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Rich HE, Bhutia S, Gonzales de Los Santos F, Entrup GP, Warheit-Niemi HI, Gurczynski SJ, Bame M, Douglas MT, Morris SB, Zemans RL, Lukacs NW, Moore BB. RSV enhances Staphylococcus aureus bacterial growth in the lung. Infect Immun 2024:e0030424. [PMID: 39150268 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00304-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients coinfected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and bacteria have longer hospital stays, higher risk of intensive care unit admission, and worse outcomes. We describe a model of RSV line 19F/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 coinfection that does not impair viral clearance, but prior RSV infection enhances USA300 MRSA bacterial growth in the lung. The increased bacterial burden post-RSV correlates with reduced accumulation of neutrophils and impaired bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages. Surprisingly, reduced neutrophil accumulation is likely not explained by reductions in phagocyte-recruiting chemokines or alterations in proinflammatory cytokine production compared with mice infected with S. aureus alone. Neutrophils from RSV-infected mice retain their ability to migrate toward chemokine signals, and neutrophils from the RSV-infected lung are better able to phagocytize and kill S. aureus ex vivo on a per cell basis. In contrast, while alveolar macrophages could ingest USA300 post-RSV, intracellular bacterial killing was impaired. The RSV/S. aureus coinfected lung promotes a state of overactivation in neutrophils, demonstrated by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can drive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), resulting in cell death. Mice with RSV/S. aureus coinfection had increased extracellular DNA and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histological evidence confirmed NETosis in vivo. Taken together, these data highlight that prior RSV infection can prime the overactivation of neutrophils leading to cell death that impairs neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Additionally, alveolar macrophage killing of bacteria is impaired post-RSV. Together, these defects enhance USA300 MRSA bacterial growth in the lung post-RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Rich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Simran Bhutia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle P Entrup
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Helen I Warheit-Niemi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen J Gurczynski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Monica Bame
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael T Douglas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan B Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tian L, Yang X, Zheng Y, Peng C. The association between circulating leukocytes and inflammatory bowel disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1399658. [PMID: 38860205 PMCID: PMC11163050 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1399658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a highly prevalent, recurrent, chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. Several observational studies have shown that circulating leukocytes are strongly associated with IBD. However, whether alterations in leukocytes are causally related to IBD remains uncertain. The present study explores this issue with the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method. Methods The Genome wide association study (GWAS) statistical data related to circulating leukocytes and IBD were obtained from the Blood Cell Consortium and the IEU Qpen GWAS project, respectively. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main MR analytical method, coupled with a series of sensitivity analyses to ensure the reliability of the results. Results The results of IVW showed that increased monocyte count (especially CD14- CD16+ monocyte absolute counts) was negatively correlated with the risk of IBD and its main subtypes. Increased neutrophil count was positively associated with the risk of IBD and ulcerative colitis. Meanwhile, there was no causal relationship between basophil, eosinophil, lymphocyte counts and IBD risk. Conclusion These results indicate that a causal relationship exists between circulating leukocytes and the risk of IBD and its subtypes, which confirms the important role that the leukocyte immune system plays in IBD. Our findings provide additional research directions for the clinical prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Day Diagnosis and Treatment Department, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- Day Diagnosis and Treatment Department, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yansen Zheng
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaosheng Peng
- Day Diagnosis and Treatment Department, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Tu H, Ren H, Jiang J, Shao C, Shi Y, Li P. Dying to Defend: Neutrophil Death Pathways and their Implications in Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306457. [PMID: 38044275 PMCID: PMC10885667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, accounting for ≈70% of human peripheral leukocytes, are key cells countering bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophil homeostasis involves a balance between cell maturation, migration, aging, and eventual death. Neutrophils undergo different death pathways depending on their interactions with microbes and external environmental cues. Neutrophil death has significant physiological implications and leads to distinct immunological outcomes. This review discusses the multifarious neutrophil death pathways, including apoptosis, NETosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, and outlines their effects on immune responses and disease progression. Understanding the multifaceted aspects of neutrophil death, the intersections among signaling pathways and ramifications of immunity will help facilitate the development of novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Tu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Haoyu Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Peishan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionInstitutes for Translational MedicineSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
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4
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Tu F, Pan L, Wu W, Cai Y, Li J, Wang X, Lai X, Chen Z, Ye L, Wang S. Recombinant GM-CSF enhances the bactericidal ability of PMNs by increasing intracellular IL-1β and improves the prognosis of secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:443-458. [PMID: 37490847 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) via interleukin (IL)-1β to improve the prognosis of secondary infection in sepsis. The latter stage of sepsis is prone to induce immunosuppression, resulting in secondary fatal infections. Recombinant GM-CSF has become a way for sepsis-induced immunosuppression due to its immunomodulatory effect. However, the functional impact of GM-CSF on PMNs in sepsis remains obscure. This study aimed to study the role of recombinant GM-CSF on the bactericidal ability of PMNs in septic mice, assessing its effect on the prognosis of secondary pneumonia, and explore the mechanism of recombinant GM-CSF by intervening PMNs in patients with sepsis. The C57BL/6J sepsis mouse model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Recombinant murine GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) was used in vivo when mice developed immunosuppression, which was characterized by abnormal bactericidal function of PMNs in peripheral blood. rmGM-CSF improved the prognosis of secondary pneumonia and reversed the function of PMNs. PMNs isolated by Percoll from septic patients were treated by recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) in vitro. The expression of CD11b, reactive oxygen species, phagocytosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap release in PMNs were enhanced by rhGM-CSF treatments. Whole-transcriptomic sequencing of mouse PMNs indicated that recombinant GM-CSF increased the expression of Il1b gene in PMNs. Blocking and inhibiting IL-1β release effectively counteracted the enhancing effect of GM-CSF on the bactericidal function of PMNs. rmGM-CSF enhances the bactericidal function of PMNs in vivo and improves the prognosis of secondary pneumonia in septic mice, and recombinant GM-CSF increases IL-1β precursor reserves, which, if stimulated, can rapidly enhance the bactericidal capacity of PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Tu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Lili Pan
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanhua Cai
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jinggang Li
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaolin Lai
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Luya Ye
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
- Union Clinical Medical Colleges, Fujian Medical University, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
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Ku TH, Ram-Mohan N, Zudock EJ, Abe R, Yang S. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps have DNAzyme activity that drives bactericidal potential. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563618. [PMID: 37961380 PMCID: PMC10634746 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of bacterial killing by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are unclear. DNA, the largest component of NETs is believed to merely be a scaffold with minimal antimicrobial activity through the charge of the backbone. Here, we report that NETs DNA is beyond a scaffold and produces hydroxyl free radicals through the spatially concentrated G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme complexes, driving bactericidal effects. Immunofluorescence staining showed colocalization of G-quadruplex and hemin in extruded NETs DNA, and Amplex UltraRed assay portrayed its peroxidase activity. Proximity labeling of bacteria revealed localized concentration of radicals resulting from NETs bacterial trapping. Ex vivo bactericidal assays revealed that G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme is the primary driver of bactericidal activity in NETs. NETs are DNAzymes that may have important biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Hsuan Ku
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Nikhil Ram-Mohan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Zudock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ryuichiro Abe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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Wang J, Tang B, You X, Cai X, Jia W, Liu X, Liu M, Jin X, Ding J. Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory products from adult worms inhibit NETosis and regulate the production of cytokines from neutrophils. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:374. [PMID: 37864246 PMCID: PMC10588246 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon encountering exogenous pathogens, polymorphonucleocytes (PMNs) engage in various processes to destroy them, including releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that trap pathogens and induce phagocytosis and cytokine production. Parasites have unique strategies with which to evade the host's immune response. However, the strategy employed by Trichinella spiralis in response to the reaction of PMNs has yet to be elucidated. This study explored the effect of excretory/secretory products (ESP) on three major functions: NETs, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. Specifically, PMNs were pre-treated with the ESP of 3-day-old adults and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We found that in PMNs pretreated with ESP, PMA-induced NET generation was suppressed by ESP. ROS production is a hallmark of PMA-induced NETosis. The LDH assay results showed that ESP inhibits NETs by suppressing ROS rather than promoting PMN death. Furthermore, ESP enhanced Escherichia coli engulfment by PMNs, improving overall phagocytic function. Finally, cytokine analysis revealed an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, and other cytokines (IL-10, TNF-α), while IL-4 displayed a significant reduction. In conclusion, this study has unraveled T. spiralis' evasion and regulation mechanisms against innate immune cells, providing insights into parasite strategies to manipulate host immunity, potentially informing new treatments for NET-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xihuo You
- Beijing Agrichina Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wangzhuang Industrial Park, Airport Road, Shahe, Changping District, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Wanzhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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7
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Chen Y, Zhao C, Guo H, Zou W, Zhang Z, Wei D, Lu H, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Wip1 inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps to promote abscess formation in mice by directly dephosphorylating Coronin-1a. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:941-954. [PMID: 37386173 PMCID: PMC10387484 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) participate in the rapid inhibition and clearance of pathogens during infection; however, the molecular regulation of NET formation remains poorly understood. In the current study, we found that inhibition of the wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) significantly suppressed the activity of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and accelerated abscess healing in S. aureus-induced abscess model mice by enhancing NET formation. A Wip1 inhibitor significantly enhanced NET formation in mouse and human neutrophils in vitro. High-resolution mass spectrometry and biochemical assays demonstrated that Coro1a is a substrate of Wip1. Further experiments also revealed that Wip1 preferentially and directly interacts with phosphorylated Coro1a than compared to unphosphorylated inactivated Coro1a. The phosphorylated Ser426 site of Coro1a and the 28-90 aa domain of Wip1 are essential for the direct interaction of Coro1a and Wip1 and for Wip1 dephosphorylation of p-Coro1a Ser426. Wip1 deletion or inhibition in neutrophils significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of Coro1a-Ser426, which activated phospholipase C and subsequently the calcium pathway, the latter of which promoted NET formation after infection or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. This study revealed Coro1a to be a novel substrate of Wip1 and showed that Wip1 is a negative regulator of NET formation during infection. These results support the potential application of Wip1 inhibitors to treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weilong Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China.
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Beijing, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Arora A, Singh A. Exploring the role of neutrophils in infectious and noninfectious pulmonary disorders. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 43:41-61. [PMID: 37353973 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2222769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
With the change in global environment, respiratory disorders are becoming more threatening to the health of people all over the world. These diseases are closely linked to performance of immune system. Within the innate arm of immune system, Neutrophils are an important moiety to serve as an immune defense barrier. They are one of the first cells recruited to the site of infection and plays a critical role in pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases. It is established that the migration and activation of neutrophils can lead to inflammation either directly or indirectly and this inflammation caused is very crucial for the clearance of pathogens and resolution of infection. However, the immunopathological mechanisms involved to carry out the same is very complex and not well understood. Despite there being studies concentrating on the role of neutrophils in multiple respiratory diseases, there is still a long way to go in order to completely understand the complexity of the participation of neutrophils and mechanisms involved in the development of these respiratory diseases. In the present article, we have reviewed the literature to comprehensively provide an insight in the current development and advancements about the role of neutrophils in infectious respiratory disorders including viral respiratory disorders such as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and bacterial pulmonary disorders with a focused review on pulmonary tuberculosis as well as in noninfectious disorders like Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Also, future directions into research and therapeutic targets have been discussed for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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9
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Wang H, Liu X, Jia Z, Liu L, Qi Y, Zhou Q, Xu F, Zhang Y. Mapping current status and emerging trends in NETosis: A bibliometric study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33806. [PMID: 37233403 PMCID: PMC10219726 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NETosis is a critical innate immune mechanism of neutrophils that contributes to the accelerated progression of autoimmune diseases, thrombosis, cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the relevant literature by bibliometric methods in order to provide a more comprehensive and objective view of the knowledge dynamics in the field. METHODS The literature on NETosis was downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection, analyzed with VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft for co-authorship, co-occurrence, and co-citation analysis. RESULTS In the field of NETosis, the United States was the most influential countries. Harvard University was the most active institutions. Mariana J. Kaplan and Brinkmann V were, respectively, the most prolific and most co-cited authors. Frontiers in Immunology, Journal of Immunology, Plos One, Blood, Science, Journal of Cell Biology, and Nature Medicine were the most influential journals. The top 15 keywords are associated with immunological and NETosis formation mechanisms. The keywords with the strongest burst detection were mainly related to COVID-19 (coronavirus, ACE2, SARS coronavirus, cytokine storm, pneumonia, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), and cancer (circulating tumor cell). CONCLUSION Research on NETosis is currently booming. The mechanism of NETosis and its role in innate immunity, autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and thrombosis are the focus of research in the field of NETosis. A future study will concentrate on the function of NETosis in COVID-19 and recurrent metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Wang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Jia
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbing Zhou
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Castaño M, Tomás-Pérez S, González-Cantó E, Aghababyan C, Mascarós-Martínez A, Santonja N, Herreros-Pomares A, Oto J, Medina P, Götte M, Mc Cormack BA, Marí-Alexandre J, Gilabert-Estellés J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Cancer: Trapping Our Attention with Their Involvement in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065995. [PMID: 36983067 PMCID: PMC10056926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant circulating leukocytes, play a well-known role in defense against pathogens through phagocytosis and degranulation. However, a new mechanism involving the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of DNA, histones, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and elastase, among others, has been described. The so-called NETosis process can occur through three different mechanisms: suicidal, vital, and mitochondrial NETosis. Apart from their role in immune defense, neutrophils and NETs have been involved in physiopathological conditions, highlighting immunothrombosis and cancer. Notably, neutrophils can either promote or inhibit tumor growth in the tumor microenvironment depending on cytokine signaling and epigenetic modifications. Several neutrophils' pro-tumor strategies involving NETs have been documented, including pre-metastatic niche formation, increased survival, inhibition of the immune response, and resistance to oncologic therapies. In this review, we focus on ovarian cancer (OC), which remains the second most incidental but the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, partly due to the presence of metastasis, often omental, at diagnosis and the resistance to treatment. We deepen the state-of-the-art on the participation of NETs in OC metastasis establishment and progression and their involvement in resistance to chemo-, immuno-, and radiotherapies. Finally, we review the current literature on NETs in OC as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, and their contribution to disease progression at early and advanced stages. The panoramic view provided in this article might pave the way for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of cancer patients and, specifically, OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Castaño
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Tomás-Pérez
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva González-Cantó
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Aghababyan
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Mascarós-Martínez
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Santonja
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julia Oto
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pilar Medina
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Arteriosclerosis and Vascular Biology Research Group, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bárbara Andrea Mc Cormack
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Gilabert-Estellés
- Research Laboratory in Biomarkers in Reproduction, Gynaecology, and Obstetrics, Research Foundation of the General University Hospital of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital of Valencia Consortium, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
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11
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Denorme F, Rustad JL, Portier I, Crandell JL, de Araujo CV, Cody MJ, Campbell RA, Yost CC. Neutrophil extracellular trap inhibition improves survival in neonatal mouse infectious peritonitis. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:862-869. [PMID: 35902703 PMCID: PMC9331023 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of neonatal peritonitis and sepsis is challenging. Following infection, neutrophils elaborate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-extracellular lattices of decondensed chromatin decorated with antimicrobial proteins. NETs, however, can augment pathogenic inflammation causing collateral damage. We hypothesized that NET inhibition would improve survival in experimental neonatal infectious peritonitis. METHODS We induced peritonitis in 7 to 10-day-old mice by intraperitoneal injection with cecal slurry. We targeted NETs by treating mice with neonatal NET-Inhibitory Factor (nNIF), an endogenous NET-inhibitor; Cl-amidine, a PAD4 inhibitor; DNase I, a NET degrading enzyme, or meropenem (an antibiotic). We determined peritoneal NET and cytokine levels and circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates. Survival from peritonitis was followed for 6 days. RESULTS nNIF, Cl-amidine, and DNase I decreased peritoneal NET formation and inflammatory cytokine levels at 24 h compared to controls. nNIF, Cl-amidine, and DNase I decreased circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates, and NET-targeting treatments significantly increased survival from infectious peritonitis compared to controls. Finally, nNIF administration significantly improved survival in mice treated with sub-optimal doses of meropenem even when treatment was delayed until 2 h after peritonitis induction. CONCLUSIONS NET inhibition improves survival in experimental neonatal infectious peritonitis, suggesting that NETs participate pathogenically in neonatal peritonitis and sepsis. IMPACT 1. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation participates pathogenically in experimental neonatal infectious peritonitis. 2. NET-targeting strategies improve outcomes in a translational model of neonatal infectious peritonitis. 3. NET inhibition represents a potential target for drug development in neonatal sepsis and infectious peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John L Rustad
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Irina Portier
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | | | - Claudia V de Araujo
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Mark J Cody
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Christian C Yost
- Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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12
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Meyers S, Lox M, Kraisin S, Liesenborghs L, Martens CP, Frederix L, Van Bruggen S, Crescente M, Missiakas D, Baatsen P, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, Martinod K. Neutrophils Protect Against Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis Progression Independent of Extracellular Trap Release. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:267-285. [PMID: 36453281 PMCID: PMC9869964 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterized by an infected thrombus at the heart valves. How bacteria bypass the immune system and cause these thrombi remains unclear. Neutrophils releasing NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) lie at this interface between host defense and coagulation. We aimed to determine the role of NETs in IE immunothrombosis. METHODS We used a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in which IE is provoked on inflamed heart valves and characterized IE thrombus content by immunostaining identifying NETs. Antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion and neutrophil-selective PAD4 (peptidylarginine deiminase 4)-knockout mice were used to clarify the role of neutrophils and NETs, respectively. S. aureus mutants deficient in key virulence factors related to immunothrombosis (nucleases or staphylocoagulases) were investigated. RESULTS Neutrophils releasing NETs were present in infected thrombi and within cellular infiltrates in the surrounding vasculature. Neutrophil depletion increased occurrence of IE, whereas neutrophil-selective impairment of NET formation did not alter IE occurrence. Absence of S. aureus nuclease, which degrades NETs, did not affect endocarditis outcome. In contrast, absence of staphylocoagulases (coagulase and von Willebrand factor binding protein) led to improved survival, decreased bacteremia, smaller infiltrates, and decreased tissue destruction. Significantly more NETs were present in these vegetations, which correlated with decreased bacteria and cell death in the adjacent vascular wall. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils protect against IE independent of NET release. Absence of S. aureus coagulases, but not nucleases, reduced IE severity and increased NET levels. Staphylocoagulase-induced fibrin likely hampers NETs from constraining infection and the resultant tissue damage, a hallmark of valve destruction in IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severien Meyers
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sirima Kraisin
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline P. Martens
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Frederix
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | | | - Pieter Baatsen
- Electron Microscopy-Platform of the VIB Bio Imaging Core and VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research (P.B.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Kapoor D, Shukla D. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Possible Implications in Ocular Herpes Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:209. [PMID: 36839481 PMCID: PMC9958879 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like structures released from neutrophils. NETs predominantly contain cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) decorated with histones and neutrophil granule proteins. Numerous extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli can induce the formation of NETs such as pathogens, cytokines, immune complexes, microcrystals, antibodies, and other physiological stimuli. The mechanism of NETosis induction can either be ROS-dependent or independent based on the catalase producing activity of the pathogen. NADPH is the source of ROS production, which in turn depends on the upregulation of Ca2+ production in the cytoplasm. ROS-independent induction of NETosis is regulated through toll-like receptors (TLRs). Besides capturing and eliminating pathogens, NETs also aggravate the inflammatory response and thus act as a double-edged sword. Currently, there are growing reports of NETosis induction during bacterial and fungal ocular infections leading to different pathologies, but there is no direct report suggesting its role during herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. There are innumerable independent reports showing that the major effectors of NETosis are also directly affected by HSV infection, and thus, there is a strong possibility that HSV interacts with these facilitators that can either result in virally mediated modulation of NETosis or NETosis-mediated suppression of ocular HSV infection. This review focuses on the mechanism of NETs formation during different ocular pathologies, with its prime focus on highlighting their potential implications during HSV ocular infections and acting as prospective targets for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kapoor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Gan Q, Chi H, Dalmo RA, Meng X, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Characterization of myeloperoxidase and its contribution to antimicrobial effect on extracellular traps in flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124813. [PMID: 36776890 PMCID: PMC9908613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a cationic leukocyte haloperoxidase and together with other proteins, they possess activities against various microorganisms and are involved in extracellular trap (ET) formation. The present work describes the gene and deduced protein sequences, and functions of MPO in flounder (PoMPO). The PoMPO possesses a 2313 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein of 770 amino acids. The highest PoMPO mRNA expression levels were found in the head kidney, followed by peritoneal cells, gill, spleen, skin, muscle, and liver. PoMPO was expressed in MHCII+ and GCSFR+ cells which indicated that PoMPO mainly is expressed in flounder macrophages and granulocytes. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal leukocytes showed an increased protein level of PoMPO while it seemed that LPS also promoted the migration of MPO+ cells from the head kidney into the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity. After phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or bacterial stimulation, flounder leukocytes produced typical ET structures containing DNA with decoration by MPO. The ETs containing DNA and PoMPO effectively inhibited the proliferation of ET-trapped bacteria. Blocking PoMPO with antibodies decreased the enzymatic activity, which attenuated the antibacterial activity of ETs. This study pinpoints the involvement of ETs in flounder innate responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Gan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Heng Chi,
| | - Roy Ambli Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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15
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Van Bruggen S, Martinod K. The coming of age of neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombosis: Where are we now and where are we headed? Immunol Rev 2022; 314:376-398. [PMID: 36560865 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis remains a major problem in our society, manifesting across multiple demographic groups and with high associated morbidity and mortality. Thrombus development is the result of a complex mechanism in which multiple cell types and soluble factors play a crucial role. One cell that has gained the most attention in recent years is the neutrophil. This key member of the innate immune system can form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to activating stimuli in circulation. NETs form a scaffold for thrombus formation, both initiating the process and stabilizing the final product. As the first responders of the host immune system, neutrophils have the flexibility to recognize a variety of molecules and can quickly interact with a range of different cell types. This trait makes them sensitive to exogenous stimuli. NET formation in response to pathogens is well established, leading to immune-mediated thrombus formation or immunothrombosis. NETs can also be formed during sterile inflammation through the activation of neutrophils by fellow immune cells including platelets, or activated endothelium. In chronic inflammatory settings, NETs can ultimately promote the development of tissue fibrosis, with organ failure as an end-stage outcome. In this review, we discuss the different pathways through which neutrophils can be activated toward NET formation and how these processes can result in a shared outcome: thrombus formation. Finally, we evaluate these different interactions and mechanisms for their potential as therapeutic targets, with neutrophil-targeted therapies providing a future approach to treating thrombosis. In contrast to current practices, such treatment could result in reduced pathogenic blood clot formation without increasing the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Eating the Enemy: Mycoplasma Strategies to Evade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Promoting Bacterial Nucleotides Uptake and Inflammatory Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315030. [PMID: 36499356 PMCID: PMC9740415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are effector cells involved in the innate immune response against infection; they kill infectious agents in the intracellular compartment (phagocytosis) or in the extracellular milieu (degranulation). Moreover, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), complex structures composed of a scaffold of decondensed DNA associated with histones and antimicrobial compounds; NETs entrap infectious agents, preventing their spread and promoting their clearance. NET formation is triggered by microbial compounds, but many microorganisms have evolved several strategies for NET evasion. In addition, the dysregulated production of NETs is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. Mycoplasmas are reduced genome bacteria, able to induce chronic infections with recurrent inflammatory symptoms. Mycoplasmas' parasitic lifestyle relies on metabolite uptake from the host. Mycoplasmas induce NET release, but their surface or secreted nucleases digest the NETs' DNA scaffold, allowing them to escape from entrapment and providing essential nucleotide precursors, thus promoting the infection. The presence of Mycoplasma species has been associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and cancer. The persistence of mycoplasma infection and prolonged NET release may contribute to the onset of chronic inflammatory diseases and needs further investigation and insights.
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Colciaghi F, Costanza M. Unveiling Leukocyte Extracellular Traps in Inflammatory Responses of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915392. [PMID: 35844591 PMCID: PMC9283689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past nearly two decades, increasing evidence has uncovered how immune cells can actively extrude genetic material to entrap invading pathogens or convey sterile inflammatory signals that contribute to shaping immune responses. Originally identified in neutrophils, the release of decondensed chromatin fibers decorated with antimicrobial proteins, called extracellular traps (ETs), has been recognized as a specific form of programmed inflammatory cell death, which is now known to occur in several other leukocytes. Subsequent reports have shown that self-DNA can be extruded from immune cells even in the absence of cell death phenomena. More recent data suggest that ETs formation could exacerbate neuroinflammation in several disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). This review article provides an overview of the varied types, sources, and potential functions of extracellular DNA released by immune cells. Key evidence suggesting the involvement of ETs in neurodegenerative, traumatic, autoimmune, and oncological disorders of the CNS will be discussed, outlining ongoing challenges and drawing potentially novel lines of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Colciaghi
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Costanza
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Massimo Costanza,
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18
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He Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Yan L, Wu J. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Candida albicans Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913028. [PMID: 35784323 PMCID: PMC9245010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing clinical Candida infections. Neutrophils are a key member of the host innate immunity that plays an essential role in clearing invading C. albicans. In addition to the well-known defensive approaches such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and reactive oxygen species production, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has also become an important way for neutrophils to defend against various pathogens. C. albicans has been reported to be capable of activating neutrophils to release NETs that subsequently kill fungi. The induction of NETs is affected by both the morphology and virulence factors of C. albicans, which also develops specific strategies to respond to the attack by NETs. Our review specifically focuses on the mechanisms by which C. albicans triggers NET formation and their subsequent interactions, which might provide meaningful insight into the innate immunity against C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei He
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Yan, ; Jianhua Wu,
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Yan, ; Jianhua Wu,
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19
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Li Y, Xie L, Song W, Huang M, Cheng Y, Chen S, Gao Y, Yan X. The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Ocular System. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1227-1238. [PMID: 35634655 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2079141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Neutrophils remain at the top of congenital and adaptive immune systems. The past 20 years witnessed a steep rise in the interest in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are a novel type of anti-pathogen mechanism coordinated with neutrophils. However, accumulating data revealed that excessive NETs in the host were associated with exacerbated inflammation, thrombosis, and autoimmunity. Increasing evidence found the participation of NETs in the pathophysiological process of many infectious and sterile diseases in the ocular system. Therefore, we discussed the role of neutrophil extracellular traps in the ocular system in this review.Methods: Articles were searched on PubMed, Embase and Web of science up to December 2021.Results: In this review, we exhibited the protective role of neutrophils patrolling the ocular surface from invading pathogens and their contribution to exacerbated inflammation and thrombogenesis in some ocular diseases. We also discussed the physiological and pathological processes of NET generation to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to interrupt immoderate NET formation and alleviate NET-induced harmful effects.Conclusions: Neutrophils and NETs are quite important for immune responses in the ocular system, while their negative effects on ocular tissue should also be emphasized, which could serve as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luoying Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meiting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shudi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Huang Z, Zhang H, Fu X, Han L, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhao J, Xiao D, Li H, Li P. Autophagy-driven neutrophil extracellular traps: The dawn of sepsis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153896. [PMID: 35462228 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome caused by infection disorders. The core mechanism of sepsis is immune dysfunction. Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating white blood cells, which play a crucial role in mediating the innate immune response. Previous studies have shown that an effective way to treat sepsis is through the regulation of neutrophil functions. Autophagy, a highly conserved degradation process, is responsible for removing denatured proteins or damaged organelles within cells and protecting cells from external stimuli. It is a key homeostasis process that promotes neutrophil function and differentiation. Autophagy has been shown to be closely associated with inflammation and immunity. Neutrophils, the first line of innate immunity, migrate to inflammatory sites upon their activation. Neutrophil-mediated autophagy may participate in the clinical course of sepsis. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the latest research findings on the changes in neutrophil external traps during sepsis, the regulatory role of autophagy in neutrophil, and the potential application of autophagy-driven NETs in sepsis, so as to guide clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haidan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danyang Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyao Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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Schultz BM, Acevedo OA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Role of Extracellular Trap Release During Bacterial and Viral Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:798853. [PMID: 35154050 PMCID: PMC8825568 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.798853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that play an essential role during the clearance of pathogens that can release chromatin structures coated by several cytoplasmatic and granular antibacterial proteins, called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These supra-molecular structures are produced to kill or immobilize several types of microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. The contribution of the NET release process (or NETosis) to acute inflammation or the prevention of pathogen spreading depends on the specific microorganism involved in triggering this response. Furthermore, studies highlight the role of innate cells different from neutrophils in triggering the release of extracellular traps during bacterial infection. This review summarizes the contribution of NETs during bacterial and viral infections, explaining the molecular mechanisms involved in their formation and the relationship with different components of such pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Orlando A Acevedo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Proteinous Components of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Are Arrested by the Cell Wall Proteins of Candida albicans during Fungal Infection, and Can Be Used in the Host Invasion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102736. [PMID: 34685715 PMCID: PMC8534323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of defense mechanisms of the human immune system to counteract infection by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans is the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of invasion, and the subsequent production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that efficiently capture and kill the invader cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that within these structures composed of chromatin and proteins, the latter play a pivotal role in the entrapment of the fungal pathogen. The proteinous components of NETs, such as the granular enzymes elastase, myeloperoxidase and lactotransferrin, as well as histones and cathelicidin-derived peptide LL-37, are involved in contact with the surface of C. albicans cells. The fungal partners in these interactions are a typical adhesin of the agglutinin-like sequence protein family Als3, and several atypical surface-exposed proteins of cytoplasmic origin, including enolase, triosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglycerate mutase. Importantly, the adhesion of both the elastase itself and the mixture of proteins originating from NETs on the C. albicans cell surface considerably increased the pathogen potency of human epithelial cell destruction compared with fungal cells without human proteins attached. Such an implementation of adsorbed NET-derived proteins by invading C. albicans cells might alter the effectiveness of the fungal pathogen entrapment and affect the further host colonization.
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Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Lung Microbiome in COPD. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101312. [PMID: 34680429 PMCID: PMC8533282 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2021 Report recommends inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing regimens as part of pharmacological treatment in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and frequent exacerbations, particularly with eosinophilic inflammation. However, real-world studies reveal overprescription of ICS in COPD, irrespective of disease presentation and inflammatory endotype, leading to increased risk of side effects, mainly respiratory infections. The optimal use of ICS in COPD therefore remains an area of intensive research, and additional biomarkers of benefit and risk are needed. Although the interplay between inflammation and infection in COPD is widely acknowledged, the role of the microbiome in shaping lower airway inflammation has only recently been explored. Next-generation sequencing has revealed that COPD disease progression and exacerbation frequency are associated with changes in the composition of the lung microbiome, and that the immunosuppressive effects of ICS can contribute to potentially deleterious airway microbiota changes by increasing bacterial load and the abundance of potentially pathogenic taxa such as Streptococcus and Haemophilus. Here, we explore the relationship between microbiome, inflammation, ICS use and disease phenotype. This relationship may inform the benefit:risk assessment of ICS use in patients with COPD and lead to more personalised pharmacological management.
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Neutrophil extracellular traps and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:152-162. [PMID: 34537216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection followed by inflammation and is one of the significant causes of mortality worldwide. The underlying reason is the host's uncontrolled inflammatory response due to an infection led to multiple organ dysfunction/failure. Neutrophils, an innate immune cell, are forerunners to reach the site of infection/inflammation for clearing the infection and resolute the inflammation during sepsis. A relatively new neutrophil effector function, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), have been demonstrated to kill the pathogens by releasing DNA decorated with histone and granular proteins. A growing number of pieces of shreds of evidence suggest that unregulated incidence of NETs have a significant influence on the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ damage, including arterial hypotension, hypoxemia, coagulopathy, renal, neurological, and hepatic dysfunction. Thus, excessive production and improper resolution of NETs are of significant therapeutic value in combating sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. The purpose of this review is intended to highlight the role of NETs in sepsis-induced organ failure. Furthermore, the current status of therapeutic strategies to intersect the harmful effects of NETs to restore organ functions is discussed.
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Rebordão MR, Amaral A, Fernandes C, Silva E, Lukasik K, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A, Pinto-Bravo P, Galvão A, Skarzynski DJ, Ferreira-Dias G. Enzymes Present in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps May Stimulate the Fibrogenic PGF 2α Pathway in the Mare Endometrium. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092615. [PMID: 34573581 PMCID: PMC8469524 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometrosis is a fibrotic disease in mare endometrium whose pathological mechanisms remain obscure. Prostaglandin (PG)F2α, despite modulating reproductive physiological processes, may also provoke local pathological collagen deposition (fibrogenesis). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released during inflammation have been linked to fibrogenesis in several tissues. We have previously shown that enzymes found in NETs increase in vitro collagen production in mare endometrium. In this study, activation of PGF2α-pathway in equine endometrial explants challenged in vitro by enzymes found in NETs is shown. Our results indicate that both endocrine microenvironment (estrous cycle phase) and healthy or pathological conditions of endometrial tissues play an important role in PGF2α-pathway activation. In the endometrium of the follicular phase, we have observed both high production of PGF2α and/or PGF2α receptor gene transcription under the action of enzymes found in NETs, both conditions associated with fibrogenesis in other tissues. Nevertheless, transcription of the PGF2α receptor gene does not appear to be hormone-dependent, albeit their levels seem to be dependent on endometrial category in the mid-luteal phase. This study suggests that enzymes existing in NETs may instigate changes on PGF2α mediators, which may become an additional mechanism of fibrogenesis in mare endometrium. Abstract Endometrosis, a fibrotic disease of mare endometrium, impairs uterine function. Prostaglandins (PG), despite modulating reproductive physiological functions, may also cause local pathological collagen deposition (fibrogenesis). We have previously shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may also favor mare endometrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enzymes present in NETs on PGF2α-pathway activation. Kenney and Doig’s type I/IIA and IIB/III mare endometria, from follicular phase (FLP) and mid-luteal (MLP) phase, were cultured in vitro in the presence of NETs enzymes (elastase, cathepsin-G or myeloperoxidase). Production of PGF2α (EIA) and transcription (qPCR) of its synthases (PTGS2, AKR1C3) and receptor (PTGFR) genes were evaluated. PGF2α and PTGFR were influenced by endometrial category and estrous cycle phase. In FLP endometrium, NETs enzymes induced both high PGF2α production and/or PTGFR transcription. In MLP type I/IIA tissues, down-regulation of PTGFR transcripts occurred. However, in MLP type IIB/III endometrium, high levels of PTGFR transcripts were induced by NETs enzymes. As PGF2α-pathway activation facilitates fibrogenesis in other tissues, PGF2α may be involved in endometrosis pathogenesis. In the mare, the endocrine microenvironment of healthy and pathological endometrium might modulate the PGF2α pathway, as well as fibrosis outcome on endometrium challenged by NETs enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rebordão
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Amaral
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Carina Fernandes
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Pedro Pinto-Bravo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, College of Agriculture, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - António Galvão
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Dariusz J. Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of PAS, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.L.); (A.S.-M.); (A.G.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.R.R.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-213-652-859
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Zhou Y, Cheng L, Lei YL, Ren B, Zhou X. The Interactions Between Candida albicans and Mucosal Immunity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652725. [PMID: 34234752 PMCID: PMC8255368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosa protects the body against external pathogen invasion. However, pathogen colonies on the mucosa can invade the mucosa when the immunosurveillance is compromised, causing mucosal infection and subsequent diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to timely and effectively monitor and control pathogenic microorganisms through mucosal immunity. Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungi on the mucosa. The C. albicans colonies proliferate and increase their virulence, causing severe infectious diseases and even death, especially in immunocompromised patients. The normal host mucosal immune defense inhibits pathogenic C. albicans through stepwise processes, such as pathogen recognition, cytokine production, and immune cell phagocytosis. Herein, the current advances in the interactions between C. albicans and host mucosal immune defenses have been summarized to improve understanding on the immune mechanisms against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu L. Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Speziale P, Pietrocola G. Staphylococcus aureus induces neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and neutralizes their bactericidal potential. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3451-3457. [PMID: 34194670 PMCID: PMC8220102 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are considered part of the innate human immune system because they are involved in host defense during bacterial infections. NETs are formed by activated neutrophils and consist of a DNA backbone combined with proteins with different biological functions. The activity of NETs can be significantly reduced by a Staphylococcus aureus DNase, which degrades the DNA backbone and enables the liberation of bacteria from NETs, and by Eap, a secreted protein which binds and aggregates linearized DNA, suppressing the formation of NETs. Furthermore, the pathogen can resist NET-mediated killing by expressing the surface protein FnBPB, which neutralizes the bactericidal activity of histones. Finally, the anti-staphylococcal activity of NETs is counteracted and blocked by S. aureus biofilm. Staphylococcal cells and several virulence factors such as protein A and phenol-soluble modulins can also elicit the formation of NETs which in turn can cause tissue injury, enhancing bacterial performance in host colonization. The identification of additional virulence factors involved in NET formation/neutralization could provide the basis for therapeutic interventions against this formidable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Virulence Determinants of Colistin-Resistant K. pneumoniae High-Risk Clones. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050436. [PMID: 34068937 PMCID: PMC8155863 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We proposed the hypothesis that high-risk clones of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae (ColR-Kp) possesses a high number of virulence factors and has enhanced survival capacity against the neutrophil activity. We studied virulence genes of ColR-Kp isolates and neutrophil response in 142 patients with invasive ColR-Kp infections. The ST101 and ST395 ColR-Kp infections had higher 30-day mortality (58%, p = 0.005 and 75%, p = 0.003). The presence of yersiniabactin biosynthesis gene (ybtS) and ferric uptake operon associated gene (kfu) were significantly higher in ST101 (99%, p ≤ 0.001) and ST395 (94%, p < 0.012). Being in ICU (OR: 7.9; CI: 1.43-55.98; p = 0.024), kfu (OR:27.0; CI: 5.67-179.65; p < 0.001) and ST101 (OR: 17.2; CI: 2.45-350.40; p = 0.01) were found to be predictors of 30-day mortality. Even the neutrophil uptake of kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp was significantly higher than kfu--ybtS- ColR-Kp (phagocytosis rate: 78% vs. 65%, p < 0.001), and the kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp survived more than kfu--ybtS- ColR-Kp (median survival index: 7.90 vs. 4.22; p = 0.001). The kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp stimulated excessive NET formation. Iron uptake systems in high-risk clones of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae enhance the success of survival against the neutrophil phagocytic defense and stimulate excessive NET formation. The drugs targeted to iron uptake systems would be a promising approach for the treatment of colistin-resistant high-risk clones of K. pneumoniae infections.
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Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zheng H, Yang Y, Lu Y, Zhou H, Zheng J, Dong Z. The screening of albumin as a key serum component in preventing release of neutrophil extracellular traps by selectively inhibiting mitochondrial ROS generation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:427-438. [PMID: 32799676 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular DNA webs released from neutrophils to mediate the host antimicrobial defense. As NETs could also induce thrombosis and cause organ injury, their release should be strictly controlled; however, the intrinsic mechanisms that prevent unfavorable NETs are not well understood. Herein, an accidental finding of NET release from human peripheral neutrophils was first described in a serum-free culture, which was later determined to be a conserved NET prevention effect of serum. In contrast to canonical NETs induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), NET formation by serum-free culture was rapid and without prevalent NETosis. Next, albumin was screened out as a key serum component that mediated the suppression of NETs. Moreover, NETs induced upon serum or albumin deficiency were independent of the canonical pathway that involves NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation and cytosol reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Instead, the generation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) was upregulated to promote NET release. Albumin exhibited mtROS scavenging activity and thus inhibited NETs. Serum-free culture also induced the release of NET-bound oxidized mtDNA, which stimulated interferon-β (IFN-β) production. Overall, our research provides new evidence that characterizes the NET production in serum-free culture and determines the mechanisms by which serum albumin inhibits NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Drury B, Hardisty G, Gray RD, Ho GT. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Translation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:321-333. [PMID: 33689803 PMCID: PMC8166923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) are characterised by chronic non-resolving gut mucosal inflammation involving innate and adaptive immune responses. Neutrophils, usually regarded as first responders in inflammation, are a key presence in the gut mucosal inflammatory milieu in IBD. Here, we review the role of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation as a potential effector disease mechanism. NETs are extracellular webs of chromatin, microbicidal proteins and oxidative enzymes that are released by neutrophils to contain pathogens. NETs contribute to the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis; and recently, as a major tissue damaging process involved in the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. NETs are pertinent as a defence mechanism at the gut mucosal interphase exposed to high levels of bacteria, viruses and fungi. On the other hand, NETs can also potentiate and perpetuate gut inflammation. In this review, we discuss the broad protective vs. pathogenic roles of NETs, explanatory factors that could lead to an increase in NET formation in IBD and how NETs may contribute to gut inflammation and IBD-related complications. Finally, we summarise therapeutic opportunities to target NETs in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Broc Drury
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Hardisty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Rungelrath V, DeLeo FR. Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic Resistance, and the Interaction with Human Neutrophils. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:452-470. [PMID: 32460514 PMCID: PMC8020508 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance:Staphylococcus aureus is among the leading causes of bacterial infections worldwide. The high burden of S. aureus among human and animal hosts, which includes asymptomatic carriage and infection, is coupled with a notorious ability of the microbe to become resistant to antibiotics. Notably, S. aureus has the ability to produce molecules that promote evasion of host defense, including the ability to avoid killing by neutrophils. Recent Advances: Significant progress has been made to better understand S. aureus-host interactions. These discoveries include elucidation of the role played by numerous S. aureus virulence molecules during infection. Based on putative functions, a number of these virulence molecules, including S. aureus alpha-hemolysin and protein A, have been identified as therapeutic targets. Although it has not been possible to develop a vaccine that can prevent S. aureus infections, monoclonal antibodies specific for S. aureus virulence molecules have the potential to moderate the severity of disease. Critical Issues: Therapeutic options for treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are limited, and the microbe typically develops resistance to new antibiotics. New prophylactics and/or therapeutics are needed. Future Directions: Research that promotes an enhanced understanding of S. aureus-host interaction is an important step toward developing new therapeutic approaches directed to moderate disease severity and facilitate treatment of infection. This research effort includes studies that enhance our view of the interaction of S. aureus with human neutrophils. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 452-470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Rungelrath
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Tian Y, Qu S, Alam HB, Williams AM, Wu Z, Deng Q, Pan B, Zhou J, Liu B, Duan X, Ma J, Mondal S, Thompson PR, Stringer KA, Standiford TJ, Li Y. Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 has potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target of sepsis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138873. [PMID: 33055424 PMCID: PMC7605547 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of calcium-dependent enzymes that are involved in a variety of human disorders, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. Although targeting PAD4 has shown no benefit in sepsis, the role of PAD2 remains unknown. Here, we report that PAD2 is engaged in sepsis and sepsis-induced acute lung injury in both human patients and mice. Pad2–/– or selective inhibition of PAD2 by a small molecule inhibitor increased survival and improved overall outcomes in mouse models of sepsis. Pad2 deficiency decreased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Importantly, Pad2 deficiency inhibited Caspase-11–dependent pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Suppression of PAD2 expression reduced inflammation and increased macrophage bactericidal activity. In contrast to Pad2–/–, Pad4 deficiency enhanced activation of Caspase-11–dependent pyroptosis in BM-derived macrophages and displayed no survival improvement in a mouse sepsis model. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of PAD2 as an indicative marker and therapeutic target for sepsis. Peptidylarginine deiminases 2 (PAD2) regulates neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in sepsis and sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shibin Qu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xian, Shanxi, China
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron M Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Infectious Disease, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiufang Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Baihong Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Trauma Center, Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiuzhen Duan
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen A Stringer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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33
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Chen X, Li Y, Qin L, He R, Hu C. Neutrophil Extracellular Trapping Network Promotes the Pathogenesis of Neutrophil-associated Asthma through Macrophages. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:544-561. [PMID: 32552227 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1778720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex airway inflammatory disease that can be roughly classified into eosinophilic phenotype and non-eosinophilic phenotype. Most of the latter manifested as airway inflammation dominated by neutrophil infiltration, namely neutrophil-dominated asthma (NA). Neutrophil extracellular trapping (NETs) is a newly discovered antimicrobial mechanism of neutrophils; however, NETs can not only resist killing pathogenic microorganisms, but also promote tissue damage and autoimmune response. In the present study, we successfully established NA model in C57BL/6 mice and observed the increased formation of NETs. In NA mice, the free DNA abundance, the airway resistance, the cell numbers (total cell number, macrophage number, and neutrophil number), and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased while the lung dynamic compliance was significantly reduced. After DNase I treatment, the above indexes in NA mice were all improved. In NA mice, either treatment with macrophage scavenger or IL-1β neutralizing antibody also improved the above-described indexes. In vitro, in human peripheral blood-derived neutrophils, PMA treatment significantly increased the formation of NETs. Furthermore, in macrophages differentiated from THP-1 monocytes, LPS or isolated NETs both significantly increased the levels of cytokines. In conclusion, NETs can stimulate macrophages to secrete IL-1β, which promotes neutrophils infiltration in the airway; infiltrated neutrophils, in turn, generates NETs, which can amplify the tissue damage caused by NETs and macrophages, inducing and aggravating NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoxi He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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34
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Miró J, Marín H, Catalán J, Papas M, Gacem S, Yeste M. Seminal Plasma, Sperm Concentration, and Sperm-PMN Interaction in the Donkey: An In Vitro Model to Study Endometrial Inflammation at Post-Insemination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103478. [PMID: 32423134 PMCID: PMC7278951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the donkey, artificial insemination (AI) with frozen-thawed semen is associated with low fertility rates, which could be partially augmented through adding seminal plasma (SP) and increasing sperm concentration. On the other hand, post-AI endometrial inflammation in the jenny is significantly higher than in the mare. While previous studies analyzed this response through recovering Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (PMN) from uterine washings, successive lavages can detrimentally impact the endometrium, leading to fertility issues. For this reason, the first set of experiments in this work intended to set an in vitro model through harvesting PMN from the peripheral blood of jennies. Thereafter, how PMN, which require a triggering agent like formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) to be activated, are affected by donkey semen was interrogated. Finally, we tested how four concentrations of spermatozoa (100 × 106, 200 × 106, 500 × 106 and 1000 × 106 spermatozoa/mL) affected their interaction with PMN. We observed that semen, which consists of sperm and SP, is able to activate PMN. Whereas there was a reduced percentage of spermatozoa phagocytosed by PMN, most remained attached on the PMN surface or into a surrounding halo. Spermatozoa not attached to PMN were viable, and most of those bound to PMN were also viable and showed high tail beating. Finally, only sperm concentrations higher than 500 × 106 spermatozoa/mL showed free sperm cells after 3 h of incubation, and percentages of spermatozoa not attached to PMN were higher at 3 h than at 1 h, exhibiting high motility. We can thus conclude that semen activates PMN in the donkey, and that the percentage of spermatozoa phagocytosed by PMN is low. Furthermore, because percentages of spermatozoa not attached to PMN were higher after 3 h than after 1 h of incubation, we suggest that PMN-sperm interaction plays an instrumental role in the reproductive strategy of the donkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Miró
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (H.M.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-5814273
| | - Henar Marín
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (H.M.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Jaime Catalán
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (H.M.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Marion Papas
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (H.M.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Gacem
- Equine Reproduction Service, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; (H.M.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain;
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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35
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Laucirica DR, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Progress in Model Systems of Cystic Fibrosis Mucosal Inflammation to Understand Aberrant Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32318073 PMCID: PMC7154161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), powerful innate immune signals trigger polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment into the airway lumen. Exaggerated neutrophil proteolytic activity results in sustained inflammation and scarring of the airways. Consequently, neutrophils and their secretions are reliable clinical biomarkers of lung disease progression. As neutrophils are required to clear infection and yet a direct cause of airway damage, modulating adverse neutrophil activity while preserving their pathogen fighting function remains a key area of CF research. The factors that drive their pathological behavior are still under investigation, especially in early disease when aberrant neutrophil behavior first becomes evident. Here we examine the latest findings of neutrophils in pediatric CF lung disease and proposed mechanisms of their pathogenicity. Highlighted in this review are current and emerging experimental methods for assessing CF mucosal immunity and human neutrophil function in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Laucirica
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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36
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Galkina SI, Fedorova NV, Golenkina EA, Stadnichuk VI, Sud’ina GF. Cytonemes Versus Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Fight of Neutrophils with Microbes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020586. [PMID: 31963289 PMCID: PMC7014225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils can phagocytose microorganisms and destroy them intracellularly using special bactericides located in intracellular granules. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils can catch and kill pathogens extracellularly using the same bactericidal agents. For this, live neutrophils create a cytoneme network, and dead neutrophils provide chromatin and proteins to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Cytonemes are filamentous tubulovesicular secretory protrusions of living neutrophils with intact nuclei. Granular bactericides are localized in membrane vesicles and tubules of which cytonemes are composed. NETs are strands of decondensed DNA associated with histones released by died neutrophils. In NETs, bactericidal neutrophilic agents are adsorbed onto DNA strands and are not covered with a membrane. Cytonemes and NETs occupy different places in protecting the body against infections. Cytonemes can develop within a few minutes at the site of infection through the action of nitric oxide or actin-depolymerizing alkaloids of invading microbes. The formation of NET in vitro occurs due to chromatin decondensation resulting from prolonged activation of neutrophils with PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) or other stimuli, or in vivo due to citrullination of histones with peptidylarginine deiminase 4. In addition to antibacterial activity, cytonemes are involved in cell adhesion and communications. NETs play a role in autoimmunity and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Galkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.G.); (G.F.S.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5408 (S.I.G.)
| | - Natalia V. Fedorova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
| | | | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.F.); (E.A.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.G.); (G.F.S.); Tel.: +7-495-939-5408 (S.I.G.)
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37
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The Brain Entangled: The Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to the Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121477. [PMID: 31766346 PMCID: PMC6953104 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal conditions, neutrophils are restricted from trafficking into the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid by the presence of the brain–blood barrier (BBB). Yet, infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) by neutrophils is a well-known phenomenon in the course of different pathological conditions, e.g., infection, trauma or neurodegeneration. Different studies have shown that neutrophil products, i.e., free oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzymes, play an important role in the pathogenesis of BBB damage. It was recently observed that accumulating granulocytes may release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which damage the BBB and directly injure surrounding neurons. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of NETs in various pathological conditions affecting the CNS.
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38
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Trevisan E, Menegazzi R, Zabucchi G, Troian B, Prato S, Vita F, Rapozzi V, Grandolfo M, Borelli V. Effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy on human neutrophil functional responses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111605. [PMID: 31473428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an emerging novel therapeutic approach for treating localized microbial infections, particularly those sustained by multidrug-resistant strains. Given the irreplaceable role played by professional phagocytes in limiting infections, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, any newly designed antimicrobial therapeutic approach must not interfere with their function. The present investigation presents a detailed analysis of the effect of PDT on the viability and several functional responses of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils loaded with methylene blue (MB), one of the more commonly used photosensitizers in antimicrobial PDT. Taking advantage of the use of a specifically-designed optical LED array for illuminating MB-loaded human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a number of cell functions have been assayed under miniaturized, strictly controlled and reproducible experimental conditions. The major findings of this study are the following: (1) MB-PDT increases human neutrophils adhesion and does not modify myeloperoxidase release; (2) MB-PDT markedly enhances reactive oxygen species generation that is independent of superoxide-forming phagocytic oxidase and very likely ascribable to LED-dependent excitation of accumulated methylene blue; (3) MB-PDT almost abolishes human neutrophils candidacidal activity by hindering the engulfing machinery. This in vitro study may represent a valuable reference point for future research on PDT applications for treating localized microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Trevisan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Barbara Troian
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Stefano Prato
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vita
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- International School for Advenced Studies, Neurobiology sector, Via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
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39
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Driouich A, Smith C, Ropitaux M, Chambard M, Boulogne I, Bernard S, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré M, Moore J. Root extracellular traps versus neutrophil extracellular traps in host defence, a case of functional convergence? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1685-1700. [PMID: 31134732 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The root cap releases cells that produce massive amounts of mucilage containing polysaccharides, proteoglycans, extracellular DNA (exDNA) and a variety of antimicrobial compounds. The released cells - known as border cells or border-like cells - and mucilage secretions form networks that are defined as root extracellular traps (RETs). RETs are important players in root immunity. In animals, phagocytes are some of the most abundant white blood cells in circulation and are very important for immunity. These cells combat pathogens through multiple defence mechanisms, including the release of exDNA-containing extracellular traps (ETs). Traps of neutrophil origin are abbreviated herein as NETs. Similar to phagocytes, plant root cap-originating cells actively contribute to frontline defence against pathogens. RETs and NETs are thus components of the plant and animal immune systems, respectively, that exhibit similar compositional and functional properties. Herein, we describe and discuss the formation, molecular composition and functional similarities of these similar but different extracellular traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Marc Ropitaux
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Chambard
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - John Moore
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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40
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Silvestre-Roig C, Braster Q, Wichapong K, Lee EY, Teulon JM, Berrebeh N, Winter J, Adrover JM, Santos GS, Froese A, Lemnitzer P, Ortega-Gómez A, Chevre R, Marschner J, Schumski A, Winter C, Perez-Olivares L, Pan C, Paulin N, Schoufour T, Hartwig H, González-Ramos S, Kamp F, Megens RTA, Mowen KA, Gunzer M, Maegdefessel L, Hackeng T, Lutgens E, Daemen M, von Blume J, Anders HJ, Nikolaev VO, Pellequer JL, Weber C, Hidalgo A, Nicolaes GAF, Wong GCL, Soehnlein O. Externalized histone H4 orchestrates chronic inflammation by inducing lytic cell death. Nature 2019; 569:236-240. [PMID: 31043745 PMCID: PMC6716525 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The perpetuation of inflammation is an important pathophysiological contributor to the global medical burden. Chronic inflammation is promoted by non-programmed cell death1,2; however, how inflammation is instigated, its cellular and molecular mediators, and its therapeutic value are poorly defined. Here we use mouse models of atherosclerosis-a major underlying cause of mortality worldwide-to demonstrate that extracellular histone H4-mediated membrane lysis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) triggers arterial tissue damage and inflammation. We show that activated lesional SMCs attract neutrophils, triggering the ejection of neutrophil extracellular traps that contain nuclear proteins. Among them, histone H4 binds to and lyses SMCs, leading to the destabilization of plaques; conversely, the neutralization of histone H4 prevents cell death of SMCs and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions. Our data identify a form of cell death found at the core of chronic vascular disease that is instigated by leukocytes and can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Quinte Braster
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Nihel Berrebeh
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Janine Winter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - José M Adrover
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alexander Froese
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Lemnitzer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gómez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Chevre
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Marschner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ariane Schumski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Winter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Chang Pan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Paulin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Schoufour
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Hartwig
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frits Kamp
- BMC, Metabolic Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilman Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mat Daemen
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cohen TS, Takahashi V, Bonnell J, Tovchigrechko A, Chaerkady R, Yu W, Jones-Nelson O, Lee Y, Raja R, Hess S, Stover CK, Worthington JJ, Travis MA, Sellman BR. Staphylococcus aureus drives expansion of low-density neutrophils in diabetic mice. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2133-2144. [PMID: 30985291 PMCID: PMC6486344 DOI: 10.1172/jci126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic individuals are at considerable risk for invasive infection by Staphylococcus aureus, however, the mechanisms underlying this enhanced susceptibility to infection are unclear. We observed increased mortality following i.v. S. aureus infection in diabetic mice compared with nondiabetic controls, correlating with increased numbers of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). LDNs have been implicated in the inflammatory pathology of diseases such as lupus, given their release of large amounts of NETs. Our goal was to describe what drives LDN increases during S. aureus infection in the diabetic host and mechanisms that promote increased NET production by LDNs. LDN development is dependent on TGF-β, which we found to be more activated in the diabetic host. Neutralization of TGF-β, or the TGF-β-activating integrin αvβ8, reduced LDN numbers and improved survival during S. aureus infection. Targeting S. aureus directly with MEDI4893*, an α toxin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody, blocked TGF-β activation, reduced LDNs and NETs, and significantly improved survival. A comparison of gene and protein expression in high-density neutrophils and LDNs identified increased GPCRs and elevated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the LDN subset. Inhibition of PTEN improved the survival of infected diabetic mice. Our data identify a population of neutrophils in infected diabetic mice that correlated with decreased survival and increased NET production and describe 3 therapeutic targets, a bacterial target and 2 host proteins, that prevented NET production and improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wen Yu
- Bioinformatics, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Young Lee
- Department of Translational Medicine and Pharmacogenetics
| | - Rajiv Raja
- Department of Translational Medicine and Pharmacogenetics
| | - Sonja Hess
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, and
| | | | - John J. Worthington
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Travis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Radosa S, Ferling I, Sprague JL, Westermann M, Hillmann F. The different morphologies of yeast and filamentous fungi trigger distinct killing and feeding mechanisms in a fungivorous amoeba. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1809-1820. [PMID: 30868709 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Size and diverse morphologies pose a primary challenge for phagocytes such as innate immune cells and predatory amoebae when encountering fungal prey. Although filamentous fungi can escape phagocytic killing by pure physical constraints, unicellular spores and yeasts can mask molecular surface patterns or arrest phagocytic processing. Here, we show that the fungivorous amoeba Protostelium aurantium was able to adjust its killing and feeding mechanisms to these different cell shapes. Yeast-like fungi from the major fungal groups of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes were readily internalized by phagocytosis, except for the human pathogen Candida albicans whose mannoprotein coat was essential to escape recognition by the amoeba. Dormant spores of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus also remained unrecognized, but swelling and the onset of germination induced internalization and intracellular killing by the amoeba. Mature hyphae of A. fumigatus were mostly attacked from the hyphal tip and killed by an actin-mediated invasion of fungal filaments. Our results demonstrate that predatory pressure imposed by amoebae in natural environments selects for distinct survival strategies in yeast and filamentous fungi but commonly targets the fungal cell wall as a crucial molecular pattern associated to prey and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Radosa
- Junior Research Group Evolution of Microbial Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Iuliia Ferling
- Junior Research Group Evolution of Microbial Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jakob L Sprague
- Junior Research Group Evolution of Microbial Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Falk Hillmann
- Junior Research Group Evolution of Microbial Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
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Song Y, Kadiyala U, Weerappuli P, Valdez JJ, Yalavarthi S, Louttit C, Knight JS, Moon JJ, Weiss DS, VanEpps JS, Takayama S. Antimicrobial Microwebs of DNA-Histone Inspired from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807436. [PMID: 30698844 PMCID: PMC6467213 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are decondensed chromatin networks released by neutrophils that can trap and kill pathogens but can also paradoxically promote biofilms. The mechanism of NET functions remains ambiguous, at least in part, due to their complex and variable compositions. To unravel the antimicrobial performance of NETs, a minimalistic NET-like synthetic structure, termed "microwebs," is produced by the sonochemical complexation of DNA and histone. The prepared microwebs have structural similarity to NETs at the nanometer to micrometer dimensions but with well-defined molecular compositions. Microwebs prepared with different DNA to histone ratios show that microwebs trap pathogenic Escherichia coli in a manner similar to NETs when the zeta potential of the microwebs is positive. The DNA nanofiber networks and the bactericidal histone constituting the microwebs inhibit the growth of E. coli. Moreover, microwebs work synergistically with colistin sulfate, a common and a last-resort antibiotic, by targeting the cell envelope of pathogenic bacteria. The synthesis of microwebs enables mechanistic studies not possible with NETs, and it opens new possibilities for constructing biomimetic bacterial microenvironments to better understand and predict physiological pathogen responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Usha Kadiyala
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Priyan Weerappuli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jordan J. Valdez
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | | | - Cameron Louttit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David S. Weiss
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Voisin M, Nourshargh S. Neutrophil trafficking to lymphoid tissues: physiological and pathological implications. J Pathol 2019; 247:662-671. [PMID: 30584795 PMCID: PMC6492258 DOI: 10.1002/path.5227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have provided evidence for the involvement of neutrophils in both innate and adaptive immunity, robustly challenging the old dogma that neutrophils are short-lived prototypical innate immune cells solely involved in acute responses to microbes and exerting collateral tissue damage. There is now ample evidence showing that neutrophils can migrate into different compartments of the lymphoid system where they contribute to the orchestration of the activation and/or suppression of lymphocyte effector functions in homeostasis and during chronic inflammation, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. In support of this notion, neutrophils can generate a wide range of cytokines and other mediators capable of regulating the survival, proliferation and functions of both T and B cells. In addition, neutrophils can directly engage with lymphocytes and promote antigen presentation. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence of the existence of distinct and diverse neutrophil phenotypes with immunomodulatory functions that characterise different pathological conditions, including chronic and autoimmune inflammatory conditions. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms implicated in neutrophil trafficking into the lymphoid system and to provide an overview of the immuno-regulatory functions of neutrophils in health and disease in the context of adaptive immunity. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu‐Benoit Voisin
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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46
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Boeltz S, Amini P, Anders HJ, Andrade F, Bilyy R, Chatfield S, Cichon I, Clancy DM, Desai J, Dumych T, Dwivedi N, Gordon RA, Hahn J, Hidalgo A, Hoffmann MH, Kaplan MJ, Knight JS, Kolaczkowska E, Kubes P, Leppkes M, Manfredi AA, Martin SJ, Maueröder C, Maugeri N, Mitroulis I, Munoz LE, Nakazawa D, Neeli I, Nizet V, Pieterse E, Radic MZ, Reinwald C, Ritis K, Rovere-Querini P, Santocki M, Schauer C, Schett G, Shlomchik MJ, Simon HU, Skendros P, Stojkov D, Vandenabeele P, Berghe TV, van der Vlag J, Vitkov L, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Yousefi S, Zarbock A, Herrmann M. To NET or not to NET:current opinions and state of the science regarding the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:395-408. [PMID: 30622307 PMCID: PMC6370810 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery and definition of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) 14 years ago, numerous characteristics and physiological functions of NETs have been uncovered. Nowadays, the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate formation of NETs, their previously unknown properties, and novel implications in disease continue to emerge. The abundance of available data has also led to some confusion in the NET research community due to contradictory results and divergent scientific concepts, such as pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in pathologic conditions, demarcation from other forms of cell death, or the origin of the DNA that forms the NET scaffold. Here, we present prevailing concepts and state of the science in NET-related research and elaborate on open questions and areas of dispute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Boeltz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Poorya Amini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Simon Chatfield
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iwona Cichon
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danielle M Clancy
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jyaysi Desai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nishant Dwivedi
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachael Ann Gordon
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus H Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jason S Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder institute of Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Department of Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pulmonology and Endocrinology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Norma Maugeri
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Luis E Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daigo Nakazawa
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Indira Neeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elmar Pieterse
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Z Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christiane Reinwald
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Michal Santocki
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mark Jay Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem platform, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ljubomir Vitkov
- Department of Biosciences, Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- University of Münster, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Keitelman IA, Sabbione F, Shiromizu CM, Giai C, Fuentes F, Rosso D, Ledo C, Miglio Rodriguez M, Guzman M, Geffner JR, Galletti J, Jancic C, Gómez MI, Trevani AS. Short-Term Fever-Range Hyperthermia Accelerates NETosis and Reduces Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2374. [PMID: 31681277 PMCID: PMC6813732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever is a hallmark of infections and inflammatory diseases, represented by an increase of 1-4°C in core body temperature. Fever-range hyperthermia (FRH) has been shown to increase neutrophil recruitment to local sites of infection. Here, we evaluated the impact of a short period (1 h) of FRH (STFRH) on pro-inflammatory and bactericidal human neutrophil functions. STFRH did not affect neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis but reverted the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anti-apoptotic effect compared with that under normothermic conditions. Furthermore, STFRH accelerated phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETosis evaluated either by the nuclear DNA decondensation at 2 h post-stimulation or by the increase in extracellular DNA that colocalized with myeloperoxidase (MPO) at 4 h post-stimulation. Increased NETosis upon STFRH was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production but not in autophagy levels. STFRH also increased NETosis in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge but moderately reduced its phagocytosis. However, these STFRH-induced effects did not influence the ability of neutrophils to kill bacteria after 4 h of co-culture. STFRH also significantly reduced neutrophil capacity to release the pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8/interleukin 8 (CXCL8/IL-8) and IL-1β in response to LPS and P. aeruginosa challenge. Altogether, these results indicate that a short and mild hyperthermal period is enough to modulate neutrophil responses to bacterial encounter. They also suggest that fever spikes during bacterial infections might lead neutrophils to trigger an emergency response promoting neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation to ensnare bacteria in order to wall off the infection and to reduce their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in order to limit the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Keitelman
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina M. Shiromizu
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Constanza Giai
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microscopía, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Rosso
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Ledo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM) UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Miglio Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Guzman
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeremías Galletti
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa I. Gómez
- Departamento de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S. Trevani
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Analía S. Trevani
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48
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Li RHL, Tablin F. A Comparative Review of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Sepsis. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:291. [PMID: 30547040 PMCID: PMC6280561 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of critical illness and mortality in human beings and animals. Neutrophils are the primary effector cells of innate immunity during sepsis. Besides degranulation and phagocytosis, neutrophils also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), composed of cell-free DNA, histones, and antimicrobial proteins. Although NETs have protective roles in the initial stages of sepsis, excessive NET formation has been found to induce thrombosis and multiple organ failure in murine sepsis models. Since the discovery of NETs nearly a decade ago, many investigators have identified NETs in various species. However, many questions remain regarding the exact mechanisms and fate of neutrophils following NET formation. In humans and mice, platelet-neutrophil interactions via direct binding or soluble mediators seem to play an important role in mediating NET formation during sepsis. Preliminary data suggest that these interactions may be species dependent. Regardless of these differences, there is increasing evidence in human and veterinary medicine suggesting that NETs play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of intravascular thrombosis and multiple organ failure in sepsis. Because the outcome of sepsis is highly dependent on early recognition and intervention, detection of NETs or NET components can aid in the diagnosis of sepsis in humans and veterinary species. In addition, the use of novel therapies such as deoxyribonuclease and non-anticoagulant heparin to target NET components shows promising results in murine septic models. Much work is needed in translating these NET-targeting therapies to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H L Li
- Department of Radiological and Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, United States
| | - Fern Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, United States
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Stacy NI, Fredholm DV, Rodriguez C, Castro L, Harvey JW. Whip-like heterophil projections in consecutive blood films from an injured gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) with systemic inflammation. Vet Q 2018; 37:162-165. [PMID: 28460581 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1325538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N I Stacy
- a Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,b Disney's Animals, Science and Environment , Bay Lake , FL , USA
| | - D V Fredholm
- b Disney's Animals, Science and Environment , Bay Lake , FL , USA
| | - C Rodriguez
- b Disney's Animals, Science and Environment , Bay Lake , FL , USA
| | - L Castro
- b Disney's Animals, Science and Environment , Bay Lake , FL , USA
| | - J W Harvey
- c Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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Eisenbeis J, Saffarzadeh M, Peisker H, Jung P, Thewes N, Preissner KT, Herrmann M, Molle V, Geisbrecht BV, Jacobs K, Bischoff M. The Staphylococcus aureus Extracellular Adherence Protein Eap Is a DNA Binding Protein Capable of Blocking Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:235. [PMID: 30038902 PMCID: PMC6047304 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular adherence protein (Eap) of Staphylococcus aureus is a secreted protein known to exert a number of adhesive and immunomodulatory properties. Here we describe the intrinsic DNA binding activity of this multifunctional secretory factor. By using atomic force microscopy, we provide evidence that Eap can bind and aggregate DNA. While the origin of the DNA substrate (e.g., eukaryotic, bacterial, phage, and artificial DNA) seems to not be of major importance, the DNA structure (e.g., linear or circular) plays a critical role with respect to the ability of Eap to bind and condense DNA. Further functional assays corroborated the nature of Eap as a DNA binding protein, since Eap suppressed the formation of "neutrophil extracellular traps" (NETs), composed of DNA-histone scaffolds, which are thought to function as a neutrophil-mediated extracellular trapping mechanism. The DNA binding and aggregation activity of Eap may thereby protect S. aureus against a specific anti-microbial defense reaction from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Eisenbeis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Mona Saffarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henrik Peisker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Jung
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Thewes
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Herrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5235, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Brian V. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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