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Goldberg I, Sherwood P, Sereika SM, Donovan HS, Weimer J, Drappatz J, Boele F, Shi X, Loughan A. Predictors of Healthcare Utilization in Family Caregivers of Persons With a Primary Malignant Brain Tumor. J Neurosci Nurs 2023; 55:222-227. [PMID: 37782769 PMCID: PMC10754244 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Negative physical health results from the emotional stress of providing care to a family member with a primary malignant brain tumor; however, the downstream effects on caregivers' healthcare utilization (HCU) are unknown. This analysis examined associations between caregivers' emotional health and markers of HCU during the 6 months after patients' diagnoses. METHODS: Caregivers' self-report HCU data from a longitudinal study with 116 neuro-oncology caregivers were analyzed. Healthcare utilization was operationalized as number of prescription medications, reporting visits to primary care providers (PCPs), nature of PCP visit, number of comorbid conditions, and change in comorbid conditions. Potential predictors were caregivers' depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), hours providing care per day, mastery (Pearlin and Schooler), and burden (Caregiver Reaction Assessment). Logistic mixed effects modeling were used. RESULTS : Caregivers with higher levels of depressive symptoms ( P < .01), anxiety ( P = .02), burden related to schedule ( P = .02), and abandonment ( P < .01) were more likely to report worsening comorbid conditions. Those with higher mastery ( P = .02) were less likely to report worsening comorbid conditions. Caregivers who had a PCP visit and reported higher burden related to feelings of self-esteem ( P = .03) were more likely to report an illness-related visit. CONCLUSION : Findings suggest a relationship between neuro-oncology caregivers' emotional health and their HCU. Data highlight the importance of caregivers' PCPs identifying caregivers at risk for deteriorating health and increased HCU and intervene to ensure caregivers' self-care.
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Horner FS, Helgeson VS, Korytkowski MT. Links of positive affect and stress to HbA1c: a prospective longitudinal study. J Behav Med 2023; 46:849-859. [PMID: 37071343 PMCID: PMC10111289 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
While affect is linked to a number of diabetes outcomes, the specific role of positive affect (PA) in HbA1c remains unclear. The present study examined whether PA prospectively predicted lower HbA1c among adults with type 2 diabetes and whether this relation was moderated by stress. Participants were 123 adults (44.7% female; 60.2% White, 39.8% Black) recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Perceived stress, diabetes-specific distress, and PA were assessed at baseline; HbA1c was assessed at baseline (T1), six months (T2), and five years (T3). PA was cross-sectionally associated with lower HbA1c at T1 and prospectively predicted lower HbA1c at T3. PA interacted with both measures of T1 stress to predict T1 HbA1c, and PA interacted with T3 perceived stress to predict T3 HbA1c. Interactions were consistent with stress buffering. Sensitivity analyses attentuated findings, but robust evidence remained for PA as a protective factor for blood glucose five years later and for a stress-buffering effect of PA on diabetes-specific distress. Findings suggest PA may be a clinically useful indicator among adults with type 2 diabetes and may be particularly important for those experiencing the greatest stress from their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona S Horner
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Vicki S Helgeson
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mary T Korytkowski
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
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3
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Zajdel M, Naqvi JB, Niezink NMD, Helgeson VS. Links of daily shared appraisal and collaboration to support, mood, and self-care in type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2023; 40:1961-1986. [PMID: 37701461 PMCID: PMC10495087 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221135873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Research has increasingly recognized the links of communal coping-a shared appraisal of a stressor and collaborative action to manage it-to positive adjustment outcomes in chronic illness. However, past literature rarely examines if these two components have unique links to relationship and health outcomes, if one component is more strongly linked than the other component to these outcomes, or if the two components interact to influence outcomes. Additionally, the impact of shared appraisal and collaboration may depend on the source-the patient or the romantic partner. In a study of 200 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and their spouses, daily reports of shared appraisal and collaboration, mood, support interactions, and patient self-care were collected over 14 consecutive days. Multi-level modeling showed that both patient and spouse reports of shared appraisal and collaboration were linked independently to support interactions and better mood for patients and spouses, while collaboration alone was linked to self-care. Further, collaboration was generally more strongly linked to behavioral outcomes-support and self-care-than shared appraisal, while links to mood were similar for shared appraisal and collaboration. Shared appraisal and collaboration also interacted such that shared appraisal was particularly beneficial for those who reported low collaboration. Finally, results suggested one's own reports of shared appraisal and collaboration were more strongly linked to outcomes than partner reports. Overall, these findings demonstrate unique impacts of daily shared appraisal and collaboration on adjustment to chronic illness for patients and spouses.
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4
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O' Riordan A, Young DA, Ginty AT. Disordered eating is associated with blunted blood pressure reactivity and poorer habituation to acute psychological stress. Biol Psychol 2023; 179:108553. [PMID: 37028794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress has been shown to influence the development and progression of disordered eating. Psychophysiological studies have reported that individuals with disordered eating behavior exhibit atypical cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress. However, prior studies have been limited by small sample sizes and have examined cardiovascular responses to a singular stress exposure. The current study examined the association between disordered eating and cardiovascular reactivity, as well as cardiovascular habituation to acute psychological stress. A mixed-sex sample (N = 450) of undergraduate students were categorized into a disordered eating or non-disordered eating group using a validated disordered eating screening questionnaire and attended a laboratory stress testing session. The testing session included two identical stress-testing protocols, each consisting of a 10-minute baseline and 4-minute stress task. Cardiovascular parameters including heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded throughout the testing session. Post task measures of self-reported stress, as well as positive affect and negative affect (NA) reactivity were used to assess psychological reactions to stress. The disordered eating group exhibited greater increases in NA reactivity in response to both stress exposures. Additionally, in comparison to the control group, those in the disordered eating group exhibited blunted MAP reactivity to the initial stress exposure and less MAP habituation across both stress exposures. These findings indicate that disordered eating is characterized by dysregulated hemodynamic stress responsivity, which may constitute a physiological mechanism leading to poor physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O' Riordan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States.
| | - Danielle A Young
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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5
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Kraft-Feil TL, Ingram RE, Gorey C, Luu JH, Cross MP, Pressman SD. The association of negative mood with automatic and effortful facial expression mimicry. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1056535. [PMID: 37168433 PMCID: PMC10165095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1056535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural process of mimicking the facial expressions of others is well established, as are the deficits in this reflexive behavior for individuals with clinical disorders such as depression. This study examines the extent of this deficit in non-clinical individuals with high transient negative mood, and whether it extends to both automatic and effortful emotion expression behavior. One hundred and thirty-six participants were shown happy, sad, and neutral faces, while electromyography (EMG) recorded facial muscle responses. Automatic (reflexive) mimicry was assessed while participants simply viewed facially expressive photographs, while effortful mimicry was monitored when individuals were told to intentionally copy the expressions in the photographs. Results indicated that high levels of negative mood were primarily associated with deficits in effortful mimicry of happy expressions, although some similar evidence was found in automatic mimicry of happy faces. Surprisingly, there were also ties between negative moods and inaccuracies in effortful mimicry of sad expressions (but not automatic mimicry). Inaccurate automatic and effortful mimicry were also tied with lower self-reported social support and greater loneliness. These results indicate that even in healthy individuals, transient and minor changes in negative mood are tied to deficiencies in facial mimicry at both the automatic and effortful level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Kraft-Feil
- CHI St. Alexius Health, Bismarck, ND, United States
- *Correspondence: Tara L. Kraft-Feil,
| | - Rick E. Ingram
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Claire Gorey
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jazlyn H. Luu
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Marie P. Cross
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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6
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Venkatesh H, Osorno AM, Boehm JK, Jenkins BN. Resilience factors during the Coronavirus pandemic: Testing the main effect and stress buffering models of optimism and positive affect with mental and physical health. J Health Psychol 2022; 28:405-416. [PMID: 36047036 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221120340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates associations between resilience factors (optimism and positive affect) and self-rated health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal data were collected (N = 292) across five assessments. Multilevel modeling tested main effects of the resilience factors and how they interacted with stress to predict health. Greater optimism and positive affect were prospectively associated with fewer depressive symptoms (ps < 0.01) and a lower burden of physical health symptoms (ps <0.01). Positive affect interacted with stress to predict depressive symptoms (p < 0.05), suggesting a stress buffering effect. These findings suggest that resilience factors may improve health during COVID-19.
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7
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Wiley CR, Blevins KM, Cohen S, Pressman SD. Do Positive Psychological Factors Equally Predict Resistance to Upper Respiratory Infections in African and European Americans? Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1509-1521. [PMID: 35981330 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221083322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has consistently shown that positive psychological constructs are linked to better physical health, but few studies have examined the role that race plays in this connection. We explored whether positive self-evaluations were equally protective against upper respiratory infection for 271 African American adults and 700 European American adults in a series of virus-exposure studies. Participants were assessed at baseline for psychological functioning and physical health, quarantined and exposed experimentally to a respiratory virus, and then monitored for infection and symptoms. Regression analyses revealed significant interactions between race and multiple positive psychological factors; several factors that were helpful to European Americans were unhelpful or even harmful to African Americans. Building on past work showing cross-cultural variation in the health correlates of affect, this study provides evidence that the health benefits of positive psychological constructs may not be universal and points to the need to explore factors that underpin these observed differential patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R Wiley
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Kennedy M Blevins
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
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8
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Acevedo AM, Leger KA, Jenkins BN, Pressman SD. Keep calm or get excited? Examining the effects of different types of positive affect on responses to acute pain. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1858338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Acevedo
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kate A. Leger
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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9
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Na M, Dou N, Liao Y, Rincon SJ, Francis LA, Graham-Engeland JE, Murray-Kolb LE, Li R. Daily Food Insecurity Predicts Lower Positive and Higher Negative Affect: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:790519. [PMID: 35399670 PMCID: PMC8990300 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.790519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI) is a dynamic phenomenon, and its association with daily affect is unknown. We explored the association between daily FI and affect among low-income adults during a 2-seasonal-month period that covered days both pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 29 healthy low-income adults were recruited during fall in 2019 or 2020, 25 of whom were followed in winter in 2020 or 2021. Daily FI (measured once daily) and affect (measured 5 times daily) were collected over the 2nd−4th week in each month. Time-Varying-Effect-Models were used to estimate the association between daily FI and positive/negative affect (PA/NA). Overall, 902 person-days of daily-level data were collected. Daily FI was associated with lower PA in the 3rd and 4th week of fall and winter and with higher NA in the second half of winter months. Similar patterns of FI-affect relations were found pre- and during COVID-19 in the second half of a given month, while unique patterns of positive affect scores in the 2nd week and negative scores in the 1st week were only observed during COVID days. Our study supports a time-varying association between FI and affect in low-income adults. Future large studies are needed to verify the findings; ultimately, better understanding such associations may help identify, target, and intervene in food insecure adults to prevent adverse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Na
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nan Dou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Yujie Liao
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sara Jimenez Rincon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Lori A Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer E Graham-Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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10
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Boele FW, Weimer JM, Marsland AL, Armstrong TS, Given CW, Drappatz J, Donovan HS, Sherwood PR. The effects of SmartCare © on neuro-oncology family caregivers' distress: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:2059-2068. [PMID: 34655326 PMCID: PMC10411320 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with primary malignant brain tumors have high symptom burden and commonly rely on family caregivers for practical and emotional support. This can lead to negative mental and physical consequences for caregivers. We investigated effectiveness of an 8-week nurse-led online needs-based support program (SmartCare©) with and without online self-guided cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression compared to enhanced care as usual (ECAU) on depressive symptoms, caregiving-specific distress, anxiety, mastery, and burden. METHODS Family caregivers scoring ≥ 6 on a depressive symptoms inventory were randomized to three groups: ECAU plus self-guided CBT and SmartCare©; ECAU plus SmartCare©; ECAU only. Primary outcomes (depressive symptoms; caregiving-specific distress) and secondary outcomes (anxiety, caregiver mastery, and caregiver burden) were assessed online. Intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses of covariance corrected for baseline scores were performed for outcomes at 4 months. RESULTS In total, 120 family caregivers participated. Accrual and CBT engagement were lower than expected, therefore intervention groups were combined (n = 80) and compared to ECAU (n = 40). For depressive symptoms, no statistically significant group differences were found. Caregiving-specific distress decreased in the intervention group compared with ECAU (ITT: p = 0.01, partial ɳ2 = 0.08; PP: p = 0.02, partial ɳ2 = 0.08). A trend towards improvement in mastery for the intervention group compared with ECAU was identified (ITT: p = 0.08, partial ɳ2 = 0.04; PP: p = 0.07, partial ɳ2 = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SmartCare©, with or without self-guided CBT, reduced caregiving-specific distress with a trend towards improving mastery. SmartCare© has the potential to improve the lives of families coping with a brain tumor diagnosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02058745; 10 February 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien W Boele
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research At St James's, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Jason M Weimer
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 336 Victoria Bldg., 3500 Victoria St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Anna L Marsland
- School of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3490 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles W Given
- College of Nursing C346 Life Sciences Bldg, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue St East, Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Heidi S Donovan
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 336 Victoria Bldg., 3500 Victoria St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 415 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Paula R Sherwood
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 336 Victoria Bldg., 3500 Victoria St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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11
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Jenkins BN, Cross MP, Donaldson CD, Pressman SD, Fortier MA, Kain ZN, Cohen S, Martin LT, Farkas G. The subcomponents of affect scale (SAS): validating a widely used affect scale. Psychol Health 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34846253 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for a brief affect scale that also encompasses different components of affect relevant for researchers interested in physiological and health outcomes. The Subcomponents of Affect Scale (SAS) meets this need. This 18-item scale has nine positive and nine negative affect items encompassing six subscales (calm, well-being, vigour, depression, anxiety, anger). Previous research using the SAS has demonstrated its predictive validity, but no work has tested its subscale structure or longitudinal validity. DESIGN Data from the Common Cold Project in which individuals (N = 610) completed the SAS over the course of seven days were used. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the reliability of the subscale structure of the SAS across seven days (positive affect subscale structure: CFIs ≥ 0.98; negative affect subscale structure: CFIs ≥ 0.94 with day 6 CFI = 0.91) and tests of factorial invariance showed the scale is valid to use over time. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the psychometric validity of the subscale structure of the SAS and imply that the subscales can be used longitudinally, allowing for its use in health research as well as non-health research that can benefit from its subscale structure and longitudinal capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.,Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marie P Cross
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Candice D Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.,Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Fortier
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Psychology, CHOC Children's, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Zeev N Kain
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, CHOC Children's, Orange, CA, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Logan T Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - George Farkas
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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12
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Ahmad M, Tyra AT, Ginty AT, Brindle RC. Trait neuroticism does not relate to cardiovascular reactivity or habituation to repeated acute psychosocial stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 165:112-120. [PMID: 33915234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with adverse cardiovascular health. Adverse cardiovascular health outcomes have also been linked to cardiovascular reactivity and cardiovascular reactivity habituation to acute psychosocial stress. As such, cardiovascular stress reactivity and habituation may be a factor in the association between neuroticism and disease risk. However, studies of the relationship between neuroticism and cardiovascular reactivity have produced mixed results. Moreover, the relationships between neuroticism, cardiovascular reactivity habituation, and general affect across a repeated stress paradigm have not been examined. The present study aimed to assess the relationships between neuroticism, positive and negative affect, and cardiovascular reactivity and habituation to acute psychosocial stress in a large, demographically diverse sample. Participants (N = 426) completed two 4-min mental arithmetic stressors, each with a separate baseline, in a single laboratory session while having discrete blood pressure and heart rate measurements taken. State positive and negative affect were measured immediately following informed consent, after receiving task instructions, and after each stress task. Trait neuroticism was measured using the Big Five Inventory. Each stress task elicited significant cardiovascular changes. Trait neuroticism was not significantly associated with cardiovascular reactivity or cardiovascular reactivity habituation, within or across stress tasks (all p's > 0.12). Across the entire study protocol, neuroticism was significantly related to lower positive affect and higher negative affect (both p's < 0.001). Trait neuroticism did not relate to stress-related cardiovascular adjustments but might confer a predisposition toward high negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midha Ahmad
- Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Annie T Ginty
- Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Ryan C Brindle
- Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA, United States of America.
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13
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Ginty AT, Tyra AT, Young DA, John-Henderson NA, Gallagher S, Tsang JAC. State gratitude is associated with lower cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress: A replication and extension. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:238-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Gump BB, Hruska B, Pressman SD, Park A, Bendinskas KG. Vacation's lingering benefits, but only for those with low stress jobs. Psychol Health 2020; 36:895-912. [PMID: 32877234 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1814958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacationing provides potential recovery from work stress and is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This study considered psychological variables that might change as a vacation is approaching (fade-in) or after a vacation ends (fade-out) and how these associations might vary as a function of ongoing work stress. Methods: Sixty workers eligible for paid time off were recruited from the community. Multiple assessments occurred during an 8- to 10-week period spanning the period before and after a vacation. A piecewise random coefficient model compared changes over time (slopes) for pre- and post-vacation periods. Outcomes included affect, aggression, social support, and work stress. Results: Hostile affect, negative affect, stress, and physical aggression all declined significantly during the post-vacation period (relative to no change during the pre-vacation period). In addition, these changes in pre- versus post-vacation periods differed as a function of work stress, with some vacation benefits observed specifically among workers with low work stress. Conclusions: Findings indicate that vacations produced psychological benefits that persist beyond the vacation period. Vacation-associated benefits may serve as mechanisms underlying associations between vacations and slow developing disease. However, work stress appears to spillover and can thereby undermine a vacation's fade-in and fade-out benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks B Gump
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bryce Hruska
- Department of Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kestutis G Bendinskas
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College at Oswego, Oswego, NY, USA
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15
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Fritz HL. Coping with caregiving: Humor styles and health outcomes among parents of children with disabilities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 104:103700. [PMID: 32497974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with developmental disabilities experience greater stress and worse mental and physical health outcomes than parents of typically developing children. The use of various humor styles to cope with stressors has been associated with mental and, to a lesser extent, physical health outcomes in other populations, but has not been previously examined among parents of children with disabilities. AIMS To examine relations of adaptive vs. maladaptive humor styles with depression, daily affect, mental and physical functioning, somatic symptoms, and health behaviors, and to examine whether social support or positive reappraisal mediate relations of humor with health outcomes. METHOD 80 parents of children with disabilities completed online surveys at T1. 40 parents completed T2 surveys 4 months later. RESULTS As predicted, the adaptive humor styles - self-enhancing and affiliative - were associated with enhanced mental health outcomes, and these relations were mediated by social support and, to a lesser extent, positive reappraisal. Self-defeating humor was associated with worse mental health, greater symptoms, and worse health behavior; these relations were mediated by social support. CONCLUSION Adaptive humor use may facilitate caregivers' ability to garner support from others and reframe stressors, which ultimately may contribute to mental and physical resilience to stress.
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Fritz HL. Why are humor styles associated with well-being, and does social competence matter? Examining relations to psychological and physical well-being, reappraisal, and social support. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Helgeson VS, Van Vleet M, Zajdel M. Diabetes stress and health: Is aging a strength or a vulnerability? J Behav Med 2019; 43:426-436. [PMID: 31728816 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to examine (1) relations of diabetes stress to psychological well-being and health, (2) links of age to such outcomes and (3) the extent to which age moderated relations from diabetes stress to outcomes. These aims were addressed in a diverse community sample of 207 individuals recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, employing survey and daily diary methods. Participants reported age, diabetes distress, and psychological distress at baseline and 6 months later. Glycemic control also was assessed. Participants completed a 14-day daily diary protocol in which they reported daily diabetes stressors, mood, and self-care. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal results showed diabetes distress was associated with poorer outcomes. Daily diary data showed that individuals who reported more daily diabetes stressors reported poorer outcomes. Older age was linked to less psychological distress, but was unrelated to daily diabetes stressors. Older age attenuated relations of diabetes distress to outcomes.
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Choi J, Son YJ, Tate JA. Exploring positive aspects of caregiving in family caregivers of adult ICU survivors from ICU to four months post-ICU discharge. Heart Lung 2019; 48:553-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Trumpff C, Marsland AL, Sloan RP, Kaufman BA, Picard M. Predictors of ccf-mtDNA reactivity to acute psychological stress identified using machine learning classifiers: A proof-of-concept. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:82-92. [PMID: 31112904 PMCID: PMC6637411 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously found that acute psychological stress may affect mitochondria and trigger an increase in serum mitochondrial DNA, known as circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA). Similar to other stress reactivity measures, there are substantial unexplained inter-individual differences in the magnitude of ccf-mtDNA reactivity, as well as within-person differences across different occasions of testing. Here, we sought to identify psychological and physiological predictors of ccf-mtDNA reactivity using machine learning-based multivariate classifiers. METHOD We used data from serum ccf-mtDNA concentration measured pre- and post-stress in 46 healthy midlife adults tested on two separate occasions. To identify variables predicting the magnitude of ccf-mtDNA reactivity, two multivariate classification models, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF), were trained to discriminate between high and low ccf-mtDNA responders. Potential predictors used in the models included state variables such as physiological measures and affective states, and trait variables such as sex and personality measures. Variables identified across both models were considered to be predictors of ccf-mtDNA reactivity and selected for downstream analyses. RESULTS Identified predictors were significantly enriched for state over trait measures (X2 = 7.03; p = 0.008) and for physiological over psychological measures (X2 = 4.36; p = 0.04). High responders were more likely to be male (X2 = 26.95; p < 0.001) and differed from low-responders on baseline cardiovascular and autonomic measures, and on stress-induced reduction in fatigue (Cohen's d = 0.38-0.73). These group-level findings also accurately accounted for within-person differences in 90% of cases. CONCLUSION These results suggest that acute cardiovascular and psychological indices, rather than stable individual traits, predict stress-induced ccf-mtDNA reactivity. This work provides a proof-of-concept that machine learning approaches can be used to explore determinants of inter-individual and within-person differences in stress psychophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Richard P Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Boele FW, Terhorst L, Prince J, Donovan HS, Weimer J, Sherwood PR, Lieberman FS, Drappatz J. Psychometric Evaluation of the Caregiver Needs Screen in Neuro-Oncology Family Caregivers. J Nurs Meas 2019; 27:162-176. [PMID: 31511403 DOI: 10.1891/1061-3749.27.2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The informal care demands of primary malignant brain tumor (PMBT) patients include unique issues associated with neurological and cognitive symptoms. Existing caregiver needs questionnaires do not include these disease-specific symptoms, which are particularly distressing. Therefore, we have developed the neuro-oncology Caregiver Needs Screen (CNS) and evaluated its psychometric properties. METHODS The 32-item instrument was developed based on PMBT caregiver interviews (N = 109) and expert review. The CNS was tested along measures of depression, anxiety, burden, and mastery in 122 PMBT caregivers. Principal components analysis was used to examine item properties and internal structure. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity were assessed. RESULTS Six subscales were identified with internal consistency ranging between alpha = .653 and .857. Convergent validity was verified by moderate/high correlations between measures of caregiver well-being and CNS scale scores. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary evidence of reliability and validity for the CNS. This instrument can be useful when assessing caregivers' needs for supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien W Boele
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute for Medical Research at St James's & Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Terhorst
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Occupational Therapy
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank S Lieberman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh
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Trumpff C, Marsland AL, Basualto-Alarcón C, Martin JL, Carroll JE, Sturm G, Vincent AE, Mosharov EV, Gu Z, Kaufman BA, Picard M. Acute psychological stress increases serum circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:268-276. [PMID: 31029929 PMCID: PMC6589121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic biological mechanisms transduce psychological stress into physiological adaptation that requires energy, but the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in this process has not been defined in humans. Here, we show that similar to physical injury, exposure to psychological stress increases serum circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels. Healthy midlife adults exposed on two separate occasions to a brief psychological challenge exhibited a 2-3-fold increase in ccf-mtDNA, with no change in ccf-nuclear DNA levels, establishing the magnitude and specificity for ccf-mtDNA reactivity. In cell-based studies, we show that glucocorticoid signaling - a consequence of psychological stress in humans - is sufficient to induce mtDNA extrusion in a time frame consistent with stress-induced ccf-mtDNA increase. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that acute psychological stress induces ccf-mtDNA and implicate neuroendocrine signaling as a potential trigger for ccf-mtDNA release. Further controlled work is needed to confirm that observed increases in ccf-mtDNA result from stress exposure and to determine the functional significance of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Anatomy and Legal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James L Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Fritz HL, Gallagher BP. Three dimensions of desirability of control: divergent relations with psychological and physical well-being. Psychol Health 2019; 35:210-238. [PMID: 31321993 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1638512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine unique relations of three distinct dimensions of desirability of control with psychological and physical well-being and coping. Design: Study 1 (n = 122) surveyed undergraduates' response to everyday stressors, and Study 2 (n = 105) examined undergraduates' adjustment to the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks at 1 and 3 months post-attack. Main outcome measures included psychological distress, perceived stress, rumination, health behaviors, alcohol use and active vs. avoidant coping. Study 1 Results: Self- and other-control were associated with active coping, whereas relinquishing control was linked with avoidant coping. Only relinquishing control was uniquely linked with outcomes, including worse psychological and physical well-being and alcohol use; avoidant coping mediated relations to psychological well-being. Study 2 Results: Again, self-control was associated with active coping whereas relinquishing control was linked with avoidant coping. Self-control was associated with enhanced psychological well-being at T1 and increases in well-being over time; by contrast, relinquishing control was associated with worse T1 psychological well-being, which was mediated by avoidant coping. Conclusion: This is the first study to examine the unique contribution of each DOC dimension with outcomes. Self-control and relinquishing control showed divergent relations to psychological well-being, mediated by different coping pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Fritz
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | - Brendan P Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Proffitt T, Menzies V. Relationship of symptoms associated with ICU-survivorship: An integrative literature review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2019; 53:60-67. [PMID: 30878537 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of adults who survive a critical illness involving admission to an intensive care unit is increasing. These survivors have an increased risk of developing impairments in cognition, physical function and psychological health. OBJECTIVE This integrative literature review examined the literature for studies exploring the relationships among two or more of the variables of interest, i.e. cognitive, physical, and psychological symptoms (depressive, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress) in intensive care unit survivors post-hospital discharge. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINHAL and PsycINFO databases. FINDINGS While all 13 studies included in the review explored some aspect of a relationship among the variables of interest, none explored associations among all three variables. Five studies explored physical function and psychological symptoms, four studies explored cognitive impairment and psychological symptoms and five studies explored the association among different psychological symptoms. Inconsistencies were found in the study designs, follow-up time frames, patient populations and measures used. CONCLUSIONS Further research using well-designed methodologies and standardized instruments is warranted. Gaining a better understanding of the relationships among these impairments has the potential to contribute to the development of screening guidelines, preventative strategies, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracye Proffitt
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, 1100 East Leigh Street, Box 980567, Richmond, VA 23298-0567, United States.
| | - Victoria Menzies
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, 1100 East Leigh Street, Box 980567, Richmond, VA 23298-0567, United States
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John-Henderson NA, Counts CJ, Sanders CS, Ginty AT. Diminished cardiovascular stress reactivity is associated with lower levels of social participation. J Psychosom Res 2019; 118:12-16. [PMID: 30782348 PMCID: PMC6383777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diminished cardiac reactions to acute psychological stress are associated with adverse behavioral and health-relevant outcomes. It has been proposed that diminished cardiac reactivity may be a marker for deficits in motivational functioning both at the biological and behavioral levels. Social participation reflects the frequency with which individuals participate in social events and has motivational components. As such, it is a distinct construct from other constructs such as social integration, which measures the number of social roles an individual has. Additionally, lower levels of social participation and diminished reactivity have been associated with similar adverse health outcomes. Therefore, it is possible that diminished cardiac reactivity is associated with lower levels of social participation. We aimed to examine whether diminished cardiovascular reactivity in response to an acute lab stressor was associated with reported social participation. The analyses were conducted using publicly available data from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3 (PCS3). The PCS3 was a prospective viral-challenge study, which included participants completing an in-lab social evaluative stressor (N = 202, Age = M = 29.71, SD = 10.66) and measuring cardiovascular responses at baseline and in response to the stressor. Separate regression analyses for each cardiovascular variable (SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR) demonstrated that lower cardiovascular reactivity was associated with less social participation. These associations were still evident following adjustment for respective baseline cardiovascular levels, age, sex, race, depressive symptomology, body mass index, socioeconomic status, smoking status, and levels of social integration (R2 changes: ≥ 0.017; ps ≤ 0.02) The findings provide initial evidence that blunted cardiac reactivity may be a precursor to low levels of social participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory J Counts
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, United States
| | | | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, United States
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Pressman SD, Jenkins BN, Moskowitz JT. Positive Affect and Health: What Do We Know and Where Next Should We Go? Annu Rev Psychol 2019; 70:627-650. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Positive affect (PA) is associated with better health across a wide range of physical health outcomes. This review reflects on why the study of PA is an essential component of our understanding of physical health and expands on pathways that connect these two variables. To encourage forward movement in this burgeoning research area, measurement and design issues in the study of PA and health are discussed, as are the connections between PA and a range of different health outcomes. Plausible biological, social, and behavioral pathways that allow for positive feelings to get under the skin and influence physical wellness are detailed and framed in the context of several theoretical models. Finally, new directions for the field and important methodological and interpretative considerations that are essential to moving this important research area forward are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Brooke N. Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Judith T. Moskowitz
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Sławińska M, Stolarski M, Jankowski KS. Effects of chronotype and time of day on mood responses to CrossFit training. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:237-249. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1531016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Murphy MLM, Janicki-Deverts D, Cohen S. Receiving a hug is associated with the attenuation of negative mood that occurs on days with interpersonal conflict. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203522. [PMID: 30281606 PMCID: PMC6169869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal touch is emerging as an important topic in the study of adult relationships, with recent research showing that such behaviors can promote better relationship functioning and individual well-being. This investigation considers whether being hugged is associated with reduced conflict-related decreases in positive affect and increases in negative affect as well as whether these associations differ between women and men. A sample of 404 adults were interviewed every night for 14 consecutive days about their conflicts, hug receipt, and positive and negative affect. Results indicated that there was an interaction between hug receipt and conflict exposure such that receiving a hug was associated with a smaller conflict-related decrease in positive affect and a smaller conflict-related increase in negative affect when assessed concurrently. Hug receipt was also prospectively associated with a smaller conflict-related increase in next day negative affect but was not associated with next day positive affect. Associations between hug receipt and conflict-related changes in affect did not differ between women and men, between individuals who were married or in a marital-like relationship and those who were not, or as a function of individual differences in baseline perceived social support. While correlational, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that hugs buffer against deleterious changes in affect associated with experiencing interpersonal conflict. Possible mechanisms through which hugs facilitate positive adaptation to conflict are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. M. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Denise Janicki-Deverts
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Lillis TA, Hamilton NA, Pressman SD, Ziadni MS, Khou CS, Boddy LE, Wagner LM. Sleep quality buffers the effects of negative social interactions on maternal mood in the 3-6 month postpartum period: a daily diary study. J Behav Med 2018; 41:733-746. [PMID: 30191435 PMCID: PMC6404752 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep and social relationships are two key determinants of psychosocial health that undergo considerable change across the transition to motherhood. The current study investigated the bidirectional relationship between daytime Positive and Negative Social Interactions (PSIs & NSIs) and nighttime sleep quality on maternal mood across 1 week in the 3-6 month postpartum period. Sixty healthy, non-depressed first-time mothers completed 7-consecutive days of daily social interaction and sleep diaries. Results indicated that higher than average sleep quality buffered the effect of higher than average NSIs on maternal mood (i.e., buffered mood reactivity) and appeared to promote mood recovery following a particularly "bad day" (i.e., higher than average NSIs). In addition, although PSIs were more common than NSIs overall, the most frequent and positively rated PSIs were with baby as were the most frequent and negatively rated NSIs. To our knowledge, our results are the first to characterize the impact of PSIs on postpartum maternal mood, assess maternal-infant social interactions in daily diary study of postpartum social relationships, and demonstrate the role that maternal sleep quality plays in social discord-related mood reactivity and mood recovery processes in the 3-6 month postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Lillis
- Department Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd., Ste. 400, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Nancy A Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Room 426, Lawrence, KS, 6604, USA
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- University of California Irvine, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Maisa S Ziadni
- Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University, Ste. 200, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Christina S Khou
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Room 426, Lawrence, KS, 6604, USA
| | - Lauren E Boddy
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Room 426, Lawrence, KS, 6604, USA
| | - Linzy M Wagner
- Department Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Blvd., Ste. 400, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Graham-Engeland JE, Song S, Mathur A, Wagstaff DA, Klein LC, Whetzel C, Ayoub WT. Emotional State Can Affect Inflammatory Responses to Pain Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Preliminary Findings. Psychol Rep 2018; 122:2026-2049. [PMID: 30189801 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118796655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In a novel pilot study, we investigated how emotional state is related to inflammatory responses to acute pain among women with rheumatoid arthritis. Nine women completed four 5-hour visits that varied only by manipulation of emotion (anger, sadness, happiness, vs. control); in each visit, acute pain was elicited, with blood draws at baseline, 10 minutes, 60 minutes, and 100 minutes post-pain. We examined the effects of within-subjects factors on circulating inflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and cortisol. There was a main effect of state anger on IL-6, with higher reported anger associated with higher IL-6 across conditions. Further, there were several interactions between state emotion and condition. For example, when individuals reported higher state anger in the sadness condition compared to their own average, they showed higher levels of IL-6 and cortisol. Findings are discussed within a larger literature suggesting that mixed emotional states can contribute to psychological stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunmi Song
- Health Risk Prevention Team, Korea Health Promotion Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ambika Mathur
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David A Wagstaff
- Health and Human Development Consulting Group, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Laura Cousino Klein
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Courtney Whetzel
- Office for Research Protections, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Pulopulos MM, Vanderhasselt MA, De Raedt R. Association between changes in heart rate variability during the anticipation of a stressful situation and the stress-induced cortisol response. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:63-71. [PMID: 29758470 PMCID: PMC5967249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vagal activity - reflecting the activation of stress regulatory mechanisms and prefrontal cortex activation - is thought to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, most studies investigating the association between stress-induced changes in heart rate variability (HRV, an index of cardiac vagal tone) and cortisol have shown a non-significant relationship. It has been proposed that physiological changes observed during anticipation of a stressor allow individuals to make behavioral, cognitive, and physiological adjustments that are necessary to deal with the upcoming actual stressor. In this study, in a large sample of 171 healthy adults (96 men and 75 women; mean age = 29.98, SD = 11.07), we investigated whether the cortisol response to a laboratory-based stress task was related to anticipation-induced or stress task-induced changes in HRV. As expected, regression analyses showed that a larger decrease in HRV during the anticipation of a stress task was related to higher stress task-induced cortisol increase, but not cortisol recovery. In line with prior research, the stress task-induced change in HRV was not significantly related to cortisol increase or recovery. Our results show for the first time that anticipatory HRV (reflecting differences in stress regulation and prefrontal activity before the encounter with the stressor) is important to understand the stress-induced cortisol increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias M Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Cross MP, Pressman SD. Say cheese? The connections between positive facial expressions in student identification photographs and health care seeking behavior. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:2511-2519. [PMID: 30052098 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318790066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether positive facial expressions in student identification photographs were connected with a health-relevant behavior: visits to a health care center in the last year for preventive and non-preventive (e.g. illness, injury) purposes. Identification photographs were coded for degree of smile. Smiling participants were more likely to have sought preventive care versus those not smiling in their photographs, but there was no difference in non-preventive (i.e. ill health) visits. This study shows for the first time that smiling in photographs may be related to healthy behavior and complements past work connecting smiling to positive psychosocial and health outcomes.
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Kulkarni M. The case of the middle class: Social determinants of health in Mumbai. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:2200-2210. [PMID: 30044163 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318788690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In India, a growing middle class and rising lifestyle diseases put prevention in the spotlight. This study assesses the impact of health behaviors (tobacco use and exercise) as well as psychological states (positive emotional style, hope, and perceived stress) on the health of 314 middle class participants from Mumbai. Logistic regression predicting objective health revealed that positive emotional style was a protective factor. Linear regression predicting perceived health indicated perceived stress and positive emotional style as the significant factors. An intersectional approach focusing on psychological factors and health behaviors, nested within class and gender, will lead to effective preventive strategies.
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Chin B, Murphy MLM, Cohen S. Age moderates the association between social integration and diurnal cortisol measures. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 90:102-109. [PMID: 29477953 PMCID: PMC5864556 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Social integration is defined as the degree to which an individual participates in a broad range of social relationships. Although measures of social integration vary across studies, it is often assessed as the number of social roles (e.g., parent, friend, student, volunteer) that an individual reports actively participating in. More socially integrated individuals tend to be healthier than those less socially integrated, but the biological mechanisms through which this occurs remain unclear. One possibility is that social integration might alter the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, of which cortisol is a key product, and in turn influence a broad range of health outcomes. This study examined the association between social integration and two indices of cortisol in a community sample of 680 healthy men and women aged 18-55. Because the social roles held by younger individuals may be more numerous yet superficial than those held by older individuals, this study also tested the hypothesis that these associations could be moderated by age such that lower levels of integration would be associated with cortisol dysregulation for older but not younger individuals in our sample. Participants provided salivary cortisol samples during waking hours on three days that were used to calculate diurnal cortisol levels and slopes. Increased social integration was associated with lower cortisol AUC among older (ages 35-55) but not younger (ages 18-34) individuals in our sample. Moreover, while increased social integration was associated with steeper diurnal cortisol slopes regardless of age, this association was strongest among older individuals. Differences in health behaviors, affect, and psychological stress did not mediate these associations. The results of this study support cortisol as a candidate biological mechanism through which increased social integration is associated with better physical health among older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Chin
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Michael L M Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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Zajdel M, Helgeson VS, Seltman HJ, Korytkowski MT, Hausmann LRM. Daily Communal Coping in Couples With Type 2 Diabetes: Links to Mood and Self-Care. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:228-238. [PMID: 29538665 PMCID: PMC5855113 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adjusting to the challenges of a chronic illness does not affect patients alone but also influences social network members-most notably spouses. One interpersonal framework of coping with a chronic illness is communal coping, described as when a problem is appraised as joint and the couple collaborates to manage the problem. Purpose We sought to determine whether daily communal coping was linked to daily mood and self-care behavior and examined one potential mechanism that may explain these links: perceived emotional responsiveness. Methods Patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes less than 5 years ago and their spouses (n = 123) completed a daily diary questionnaire that assessed communal coping and mood for 14 consecutive days. The patients also reported daily self-care behaviors. We used multilevel modeling to examine the links of communal coping to patient and spouse mood and patient self-care. Because both patients and spouses reported their mood, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was employed to examine mood. Results Multilevel APIM showed that actor communal coping was associated with lower depressed mood, higher happy mood, and lower angry mood and partner communal coping was linked to higher happy mood. Patient communal coping was related to better dietary and medication adherence, and spouse communal coping was linked to better medication adherence. Perceived emotional responsiveness partially mediated the relations of communal coping to mood but not to self-care behaviors. Conclusions Communal coping on a daily basis may help both patients and spouses adjust psychologically to the illness as well as enhance patient self-care behaviors.
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Lockwood KG, John-Henderson NA, Marsland AL. Early life socioeconomic status associates with interleukin-6 responses to acute laboratory stress in adulthood. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:212-220. [PMID: 29438661 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is proposed that environmental exposures in early life influence immune programming. Specifically, socioeconomic disadvantage is thought to program an immune phenotype that is prone to inflammation and associated with increased risk for inflammatory disease later in life. Existing literature shows an inverse association of early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) with adult levels of systemic inflammation. Here, we extend that literature to examine whether early childhood SES also relates to the magnitude of inflammatory response to acute psychological stress in adulthood. Healthy volunteers (N = 110; 40-58 years; 59% female; 90% white) performed a laboratory stress protocol, with blood samples drawn at the end of a 30-min baseline, a 5-min speech task, and a 30-min recovery to assess interleukin (IL)-6 stress responses. An early childhood SES index was derived from reports of parental home and vehicle ownership, and number of bedrooms per child in the home across ages 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6. Regressions adjusted for current age, sex, race, and BMI showed that lower SES at age 1-2 was associated with larger IL-6 stress responses in adulthood (ΔR2 = 0.05, β = -0.24, p = .03). This association was independent of adult SES and task-evoked affective responses. No association was found between SES at ages 3-4 or 5-6 and IL-6 responses. These results provide initial evidence for a link between disadvantage in the first 2 years of life and heightened inflammatory response to stress in adulthood; this link may contribute to the increased disease risk that accompanies being raised in disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly G Lockwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | | | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Jenkins BN, Hunter JF, Cross MP, Acevedo AM, Pressman SD. When is affect variability bad for health? The association between affect variability and immune response to the influenza vaccination. J Psychosom Res 2018; 104:41-47. [PMID: 29275784 PMCID: PMC5777674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study addresses methodological and theoretical questions about the association between affect and physical health. Specifically, we examine the role of affect variability and its interaction with mean levels of affect to predict antibody (Ab) levels in response to an influenza vaccination. METHODS Participants (N=83) received the vaccination and completed daily diary measures of affect four times a day for 13days. At one and four months post-vaccination, blood was collected from the participants to assess Ab levels. RESULTS Findings indicate that affect variability and its interaction with mean levels of affect predict an individual's immune response. Those high in mean positive affect (PA) who had more PA variability were more likely to have a lower Ab response in comparison to those who had high mean PA and less PA variability. Although it did not interact with mean negative affect (NA), NA variability on its own was associated with Ab response, whereby those with less NA variability mounted a more robust immune response. CONCLUSION Affect variability is related to immune response to an influenza vaccination and, in some cases, interacts with mean levels of affect. These oscillations in affective experiences are critical to consider in order to unpack the intricacies of how affect influences health. These findings suggest that future researchers should consider the important role of affect variability on physical health-relevant outcomes as well as examine the moderating effect of mean affect levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John F Hunter
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, United States.
| | - Marie P Cross
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, United States.
| | - Amanda M Acevedo
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, United States.
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, United States.
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Objectively Measured Daily Physical Activity and Postural Changes as Related to Positive and Negative Affect Using Ambulatory Monitoring Assessments. Psychosom Med 2017; 79:792-797. [PMID: 28846993 PMCID: PMC5580380 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether objectively measured daily physical activity and posture of sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand transitions are associated with daily assessments of affect. METHODS Participants (N = 51, 49% female) wore ActivPal accelerometers for 24 h/d for seven consecutive days. Time spent sitting, standing, and being physically active and sit-to-stand transitions were derived for each day. Participants also completed a mood inventory each evening. Multilevel models examined within- and between-person associations of daily physical activity with positive and negative affect, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, education, and sleep duration. RESULTS Within-person associations showed that a 1-hour increase in daily physical activity was associated with a decrease in negative affect over the same day (B = -0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.21 to -0.01). Between-person associations indicated a borderline significant association between higher average daily physical activity levels and higher positive affect (B = 1.85, 95% CI = -0.25 to 3.94). There were no between- or within-person associations between sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand transitions with affect. CONCLUSIONS Promoting physical activity may be a potential intervention strategy to acutely suppress negative affective states.
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Reblin M, Small B, Jim H, Weimer J, Sherwood P. Mediating burden and stress over time: Caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor. Psychooncology 2017; 27:607-612. [PMID: 28801927 PMCID: PMC10111220 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing literature on the effects of cancer caregiving on the well-being of informal family caregivers. However, there has been little longitudinal research on caregivers of patients with the complex, rapidly-changing disease of primary malignant brain tumor. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to model longitudinal relationships between caregiver burden, social support, and distress within caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor. METHODS Caregiver participants were recruited from a neuro-oncology clinic. Caregiver questionnaire data, including sociodemographics, social support, depression, anxiety, and caregiving burden, were collected at 4 time points (diagnosis, +4, +8, and +12 mo). Using the stress process model as a guide, we hypothesized that early burden would predict later depression and anxiety, and this would be mediated by social support. RESULTS Using data from 147 participants, we found support for the stress process model in caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor. Greater burden at diagnosis was associated with lower social support at 4 months, and lower social support was related to higher depression and anxiety at 8 months, as well as to changes in anxiety between 8 and 12 months. CONCLUSION We found evidence of the stress process model in caregivers of primary brain tumor patients unfolding over the course of a year after diagnosis. Our findings emphasize the potential importance of early programs for caregivers to ensure low initial levels of burden, which may have a positive effect on social support, depression, and anxiety.
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Murdock KW, LeRoy AS, Fagundes CP. Early-life Socio-economic Status and Adult Health: The Role of Positive Affect. Stress Health 2017; 33:190-198. [PMID: 27443423 PMCID: PMC5253328 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop a further understanding of the relationship between early-life socio-economic status (SES) and adult health disparities. This was accomplished through evaluation of state indicators of positive and negative affect as mechanisms through which early-life SES was associated with susceptibility to a rhinovirus (i.e. the common cold). Analyses were conducted among 286 adults in a viral challenge study in which participants were exposed to a rhinovirus via nasal drops and cold symptoms were evaluated over a period of 5 days. Participant age, body mass index, sex, education, ethnicity, pre-challenge virus-specific antibody titres and subjective adult SES, along with virus type and season of participation, were included as covariates. Early-life SES was associated with cold incidence through state positive affect, but not state negative affect. In addition, contrast analysis indicated that the indirect effect through state positive affect was stronger than the indirect effect through state negative affect. Findings provide further support for early-life SES being an important variable associated with adult health, and that state self-reported positive affect may be an underlying mechanism associated with susceptibility to rhinoviruses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angie S. LeRoy
- Rice University, Houston, TX USA,University of Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christopher P. Fagundes
- Rice University, Houston, TX USA,Correspondence: Christopher Fagundes, Rice University, BRC 780D, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Fritz HL, Russek LN, Dillon MM. Humor Use Moderates the Relation of Stressful Life Events With Psychological Distress. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 43:845-859. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167217699583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three studies examined humor and adjustment to stressful events. In Study 1, patients with fibromyalgia syndrome ( N = 22) reported on mental and physical adjustment, social interaction, and reappraisal of their illness. Dispositional humor was associated with reduced distress and fewer physical symptoms. Study 2 ( N = 109) examined undergraduates’ reports of stressful events. Dispositional, self-enhancing, affiliative, and self-defeating humor showed direct effects on distress, which were mediated by social interaction and reappraisal. Moreover, dispositional and aggressive humor showed stress-buffering effects. Study 3 ( N = 105) examined undergraduates’ adjustment to the September 11, 2001, attacks at 1 and 3 months postattack. At T1, affiliative humor showed a stress-buffering effect on distress. Social interaction mediated the relation of self-enhancing humor with reduced T1 distress, and mediated relations of aggressive and self-defeating humor with greater distress. Relations of T1 dispositional and self-defeating humor to changes in T2 distress were mediated by reappraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L. Fritz
- Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
- Salisbury University, MD, USA
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Imami L, Zilioli S, Tobin ET, Saleh DJ, Kane HS, Slatcher RB. Youth secrets are associated with poorer sleep and asthma symptoms via negative affect. J Psychosom Res 2017; 96:15-20. [PMID: 28545787 PMCID: PMC5967403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among older children and adolescents, keeping secrets from parents is consistently associated with lower levels of psychological well-being. Further, concealing one's thoughts and emotions has been associated with poor physical health outcomes in adults. However, it remains an open question whether secret-keeping is associated with poorer health and health-related behaviors (such as sleep) among youth and, if those hypothesized links exist, what the psychological mechanisms might be. We investigated the associations among youth secrecy towards parents, daily asthma symptoms and daily sleep behaviors in a sample of low-income youth with asthma aged 10-17 and tested negative affect as a possible mediator of these associations. METHODS One hundred and seventy two youths reported the extent to which they kept secrets towards parents over a period of four days. Asthma symptoms, nighttime awakenings, sleep onset latency, and subjective sleep quality were assessed with daily diaries completed by youths. RESULTS More frequent secret-keeping was associated with more severe asthma symptoms, lower ratings of sleep quality and greater number of nighttime awakenings. Secrecy was also associated with increased negative affect, which accounted for the associations between secrecy and number of awakenings and daytime asthma symptoms. These findings remained significant after controlling for youth age and other relevant demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that secrecy towards parents can have consequential health outcomes for youth with asthma and point to the importance of investigating affective processes as mediators of the influence of secret-keeping on youth health.
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Harris PS, Harris PR, Miles E. Self-affirmation improves performance on tasks related to executive functioning. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boele FW, Given CW, Given BA, Donovan HS, Schulz R, Weimer JM, Drappatz J, Lieberman FS, Sherwood PR. Family caregivers' level of mastery predicts survival of patients with glioblastoma: A preliminary report. Cancer 2016; 123:832-840. [PMID: 27787881 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with a poor prognosis, and patients rely heavily on family caregivers for physical and emotional support. The capability and mental health of family caregivers may influence their ability to provide care and affect patient outcomes. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether caregivers' anxiety, depressive symptoms, burden, and mastery influenced survival in a sample of patients newly diagnosed with GBM. METHODS Baseline data from caregiver-patient dyads participating in a longitudinal study funded by the National Institutes of Health were used. Cox regression analyses were performed to determine whether caregiver anxiety (Profile of Mood States-Anxiety), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), burden (Caregiver Reaction Assessment), and feelings of mastery (Mastery Scale) predicted the survival time of patients with GBM after controlling for known covariates (patient age, Karnofsky performance status, type of surgery, and postsurgical treatment). RESULTS A total of 88 caregiver-patient dyads were included. The median overall survival for the sample was 14.5 months (range, 0-88 months). After controlling for covariates, caregiver mastery was found to be predictive of patient survival. With each unit increase in mastery, there was a 16.1% risk reduction in patient death (95% confidence interval, 0.771-0.913; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the results of the current study are among the first to explore the impact of family caregiving on the outcomes of patients with GBM. If these results are supported in other studies, providing neuro-oncology caregivers with more structured support and guidance in clinical practice has the potential to improve caregivers' feelings of mastery, thereby influencing patients' well-being for the better. Cancer 2017;123:832-40. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florien W Boele
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles W Given
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Barbara A Given
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Heidi S Donovan
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason M Weimer
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jan Drappatz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank S Lieberman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paula R Sherwood
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Janicki Deverts D, Cohen S, Doyle WJ. Dispositional Affect Moderates the Stress-Buffering Effect of Social Support on Risk for Developing the Common Cold. J Pers 2016; 85:675-686. [PMID: 27468129 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine whether trait positive and negative affect (PA, NA) moderate the stress-buffering effect of perceived social support on risk for developing a cold subsequent to being exposed to a virus that causes mild upper respiratory illness. METHOD Analyses were based on archival data from 694 healthy adults (Mage = 31.0 years, SD = 10.7 years; 49.0% female; 64.6% Caucasian). Perceived social support and perceived stress were assessed by self-report questionnaire and trait affect by aggregating responses to daily mood items administered by telephone interview across several days. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a virus that causes the common cold and monitored for 5 days for clinical illness (infection + objective signs of illness). RESULTS Two 3-way interactions emerged-Support × Stress × PA and Support × Stress × NA. The nature of these effects was such that among persons with high trait PA or low trait NA, greater social support attenuated the risk of developing a cold when under high but not low perceived stress; this stress-buffering effect did not emerge among persons with low trait PA or high trait NA. CONCLUSIONS Dispositional affect might be used to identify individuals who may be most responsive to social support and support-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William J Doyle
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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46
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Hubley AM, Hultsch DF. The Relationship of Personality Trait Variables to Subjective Age Identity in Older Adults. Res Aging 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0164027594164005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the relationship between personality trait variables and subjective age identity with two elderly samples. Subjects were asked both the age they feel (feel age) and the age they would like to be (ideal age). In Sample 1, which consisted of 241 community-dwelling adults aged 55 to 75 years, the traits of locus of control and social desirability were examined. In Sample 2, neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience were examined with 355 community-dwelling adults aged 55 to 85 years. Internal locus of control and extraversion were related to the feel age measure, whereas powerful-others locus of control, neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience were related to the ideal age measure. Trait variables did not moderate the relationships between the feel age measure and either self-reported health or affective state variables. However, both neuroticism and openness to experience were found to alter the relationship between the ideal age measure and affective state variables.
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Abstract
Factors reflecting current experience—for example, number of medications used, poor function, negative affects, and positive affect—had stronger associations with self-assessments of health (SAH) than factors related to prior events (medical history, prior smoking) in baseline data from 830 elderly retirement-community residents (mean age = 73). Participants appear to have implicit knowledge of the factors affecting their SAH: The rank order of the beta weights relating factors to SAH was correlated with the rank order of participant ratings of the attention given to each factor when making SAH judgments. Relationships of SAH and each of the factors to five year mortality showed that subjectively salient factors such as function and lack of energy predicted five-year mortality, reduced the relationship of SAH to mortality, and accounted for most of the relationship of medical factors to mortality. Affective variables, however, had no relationship to mortality despite their impact on SAH.
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Miller GE, Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Brody GH, Chen E. Viral challenge reveals further evidence of skin-deep resilience in African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds. Health Psychol 2016; 35:1225-1234. [PMID: 27505193 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have revealed a phenomenon called skin-deep resilience, which develops in upwardly mobile African American youth. They perform well in school, maintain good mental health, and avoid legal problems. Despite outward indications of success, they also show evidence of worse health in biomarker studies. Here we extend this research, asking whether it manifests in differential susceptibility to upper respiratory infection, and if it emerges in European Americans as well. METHODS The sample included 514 adults in good health, as judged by physician examination and laboratory testing. Participants completed questionnaires about lifecourse socioeconomic conditions, conscientiousness, psychosocial adjustment, and lifestyle factors. They were subsequently inoculated with a rhinovirus that causes upper respiratory infection, and monitored in quarantine for 5 days the development of illness. RESULTS Consistent with past work, African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds displayed indications of skin-deep resilience. To the extent these participants were high in conscientiousness, they fared better across multiple domains of psychosocial functioning, as reflected in educational attainment, symptoms of depression, and close relationship quality (p values = .01-.04). But analyses of these participants' susceptibility to infection revealed the opposite pattern; higher conscientiousness was associated with a greater likelihood of becoming ill following inoculation (p value = .03). In European Americans, there was no evidence of skin-deep resilience; conscientiousness was associated with better psychosocial outcomes, but not infection risk. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that resilience may be a double-edged sword for African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds. The same characteristics associated with academic success and psychological adjustment forecast increased vulnerability to health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology & Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
| | | | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology & Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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Brissette I, Cohen S. The Contribution of Individual Differences in Hostility to the Associations between Daily Interpersonal Conflict, Affect, and Sleep. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/01461672022812011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adults of both sexes completed phone interviews assessing interpersonal conflict, state negative and positive affect (NA and PA), and sleep from the previous night on 7 consecutive evenings. Greater interpersonal conflict was associated with increased NA and decreased PA that day and increased sleep disturbance that night (measured on the next day). Mediational analyses were consistent with NA on the conflict day (but not PA) being a partial mediator of the prospective relation between greater conflict and greater sleep disturbance. Greater NA was associated with retrospective reports of obtaining less sleep and experiencing greater sleep disturbance the previous night but conflict was not associated with NA or PA on the following day. The associations between conflict and greater NA and sleep disturbance were exacerbated among individuals higher in cynical hostility. This exacerbation was not due to individuals higher in hostility reporting a greater number conflicts or more severe conflicts.
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Shin Y, Colling KB. Cultural Verification and Application of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) with Korean Elders. West J Nurs Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/01939450022044278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the cultural verification of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) for Korean elderly and examined their mood states. After assessment of face validity by a panel of Korean experts, 319 Korean elders, older than 60 years, were recruited from personal contact or senior centers in five Korean cities and completed the questionnaire. Through item analysis, face validity, and factor analysis, the 65-item original POMS was revised and reduced to a three-factor, 34-item instrument specific to Korean elders. Results of descriptive analysis showed that Korean older people perceived relatively good mood states. Lower mood states were significantly correlated with female gender, advanced age, unemployment, less education, lower economic status, being widowed or divorced, and with their children as the main source of income. In conclusion, the revised POMS for Korean elders has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunHee Shin
- Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Korea
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