1
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Juaiti M, Feng Y, Tang Y, Liang B, Zha L, Yu Z. Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental animal models identify a robust biomarker and its correlation with the immune microenvironment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29587. [PMID: 38660271 PMCID: PMC11040037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) represents a substantial global risk to human health. This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers for PAH and assess their association with the immune microenvironment through the utilization of sophisticated bioinformatics techniques. Methods Based on two microarray datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, and hub genes underwent a sequence of machine learning analyses. After pathways associated with PAH were assessed by gene enrichment analysis, the identified genes were validated using external datasets and confirmed in a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced rat model. In addition, three algorithms were employed to estimate the proportions of various immune cell types, and the link between hub genes and immune cells was substantiated. Results Using SVM, LASSO, and WGCNA, we identified seven hub genes, including (BPIFA1, HBA2, HBB, LOC441081, PI15, S100A9, and WIF1), of which only BPIFA1 remained stable in the external datasets and was validated in an MCT-induced rat model. Furthermore, the results of the functional enrichment analysis established a link between PAH and both metabolism and the immune system. Correlation assessment showed that BPIFA1 expression in the MCP-counter algorithm was negatively associated with various immune cell types, positively correlated with macrophages in the ssGSEA algorithm, and correlated with M1 and M2 macrophages in the CIBERSORT algorithm. Conclusion BPIFA1 serves as a modulator of PAH, with the potential to impact the immune microenvironment and disease progression, possibly through its regulatory influence on both M1 and M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukamengjiang Juaiti
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yilu Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Benhui Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lihuang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
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2
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Moratal C, Murdaca J, Cruzel C, Zamiti-Smondel A, Heme N, Asarisi F, Neels JG, Ferrari E, Chinetti G. An exploratory human study investigating the influence of type 2 diabetes on macrophage phenotype after myocardial infarction. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 49:101309. [PMID: 38020056 PMCID: PMC10679475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is the primary cause of death in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their in-hospital mortality after MI is still elevated compared with those without T2D. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to identify possible mechanisms of worse clinical outcomes and mortality in T2D subjects. Monocyte/macrophage-mediated immune response plays an important role in heart remodelling to limit functional deterioration after MI. Indeed, first pro-inflammatory macrophages digest damaged tissue, then anti-inflammatory macrophages become prevalent and promote tissue repair. Here, we hypothesize that the worse clinical outcomes in patients with T2D could be the consequence of a defective or a delayed polarization of macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Methods and results In an exploratory human study, circulating monocytes from male patients with or without T2D at different time-points after MI were in vitro differentiated toward pro- or anti-inflammatory macrophages. The results of this pilot study suggest that the phenotype of circulating monocytes, as well as the pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, or the kinetics of the pro- and anti-inflammatory polarization, is not influenced by T2D. Conclusion Further studies will be necessary to understand the real contribution of macrophages after MI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emile Ferrari
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France
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3
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Tagzirt M, Rosa M, Corseaux D, Vincent F, Vincentelli A, Daoudi M, Jashari R, Staels B, Van Belle E, Susen S, Dupont A. Modulation of inflammatory M1-macrophages phenotype by valvular interstitial cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:e377-e389. [PMID: 36182586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic valve stenosis involves inflammation, excess deposition of a collagen-rich extracellular matrix, and calcification. Recent studies have shown that M1 or inflammatory macrophages derived from infiltrating monocytes promote calcification of valvular interstitial cells, the most prevalent cell type of the aortic valve. We hypothesized that valvular interstitial cells could modulate inflammatory macrophages phenotype. METHODS We first assessed macrophage phenotype in human aortic valve stenosis and control aortic valves from donors. Then, we examined profibrotic and inflammatory-related gene expression in valves and valvular interstitial cells. Finally, we investigated whether valvular interstitial cells can modify the phenotype of inflammatory macrophages. RESULTS Circulating monocytes and plasma transforming growth factor beta-1 levels of patients with aortic valve stenosis were significantly higher compared with patients without aortic valve stenosis. Histologic analysis of thickened spongiosa of the aortic valve from patients with aortic valve stenosis showed a high macrophage infiltration but a low matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression compared with control aortic valves. On the other hand, valvular interstitial cell culture of aortic valve stenosis exhibited a profibrotic phenotype with a high expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 and transforming growth factor beta-1/transforming growth factor beta-3 ratio but a decreased expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma nuclear receptor. Valvular interstitial cell-conditioned media of aortic valve stenosis led to a decrease in enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and an increase in production of collagen in inflammatory macrophages compared with valvular interstitial cell-conditioned media from control aortic valve donors. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that profibrotic valvular interstitial cells promote the imbalance of extracellular matrix remodeling by reducing matrix metalloproteinase-9 production on inflammatory macrophages that lead to excessive collagen deposition observed in aortic valve stenosis. Further investigation is needed to clarify the role of transforming growth factor beta-1/proliferator-activated receptor gamma nuclear receptor/matrix metalloproteinase-9 in aortic valve stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Tagzirt
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Mickael Rosa
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Corseaux
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Flavien Vincent
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - André Vincentelli
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Ramadan Jashari
- European Homograft Bank, Clinic Saint Jean, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eric Van Belle
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Susen
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Annabelle Dupont
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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4
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Dai X, Li L, Yan X, Fan Q, Wang R, Zhang W, Chen W, Liu Y, Meng J, Wang J. Myeloid Vamp3 deletion attenuates CFA-induced inflammation and pain in mice via ameliorating macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239592. [PMID: 37965323 PMCID: PMC10641732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation and associated pain significantly impact individuals' quality of life, posing substantial healthcare challenges. Proinflammatory cytokines, released by activated macrophages, play crucial roles in the development of chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. To identify and evaluate potential therapeutic interventions targeting this process for mitigating inflammation and pain, we created myeloid cell-specific knockout of Vamp3 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 3) mice (Vamp3 Δmyel) by crossing LysM-Cre mice with newly engineered Vamp3flox/flox mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal resident macrophages from Vamp3 Δmyel mice exhibited a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-6 release compared to control mice. Moreover, Vamp3 deficiency led to decreased paw edema and ankle joint swelling induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Furthermore, Vamp3 depletion also mitigated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Mechanistically, Vamp3 loss ameliorated the infiltration of macrophages in peripheral sites of the hind paw and resulted in reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the CFA-injected paw and serum. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated downregulation of various inflammation-associated genes, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL11, TIMP-1, COX-2, CD68, and CD54 in the injected paw at the test day 14 following CFA administration. These findings highlight the novel role of Vamp3 in regulating inflammatory responses and suggest it as a potential therapeutic target for the development of novel Vamp-inactivating therapeutics, with potential applications in the management of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lianlian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinrong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qianqian Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruizhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianghui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jiafu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Kim DH, Kim MJ, Kwak SY, Jeong J, Choi D, Choi SW, Ryu J, Kang KS. Bioengineered liver crosslinked with nano-graphene oxide enables efficient liver regeneration via MMP suppression and immunomodulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:801. [PMID: 36781854 PMCID: PMC9925774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold, widely utilized for organ engineering, often undergoes matrix decomposition after transplantation and produces byproducts that cause inflammation, leading to clinical failure. Here we propose a strategy using nano-graphene oxide to modify the biophysical properties of decellularized liver scaffolds. Notably, we demonstrate that scaffolds crosslinked with nano-graphene oxide show high resistance to enzymatic degradation via direct inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity and increased mechanical rigidity. We find that M2-like macrophage polarization is promoted within the crosslinked scaffolds, which reduces graft-elicited inflammation. Moreover, we show that low activities of matrix metalloproteinases, attributed to both nano-graphene oxide and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases expressed by M2c, can protect the crosslinked scaffolds against in vivo degradation. Lastly, we demonstrate that bioengineered livers fabricated with the crosslinked scaffolds remain functional, thereby effectively regenerating damaged livers after transplantation into liver failure mouse models. Overall, nano-graphene oxide crosslinking prolongs allograft survival and ultimately improves therapeutic effects of bioengineered livers, which offer an alternative for donor organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bio & Nano Convergence, Biogo Co., LTD, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechul Ryu
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bio & Nano Convergence, Biogo Co., LTD, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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The pathologic changes of human placental macrophages in women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Placenta 2022; 130:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Cut loose TIMP-1: an emerging cytokine in inflammation. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 33:413-426. [PMID: 36163148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Appreciation of the entire biological impact of an individual protein can be hampered by its original naming based on one function only. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), mostly known for its eponymous function to inhibit metalloproteinases, exhibits only a fraction of its cellular effects via this feature. Recently, TIMP-1 emerged as a potent cytokine acting via various cell-surface receptors, explaining a so-far under-appreciated role of TIMP-1-mediated signaling on immune cells. This, at least partly, resolved why elevated blood levels of TIMP-1 correlate with progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Here, we emphasize the necessity of unbiased name-independent recognition of structure-function relationships to properly appreciate the biological potential of TIMP-1 and other cytokines in complex physiological processes such as inflammation.
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8
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miR-155: An Important Role in Inflammation Response. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7437281. [PMID: 35434143 PMCID: PMC9007653 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7437281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, mature, noncoding RNA that lead to posttranscriptional gene silencing to regulate gene expression. miRNAs are instrumental in biological processes such as cell development, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis. The miRNA-mediated gene silencing is an important part of the regulation of gene expression in many kinds of diseases. miR-155, one of the best-characterized miRNAs, has been found to be closely related to physiological and pathological processes. What is more, miR-155 can be used as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. We analyze the articles about miR-155 for nearly five years, review the advanced study on the function of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells like T cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages, and then summarize the biological functions of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells. The widespread involvement of miR-155 in human diseases has led to a novel therapeutic approach between Chinese and Western medicine.
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9
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Razeghian-Jahromi I, Karimi Akhormeh A, Razmkhah M, Zibaeenezhad MJ. Immune system and atherosclerosis: Hostile or friendly relationship. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221092188. [PMID: 35410514 PMCID: PMC9009140 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221092188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease has remained a major health challenge despite enormous
progress in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Formation of
atherosclerotic plaque is a chronic process that is developmentally influenced
by intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. Inflammation triggers atherosclerosis,
and the fundamental element of inflammation is the immune system. The immune
system involves in the atherosclerosis process by a variety of immune cells and
a cocktail of mediators. It is believed that almost all main components of this
system possess a profound contribution to the atherosclerosis. However, they
play contradictory roles, either protective or progressive, in different stages
of atherosclerosis progression. It is evident that monocytes are the first
immune cells appeared in the atherosclerotic lesion. With the plaque growth,
other types of the immune cells such as mast cells, and T lymphocytes are
gradually involved. Each cell releases several cytokines which cause the
recruitment of other immune cells to the lesion site. This is followed by
affecting the expression of other cytokines as well as altering certain
signaling pathways. All in all, a mix of intertwined interactions determine the
final outcome in terms of mild or severe manifestations, either clinical or
subclinical. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to precisely understand the
kind and degree of contribution which is made by each immune component in order
to stop the growing burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this
review, we present a comprehensive appraisal on the role of immune cells in the
atherosclerosis initiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Razeghian-Jahromi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, 571605Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi Akhormeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, 571605Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Yu JE, Yeo IJ, Son DJ, Yun J, Han SB, Hong JT. Anti-Chi3L1 antibody suppresses lung tumor growth and metastasis through inhibition of M2 polarization. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:2214-2234. [PMID: 34861103 PMCID: PMC9168758 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (Chi3L1) is associated with various biological processes, such as inflammation, tissue repair, proliferation, cell survival, invasion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Recent studies indicated that Chi3L1 is critical for cancer development and metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that Chi3L1 serum and tissue levels were significantly increased in lung cancer patients compared with controls. We previously developed an anti-Chi3L1-humanized antibody, and here, we investigate its antitumor and antimetastatic effect. The anti-Chi3L1 antibody attenuated tumor growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo in a lung cancer mouse model. These inhibitory effects are associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-dependent M2 polarization inhibition. Proteomics analysis revealed that plasminogen (PLG) interacts with Chi3L1 and affects M2 polarization. Chi3L1 plays a critical role in lung cancer progression, and the anti-Chi3L1 antibody could be a new anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Korea
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11
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Wang JH, Kumar S, Liu GS. Bulk Gene Expression Deconvolution Reveals Infiltration of M2 Macrophages in Retinal Neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:22. [PMID: 34797904 PMCID: PMC8606818 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study interrogated the transcriptional features and immune cellular landscape of the retinae of rats subjected to oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods Bulk RNA sequencing was performed with retinal RNA isolated from control and OIR rats. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was undertaken to identify gene sets associated with immune responses in retinal neovascularization. Bulk gene expression deconvolution analysis by CIBERSORTx was performed to identify immune cell types involved in retinal neovascularization, followed by functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein–protein interaction analysis was performed to predict the hub genes relevant to identified immune cell types. CIBERSORTx was applied to profile immune cell types in the macula of patients with both proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema using a public RNA-seq dataset. Results Transcriptome analysis by GSEA revealed that the retina of OIR rats and patients with PDR is characterized by increased immunoregulatory interactions and complement cascade. Deconvolution analysis demonstrated that M2 macrophages infiltrate the retinae of OIR rats and patients with PDR. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs in OIR rats showed that the dysregulated genes are related to leukocyte-mediated immunity and myeloid leukocyte activation. Downstream protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that several potential hub genes, including Ccl2, Itgam, and Tlr2, contribute to M2 macrophage infiltration in the ischemic retina. Conclusions This study highlights application of the gene expression deconvolution tool to identify immune cell types in inflammatory ocular diseases with transcriptomes, providing a new approach to assess changes in immune cell types in diseased ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Wang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Satheesh Kumar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Monjezi MR, Fouladseresht H, Farjadian S, Gharesi-Fard B, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. T Cell Proliferative Responses and IgG Antibodies to β2GPI in Patients with Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:495-503. [PMID: 32368987 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200505115850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by 2 to 3 folds. Tlymphocytes play a role in atherosclerosis, which is the main pathology behind MI. Cellular immune responses to beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) are shown in carotid atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate the self-reactive, β2GPI-specific T-lymphocytes in patients with and without diabetes and atherosclerosis. METHODS Collectively, 164 subjects with and without diabetes that underwent coronary angiography were divided into four groups based on their diabetes status and coronary stenosis. Group I=Diabetic with ≥50% stenosis: A+D+ (n=66); Group II=Non-diabetic with ≥50% stenosis, A+D- (n=39); Group III=Diabetic with <50% stenosis: A-D+ (n=28); and Group IV=Non-diabetic with <50% stenosis: AD- (n=31). All groups were evaluated for anti-β2GPI IgG antibody by ELISA method. Then, PBMCs were isolated from 18 subjects and were stimulated with β2GPI-derived peptides to assess their proliferation in accordance with their HLA-DRB1 alleles. RESULTS Mean β2GPI IgG levels were higher in groups with ≥50% stenosis (A+) compared to those with <50% stenosis (A-), (P=0.02). The co-presence of diabetes in A+ individuals increased mean β2GPI-specific IgG. Auto-reactive β2GPI-specific T cells were detected in the repertoire of T-lymphocytes in all groups. β2GPI-peptides showed promiscuous restriction by various HLADRB1. CONCLUSION β2GPI is the target of cellular and humoral immune responses in patients with atherosclerosis. Since the T cell responses but not antibodies were detectable in A-D+ and A-D- groups, it is reasonable to assume that cellular responses preceded the humoral responses. Post-translation modifications of β2GPI under oxidative and glycemic stresses may have increased the IgG levels in patients with diabetes. Finally, identification of antigens that trigger immuno-pathogenesis in atherosclerosis and diabetes may help the development of immunomodulation methods to prevent or treat these debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Monjezi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shirin Farjadian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Wang X, Chen S, He J, Chen W, Ding Y, Huang J, Huang J. Histone methyltransferases G9a mediated lipid-induced M1 macrophage polarization through negatively regulating CD36. Metabolism 2021; 114:154404. [PMID: 33069810 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have considered the obesity-related lipid environment as the potential cause for M1 macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of histone methyltransferases G9a in lipids-induced M1 macrophage polarization in type 2 diabetes. METHODS We used saturated fatty acid palmitate to induce macrophage polarization, and performed real-time PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and CHIP assay to study the function and molecular mechanism of G9a. Additionally, we isolated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 187 patients with type 2 diabetes and 68 healthy individuals, and analyzed the expression level of G9a. RESULTS The palmitate treatment induced the macrophage M1 polarization, and decreased the expression of G9a. The deficiency of G9a could promote the palmitate-induced M1 macrophage polarization, whereas, over-expressing G9a notably suppressed this process. Meanwhile, we observed the regulatory role of G9a on the ER stress which could contribute to M1 macrophage. Furthermore, we identified the fatty acid transport protein CD36 as the potential target of G9a. Dependent on the methyltransferase activity, G9a could negatively regulate the expression of CD36 induced by palmitate. The CD36 inhibitor SSO could significantly attenuate the regulatory effect of G9a on M1 macrophage polarization and ER stress. Importantly, G9a was decreased, and suppressed CD36 and M1 macrophage genes in the PBMCs from individuals with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that G9a plays critical roles in lipid-induced M1 macrophage polarization via negatively regulating CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinrong He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Biomimetic 3D Models for Investigating the Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030113. [PMID: 32947976 PMCID: PMC7552756 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the inflammation of artery walls due to the accumulation of lipids, is the most common underlying cause for cardiovascular diseases. Monocytes and macrophages are major cells that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. During this process, an accumulation of LDL-laden macrophages (foam cells) and an alteration in the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization leads to a local vessel stiffening. Current in vitro models are carried out onto two-dimensional tissue culture plastic and cannot replicate the relevant microenvironments. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo conditions, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices that allowed us to mimic the ECM stiffening during atherosclerosis by increasing collagen density. First, human monocytic THP-1 cells were embedded into 3D collagen matrices reconstituted at low and high density. Cells were subsequently differentiated into uncommitted macrophages (M0) and further activated into pro- (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. In order to mimic atherosclerotic conditions, cells were cultured in the presence of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and analyzed in terms of oxLDL uptake capability and relevant receptors along with their cytokine secretomes. Although oxLDL uptake and larger lipid size could be observed in macrophages in a matrix dependent manner, monocytes showed higher numbers of oxLDL uptake cells. By analyzing major oxLDL uptake receptors, both monocytes and macrophages expressed lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1), while enhanced expression of scavenger receptor CD36 could be observed only in M2. Notably, by analyzing the secretome of macrophages exposed to oxLDL, we demonstrated that the cells could, in fact, secrete adipokines and growth factors in distinct patterns. Besides, oxLDL appeared to up-regulate MHCII expression in all cells, while an up-regulation of CD68, a pan-macrophage marker, was found only in monocytes, suggesting a possible differentiation of monocytes into a pro-inflammatory macrophage. Overall, our work demonstrated that collagen density in the plaque could be one of the major factors driving atherosclerotic progression via modulation of monocyte and macrophages behaviors.
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15
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Kowalik MM, Trzonkowski P, Łasińska-Kowara M, Mital A, Smiatacz T, Jaguszewski M. COVID-19 - Toward a comprehensive understanding of the disease. Cardiol J 2020; 27:99-114. [PMID: 32378729 PMCID: PMC8016030 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2020.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence on the pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly growing. Understanding why some patients suffering from COVID-19 are getting so sick, while others are not, has become an informal imperative for researchers and clinicians around the globe. The answer to this question would allow rationalizing the fear surrounding this pandemic. Understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 relies on an understanding of interplaying mechanisms, including SARS-CoV-2 virulence, human immune response, and complex inflammatory reactions with coagulation playing a major role. An interplay with bacterial co-infections, as well as the vascular system and microcirculation affected throughout the body should also be examined. More importantly, a compre-hensive understanding of pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 will increase the efficacy of therapy and decrease mortality. Herewith, presented is the current state of knowledge on COVID-19: beginning from the virus, its transmission, and mechanisms of entry into the human body, through the pathological effects on the cellular level, up to immunological reaction, systemic and organ presentation. Last but not least, currently available and possible future therapeutic and diagnostic options are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej M Kowalik
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-209 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łasińska-Kowara
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mital
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Miłosz Jaguszewski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University Catheterization Laboratories, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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16
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Yao L, Wright MF, Farmer BC, Peterson LS, Khan AM, Zhong J, Gewin L, Hao CM, Yang HC, Fogo AB. Fibroblast-specific plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 depletion ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:2042-2050. [PMID: 31071225 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression increases extracellular matrix deposition and contributes to interstitial fibrosis in the kidney after injury. While PAI-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the kidney, we hypothesized that interstitial fibrosis is strongly dependent on fibroblast-specific PAI-1 (fbPAI-1). METHODS Tenascin C Cre (TNC Cre) and fbPAI-1 knockdown (KD) mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed within the TNC construct underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction and were sacrificed 10 days later. RESULTS GFP+ cells in fbPAI-1 KD mice showed significantly reduced PAI-1 expression. Interstitial fibrosis, measured by Sirius red staining and collagen I western blot, was significantly decreased in fbPAI-1 KD compared with TNC Cre mice. There was no significant difference in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expression or its activation between the two groups. However, GFP+ cells from fbPAI-1 KD mice had lower TGF β and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression. The number of fibroblasts was decreased in fbPAI-1 KD compared with TNC Cre mice, correlating with decreased alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and less fibroblast cell proliferation. TNC Cre mice had decreased E-cadherin, a marker of differentiated tubular epithelium, in contrast to preserved expression in fbPAI-1 KD. F4/80-expressing cells, mostly CD11c+/F4/80+ cells, were increased while M1 macrophage markers were decreased in fbPAI-1 KD compared with TNC Cre mice. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that fbPAI-1 depletion ameliorates interstitial fibrosis by decreasing fibroblast proliferation in the renal interstitium, with resulting decreased collagen I. This is linked to decreased M1 macrophages and preserved tubular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Medical Healthcare Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - M Frances Wright
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brandon C Farmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Laura S Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amir M Khan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianyong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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17
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JNK and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190267. [PMID: 31270248 PMCID: PMC6639461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) describes the cluster of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases that are generally characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, intra-abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. CMS currently affects more than 25% of the world’s population and the rates of diseases are rapidly rising. These CMS conditions represent critical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the underlying signaling involved in disease onset and progression. The c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) are a family of stress signaling kinases that have been recently indicated in CMS. The purpose of this review is to examine the in vivo implications of JNK as a potential therapeutic target for CMS. As the constellation of diseases associated with CMS are complex and involve multiple tissues and environmental triggers, carefully examining what is known about the JNK pathway will be important for specificity in treatment strategies.
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18
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Ding X, Cao Y, Xing Y, Ge S, Lin M, Li J. TIMP-1 Mediates Inflammatory and Immune Response to IL-6 in Adult Orbital Xanthogranulomatous Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019; 28:288-297. [PMID: 30973282 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1581227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the pathogenesis that TIMP-1 mediated in adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease (AOXGD), a rare type of non-Langerhans histiocytosis that damages the appearance and quality of life of patientsMethods: We reviewed 22 patients diagnosed with AOXGD based on clinical manifestations and histological analysis, and then investigated the expression of TIMP-1 and IL-6 with q-PCR and IHC in AOXGD tissues and the possible mechanism involved in the induction of TIMP-1 by IL-6.Results: IL-6 and TIMP-1 were significantly increased in AOXGD tissues. IL-6 promoted TIMP-1 production by M1 macrophages by stimulating the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Moreover, IL-17 and IFN-γ, the classical markers of Th1 and Th17 cells, were increased in AOXGD.Conclusion: These data implied that the IL6~JAK2/STAT3-TIMP-1 signalling pathway is activated in AOXGD and that adaptive Th1 and Th17 responses are involved in the development of AOXGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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19
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Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic and a leading cause of death with more than 422 million patients worldwide out of whom around 392 million alone suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are novel and effective drugs in managing glycemia of T2D patients. These inhibitors gained recent clinical and basic research attention due to their clinically observed cardiovascular protective effects. Although interest in the study of various SGLT isoforms and the effect of their inhibition on cardiovascular function extends over the past 20 years, an explanation of the effects observed clinically based on available experimental data is not forthcoming. The remarkable reduction in cardiovascular (CV) mortality (38%), major CV events (14%), hospitalization for heart failure (35%), and death from any cause (32%) observed over a period of 2.6 years in patients with T2D and high CV risk in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial involving the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (Empa) have raised the possibility that potential novel, more specific mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibition synergize with the known modest systemic improvements, such as glycemic, body weight, diuresis, and blood pressure control. Multiple studies investigated the direct impact of SGLT2i on the cardiovascular system with limited findings and the pathophysiological role of SGLTs in the heart. The direct impact of SGLT2i on cardiac homeostasis remains controversial, especially that SGLT1 isoform is the only form expressed in the capillaries and myocardium of human and rodent hearts. The direct impact of SGLT2i on the cardiovascular system along with potential lines of future research is summarized in this review.
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20
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Yuan HQ, Hao YM, Ren Z, Gu HF, Liu FT, Yan BJ, Qu SL, Tang ZH, Liu LS, Chen DX, Jiang ZS. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:97-102. [PMID: 30695687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) reduces the development of atherosclerosis by regulating tissue factor (TF) mediated coagulation pathway. In this review, we focus on recent findings on the inhibitory effects of TFPI on endothelial cell activation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, inflammatory cell recruitment and extracellular matrix which are associated with the development of atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, we are also concerned about the impact of TFPI levels and genetic polymorphisms on clinical atherogenesis. This article aims to explain the mechanism in inhibiting the development of atherosclerosis and clinical effects of TFPI, and provide new ideas for the clinical researches and mechanism studies of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Qin Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Meng Hao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Center of Functional Laboratory, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 42100, PR China
| | - Bin-Jie Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Da-Xing Chen
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerosis of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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21
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Cortes-Selva D, Elvington AF, Ready A, Rajwa B, Pearce EJ, Randolph GJ, Fairfax KC. Schistosoma mansoni Infection-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Hepatic Macrophage Metabolism Correlate With an Athero-Protective Phenotype. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2580. [PMID: 30483256 PMCID: PMC6240656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages play an essential role in the granulomatous response to infection with the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni, but the transcriptional changes that underlie this effect are poorly understood. To explore this, we sorted the two previously recognized hepatic macrophage populations (perivascular and Kupffer cells) from naïve and S. mansoni-infected male mice and performed microarray analysis as part of the Immunological Genome Project. The two hepatic macrophage populations exhibited remarkably different genomic profiles. However, this diversity was substantially reduced following infection with S. mansoni, and in fact, both populations demonstrated increases in transcripts of the monocyte lineage, suggesting that both populations may be replenished by monocytes following infection. Pathway analysis showed a profound alteration in global metabolic pathways, including changes to phospholipid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as amino acid biosynthesis and glucagon signaling. These changes suggest a possible mechanism for the previously reported athero-protective effects of S. mansoni infection. Indeed, we find that male ApoE null mice fed a high-fat diet in combination with S. mansoni infection have reduced plaque area and increased glucose tolerance as compared to control mice. Transcript analysis of infected and control high-fat diet fed ApoE−/− mice confirm that ApoC1, Psat1, and Gys1 are all altered by infection, suggesting that altered hepatic macrophage metabolism is associated with S. mansoni- induced protection from hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and glucose intolerance. These results suggest a previously unknown and unreported role of hepatic macrophages in the modulation of whole body lipid and glucose metabolism during infection and provide a template for examining the role of immunomodulation on the long-term metabolism of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cortes-Selva
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Andrew F Elvington
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Division of Health and Sport Sciences, Missouri Baptist University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew Ready
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Bindley Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Biology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Keke C Fairfax
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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22
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Han J, Kim YS, Lim MY, Kim HY, Kong S, Kang M, Choo YW, Jun JH, Ryu S, Jeong HY, Park J, Jeong GJ, Lee JC, Eom GH, Ahn Y, Kim BS. Dual Roles of Graphene Oxide To Attenuate Inflammation and Elicit Timely Polarization of Macrophage Phenotypes for Cardiac Repair. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1959-1977. [PMID: 29397689 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b09107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of localized inflammatory environments by M1 macrophages in the cardiac infarction region exacerbates heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, the regulation of inflammation by M1 macrophages and their timely polarization toward regenerative M2 macrophages suggest an immunotherapy. Particularly, controlling cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause M1 differentiation, and developing M2 macrophage phenotypes in macrophages propose a therapeutic approach. Previously, stem or dendritic cells were used in MI for their anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potentials and showed inflammation modulation and M2 macrophage progression for cardiac repair. However, cell-based therapeutics are limited due to invasive cell isolation, time-consuming cell expansion, labor-intensive and costly ex vivo cell manipulation, and low grafting efficiency. Here, we report that graphene oxide (GO) can serve as an antioxidant and attenuate inflammation and inflammatory polarization of macrophages via reduction in intracellular ROS. In addition, GO functions as a carrier for interleukin-4 plasmid DNA (IL-4 pDNA) that propagates M2 macrophages. We synthesized a macrophage-targeting/polarizing GO complex (MGC) and demonstrated that MGC decreased ROS in immune-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, DNA-functionalized MGC (MGC/IL-4 pDNA) polarized M1 to M2 macrophages and enhanced the secretion of cardiac repair-favorable cytokines. Accordingly, injection of MGC/IL-4 pDNA into mouse MI models attenuated inflammation, elicited early polarization toward M2 macrophages, mitigated fibrosis, and improved heart function. Taken together, the present study highlights a biological application of GO in timely modulation of the immune environment in MI for cardiac repair. Current therapy using off-the-shelf material GO may overcome the shortcomings of cell therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Lim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Saerom Kong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Woong Choo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Jun
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmi Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yun Jeong
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Cell Regeneration Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital , Gwangju, 61649, Republic of Korea
- BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School , 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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23
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Liberale L, Dallegri F, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Pathophysiological relevance of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:7-18. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-08-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SummaryMacrophages are highly heterogeneous and plastic cells. They were shown to play a critical role in all stages of atherogenesis, from the initiation to the necrotic core formation and plaque rupture. Lesional macrophages primarily derive from blood monocyte, but local macrophage proliferation as well as differentiation from smooth muscle cells have also been described. Within atherosclerotic plaques, macrophages rapidly respond to changes in the microenvironment, shifting between pro- (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) functional phenotypes. Furthermore, different stimuli have been associated with differentiation of newly discovered M2 subtypes: IL-4/IL-13 (M2a), immunecomplex (M2b), IL-10/glucocorticoids (M2c), and adenosine receptor agonist (M2d). More recently, additional intraplaque macrophage phenotypes were also recognized in response to CXCL4 (M4), oxidized phospholipids (Mox), haemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes (HAmac/M(Hb)), and heme (Mhem). Such macrophage polarization was described as a progression among multiple phenotypes, which reflect the activity of different transcriptional factors and the cross-talk between intracellular signalling. Finally, the distribution of macrophage subsets within different plaque areas was markedly associated with cardiovascular (CV) vulnerability. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge on the role of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage phenotypic shift will be summarised and discussed. Finally, the role of intraplaque macrophages as predictors of CV events and the therapeutic potential of these cells will be discussed.
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Miron RJ, Bosshardt DD. Multinucleated Giant Cells: Good Guys or Bad Guys? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:53-65. [PMID: 28825357 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) are a special class of giant cell formed by the fusion of monocytes/macrophages abundantly found in human tissues. While historically their role around certain classes of biomaterials have been directly linked to a foreign body reaction leading to material rejection, recent accumulating evidence has put into question their role around certain classes of bone biomaterials. It was once thought that specifically in bone tissues, all giant cells were considered osteoclasts characterized by their ability to resorb and replace bone grafts with newly formed native bone. More recently, however, a special subclass of bone biomaterials has been found bordered by large MNGCs virtually incapable of resorbing bone substitutes even years after their implantation yet surrounded by stable bone. Interestingly, research from the field of cardiovascular disease has further shown how a shift in macrophage polarization from M1 "tissue-inflammatory" macrophages toward M2 "wound-healing" macrophages in atherosclerotic plaque may lead to MNGC formation and ectopic calcification of arteries. Despite the growing observation that MNGC formation occurs around certain bone biomaterials, their role in these tissues remains extremely poorly understood and characterized. In summary, four central aspects of this review are discussed with a focus on (1) the role of MNGCs in bone/tissue biology, and their ability to induce vascularization/new bone formation, their role around, (2) bone substitutes for bone augmentation, (3) dental implants, as well as (4) during peri-implant infection. The authors express the necessity to no longer refer to MNGCs as "good" or "bad" cells, but instead point toward the necessity to more specifically characterize them scientifically and appropriately as M1-MNGC and M2-MNGC accordingly. Future research investigating the factors influencing their polarization as a "center of control" is also likely to act as a key factor in the progression/resolution of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- 1 Department of Periodontology, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,2 Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale, Florida
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Hohensinner PJ, Baumgartner J, Kral-Pointner JB, Uhrin P, Ebenbauer B, Thaler B, Doberer K, Stojkovic S, Demyanets S, Fischer MB, Huber K, Schabbauer G, Speidl WS, Wojta J. PAI-1 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1) Expression Renders Alternatively Activated Human Macrophages Proteolytically Quiescent. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1913-1922. [PMID: 28818858 PMCID: PMC5627534 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages are versatile immune cells capable of polarizing into functional subsets depending on environmental stimulation. In atherosclerotic lesions, proinflammatory polarized macrophages are associated with symptomatic plaques, whereas Th2 (T-helper cell type 2) cytokine-polarized macrophages are inversely related with disease progression. To establish a functional cause for these observations, we analyzed extracellular matrix degradation phenotypes in polarized macrophages. APPROACH AND RESULTS We provide evidence that proinflammatory polarized macrophages rely on membrane-bound proteases including MMP-14 (matrix metalloproteinase-14) and the serine protease uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator) together with its receptor uPAR for extracellular matrix degradation. In contrast, Th2 cytokine alternatively primed macrophages do not show different proteolytic activity in comparison to unpolarized macrophages and lack increased localization of MMP-14 and uPA receptor to the cell membrane. Nonetheless, they express the highest amount of the serine protease uPA. However, uPA activity is blocked by similarly increased expression of its inhibitor PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). When inhibiting PAI-1 or when analyzing macrophages deficient in PAI-1, Th2 cytokine-polarized macrophages display the same matrix degradation capability as proinflammatory-primed macrophages. Within atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages positive for the alternative activation marker CD206 express high levels of PAI-1. In addition, to test changed tissue remodeling capacities of alternatively activated macrophages, we used a bleomycin lung injury model in mice reconstituted with PAI-1-/- bone marrow. These results supported an enhanced remodeling phenotype displayed by increased fibrosis and elevated MMP activity in the lung after PAI-1 loss. CONCLUSIONS We were able to demonstrate matrix degradation dependent on membrane-bound proteases in proinflammatory stimulated macrophages and a forced proteolytical quiescence in alternatively polarized macrophages by the expression of PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp J Hohensinner
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Johanna Baumgartner
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Benjamin Ebenbauer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Barbara Thaler
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Konstantin Doberer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Stefan Stojkovic
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Svitlana Demyanets
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Michael B Fischer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Kurt Huber
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Walter S Speidl
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.)
| | - Johann Wojta
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (P.J.H., J.B., B.E., B.T., K.D., S.S., S.D., W.S.S., J.W.), Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research (J.B.K.-P., P.U., G.S.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (S.D.), Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (M.B.F.), and Core Facilities (J.W.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department for Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Austria (M.B.F.); 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria (K.H.); and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria (K.H., J.W.).
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Duan J, Hu H, Feng L, Yang X, Sun Z. Silica nanoparticles inhibit macrophage activity and angiogenesis via VEGFR2-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:483-490. [PMID: 28570891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The safety evaluation of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are getting great attention due to its widely-used in food sciences, chemical industry and biomedicine. However, the adverse effect and underlying mechanisms of SiNPs on cardiovascular system, especially on angiogenesis is still unclear. This study was aimed to illuminate the possible mechanisms of SiNPs on angiogenesis in zebrafish transgenic lines, Tg(fli-1:EGFP) and Albino. SiNPs caused the cardiovascular malformations in a dose-dependent manner via intravenous microinjection. The incidences of cardiovascular malformations were observed as: Pericardial edema > Bradycardia > Blood deficiency. The area of subintestinal vessels (SIVs) was significant reduced in SiNPs-treated groups, accompanied with the weaken expression of vascular endothelial cells in zebrafish embryos. Using neutral red staining, the quantitative number of macrophage was declined; whereas macrophage inhibition rate was elevated in a dose-dependent way. Furthermore, SiNPs significantly decreased the mRNA expression of macrophage activity related gene, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the angiogenesis related gene, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). The protein levels of p-Erk1/2 and p-p38 MAPK were markedly decreased in zebrafish exposed to SiNPs. Our results implicate that SiNPs inhibited the macrophage activity and angiogenesis via the downregulation of MAPK singaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Schliefsteiner C, Peinhaupt M, Kopp S, Lögl J, Lang-Olip I, Hiden U, Heinemann A, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Human Placental Hofbauer Cells Maintain an Anti-inflammatory M2 Phenotype despite the Presence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:888. [PMID: 28824621 PMCID: PMC5534476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are macrophages of the feto-placental unit. Despite the general view that these cells have an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, recent studies have claimed that pregnancy pathologies—e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)—cause a switch from an M2 to an M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype in HBCs. The pilot-study presented here challenges this claim, showing that HBCs maintain anti-inflammatory properties in spite of the hyperglycemic, low-grade inflammatory environment of GDM. Methods HBCs were isolated from placentae of healthy women (N = 5) and women with GDM (N = 6) diagnosed in the second trimester. FACS was used to measure surface markers associated with either M1 or M2 phenotype on the cells. In addition, placental tissue sections were subjected to immune histochemical imaging to assess the phenotype within the tissue context. Supernatant from control and GDM HBCs was collected at defined time points and used in a multiplex ELISA-on-beads approach to assess secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The effect of HBC cell culture supernatant on placental endothelial activation was investigated. Results FACS and immune staining showed that, indeed, M2 markers, such as CD206 and CD209, are increased in HBCs isolated from GDM placentae. Also, the M1 marker CD86 was increased, but only by trend. Secretion of numerous cytokines, chemokines and growth factors was not changed; pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 release form GDM HBC was increased but not significant. Exposure to GDM HBC supernatant did not induce cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, selectins, vascular endothelial-cadherin) in placental endothelial cells compared to supernatant from control HBCs, an induction of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 was observed however. Conclusion Our study—although performed in a small set of patients—shows that placental macrophages maintain their anti-inflammatory, tissue remodeling M2 phenotype even in pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes. This consistent phenotype might be important for propagation of maternal tolerance toward the fetus and for protection of the fetus from a low-grade inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schliefsteiner
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Peinhaupt
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Kopp
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Lögl
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Hiden
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Perinatal Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Huleihel L, Dziki JL, Bartolacci JG, Rausch T, Scarritt ME, Cramer MC, Vorobyov T, LoPresti ST, Swineheart IT, White LJ, Brown BN, Badylak SF. Macrophage phenotype in response to ECM bioscaffolds. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:2-13. [PMID: 28736160 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage presence and phenotype are critical determinants of the healing response following injury. Downregulation of the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype has been associated with the therapeutic use of bioscaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM), but phenotypic characterization of macrophages has typically been limited to small number of non-specific cell surface markers or expressed proteins. The present study determined the response of both primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) and a transformed human mononuclear cell line (THP-1 cells) to degradation products of two different, commonly used ECM bioscaffolds; urinary bladder matrix (UBM-ECM) and small intestinal submucosa (SIS-ECM). Quantified cell responses included gene expression, protein expression, commonly used cell surface markers, and functional assays. Results showed that the phenotype elicited by ECM exposure (MECM) is distinct from both the classically activated IFNγ+LPS phenotype and the alternatively activated IL-4 phenotype. Furthermore, the BMDM and THP-1 macrophages responded differently to identical stimuli, and UBM-ECM and SIS-ECM bioscaffolds induced similar, yet distinct phenotypic profiles. The results of this study not only characterized an MECM phenotype that has anti-inflammatory traits but also showed the risks and challenges of making conclusions about the role of macrophage mediated events without consideration of the source of macrophages and the limitations of individual cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luai Huleihel
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenna L Dziki
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph G Bartolacci
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Theresa Rausch
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michelle E Scarritt
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madeline C Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Vorobyov
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ort Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Samuel T LoPresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ilea T Swineheart
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa J White
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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AT1-receptor blockade attenuates outward aortic remodeling associated with diet-induced obesity in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017. [PMID: 28646121 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and obesity have been implicated in vascular outward remodeling, including aneurysms, but the precise mechanisms are not yet understood. We investigated the effect of the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1-receptor) antagonist telmisartan on aortic outward remodeling in a diet-induced obesity model in mice. C57/Black6J mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. One group of HFD mice was additionally exposed to telmisartan (3 mg/kg per day) for the last 4 weeks. HFD led to aortic outward remodeling, characterized by increased proteolysis, along with structural changes, such as fragmentation of elastic fibers and decreased elastin content. Vascular damage was associated with up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3, MMP-12, cathepsin D, and cathepsin B. HFD aortae exhibited an enhanced inflammatory status, characterized by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) colocalized with adipocytes in the adventitia. HFD resulted in a significant increase in aortic dimensions, evident by ultrasound measurements. Telmisartan abolished aortic dilatation and preserved elastin content. HFD induced enhanced expression of aortic MMP-2, MMP-9, and TNF-α was abrogated by telmisartan. Adventitial proteolytic and inflammatory factors were also examined in samples from human abdominal aneurysms. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP-9 was higher in the adventitial fat of diseased vessels compared with healthy tissues. Finally, adipocytes treated with TNF-α showed enhanced MMP-2, MMP-3, and cathepsin D, which was prevented by telmisartan. Taken together, HFD in mice induced aortic dilatation with up-regulation of matrix degrading and inflammatory pathways similar to those seen in human aortic aneurysmatic tissue. The HFD-induced vascular pathology was reduced by AT1-receptor antagonist telmisartan.
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Jia C, Chen H, Wei M, Chen X, Zhang Y, Cao L, Yuan P, Wang F, Yang G, Ma J. Gold nanoparticle-based miR155 antagonist macrophage delivery restores the cardiac function in ovariectomized diabetic mouse model. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4963-4979. [PMID: 28744126 PMCID: PMC5513843 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common disease in postmenopausal women, in whom the estrogen deficiency aggravates the pathology. In this study, we have found that estrogen deficiency due to ovariectomy aggravates the inflammation in the hearts of diabetic mice, as depicted by excessive proinflammatory type 1 macrophages (M1) over anti-inflammatory type 2 macrophages (M2). Accordingly, an additional increase of reactive oxygen species, cell apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis was observed in the hearts of ovariectomized diabetic mice, in comparison with the diabetes-only group. Significantly, miR155, a potent promoter of M1 polarization, was found to be additionally enhanced in the macrophages and hearts by ovariectomy. Tail vein injection of miR155-AuNP, in which thiol-modified antago-miR155 was covalently conjugated with gold nanoparticle (AuNP), preferentially delivered the nucleic acids into the macrophages via phagocytosis. Together with the increased M2 ratio and reduced inflammation, in vivo delivery of antago-miR155 reduced cell apoptosis and restored the cardiac function. The restoration efficacy of miR155-AuNP was much better than general macrophage depletion by clodrosome. In summary, we revealed that M1/M2 imbalance contributes to the aggravated cardiomyopathy in ovariectomized diabetic mice, and therapeutically reducing miR155 in macrophages by AuNP serves as a promising strategy in improving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangjie Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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The relationship between fasting blood glucose variability and coronary artery collateral formation in type 2 diabetes patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2017. [PMID: 28644211 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary collaterals are an alternative source of blood supply to ischemic myocardium. Well-developed coronary collateral arteries in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) limit the size of acute myocardial infarction and improves survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between glycemic variability and coronary collateral formation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting procedures were studied. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between coronary artery collateral formation graded by Rentrope classification and glycemic variability, measured by coefficient variation of fasting blood glucose. RESULTS In our study, we retrospectively enrolled 300 patients, of whom 239 were diabetic (age: 70.1±11.9, 56% men) and 61 were nondiabetic (age: 71.5±11.5, 72% men). Diabetic patients were further stratified as follows: those with poor coronary collateral artery development (n=171, age: 69.7±12.4, 55% men) and those with good coronary collateral artery development (n=68, age 71.1±10.8, 59% men) according to the Rentrope classification. Our findings did not show association between glycemic variability and coronary collateral vessels development after controlling for potential confounders (odds ratio: 2.51; 95% confidence interval: 0.57-11.03; P=0.22). The culprit lesion (≥75% stenosis) in the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery was more frequent in the good collateral group compared with the poor collateral group (66 vs. 50%, P=0.02; 63 vs. 45%, P=0.01 respectively). CONCLUSION Glycemic variability is not associated with coronary collateral artery formation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD.
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CECR1-mediated cross talk between macrophages and vascular mural cells promotes neovascularization in malignant glioma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5356-5368. [PMID: 28534507 PMCID: PMC5611481 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) are most malignant brain tumors characterized by profound vascularization. The activation of macrophages strongly contributes to tumor angiogenesis during GBM development. Previously, we showed that extracellular adenosine deaminase protein Cat Eye Syndrome Critical Region Protein 1 (CECR1) is highly expressed by M2-like macrophages in GBM where it defines macrophage M2 polarization and contributes to tumor expansion. In this study, the effect of CECR1 in macrophages on tumor angiogenesis was investigated. Immunohistochemical evaluation of GBM tissue samples showed that the expression of CECR1 correlates with microvascular density in the tumors, confirming data from the TCGA set. In a three-dimensional co-culture system consisting of human pericytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and THP1-derived macrophages, CECR1 knockdown by siRNA and CECR1 stimulation of macrophages inhibited and promoted new vessel formation, respectively. Loss and gain of function studies demonstrated that PDGFB mRNA and protein levels in macrophages are modulated by CECR1. The proangiogenic properties of CECR1 in macrophages were partially mediated via paracrine activation of pericytes by PDGFB–PDGFRβ signaling. CECR1–PDGFB–PDGFRβ cross-activation between macrophages and pericytes promoted pericyte migration, shown by transwell migration assay, and enhanced expression and deposition of periostin, a matrix component with proangiogenic properties. CECR1 function in (M2-like) macrophages mediates cross talk between macrophages and pericytes in GBM via paracrine PDGFB–PDGFRβ signaling, promoting pericyte recruitment and migration, and tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, CECR1 offers a new portent target for anti-angiogenic therapy in GBM via immune modulation.
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Induces the Expression of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1) in Human Macrophages. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2756781. [PMID: 28115923 PMCID: PMC5223051 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2756781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the initiator of the blood coagulation cascade after interaction with the activated factor VII (FVIIa). Moreover, the TF/FVIIa complex also activates intracellular signalling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. The TF/FVIIa complex is inhibited by the tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that, together with PPARα and PPARβ/δ, controls macrophage functions. However, whether PPARγ activation modulates the expression of TFP1-1 in human macrophages is not known. Here we report that PPARγ activation increases the expression of TFPI-1 in human macrophages in vitro as well as in vivo in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The induction of TFPI-1 expression by PPARγ ligands, an effect shared by the activation of PPARα and PPARβ/δ, occurs also in proinflammatory M1 and in anti-inflammatory M2 polarized macrophages. As a functional consequence, treatment with PPARγ ligands significantly reduces the inflammatory response induced by FVIIa, as measured by variations in the IL-8, MMP-2, and MCP-1 expression. These data identify a novel role for PPARγ in the control of TF the pathway.
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Zhang M, Zhou Z, Wang J, Li S. MiR-130b promotes obesity associated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diabetes mice through alleviating M2 macrophage polarization via repression of PPAR-γ. Immunol Lett 2016; 180:1-8. [PMID: 27746169 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathways play an important role in impaired glucose metabolism and insulin production. Adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by infiltration and expansion of macrophages, leading to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Macrophage polarization contributes to various inflammatory responses and cytokine production profiles. MiR-130b is involved in regulating immune response and metabolism. However, the specific role in macrophage polarization and glucose metabolism of T2D has not been reported. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce T2D mice model. The peritoneal macrophages were isolated, miR-130b and M1/M2 polarization was analyzed. Glucose tolerance was also detected. In addition, the relationship between miR-130b and the target gene was identified. We showed that mice fed on high-fat diet demonstrated significantly higher body weight and impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, the miR-130b level was up-regulated in macrophage of high-fat diet mice, which regulated M1/M2 polarization, adipose tissue inflammation and glucose tolerance. Furthermore, we identified PPAR-γ as a miR-130b target gene and regulated macrophage polarization. In summary, our findings demonstrated that miR-130b was a novel regulator of macrophage polarization and contributed to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin tolerance via repression of PPAR-γ. Furthermore, miR-130b represented a promising target for T2D therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shangdong, 276000, China
| | - Zhongqi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shangdong, 276000, China
| | - Jinguang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shangdong, 276000, China
| | - Shufa Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shangdong, 276000, China.
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Miron RJ, Bosshardt DD. OsteoMacs: Key players around bone biomaterials. Biomaterials 2015; 82:1-19. [PMID: 26735169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteal macrophages (OsteoMacs) are a special subtype of macrophage residing in bony tissues. Interesting findings from basic research have pointed to their vast and substantial roles in bone biology by demonstrating their key function in bone formation and remodeling. Despite these essential findings, much less information is available concerning their response to a variety of biomaterials used for bone regeneration with the majority of investigation primarily focused on their role during the foreign body reaction. With respect to biomaterials, it is well known that cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage are one of the first cell types in contact with implanted biomaterials. Here they demonstrate extremely plastic phenotypes with the ability to differentiate towards classical M1 or M2 macrophages, or subsequently fuse into osteoclasts or multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs). These MNGCs have previously been characterized as foreign body giant cells and associated with biomaterial rejection, however more recently their phenotypes have been implicated with wound healing and tissue regeneration by studies demonstrating their expression of key M2 markers around biomaterials. With such contrasting hypotheses, it becomes essential to better understand their roles to improve the development of osteo-compatible and osteo-promotive biomaterials. This review article expresses the necessity to further study OsteoMacs and MNGCs to understand their function in bone biomaterial tissue integration including dental/orthopedic implants and bone grafting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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