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Li Y, Fang W, Qiu H, Yu H, Dong W, Sun Z. Diurnal biological effects of correlated colour temperature and its exposure timing on alertness, cognition, and mood in an enclosed environment. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 119:104304. [PMID: 38718532 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Artificial lighting, which profits from the non-visual effects of light, is a potentially promising solution to support residents' psychophysiological health and performance at specific times of the day in enclosed environments. However, few studies have investigated the non-visual effects of daytime correlated colour temperature (CCT) and its exposure timing on human alertness, cognition, and mood. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects are largely unknown. The current study evaluated the effects of daytime CCT and its exposure timing on markers of subjective experience, cognitive performance, and cerebral activity in a simulated enclosed environment. Forty-two participants participated a single-blind laboratory study with a 4 within (CCT: 4000 K vs. 6500 K vs. 8500 K vs. 12,000 K) × 2 between (exposure timing: morning vs. afternoon) mixed design. The results showed time of the day dependent benefits of the daytime CCT on subjective experience, vigilant attention, response inhibition, working memory, emotional perception, and risk decisions. The results of the electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed that lower-frequency EEG bands, including theta, alpha, and alpha-theta, were quite sensitive to daytime CCT intervention, which provides a valuable reference for trying to establish the underlying mechanisms that support the performance-enhancement effects of exposure to CCT in the daytime. However, the results revealed no consistent intervention pattern across these measurements. Therefore, future studies should consider personalised optimisation of daytime CCT for different cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanJie Li
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - WeiNing Fang
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - HanZhao Qiu
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Haidian District, 100094 Beijing, China.
| | - WenLi Dong
- School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Automation and Intelligence, Beijing Jiaotong University, No. 3 Shang Yuan Cun, Haidian District, 100044 Beijing, China.
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Yorca-Ruiz Á, Magdaleno Herrero R, Ortiz García de la Foz V, Murillo-García N, Ayesa-Arriola R. Breaking down processing speed: Motor and cognitive insights in first-episode psychosis and unaffected first-degree relatives. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2024:S2950-2853(24)00036-X. [PMID: 38908403 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Processing speed (PS) deficits represent a fundamental aspect of cognitive impairment, evident not only in schizophrenia but also in individuals undergoing their first episode of psychosis (FEP) and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Heterogeneity in tests assessing PS reflects the participation of motor and cognitive subcomponents to varying degrees. We aim to explore differences in performance of the subcomponents of PS in FEP patients, parents, siblings, and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS Results from tests, including Trail Making Test part A and part B, Digit Symbol Coding Test, Grooved Pegboard Test, and Stroop Word and Stroop Color subtests, were obtained from 133 FEP patients, 146 parents, and 202 controls. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed in controls to establish the structure, followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify if the other groups share this structure. RESULTS EFA revealed a two-factor model: Factor 1 for the motor subcomponent and Factor 2 for the cognitive subcomponent. Subsequently, CFA indicated a good fit for the remaining groups with differences in the relationship between the factors. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the relationships of factors within a common structure suggest the involvement of different compensatory strategies among groups, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of PS deficits in patients and relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Yorca-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | - Rebeca Magdaleno Herrero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Murillo-García
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Gajardo-Vidal A, Montembeault M, Lorca-Puls DL, Licata AE, Bogley R, Erlhoff S, Ratnasiri B, Ezzes Z, Battistella G, Tsoy E, Pereira CW, DeLeon J, Tee BL, Henry ML, Miller ZA, Rankin KP, Mandelli ML, Possin KL, Gorno-Tempini ML. Assessing processing speed and its neural correlates in the three variants of primary progressive aphasia with a non-verbal tablet-based task. Cortex 2024; 171:165-177. [PMID: 38000139 PMCID: PMC10922977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has revealed distinctive patterns of impaired language abilities across the three variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA): nonfluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA), logopenic (lvPPA) and semantic (svPPA). However, little is known about whether, and to what extent, non-verbal cognitive abilities, such as processing speed, are impacted in PPA patients. This is because neuropsychological tests typically contain linguistic stimuli and require spoken output, being therefore sensitive to verbal deficits in aphasic patients. The aim of this study is to investigate potential differences in processing speed between PPA patients and healthy controls, and among the three PPA variants, using a brief non-verbal tablet-based task (Match) modeled after the WAIS-III digit symbol coding test, and to determine its neural correlates. Here, we compared performance on the Match task between PPA patients (n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 59) and across the three PPA variants. We correlated performance on Match with voxelwise gray and white matter volumes. We found that lvPPA and nfvPPA patients performed significantly worse on Match than healthy controls and svPPA patients. Worse performance on Match across PPA patients was associated with reduced gray matter volume in specific parts of the left middle frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and precuneus, and reduced white matter volume in the left parietal lobe. To conclude, our behavioral findings reveal that processing speed is differentially impacted across the three PPA variants and provide support for the potential clinical utility of a tabled-based task (Match) to assess non-verbal cognition. In addition, our neuroimaging findings confirm the importance of a set of fronto-parietal regions that previous research has associated with processing speed and executive control. Finally, our behavioral and neuroimaging findings combined indicate that differences in processing speed are largely explained by the unequal distribution of atrophy in these fronto-parietal regions across the three PPA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gajardo-Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maxime Montembeault
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Diego L Lorca-Puls
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Sección de Neurología, Departamento de Especialidades, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Abigail E Licata
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rian Bogley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Erlhoff
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Buddhika Ratnasiri
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Ezzes
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elena Tsoy
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christa Watson Pereira
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica DeLeon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Boon Lead Tee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maya L Henry
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine P Rankin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Possin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hoffmeister JR, Roye S, Copeland CT, Linck JF. Adaptive Functioning Among Older Adults: The Essence of Information Processing Speed in Executive Functioning. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1082-1090. [PMID: 37114743 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the degree to which information processing speed mediates the association between executive functioning and adaptive functioning among older adults. METHOD Cases (N = 239) were selected from a clinical database of neuropsychological evaluations. Inclusion criteria were age 60+ (M = 74.0, standard deviation = 6.9) and completion of relevant study measures. Participants were majority White (93%) women (53.1%). The Texas Functional Living Scale was used as a performance-based measure of adaptive functioning. Information processing speed was measured using the Coding subtest from the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Executive functioning performance was quantified using part B of the Trail Making Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Similarities and Matrix Reasoning subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, second edition. Mediation models were assessed with bootstrapped confidence intervals. RESULTS Information processing speed mediated all measures of executive functioning. Direct effects were significant for all models (ps < 0.03), suggesting that executive functioning maintained unique associations with adaptive functioning. Follow-up analyses indicated no evidence for moderation of the mediation models based on diagnostic group. Additional models with executive functioning mediating information processing speed and adaptive functioning revealed inconsistent mediation, with smaller effects. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of information processing speed in understanding real-world implications of pathological and non-pathological cognitive aging. Information processing speed mediated all relationships between executive functioning and adaptive functioning. Further investigation is warranted into the importance of processing speed in explaining associations of other cognitive domains with adaptive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Hoffmeister
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Scott Roye
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Christopher T Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Kamrani M, Saryazdi S, Zemorshidi F, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Behravan G. Cognitive deficits in HTLV-1 patients. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:416-424. [PMID: 37204651 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus known to be associated with adult T-cell lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Previous researches and brain imaging techniques have suggested cognitive abnormalities as well as brain damage in individuals infected with this virus. Given the insufficient amount of studies on how this virus can impact the affected person's cognition, we aimed to assess and compare the cognitive abnormalities of HAM/TSP patients, asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, and healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 patients divided into 3 groups; a group of HAM/TSP patients, a group of asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, and an uninfected control group. Each group contained 17 members. The cognitive state of the studied population was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF), the "Verbal Fluency Test" and the "Trail Making Test" (TMT) components of the Delis-Kaplan executive function system (D-KEFS) test, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and digit span memory test. Patients diagnosed with HAM/TSP received significantly lower scores on the SDMT, ROCF, TMT, RAVLT, digit span memory test, and the orientation, calculation, and recall component of the MMSE assessment (p-value < 0.001). In addition, the asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers obtained lower scores on the SDMT, ROCF, digit span memory test, and the orientation, calculation, and recall component of the MMSE assessment compared to the control group (p-value < 0.001). Overall, the findings suggest that HAM/TSP, or an asymptomatic infection with HTLV-1 could lead to cognitive deficits in the affected individuals. This can further emphasize the importance of assessing the cognitive function and psychiatric abnormalities of those infected with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Kamrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Saryazdi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Zemorshidi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazal Behravan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sandry J, Levy S, Sumowski JF. Psychometrically valid interpretation of cognitive assessments is a prerequisite for classification of cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023:13524585231157000. [PMID: 36803066 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231157000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sandry
- Psychology Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah Levy
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James F Sumowski
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang Y, Elgart M, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Wang H, Tarraf W, Ramos AR, Stickel AM, Zeng D, Garcia TP, Testai FD, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Isasi CR, Daviglus ML, Kaplan R, Fornage M, DeCarli C, Redline S, González HM, Sofer T. Genetic associations between sleep traits and cognitive ageing outcomes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. EBioMedicine 2023; 87:104393. [PMID: 36493726 PMCID: PMC9732133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep phenotypes have been reported to be associated with cognitive ageing outcomes. However, there is limited research using genetic variants as proxies for sleep traits to study their associations. We estimated associations between Polygenic Risk Scores (PRSs) for sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and measures of cogntive ageing in Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS We used summary statistics from published genome-wide association studies to construct PRSs representing the genetic basis of each sleep trait, then we studied the association of the PRSs of the sleep phenotypes with cognitive outcomes in the Hispanic Community Healthy Study/Study of Latinos. The primary model adjusted for age, sex, study centre, and measures of genetic ancestry. Associations are highlighted if their p-value <0.05. FINDINGS Higher PRS for insomnia was associated with lower global cognitive function and higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (OR = 1.20, 95% CI [1.06, 1.36]). Higher PRS for daytime sleepiness was also associated with increased MCI risk (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.02, 1.28]). Sleep duration PRS was associated with reduced MCI risk among short and normal sleepers, while among long sleepers it was associated with reduced global cognitive function and with increased MCI risk (OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.10, 1.78]). Furthermore, adjustment of analyses for the measured sleep phenotypes and APOE-ε4 allele had minor effects on the PRS associations with the cognitive outcomes. INTERPRETATION Genetic measures underlying insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and sleep duration are associated with MCI risk. Genetic and self-reported sleep duration interact in their effect on MCI. FUNDING Described in Acknowledgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Michael Elgart
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Einat Granot-Hershkovitz
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alberto R Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ariana M Stickel
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tanya P Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pratt DN, Luther L, Kinney KS, Osborne KJ, Corlett PR, Powers AR, Woods SW, Gold JM, Schiffman J, Ellman LM, Strauss GP, Walker EF, Zinbarg R, Waltz JA, Silverstein SM, Mittal VA. Comparing a Computerized Digit Symbol Test to a Pen-and-Paper Classic. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2023; 4:sgad027. [PMID: 37868160 PMCID: PMC10590153 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis Processing speed dysfunction is a core feature of psychosis and predictive of conversion in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Although traditionally measured with pen-and-paper tasks, computerized digit symbol tasks are needed to meet the increasing demand for remote assessments. Therefore we: (1) assessed the relationship between traditional and computerized processing speed measurements; (2) compared effect sizes of impairment for progressive and persistent subgroups of CHR individuals on these tasks; and (3) explored causes contributing to task performance differences. Study Design Participants included 92 CHR individuals and 60 healthy controls who completed clinical interviews, the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia Symbol Coding test, the computerized TestMyBrain Digit Symbol Matching Test, a finger-tapping task, and a self-reported motor abilities measure. Correlations, Hedges' g, and linear models were utilized, respectively, to achieve the above aims. Study Results Task performance was strongly correlated (r = 0.505). A similar degree of impairment was seen between progressive (g = -0.541) and persistent (g = -0.417) groups on the paper version. The computerized task uniquely identified impairment for progressive individuals (g = -477), as the persistent group performed similarly to controls (g = -0.184). Motor abilities were related to the computerized version, but the paper version was more related to symptoms and psychosis risk level. Conclusions The paper symbol coding task measures impairment throughout the CHR state, while the computerized version only identifies impairment in those with worsening symptomatology. These results may be reflective of sensitivity differences, an artifact of existing subgroups, or evidence of mechanistic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Pratt
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Luther
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kyle S Kinney
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Albert R Powers
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory P Strauss
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard Zinbarg
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - James A Waltz
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institutes for Policy Research (IPR) and Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Psychiatry, Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Cognitive reserve profiles are associated with outcome in schizophrenia. J Neurol Sci 2022; 443:120496. [PMID: 36410188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR), the brain's ability to cope with brain pathology to minimize symptoms, could explain the heterogeneity of outcomes in neuropsychiatric disorders, however it is still rarely investigated in schizophrenia. Indeed, this study aims to classify CR in this disorder and evaluate its impact on neurocognitive and socio-cognitive performance and daily functioning. A group of 106 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia was enrolled and assessed in these aereas: neurocognition, Theory of Mind (ToM) and daily functioning. A composite CR score was determined through an integration of the intelligence quotient and education and leisure activities. CR profiles were classified with a two-step cluster analysis and differences among clusters were determined with an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The cluster analysis was identified with three CR profiles characterized, respectively, by high, medium and low CR. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences on neurocognition, ToM and daily functioning between the clusters: people with higher CR reached significantly superior scores. This study suggests that greater general cognitive resources could act as a buffer against the effect of brain pathology, allowing patients to have a better cognitive performance, social outcome and quality of life.
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Sandry J, Ricker TJ. Motor speed does not impact the drift rate: a computational HDDM approach to differentiate cognitive and motor speed. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2022; 7:66. [PMID: 35867284 PMCID: PMC9307706 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The drift diffusion model (DDM) is a widely applied computational model of decision making that allows differentiation between latent cognitive and residual processes. One main assumption of the DDM that has undergone little empirical testing is the level of independence between cognitive and motor responses. If true, widespread incorporation of DDM estimation into applied and clinical settings could ease assessment of whether response disruption occurs due to cognitive or motor slowing. Across two experiments, we manipulated response force (motor speed) and set size to evaluate whether drift rates are independent of motor slowing or if motor slowing impacts the drift rate parameter. The hierarchical Bayesian drift diffusion model was used to quantify parameter estimates of drift rate, boundary separation, and non-decision time. Model comparison revealed changes in set size impacted the drift rate while changes in response force did not impact the drift rate, validating independence between drift rates and motor speed. Convergent validity between parameter estimates and traditional assessments of processing speed and motor function were weak or absent. Widespread application, including neurocognitive assessment where confounded changes in cognitive and motor slowing are pervasive, may provide a more process-pure measurement of information processing speed, leading to advanced disease-symptom management.
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Brice S, Reyes S, Jabouley A, Machado C, Rogan C, Gastellier N, Alili N, Guey S, Jouvent E, Hervé D, Tezenas du Montcel S, Chabriat H. Trajectory Pattern of Cognitive Decline in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 2022; 99:e1019-e1031. [PMID: 35705499 PMCID: PMC9519251 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The course and pattern of cognitive decline in ischemic cerebral small vessel disease remain poorly characterized. We analyzed the trajectory pattern of cognitive decline from age 25 to 75 years in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). METHODS We applied latent process mixed models to data obtained from patients with CADASIL who were repeatedly scored during their follow-up using 16 selected clinical scales or cognitive tests. RESULTS The modeled evolutions of these scores obtained from 1,243 observations in 265 patients recruited at the French National Referral Centre (50.1 years on average and 45.3% men) showed wide and heterogeneous variations in amplitude along the age-related progression of the disease. Although the Backward Digit Span remained essentially stable, a linear deterioration of scores obtained using the Symbol Digit Numbers or Number of Errors of Trail Making Test B was detected from 25 to 75 years. By contrast, the largest score changes were observed at midlife using the Digit Cancellation Task. All other tests related to executive functions, memory performances, or global cognitive efficiency showed a rate of change accelerating especially at the advanced stage of the disease. Male gender and the presence of gait disorders or of some disability at baseline were found to predict earlier or large changes of 4 scores (Index of Sensitivity to Cueing, Delayed Total Recall, Initiation/Perseveration, and Barthel Index) in a subgroup of individuals distinct from the rest of the sample. DISCUSSION Cognitive alterations develop heterogeneously during the progression of CADASIL and vary largely according to the stage of the disease. These results suggest that not only the target population and study duration but also the stage of disease progression should be considered in preparing future clinical trials aimed at reducing cognitive decline in any such condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Brice
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Reyes
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Aude Jabouley
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Carla Machado
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Christina Rogan
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Gastellier
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Nassira Alili
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Guey
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Eric Jouvent
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hervé
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Chabriat
- From the Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.d.M.), INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Sorbonne Université (S.B., S.T.M.), INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix; Département de Neurologie et Centre Neurovasculaire Translationnel (S.R., A.J., C.M., C.R., N.G., N.A., S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Centre de Référence CERVCO, FHU NeuroVasc, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Université de Paris; and INSERM (S.G., E.J., D.H., H.C.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1161, Paris, France.
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Jiang Z, Cai Y, Zhang X, Lv Y, Zhang M, Li S, Lin G, Bao Z, Liu S, Gu W. Predicting Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery After Non-cardiac Surgery Using Resting-State Brain Network Patterns Combined With Machine Learning. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:715517. [PMID: 34867266 PMCID: PMC8633536 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.715517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) is a common subtype of postoperative neurocognitive disorders. An objective approach for identifying subjects at high risk of DNR is yet lacking. The present study aimed to predict DNR using the machine learning method based on multiple cognitive-related brain network features. A total of 74 elderly patients (≥ 60-years-old) undergoing non-cardiac surgery were subjected to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) before the surgery. Seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) was analyzed with 18 regions of interest (ROIs) located in the default mode network (DMN), limbic network, salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN). Multiple machine learning models (support vector machine, decision tree, and random forest) were constructed to recognize the DNR based on FC network features. The experiment has three parts, including performance comparison, feature screening, and parameter adjustment. Then, the model with the best predictive efficacy for DNR was identified. Finally, independent testing was conducted to validate the established predictive model. Compared to the non-DNR group, the DNR group exhibited aberrant whole-brain FC in seven ROIs, including the right posterior cingulate cortex, right medial prefrontal cortex, and left lateral parietal cortex in the DMN, the right insula in the SN, the left anterior prefrontal cortex in the CEN, and the left ventral hippocampus and left amygdala in the limbic network. The machine learning experimental results identified a random forest model combined with FC features of DMN and CEN as the best prediction model. The area under the curve was 0.958 (accuracy = 0.935, precision = 0.899, recall = 0.900, F1 = 0.890) on the test set. Thus, the current study indicated that the random forest machine learning model based on rs-FC features of DMN and CEN predicts the DNR following non-cardiac surgery, which could be beneficial to the early prevention of DNR. Clinical Trial Registration: The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Identification number: ChiCTR-DCD-15006096).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshun Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangwu Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songbin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Singh S, Strong RW, Jung L, Haofei Li F, Grinspoon L, Scheuer LS, Passell EJ, Martini P, Chaytor N, Soble JR, Germine L. The TestMyBrain Digital Neuropsychology Toolkit: Development and Psychometric Characteristics. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:786-795. [PMID: 34907842 PMCID: PMC8922997 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.2002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To allow continued administration of neuropsychological evaluations remotely during the pandemic, tests from the not-for-profit platform, TestMyBrain.org (TMB), were used to develop the TMB Digital Neuropsychology Toolkit (DNT). This study details the psychometric characteristics of the DNT, as well as the infrastructure and development of the DNT. METHOD The DNT was primarily distributed for clinical use, with (72.8%) of individuals requesting access for clinical purposes. To assess reliability and validity of the DNT, anonymous data from DNT test administrations were analyzed and compared to a large, non-clinical normative sample from TMB. RESULTS DNT test scores showed acceptable to very good split-half reliability (.68-.99). Factor analysis revealed three latent factors, corresponding to processing speed, working memory, and a broader general cognitive ability factor that included perceptual reasoning and episodic memory. Average test scores were slightly poorer for the DNT sample than for the TMB comparison sample, as expected given the clinical use of the DNT. CONCLUSIONS Initial estimates of reliability and validity of DNT tests support their use as digital measures of neuropsychological functioning. Tests within cognitive domains correlated highly with each other and demonstrated good reliability and validity. Future work will seek to validate DNT tests in specific clinical populations and determine best practices for using DNT outcome measures to assess engagement and psychological symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifali Singh
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger W. Strong
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laneé Jung
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frances Haofei Li
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liz Grinspoon
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke S. Scheuer
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eliza J. Passell
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Martini
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naomi Chaytor
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jason R. Soble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura Germine
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Geng J, Deng L, Qiu S, Bian H, Cai B, Li Y, Li J, Qin Z, Yang Q, Dong B, Su B. Low lean mass and cognitive performance: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2737-2745. [PMID: 33786800 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low lean mass and cognitive impairment are both age-related diseases. In addition, these conditions share many risk factors. However, the association between them has been controversial in recent years. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between low lean mass and cognitive performance in U.S. adults using NHANES data from 1999 to 2002. METHODS A total of 2550 participants were identified in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database (1999-2002). The independent variable was low lean mass, and the dependent variable was cognitive performance. Men and women were classified as having low lean mass if appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for BMI (ALMBMI) was < 0.789 and < 0.512, respectively. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Higher scores on the DSST indicated better cognitive performance. The covariates included sex, age, race, poverty income ratio, comorbidity index, educational level, physical activity and smoking status. RESULTS For the primary outcome, our multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that participants without low lean mass were associated with better cognitive performance (β = 1.50; 95% CI [0.12-2.89]). Subgroup analysis results indicated that the association was similar in sex, age, race, poverty income ratio, comorbidity index, educational level, physical activity and smoking status. CONCLUSIONS Participants without low lean mass were associated with better cognitive performance. We might be able to improve cognitive performance by treating low lean mass, thus providing an opportunity for intervention at a younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Geng
- Department of Nephrology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Deng
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gerontology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Bian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Cai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupei Li
- Department of Nephrology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Li
- Department of Nephrology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Qin
- Department of Nephrology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinbo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gerontology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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de la Fuente A, Vignaga SS, Prado P, Figueras R, Lizaso L, Manes F, Cetkovich M, Tagliazucchi E, Torralva T. Early onset consumption of coca paste associated with executive-attention vulnerability markers linked to caudate-frontal structural and functional abnormalities. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108926. [PMID: 34364191 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Coca paste is the most popular form of smoked cocaine (SC) in Latin America and also the most widespread among adolescents in vulnerable sectors of society, thus representing a significant public health concern. Despite evidence suggesting that abnormal executive-attention function is predictive of addiction to stimulant drugs, no study to date has compared clinically relevant neuropsychological (NPS) and physiological variables between individuals with histories of smoked cocaine dependence (SCD) and insufflated cocaine hydrochloride dependence (ICD). In this study we evaluated 25 SCD and 22 ICD subjects matched by poly-consumption profiles, and 25 healthy controls (CTR) matched by age, gender, education, and socioeconomic status. An exhaustive NPS battery was used to assess cognitive domains (attention, executive functions, fluid intelligence, memory, language and social cognition). We complemented this assessment with structural (MRI) and functional (fMRI) neuroimaging data. We found that executive function and attention impairments could be explained by the administration route of cocaine, with strongest impairments for the SCD group. SCD also presented reduced grey matter density relative to ICD and CTR in the bilateral caudate, a key area for executive and attentional function. Functional connectivity between left caudate and inferior frontal regions mediated the association between brain structure and behavioral performance. Our results highlight the relevance of assessing the route of administration of stimulants, both in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia de la Fuente
- Buenos Aires Physics Institute (IFIBA) and Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sofía Schurmann Vignaga
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pilar Prado
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Figueras
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia Lizaso
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Cetkovich
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Buenos Aires Physics Institute (IFIBA) and Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Torralva
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Busatto GF, de Araújo AL, Duarte AJDS, Levin AS, Guedes BF, Kallas EG, Pinna FR, de Souza HP, da Silva KR, Sawamura MVY, Seelaender M, Imamura M, Garcia ML, Forlenza OV, Nitrini R, Damiano RF, Rocha VG, Batisttella LR, Carvalho CRRD. Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC): a protocol for a multidisciplinary prospective observational evaluation of a cohort of patients surviving hospitalisation in Sao Paulo, Brazil. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051706. [PMID: 34193506 PMCID: PMC8249176 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 may lead to persistent and potentially incapacitating clinical manifestations (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)). Using easy-to-apply questionnaires and scales (often by telephone interviewing), several studies evaluated samples of COVID-19 inpatients from 4 weeks to several months after discharge. However, studies conducting systematic multidisciplinary assessments of PASC manifestations are scarce, with thorough in-person objective evaluations restricted to modestly sized subsamples presenting greatest disease severity. METHODS AND ANALYSES We will conduct a prospective observational study of surviving individuals (above 18 years of age) from a cohort of over 3000 subjects with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were treated as inpatients at the largest academic health centre in Sao Paulo, Brazil (Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo). All eligible subjects will be consecutively invited to undergo a 1-2-day series of multidisciplinary assessments at 2 time-points, respectively, at 6-9 months and 12-15 months after discharge. Assessment schedules will include detailed multidomain questionnaires applied by medical research staff, self-report scales, objective evaluations of cardiopulmonary functioning, physical functionality and olfactory status, standardised neurological, psychiatric and cognitive examinations, as well as diagnostic laboratory, muscle ultrasound and chest imaging exams. Remaining material from blood tests will be incorporated by a local biobank for use in future investigations on inflammatory markers, genomics, transcriptomics, peptidomics and metabolomics. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION All components of this programme have been approved by local research ethics committees. We aim to provide insights into the frequency and severity of chronic/post-COVID multiorgan symptoms, as well as their interrelationships and associations with acute disease features, sociodemographic variables and environmental exposures. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific meetings. Additionally, we aim to provide a data repository to allow future pathophysiological investigations relating clinical PASC features to biomarker data extracted from blood samples. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RBR-8z7v5wc; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Filho Busatto
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Diretoria Executiva dos LIMs, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Faculdade de Medicina e Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Sara Levin
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Fukelmann Guedes
- Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper Georges Kallas
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rezende Pinna
- Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Laboratório de Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heraldo Possolo de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia Regina da Silva
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marilia Seelaender
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Imamura
- Instituto de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Louvaes Garcia
- Departamento de Cardio-Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Furlan Damiano
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderson Geraldo Rocha
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Hematologia Molecular, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Linamara Rizzo Batisttella
- Instituto de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Libon DJ, Baliga G, Swenson R, Au R. Digital Neuropsychological Assessment: New Technology for Measuring Subtle Neuropsychological Behavior. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1-4. [PMID: 34219670 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Technology has transformed the science and practice of medicine. In this special mini-forum, data using digital neuropsychological technology are reported. All of these papers demonstrate how coupling digital technology with standard paper and pencil neuropsychological tests are able to extract behavior not otherwise obtainable. As digital assessment methods mature, early identification of persons with emergent neurodegenerative and other neurological illness may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Libon
- Department Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Psychology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Ganesh Baliga
- Department of Computer Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Rod Swenson
- Department Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Framingham Heart Study, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Andersen SL, Sweigart B, Glynn NW, Wojczynski MK, Thyagarajan B, Mengel-From J, Thielke S, Perls TT, Libon DJ, Au R, Cosentino S, Sebastiani P. Digital Technology Differentiates Graphomotor and Information Processing Speed Patterns of Behavior. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:17-32. [PMID: 34219735 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coupling digital technology with traditional neuropsychological test performance allows collection of high-precision metrics that can clarify and/or define underlying constructs related to brain and cognition. OBJECTIVE To identify graphomotor and information processing trajectories using a digitally administered version of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). METHODS A subset of Long Life Family Study participants (n = 1,594) completed the DSST. Total time to draw each symbol was divided into 'writing' and non-writing or 'thinking' time. Bayesian clustering grouped participants by change in median time over intervals of eight consecutively drawn symbols across the 90 s test. Clusters were characterized based on sociodemographic characteristics, health and physical function data, APOE genotype, and neuropsychological test scores. RESULTS Clustering revealed four 'thinking' time trajectories, with two clusters showing significant changes within the test. Participants in these clusters obtained lower episodic memory scores but were similar in other health and functional characteristics. Clustering of 'writing' time also revealed four performance trajectories where one cluster of participants showed progressively slower writing time. These participants had weaker grip strength, slower gait speed, and greater perceived physical fatigability, but no differences in cognitive test scores. CONCLUSION Digital data identified previously unrecognized patterns of 'writing' and 'thinking' time that cannot be detected without digital technology. These patterns of performance were differentially associated with measures of cognitive and physical function and may constitute specific neurocognitive biomarkers signaling the presence of subtle to mild dysfunction. Such information could inform the selection and timing of in-depth neuropsychological assessments and help target interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Sweigart
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stephen Thielke
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Puget Sound VA Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Libon
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is sensitive but non-specific in MS: Lexical access speed, memory, and information processing speed independently contribute to SDMT performance. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 51:102950. [PMID: 33887609 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is the most sensitive metric of neurocognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MS), and is consistently interpreted as a measure of information processing speed (IPS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cognitive psychometric profile captured by the SDMT to identify whether different cognitive processes independently underlie performance. METHODS Three samples of MS patients (total n=661; 185 research patients at MS center; 370 clinical patients at MS center; 106 persons with MS from the community) completed objective assessments of neuropsychological function across cognitive domains. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to derive latent cognitive factor scores, and operationalize cognitive domain composite scores, to understand the unique, shared and redundant contribution of different cognitive domains to SDMT performance using hierarchical multiple regression and commonality analysis. RESULTS Across three independent samples we provide converging strong evidence that the cognitive domains of Memory, IPS and Rapid Automatized Naming (lexical access speed) jointly and uniquely contribute to SDMT performance. CONCLUSION The SDMT measures multiple cognitive processes, which likely explains the high degree of sensitivity to cognitive change in MS. Researchers and clinicians should interpret the SDMT as a multifarious measure of general cognition rather than a specific test of IPS.
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20
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Hernández-Huerta D, Parro-Torres C, Madoz-Gúrpide A, Pérez-Elías MJ, Moreno-Guillén S, Ochoa-Mangado E. Personality and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adult patients. J Psychosom Res 2021; 144:110413. [PMID: 33711635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been able to transform HIV infection into a chronic disease. However, ART adherence remains an important barrier and personality traits have been postulated as a factor to be considered. This study aims to identify personality traits that can affect ART adherence, taking into account other potentially influencing factors. METHODS Case-control study. Controls and cases were classified using the percentage ART dispensation as recorded in the Hospital Pharmacy database. Controls were defined as people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with percentage ART dispensation during the last year >95% and cases were defined as PLWHA with percentage ART dispensation during the last year <90%. Sociodemographic, clinical parameters of HIV infection, psychopathological and neuropsychological factors were collected. Personality was assessed using the NEO PI-R Personality Inventory, questionnaire based on the Five Factor Model of Personality. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression (SPSS v.22). RESULTS 125 PLWHA were included: 79 controls and 46 cases. After adjusting for confounding variables, logistic regression analysis showed that poor adherence was associated with Neuroticism (OR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.021-1.385) and Impulsivity (N5) (OR 1.5, 95%CI: 1.066-2.163). In contrast, each additional point in Order (C2) (OR 0.8, 95%CI: 0.679-0.992) or Values (O6) (OR 0.8, 95%CI: 0.710-0.974) were associated with good ART adherence. CONCLUSIONS Personality is a variable to be considered in ART adherence. Implementation of the personality in the assessment of PLWHA helps identify those individuals potentially more likely to exhibit poorer ART adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Parro-Torres
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Madoz-Gúrpide
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Pérez-Elías
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno-Guillén
- Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Ochoa-Mangado
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRICYS), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Zeng V, Lizano P, Bolo NR, Lutz O, Brady R, Ivleva EI, Dai W, Clementz B, Tamminga C, Pearlson G, Keshavan M. Altered cerebral perfusion in bipolar disorder: A pCASL MRI study. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:130-140. [PMID: 32583570 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurovascular abnormalities are relevant to the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), which can be assessed using cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging. CBF alterations have been identified in BD, but studies to date have been small and inconclusive. We aimed to determine cortical gray matter CBF (GM-CBF) differences between BD and healthy controls (HC) and to identify relationships between CBF and clinical or cognitive measures. METHODS Cortical GM-CBF maps were generated using Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (pCASL) for 109 participants (BD, n = 61; HC, n = 48). We used SnPM13 to perform non-parametric voxel-wise two-sample t-tests comparing CBF between groups. We performed multiple linear regression to relate GM-CBF with clinical and cognitive measures. Analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons with 10,000 permutations. Significance was set at a voxel level threshold of P < .001 followed by AlphaSim cluster-wise correction of P < .05. RESULTS Compared to HCs, BD patients had greater GM-CBF in the left lateral occipital cortex, superior division and lower CBF in the right lateral occipital, angular and middle temporal gyrus. Greater GM-CBF in the left lateral occipital cortex correlated with worse working memory, verbal memory, attention and speed of processing. We found using voxel-wise regression that decreased gray matter CBF in the bilateral thalamus and cerebellum, and increased right fronto-limbic CBF were associated with worse working memory. No clusters were associated with clinical variables after FDR correction. CONCLUSIONS Cortical GM-CBF alterations are seen in BD and may be related to cognitive function, which suggest neurovascular unit dysfunction as a possible pathophysiologic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Zeng
- Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas R Bolo
- Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Lutz
- Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roscoe Brady
- Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Malpetti M, Jones PS, Tsvetanov KA, Rittman T, van Swieten JC, Borroni B, Sanchez-Valle R, Moreno F, Laforce R, Graff C, Synofzik M, Galimberti D, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Finger E, Vandenberghe R, de Mendonça A, Tagliavini F, Santana I, Ducharme S, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Levin J, Danek A, Otto M, Frisoni GB, Ghidoni R, Sorbi S, Heller C, Todd EG, Bocchetta M, Cash DM, Convery RS, Peakman G, Moore KM, Rohrer JD, Kievit RA, Rowe JB, Genfi GFI. Apathy in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia predicts cognitive decline and is driven by structural brain changes. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 17:969-983. [PMID: 33316852 PMCID: PMC8247340 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Apathy adversely affects prognosis and survival of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We test whether apathy develops in presymptomatic genetic FTD, and is associated with cognitive decline and brain atrophy. Methods Presymptomatic carriers of MAPT, GRN or C9orf72 mutations (N = 304), and relatives without mutations (N = 296) underwent clinical assessments and MRI at baseline, and annually for 2 years. Longitudinal changes in apathy, cognition, gray matter volumes, and their relationships were analyzed with latent growth curve modeling. Results Apathy severity increased over time in presymptomatic carriers, but not in non‐carriers. In presymptomatic carriers, baseline apathy predicted cognitive decline over two years, but not vice versa. Apathy progression was associated with baseline low gray matter volume in frontal and cingulate regions. Discussion Apathy is an early marker of FTD‐related changes and predicts a subsequent subclinical deterioration of cognition before dementia onset. Apathy may be a modifiable factor in those at risk of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Simon Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Rittman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Disorders Unit, Donostia Universitary Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Isabel Santana
- University Hospital of Coimbra (HUC), Neurology Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chris R Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, University of Duisburg- Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience Psychology Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Carolin Heller
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rhian S Convery
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgia Peakman
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katrina M Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Suárez L, Elangovan S, Au A. Cross‐sectional study on the relationship between music training and working memory in adults. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Suárez
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore,
| | | | - Agnes Au
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Singapore,
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24
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Conati C, Lallé S, Rahman MA, Toker D. Comparing and Combining Interaction Data and Eye-tracking Data for the Real-time Prediction of User Cognitive Abilities in Visualization Tasks. ACM T INTERACT INTEL 2020. [DOI: 10.1145/3301400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that some user cognitive abilities relevant for processing information visualizations can be predicted from eye-tracking data. Performing this type of
user modeling
is important for devising visualizations that can detect a user's abilities and adapt accordingly during the interaction. In this article, we extend previous user modeling work by investigating for the first time
interaction data
as an alternative source to predict cognitive abilities during visualization processing when it is not feasible to collect eye-tracking data. We present an extensive comparison of user models based solely on eye-tracking data, on interaction data, as well as on a combination of the two. Although we found that eye-tracking data generate the most accurate predictions, results show that interaction data can still outperform a majority-class baseline, meaning that adaptation for interactive visualizations could be enabled even when it is not feasible to perform eye tracking, using solely interaction data. Furthermore, we found that interaction data can predict several cognitive abilities with better accuracy at the very beginning of the task than eye-tracking data, which are valuable for delivering adaptation early in the task. We also extend previous work by examining the value of multimodal classifiers combining interaction data and eye-tracking data, with promising results for some of our target user cognitive abilities. Next, we contribute to previous work by extending the type of visualizations considered and the set of cognitive abilities that can be predicted from either eye-tracking data and interaction data. Finally, we evaluate how noise in gaze data impacts prediction accuracy and find that retaining rather noisy gaze datapoints can yield equal or even better predictions than discarding them, a novel and important contribution for devising adaptive visualizations in real settings where eye-tracking data are typically noisier than in laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dereck Toker
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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25
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Jiang Z, Zhang X, Lv Y, Zheng X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Jiang C, Lin G, Gu W. Preoperative Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Were Independent Risk Factors for Delayed Neurocognitive Recovery in Older Adults Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:9796419. [PMID: 32617099 PMCID: PMC7315267 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9796419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recently, it has been demonstrated that patients with subtle preexisting cognitive impairment were susceptible to delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR). This present study investigated whether preoperative alterations in gray matter volume, spontaneous activity, or functional connectivity (FC) were associated with DNR. Methods This was a nested case-control study of older adults (≥60 years) undergoing noncardiac surgery. All patients received MRI scan at least 1 day prior to surgery. Cognitive function was assessed prior to surgery and at 7-14 days postsurgery. Preoperative gray matter volume, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), and FC were compared between the DNR patients and non-DNR patients. The independent risk factors associated with DNR were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Of the 74 patients who completed assessments, 16/74 (21.6%) had DNR following surgery. There were no differences in gray matter volume between the two groups. However, the DNR patients exhibited higher preoperative ALFF in the bilateral middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and left fusiform gyrus and lower preoperative FC between the bilateral MCC and left calcarine than the non-DNR patients. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher preoperative spontaneous activity in the bilateral MCC was independently associated with a higher risk of DNR (OR = 3.11, 95% CI, 1.30-7.45; P = 0.011). A longer education duration (OR = 0.57, 95% CI, 0.41-0.81; P = 0.001) and higher preoperative FC between the bilateral MCC and left calcarine (OR = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.18-0.92; P = 0.031) were independently correlated with a lower risk of DNR. Conclusions Preoperative higher ALFF in the bilateral MCC and lower FC between the bilateral MCC and left calcarine were independently associated with the occurrence of DNR. The present fMRI study identified possible preoperative neuroimaging risk factors for DNR. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-DCD-15006096.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshun Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xixue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huibiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Chongyi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guangwu Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai 200040, China
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Abstract
This study investigated the association between processing speed and cortical morphometry in children with idiopathic epilepsies (n = 81) versus healthy controls (n = 57), age 8-18. Participants underwent 1.5 T MRI scanning and cognitive testing including assessment of psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol) at or near the time of epilepsy diagnosis. Vertex analyses of cortical volume, thickness, surface area, and local gyrification index (LGI), as well as volume-based analyses of subcortical structures and cerebellum, were used to determine the morphometric correlates of Digit Symbol performance. Group comparisons revealed that the epilepsy and control groups exhibited different patterns of morphometric association with Digit Symbol performance - controls exhibited several areas of correlation between LGI and psychomotor speed, whereas participants with focal epilepsies exhibited different areas of correlation in different directions, and participants with generalized epilepsy exhibited no correlations. The other cortical morphometric measures showed no regions of significant correlation with Digit Symbol performance. In addition, cerebellum and brain stem volumes correlated with Digit Symbol performance in the control group, but not in epilepsy patients. These results suggest that LGI analysis is able to capture nuanced relationships between features of cortical and subcortical morphology with psychomotor speed, these relationships disrupted in different ways in children with epilepsy.
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27
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Scully RR, Basner M, Nasrini J, Lam CW, Hermosillo E, Gur RC, Moore T, Alexander DJ, Satish U, Ryder VE. Effects of acute exposures to carbon dioxide on decision making and cognition in astronaut-like subjects. NPJ Microgravity 2019; 5:17. [PMID: 31240239 PMCID: PMC6584569 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-019-0071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations below those found on the International Space Station are reported to deteriorate complex decision-making. Effective decision-making is critical to human spaceflight, especially during an emergency response. Therefore, effects of acutely elevated CO2 on decision-making competency and various cognitive domains were assessed in astronaut-like subjects by the Strategic Management Simulation (SMS) and Cognition test batteries. The double-blind cross-over study included 22 participants at the Johnson Space Center randomly assigned to one of four groups. Each group was exposed to a different sequence of four concentrations of CO2 (600, 1200, 2500, 5000 ppm). Subjects performed Cognition before entering the chamber, 15 min and 2.5 h after entering the chamber, and 15 min after exiting the chamber. The SMS was administered 30 min after subjects entered the chamber. There were no clear dose–response patterns for performance on either SMS or Cognition. Performance on most SMS measures and aggregate speed, accuracy, and efficiency scores across Cognition tests were lower at 1200 ppm than at baseline (600 ppm); however, at higher CO2 concentrations performance was similar to or exceeded baseline for most measures. These outcomes, which conflict with those of other studies, likely indicate differing characteristics of the various subject populations and differences in the aggregation of unrecognized stressors, in addition to CO2, are responsible for disparate outcomes among studies. Studies with longer exposure durations are needed to verify that cognitive impairment does not develop over time in crew-like subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Scully
- 1Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences, KBRwyle, Houston, TX 77058 USA.,2Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Mathias Basner
- 3Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jad Nasrini
- 3Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Chiu-Wing Lam
- 1Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences, KBRwyle, Houston, TX 77058 USA.,2Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Emanuel Hermosillo
- 3Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- 4Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Tyler Moore
- 4Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - David J Alexander
- 5Space Medicine Operations Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Usha Satish
- 6Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Upstate Medical University State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA
| | - Valerie E Ryder
- 2Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA
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28
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Curtin A, Ayaz H, Tang Y, Sun J, Wang J, Tong S. Enhancing neural efficiency of cognitive processing speed via training and neurostimulation: An fNIRS and TMS study. Neuroimage 2019; 198:73-82. [PMID: 31078636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Speed of Processing (SoP) represents a fundamental limiting step in cognitive performance which may underlie General Intelligence. The measure of SoP is particularly sensitive to aging, neurological or cognitive diseases, and has become a benchmark for diagnosis, cognitive remediation, and enhancement. Neural efficiency of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) is proposed to account for individual differences in SoP. However, the mechanisms by which DLPFC efficiency is shaped by training and whether it can be enhanced remain elusive. To address this, we monitored the brain activity of sixteen healthy participants using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) while practicing a common SoP task (Symbol Digit Substitution Task) across 4 sessions. Furthermore, in each session, participants received counterbalanced excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) during mid-session breaks. Results indicate a significant involvement of the left-DLPFC in SoP, whose neural efficiency is consistently increased through task practice. Active neurostimulation, but not Sham, significantly enhanced the neural efficiency. These findings suggest a common mechanism by which neurostimulation may aid to accelerate learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Curtin
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Department of Family and Community Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Hwang G, Dabbs K, Conant L, Nair VA, Mathis J, Almane DN, Nencka A, Birn R, Humphries C, Raghavan M, DeYoe EA, Struck AF, Maganti R, Binder JR, Meyerand E, Prabhakaran V, Hermann B. Cognitive slowing and its underlying neurobiology in temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex 2019; 117:41-52. [PMID: 30927560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive slowing is a known but comparatively under-investigated neuropsychological complication of the epilepsies in relation to other known cognitive comorbidities such as memory, executive function and language. Here we focus on a novel metric of processing speed, characterize its relative salience compared to other cognitive difficulties in epilepsy, and explore its underlying neurobiological correlates. Research participants included 55 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 58 healthy controls from the Epilepsy Connectome Project (ECP) who were administered a battery of tests yielding 14 neuropsychological measures, including selected tests from the NIH Toolbox-Cognitive Battery, and underwent 3T MRI and resting state fMRI. TLE patients exhibited a pattern of generalized cognitive impairment with very few lateralized abnormalities. Using the neuropsychological measures, machine learning (Support Vector Machine binary classification model) classified the TLE and control groups with 74% accuracy with processing speed (NIH Toolbox Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test) the best predictor. In TLE, slower processing speed was associated predominantly with decreased local gyrification in regions including the rostral and caudal middle frontal gyrus, inferior precentral cortex, insula, inferior parietal cortex (angular and supramarginal gyri), lateral occipital cortex, rostral anterior cingulate, and medial orbital frontal regions, as well as three small regions of the temporal lobe. Slower processing speed was also associated with decreased connectivity between the primary visual cortices in both hemispheres and the left supplementary motor area, as well as between the right parieto-occipital sulcus and right middle insular area. Overall, slowed processing speed is an important cognitive comorbidity of TLE associated with altered brain structure and connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyujoon Hwang
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin Dabbs
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa Conant
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Veena A Nair
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jed Mathis
- Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dace N Almane
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Nencka
- Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rasmus Birn
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Manoj Raghavan
- Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Edgar A DeYoe
- Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aaron F Struck
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rama Maganti
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Meyerand
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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30
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Laniel P, Faci N, Plamondon R, Beauchamp MH, Gauthier B. Kinematic analysis of fast pen strokes in children with ADHD. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2019; 9:125-140. [PMID: 30724588 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2018.1550402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine whether a new measure of fine motor skills, the Pen Stroke Test (PST), can discriminate between children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twelve children with ADHD and 12 controls age 8-11 were asked to produce handwriting strokes on a digitizer. The sigma-lognormal model derived from the Kinematic Theory of rapid human movements was used to analyze the strokes. Standard measurements of fine motor skills and handwriting were also obtained. Children with ADHD demonstrated poorer motor planning (t0, D) and execution (nbLog) and greater variability in motor control (SNR/nbLog) than did controls. Parameters extracted from the PST were significantly correlated with performance on other motor and handwriting measures. This study provides preliminary evidence that the PST may be useful as a tool for rapidly detecting motor skill problems in the context of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Laniel
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadir Faci
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Réjean Plamondon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miriam H Beauchamp
- Department of psychology and Ste-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruno Gauthier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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31
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Robinson LJ, Gallagher P, Watson S, Pearce R, Finkelmeyer A, Maclachlan L, Newton JL. Impairments in cognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome are common, not related to co-morbid depression but do associate with autonomic dysfunction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210394. [PMID: 30721241 PMCID: PMC6363139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore cognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) examining two cohorts. To establish findings associated with CFS and those related to co-morbid depression or autonomic dysfunction. Methods Identification and recruitment of participants was identical in both phases, all CFS patients fulfilled Fukuda criteria. In Phase 1 (n = 48) we explored cognitive function in a heterogeneous cohort of CFS patients, investigating links with depressive symptoms (HADS). In phase 2 (n = 51 CFS & n = 20 controls) participants with co-morbid major depression were excluded (SCID). Furthermore, we investigated relationships between cognitive performance and heart rate variability (HRV). Results Cognitive performance in unselected CFS patients is in average range on most measures. However, 0–23% of the CFS sample fell below the 5th percentile. Negative correlations occurred between depressive symptoms (HAD-S) with Digit-Symbol-Coding (r = -.507, p = .006) and TMT-A (r = -.382, p = .049). In CFS without depression, impairments of cognitive performance remained with significant differences in indices of psychomotor speed (TMT-A: p = 0.027; digit-symbol substitution: p = 0.004; digit-symbol copy: p = 0.007; scanning: p = .034) Stroop test suggested differences due to processing speed rather than inhibition. Both cohorts confirmed relationships between cognitive performance and HRV (digit-symbol copy (r = .330, p = .018), digit-symbol substitution (r = .313, p = .025), colour-naming trials Stroop task (r = .279, p = .050). Conclusion Cognitive difficulties in CFS may not be as broad as suggested and may be restricted to slowing in basic processing speed. While depressive symptoms can be associated with impairments, co-morbidity with major depression is not itself responsible for reductions in cognitive performance. Impaired autonomic control of heart-rate associates with reductions in basic processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J. Robinson
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Watson
- Academic Psychiatry and Regional Affective Disorders Service Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, and Northumberland, Tyne and Wear Foundation Trust, Wolfson Research Centre, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Pearce
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Finkelmeyer
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, The Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Maclachlan
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Julia L. Newton
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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32
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Churnin I, Qazi J, Fermin CR, Wilson JH, Payne SC, Mattos JL. Association Between Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction and Cognition in Older Adults. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 33:170-177. [DOI: 10.1177/1945892418824451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The association between olfactory dysfunction (OD) and cognitive decline is becoming apparent in the emerging literature. However, the literature demonstrating a similar effect between gustatory dysfunction (GD) and cognition is not well established. Objective To determine whether OD and GD are independently associated with cognitive impairment. Methods The 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was queried for 1376 older adults, corresponding to a weighted population sample of 50 816 529, to assess olfactory and gustatory status and cognition using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. OD and GD were determined using objective measurements with validated protocols. Participants were stratified as normal or abnormal cognition status using accepted cutoff values as indicated for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological test, Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results OD was associated with both mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 1.809, P = .004) and dementia (OR 3.173, P < .001) with CERAD testing, abnormal AFT (OR 2.424, P < .001), and abnormal DSST (OR 4.028, P < .001). GD based on 1M NaCl whole mouth taste testing was associated with dementia on CERAD testing (OR 2.217, P = .004). When smell and taste parameters were included together in the regression model, both OD and GD remained significant independent predictors of dementia status based on CERAD testing (OR 3.133, P < .001, OR 1.904, P = .015). Conclusions OD and severe GD represent independent predictors of cognitive impairment in a nationally representative sample of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Churnin
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jamiluddin Qazi
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Cyrelle R. Fermin
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - James H. Wilson
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Spencer C. Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jose L. Mattos
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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33
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Cho EB, Han CE, Seo SW, Chin J, Shin JH, Cho HJ, Seok JM, Kim ST, Kim BJ, Na DL, Lee KH, Seong JK, Min JH. White Matter Network Disruption and Cognitive Dysfunction in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1104. [PMID: 30619061 PMCID: PMC6304415 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), brain involvement is common and cognitive dysfunction is frequently found. The study investigated alterations of white matter (WM) connectivity using graph theory and correlations with cognitive dysfunction in patients with NMOSD. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with NMOSD (N = 14) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (N = 21). Structural connections between any pair of the 90 cortical and subcortical regions were established using diffusion tensor imaging and graph theory. Network-based statistics was employed to assess differences in WM connectivity between the NMOSD and healthy control groups. We further investigated the relationship between the topological network characteristics and cognitive test performances. Results: WM network analysis showed decreased total strength of brain networks and two disrupted sub-networks in patients with NMOSD. The first featured six hub nodes in the rectus, hippocampus, calcarine, cuneus, and precuneus with the left-sided predominance. The second had six hub nodes in the orbitomiddle frontal, post-central, superior parietal, superior, and middle temporal, and caudate with the right-sided predominance. Compared to healthy controls, NMOSD patients showed poor performance on tests for attention/working memory and processing speed, visuospatial processing, and executive function, which were associated with significant decreases in nodal clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and regional efficiency in the disrupted sub-networks (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The data show the overall WM disruption and the relationship between poor cognitive function and sub-network alterations identified by the network analysis in NMOSD patients. We suggest that cognitive dysfunction is related to dysconnectivity of WM network including default mode network in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Cheol E Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juhee Chin
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Shin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Cho
- Department of Neurology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Myoung Seok
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Lee
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Min
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Staff RT, Hogan MJ, Williams DS, Whalley LJ. Intellectual engagement and cognitive ability in later life (the "use it or lose it" conjecture): longitudinal, prospective study. BMJ 2018; 363:k4925. [PMID: 30530522 PMCID: PMC6287118 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between intellectual engagement and cognitive ability in later life, and determine whether the maintenance of intellectual engagement will offset age related cognitive decline. DESIGN Longitudinal, prospective, observational study. SETTING Non-clinical volunteers in late middle age (all born in 1936) living independently in northeast Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Sample of 498 volunteers who had taken part in the Scottish Mental Health Survey of 1947, from one birth year (1936). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive ability and trajectory of cognitive decline in later life. Typical intellectual engagement was measured by a questionnaire, and repeated cognitive measurements of information processing speed and verbal memory were obtained over a 15 year period (recording more than 1200 longitudinal data points for each cognitive test). RESULTS Intellectual engagement was significantly associated with level of cognitive performance in later life, with each point on a 24 point scale accounting for 0.97 standardised cognitive performance (IQ-like) score, for processing speed and 0.71 points for memory (both P<0.05). Engagement in problem solving activities had the largest association with life course cognitive gains, with each point accounting for 0.43 standardised cognitive performance score, for processing speed and 0.36 points for memory (both P<0.05). However, engagement did not influence the trajectory of age related decline in cognitive performance. Engagement in intellectual stimulating activities was associated with early life ability, with correlations between engagement and childhood ability and education being 0.35 and 0.22, respectively (both P<0.01). CONCLUSION These results show that self reported engagement is not associated with the trajectory of cognitive decline in late life, but is associated with the acquisition of ability during the life course. Overall, findings suggest that high performing adults engage and those that engage more being protected from relative decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Hogan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - L J Whalley
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
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Kobayashi-Cuya KE, Sakurai R, Sakuma N, Suzuki H, Yasunaga M, Ogawa S, Takebayashi T, Fujiwara Y. Hand dexterity, not handgrip strength, is associated with executive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:192. [PMID: 30143006 PMCID: PMC6109297 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between handgrip strength, hand dexterity and global cognition is suggested; however, it is unclear whether both hand motor functions are associated with executive function, which is important for performing daily activities. Understanding this association will help identify motor risk factors for impairment of executive function in late adulthood. We aim to investigate the relationship of handgrip strength and hand dexterity with executive function in physically and mentally healthy community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Three hundred and twenty-six older adults (287 women, mean age ± SD, 70.1 ± 5.6) underwent handgrip strength and hand dexterity tests using a hand dynamometer and the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), respectively. Executive function was evaluated with the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A, TMT-B and Digit symbol; global cognition was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). RESULTS Age-group differences showed that the younger groups (60-64, 65-69 and 70-74) had a significant better PPT and executive function performance than the oldest group (75 and older), whereas no significant age differences were observed for handgrip strength. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for potential covariates, including MMSE scores, showed that TMT-A, TMT-B, and Digit symbol were significantly associated with PPT scores; however, no significant association was observed between executive function variables and handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS Hand dexterity is vulnerable to the effects of aging and, contrary to handgrip strength, it strongly associates with executive function, independent of global cognition. Our results suggest that assessing hand dexterity may help identify individuals at higher risk of impairment of executive function among high-functioning older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimi Estela Kobayashi-Cuya
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryota Sakurai
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Naoko Sakuma
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Masashi Yasunaga
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Susumu Ogawa
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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Lin T, Liu GA, Perez E, Rainer RD, Febo M, Cruz-Almeida Y, Ebner NC. Systemic Inflammation Mediates Age-Related Cognitive Deficits. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:236. [PMID: 30127734 PMCID: PMC6088306 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between systemic inflammation and cognitive deficits is well-documented. Further, previous studies have shown that systemic inflammation levels increase with age. The present study took a novel approach by examining the extent to which systemic inflammation levels mediated age-related cognitive decline. Forty-seven young and 46 older generally healthy adults completed two cognitive tasks measuring processing speed and short-term memory, respectively. Serum concentrations of three inflammatory biomarkers (including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured in each participant. Both cognitive measures showed age-related deficits. In addition, levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated with age. IL-6 partially mediated the difference in processing speed between the young and the older participant age group; there was no mediation effect for TNF-α and CRP. Considering chronological age, IL-6 partially accounted for age-related impairment in processing speed within older but not young participants. No effects were found for short-term memory. Evidence from this research supports the role of inflammatory processes in age-related cognitive decline. Processes involved in this mediation and differences in inflammatory influence on specific cognitive functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gene A Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eliany Perez
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert D Rainer
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yenisel Cruz-Almeida
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalie C Ebner
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Gaertner B, Wagner M, Luck T, Buttery AK, Fuchs J, Busch MA. Normative data for the Digit Symbol Substitution Test in a population-based sample aged 65-79 years: Results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 32:114-132. [PMID: 29911493 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1484168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide normative data for the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition (WAIS-III) in a population-based sample of community-dwelling older adults in Germany according to age, sex, and level of education. METHOD The sample comprised 1385 participants aged 65-79 years from the nationwide representative 'German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults' (DEGS1, 2008-2011). Participants with known cognitive impairment or dementia, other medical conditions affecting cognition, or currently using psychotropic drugs were excluded. Educational level was categorized as low, medium, and high according to the Comparative Analyses of Social Mobility in Industrial Nations (CASMIN) scale. Normative values for the DSST according to age, sex, and level of education were estimated by multiple linear regression using population weights. RESULTS Mean age was 71.1 years, 48.6% were men and low, medium, and high education levels were 62.8, 24.6, and 12.6%, respectively. Younger age, female sex, and higher level of education were significantly associated with higher DSST scores. Regression-based normative data for the DSST is provided according to age, sex, and level of education. In addition, a normative score calculator is provided. CONCLUSIONS These are the first age-, sex-, and education-specific normative data for older individuals for the DSST of the WAIS-III in Germany. These normative data will enable future population-level analyses on impaired cognitive function according to DSST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Gaertner
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,c German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Tobias Luck
- d Department of Economic and Social Sciences , University of Applied Sciences Nordhausen , Nordhausen , Germany
| | - Amanda K Buttery
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany.,e Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King's College London , London , UK
| | - Judith Fuchs
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany
| | - Markus A Busch
- a Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring , Robert Koch Institute , Berlin , Germany
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Hurford IM, Ventura J, Marder SR, Reise SP, Bilder RM. A 10-minute measure of global cognition: Validation of the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia (B-CATS). Schizophr Res 2018; 195:327-333. [PMID: 28918221 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is marked by a global cognitive impairment that contributes significantly to chronic disability and unemployment. As new treatments are developed for cognition in schizophrenia, clinicians require easily administered instruments to assess cognition. We previously developed a very brief cognitive battery (Bell et al., 2005). The Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool for Schizophrenia (B-CATS) was developed specifically to provide clinicians with a way to assess cognition in their patients with schizophrenia. Here, we report the results of a validity study comparing B-CATS to a larger neurocognitive battery, the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) battery. METHODS Outpatients with schizophrenia (N=91) were administered the B-CATS and the non-overlapping tests of the MATRICS battery at two time points separated by 1month. They were also administered the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B), a measure of functional capacity. RESULT The B-CATS has an administration time of approximately 10min. It demonstrates good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. It correlates 0.76 (p<0.01) with the MATRICS battery. The shorter B-CATS and the MATRICS battery correlate with the UPSA-B at 0.50 and 0.58 respectively. CONCLUSION A 10-minute version of the B-CATS correlates highly with the "gold standard" neurocognitive battery that has an administration time of over 60min. Both measures correlate moderately with a measure of functional capacity. This brief battery was designed to allow clinicians to monitor cognitive change and better inform treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Hurford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Joseph Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States
| | - Stephen R Marder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States; VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | | | - Robert M Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States; Department of Psychology, UCLA, United States
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Garcia-Ramos C, Dabbs K, Meyerand E, Prabhakaran V, Hsu D, Jones J, Seidenberg M, Hermann B. Psychomotor slowing is associated with anomalies in baseline and prospective large scale neural networks in youth with epilepsy. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:222-231. [PMID: 30035016 PMCID: PMC6051771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Psychomotor slowing is a common but understudied cognitive impairment in epilepsy. Here we test the hypothesis that psychomotor slowing is associated with alterations in brain status reflected through analysis of large scale structural networks. We test the hypothesis that children with epilepsy with cognitive slowing at diagnosis will exhibit a cross-sectional and prospective pattern of altered brain development. Methods A total of 78 children (age 8–18) with new/recent onset idiopathic epilepsies underwent 1.5 T MRI with network analysis of cortical, subcortical and cerebellar volumes. Children with epilepsy were divided into slow and fast psychomotor speed groups (adjusted for age, intelligence and epilepsy syndrome). Results At baseline, slow-speed performers (SSP) presented lower modularity, lower global efficiency, higher transitivity, and lower number of hubs than fast-speed performers (FSP). Community structure in SSP exhibited poor association between cortical regions and both subcortical structures and the cerebellum while FSP presented well-defined communities. Prospectively, SSP displayed lower modularity but higher global efficiency and transitivity compared to FSP. Modules in FSP showed higher integration between and within themselves compared to SSP. SSP showed hubs mainly from frontal and temporal regions while in FSP were spread among frontal, temporal, parietal, subcortical areas and the left cerebellum. Implications Results suggest the presence of widespread alterations in large scale networks between fast- and slow-speed children with recent onset epilepsies both at baseline and 2 years later. Slower processing speed appears to be a marker of abnormal brain development antecedent to epilepsy onset as well as brain development over the 2 years following diagnosis. Baseline: slow-speed performers (SSP) showed lower modularity and global efficiency They also showed higher transitivity but fewer hubs than fast-speed performers (FSP) Prospective: SSP showed lower modularity, harmonic mean and higher transitivity Regional volume changes seem to be occurring as one in SSP, but more modular in FSP SSP showed hubs mainly from frontal and temporal while FSP showed them widespread
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Garcia-Ramos
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA.
| | - Kevin Dabbs
- Departments of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Meyerand
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA; Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA; Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA; Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Departments of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA
| | - Jana Jones
- Departments of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA
| | - Michael Seidenberg
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Departments of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI, USA
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Sandry J, Zuppichini M, Rothberg J, Valdespino-Hayden Z, DeLuca J. Poor Encoding and Weak Early Consolidation Underlie Memory Acquisition Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: Retroactive Interference, Processing Speed, or Working Memory? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2018; 34:162-182. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sandry
- Psychology Department, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Zuppichini
- School of Behavioral & Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Rothberg
- Psychology Department, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave Montclair, NJ, USA
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Camacho A, Tarraf W, Jimenez DE, Gallo LC, Gonzalez P, Kaplan RC, Lamar M, Khambaty T, Thyagarajan B, Perreira KM, Hernandez R, Cai J, Daviglus ML, Wassertheil-Smoller S, González HM. Anxious Depression and Neurocognition among Middle-Aged and Older Hispanic/Latino Adults: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Results. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 26:238-249. [PMID: 28684241 PMCID: PMC5752627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the association between verbal learning, fluency, and processing speed with anxious depression symptomatology (ADS) among diverse Hispanics. We hypothesized an inverse association of anxious depression with neurocognition among Hispanics of different heritage. DESIGN Data are from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. The sample included 9,311participants aged 45-74 years (mean: 56.5 years). A latent class analysis of items from the Center for Epidemiological Studies for Depression scale and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to derive an anxious depression construct. Neurocognitive measures included scores on the Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT, learning and recall trials), Word Fluency (WF), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) test, and a Global Cognitive Score (GCS). We fit survey linear regression models to test the associations between anxious depression symptomatology and cognitive function. We tested for effect modification by sex, Hispanic heritage, and age groups. RESULTS Among men, 71.6% reported low, 23.3% moderate, and 5.1% high ADS. Among women, 55.1% reported low, 33.2% moderate, and 11.8% high ADS. After controlling for age, sex, sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and antidepressant use, we found significant inverse associations between moderate and high anxious depression (ref:low) with B-SEVLT learning and recall, DSS and GCS. Moderate, but not high, anxious depression was inversely associated with WF. Associations were not modified by sex, Hispanic heritage, or age. CONCLUSIONS Increased anxious depression symptomatology is associated with decreased neurocognitive function among Hispanics. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporality and infer if negative emotional symptoms precede cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Camacho
- Departments of Psychiatry, Family Medicine, and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology and Department of Healthcare Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Daniel E Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center of Aging, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Krista M Perreira
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rosalba Hernandez
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Hector M González
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Spencer RJ, Kitchen Andren KA, Rahman-Filipiak A. Incidental learning from the coding subtest of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2018; 25:5-10. [PMID: 27648779 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2016.1228637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Incidental learning (IL) measures provide complementary assessment data reflecting subconscious encoding of information using methods that differ from the procedures of many traditional memory tests. We examined the concurrent validity of an IL measure based on the coding subtest of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Participants included veterans referred for outpatient neuropsychological testing. Performance on the IL procedures correlated more strongly with memory indices than other indices on the RBANS. Patients with at least four correct responses very rarely had significant memory impairments. Thus, IL appears to contribute to the overall assessment of memory and requires little administration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Spencer
- a Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Katherine A Kitchen Andren
- a Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of Michigan Health System , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Annalise Rahman-Filipiak
- a Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of Michigan Health System , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
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Patel VP, Walker LA, Feinstein A. Deconstructing the symbol digit modalities test in multiple sclerosis: The role of memory. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 17:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Eddy CM, Cavanna AE. Set-Shifting Deficits: A Possible Neurocognitive Endophenotype for Tourette Syndrome Without ADHD. J Atten Disord 2017; 21:824-834. [PMID: 25104787 DOI: 10.1177/1087054714545536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tourette syndrome (TS) can be associated with cognitive dysfunction. We assessed a range of cognitive abilities in adults with TS without comorbid disorders. METHOD Participants completed tests of sustained attention, verbal and non-verbal reasoning, comprehension, verbal fluency, working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting. We compared patients' task performance with that of healthy controls, and evaluated relationships between cognitive abilities and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ADHD, impulse control problems, and mood disorders. RESULTS Patients with TS exhibited impairments on four measures assessing response inhibition, fine motor control, set-shifting, and sustained attention. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) discriminated best between patients and controls. Patients' deficits were not correlated with tic severity or symptoms related to OCD, ADHD, or mood disorders. CONCLUSION Deficits on the WCST could constitute a neurocognitive endophenotype for TS, reflecting dysfunction within neural networks involving basal ganglia, pre-supplementary motor area, and inferior prefrontal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Eddy
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT The Barberry, National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK.,2 University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea E Cavanna
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, BSMHFT The Barberry, National Centre for Mental Health, Birmingham, UK.,3 University College London, UK.,4 Aston University, UK
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Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Barrett J, Leach O, Buccheri S, Beetham T, Blangero J, Poldrack RA, Glahn DC. The Processing-Speed Impairment in Psychosis Is More Than Just Accelerated Aging. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:814-823. [PMID: 28062652 PMCID: PMC5472152 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Processing speed is impaired in patients with psychosis, and deteriorates as a function of normal aging. These observations, in combination with other lines of research, suggest that psychosis may be a syndrome of accelerated aging. But do patients with psychosis perform poorly on tasks of processing speed for the same reasons as older adults? Fifty-one patients with psychotic illnesses and 90 controls with similar mean IQ (aged 19-69 years, all African American) completed a computerized processing-speed task, reminiscent of the classic digit-symbol coding task. The data were analyzed using the drift-diffusion model (DDM), and Bayesian inference was used to determine whether psychosis and aging had similar or divergent effects on the DDM parameters. Psychosis and aging were both associated with poor performance, but had divergent effects on the DDM parameters. Patients had lower information-processing efficiency ("drift rate") and longer nondecision time than controls, and psychosis per se did not influence response caution. By contrast, the primary effect of aging was to increase response caution, and had inconsistent effects on drift rate and nondecision time across patients and controls. The results reveal that psychosis and aging influenced performance in different ways, suggesting that the processing-speed impairment in psychosis is more than just accelerated aging. This study also demonstrates the potential utility of computational models and Bayesian inference for finely mapping the contributions of cognitive functions on simple neurocognitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Mathias
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Emma E. M. Knowles
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | - Jennifer Barrett
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | - Olivia Leach
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
| | | | - Tamara Beetham
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX
| | | | - David. C. Glahn
- Neurocognition, Neurocomputation and Neurogenetics (n3) Division, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 40 Temple Street, Room 694, New Haven, CT 06511;,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT
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Dev SI, Nguyen TT, McKenna BS, Sutherland AN, Bartsch H, Theilmann RJ, Eyler LT. Steeper Slope of Age-Related Changes in White Matter Microstructure and Processing Speed in Bipolar Disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:744-752. [PMID: 28342644 PMCID: PMC5479871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with compromised white matter (WM) integrity and deficits in processing speed (PS). Few studies, however, have investigated age relationships with WM structure and cognition to understand possible changes in brain health over the lifespan. This investigation explored whether BD and healthy counterpart (HC) participants exhibited differential age-related associations with WM and cognition, which may be suggestive of accelerated brain and cognitive aging. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University of California San Diego and the Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System. PARTICIPANTS 33 euthymic BD and 38 HC participants. MEASUREMENTS Diffusion tensor imaging was acquired as a measure of WM integrity, and tract-specific fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted utilizing the Johns Hopkins University probability atlas. PS was assessed with the Number and Letter Sequencing conditions of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test. RESULTS BD participants demonstrated slower PS compared with the HC group, but no group differences were found in FA across tracts. Multiple linear regressions revealed a significant group-by-age interaction for the right uncinate fasciculus, the left hippocampal portion of the cingulum, and for PS, such that older age was associated with lower FA values and slower PS in the BD group only. The relationship between age and PS did not significantly change after accounting for uncinate FA, suggesting that the observed age associations occur independently. CONCLUSIONS Results provide support for future study of the accelerated aging hypothesis by identifying markers of brain health that demonstrate a differential age association in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena I. Dev
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare system, San Diego, California,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
| | - Tanya T. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego,VA San Diego Healthcare System, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, California
| | | | - Ashley N. Sutherland
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare system, San Diego, California,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare system, San Diego, California,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
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van Thriel C, Quetscher C, Pesch B, Lotz A, Lehnert M, Casjens S, Weiss T, Van Gelder R, Plitzke K, Brüning T, Beste C. Are multitasking abilities impaired in welders exposed to manganese? Translating cognitive neuroscience to neurotoxicology. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2865-2877. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Mindfulness meditation in the Israel Defense Forces: Effect on cognition and satisfaction with life–A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kertzman S, Ben-Nahum Z, Gotzlav I, Grinspan H, Birger M, Kotler M. Digit Symbol Substitution Test Performance: Sex Differences in a Hebrew-Readers' Health Population. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 103:121-30. [PMID: 17037653 DOI: 10.2466/pms.103.1.121-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Digit Symbol Substitution test is simple to administer and sensitive to individual differences related to cognitive performance. The present study evaluated sex-related differences in performance by a Hebrew reading sample. The test was administered to 275 men and 252 women (age range: 20–44 years). Hebrew women significantly scored higher than the men. Means which increased during four consecutive 30-sec. time periods of performance, was significantly greater for the women than the men. This finding indicates women were more effective on this pair-associated learning task than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semion Kertzman
- Research Unit, Beer Yakov Mental Health Center, Ramla, Israel.
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Bates MN, Reed BR, Liu S, Eisen EA, Hammond SK. Solvent exposure and cognitive function in automotive technicians. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:22-30. [PMID: 27545874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Automotive technicians are commonly exposed to organic and chlorinated solvents, particularly through use of cleaning products. Occupational solvent exposures have been associated with deficits in cognitive function but, to our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated automotive technicians. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether previous exposures to n-hexane, in particular, or general solvents posed a persistent neurotoxic hazard to automotive workers. Enrolled in the study were 830 San Francisco Bay Area automotive repair workers. Each participant underwent a battery of cognitive function tests to investigate central nervous system impairment, with a primary focus on the domains of psychomotor speed, fine motor function, memory and mood. Cognitive test results regressed against estimated hexane and total solvent exposures showed little evidence of associations. Exposures to both solvents and hexane were well below the occupational exposure limits. Our results provide some reassurance about persistent neuropsychological effects in automotive workers who use solvent-based products and those who previously used hexane-containing automotive cleaning products, since this solvent is believed no longer to be used in automotive cleaning products. The lack of observed effect in this study may be attributable to low exposures, or it may reflect improved cognitive function since hexane use in automotive cleaning products was discontinued. However, impacts on results of exposure misclassification and/or the healthy worker survivor effect cannot be discounted. Irrespective of the outcome of this study, the main known neurologic effect of n-hexane is peripheral neuropathy, and such an association in automotive technicians is not excluded by these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Bates
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Bruce R Reed
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sa Liu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ellen A Eisen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S Katharine Hammond
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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