1
|
Goddi A, Schroedl L, Brey EM, Cohen RN. Laminins in metabolic tissues. Metabolism 2021; 120:154775. [PMID: 33857525 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Laminins are extracellular matrix proteins that reside in the basement membrane and provide structural support in addition to promoting cellular adhesion and migration. Through interactions with cell surface receptors, laminins stimulate intracellular signaling cascades which direct specific survival and differentiation outcomes. In metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, adipose, muscle, and liver, laminin isoforms are expressed in discrete temporal and spatial patterns suggesting that certain isoforms may support the development and function of particular metabolic cell types. This review focuses on the research to date detailing the expression of laminin isoforms, their potential function, as well as known pathways involved in laminin signaling in metabolic tissues. We will also discuss the current biomedical therapies involving laminins in these tissues in addition to prospective applications, with the goal being to encourage future investigation of laminins in the context of metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goddi
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Liesl Schroedl
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 924 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
New insights into human beta cell biology using human pluripotent stem cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
3
|
Gawlik KI, Durbeej M. A Family of Laminin α2 Chain-Deficient Mouse Mutants: Advancing the Research on LAMA2-CMD. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:59. [PMID: 32457577 PMCID: PMC7188397 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The research on laminin α2 chain-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD) advanced rapidly in the last few decades, largely due to availability of good mouse models for the disease and a strong interest in preclinical studies from scientists all over the world. These mouse models continue to provide a solid platform for understanding the LAMA2-CMD pathology. In addition, they enable researchers to test laborious, necessary routines, but also the most creative scientific approaches in order to design therapy for this devastating disorder. In this review we present animals belonging to the laminin α2 chain-deficient “dy/dy” mouse family (dy/dy, dy2J/dy2J, dy3K/dy3K, dyW/dyW, et al.) and a summary of the scientific progress they facilitated. We also raise a few questions that need to be addressed in order to maximize the usefulness of laminin α2 murine mutants and to further advance the LAMA2-CMD studies. We believe that research opportunities offered by the mouse models for LAMA2-CMD will continuously support our efforts to find a treatment for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga I Gawlik
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Muscle Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lammert E, Thorn P. The Role of the Islet Niche on Beta Cell Structure and Function. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1407-1418. [PMID: 31711959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The islets of Langerhans or pancreatic islets are pivotal in the control of blood glucose and are complex microorgans embedded within the larger volume of the exocrine pancreas. Humans can have ~3.2 million islets [1] which, to our current knowledge, function in a similar manner to sense circulating blood glucose levels and respond with the secretion of a mix of different hormones that act to maintain glucose concentrations around a specific set point [2]. At a cellular level, the control of hormone secretion by glucose and other secretagogues is well-understood [3]. The key signal cascades have been identified and many details of the secretory process are known. However, if we shift focus from single cells and consider cells within intact islets, we do not have a comprehensive model as to how the islet environment influences cell function and how the islets work as a whole. This is important because there is overwhelming evidence that the structure and function of the individual endocrine cells are dramatically affected by the islet environment [4,5]. Uncovering the influence of this islet niche might drive future progress in treatments for Type 2 diabetes [6] and cell replacement therapies for Type 1 diabetes [7]. In this review, we focus on the insulin secreting beta cells and their interactions with the immediate environment that surrounds them including endocrine-endocrine interactions and contacts with capillaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Lammert
- Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Thorn
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Early skeletal muscle pathology and disease progress in the dy 3K/dy 3K mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy with laminin α2 chain-deficiency. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14324. [PMID: 31586140 PMCID: PMC6778073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of laminin α2 chain leads to a severe form of congenital muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-CMD), and dystrophic symptoms progress rapidly in early childhood. Currently, there is no treatment for this detrimental disorder. Development of therapies is largely hindered by lack of understanding of mechanisms involved in the disease initiation and progress, both in patients but also in mouse models that are commonly used in the preclinical setup. Here, we unveil the first pathogenic events and characterise the disease development in a mouse model for LAMA2-CMD (dy3K/dy3K), by analysing muscles at perinatal, neonatal and postnatal stages. We found that apoptotic muscle fibres were present as early as postnatal day 1. Other typical dystrophic hallmarks (muscle degeneration, inflammation, and extensive production of the extracellular matrix proteins) were clearly evident already at postnatal day 4, and the highest degree of muscle deterioration was reached by day 7. Interestingly, the severe phenotype of limb muscles partially recovered on days 14 and 21, despite worsening of the general condition of the dy3K/dy3K mouse by that age. We found that masticatory muscles were severely affected in dy3K/dy3K mice and this may be an underlying cause of their malnutrition, which contributes to death around day 21. We also showed that several signalling pathways were affected already in 1-day-old dy3K/dy3K muscle. Therapeutic tests in the dy3K/dy3K mouse model should therefore be initiated shortly after birth, but should also take into account timing and correlation between regenerative and pathogenic events.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pancreatic acinar differentiation is guided by differential laminin deposition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2711. [PMID: 30804366 PMCID: PMC6389953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells play multiple roles during pancreas organogenesis. First, they are required to instruct endoderm-derived pancreatic progenitor cells to initiate branching morphogenesis. Later, blood vessels promote β-cell differentiation but also limit acinar development. In this work, we show how endothelial cells might signal to pancreatic progenitors and spatially regulate acinar differentiation. Using an ex vivo culture system of undifferentiated E12.5 pancreata, we demonstrate that embryonic endothelial progenitor cells and their conditioned medium prevent the expression of two members of the pro-acinar transcriptional PTF1L-complex. This effect is not mediated by SPARC, a protein abundantly released in the medium conditioned by endothelial progenitors. On the contrary, heterotrimeric laminin-α1β1γ1, also produced by endothelial progenitor cells, can repress acinar differentiation when used on its own on pancreatic explants. Lastly, we found that laminin-α1 is predominantly found in vivo around the pancreatic trunk cells, as compared to the tip cells, at E14.5. In conclusion, we propose that expression or deposition of laminin-α1β1γ1 around the trunk cells, where blood vessels are predominantly localized, prevent acinar differentiation of these cells. On the contrary, transient decreased expression or deposition of laminin-α1β1γ1 around the tip cells would allow PTF1L-complex formation and acinar differentiation.
Collapse
|
7
|
3D-Models of Insulin-Producing β-Cells: from Primary Islet Cells to Stem Cell-Derived Islets. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:177-188. [PMID: 29181780 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for physiologically relevant assay platforms to provide functionally relevant models of diabetes, to accelerate the discovery of new treatment options and boost developments in drug discovery. In this review, we compare several 3D-strategies that have been used to increase the functional relevance of ex vivo human primary pancreatic islets and developments into the generation of stem cell derived pancreatic beta-cells (β-cells). Special attention will be given to recent approaches combining the use of extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds with pancreatic molecular memory, which can be used to improve yield and functionality of in vitro stem cell-derived pancreatic models. The ultimate goal is to develop scalable cell-based platforms for diabetes research and drug screening. This article will critically assess key aspects related to in vitro pancreatic 3D-ECM models and highlight the most promising approaches for future research.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yao Y. Laminin: loss-of-function studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1095-1115. [PMID: 27696112 PMCID: PMC11107706 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Laminin, one of the most widely expressed extracellular matrix proteins, exerts many important functions in multiple organs/systems and at various developmental stages. Although its critical roles in embryonic development have been demonstrated, laminin's functions at later stages remain largely unknown, mainly due to its intrinsic complexity and lack of research tools (most laminin mutants are embryonic lethal). With the advance of genetic and molecular techniques, many new laminin mutants have been generated recently. These new mutants usually have a longer lifespan and show previously unidentified phenotypes. Not only do these studies suggest novel functions of laminin, but also they provide invaluable animal models that allow investigation of laminin's functions at late stages. Here, I first briefly introduce the nomenclature, structure, and biochemistry of laminin in general. Next, all the loss-of-function mutants/models for each laminin chain are discussed and their phenotypes compared. I hope to provide a comprehensive review on laminin functions and its loss-of-function models, which could serve as a reference for future research in this understudied field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vigier S, Gagnon H, Bourgade K, Klarskov K, Fülöp T, Vermette P. Composition and organization of the pancreatic extracellular matrix by combined methods of immunohistochemistry, proteomics and scanning electron microscopy. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 65:31-39. [PMID: 28340694 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic expansion of diabetes is a major concern of public health. A promising treatment is the transplantation of islets of Langerhans isolated from the whole pancreas but the yields of islets isolation and the rates of successful engraftments still have to be improved to make this therapy effective. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the pancreatic tissue is partially lost during the isolation process and a comprehensive knowledge of the pancreatic ECM composition and organization could identify targets to improve islets isolation and transplantation or highlight new therapeutics for pancreatic diseases. The organization, composition and three-dimensional architecture of the pancreatic ECM were analysed in mouse and pig by three different techniques. Laminin α-4 and β-2 chains are localized by immunohistochemistry in the exocrine tissue and inside islets of mouse pancreas but not around islets that are surrounded by an ECM made of collagen type IV and type V. Collagen type I, III, and VI were identified by proteomics as specific constituents of the pig pancreatic ECM along with the low-abundance isoforms α3(IV) α4(IV) α5(IV) and α1(V) α2(V) α3(V) of collagen type IV and type V respectively. The three-dimensional ECM architecture is analysed on decellularized mouse pancreas by scanning electron microscopy and is organized in honeycomb structures made of thin ECM fibers assembled in thicker bundles. The combination of immunohistochemistry, proteomics and scanning electron microscopy gives complementary perspective on the pancreatic ECM composition and organization. It represents a valuable toolbox for deeper investigations of ECMs and proposes clues in tissue engineering of the pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Vigier
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard de l'Université, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - H Gagnon
- PhenoSwitch Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - K Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, 1036, rue Belvédère Sud, J1H 4C4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - K Klarskov
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - T Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, 1036, rue Belvédère Sud, J1H 4C4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - P Vermette
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard de l'Université, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang TL, Hsiao YC. Chitosan facilitates structure formation of the salivary gland by regulating the basement membrane components. Biomaterials 2015; 66:29-40. [PMID: 26189212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue structure is important for inherent physiological function and should be recapitulated during tissue engineering for regenerative purposes. The salivary gland is a branched organ that is responsible for saliva secretion and regulation. The salivary glands develop from epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, and depend on the support of the basement membrane (BM). Chitosan-based biomaterials have been demonstrated to be competent in facilitating the formation of salivary gland tissue structure. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. In the developing submandibular gland (SMG), the chitosan effect was found to diminish when collagen and laminin were removed from cultured SMG explants. Chitosan increased the expression of BM components including collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and also facilitated BM components and the corresponding receptors to be expressed in tissue-specific patterns beneficial for SMG branching. The chitosan effect decreased when either laminin components or receptors were inhibited, as well when the downstream signaling was blocked. Our results revealed that chitosan promotes salivary glands branching through the BM. By regulating BM components and receptors, chitosan efficiently stimulated downstream signaling to facilitate salivary gland branching. The present study revealed the underlying mechanism of the chitosan effect in engineering SMG structure formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Chuan Hsiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Domogatskaya
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bombardelli L, Carpenter ES, Wu AP, Alston N, DelGiorno KE, Crawford HC. Pancreas-specific ablation of beta1 integrin induces tissue degeneration by disrupting acinar cell polarity. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:2531-40, 2540.e1-4. [PMID: 20188101 PMCID: PMC2883624 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Integrin contact with basement membrane is a major determinant of epithelial cell polarity. beta1 integrin heterodimers are the primary receptors for basement membrane in pancreatic acinar cells, which function to synthesize and directionally secrete digestive enzymes into a central lumen. Aberrant acinar secretion and exposure of the parenchyma to digestive enzyme activity lead to organ damage and pancreatitis. METHODS beta1 integrin conditional knockout mice were crossed to Ptf1a-Cre mice to ablate beta1 integrin in the pancreas. Histopathology of aged and cerulein-treated mice were assessed by histology and immunocytochemistry. Directional secretion was determined in vitro by FM1-43 loading with cerulein stimulation. RESULTS Pancreas-specific ablation of beta1 integrin led to progressive organ degeneration, associated with focal acinar cell necrosis and ductal metaplasia along with widespread inflammation and collagen deposition. beta1 Integrin-null pancreata were highly susceptible to cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, displaying an enhanced level of damage with no loss in regeneration. Degenerating beta1 integrin-null pancreata were marked by disruption of acinar cell polarity. Protein kinase C epsilon, normally localized apically, was found in the cytoplasm where it can lead to intracellular digestive enzyme activation. beta1 Integrin-null acinar cells displayed indiscriminate secretion to all membrane surfaces, consistent with an observed loss of basolateral membrane localization of Munc18c, which normally prevents basal secretion of digestive enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Ablation of beta1 integrin induces organ atrophy by disrupting acinar cell polarity and exposing the pancreatic parenchyma to digestive enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Howard C. Crawford
- Correspondence: Howard C. Crawford, Ph.D., Stony Brook University, Department of Pharmacology, 1 Circle Road, BST 8-140, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, Phone: (631) 444-3085, Fax: (631) 444-9749,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cell Guidance by 3D-Gradients in Hydrogel Matrices: Importance for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5445751 DOI: 10.3390/ma2031058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentration gradients of soluble and matrix-bound guidance cues in the extracellular matrix direct cell growth in native tissues and are of great interest for design of biomedical scaffolds and on implant surfaces. The focus of this review is to demonstrate the importance of gradient guidance for cells as it would be desirable to direct cell growth onto/into biomedical devices. Many studies have been described that illustrate the production and characterization of surface gradients, but three dimensional (3D)-gradients that direct cellular behavior are not well investigated. Hydrogels are considered as synthetic replacements for native extracellular matrices as they share key functions such as 2D- or 3D-solid support, fibrous structure, gas- and nutrition permeability and allow storage and release of biologically active molecules. Therefore this review focuses on current studies that try to implement soluble or covalently-attached gradients of growth factors, cytokines or adhesion sequences into 3D-hydrogel matrices in order to control cell growth, orientation and migration towards a target. Such gradient architectures are especially desirable for wound healing purposes, where defined cell populations need to be recruited from the blood stream and out of the adjacent tissue, in critical bone defects, for vascular implants or neuronal guidance structures where defined cell populations should be guided by appropriate signals to reach their proper positions or target tissues in order to accomplish functional repair.
Collapse
|
14
|
Otonkoski T, Banerjee M, Korsgren O, Thornell LE, Virtanen I. Unique basement membrane structure of human pancreatic islets: implications for beta-cell growth and differentiation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10 Suppl 4:119-27. [PMID: 18834439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00955.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are an important part of the physiological microenvironment of pancreatic islet cells. In mouse islets, beta-cells interact directly with BMs of capillary endothelial cells. We have shown that in the human islets, the capillaries are surrounded by a double BM both in foetal and adult tissues. The endocrine islet cells are facing a BM that is separate from the endothelia. Laminins are the functionally most important component of BMs. The only laminin isoform present in the human endocrine islet BM is laminin-511 (previously known as laminin 10). The islet cells facing this BM have a strong and polarized expression of Lutheran glycoprotein, which is a well-known receptor for the laminin alpha 5 chain. Dispersed human islet cells adhere to purified human laminin-511 and the binding is equally effectively blocked by a soluble form of Lutheran as by antibody against integrin beta1. Our results reveal unique features of the BM structure of human islets, different from rodents. This information has potentially important implications for the generation of an optimal microenvironment for beta-cell function, proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Otonkoski
- Biomedicum Stem Cell Center and Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Irving-Rodgers HF, Ziolkowski AF, Parish CR, Sado Y, Ninomiya Y, Simeonovic CJ, Rodgers RJ. Molecular composition of the peri-islet basement membrane in NOD mice: a barrier against destructive insulitis. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1680-8. [PMID: 18633594 PMCID: PMC2516190 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This study examined whether the capsule which encases islets of Langerhans in the NOD mouse pancreas represents a specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) or basement membrane that protects islets from autoimmune attack. METHODS Immunofluorescence microscopy using a panel of antibodies to collagens type IV, laminins, nidogens and perlecan was performed to localise matrix components in NOD mouse pancreas before diabetes onset, at onset of diabetes and after clinical diabetes was established (2-8.5 weeks post-onset). RESULTS Perlecan, a heparan sulphate proteoglycan that is characteristic of basement membranes and has not previously been investigated in islets, was localised in the peri-islet capsule and surrounding intra-islet capillaries. Other components present in the peri-islet capsule included laminin chains alpha2, beta1 and gamma1, collagen type IV alpha1 and alpha2, and nidogen 1 and 2. Collagen type IV alpha3-alpha6 were not detected. These findings confirm that the peri-islet capsule represents a specialised ECM or conventional basement membrane. The islet basement membrane was destroyed in islets where intra-islet infiltration of leucocytes marked the progression from non-destructive to destructive insulitis. No changes in basement membrane composition were observed before leucocyte infiltration. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that the islet basement membrane functions as a physical barrier to leucocyte migration into islets and that degradation of the islet basement membrane marks the onset of destructive autoimmune insulitis and diabetes development in NOD mice. The components of the islet basement membrane that we identified predict that specialised degradative enzymes are likely to function in autoimmune islet damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. F. Irving-Rodgers
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - A. F. Ziolkowski
- The Division of Immunology and Genetics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - C. R. Parish
- The Division of Immunology and Genetics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - Y. Sado
- Division of Immunology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y. Ninomiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - C. J. Simeonovic
- The Division of Immunology and Genetics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT Australia
| | - R. J. Rodgers
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Virtanen I, Banerjee M, Palgi J, Korsgren O, Lukinius A, Thornell LE, Kikkawa Y, Sekiguchi K, Hukkanen M, Konttinen YT, Otonkoski T. Blood vessels of human islets of Langerhans are surrounded by a double basement membrane. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1181-91. [PMID: 18438639 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Based on mouse study findings, pancreatic islet cells are supposed to lack basement membrane (BM) and interact directly with vascular endothelial BM. Until now, the BM composition of human islets has remained elusive. METHODS Immunohistochemistry with specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies as well as electron microscopy were used to study BM organisation and composition in human adult islets. Isolated islet cells and function-blocking monoclonal antibodies and recombinant soluble Lutheran peptide were further used to study islet cell adhesion to laminin (Lm)-511. Short-term cultures of islets were used to study Lutheran and integrin distribution. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed a unique organisation for human Lm-511/521 as a peri-islet BM, which co-invaginated into islets with vessels, forming an outer endocrine BM of the intra-islet vascular channels, and was distinct from the vascular BM that additionally contained Lm-411/421. These findings were verified by electron microscopy. Lutheran glycoprotein, a receptor for the Lm alpha5 chain, was found prominently on endocrine cells, as identified by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, whereas alpha(3) and beta(1) integrins were more diffusely distributed. High Lutheran content was also found on endocrine cell membranes in short-term culture of human islets. The adhesion of dispersed beta cells to Lm-511 was inhibited equally effectively by antibodies to integrin and alpha(3) and beta(1) subunits, and by soluble Lutheran peptide. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present results disclose a hitherto unrecognised BM organisation and adhesion mechanisms in human pancreatic islets as distinct from mouse islets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Virtanen
- Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berfield AK, Hansen KM, Abrass CK. Rat glomerular mesangial cells require laminin-9 to migrate in response to insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C589-99. [PMID: 16672690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00623.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial differences in extracellular matrix play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Different migratory stimuli use different substrates and receptors to achieve cell migration. To understand the mechanism of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5)-induced migration in mesangial cells, the roles of integrins and substrates were examined. IGFBP-5 induced an increase in mRNA expression for laminin (LN) chains lama4, lamb2, and lamc1, suggesting that LN-9 might be required for migration. Antibodies to the LNalpha(4) and LNbeta(2) chains, but not LNbeta(1), blocked IGFBP-5-induced migration. Anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotide inhibition of expression of LNalpha(4) substantially reduced expression of LN-8/9 (alpha(4)beta(1)gamma(1)/alpha(4)beta(2)gamma(1), 411/421) and prevented IGFBP-5-induced migration. Anti-sense inhibition of lamb2 reduced expression of LN-9. Absence of LN-9 prevented IGFBP-5-induced migration, which was not preserved by continued expression of LN-8. The requirement for LN-9 was further supported by studies of T98G cells, which express predominantly LN-8. IGFBP-5 had little effect on migration in these cells, but increased migration when T98G cells were plated on LN-8/9. IGFBP-5-mediated mesangial cell migration was inhibited by antibodies that block attachment to alpha(6)beta(1)-integrins but was unaffected by antibodies and disintegrins that block binding to other integrins. Furthermore, in cells with anti-sense inhibited expression of LN-9, integrin alpha(6)beta(1) was no longer detected on the cell surface. These studies suggest the specificity of mechanisms of migration induced by specific stimuli and for the first time demonstrate a unique function for LN-9 in mediating IGFBP-5-induced migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Berfield
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The basement membrane separates the epithelium from the surrounding mesenchyme and plays an essential role in the development of various epithelial-mesenchymal organs. Among these, the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) has been chosen to review the expression patterns and roles of the epithelial basement membrane and its components, in particular the laminins, during SMG morphogenesis. At the outset, a brief description of SMG development is provided with special reference to changes in the epithelial architecture and the epithelial basement membrane. The restricted expression patterns of various laminin isoforms in the developing SMGs are also summarized. Furthermore, an overview is given of several lines of experimental evidence that indicate significant but distinct roles for laminin-1 and laminin-10, their individual domains and their receptor-mediated signaling in SMG morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kadoya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the application of genetics to probe the functions of basement membrane laminins. These studies have shown that different laminin subunits profoundly affect tissue morphogenesis, starting around the time of embryonic implantation and extending through organogenesis and into the postnatal period. Collectively they have revealed common functions that include the induction and maintenance of cell polarity, the establishment of barriers between tissue compartments, the organization of cells into tissues, and the protection of adherent cells from detachment-induced cell death, anoikis. Interpreted in light of what is known about laminin structure and self-assembly and binding activities, these advances have begun to provide insights into mechanisms of action. In this review we focus on the contributions of the laminins in invertebrate and vertebrate tissue morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey H Miner
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|