1
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Despax J, Lacharité C, Bouteyre E. Adoptees' experiences of using direct-to-consumer genetic testing and determinants of this use: A mixed study in Quebec. J Genet Couns 2024. [PMID: 39175135 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Adoptees' use of direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) is known to raise both ethical and emotional issues, and it can also challenge their identity. The objective of the present study was to describe the experiences of DTC-GT use among adoptees living in Quebec and to better understand the benefits and disadvantages of use. We adopted a mixed method approach whereby a questionnaire comprising standardized scales was administered to 143 adoptees who had used genetic testing and 40 adoptees who had not. Semi-structured interviews were performed with five respondents from the DTC-GT use group. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed and integrated together using the Pillar Integration Process. The results highlighted familial reunion as the primary motivation for the use of DTC-GT among responding adoptees. Reported challenges included needing help with results interpretation, as well as the need for autonomy in the ownership of the results. Participants describe not being particularly concerned by potential ethical issues, describing the benefits of the tests as more important than possible disadvantages. Overall, participants had a good experience of using DTC-GT, and users were less anxious. Various factors associated with the use and experience of use were highlighted (age, psychological distress, community membership, etc.). The results from this study provide much-needed information about adoptees' needs regarding DTC-GT, highlight key risk factors, and introduces best practice recommendations so that adoptees are properly informed and supported when pursuing DTC-GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Despax
- Centre d'Etudes Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l'Enfant et de la Famille (CEIDEF), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Lacharité
- Centre d'Etudes Interdisciplinaires sur le Développement de l'Enfant et de la Famille (CEIDEF), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| | - Evelyne Bouteyre
- EA 3278, Laboratory LPCPP, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
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2
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Huang J, Kwan MP, Kan Z, Kieu M, Lee J, Schwanen T, Yamada I. Inter-relationships among individual views of COVID-19 control measures across multi-cultural contexts. Soc Sci Med 2024; 358:117247. [PMID: 39173292 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Individual-level georeferenced data have been widely used in COVID-19 control measures around the world. Recent research observed that there is a trade-off relationship between people's privacy concerns and their acceptance of these control measures. However, whether this trade-off relationship exists across different cultural contexts is still unaddressed. Using data we collected via an international survey (n = 4260) and network analysis, our study found a substantial trade-off inter-relationship among people's privacy concerns, perceived social benefits, and acceptance across different control measures and study areas. People's privacy concerns in culturally tight societies (e.g., Japan) have the smallest negative impacts on their acceptance of pandemic control measures. The results also identify people's key views of specific control measures that can influence their views of other control measures. The impacts of these key views are heightened among participants with a conservative political view, high levels of perceived social tightness, and vertical individualism. Our results indicate that cultural factors are a key mechanism that mediate people's privacy concerns and their acceptance of pandemic control measures. These close inter-relationships lead to a double-edged sword effect: the increased positive impacts of people's acceptance and perceived social benefits also lead to increased negative impacts of privacy concerns in different combinations of control strategies. The findings highlight the importance of cultural factors as key determinants that affect people's acceptance or rejection of specific pandemic control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Huang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, and Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zihan Kan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, and Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Minh Kieu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- Departments of Geoinformatics, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, South Korea.
| | - Tim Schwanen
- School of Geography and the Environment, Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK.
| | - Ikuho Yamada
- Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.
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3
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Oburu P. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:522-530. [PMID: 38167805 PMCID: PMC11219524 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Children's, mothers' and fathers' reports were used to assess whether mothers' and fathers' individualism, collectivism and conformity values are significantly related to parenting behaviours and child adjustment during middle childhood. A sample of 95 children, 95 mothers and 94 fathers was recruited from Kisumu, Kenya. Our results indicated that controlling for child gender and parents' education, mothers' and fathers' higher collectivism values were associated with higher expectations regarding children's family obligations. Children of mothers who were more individualistic perceived that less was required of them in terms of family obligations. Mothers' conformity values were associated with more maternal and paternal warmth, and higher maternal expectations regarding children's family obligations, controlling for child gender and mothers' education. Mothers' education was significantly associated with more maternal and paternal warmth, more parental knowledge solicitation and higher paternal expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' and mothers' individualism was associated with lower expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' individualism was positively correlated with knowledge solicitation and more rules/limit-setting. Fathers' higher conformity values were correlated with more maternal warmth, more paternal warmth, more knowledge solicitation and mothers' and fathers' higher expectations regarding children's family obligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Oburu
- Education Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
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4
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Butler S. Young people on social media in a globalized world: self-optimization in highly competitive and achievement-oriented forms of life. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1340605. [PMID: 39035080 PMCID: PMC11258645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research investigating young people's social media use has been criticized for its limited theoretical foundations and scope. This paper elaborates young people's social media activity from a socio-ecological evolutionary perspective (SEE), where young people's online exchanges cannot be divorced from the highly competitive and achievement-oriented modern market cultures in which they live. In highly competitive and achievement-oriented forms of life, young people's social media environments are often constituted as dynamic and evolving extrinsically oriented ecological niches that afford for status and identity enhancement while also affording for peer approval, belongingness, and self-worth nested within, and subordinate to, these higher-order affordances. The extrinsic value organization of social media platforms that serve young people's status and identity-enhancement are embodied by a community of mutually interdependent criteria that are evolutionary-based, developmentally salient, and market-driven: physical attractiveness, high (educational and extracurricular) achievements, and material success. Young people's online signaling of these interdependent extrinsic criteria affords for status-allocation and self-enhancement, where each criteria becomes an arena for social competition and identity formation, enabling young people to build personal and optimal models of social success congruent with their own interests and abilities. Young people's status and identity enhancing signaling of these extrinsic criteria is moving toward increasingly idealized or perfect embodiments, informed by accelerating, short-term positive feedback processes that benefit from the technological affordances and densely rewarding peer environments instantiated on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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5
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Sun Y, Kinsella EL, Igou ER. On Cultural Differences of Heroes: Evidence From Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:841-856. [PMID: 36727610 PMCID: PMC11080389 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221150238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Building on earlier research that examined the characteristics people associate with heroes, our research examined similarities and differences of the hero stereotype across cultures. Specifically, in Study 1 (N = 209) and Study 2 (N = 298), we investigated lay perceptions of heroes among participants from a collectivistic culture. In Study 3 (N = 586), we examined whether group membership could be determined by participants' centrality ratings of the combined set of hero features. In Study 4 (N = 197), we tested whether the hero features that distinguish American and Chinese participants, when used to describe a target person, influence the impression that the target person is a hero. In Study 5 (N = 158) and Study 6 (N = 591), we investigated cultural differences in perceptions of different types of heroes (e.g., social, martial, civil) and the influence of individualism and collectivism on the perception of those heroes.
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Xia M, Poorthuis AMG, Thomaes S. Children's overestimation of performance across age, task, and historical time: A meta-analysis. Child Dev 2024; 95:1001-1022. [PMID: 37997449 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Children tend to overestimate their performance on a variety of tasks and activities. The present meta-analysis examines the specificity of this phenomenon across age, tasks, and more than five decades of historical time (1968-2021). Self-overestimation was operationalized as the ratio between children's prospective self-estimates of task performance and their actual (i.e., objectively measured) task performance. A total of 246 effect sizes from 43 published articles were analyzed (4277 participants; 49.6% girls; sample mean ages range from 4 to 12; 86.0% of studies conducted in North America or Europe). Children's self-overestimation was robust across tasks, with their estimates of performance being 1.3 times their actual performance. In addition, children's self-overestimation decreased with sample age and increased with the year of data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Xia
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Thomaes
- Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Schelleman-Offermans K, Dito BB, Gudeta KH, Fourie E, Kebede SW, Mazzucato V, Jonas KJ. Socio-economic inequities in mental health problems and wellbeing among women working in the apparel and floriculture sectors: testing the mediating role of psychological capital, social support and tangible assets. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1157. [PMID: 38658920 PMCID: PMC11044536 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still unknown whether the mechanisms proposed by the Reserve Capacity Model (RCM) explaining socio-economic health and wellbeing inequities in high income countries can be applied to low-income countries. This study investigates whether different reserve capacities (intra-, inter-personal, and tangible) can explain the association between relative socio-economic position (SEP) and wellbeing outcome measures among Ethiopian women working in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, we collected quantitative survey data among 2,515 women working in the apparel and floriculture sectors in Ethiopia, measuring GHQ-12 mental health problems, multi-dimensional wellbeing, relative SEP, psychological capital (PsyCap), social support (emotional and financial social support network), and tangible assets (e.g., owning mobile phone, having access to toilet facilities). We used cluster-adjusted structural equation modelling to test whether PsyCap, social support, and/or tangible assets mediate the association between relative SEP (IV) and GHQ-12 mental health problems and multi-dimensional wellbeing (DVs). RESULTS PsyCap and the size of the financial support network significantly mediate the socio-economic gradient in both wellbeing outcomes. The size of the emotional social support network shows no association with multi-dimensional wellbeing and shows an unexpected negative association with GHQ-12 mental health problems scores, including a significant mediation effect. Tangible assets show no association with the wellbeing outcome measures and do not mediate socio-economic mental health problems and wellbeing inequities. CONCLUSIONS The RCM can be applied in low-income countries, although in unexpected ways. Similar to findings from high-income countries, PsyCap and size of the financial social support network show significant mediation effects in explaining mental health problems and wellbeing inequities in Ethiopia. These reserves could therefore serve as a buffer for socio-economic inequities in mental health and wellbeing and can therefore assist in decreasing these inequities for women working in FDI sectors in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schelleman-Offermans
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, Maastricht, 6200MD, the Netherlands.
| | - Bilisuma B Dito
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Konjit H Gudeta
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School of Commerce, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elsje Fourie
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Valentina Mazzucato
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai J Jonas
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, Maastricht, 6200MD, the Netherlands
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8
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Jackson JC, Medvedev D. Worldwide divergence of values. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2650. [PMID: 38594270 PMCID: PMC11004123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Social scientists have long debated the nature of cultural change in a modernizing and globalizing world. Some scholars predicted that national cultures would converge by adopting social values typical of Western democracies. Others predicted that cultural differences in values would persist or even increase over time. We test these competing predictions by analyzing survey data from 1981 to 2022 (n = 406,185) from 76 national cultures. We find evidence of global value divergence. Values emphasizing tolerance and self-expression have diverged most sharply, especially between high-income Western countries and the rest of the world. We also find that countries with similar per-capita GDP levels have held similar values over the last 40 years. Over time, however, geographic proximity has emerged as an increasingly strong correlate of value similarity, indicating that values have diverged globally but converged regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danila Medvedev
- Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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9
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Tang X, Lam JS, Garrett B. Validation of the brief version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II scale and evaluation of measurement invariance across age and gender in the Canadian general population. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27751. [PMID: 38560669 PMCID: PMC10979157 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Measurement tools that can assess personality traits rendering people more susceptible to engagement with and compliance in scams can help identify at-risk populations. The brief, 30-item version of the Susceptibility to Persuasion-II (StP-II-B) scale is a recently developed instrument for assessing 10 personality traits that play a role in scam compliance; however, psychometric evidence supporting the use of this scale is limited. This study aimed to validate the StP-II-B by examining its internal consistency reliability, factor structure, as well as age- and gender-related measurement invariance with a sample of 1287 Canadians aged 16 years and older. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 10-factor structure identified in previous research. Good internal consistency reliability was obtained for each of the 10 subscales. This 10-factor structure was found to be invariant across age and gender at configural, metric, and scalar levels, suggesting that the StP-II-B was conceptualized in the same way across age and gender and that meaningful comparisons of factor scores could be made. Age and gender differences were found in most factors, with younger individuals and men scoring higher than older individuals and women. This study supports the use of the StP-II-B as a valid and reliable scale for measuring personality traits associated with scam compliance in the Canadian general population and offers insights into age and gender cohorts that may be at higher risk of scam victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Tang
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joyce S.T. Lam
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernie Garrett
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Aguayo-Mendoza A, Irizar-Arrieta A, Casado-Mansilla D, Borges CE. Understanding the factors that affect households' investment decisions required by the energy transition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297222. [PMID: 38512804 PMCID: PMC10956834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In energy systems' economic models, people's behaviour is often underestimated, and they are generally unaware of how habits impact energy efficiency. Improving efficiency is challenging, and recommendations alone may not be sufficient. Changing behaviour requires understanding the direct impact of needs and habits on energy efficiency. This research introduces a methodology that retrieves human expert knowledge from four key aspects of the current energy transition: everyday appliances, buildings, mobility, flexibility, and energy efficiency. The aim is to examine the causal relationship between energy consumption and human behaviour, gaining a deeper understanding of the links among the factors that drive final energy consumers to change habits through the adoption of energy-saving measures. Working in collaboration with expert panels, this study provides a methodology for extracting expert human knowledge based on a set of future energy transition scenarios aligned with the achievement of the Paris Agreement, a taxonomy of 32 factors that have a strong influence on households' investment decisions, and the results of a survey that characterises the European population through the 32-factor taxonomy and some socioeconomic conditions. In addition, the survey included a sample of the Latin American population to analyse how socioeconomic conditions (region, education, gender, etc.) influence the prioritisation of these factors. We discuss the high priority given to competence and autonomy over financial factors by inhabitants of the European Union residential sector. We provide an analysis of the factors through which other similar projects are focused and on which we converge. In addition, we contribute by presenting the hierarchy of priorities assigned by people. This highlights the importance for policymakers to take these aspects seriously when implementing energy policy interventions that go beyond purely financial measures and fiscal incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ane Irizar-Arrieta
- Faculty of New Interactive Technologies, Universidad EUNEIZ, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | - Cruz E. Borges
- DeustoTech, Faculty of Engineering, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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11
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Weltzien S, Marsh L, Kanngiesser P, Hood B. Young dictators-Speaking about oneself decreases generosity in children from two cultural contexts. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300200. [PMID: 38452146 PMCID: PMC10919844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sharing of resources is a common feature of human societies. Yet, there is substantial societal variation in children's generosity, and this variation emerges during middle childhood. Societal differences in self-construal orientation may be one factor influencing the ontogeny of generosity. Here, we examine anonymous Dictator Game sharing in 7-and-8-year-olds from two distinct societies: India and the UK (N = 180). We used self-construal manipulations to investigate whether priming self- or other-focused conversations would differentially influence children's generosity. There were no differences in generosity between populations. While a significant reduction in generosity was found following self-priming in both societies, other-priming was ineffectual. The findings are discussed in relation to experimental features and the role of anonymity and reputational concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weltzien
- Bristol Cognitive Development Centre, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Marsh
- Bristol Cognitive Development Centre, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bruce Hood
- Bristol Cognitive Development Centre, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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12
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Kang K, Xu X, Dong R, Tian G. The risk perception of COVID-19 and pandemic-related behaviors: a moderated mediation model of political trust and self-efficacy. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:514-527. [PMID: 36998100 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2197648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
As the pandemic continues to spread across the world, the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its recurrence pose challenges for pandemic control in all countries worldwide. The present study examines the mediating role of political trust in the relationship between risk perception and pandemic-related behaviors (preventive behaviors and hoarding behaviors), and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on this relationship. The responses of 827 Chinese residents revealed that political trust plays a mediating role in the relationship between risk perception and pandemic-related behaviors. The relationship between risk perception and political trust was significant for individuals with low self-efficacy, while it became weaker for those with high self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Kang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Dong
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganyu Tian
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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13
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Gobel MS, Miyamoto Y. Self- and Other-Orientation in High Rank: A Cultural Psychological Approach to Social Hierarchy. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2024; 28:54-80. [PMID: 37226514 PMCID: PMC10851657 DOI: 10.1177/10888683231172252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PUBLIC ABSTRACT Social hierarchy is one fundamental aspect of human life, structuring interactions in families, teams, and entire societies. In this review, we put forward a new theory about how social hierarchy is shaped by the wider societal contexts (i.e., cultures). Comparing East Asian and Western cultural contexts, we show how culture comprises societal beliefs about who can raise to high rank (e.g., become a leader), shapes interactions between high- and low-ranking individuals (e.g., in a team), and influences human thought and behavior in social hierarchies. Overall, we find cultural similarities, in that high-ranking individuals are agentic and self-oriented in both cultural contexts. But we also find important cross-cultural differences. In East Asian cultural contexts, high-ranking individuals are also other oriented; they are also concerned about the people around them and their relationships. We close with a call to action, suggesting studying social hierarchies in more diverse cultural contexts.
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14
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Gelfand MJ, Gavrilets S, Nunn N. Norm Dynamics: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Social Norm Emergence, Persistence, and Change. Annu Rev Psychol 2024; 75:341-378. [PMID: 37906949 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-033020-013319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Social norms are the glue that holds society together, yet our knowledge of them remains heavily intellectually siloed. This article provides an interdisciplinary review of the emerging field of norm dynamics by integrating research across the social sciences through a cultural-evolutionary lens. After reviewing key distinctions in theory and method, we discuss research on norm psychology-the neural and cognitive underpinnings of social norm learning and acquisition. We then overview how norms emerge and spread through intergenerational transmission, social networks, and group-level ecological and historical factors. Next, we discuss multilevel factors that lead norms to persist, change, or erode over time. We also consider cultural mismatches that can arise when a changing environment leads once-beneficial norms to become maladaptive. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions and the implications of norm dynamics for theory and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Gelfand
- Graduate School of Business and Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Sergey Gavrilets
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nathan Nunn
- Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Kitayama S, Salvador CE. Cultural Psychology: Beyond East and West. Annu Rev Psychol 2024; 75:495-526. [PMID: 37585666 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-021723-063333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Research in cultural psychology over the last three decades has revealed the profound influence of culture on cognitive, emotional, and motivational processes shaping individuals into active agents. This article aims to show cultural psychology's promise in three key steps. First, we review four notable cultural dimensions believed to underlie cultural variations: independent versus interdependent self, individualism versus collectivism, tightness versus looseness of social norms, and relational mobility. Second, we examine how ecology and geography shape human activities and give rise to organized systems of cultural practices and meanings, called eco-cultural complexes. In turn, the eco-cultural complex of each zone is instrumental in shaping a wide range of psychological processes, revealing a psychological diversity that extends beyond the scope of the current East-West literature. Finally, we examine some of the non-Western cultural zones present today, including Arab, East Asian, Latin American, and South Asian zones, and discuss how they may have contributed, to varying degrees, to the formation of the contemporary Western cultural zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Kitayama
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Cristina E Salvador
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
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16
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Kwan MP, Huang J, Kan Z. People's political views, perceived social norms, and individualism shape their privacy concerns for and acceptance of pandemic control measures that use individual-level georeferenced data. Int J Health Geogr 2023; 22:35. [PMID: 38057819 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-023-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the COVID-19 pandemic became a major global health crisis, many COVID-19 control measures that use individual-level georeferenced data (e.g., the locations of people's residences and activities) have been used in different countries around the world. Because these measures involve some disclosure risk and have the potential for privacy violations, people's concerns for geoprivacy (locational privacy) have recently heightened as a result, leading to an urgent need to understand and address the geoprivacy issues associated with COVID-19 control measures that use data on people's private locations. METHODS We conducted an international cross-sectional survey in six study areas (n = 4260) to examine how people's political views, perceived social norms, and individualism shape their privacy concerns, perceived social benefits, and acceptance of ten COVID-19 control measures that use individual-level georeferenced data. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine these effects. We also applied multilevel structure equation models (SEMs) to explore the direct, indirect, and mediating effects among the variables. RESULTS We observed a tradeoff relationship between people's privacy concerns and the acceptance (and perceived social benefits) of the control measures. People's perceived social tightness and vertical individualism are positively associated with their acceptance and perceived social benefits of the control measures, while horizontal individualism has a negative association. Further, people with conservative political views and high levels of individualism (both vertical and horizontal) have high levels of privacy concerns. CONCLUSIONS Our results first suggest that people's privacy concerns significantly affect their perceived social benefits and acceptance of the COVID-19 control measures. Besides, our results also imply that strengthening social norms may increase people's acceptance and perceived social benefits of the control measures but may not reduce people's privacy concerns, which could be an obstacle to the implementation of similar control measures during future pandemics. Lastly, people's privacy concerns tend to increase with their conservatism and individualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, and Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jianwei Huang
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihan Kan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, and Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Haase CM. Emotion Regulation in Couples Across Adulthood. ANNUAL REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 5:399-421. [PMID: 38939362 PMCID: PMC11210602 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120621-043836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Intimate relationships are hotbeds of emotion. This article presents key findings and current directions in research on couples' emotion regulation across adulthood as a critical context in which older adults not only maintain functioning but may also outshine younger adults. First, I introduce key concepts, defining qualities (i.e., dynamic, coregulatory, bidirectional, bivalent), and measures (i.e., self-report versus performance-based) of couples' emotion regulation. Second, I highlight a socioemotional turn in our understanding of adult development with the advent of socioemotional selectivity theory. Third, I offer a life-span developmental perspective on emotion regulation in couples (i.e., across infancy, adolescence and young adulthood, midlife, and late life). Finally, I present the idea that emotion regulation may shift from "me to us" across adulthood and discuss how emotion regulation in couples may become more important, better, and increasingly consequential (e.g., for relationship outcomes, well-being, and health) with age. Ideas for future research are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Haase
- School of Education and Social Policy and (by courtesy) Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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18
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Tang Z, Xiang H, Geng Y, Liao X, Zhang M, Zhang T. Association between screen time and depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese medical students: Mediator role of empathy. Nurs Health Sci 2023; 25:654-664. [PMID: 37837276 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Medical students are at high risk of psychological subhealth under heavy stress with increasing screen time. This study aimed to explore the association between screen time and depressive symptoms and determine empathy as a mediating factor. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 945 medical students were surveyed, and 924 medical students were ultimately included after standard exclusion criteria. They reported their daily screen time and completed the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version (JSE-S) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). t tests and analysis of variance showed a significant difference in empathy and depressive symptoms by sex, stage, and screen time. The correlation analysis revealed that both affective and cognitive empathy have inverse associations with depressive symptoms. The mediation model confirmed that cognitive empathy played a positive mediating role between screen time and depressive symptoms, reducing the impact of screen time on depressive symptoms. Our study may add empirical evidence to prevent and intervene in depressive symptoms. These findings call for considering controlling screen time and enhancing cognitive empathy as interventions for medical students' depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Tang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongshu Xiang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Geng
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiting Liao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Cai W, Guinote A, Kou Y. Individualistic powerfulness and collectivistic powerlessness corrupts: how power and cultural orientation influence corruption. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37964607 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2023.2279536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from individualistic cultures suggests that power corrupts. Using a goals-based perspective, here we argue that power and culture jointly predict corrupt attitudes and behavior. Four studies (N = 447) and one meta-analysis were conducted to test these hypotheses. Study 1 investigated the joint effects of power and individuals' cultural orientations on corruption proclivity. Studies 2 and 3 assessed if power and cultural orientations affect actual corrupt behaviors (i.e. abuse of discretion in Study 2 and bribe-taking in Study 3). Study 4 tested the hypothesis at a national level, using monocultural samples both in the UK and China. The results consistently showed that the effects of power on corruption depend on culture: for collectivistic individual orientations and cultures, holding power predicts less corruption than lacking power; in contrast, holding power predicts more corruption for individualist orientations and cultures. Our findings represent the first direct experimental and correlational evidence regarding the links between power, culture, and corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P.R. China
| | - Ana Guinote
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom, and Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIS-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yu Kou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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20
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Bunker CJ, Kwan VSY. Deviation from Design: A Meta-Analytic Review on the Link Between Social Media Use and Less Connection Between the Self and Others. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023; 26:805-822. [PMID: 37738319 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Social media were designed to connect people and support interpersonal relationships. However, whether social media use is linked to the connection between the self and others is unknown. The present research reviewed findings across psychology to address whether social media use is linked to defining and expressing the self as connected to others (i.e., interdependence) versus separate from others (i.e., independence) and whether this link appears in both individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Eligible studies reported an association between social media use (e.g., time spent, frequency of use) and a characteristic supportive of independence (e.g., narcissism, envy, self-enhancement). Meta-analytic results of 133 effect sizes across the reviewed studies show that social media use is linked to independence rather than interdependence. This relationship was more pronounced in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures. These findings suggest that characteristics linked to social media use differ from what one might expect based on the design of social media to connect people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Bunker
- Department of Marketing Communication, Emerson College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginia S Y Kwan
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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21
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Zhang J, Dong C, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Li H, Li Y. Parental Phubbing and Child Social-Emotional Adjustment: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Conducted in China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4267-4285. [PMID: 37877136 PMCID: PMC10591670 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s417718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parental phubbing refers to the act of parents using mobile phones in the presence of their children instead of engaging with them. With increasing smartphone use in many households, parental phubbing is a potential threat to children's healthy development. This meta-analysis synthesized the existing evidence on the impact of parental phubbing on children's social-emotional development to examine the effect sizes and identify the moderators. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across multiple electronic databases (Web of Science, EBSCO, ProQuest, Springer, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from 2012 to May 2023. Our search included both English and Chinese literature, encompassing published journal articles as well as thesis. To assess the risk of bias, we utilized the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot interpretation and Egger's regression intercept. Results Our comprehensive search identified 42 studies with 56,275 children and 59 effect sizes. A random-effects meta-analysis revealed that parental phubbing was positively associated with children's internalizing problems (r = 0.270; 95% CI [0.234, 0.304]) and externalizing problems (r = 0.210; 95% CI [0.154, 0.264]), while negatively correlated with children's self-concept (r = -0.206; 95% CI [-0.244, -0.168]) and social-emotional competence (r = -0.162; 95% CI [-0.207, -0.120]). Furthermore, the parental phubbing group moderated the association between parental phubbing and internalizing problems, when both parents engage in phubbing, there is a stronger association with children's externalizing problems compared to when only one parent is engaging in phubbing. Discussion The findings of this meta-analysis provide strong evidence supporting the detrimental effects of parental phubbing on child social-emotional adjustment. Consequently, parents, researchers, and the government must collaborate to mitigate parental phubbing and promote the healthy development of children's social-emotional abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Dong
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Lu JG. Cultural differences in humor: A systematic review and critique. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101690. [PMID: 37757489 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Humor is universal but also culturally nuanced. This review (including 31 empirical articles in English) systematically examines cultural differences in humor perception and use. Most notably, North Americans tend to perceive humor more positively, rate themselves as more humorous, and use humor more than East Asians. Moreover, this review highlights complex cultural differences in the use of four humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating). Finally, I discuss limitations of the cross-cultural literature on humor and propose future research directions. Theoretically, more studies should move beyond comparing East Asian and North American cultures, examine the consequences of cultural differences in humor, and track changes in humor perception and use over time. Methodologically, more studies should employ experiments to strengthen causality, recruit larger and more representative samples, and preregister theory-driven hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson G Lu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.
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23
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Ivanova D, Büchs M. Barriers and enablers around radical sharing. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e784-e792. [PMID: 37673549 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple social and ecological crises are currently unfolding, the tackling of which requires a thorough understanding of their interlinkages and root causes. More sharing of essential resources while increasing access to valuable goods and services, especially for the most vulnerable in society, has been proposed as an effective strategy to reduce environmental and social damage. However, a more reflective approach to sharing is needed to make sure that it does not worsen some of the issues that it aims to address. In this Personal View, we outline the principles of radical sharing, which highlight the salience of environmental limits, access to essential goods and services, and non-exploitative relationships. Furthermore, we discuss key enablers and barriers to radical sharing and a more successful integration into sharing practices that prioritise needs satisfaction for all within planetary boundaries. Critical perspectives on the sharing economy need to account for the role of power, politics, capitalism, and citizenship alongside the more widely discussed issues around exploitation, discrimination, and greenwashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ivanova
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Milena Büchs
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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24
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Van Schalkwyk J, Gentz S. Factors affecting resilience in Namibian children exposed to parental divorce: a Q-Methodology study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1221697. [PMID: 37701873 PMCID: PMC10493287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1221697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Divorce is a contributor to family instability within sub-Saharan Africa, and specifically within Namibia, an increasing number of children are exposed to its impact. However, not all children react uniformly to the impact of parental divorce, and many children may be resilient. Understanding what promotes resilience in children post-divorce in African contexts is vital, given the unique socio-cultural context. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how some children are capable of resilience despite exposure to parental divorce in Namibia. Methods A multiple case study design was employed to assess the lived experiences of children aged 9-12 post-parental divorce in Windhoek. Using the Child and Youth Resilience Measurement (CYRM-12) scale, 24 children exposed to parental divorce were screened for resiliency. The Q-Methodology, with visual material, was utilized with a sub-sample of 12 children who scored high on the CYRM (50% girls, mean age = 11) to eliminate some of the challenges associated with gathering qualitative data from younger children. The PQ Method 2.35 software program was used for data analysis. Results By-person factor analysis identified four statistically significant profiles. A third (33%) of participants loaded on a factor emphasizing "quality parent-child relationships" and a further 33% emphasizing "effective parent conflict resolution." The final two factors emphasized "healthy school attachment" (17%) and "strong community attachment" (17%). All children emphasized a stable, loving familial environment, and frequent visitation with the non-custodial father. Discussion Our findings suggest that multiple social ecologies nurture resilience in children exposed to parental divorce in Namibia. Support should be extended beyond the perimeters of the nuclear family, and relationships with extended family members, peer groups, school, and the wider community can play an important role in children's adjustment. The study highlights the importance of contextually grounded resilience as some factors that are emphasized for children from more Western communities do not reflect as strongly in the results of this study. Other factors, including a stronger reliance on community and factors such as the school, peers, and extended family members, may play a bigger role in child resilience post-divorce in Namibia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelene Gentz
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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25
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Lammers J. Collective nostalgia and political ideology. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 52:101607. [PMID: 37336057 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Collective nostalgia is a form of nostalgia that is contingent upon thinking of oneself in terms of a particular social identity. Research has focused in particular on collective nostalgia for a nation's past. Here, I propose that conservatives and others on the right side of the political spectrum experience stronger collective nostalgia for their nation's past than liberals and those on the left. I first explain the roots of this prediction in conservative political philosophy, review empirical evidence in favor of that idea, and summarize findings that show the significance of this link for policy support. Finally, I review and discuss evidence that qualifies the link between conservatism and collective nostalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Lammers
- University of Cologne, Department of Psychology, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931, Köln, Germany.
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26
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Ten Have M, Tuithof M, van Dorsselaer S, Schouten F, Luik AI, de Graaf R. Prevalence and trends of common mental disorders from 2007-2009 to 2019-2022: results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS), including comparison of prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:275-285. [PMID: 37159351 PMCID: PMC10168151 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-to-date information on the prevalence and trends of common mental disorders is relevant to health care policy and planning, owing to the high burden associated with these disorders. In the first wave of the third Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-3), a nationally representative sample was interviewed face-to-face from November 2019 to March 2022 (6,194 subjects; 1,576 interviewed before and 4,618 during the COVID-19 pandemic; age range: 18-75 years). A slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was used to assess DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnoses. Trends in 12-month prevalence rates of DSM-IV mental disorders were examined by comparing these rates between NEMESIS-3 and NEMESIS-2 (6,646 subjects; age range: 18-64 years; interviewed from November 2007 to July 2009). Lifetime DSM-5 prevalence estimates in NEMESIS-3 were 28.6% for anxiety disorders, 27.6% for mood disorders, 16.7% for substance use disorders, and 3.6% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Over the last 12 months, prevalence rates were 15.2%, 9.8%, 7.1%, and 3.2%, respectively. No differences in 12-month prevalence rates before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic were found (26.7% pre-pandemic vs. 25.7% during the pandemic), even after controlling for differences in socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents interviewed in these two periods. This was the case for all four disorder categories. From 2007-2009 to 2019-2022, the 12-month prevalence rate of any DSM-IV disorder significantly increased from 17.4% to 26.1%. A stronger increase in prevalence was found for students, younger adults (18-34 years) and city dwellers. These data suggest that the prevalence of mental disorders has increased in the past decade, but this is not explained by the COVID-19 pandemic. The already high mental disorder risk of young adults has particularly further increased in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlous Tuithof
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van Dorsselaer
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederiek Schouten
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Previous research has indicated that some aspects of Chinese culture became more individualistic. However, prior studies have suggested a decrease in individualism in other aspects of China. Thus, it was unclear whether China became more individualistic. Therefore, the current research investigated whether Chinese culture became more individualistic by examining historical changes in family structure. Specifically, I analyzed temporal shifts in the divorce rate and household size, which have been confirmed as valid representative indicators of individualism. Results showed that the divorce rate increased between 1978 and 2017 and household size decreased between 1953 and 2017, indicating a rise in individualism. Moreover, analyses suggested that the one-child policy was unlikely the sole and major factor in the decrease in household size. Additionally, the aggregated score of divorce rate and household size demonstrated a clear increase in individualism. Therefore, the present research provided further evidence of the rise in individualism in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogihara
- Faculty of Science Division II, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095-1563, USA
- Department of Cognitive Psychology in Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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28
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Marcus J, Cetin E. Genetic predictors of cultural values variation between societies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7986. [PMID: 37198209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between the STin2 and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms within the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4, and culture across societies were examined. Based on an analysis of 75 primary studies (28,726 individuals), STin2 allelic frequencies were found to vary widely across countries, ranging from 26% in Germany to 85% in Singapore. Across 53 countries, and after controlling for all major environmental influences of culture, STin2 and 5-HTTLPR were found to explain 23.6% unique variance in monumentalism but none in individualism. Our findings evidence a significant role of genetics in predicting cross-societal cultural values variation, and potentially speak to the need for and importance of incorporating both nature and nurture in theories of cultural values variation across societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Marcus
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Mah., Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ecesu Cetin
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Mah., Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Mustafa A, Jungari S, Shekhar C. Relationship between children’s educational attainment and parental depression among Indian elderly parents. ASIAN POPULATION STUDIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2023.2193515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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30
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Akaliyski P. Distinct Conceptions of Freedom in East Asia and the Protestant West Underpin Unique Pathways of Societal Development. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221143320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Western theories of modernization and cultural change suppose that socioeconomic development fosters support for freedom and equality in all societies. Cultural relativism and “Asian Values” thesis challenge such theories of universal human development by arguing that East Asian societies’ cultural legacies predispose them to a distinct pathway of cultural and societal development. This study uses nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Values Study to test whether East Asian and hystorically Protestant Western societies hold six domains of freedom aspirations as strongly as their level of socioeconomic development predicts. Protestant Western nations score consistently high on all freedom aspirations, while East Asia’s scores are higher than predicted for personal autonomy and secular identity but lower for the other four domains: individual freedom, gender equality, political liberalism, and ethnic tolerance. Multidimensional scaling reveals clearly distinguishable Protestant Western and East Asian cultural models. The dimensions these models are depicted by are associated with various salient societal outcomes. East Asia’s emphasis on personal autonomy and secular identity is compatible with good physical and mental health, low crime, competitive economy, and educational achievements. Protestant West’s support for other aspects of freedom is associated with high subjective well-being, demographic sustainability, human rights and rule of law, democratic institutions, and gender equality. Convergence in cultural and societal development may not be expected in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamen Akaliyski
- Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
- Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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31
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Klackl J, Ochoa DP, Du H, Jonas E, Kashima ES, Ah Gang GC, Kashima Y. A WEIRD Theory? On the Prevalence of Western Folk Theory of Social Change in the West and Asia. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
According to Western folk theory of social change, modernization of societies causes them to become less warm but more competent over time. Since WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) societies are often at the forefront of modernization (with some exceptions, most notably China), these societies may also be most prone to internalizing this folk theory. In this research, we test this idea by making a comparison across a sample group of Western and Asian societies, using a self-report measure of perceived societal warmth and competence: The Social Change Perception Scale (SCPS). We found the scale to be metrically invariant among university students from a set of Western and Asian countries (United States, Australia, New Zealand, Austria, The Philippines, China, and Malaysia). In all seven countries, people expected their society to become more competent over time. In most countries, people also expected their society to become colder over time, although this tendency was slight and insignificant among New Zealanders and Americans. The perceived social cooling tended to be more prevalent in Asian countries rather than in Western countries. The countries’ degrees of WEIRDness, as reflected in their country-level indicators of individualism, education, industrialization, wealth, and democracy, did not adequately account for the observed variation. Though there is still much work to be done in applying the SCPS to broader samples and contexts, this study provides a starting point for measuring and understanding how people experience the social implications of modernization around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongfei Du
- Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, China
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32
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Lu JG, Benet-Martínez V, Wang LC. A Socioecological-Genetic Framework of Culture and Personality: Their Roots, Trends, and Interplay. Annu Rev Psychol 2023; 74:363-390. [PMID: 36100248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-032631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Culture and personality are two central topics in psychology. Individuals are culturally influenced influencers of culture, yet the research linking culture and personality has been limited and fragmentary. We integrate the literatures on culture and personality with recent advances in socioecology and genetics to formulate the Socioecological-Genetic Framework of Culture and Personality. Our framework not only delineates the mutual constitution of culture and personality but also sheds light on (a) the roots of culture and personality, (b) how socioecological changes partly explain temporal trends in culture and personality, and (c) how genes and culture/socioecology interact to influence personality (i.e., nature × nurture interactions). By spotlighting the roles of socioecology and genetics, our integrative framework advances the understanding of culture and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson G Lu
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; ,
| | - Verónica Benet-Martínez
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; .,Catalonian Institution for Advanced Research and Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Changlan Wang
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; ,
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Zeng W, Wei H, Liu M. Need for Distinctiveness Leads to Pathological Internet Use? The Perspective of Cognitive Behavioral Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1609. [PMID: 36674362 PMCID: PMC9867504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on the cognitive behavioral model of pathological Internet use and the gender role theory, this present study investigated the association between the need for distinctiveness and pathological Internet use. Additionally, we explored a mediating role of maladaptive cognition in the association between the need for distinctiveness and pathological Internet use and tested whether the mediation model was moderated by gender. A sample of 745 Chinese university students (Mage = 19.92, SDage = 1.42) was studied and participants completed anonymous questionnaires regarding the need for distinctiveness, maladaptive cognition, and pathological Internet use. Results revealed that the need for distinctiveness was positively associated with pathological Internet use, and the association between the need for distinctiveness and pathological Internet use was mediated by maladaptive cognition. In addition, gender moderated the association between maladaptive cognition and pathological Internet use; the effect was stronger for female participants than male participants. The findings expanded our understanding of the dark side of seeking distinctiveness. Practically, the results suggest that policymakers and psychological practitioners consider gender in preventing and intervening in pathological Internet use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Shen Jun Ru Law School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meiting Liu
- Faculty of Social Studies, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Adelman L, Yogeeswaran K, Verkuyten M. The unintended consequences of tolerance: The experience and repercussions of being tolerated for minority group members. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282073. [PMID: 36947500 PMCID: PMC10032513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerance as forbearance implies the decision to not interfere when others engage in actions or beliefs that you disapprove of. This allows minorities to live the life that they want, despite the disapproval. However, the undercurrent of disapproval which comes with tolerance might carry unintended negative consequences for tolerated minorities. The present research utilizes a novel experimental method to give participants an experience of being tolerated to address two key questions: 1) what are the consequences of being tolerated on personal well-being? 2) how does the experience of being tolerated affect future expectations and willingness to raise one's voice? Across four studies with American and Dutch participants (N = 1,758), we find that being tolerated leads to less positive outcomes on well-being than being accepted (although more positive implications relative to being rejected). Further, being tolerated reduces the expectation of being valued in future encounters while simultaneously tamping down on people's willingness to raise their voice against those who begrudgingly include them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Adelman
- ERCOMER, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kumar Yogeeswaran
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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35
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Luhmann M, Buecker S, Rüsberg M. Loneliness across time and space. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 2:9-23. [PMID: 36406179 PMCID: PMC9640887 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-022-00124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
People feel lonely when their social needs are not met by the quantity and quality of their social relationships. Most research has focused on individual-level predictors of loneliness. However, macro-level factors related to historical time and geographic space might influence loneliness through their effects on individual-level predictors. In this Review, we summarize empirical findings on differences in the prevalence of loneliness across historical time and geographical space and discuss four groups of macro-level factors that might account for these differences: values and norms, family and social lives, technology and digitalization, and living conditions and availability of individual resources. Regarding historical time, media reports convey that loneliness is on the rise, but the empirical evidence is mixed, at least before the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding geographical space, national differences in loneliness are linked to differences in cultural values (such as individualism) but might also be due to differences in the sociodemographic composition of the population. Research on within-country differences in loneliness is scarce but suggests an influence of neighbourhood characteristics. We conclude that a more nuanced understanding of the effects of macro-level factors on loneliness is necessary because of their relevance for public policy and propose specific directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Luhmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanne Buecker
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marilena Rüsberg
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XFaculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Shapouri S. Of Germs and Culture; Parasite Stress as the Origin of Individualism-Collectivism. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:82-89. [PMID: 35966138 PMCID: PMC9362146 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among four proposed origins of individualism-collectivism, modernization theory, rice versus wheat theory, climato-economic theory, and pathogen stress theory, the latter has gained more attention in cross-cultural and evolutionary psychology. Since the parasite stress theory of values and sociality makes a connection between infectious diseases and cultural orientations, it gained even more popularity during the COVID pandemic. But despite extensive research on parasite stress theory, it is not still clear what kind of infectious disease contributes more to the emergence of cultures, what are the possible mechanisms through which pathogenic threat gives rise to cultural systems, and how parasite stress might affect vertical vs. horizontal dimensions of individualism-collectivism. This review summarizes and integrates major findings of parasite stress theory related to individualism-collectivism and its closely related variables and discusses future directions that researchers can take to answer the remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Shapouri
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
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37
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Selcuk B, Gonultas S, Ekerim‐Akbulut M. Development and use of theory of mind in social and cultural context. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Ma Y, Ma C, Lan X. Teacher autonomy support and externalizing problems: Variations based on growth mindset toward personality and ethnicity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1068751. [PMID: 36591055 PMCID: PMC9797674 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1068751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the prevalence of externalizing problems during adolescence, the present study investigated the main and interactive relationships between environmental-level (teacher autonomy support) and person-level (growth mindset toward personality) factors related to externalizing problems. This study further estimated ethnic variations of these relationships among the majority Han and one ethnic minority group (Hui) in China. Methods To achieve the research objectives, the study involved 704 Han (M age = 12.57; 53.7% female) and 642 Hui adolescents (M age = 12.45; 49.4% female) who completed a suite of research questionnaires. Results The results of the hierarchical linear regression analysis, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid internalizing problems, showed that teacher autonomy support was directly and negatively related to externalizing problems. This negative relationship was also moderated by growth mindset toward personality and ethnicity. More specifically, a high growth mindset buffered the undesirable effect of low teacher autonomy support on externalizing problems for Hui adolescents but not Han adolescents. Discussion The finding from the current research suggests that teacher autonomy support plays a universally beneficial role in youth mental health across two selected ethnic groups. At the same time, identifying the protective role of growth mindset has important practical implications for the design of personalized school-based activities that aim to facilitate adaptive youth behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Ma
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- College of Educational Science and Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lan
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Xiaoyu Lan,
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Popular names are given less frequently to babies in individualistic countries: Further validation of unique names as an indicator of individualism. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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40
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Lomas T, Diego-Rosell P, Shiba K, Standridge P, Lee MT, Case B, Lai AY, VanderWeele TJ. Complexifying Individualism Versus Collectivism and West Versus East: Exploring Global Diversity in Perspectives on Self and Other in the Gallup World Poll. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221130978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of research has suggested the West tends toward individualism and the East toward collectivism. We explored this topic on an unprecedented scale through two new items in the 2020 Gallup World Poll, involving 121,207 participants in 116 countries. The first tapped into orientations toward self-care versus other-care (“Do you think people should focus more on taking care of themselves or on taking care of others?”). The second enquired into self-orientation versus other-orientation (“Which of the following is closest to your main purpose in life? Being good at what you do in your daily life, Caring for family and close friends, or Helping other people who need help?”). We anticipated that self-care and self-orientation would index individualism (hence be higher in the West), while other-care and other-orientation would index collectivism (hence be higher in the East). However, contrary to expectation, there was greater self-care in the East (45.82%) than in the West (41.58%). As predicted though, there was greater self-orientation in the West (30.20%) than in the East (23.08.%). Greater self-care in the East invites one of two interpretations. Either these items: (a) index individualism and collectivism as anticipated, so in some ways the East is more individualistic and the West less individualistic than assumed; or (b) do not index individualism and collectivism as anticipated, so the concepts are more complex than often realized (e.g., collectivism may involve prioritizing self-care over other-care). Either way, the findings help complexify these concepts, challenging common cross-cultural generalizations in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Lomas
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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41
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Lin GX, Mikolajczak M, Keller H, Akgun E, Arikan G, Aunola K, Barham E, Besson E, Blanchard MA, Boujut E, Brianda ME, Brytek-Matera A, César F, Chen BB, Dorard G, dos Santos Elias LC, Dunsmuir S, Egorova N, Escobar MJ, Favez N, Fontaine AM, Foran H, Furutani K, Gannagé M, Gaspar M, Godbout L, Goldenberg A, Gross JJ, Gurza MA, Hatta O, Heeren A, Helmy M, Huynh MT, Kaneza E, Kawamoto T, Kellou N, Kpassagou BL, Lazarevic L, Le Vigouroux S, Lebert-Charron A, Leme V, MacCann C, Manrique-Millones D, Medjahdi O, Millones Rivalles RB, Miranda Orrego MI, Miscioscia M, Mousavi SF, Moutassem-Mimouni B, Murphy H, Ndayizigiye A, Ngnombouowo TJ, Olderbak S, Ornawka S, Cádiz DO, Pérez-Díaz PA, Petrides K, Prikhidko A, Salinas-Quiroz F, Santelices MP, Schrooyen C, Silva P, Simonelli A, Sorkkila M, Stănculescu E, Starchenkova E, Szczygieł D, Tapia J, Tremblay M, Tri TMT, Üstündağ-Budak AM, Valdés Pacheco M, van Bakel H, Verhofstadt L, Wendland J, Yotanyamaneewong S, Roskam I. Parenting Culture(s): Ideal-Parent Beliefs Across 37 Countries. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents emphasized “being caring,” while French-speaking parents valued “listening” or being “present.” Ideal-parent beliefs also differed by education levels within culture zones, but no general pattern was discerned across culture zones. These findings suggest that the country in which parents were born cannot fully explain their differences in ideal-parent beliefs and that differences arising from social class or education level cannot be dismissed. Future research should consider how these differences affect the validity of the measurements in question and how they can be incorporated into parenting intervention research within and across cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Keller
- Osnabrück University, Germany
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mai Helmy
- Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Emérence Kaneza
- Clinique de l’Education et de la Psychothérapie, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Silva
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | | - Dorota Szczygieł
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Thi Minh Thuy Tri
- University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Isham A, Elf P, Jackson T. Self-transcendent experiences as promoters of ecological wellbeing? Exploration of the evidence and hypotheses to be tested. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1051478. [PMID: 36452396 PMCID: PMC9701724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much has been written on the role of different mental states and their potential to influence our way of thinking and, perhaps more importantly, the way we act. With the recent acceleration of environmental and mental health issues, alongside the limited effectiveness of existing interventions, an exploration of new approaches to deliver transformative change is required. We therefore explore the emerging potential of a type of mental state known as self-transcendent experiences (STEs) as a driver of ecological wellbeing. We focus on four types of STEs: those facilitated by experiences of flow, awe, and mindfulness, as well as by psychedelic-induced experiences. Some of these experiences can occur naturally, through sometimes unexpected encounters with nature or during immersion in every-day activities that one intrinsically enjoys, as well as through more intentional practices such as meditation or the administration of psychedelics in controlled, legal settings. We explore the evidence base linking each of the four types of STE to ecological wellbeing before proposing potential hypotheses to be tested to understand why STEs can have such beneficial effects. We end by looking at the factors that might need to be considered if STEs are going to be practically implemented as a means of achieving ecological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Isham
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Elf
- Middlesex University Business School, Centre for Enterprise and Economic Development Research (CEEDR), Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Jackson
- Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity (CUSP), Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Oliver TH, Doherty B, Dornelles A, Gilbert N, Greenwell MP, Harrison LJ, Jones IM, Lewis AC, Moller SJ, Pilley VJ, Tovey P, Weinstein N. A safe and just operating space for human identity: a systems perspective. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e919-e927. [PMID: 36370730 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A safe and just operating space for socioecological systems is a powerful bridging concept in sustainability science. It integrates biophysical earth-system tipping points (ie, thresholds at which small changes can lead to amplifying effects) with social science considerations of distributional equity and justice. Often neglected, however, are the multiple feedback loops between self-identity and planetary boundaries. Environmental degradation can reduce self-identification with nature, leading to decreased pro-environmental behaviours and decreased cooperation with out-groups, further increasing the likelihood of transgressing planetary boundaries. This vicious cycle competes with a virtuous one, where improving environmental quality enhances the integration of nature into self-identity and improves health, thereby facilitating prosocial and pro-environmental behaviour. These behavioural changes can also cascade up to influence social and economic institutions. Given a possible minimum degree of individual self-care to maintain health and prosperity, there would seem to exist an analogous safe and just operating space for self-identity, for which system stewardship for planetary health is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Bob Doherty
- School for Business and Society, University of York, York, UK
| | - Andre Dornelles
- School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nigel Gilbert
- Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Matthew P Greenwell
- School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Laura J Harrison
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian M Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alastair C Lewis
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sarah J Moller
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Vanessa J Pilley
- Systems Innovations and Futures Team, Chief Scientific Adviser's Office, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, UK
| | - Philip Tovey
- Systems Innovations and Futures Team, Chief Scientific Adviser's Office, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, UK
| | - Netta Weinstein
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, Whiteknights Campus, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Zhao S, Liu M, Chen X, Li D, Liu J, Liu S. Unsociability and Psychological and School Adjustment in Chinese Children: The Moderating Effects of Peer Group Cultural Orientations. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221132810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the moderating effects of cultural orientations of peer groups on the relations between unsociability and psychological and school adjustment in Chinese children. Participants included 1,092 students (527 boys, M age = 12.21 years) in the sixth grade in elementary schools. Data on individualistic and collectivistic cultural orientations, unsociability, and adjustment were obtained from multiple sources including peer nominations, teacher ratings, self-reports, and school records. Using the Social Cognitive Map method, 193 peer groups were identified. Among the results, unsociability was negatively associated with peer preference and academic achievement in groups low on individualistic orientation but not in groups high on individualistic orientation. Unsociability was also negatively associated with peer preference more strongly in groups with higher scores of collectivistic orientation. The results suggested that, in general, unsociable children performed better in social and academical areas in more individualistically oriented groups and less collectivistically oriented groups. The cultural context of peer groups may play a significant role in shaping social and school adjustment of unsociable children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinyin Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Normal University, China
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45
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The Ecology-Culture Dataset: A new resource for investigating cultural variation. Sci Data 2022; 9:615. [PMID: 36220886 PMCID: PMC9553914 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scholars interested in cultural diversity have long suggested that similarities and differences across human populations might be understood, at least in part, as stemming from differences in the social and physical ecologies individuals inhabit. Here, we describe the EcoCultural Dataset (ECD), the most comprehensive compilation to date of country-level ecological and cultural variables around the globe. ECD covers 220 countries, 9 ecological variables operationalized by 11 statistical metrics (including measures of variability and predictability), and 72 cultural variables (including values, personality traits, fundamental social motives, subjective well-being, tightness-looseness, indices of corruption, social capital, and gender inequality). This rich dataset can be used to identify novel relationships between ecological and cultural variables, to assess the overall relationship between ecology and culture, to explore the consequences of interactions between different ecological variables, and to construct new indices of cultural distance. Measurement(s) | culture • ecology | Technology Type(s) | archival data |
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46
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Constantino SM, Sparkman G, Kraft-Todd GT, Bicchieri C, Centola D, Shell-Duncan B, Vogt S, Weber EU. Scaling Up Change: A Critical Review and Practical Guide to Harnessing Social Norms for Climate Action. Psychol Sci Public Interest 2022; 23:50-97. [DOI: 10.1177/15291006221105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon emissions have the potential to trigger changes in climate and ecosystems that would be catastrophic for the well-being of humans and other species. Widespread shifts in production and consumption patterns are urgently needed to address climate change. Although transnational agreements and national policy are necessary for a transition to a fully decarbonized global economy, fluctuating political priorities and lobbying by vested interests have slowed these efforts. Against this backdrop, bottom-up pressure from social movements and shifting social norms may offer a complementary path to a more sustainable economy. Furthermore, norm change may be an important component of decarbonization policies by accelerating or strengthening the impacts of other demand-side measures. Individual actions and policy support are social processes—they are intimately linked to expectations about the actions and beliefs of others. Although prevailing social norms often reinforce the status quo and unsustainable development pathways, social dynamics can also create widespread and rapid shifts in cultural values and practices, including increasing pressure on politicians to enact ambitious policy. We synthesize literature on social-norm influence, measurement, and change from the perspectives of psychology, anthropology, sociology, and economics. We discuss the opportunities and challenges for the use of social-norm and social-tipping interventions to promote climate action. Social-norm interventions aimed at addressing climate change or other social dilemmas are promising but no panacea. They require in-depth contextual knowledge, ethical consideration, and situation-specific tailoring and testing to understand whether they can be effectively implemented at scale. Our review aims to provide practitioners with insights and tools to reflect on the promises and pitfalls of such interventions in diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Constantino
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University
| | - Gregg Sparkman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College
| | | | - Cristina Bicchieri
- Center for Social Norms and Behavioral Dynamics, University of Pennsylvania
- Departments of Philosophy and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania
- Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Damon Centola
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania
- School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sonja Vogt
- Faculty of Business and Economics (HEC), University of Lausanne
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern
- Centre for Experimental Social Sciences, Nuffield College, University of Oxford
| | - Elke U. Weber
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University
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Does more moral equal less corruption? The different mediation of moral foundations between economic growth and corruption in China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ma MZ. Heightened religiosity proactively and reactively responds to the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe: Novel insights from the parasite-stress theory of sociality and the behavioral immune system theory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2022; 90:38-56. [PMID: 35855693 PMCID: PMC9276875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the parasite-stress theory of sociality and the behavioral immune system theory, heightened religiosity serves an anti-pathogen function by promoting in-group assortative sociality. Thus, highly religious countries/territories could have better control of the COVID-19 (proactively avoids disease-threat), and heightened COVID-19 threat could increase religiosity (reactively responds to disease-threat). As expected, country-level religiosity (religion-related online searches (Allah, Buddhism, Jesus, etc.) and number of total religions/ethnoreligions) negatively and significantly predicted COVID-19 severity (a composite index of COVID-19 susceptibility, reproductive rate, morbidity, and mortality rates) (Study 1a), after accounting for covariates (e.g., socioeconomic factors, ecological factors, collectivism index, cultural tightness-looseness index, COVID-19 policy response, test-to-case ratio). Moreover, multilevel analysis accounting for daily- (e.g., time-trend effect, season) and macro-level (same as in Study 1a) covariates showed that country-level religious searches, compared with the number of total religions/ethnoreligions, were more robust in negatively and significantly predicting daily-level COVID-19 severity during early pandemic stages (Study 1b). At weekly level, perceived coronavirus threat measured with coronavirus-related searches (corona, covid, covid-19, etc.), compared with actual COVID-19 threat measured with epidemiological data, showed larger effects in positively predicting religious searches (Study 2), after accounting for weekly- (e.g., autocorrelation, time-trend effect, season, religious holidays, major-illness-related searches) and macro-level (e.g., Christian-majority country/territory and all country-level variables in Study 1) covariates. Accordingly, heightened religiosity could proactively and reactively respond to the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mac Zewei Ma
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Association between Health Literacy and Prevalence of Obesity, Arterial Hypertension, and Diabetes Mellitus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159002. [PMID: 35897372 PMCID: PMC9331373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Health literacy (HL) is linked to many health outcomes, including self-management of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the association of health literacy with the prevalence of obesity, arterial hypertension (AH), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center study included 500 patients (42.2% male and 57.8% females; median age, 63 years (interquartile range, 42−73)) hospitalized at General County Hospital in Požega, Croatia, between July and October 2020. The Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Croatian Adults (SAHLCA-50) questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics (median with interquartile range (IQR), frequency, and percentages) and binary logistic regression were utilized. Results: Patients with AH had an inadequate level of health literacy as compared to those without AH (32 vs. 40 points; Mann−Whitney U test, p < 0.001). Patients with T2DM scored 31 points versus 39 points in patients without T2DM (Mann−Whitney U test, p < 0.001). Patients suffering from both AH and T2DM scored 31 points versus 33 points in those with either AH or T2DM and 41 points in patients without AH and T2DM (Kruskal−Wallis test, p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in SAHLCA-50 scores according to the patient body mass index. Conclusions: An inadequate level of health literacy is significantly associated with AH and T2DM but not with obesity. Male gender, low level of education, rural place of residence, retirement, and older age are significant predictors of inadequate health literacy.
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50
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Magson NR, Craven RG, Ryan RM, Blacklock F, Franklin A, Mooney J, Yeung AS, Dillon A. The associations between basic psychological need satisfaction at work and the wellbeing of Indigenous and non-Indigenous employees. Transcult Psychiatry 2022:13634615221111634. [PMID: 35866262 DOI: 10.1177/13634615221111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how satisfaction of the basic psychological needs at work was associated with the psychological and physical wellbeing of Indigenous and non-Indigenous employees both within and outside of the workplace. Participants included 1,146 Indigenous (n = 559) and non-Indigenous Australians (60.9% female), aged 18 to 81 years (Mage = 43.54) who were recruited through their employer or online advertisements. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data, and Indigenous status and occupation type were investigated as moderators. Results revealed that independent of income, autonomy satisfaction was related to better physical and psychological health, satisfaction of the need for relatedness was associated with increased family and community thriving, and competence satisfaction was linked to decreased psychological distress. Results also showed that autonomy, competence, and relatedness need satisfaction was lower among Indigenous employees compared to non-Indigenous employees. Moderation analyses suggested that relatedness at work was especially important for non-Indigenous employees' connection with their community, as were high levels of competence satisfaction for Indigenous employees. These findings are discussed in the context of self-determination theory and the implications for organizations wanting to improve the wellbeing of their Indigenous and non-Indigenous workforce.
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