1
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Carr LM, Mustafa S, Care A, Collins-Praino LE. More than a number: Incorporating the aged phenotype to improve in vitro and in vivo modeling of neurodegenerative disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:554-571. [PMID: 38663775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is the number one risk factor for developing a neurodegenerative disease (ND), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD). With our rapidly ageing world population, there will be an increased burden of ND and need for disease-modifying treatments. Currently, however, translation of research from bench to bedside in NDs is poor. This may be due, at least in part, to the failure to account for the potential effect of ageing in preclinical modelling of NDs. While ageing can impact upon physiological response in multiple ways, only a limited number of preclinical studies of ND have incorporated ageing as a factor of interest. Here, we evaluate the aged phenotype and highlight the critical, but unmet, need to incorporate aspects of this phenotype into both the in vitro and in vivo models used in ND research. Given technological advances in the field over the past several years, we discuss how these could be harnessed to create novel models of ND that more readily incorporate aspects of the aged phenotype. This includes a recently described in vitro panel of ageing markers, which could help lead to more standardised models and improve reproducibility across studies. Importantly, we cannot assume that young cells or animals yield the same responses as seen in the context of ageing; thus, an improved understanding of the biology of ageing, and how to appropriately incorporate this into the modelling of ND, will ensure the best chance for successful translation of new therapies to the aged patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Carr
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Care
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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2
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Ahmad M, Kim J, Dwyer B, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Coincident development and synchronization of sleep-dependent delta in the cortex and medulla. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2570-2579.e5. [PMID: 38772363 PMCID: PMC11187663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In early development, active sleep is the predominant sleep state before it is supplanted by quiet sleep. In rats, the developmental increase in quiet sleep is accompanied by the sudden emergence of the cortical delta rhythm (0.5-4 Hz) around postnatal day 12 (P12). We sought to explain the emergence of the cortical delta by assessing developmental changes in the activity of the parafacial zone (PZ), a medullary structure thought to regulate quiet sleep in adults. We recorded from the PZ in P10 and P12 rats and predicted an age-related increase in neural activity during increasing periods of delta-rich cortical activity. Instead, during quiet sleep, we discovered sleep-dependent rhythmic spiking activity-with intervening periods of total silence-phase locked to a local delta rhythm. Moreover, PZ and cortical delta were coherent at P12 but not at P10. PZ delta was also phase locked to respiration, suggesting sleep-dependent modulation of PZ activity by respiratory pacemakers in the ventral medulla. Disconnecting the main olfactory bulbs from the cortex did not diminish cortical delta, indicating that the influence of respiration on delta at this age is not mediated indirectly through nasal breathing. Finally, we observed an increase in parvalbumin-expressing terminals in the PZ across these ages, supporting a role for local GABAergic inhibition in the PZ's rhythmicity. The unexpected discovery of delta-rhythmic neural activity in the medulla-when cortical delta is also emerging-provides a new perspective on the brainstem's role in regulating sleep and promoting long-range functional connectivity in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midha Ahmad
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jangjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Brett Dwyer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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3
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Oliva HNP, Prudente TP, Nunes EJ, Cosgrove KP, Radhakrishnan R, Potenza MN, Angarita GA. Substance use and spine density: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02519-3. [PMID: 38561468 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of synaptic density changes provides valuable insights into the underlying brain mechanisms of substance use. In preclinical studies, synaptic density markers, like spine density, are altered by substances of abuse (e.g., alcohol, amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, nicotine). These changes could be linked to phenomena including behavioral sensitization and drug self-administration in rodents. However, studies have produced heterogeneous results for spine density across substances and brain regions. Identifying patterns will inform translational studies given tools that now exist to measure in vivo synaptic density in humans. We performed a meta-analysis of preclinical studies to identify consistent findings across studies. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and EBSCO were searched between September 2022 and September 2023, based on a protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022354006). We screened 6083 publications and included 70 for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed drug-specific patterns in spine density changes. Hippocampal spine density increased after amphetamine. Amphetamine, cocaine, and nicotine increased spine density in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol and amphetamine increased, and cannabis reduced, spine density in the prefrontal cortex. There was no convergence of findings for morphine's effects. The effects of cocaine on the prefrontal cortex presented contrasting results compared to human studies, warranting further investigation. Publication bias was small for alcohol or morphine and substantial for the other substances. Heterogeneity was moderate-to-high across all substances. Nonetheless, these findings inform current translational efforts examining spine density in humans with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tiago Paiva Prudente
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rajiv Radhakrishnan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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4
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Ahmad M, Kim J, Dwyer B, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. DELTA-RHYTHMIC ACTIVITY IN THE MEDULLA DEVELOPS COINCIDENT WITH CORTICAL DELTA IN SLEEPING INFANT RATS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.16.572000. [PMID: 38168267 PMCID: PMC10760077 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.16.572000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In early development, active sleep is the predominant sleep state before it is supplanted by quiet sleep. In rats, the developmental increase in quiet sleep is accompanied by the sudden emergence of the cortical delta rhythm (0.5-4 Hz) around postnatal day 12 (P12). We sought to explain the emergence of cortical delta by assessing developmental changes in the activity of the parafacial zone (PZ), a medullary structure thought to regulate quiet sleep in adults. We recorded from PZ in P10 and P12 rats and predicted an age-related increase in neural activity during increasing periods of delta-rich cortical activity. Instead, during quiet sleep we discovered sleep-dependent rhythmic spiking activity-with intervening periods of total silence-phase-locked to a local delta rhythm. Moreover, PZ and cortical delta were coherent at P12, but not at P10. PZ delta was also phase-locked to respiration, suggesting sleep-dependent modulation of PZ activity by respiratory pacemakers in the ventral medulla. Disconnecting the main olfactory bulbs from the cortex did not diminish cortical delta, indicating that the influence of respiration on delta at this age is not mediated indirectly through nasal breathing. Finally, we observed an increase in parvalbumin-expressing terminals in PZ across these ages, supporting a role for GABAergic inhibition in PZ's rhythmicity. The discovery of delta-rhythmic neural activity in the medulla-when cortical delta is also emerging-opens a new path to understanding the brainstem's role in regulating sleep and synchronizing rhythmic activity throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midha Ahmad
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jangjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Brett Dwyer
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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5
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Skowronski AA, Leibel RL, LeDuc CA. Neurodevelopmental Programming of Adiposity: Contributions to Obesity Risk. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:253-280. [PMID: 37971140 PMCID: PMC10911958 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes the published evidence regarding maternal factors that influence the developmental programming of long-term adiposity in humans and animals via the central nervous system (CNS). We describe the physiological outcomes of perinatal underfeeding and overfeeding and explore potential mechanisms that may mediate the impact of such exposures on the development of feeding circuits within the CNS-including the influences of metabolic hormones and epigenetic changes. The perinatal environment, reflective of maternal nutritional status, contributes to the programming of offspring adiposity. The in utero and early postnatal periods represent critically sensitive developmental windows during which the hormonal and metabolic milieu affects the maturation of the hypothalamus. Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with increased transfer of glucose to the fetus driving fetal hyperinsulinemia. Elevated fetal insulin causes increased adiposity and consequently higher fetal circulating leptin concentration. Mechanistic studies in animal models indicate important roles of leptin and insulin in central and peripheral programming of adiposity, and suggest that optimal concentrations of these hormones are critical during early life. Additionally, the environmental milieu during development may be conveyed to progeny through epigenetic marks and these can potentially be vertically transmitted to subsequent generations. Thus, nutritional and metabolic/endocrine signals during perinatal development can have lifelong (and possibly multigenerational) impacts on offspring body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja A Skowronski
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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6
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Pandya CD, Vekaria HJ, Zamorano M, Trout AL, Ritzel RM, Guzman GU, Bolden C, Sullivan PG, Gensel JC, Miller BA. Azithromycin reduces hemoglobin-induced innate neuroimmune activation. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114574. [PMID: 37852468 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) releases blood products into the lateral ventricles and brain parenchyma. There are currently no medical treatments for IVH and surgery is used to treat a delayed effect of IVH, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. However, surgery is not a cure for intrinsic brain injury from IVH, and is performed in a subacute time frame. Like many neurological diseases and injuries, innate immune activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of IVH. Innate immune activation is a pharmaceutically targetable mechanism to reduce brain injury and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus after IVH. Here, we tested the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin, which has immunomodulatory properties, to reduce innate immune activation in an in vitro model of microglial activation using the blood product hemoglobin (Hgb). We then utilized azithromycin in our in vivo model of IVH, using intraventricular blood injection into the lateral ventricle of post-natal day 5 rat pups. In both models, azithromycin modulated innate immune activation by several outcome measures including mitochondrial bioenergetic analysis, cytokine expression and flow cytometric analysis. This suggests that azithromycin, which is safe for neonates, could hold promise for modulating innate immune activation after IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu D Pandya
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science (CATSS), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Miriam Zamorano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, United States of America
| | - Amanda L Trout
- Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science (CATSS), Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States of America
| | - Gary U Guzman
- Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States of America
| | - Christopher Bolden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, United States of America
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Brandon A Miller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77030, United States of America.
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7
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Kaplan HS, Logeman BL, Zhang K, Santiago C, Sohail N, Naumenko S, Ho Sui SJ, Ginty DD, Ren B, Dulac C. Sensory Input, Sex, and Function Shape Hypothalamic Cell Type Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576835. [PMID: 38328205 PMCID: PMC10849564 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian behavior and physiology undergo dramatic changes in early life. Young animals rely on conspecifics to meet their homeostatic needs, until weaning and puberty initiate nutritional independence and sex-specific social interactions, respectively. How neuronal populations regulating homeostatic functions and social behaviors develop and mature during these transitions remains unclear. We used paired transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiling to examine the developmental trajectories of neuronal populations in the hypothalamic preoptic region, where cell types with key roles in physiological and behavioral control have been identified1-6. These data reveal a remarkable diversity of developmental trajectories shaped by the sex of the animal, and the location and behavioral or physiological function of the corresponding cell types. We identify key stages of preoptic development, including the perinatal emergence of sex differences, postnatal maturation and subsequent refinement of signaling networks, and nonlinear transcriptional changes accelerating at the time of weaning and puberty. We assessed preoptic development in various sensory mutants and find a major role for vomeronasal sensing in the timing of preoptic cell type maturation. These results provide novel insights into the development of neurons controlling homeostatic functions and social behaviors and lay ground for examining the dynamics of these functions in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris S. Kaplan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brandon L. Logeman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Current address: Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Celine Santiago
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Noor Sohail
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serhiy Naumenko
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shannan J. Ho Sui
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David D. Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 220 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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8
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Swain A, Soni ND, Wilson N, Juul H, Benyard B, Haris M, Kumar D, Nanga RPR, Detre J, Lee VM, Reddy R. Early-stage mapping of macromolecular content in APP NL-F mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using nuclear Overhauser effect MRI. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1266859. [PMID: 37876875 PMCID: PMC10590923 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1266859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive methods of detecting early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) can provide valuable insight into disease pathology, improving the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) MRI is a technique that provides image contrast sensitive to lipid and protein content in the brain. These macromolecules have been shown to be altered in Alzheimer's pathology, with early disruptions in cell membrane integrity and signaling pathways leading to the buildup of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. We used template-based analyzes of NOE MRI data and the characteristic Z-spectrum, with parameters optimized for increase specificity to NOE, to detect changes in lipids and proteins in an AD mouse model that recapitulates features of human AD. We find changes in NOE contrast in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, entorhinal cortex, and fimbria, with these changes likely attributed to disruptions in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes in both gray and white matter regions. This study suggests that NOE MRI may be a useful tool for monitoring early-stage changes in lipid-mediated metabolism in AD and other disorders with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Swain
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Narayan D. Soni
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Neil Wilson
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Halvor Juul
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Blake Benyard
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Detre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Virginia M. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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9
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Glanz RM, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Neural decoding reveals specialized kinematic tuning after an abrupt cortical transition. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113119. [PMID: 37690023 PMCID: PMC10591925 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) exhibits a protracted period of development, including the development of a sensory representation long before motor outflow emerges. In rats, this representation is present by postnatal day (P) 8, when M1 activity is "discontinuous." Here, we ask how the representation changes upon the transition to "continuous" activity at P12. We use neural decoding to predict forelimb movements from M1 activity and show that a linear decoder effectively predicts limb movements at P8 but not at P12; instead, a nonlinear decoder better predicts limb movements at P12. The altered decoder performance reflects increased complexity and uniqueness of kinematic information in M1. We next show that M1's representation at P12 is more susceptible to "lesioning" of inputs and "transplanting" of M1's encoding scheme from one pup to another. Thus, the emergence of continuous M1 activity signals the developmental onset of more complex, informationally sparse, and individualized sensory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Glanz
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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10
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Mayrhofer F, Hanson AM, Navedo MF, Xiang YK, Soulika AM, Deng W, Chechneva OV. Transfer of nuclear and ribosomal material from Sox10-lineage cells to neurons in the mouse brain. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221632. [PMID: 37067791 PMCID: PMC10114922 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Material transfer is an essential form of intercellular communication to exchange information and resources between cells. Material transfer between neurons and from glia to neurons has been demonstrated to support neuronal survival and activity. Understanding the extent of material transfer in the healthy nervous system is limited. Here we report that in the mouse central nervous system (CNS), neurons receive nuclear and ribosomal material of Sox10-lineage cell (SOL) origin. We show that transfer of SOL-derived material to neurons is region dependent, establishes during postnatal brain maturation, and dynamically responds to LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the adult mouse brain. We identified satellite oligodendrocyte-neuron pairs with loss of plasma membrane integrity between nuclei, suggesting direct material transfer. Together, our findings provide evidence of regionally coordinated transfer of SOL-derived nuclear and ribosomal material to neurons in the mouse CNS, with potential implications for the understanding and modulation of neuronal function and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mayrhofer
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children’s Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Angela M. Hanson
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children’s Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Athena M. Soulika
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children’s Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children’s Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Olga V. Chechneva
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Children’s Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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11
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Jimenez-Tellez N, Pehar M, Visser F, Casas-Ortiz A, Rice T, Syed NI. Sevoflurane Exposure in Neonates Perturbs the Expression Patterns of Specific Genes That May Underly the Observed Learning and Memory Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108696. [PMID: 37240038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to commonly used anesthetics leads to neurotoxic effects in animal models-ranging from cell death to learning and memory deficits. These neurotoxic effects invoke a variety of molecular pathways, exerting either immediate or long-term effects at the cellular and behavioural levels. However, little is known about the gene expression changes following early neonatal exposure to these anesthetic agents. We report here on the effects of sevoflurane, a commonly used inhalational anesthetic, on learning and memory and identify a key set of genes that may likely be involved in the observed behavioural deficits. Specifically, we demonstrate that sevoflurane exposure in postnatal day 7 (P7) rat pups results in subtle, but distinct, memory deficits in the adult animals that have not been reported previously. Interestingly, when given intraperitoneally, pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX) could only prevent sevoflurane-induced anxiety in open field testing. To identify genes that may have been altered in the neonatal rats after sevoflurane and DEX exposure, specifically those impacting cellular viability, learning, and memory, we conducted an extensive Nanostring study examining over 770 genes. We found differential changes in the gene expression levels after exposure to both agents. A number of the perturbed genes found in this study have previously been implicated in synaptic transmission, plasticity, neurogenesis, apoptosis, myelination, and learning and memory. Our data thus demonstrate that subtle, albeit long-term, changes observed in an adult animal's learning and memory after neonatal anesthetic exposure may likely involve perturbation of specific gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Marcus Pehar
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Frank Visser
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Alberto Casas-Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tiffany Rice
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Naweed I Syed
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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12
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Milbocker KA, Smith IF, Brengel EK, LeBlanc GL, Roth TL, Klintsova AY. Exercise in Adolescence Enhances Callosal White Matter Refinement in the Female Brain in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070975. [PMID: 37048047 PMCID: PMC10092997 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 1 in 20 infants born annually are exposed to alcohol prenatally, which disrupts neurodevelopment and results in several disorders categorized under the umbrella term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Children and adolescents affected by FASD exhibit delayed maturation of cerebral white matter, which contributes to deficits in executive function, visuospatial processing, sensory integration, and interhemispheric communication. Research using animal models of FASD have uncovered that oligoglia proliferation, differentiation, and survival are vulnerable to alcohol teratogenesis in the male brain due in part to the activation of the neuroimmune system during gestation and infancy. A comprehensive investigation of prenatal alcohol exposure on white matter development in the female brain is limited. This study demonstrated that the number of mature oligodendrocytes and the production of myelin basic protein were reduced first in the female corpus callosum following alcohol exposure in a rat model of FASD. Analysis of myelin-related genes confirmed that myelination occurs earlier in the female corpus callosum compared to their counterparts, irrespective of postnatal treatment. Moreover, dysregulated oligodendrocyte number and myelin basic protein production was observed in the male and female FASD brain in adolescence. Targeted interventions that support white matter development in FASD-affected youth are nonexistent. The capacity for an adolescent exercise intervention to upregulate corpus callosum myelination was evaluated: we discovered that volunteer exercise increases the number of mature oligodendrocytes in alcohol-exposed female rats. This study provides critical evidence that oligoglia differentiation is difficult but not impossible to induce in the female FASD brain in adolescence following a behavioral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Milbocker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ian F Smith
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Eric K Brengel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Gillian L LeBlanc
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Anna Y Klintsova
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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13
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Pan X, Liu Y, Bao Y, Gao Y. Changes of development from childhood to late adulthood in rats tracked by urinary proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100539. [PMID: 37004987 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, studies of development have mainly focused on the embryonic stage and a short time thereafter. There has been little research on the whole life of an individual from childhood to aging and death. For the first time, we used non-invasive urinary proteome technology to track changes in several important developmental timepoints in a group of rats, covering 10 timepoints from childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and near death in old age. Similar to previous studies on puberty, proteins were detected involved in sexual or reproductive maturation, mature spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules (first seen), gonadal hormones, decline of oestradiol, brain growth, and central nervous system myelination, and our differential protein enrichment pathways also included reproductive system development, tube development, response to hormone, response to oestradiol, brain development, and neuron development. Similar to previous studies in young adults, proteins were detected involved in musculoskeletal maturity, peak bone mass, development of the immune system, and growth and physical development, and our differential protein enrichment pathways also included skeletal system development, bone regeneration, system development, immune system processes, myeloid leukocyte differentiation, growth, and developmental growth. Studies on aging-related changes in neurons and neurogenesis have been reported, and we also found relevant pathways in aged rats, such as regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity and positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity. However, at all timepoints throughout life, there were many biological pathways revealed by differential urinary protein enrichment involving multiple organs, tissues, systems, etc., that have not been mentioned in existing studies. This study shows comprehensive and detailed changes in rat lifetime development through the urinary proteome, helping to fill the gap in development research. Moreover, it provides a new approach to monitoring changes in human health and diseases of aging using the urinary proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzhen Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875
| | - Yijin Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875
| | - Youhe Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875.
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14
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Mohammadshirazi A, Apicella R, Zylberberg BA, Mazzone GL, Taccola G. Suprapontine Structures Modulate Brainstem and Spinal Networks. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01321-z. [PMID: 36732488 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several spinal motor output and essential rhythmic behaviors are controlled by supraspinal structures, although their contribution to neuronal networks for respiration and locomotion at birth still requires better characterization. As preparations of isolated brainstem and spinal networks only focus on local circuitry, we introduced the in vitro central nervous system (CNS) from neonatal rodents to simultaneously record a stable respiratory rhythm from both cervical and lumbar ventral roots (VRs).Electrical pulses supplied to multiple sites of brainstem evoked distinct VR responses with staggered onset in the rostro-caudal direction. Stimulation of ventrolateral medulla (VLM) resulted in higher events from homolateral VRs. Stimulating a lumbar dorsal root (DR) elicited responses even from cervical VRs, albeit small and delayed, confirming functional ascending pathways. Oximetric assessments detected optimal oxygen levels on brainstem and cortical surfaces, and histological analysis of internal brain structures indicated preserved neuron viability without astrogliosis. Serial ablations showed precollicular decerebration reducing respiratory burst duration and frequency and diminishing the area of lumbar DR and VR potentials elicited by DR stimulation, while pontobulbar transection increased the frequency and duration of respiratory bursts. Keeping legs attached allows for expressing a respiratory rhythm during hindlimb stimulation. Trains of pulses evoked episodes of fictive locomotion (FL) when delivered to VLM or to a DR, the latter with a slightly better FL than in isolated cords.In summary, suprapontine centers regulate spontaneous respiratory rhythms, as well as electrically evoked reflexes and spinal network activity. The current approach contributes to clarifying modulatory brain influences on the brainstem and spinal microcircuits during development. Novel preparation of the entire isolated CNS from newborn rats unveils suprapontine modulation on brainstem and spinal networks. Preparation views (A) with and without legs attached (B). Successful fictive respiration occurs with fast dissection from P0-P2 rats (C). Decerebration speeds up respiratory rhythm (D) and reduces spinal reflexes derived from both ventral and dorsal lumbar roots (E).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Mohammadshirazi
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.,Applied Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology Lab, Istituto di Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione (IMFR), Via Gervasutta 48, Udine, UD, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Apicella
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy.,Applied Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology Lab, Istituto di Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione (IMFR), Via Gervasutta 48, Udine, UD, Italy
| | - Benjamín A Zylberberg
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT)-CONICET - Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT)-CONICET - Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuliano Taccola
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy. .,Applied Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology Lab, Istituto di Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione (IMFR), Via Gervasutta 48, Udine, UD, Italy.
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15
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Glanz R, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Cortical Representation of Movement Across the Developmental Transition to Continuous Neural Activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.22.525085. [PMID: 36711887 PMCID: PMC9882351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.22.525085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary motor cortex (M1) exhibits a protracted period of development that includes the establishment of a somatosensory map long before motor outflow emerges. In rats, the sensory representation is established by postnatal day (P) 8 when cortical activity is still "discontinuous." Here, we ask how the representation survives the sudden transition to noisy "continuous" activity at P12. Using neural decoding to predict forelimb movements based solely on M1 activity, we show that a linear decoder is sufficient to predict limb movements at P8, but not at P12; in contrast, a nonlinear decoder effectively predicts limb movements at P12. The change in decoder performance at P12 reflects an increase in both the complexity and uniqueness of kinematic information available in M1. We next show that the representation at P12 is more susceptible to the deleterious effects of "lesioning" inputs and to "transplanting" M1's encoding scheme from one pup to another. We conclude that the emergence of continuous cortical activity signals the developmental onset in M1 of more complex, informationally sparse, and individualized sensory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Glanz
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Mark S. Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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16
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Analysis in a Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease Rat Model. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081864. [PMID: 36010215 PMCID: PMC9406676 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus−Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder of the central nervous system. We performed 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in Tama rats, a rodent PMD model, and control rats, as well as evaluated the diagnostic values. In the white matter of the Tama rats, the T2 values were prolonged, which is similar to that observed in patients with PMD (60.7 ± 1.8 ms vs. 51.6 ± 1.3 ms, p < 0.0001). The apparent diffusion coefficient values in the white matter of the Tama rats were higher than those of the control rats (0.68 ± 0.03 × 10−3 mm2/s vs. 0.64 ± 0.03 × 10−3 mm2/s, p < 0.05). In proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the N-acetylaspartate (6.97 ± 0.12 mM vs. 5.98 ± 0.25 mM, p < 0.01) and N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate values of the Tama rats were higher (8.22 ± 0.17 mM vs. 7.14 ± 0.35 mM, p < 0.01) than those of the control rats. The glycerophosphocholine + phosphocholine values of the Tama rats were lower than those of the control rats (1.04 ± 0.09 mM vs. 1.45 ± 0.04 mM, p < 0.001). By using Luxol fast blue staining, we confirmed dysmyelination in the Tama rats. These results are similar to those of patients with PMD and other PMD animal models.
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17
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Ramsteijn AS, Verkaik-Schakel RN, Houwing DJ, Plösch T, Olivier JDA. Perinatal exposure to fluoxetine and maternal adversity affect myelin-related gene expression and epigenetic regulation in the corticolimbic circuit of juvenile rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1620-1632. [PMID: 35102259 PMCID: PMC9283398 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many pregnant women experience symptoms of depression, and are often treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, such as fluoxetine. In utero exposure to SSRIs and maternal depressive symptoms is associated with sex-specific effects on the brain and behavior. However, knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these sex differences is limited. In addition, most animal research into developmental SSRI exposure neglects the influence of maternal adversity. Therefore, we used a rat model relevant to depression to investigate the molecular effects of perinatal fluoxetine exposure in male and female juvenile offspring. We performed RNA sequencing and targeted DNA methylation analyses on the prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala; key regions of the corticolimbic circuit. Perinatal fluoxetine enhanced myelin-related gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, while inhibiting it in the basolateral amygdala. SSRI exposure and maternal adversity interacted to affect expression of genes such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (Mag) and myelin basic protein (Mbp). We speculate that altered myelination reflects altered brain maturation. In addition, these effects are stronger in males than in females, resembling known behavioral outcomes. Finally, Mag and Mbp expression correlated with DNA methylation, highlighting epigenetic regulation as a potential mechanism for developmental fluoxetine-induced changes in myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouschka S. Ramsteijn
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Present Address: Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rikst Nynke Verkaik-Schakel
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Houwing
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Present Address: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Plösch
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelien D. A. Olivier
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Reduced and delayed myelination and volume of corpus callosum in an animal model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders partially benefit from voluntary exercise. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10653. [PMID: 35739222 PMCID: PMC9226126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
1 in 20 live births in the United States is affected by prenatal alcohol exposure annually, creating a major public health crisis. The teratogenic impact of alcohol on physical growth, neurodevelopment, and behavior is extensive, together resulting in clinical disorders which fall under the umbrella term of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). FASD-related impairments to executive function and perceptual learning are prevalent among affected youth and are linked to disruptions to corpus callosum growth and myelination in adolescence. Targeted interventions that support neurodevelopment in FASD-affected youth are nonexistent. We evaluated the capacity of an adolescent exercise intervention, a stimulator of myelinogenesis, to upregulate corpus callosum myelination in a rat model of FASD (third trimester-equivalent alcohol exposure). This study employs in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning to investigate the effects of: (1) neonatal alcohol exposure and (2) an adolescent exercise intervention on corpus callosum myelination in a rodent model of FASD. DTI scans were acquired twice longitudinally (pre- and post-intervention) in male and female rats using a 9.4 Tesla Bruker Biospec scanner to assess alterations to corpus callosum myelination noninvasively. Fractional anisotropy values as well as radial/axial diffusivity values were compared within-animal in a longitudinal study design. Analyses using mixed repeated measures ANOVA’s confirm that neonatal alcohol exposure in a rodent model of FASD delays the trajectory of corpus callosum growth and myelination across adolescence, with a heightened vulnerability in the male brain. Alterations to corpus callosum volume are correlated with reductions to forebrain volume which mediates an indirect relationship between body weight gain and corpus callosum growth. While we did not observe any significant effects of voluntary aerobic exercise on corpus callosum myelination immediately after completion of the 12-day intervention, we did observe a beneficial effect of exercise intervention on corpus callosum volume growth in all rats. In line with clinical findings, we have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure leads to hypomyelination of the corpus callosum in adolescence and that the severity of damage is sexually dimorphic. Further, exercise intervention improves corpus callosum growth in alcohol-exposed and control rats in adolescence.
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Hiramoto T, Sumiyoshi A, Yamauchi T, Tanigaki K, Shi Q, Kang G, Ryoke R, Nonaka H, Enomoto S, Izumi T, Bhat MA, Kawashima R, Hiroi N. Tbx1, a gene encoded in 22q11.2 copy number variant, is a link between alterations in fimbria myelination and cognitive speed in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:929-938. [PMID: 34737458 PMCID: PMC9054676 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) have provided a reliable entry point to identify the structural correlates of atypical cognitive development. Hemizygous deletion of human chromosome 22q11.2 is associated with impaired cognitive function; however, the mechanisms by which the CNVs contribute to cognitive deficits via diverse structural alterations in the brain remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the cellular basis of the link between alterations in brain structure and cognitive functions in mice with a heterozygous deletion of Tbx1, one of the 22q11.2-encoded genes. Ex vivo whole-brain diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Tbx1 heterozygous mice indicated that the fimbria was the only region with significant myelin alteration. Electron microscopic and histological analyses showed that Tbx1 heterozygous mice exhibited an apparent absence of large myelinated axons and thicker myelin in medium axons in the fimbria, resulting in an overall decrease in myelin. The fimbria of Tbx1 heterozygous mice showed reduced mRNA levels of Ng2, a gene required to produce oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Moreover, postnatal progenitor cells derived from the subventricular zone, a source of oligodendrocytes in the fimbria, produced fewer oligodendrocytes in vitro. Behavioral analyses of these mice showed selectively slower acquisition of spatial memory and cognitive flexibility with no effects on their accuracy or sensory or motor capacities. Our findings provide a genetic and cellular basis for the compromised cognitive speed in patients with 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hiramoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kenji Tanigaki
- Research Institute, Shiga Medical Center, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama-shi, Shiga, Japan
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gina Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rie Ryoke
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroi Nonaka
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shingo Enomoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Takeshi Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Noboru Hiroi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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20
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de Melo SR, Gremaschi LB, Blanco LFMSB, Orathes BM, Tarosso IVA, Bernardi TC. Short Juvenile Stress Has No Long-Lasting Effects on Anxiety-Like Behavior, Object Recognition Memory, or Gross Brain Morphology but Affects Dendritic Spines in the Hippocampus in Male Rats. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:466-477. [PMID: 35287128 DOI: 10.1159/000523955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE During the juvenile stage, such areas as the hippocampus and corpus callosum (CC) are still immature and sensitive to stress exposure. The present study investigated whether two different types of stressors in the juvenile stage of life have a long-lasting impact on behavior and biological outcomes in adult rats. METHODS Male juvenile rats were exposed to restraint or predator stress on postnatal day 25 (P25) for 3 days. Thirty-two days later (P60-74), behavioral and biological analyses were conducted. The behavioral analysis included measures of anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory. The biological analysis investigated gross cerebral morphology, based on volume analysis of the CC and hippocampus, perirhinal cortex thickness, and dendritic spine density. RESULTS Neither restraint stress nor predator stress affected anxiety-like behavior or object recognition memory in adulthood. Body weight and adrenal gland weight were unaffected by both types of stress. Overall, volumetric measures of the CC and hippocampus were not significant, with no changes in perirhinal cortex thickness. Spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex also was unaffected, but a decrease in dendritic spine density was found in the hippocampus in response to restraint stress and an increase to predator stress. CONCLUSION Short-term and daily restraint and predator stress during the juvenile stage had no long-lasting effects on anxiety-like behavior, object memory, volume of the CC or hippocampus, or perirhinal cortex thickness, but a decrease in dendritic spine density was found in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that different types of stressors have different impacts on microstructures in the brain without affecting behavior or the gross morphology of stress-sensitive brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Regina de Melo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Gremaschi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe M S B Blanco
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Orathes
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Isabela V A Tarosso
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tuany C Bernardi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Science Center, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Milbocker KA, Campbell TS, Collins N, Kim S, Smith IF, Roth TL, Klintsova AY. Glia-Driven Brain Circuit Refinement Is Altered by Early-Life Adversity: Behavioral Outcomes. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:786234. [PMID: 34924972 PMCID: PMC8678604 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity (ELA), often clinically referred to as "adverse childhood experiences (ACE)," is the exposure to stress-inducing events in childhood that can result in poor health outcomes. ELA negatively affects neurodevelopment in children and adolescents resulting in several behavioral deficits and increasing the risk of developing a myriad of neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. The neurobiological mechanisms by which ELA alters neurodevelopment in childhood have been the focus of numerous reviews. However, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms affecting adolescent neurodevelopment (i.e., synaptic pruning and myelination) is lacking. Synaptic pruning and myelination are glia-driven processes that are imperative for brain circuit refinement during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Failure to optimize brain circuitry between key brain structures involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, leads to the emergence of maladaptive behaviors including increased anxiety or reduced executive function. As such, we review preclinical and clinical literature to explore the immediate and lasting effects of ELA on brain circuit development and refinement. Finally, we describe a number of therapeutic interventions best-suited to support adolescent neurodevelopment in children with a history of ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Y. Klintsova
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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22
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23
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Early Development of the GABAergic System and the Associated Risks of Neonatal Anesthesia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312951. [PMID: 34884752 PMCID: PMC8657958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal studies have elucidated the apparent neurodevelopmental effects resulting from neonatal anesthesia. Observations of learning and behavioral deficits in children, who were exposed to anesthesia early in development, have instigated a flurry of studies that have predominantly utilized animal models to further interrogate the mechanisms of neonatal anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity. Specifically, while neonatal anesthesia has demonstrated its propensity to affect multiple cell types in the brain, it has shown to have a particularly detrimental effect on the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, which contributes to the observed learning and behavioral deficits. The damage to GABAergic neurons, resulting from neonatal anesthesia, seems to involve structure-specific changes in excitatory-inhibitory balance and neurovascular coupling, which manifest following a significant interval after neonatal anesthesia exposure. Thus, to better understand how neonatal anesthesia affects the GABAergic system, we first review the early development of the GABAergic system in various structures that have been the focus of neonatal anesthesia research. This is followed by an explanation that, due to the prolonged developmental curve of the GABAergic system, the entirety of the negative effects of neonatal anesthesia on learning and behavior in children are not immediately evident, but instead take a substantial amount of time (years) to fully develop. In order to address these concerns going forward, we subsequently offer a variety of in vivo methods which can be used to record these delayed effects.
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Bencurova P, Laakso H, Salo RA, Paasonen E, Manninen E, Paasonen J, Michaeli S, Mangia S, Bares M, Brazdil M, Kubova H, Gröhn O. Infantile status epilepticus disrupts myelin development. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105566. [PMID: 34838665 PMCID: PMC8845085 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy in adults; it often starts in infancy or early childhood. Although TLE is primarily considered to be a grey matter pathology, a growing body of evidence links this disease with white matter abnormalities. In this study, we explore the impact of TLE onset and progression in the immature brain on white matter integrity and development utilising the rat model of Li-pilocarpine-induced TLE at the 12th postnatal day (P). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Black-Gold II histology uncovered disruptions in major white matter tracks (corpus callosum, internal and external capsules, and deep cerebral white matter) spreading through the whole brain at P28. These abnormalities were mostly not present any longer at three months after TLE induction, with only limited abnormalities detectable in the external capsule and deep cerebral white matter. Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field in the rotating frame of rank 4 indicated that white matter changes observed at both timepoints, P28 and P72, are consistent with decreased myelin content. The animals affected by TLE-induced white matter abnormalities exhibited increased functional connectivity between the thalamus and medial prefrontal and somatosensory cortex in adulthood. Furthermore, histological analyses of additional animal groups at P15 and P18 showed only mild changes in white matter integrity, suggesting a gradual age-dependent impact of TLE progression. Taken together, TLE progression in the immature brain distorts white matter development with a peak around postnatal day 28, followed by substantial recovery in adulthood. This developmental delay might give rise to cognitive and behavioural comorbidities typical for early-onset TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bencurova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hanne Laakso
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo A Salo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Paasonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eppu Manninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Paasonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Martin Bares
- Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Milan Brazdil
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kubova
- Academy of Sciences Czech Republic, Institute of Physiology, Department of Developmental Epileptology, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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25
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Dooley JC, Sokoloff G, Blumberg MS. Movements during sleep reveal the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model in motor thalamus. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5501-5511.e5. [PMID: 34727521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With our eyes closed, we can track a limb's moment-to-moment location in space. If this capacity relied solely on sensory feedback from the limb, we would always be a step behind because sensory feedback takes time: for the execution of rapid and precise movements, such lags are not tolerable. Nervous systems solve this problem by computing representations-or internal models-that mimic movements as they are happening, with the associated neural activity occurring after the motor command but before sensory feedback. Research in adults indicates that the cerebellum is necessary to compute internal models. What is not known, however, is when-and under what conditions-this computational capacity develops. Here, taking advantage of the unique kinematic features of the discrete, spontaneous limb twitches that characterize active sleep, we captured the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model. Using rats at postnatal days (P) 12, P16, and P20, we compared neural activity in the ventral posterior (VP) and ventral lateral (VL) thalamic nuclei, both of which receive somatosensory input but only the latter of which receives cerebellar input. At all ages, twitch-related activity in VP lagged behind the movement, consistent with sensory processing; similar activity was observed in VL through P16. At P20, however, VL activity no longer lagged behind movement but instead precisely mimicked the movement itself; this activity depended on cerebellar input. In addition to demonstrating the emergence of internal models of movement, these findings implicate twitches in their development and calibration through, at least, the preweanling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Dooley
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Greta Sokoloff
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mark S Blumberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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26
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Wang R, Han H, Shi K, Alberts IL, Rominger A, Yang C, Yan J, Cui D, Peng Y, He Q, Gao Y, Lian J, Yang S, Liu H, Yang J, Wong C, Wei X, Yin F, Jia Y, Tong H, Liu B, Lei J. The Alteration of Brain Interstitial Fluid Drainage with Myelination Development. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1729-1740. [PMID: 34631217 PMCID: PMC8460314 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of myelination is crucial for maintaining brain interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage in adults; however, the mechanism of ISF drainage with immature myelin in the developing brain remains unknown. In the present study, the ISF drainage from the caudate nucleus (Cn) to the ipsilateral cortex was studied at different developmental stages of the rat brain (P 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 10-80). The results show that the traced ISF drained to the cortex from Cn and to the thalamus in an opposite direction before P30. From P40, we found impeded drainage to the thalamus due to myelin maturation. This altered drainage was accompanied by enhanced cognitive and social functions, which were consistent with those in the adult rats. A significant difference in diffusion parameters was also demonstrated between the extracellular space (ECS) before and after P30. The present study revealed the alteration of ISF drainage regulated by myelin at different stages during development, indicating that a regional ISF homeostasis may be essential for mature psychological and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- 1Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Han
- 1Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China.,3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.,5Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Axel Rominger
- 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chenlong Yang
- 2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China.,6Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dehua Cui
- 2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China.,3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Peng
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,7Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan He
- 1Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China.,3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- 1Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China
| | - Jingge Lian
- 1Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China.,3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,7Department of Radiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huipo Liu
- 2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China.,12Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- 2Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Device and Technique, Beijing, China.,6Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaolan Wong
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,8Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,9Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yin
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,10Department of Neurosurgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxing Jia
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,8Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiyu Tong
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,11Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Lei
- 3Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Bolon B, Dostal LA, Garman RH. Neuropathology Evaluation in Juvenile Toxicity Studies in Rodents: Comparison of Developmental Neurotoxicity Studies for Chemicals With Juvenile Animal Studies for Pediatric Pharmaceuticals. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1405-1415. [PMID: 34620000 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211045321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The developmental neuropathology examination in juvenile toxicity studies depends on the nature of the product candidate, its intended use, and the exposure scenario (eg, dose, duration, and route). Expectations for sampling, processing, and evaluating neural tissues differ for developmental neurotoxicity studies (DNTS) for chemicals and juvenile animal studies (JAS) for pediatric pharmaceuticals. Juvenile toxicity studies typically include macroscopic observations, brain weights, and light microscopic evaluation of routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections from major neural tissues (brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve) as neuropathology endpoints. The DNTS is a focused evaluation of the nervous system, so the study design incorporates perfusion fixation, plastic embedding of at least one nerve, quantitative analysis of selected brain regions, and sometimes special neurohistological stains. In contrast, the JAS examines multiple systems, so neural tissues undergo conventional tissue processing (eg, immersion fixation, paraffin embedding, H&E staining only). An "expanded neurohistopathology" (or "expanded neuropathology") approach may be performed for JAS if warranted, typically by light microscopic evaluation of more neural tissues (usually additional sections of brain, ganglia, and/or more nerves) or/and special neurohistological stains, to investigate specific questions (eg, a more detailed exploration of a potential neuroactive effect) or to fulfill regulatory requests.
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28
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Alpha lipoic acid ameliorates detrimental effects of maternal lipopolysaccharides exposure on prefrontal white matter in adult male offspring rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102038. [PMID: 34610418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the maternal immune system by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), all of which play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many offspring neurodevelopmental disorders. Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) is a natural compound that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was performed to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to LPS on the prefrontal white matter of rat offspring and evaluate the potential protective effects of ALA co-administration during pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 each group): (1) control, (2) received LPS (100 μg/kg, intraperitoneally (IP) on gestational day 9.5 (GD 9.5), (3) received ALA (20 mg/kg) from GD1 to GD11, (4) LPS+ALA received LPS on GD9.5 and ALA from GD1 to GD11, (5 and 6) received LPS and ALA vehicle respectively. In each group, 21-day old male offspring (2 male pups from each mother) was harvested, and then their prefrontal white matter was separated and prepared for the ultrastructural, stereological, and molecular assays. RESULTS In utero exposure to LPS led to a significant decrease in nerve cell counts, ultrastructural alterations in myelinated axons, and abnormal changes in genes expression of Sox10,Olig1,yrf,Wnt in the prefrontal of the rat offspring. Co-administration of ALA resulted in amelioration of those abnormal changes in the LPS rat offspring. CONCLUSION The findings of our preclinical study, explore that prenatal ALA treatment efficiently protects the nervous system against LPS induced abnormal changes in the offspring.
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Early life exposure to poly I:C impairs striatal DA-D2 receptor binding, myelination and associated behavioural abilities in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102035. [PMID: 34597812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Early-life viral infections critically influence the brain development and have been variously reported to cause neuropsychiatric diseases such as Schizophrenia, Parkinson's diseases, demyelinating diseases, etc. To investigate the alterations in the dopaminergic system, myelination and associated behavioral impairments following neonatal viral infection, the viral immune activation model was created by an intraperitoneal injection of Poly I:C (5 mg/kg bw/ip) to neonatal rat pups on PND-7. The DA-D2 receptor binding was assessed in corpus striatum by using 3H-Spiperone at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age. MOG immunolabelling was performed to check myelination stature and myelin integrity, while corpus callosum calibre was assessed by Luxol fast blue staining. Relative behavioral tasks i.e., motor activity, motor coordination and neuromuscular strength were assessed by open field, rotarod and grip strength meter respectively at 3, 6 and 12 weeks of age. Following Poly I:C exposure, a significant decrease in DA-D2 receptor binding, reduction in corpus callosum calibre and MOG immunolabelling indicating demyelination and a significant decrease in locomotor activity, neuromuscular strength and motor coordination signify motor deficits and hypokinetic influence of early life viral infection. Thus, the findings suggest that early life poly I:C exposure may cause demyelination and motor deficits by decreasing DA-D2 receptor binding affinity.
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Zeiss CJ. Comparative Milestones in Rodent and Human Postnatal Central Nervous System Development. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1368-1373. [PMID: 34569375 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211046933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Within the substantially different time scales characterizing human and rodent brain development, key developmental processes are remarkably preserved. Shared processes include neurogenesis, myelination, synaptogenesis, and neuronal and synaptic pruning. In general, altricial rodents experience greater central nervous system (CNS) immaturity at birth and accelerated postnatal development compared to humans, in which protracted development of certain processes such as neocortical myelination and synaptic maturation extend into adulthood. Within this generalization, differences in developmental rates of various structures must be understood to accurately model human neurodevelopmental toxicity in rodents. Examples include greater postnatal neurogenesis in rodents, particularly within the dentate gyrus of rats, ongoing generation of neurons in the rodent olfactory bulb, differing time lines of neurotransmitter maturation, and differing time lines of cerebellar development. Comparisons are made to the precocial guinea pig and the long-lived naked mole rat, which, like primates, experiences more advanced CNS development at birth, with more protracted postnatal development. Methods to study various developmental processes are summarized using examples of comparative postnatal injury in humans and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, 12228Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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31
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Sabran-Cohen T, Bright U, Mizrachi Zer-Aviv T, Akirav I. Rapamycin prevents the long-term impairing effects of adolescence Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on memory and plasticity in male rats. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6104-6122. [PMID: 34405459 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Long-lasting cognitive impairment is one of the most central negative consequences related to the exposure to cannabis during adolescence and particularly of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The aim of this study was to compare the protracted effects of adolescent versus late-adolescent chronic exposure to THC on short-term memory and plasticity and to examine whether rapamycin, a blocker of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, can restore THC-induced deficits in memory and plasticity. Male rats were injected with ascending doses of THC [2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally (i.p.)] during adolescence and late-adolescence (post-natal days 30-41 and 45-56, respectively), followed by daily injections of rapamycin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) during the first 10 days of cessation from THC. Thirty days after the last injection, rats were tested for short-term and working memory, anxiety-like behaviour, and plasticity in the pathways projecting from the ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). THC exposure in adolescence, but not late-adolescence, was found to induce long-term deficits in object recognition short-term memory and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal-accumbens pathway. Importantly, rapamycin rescued these persistent effects of THC administered during adolescence. Our findings show that some forms of memory and plasticity are sensitive to chronic THC administration during adolescence and that rapamycin administered during THC cessation may restore cognitive function and plasticity, thus potentially protecting against the possible long-term harmful effects of THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Sabran-Cohen
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Bright
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Mizrachi Zer-Aviv
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Akirav
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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MRI- and histologically derived neuroanatomical atlas of the Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl). Sci Rep 2021; 11:9850. [PMID: 33972650 PMCID: PMC8110773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are an important vertebrate model system to understand anatomy, genetics and physiology. Importantly, the brain and spinal cord of adult urodels (salamanders) have an incredible regeneration capacity, contrary to anurans (frogs) and the rest of adult vertebrates. Among these amphibians, the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) has gained most attention because of the surge in the understanding of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and the recent sequencing of its whole genome. However, a complete comprehension of the brain anatomy is not available. In the present study we created a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atlas of the in vivo neuroanatomy of the juvenile axolotl brain. This is the first MRI atlas for this species and includes three levels: (1) 82 regions of interest (ROIs) and a version with 64 ROIs; (2) a division of the brain according to the embryological origin of the neural tube, and (3) left and right hemispheres. Additionally, we localized the myelin rich regions of the juvenile brain. The atlas, the template that the atlas was derived from, and a masking file, can be found on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4595016 . This MRI brain atlas aims to be an important tool for future research of the axolotl brain and that of other amphibians.
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Rabow Z, Morningstar T, Showalter M, Heil H, Thongphanh K, Fan S, Chan J, Martínez-Cerdeño V, Berman R, Zagzag D, Nudler E, Fiehn O, Lechpammer M. Exposure to DMSO during infancy alters neurochemistry, social interactions, and brain morphology in long-evans rats. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02146. [PMID: 33838015 PMCID: PMC8119844 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a widely used solvent to dissolve hydrophobic substances for clinical uses and experimental in vivo purposes. While usually regarded safe, our prior studies suggest changes to behavior following DMSO exposure. We therefore evaluated the effects of a five-day, short-term exposure to DMSO on postnatal infant rats (P6-10). METHODS DMSO was intraperitoneally injected for five days at 0.2, 2.0, and 4.0 ml/kg body mass. One cohort of animals was sacrificed 24 hr after DMSO exposure to analyze the neurometabolic changes in four brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum) by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. A second cohort of animals was used to analyze chronic alterations to behavior and pathological changes to glia and neuronal cells later in life (P21-P40). RESULTS 164 metabolites, including key regulatory molecules (retinoic acid, orotic acid, adrenic acid, and hypotaurine), were found significantly altered by DMSO exposure in at least one of the brain regions at P11 (p < .05). Behavioral tests showed significant hypoactive behavior and decreased social habits to the 2.0 and 4.0 ml DMSO/kg groups (p < .01). Significant increases in number of microglia and astrocytes at P40 were observed in the 4.0 ml DMSO/kg group (at p < .015.) CONCLUSIONS: Despite short-term exposure at low, putatively nontoxic concentrations, DMSO led to changes in behavior and social preferences, chronic alterations in glial cells, and changes in essential regulatory brain metabolites. The chronic neurological effects of DMSO exposure reported here raise concerns about its neurotoxicity and consequent safety in human medical applications and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Rabow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Taryn Morningstar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Megan Showalter
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hailey Heil
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Krista Thongphanh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sili Fan
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospital for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert Berman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David Zagzag
- Departments of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Division of Neuropathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mirna Lechpammer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Pathology, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe and clinically heterogenous mental disorder
affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. Despite
tremendous achievements in the field of schizophrenia research, its
precise aetiology remains elusive. Besides dysfunctional neuronal
signalling, the pathophysiology of schizophrenia appears to involve
molecular and functional abnormalities in glial cells, including
astrocytes. This article provides a concise overview of the current
evidence supporting altered astrocyte activity in schizophrenia, which
ranges from findings obtained from post-mortem immunohistochemical
analyses, genetic association studies and transcriptomic
investigations, as well as from experimental investigations of
astrocyte functions in animal models. Integrating the existing data
from these research areas strongly suggests that astrocytes have the
capacity to critically affect key neurodevelopmental and homeostatic
processes pertaining to schizophrenia pathogenesis, including
glutamatergic signalling, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning and
myelination. The further elucidation of astrocytes functions in health
and disease may, therefore, offer new insights into how these glial
cells contribute to abnormal brain development and functioning
underlying this debilitating mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Notter
- Tina Notter, Institute of
Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich,
Switzerland. Emails: ;
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35
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McMillen S, Lönnerdal B. Postnatal Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate vs. Ferrous Bis-Glycinate Chelate: Effects on Iron Metabolism, Growth, and Central Nervous System Development in Sprague Dawley Rat Pups. Nutrients 2021; 13:1406. [PMID: 33921980 PMCID: PMC8143548 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-fortified formulas and iron drops (both usually ferrous sulfate, FS) prevent early life iron deficiency, but may delay growth and adversely affect neurodevelopment by providing excess iron. We used a rat pup model to investigate iron status, growth, and development outcomes following daily iron supplementation (10 mg iron/kg body weight, representative of iron-fortified formula levels) with FS or an alternative, bioavailable form of iron, ferrous bis-glycinate chelate (FC). On postnatal day (PD) 2, sex-matched rat litters (n = 3 litters, 10 pups each) were randomly assigned to receive FS, FC, or vehicle control until PD 14. On PD 15, we evaluated systemic iron regulation and CNS mineral interactions and we interrogated iron loading outcomes in the hippocampus, in search of mechanisms by which iron may influence neurodevelopment. Body iron stores were elevated substantially in iron-supplemented pups. All pups gained weight normally, but brain size on PD 15 was dependent on iron source. This may have been associated with reduced hippocampal oxidative stress but was not associated with CNS mineral interactions, iron regulation, or myelination, as these were unchanged with iron supplementation. Additional studies are warranted to investigate iron form effects on neurodevelopment so that iron recommendations can be optimized for all infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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36
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Champoux KL, Miller KE, Perkel DJ. Differential development of myelin in zebra finch song nuclei. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:1255-1265. [PMID: 32857415 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Songbirds learn vocalizations by hearing and practicing songs. As song develops, the tempo becomes faster and more precise. In the songbird brain, discrete nuclei form interconnected myelinated circuits that control song acquisition and production. The myelin sheath increases the speed of action potential propagation by insulating the axons of neurons and by reducing membrane capacitance. As the brain develops, myelin increases in density, but the time course of myelin development across discrete song nuclei has not been systematically studied in a quantitative fashion. We tested the hypothesis that myelination develops differentially across time and song nuclei. We examined myelin development in the brains of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) from chick at posthatch day (d) 8 to adult (up to 147 d) in five major song nuclei: HVC (proper name), robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA), Area X, lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium, and medial portion of the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus (DLM). All of these nuclei showed an increase in the density of myelination during development but at different rates and to different final degrees. Exponential curve fits revealed that DLM showed earlier myelination than other nuclei, and HVC showed the slowest myelination of song nuclei. Together, these data show differential maturation of myelination in different portions of the song system. Such differential maturation would be well placed to play a role in regulating the development of learned song.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L Champoux
- Department of Biology and Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Undergraduate Neurobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly E Miller
- Department of Biology and Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David J Perkel
- Department of Biology and Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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37
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Tapia-Bustos A, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Vío V, Pérez-Lobos R, Casanova-Ortiz E, Ezquer F, Herrera-Marschitz M, Morales P. Neonatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Improves Myelination Impaired by Global Perinatal Asphyxia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063275. [PMID: 33806988 PMCID: PMC8004671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of perinatal asphyxia (PA) on oligodendrocyte (OL), neuroinflammation, and cell viability was evaluated in telencephalon of rats at postnatal day (P)1, 7, and 14, a period characterized by a spur of neuronal networking, evaluating the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-treatment. The issue was investigated with a rat model of global PA, mimicking a clinical risk occurring under labor. PA was induced by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns into a water bath for 21 min (AS), using sibling-caesarean-delivered fetuses (CS) as controls. Two hours after delivery, AS and CS neonates were injected with either 5 μL of vehicle (10% plasma) or 5 × 104 MSCs into the lateral ventricle. Samples were assayed for myelin-basic protein (MBP) levels; Olig-1/Olig-2 transcriptional factors; Gglial phenotype; neuroinflammation, and delayed cell death. The main effects were observed at P7, including: (i) A decrease of MBP-immunoreactivity in external capsule, corpus callosum, cingulum, but not in fimbriae of hippocampus; (ii) an increase of Olig-1-mRNA levels; (iii) an increase of IL-6-mRNA, but not in protein levels; (iv) an increase in cell death, including OLs; and (v) MSCs treatment prevented the effect of PA on myelination, OLs number, and cell death. The present findings show that PA induces regional- and developmental-dependent changes on myelination and OLs maturation. Neonatal MSCs treatment improves survival of mature OLs and myelination in telencephalic white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Valentina Vío
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Ronald Pérez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.-M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-229786788 (M.H.-M. & P.M.)
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.H.-M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-229786788 (M.H.-M. & P.M.)
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38
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Garrigos D, Martínez-Morga M, Toval A, Kutsenko Y, Barreda A, Do Couto BR, Navarro-Mateu F, Ferran JL. A Handful of Details to Ensure the Experimental Reproducibility on the FORCED Running Wheel in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:638261. [PMID: 34040580 PMCID: PMC8141847 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.638261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-documented method and experimental design are essential to ensure the reproducibility and reliability in animal research. Experimental studies using exercise programs in animal models have experienced an exponential increase in the last decades. Complete reporting of forced wheel and treadmill exercise protocols would help to ensure the reproducibility of training programs. However, forced exercise programs are characterized by a poorly detailed methodology. Also, current guidelines do not cover the minimum data that must be included in published works to reproduce training programs. For this reason, we have carried out a systematic review to determine the reproducibility of training programs and experimental designs of published research in rodents using a forced wheel system. Having determined that most of the studies were not detailed enough to be reproducible, we have suggested guidelines for animal research using FORCED exercise wheels, which could also be applicable to any form of forced exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garrigos
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Morga
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Toval
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yevheniy Kutsenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Barreda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental (UDIF-SM), Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia—IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Luis Ferran,
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39
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Short predictable stress promotes resistance to anxiety behavior and increases dendritic spines in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Vaes JEG, van Kammen CM, Trayford C, van der Toorn A, Ruhwedel T, Benders MJNL, Dijkhuizen RM, Möbius W, van Rijt SH, Nijboer CH. Intranasal mesenchymal stem cell therapy to boost myelination after encephalopathy of prematurity. Glia 2020; 69:655-680. [PMID: 33045105 PMCID: PMC7821154 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a common cause of long-term neurodevelopmental morbidity in extreme preterm infants. Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is currently the most commonly observed form of EoP. Impaired maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is the main underlying pathophysiological mechanism. No therapies are currently available to combat dWMI. Intranasal application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising therapeutic option to boost neuroregeneration after injury. Here, we developed a double-hit dWMI mouse model and investigated the therapeutic potential of intranasal MSC therapy. Postnatal systemic inflammation and hypoxia-ischemia led to transient deficits in cortical myelination and OL maturation, functional deficits and neuroinflammation. Intranasal MSCs migrated dispersedly into the injured brain and potently improved myelination and functional outcome, dampened cerebral inflammationand rescued OL maturation after dWMI. Cocultures of MSCs with primary microglia or OLs show that MSCs secrete factors that directly promote OL maturation and dampen neuroinflammation. We show that MSCs adapt their secretome after ex vivo exposure to dWMI milieu and identified several factors including IGF1, EGF, LIF, and IL11 that potently boost OL maturation. Additionally, we showed that MSC-treated dWMI brains express different levels of these beneficial secreted factors. In conclusion, the combination of postnatal systemic inflammation and hypoxia-ischemia leads to a pattern of developmental brain abnormalities that mimics the clinical situation. Intranasal delivery of MSCs, that secrete several beneficial factors in situ, is a promising strategy to restore myelination after dWMI and subsequently improve the neurodevelopmental outcome of extreme preterm infants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caren M van Kammen
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chloe Trayford
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine H van Rijt
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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41
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Meco E, Zheng WS, Sharma AH, Lampe KJ. Guiding Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Maturation With Urokinase Plasminogen Activator-Degradable Elastin-like Protein Hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4724-4736. [PMID: 32816463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Demyelinating injuries and diseases, like multiple sclerosis, affect millions of people worldwide. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have the potential to repair demyelinated tissues because they can both self-renew and differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin producing cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Cell-matrix interactions impact OPC differentiation into OLs, but the process is not fully understood. Biomaterial hydrogel systems help to elucidate cell-matrix interactions because they can mimic specific properties of native CNS tissues in an in vitro setting. We investigated whether OPC maturation into OLs is influenced by interacting with a urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) degradable extracellular matrix (ECM). uPA is a proteolytic enzyme that is transiently upregulated in the developing rat brain, with peak uPA expression correlating with an increase in myelin production in vivo. OPC-like cells isolated through the Mosaic Analysis with Double Marker technique (MADM OPCs) produced low-molecular-weight uPA in culture. MADM OPCs were encapsulated into two otherwise similar elastin-like protein (ELP) hydrogel systems: one that was uPA degradable and one that was nondegradable. Encapsulated MADM OPCs had similar viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity in uPA degradable and nondegradable ELP hydrogels. Expression of OPC maturation-associated genes, however, indicated that uPA degradable ELP hydrogels promoted MADM OPC maturation although not sufficiently for these cells to differentiate into OLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edi Meco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Eng., Office 117, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - W Sharon Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, MR5 2010, Box 800759, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Anahita H Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, MR5 2010, Box 800759, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Eng., Office 117, University of Virginia, 102 Engineer's Way, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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42
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Ong W, Marinval N, Lin J, Nai MH, Chong YS, Pinese C, Sajikumar S, Lim CT, Ffrench-Constant C, Bechler ME, Chew SY. Biomimicking Fiber Platform with Tunable Stiffness to Study Mechanotransduction Reveals Stiffness Enhances Oligodendrocyte Differentiation but Impedes Myelination through YAP-Dependent Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003656. [PMID: 32790058 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A key hallmark of many diseases, especially those in the central nervous system (CNS), is the change in tissue stiffness due to inflammation and scarring. However, how such changes in microenvironment affect the regenerative process remains poorly understood. Here, a biomimicking fiber platform that provides independent variation of fiber structural and intrinsic stiffness is reported. To demonstrate the functionality of these constructs as a mechanotransduction study platform, these substrates are utilized as artificial axons and the effects of axon structural versus intrinsic stiffness on CNS myelination are independently analyzed. While studies have shown that substrate stiffness affects oligodendrocyte differentiation, the effects of mechanical stiffness on the final functional state of oligodendrocyte (i.e., myelination) has not been shown prior to this. Here, it is demonstrated that a stiff mechanical microenvironment impedes oligodendrocyte myelination, independently and distinctively from oligodendrocyte differentiation. Yes-associated protein is identified to be involved in influencing oligodendrocyte myelination through mechanotransduction. The opposing effects on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination provide important implications for current work screening for promyelinating drugs, since these efforts have focused mainly on promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation. Thus, the platform may have considerable utility as part of a drug discovery program in identifying molecules that promote both differentiation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies (Health Tech NTU), Interdisciplinary Disciplinary School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637533, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Marinval
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Junquan Lin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yee-Song Chong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Coline Pinese
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules (IBMM), UMR CNRS 5247, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, F-34093, France
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC-Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marie E Bechler
- MRC-Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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43
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Michel N, Narayanan P, Shomroni O, Schmidt M. Maturational Changes in Mouse Cutaneous Touch and Piezo2-Mediated Mechanotransduction. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107912. [PMID: 32697985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The age of studied animals has a profound impact on experimental outcomes in animal-based research. In mice, age influences molecular, morphological, physiological, and behavioral parameters, particularly during rapid postnatal growth and maturation until adulthood (at 12 weeks of age). Despite this knowledge, most biomedical studies use a wide-spanning age range from 4 to 12 weeks, raising concerns about reproducibility and potential masking of relevant age differences. Here, using mouse behavior and electrophysiology in cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG), we reveal a decline in behavioral cutaneous touch sensitivity and Piezo2-mediated mechanotransduction in vitro during mouse maturation but not thereafter. In addition, we identify distinct transcript changes in individual Piezo2-expressing mechanosensitive DRG neurons by combining electrophysiology with single-cell RNA sequencing (patch-seq). Taken together, our study emphasizes the need for accurate age matching and uncovers hitherto unknown maturational plasticity in cutaneous touch at the level of behavior, mechanotransduction, and transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Michel
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine and University of Goettingen, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pratibha Narayanan
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine and University of Goettingen, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS Integrative Genomics, Department of Human Genetics at the University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine and University of Goettingen, Somatosensory Signaling and Systems Biology Group, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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44
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Zhang Z, Ishrat S, O'Bryan M, Klein B, Saraswati M, Robertson C, Kannan S. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Long-Term Deficits in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1656-1667. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Samiha Ishrat
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Megan O'Bryan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Brandon Klein
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Manda Saraswati
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Courtney Robertson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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45
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Mohamed E, Paisley CE, Meyer LC, Bigbee JW, Sato-Bigbee C. Endogenous opioid peptides and brain development: Endomorphin-1 and Nociceptin play a sex-specific role in the control of oligodendrocyte maturation and brain myelination. Glia 2020; 68:1513-1530. [PMID: 32065429 PMCID: PMC11006003 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The generation of fully functional oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, is preceded by a complex maturational process. We previously showed that the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation and rat brain myelination were altered by perinatal exposure to buprenorphine and methadone, opioid analogs used for the management of pregnant addicts. Those observations suggested the involvement of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOR). However, it remained to be determined if these receptors and their endogenous ligands could indeed control the timing of myelination under normal physiological conditions of brain development. We now found that the endogenous MOR ligand endomorphin-1 (EM-1) exerts a striking stimulatory action on cellular and morphological maturation of rat pre-oligodendrocytes, but unexpectedly, these effects appear to be restricted to the cells from the female pups. Critically, this stimulation is abolished by coincubation with the endogenous NOR ligand nociceptin. Furthermore, NOR antagonist treatment of 9-day-old female pups results in accelerated brain myelination. Interestingly, the lack of sex-dependent differences in developmental brain levels of EM-1 and nociceptin, or oligodendroglial expression of MOR and NOR, suggests that the observed sex-specific responses may be highly dependent on important intrinsic differences between the male and female oligodendrocytes. The discovery of a significant effect of EM-1 and nociceptin in the developing female oligodendrocytes and brain myelination, underscores the need for further studies investigating brain sex-related differences and their implications in opioid use and abuse, pain control, and susceptibility and remyelinating capacity in demyelinating disease as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Caitlin E Paisley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Logan C Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John W Bigbee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Carmen Sato-Bigbee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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46
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Lee M, Kim EJ, Woo DC, Shim WH, Yum MS. In vivo MRI Successfully Reveals the Malformation of Cortical Development in Infant Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:510. [PMID: 32508585 PMCID: PMC7251149 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are major causes of intractable epilepsies. To characterize the early neuroimaging findings of MCDs, we tried to identify the MRI features consistent with pathological findings in an infant rat MCD model, prenatally exposed to methylazoxymethanol (MAM), by using newly developed MRI techniques. Methods: At gestational day 15, two doses of MAM (15 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or normal saline were injected into pregnant rats. The offspring underwent in vivo MRI, including glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST), 1H-MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging, at postnatal day (P) 15 using a 7T small-animal imaging system. Another set of prenatally MAM-exposed rats were sacrificed for histological staining. Results: At P15, the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) of rats with MCDs showed decreased neuronal nuclei, parvalbumin, and reelin expressions. Moreover, dendritic arborization of pyramidal cells in the RSC significantly decreased in infant rats with MCDs. In vivo MRI showed significantly decreased GluCEST (%) in the RSC of rats with MCDs (p = 0.000) and a significant correlation between GluCEST (%) and RSC thickness (r = 0.685, p = 0.003). The rats with MCDs showed reduced glutamate (p = 0.002), N-acetylaspartate (p = 0.002), and macromolecule and lipid levels (p = 0.027) and significantly reduced fractional anisotropy values in the RSC. Conclusion: In vivo MRI revealed reduced neuronal population and dendritic arborization in the RSC of infant rats with MCDs during the early postnatal period. These pathological changes of the cortex could serve as clinical imaging biomarkers of MCDs in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Shim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Yum
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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47
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González-Orozco JC, Moral-Morales AD, Camacho-Arroyo I. Progesterone through Progesterone Receptor B Isoform Promotes Rodent Embryonic Oligodendrogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040960. [PMID: 32295179 PMCID: PMC7226962 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). These cells arise during the embryonic development by the specification of the neural stem cells to oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPC); newly formed OPC proliferate, migrate, differentiate, and mature to myelinating oligodendrocytes in the perinatal period. It is known that progesterone promotes the proliferation and differentiation of OPC in early postnatal life through the activation of the intracellular progesterone receptor (PR). Progesterone supports nerve myelination after spinal cord injury in adults. However, the role of progesterone in embryonic OPC differentiation as well as the specific PR isoform involved in progesterone actions in these cells is unknown. By using primary cultures obtained from the embryonic mouse spinal cord, we showed that embryonic OPC expresses both PR-A and PR-B isoforms. We found that progesterone increases the proliferation, differentiation, and myelination potential of embryonic OPC through its PR by upregulating the expression of oligodendroglial genes such as neuron/glia antigen 2 (NG2), sex determining region Y-box9 (SOX9), myelin basic protein (MBP), 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP1), and NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX 6.1). These effects are likely mediated by PR-B, as they are blocked by the silencing of this isoform. The results suggest that progesterone contributes to the process of oligodendrogenesis during prenatal life through specific activation of PR-B.
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48
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Niño SA, Chi-Ahumada E, Ortíz J, Zarazua S, Concha L, Jiménez-Capdeville ME. Demyelination associated with chronic arsenic exposure in Wistar rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 393:114955. [PMID: 32171569 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is among the major contaminants of groundwater in the world. Worldwide population-based studies demonstrate that chronic arsenic exposure is associated with poor cognitive performance among children and adults, while research in animal models confirms learning and memory deficits after arsenic exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of environmentally relevant arsenic exposure in the myelination process of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and corpus callosum (CC). A longitudinal study with repeated follow-up assessments was performed in male Wistar rats exposed to 3 ppm sodium arsenite in drinking water. Animals received the treatment from gestation until 2, 4, 6, or 12 months of postnatal age. The levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry/histology and immunoblotting from the PFC and CC. As plausible alterations associated with demyelination, we considered mitochondrial mass (VDAC) and two axonal damage markers: amyloid precursor protein (APP) level and phosphorylated neurofilaments. To analyze the microstructure of the CC in vivo, we acquired diffusion-weighted images at the same ages, from which we derived metrics using the tensor model. Significantly decreased levels of MBP were found in both regions together with significant increases of mitochondrial mass and slight axonal damage at 12 months in the PFC. Ultrastructural imaging demonstrated arsenic-associated decreases of white matter volume, water diffusion anisotropy, and increases in radial diffusivity. This study indicates that arsenic exposure is associated with a significant and persistent negative impact on microstructural features of white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Niño
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, C.P 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Erika Chi-Ahumada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, C.P 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Juan Ortíz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro C.P 76230, Mexico
| | - Sergio Zarazua
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, C.P 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro C.P 76230, Mexico
| | - Maria E Jiménez-Capdeville
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, C.P 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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49
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Newville J, Maxwell JR, Kitase Y, Robinson S, Jantzie LL. Perinatal Opioid Exposure Primes the Peripheral Immune System Toward Hyperreactivity. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:272. [PMID: 32670993 PMCID: PMC7332770 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of opioid use during pregnancy warrants investigation to reveal the impact of opioid exposure on the developing fetus. Exposure during critical periods of development could have enduring consequences for affected individuals. Particularly, evidence is mounting that developmental injury can result in immune priming, whereby subsequent immune activation elicits an exaggerated immune response. This maladaptive hypersensitivity to immune challenge perpetuates dysregulated inflammatory signaling and poor health outcomes. Utilizing an established preclinical rat model of perinatal methadone exposure, we sought to investigate the consequences of developmental opioid exposure on in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We hypothesize that PBMCs from methadone-exposed rats would exhibit abnormal chemokine and cytokine expression at baseline, with exaggerated chemokine and cytokine production following immune stimulation compared to saline-exposed controls. On postnatal day (P) 7, pup PMBCs were isolated and cultured, pooling three pups per n. Following 3 and 24 h, the supernatant from cultured PMBCs was collected and assessed for inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression at baseline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation using multiplex electrochemiluminescence. Following 3 and 24 h, baseline production of proinflammatory chemokine and cytokine levels were significantly increased in methadone PBMCs (p < 0.0001). Stimulation with LPS for 3 h resulted in increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression by 3.5-fold in PBMCs from methadone-exposed PBMCs compared to PBMCs from saline-exposed controls (p < 0.0001). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell hyperreactivity was still apparent at 24 h of LPS stimulation, evidenced by significantly increased TNF-α, CXCL1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 production by methadone PMBCs compared to saline control PBMCs (p < 0.0001). Together, we provide evidence of increased production of proinflammatory molecules from methadone PBMCs at baseline, in addition to sustained hyperreactivity relative to saline-exposed controls. Exaggerated peripheral immune responses exacerbate inflammatory signaling, with subsequent consequences on many organ systems throughout the body, such as the developing nervous system. Enhanced understanding of these inflammatory mechanisms will allow for appropriate therapeutic development for infants who were exposed to opioids during development. Furthermore, these data highlight the utility of this in vitro PBMC assay technique for future biomarker development to guide specific treatment for patients exposed to opioids during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Newville
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jessie R Maxwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Yuma Kitase
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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50
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Axonal degeneration in an in vitro model of ischemic white matter injury. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104672. [PMID: 31707117 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic white matter injuries underlie cognitive decline in the elderly and vascular dementia. Ischemia in the subcortical white matter is caused by chronic reduction of blood flow due to narrowing of small arterioles. However, it remains unclear how chronic ischemia leads to white matter pathology. We aimed to develop an in vitro model of ischemic white matter injury using organotypic slice cultures. Cultured cerebellar slices preserved fully myelinated white matter tracts that were amenable to chronic hypoxic insult. Prolonged hypoxia caused progressive morphological evidence of axonal degeneration with focal constrictions and swellings. In contrast, myelin sheaths and oligodendrocytes exhibited remarkable resilience to hypoxia. The cytoskeletal degradation of axons was accompanied by mitochondrial shortening and lysosomal activation. Multiple pharmacological manipulations revealed that the AMPA glutamate receptor, calpain proteolysis, and lysosomal proteases were independently implicated in hypoxia-induced axonal degeneration in our model. Thus, our in vitro model would be a novel experimental system to explore molecular mechanisms of ischemic white matter injury. Furthermore, we verified that the in vitro assay could be successfully utilized to screen for molecules that can ameliorate hypoxia/ischemia-induced axonal degeneration.
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