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Wilms G, Schofield K, Maddern S, Foley C, Shaw Y, Smith B, Basantes LE, Schwandt K, Babendreyer A, Chavez T, McKee N, Gokhale V, Kallabis S, Meissner F, Rokey SN, Dunckley T, Montfort WR, Becker W, Hulme C. Discovery and Functional Characterization of a Potent, Selective, and Metabolically Stable PROTAC of the Protein Kinases DYRK1A and DYRK1B. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39344427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule-induced protein degradation has emerged as a promising pharmacological modality for inactivating disease-relevant protein kinases. DYRK1A and DYRK1B are closely related protein kinases that are involved in pathological processes such as neurodegeneration, cancer development, and adaptive immune homeostasis. Herein, we report the development of the first DYRK1 proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that combine a new ATP-competitive DYRK1 inhibitor with ligands for the E3 ubiquitin ligase component cereblon (CRBN) to induce ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of DYRK1A and DYRK1B. The lead compound (DYR684) promoted fast, efficient, potent, and selective degradation of DYRK1A in cell-based assays. Interestingly, an enzymatically inactive splicing variant of DYRK1B (p65) resisted degradation. Compared to competitive kinase inhibition, targeted degradation of DYRK1 by DYR684 provided improved suppression of downstream signaling. Collectively, our results identify DYRKs as viable targets for PROTAC-mediated degradation and qualify DYR684 as a useful chemical probe for DYRK1A and DYRK1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Wilms
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Schofield
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Shayna Maddern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yeng Shaw
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Breland Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - L Emilia Basantes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Katharina Schwandt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Timothy Chavez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas McKee
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Vijay Gokhale
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sebastian Kallabis
- Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Samantha N Rokey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Travis Dunckley
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - William R Montfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher Hulme
- Division of Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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2
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Hluchý M, Blazek D. CDK11, a splicing-associated kinase regulating gene expression. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00161-2. [PMID: 39245599 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The ability of a cell to properly express its genes depends on optimal transcription and splicing. RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribes protein-coding genes and produces pre-mRNAs, which undergo, largely co-transcriptionally, intron excision by the spliceosome complex. Spliceosome activation is a major control step, leading to a catalytically active complex. Recent work has showed that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)11 regulates spliceosome activation via the phosphorylation of SF3B1, a core spliceosome component. Thus, CDK11 arises as a major coordinator of gene expression in metazoans due to its role in the rate-limiting step of pre-mRNA splicing. This review outlines the evolution of CDK11 and SF3B1 and their emerging roles in splicing regulation. It also discusses how CDK11 and its inhibition affect transcription and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Hluchý
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Blazek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Kadyan P, Singh L. Unraveling the mechanistic interplay of mediators orchestrating the neuroprotective potential of harmine. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:665-678. [PMID: 38758470 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) encompass a range of conditions characterized by the specific dysfunction and continual decline of neurons, glial cells, and neural networks within the brain and spinal cord. The majority of NDDs exhibit similar underlying causes, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and malfunctioning of mitochondria. Elevated levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), alongside decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1), constitute significant factors contributing to the pathogenesis of NDDs. Additionally, the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) gene has emerged as a significant target for the treatment of NDDs at the preclinical level. It significantly contributes to developmental brain defects, early onset neurodegeneration, neuronal loss, and dementia in Down syndrome. Moreover, an impaired ubiquitin-proteosome system (UPS) also plays a pathological role in NDDs. Malfunctioning of UPS leads to abnormal protein buildup or aggregation of α-synuclein. α-Synuclein is a highly soluble unfolded protein that accumulates in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Recent research highlights the promising potential of natural products in combating NDDs relative to conventional therapies. Alkaloids have emerged as promising candidates in the fight against NDDs. Harmine is a tricyclic β-carboline alkaloid (harmala alkaloid) with one indole nucleus and a six-membered pyrrole ring. It is extracted from Banisteria caapi and Peganum harmala L. and exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, encompassing neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, etc. Harmine has been reported to mediate its neuroprotective via reducing the level of inflammatory mediators, NADPH oxidase, AChE, BChE and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, it has been observed to increase the levels of BDNF, GLT-1 and anti-oxidant enzymes, along with protein kinase-A (PKA)-mediated UPS activation. This review aims to discuss the mechanistic interplay of various mediators involved in the neuroprotective effect of harmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kadyan
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Lovedeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Mao D, Liu S, Phan AT, Renner S, Sun Y, Wang TT, Zhu Y. The TRAF3-DYRK1A-RAD54L2 complex maintains ACE2 expression to promote SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0034724. [PMID: 38651897 PMCID: PMC11092330 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00347-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is differentially expressed in a wide variety of tissues and cell types. The expression of ACE2 is under tight regulation, but the mechanisms regulating ACE2 expression have not yet been well defined. Through a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen, we discovered that host factors TRAF3, DYRK1A, and RAD54L2 (TDR) form a complex to regulate the expression of ACE2. Knockout of TRAF3, DYRK1A, or RAD54L2 reduces the mRNA levels of ACE2 and inhibits the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, SARS-CoV-2 continuously evolves by genetic mutations for the adaption to the host. We have identified mutations in spike (S) (P1079T) and nucleocapsid (N) (S194L) that enhance the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cells that express ACE2 at a low level. Our results have revealed the mechanisms for the transcriptional regulation of ACE2 and the adaption of SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE The expression of ACE2 is essential for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. We identify a new complex-the TDR complex-that acts to maintain the abundance of ACE2 in host cells. The identification and characterization of the TDR complex provide new targets for the development of therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By analysis of SARS-CoV-2 virus replicating in cells expressing low levels of ACE2, we identified mutations in spike (P1079T) and nucleocapsid (S194L) that overcome the restriction of limited ACE2. Functional analysis of these key amino acids in S and N extends our knowledge of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on virus infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - An Thanh Phan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie Renner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tony T. Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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5
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Zhang S, Zhong J, Xu L, Wu Y, Xu J, Shi J, Gu Z, Li X, Jin N. Truncated Dyrk1A aggravates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14493. [PMID: 37864462 PMCID: PMC11017436 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Aggravated neuronal loss, caused mainly by neuronal apoptosis, is observed in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and animal models of AD. A truncated form of Dual-specific and tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) plays a vital role in AD pathogenesis. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL is tightly correlated with neuronal loss in AD. However, the molecular regulation of neuronal apoptosis and Bcl-x expression by Dyrk1A in AD remains largely elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of Dyrk1A in apoptosis. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) were used to check apoptosis. The cells, transfected with Dyrk1A or/and ASF with Bcl-x minigene, were used to assay Bcl-x expression by RT-PCR and Western blots. Co-immunoprecipitation, autoradiography, and immunofluorescence were conducted to check the interaction of ASF and Dyrk1A. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of apoptosis-related genes was performed in mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A) and AD model 5xFAD mice. RESULTS Dyrk1A promoted Bcl-xS expression and apoptosis. Splicing factor ASF promoted Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion, leading to increased Bcl-xL expression. Dyrk1A suppressed ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion via phosphorylation. The C-terminus deletion of Dyrk1A facilitated its binding and kinase activity to ASF. Moreover, Dyrk1a1-483 further suppressed the ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion and aggravated apoptosis. The truncated Dyrk1A, increased Bcl-xS, and enrichment of apoptosis-related genes was observed in the brain of 5xFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that increased Dyrk1A and truncated Dyrk1A may aggravate neuronal apoptosis by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS via phosphorylating ASF in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical College‐Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Lian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhikai Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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6
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Ananthapadmanabhan V, Shows KH, Dickinson AJ, Litovchick L. Insights from the protein interaction Universe of the multifunctional "Goldilocks" kinase DYRK1A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1277537. [PMID: 37900285 PMCID: PMC10600473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1277537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Dual specificity tyrosine (Y)-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is encoded by a dosage-dependent gene located in the Down syndrome critical region of human chromosome 21. The known substrates of DYRK1A include proteins involved in transcription, cell cycle control, DNA repair and other processes. However, the function and regulation of this kinase is not fully understood, and the current knowledge does not fully explain the dosage-dependent function of this kinase. Several recent proteomic studies identified DYRK1A interacting proteins in several human cell lines. Interestingly, several of known protein substrates of DYRK1A were undetectable in these studies, likely due to a transient nature of the kinase-substrate interaction. It is possible that the stronger-binding DYRK1A interacting proteins, many of which are poorly characterized, are involved in regulatory functions by recruiting DYRK1A to the specific subcellular compartments or distinct signaling pathways. Better understanding of these DYRK1A-interacting proteins could help to decode the cellular processes regulated by this important protein kinase during embryonic development and in the adult organism. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biochemical and functional characterization of the DYRK1A protein-protein interaction network and discuss its involvement in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Ananthapadmanabhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn H. Shows
- Department of Biology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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Hogg EKJ, Findlay GM. Functions of SRPK, CLK and DYRK kinases in stem cells, development, and human developmental disorders. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2375-2415. [PMID: 37607329 PMCID: PMC10952393 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human developmental disorders encompass a wide range of debilitating physical conditions and intellectual disabilities. Perturbation of protein kinase signalling underlies the development of some of these disorders. For example, disrupted SRPK signalling is associated with intellectual disabilities, and the gene dosage of DYRKs can dictate the pathology of disorders including Down's syndrome. Here, we review the emerging roles of the CMGC kinase families SRPK, CLK, DYRK, and sub-family HIPK during embryonic development and in developmental disorders. In particular, SRPK, CLK, and DYRK kinase families have key roles in developmental signalling and stem cell regulation, and can co-ordinate neuronal development and function. Genetic studies in model organisms reveal critical phenotypes including embryonic lethality, sterility, musculoskeletal errors, and most notably, altered neurological behaviours arising from defects of the neuroectoderm and altered neuronal signalling. Further unpicking the mechanisms of specific kinases using human stem cell models of neuronal differentiation and function will improve our understanding of human developmental disorders and may provide avenues for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. J. Hogg
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Greg M. Findlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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8
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ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Abadi AH, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. An overview of cdc2-like kinase 1 (Clk1) inhibitors and their therapeutic indications. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:343-398. [PMID: 36262046 DOI: 10.1002/med.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, Clk1 has been identified as a promising target for the treatment of various diseases, in which deregulated alternative splicing plays a role. First small molecules targeting Clk1 are in clinical trials for the treatment of solid cancer, where variants of oncogenic proteins derived from alternative splicing promote tumor progression. Since many infectious pathogens hi-jack the host cell's splicing machinery to ensure efficient replication, further indications in this area are under investigation, such as Influenza A, HIV-1 virus, and Trypanosoma infections, and more will likely be discovered in the future. In addition, Clk1 was found to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease through causing an imbalance of tau splicing products. Interestingly, homozygous Clk1 knockout mice showed a rather mild phenotype, opposed to what might be expected in view of the profound role of Clk1 in alternative splicing. A major drawback of most Clk1 inhibitors is their insufficient selectivity; in particular, Dyrk kinases and haspin were frequently identified as off-targets, besides the other Clk isoforms. Only few inhibitors were shown to be selective over Dyrk1A and haspin, whereas no Clk1 inhibitor so far achieved selectivity over the Clk4 isoform. In this review, we carefully compiled all Clk1 inhibitors from the scientific literature and summarized their structure-activity relationships (SAR). In addition, we critically discuss the available selectivity data and describe the inhibitor's efficacy in cellular models, if reported. Thus, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current state of Clk1 drug discovery and highlight the most promising chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia S El-Gamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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9
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Discovery of novel 5-methoxybenzothiophene hydrazides as metabolically stable Clk1 inhibitors with high potency and unprecedented Clk1 isoenzyme selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115019. [PMID: 36580731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clk1 kinase is a key modulator of the pre-mRNA alternative splicing machinery which has been proposed as a promising target for treatment of various tumour types, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and viral infections such as HIV-1 and influenza. Most reported Clk1 inhibitors showed significant co-inhibition of Clk2 and Clk4 in particular, which limits their usefulness for deciphering the individual roles of the Clk1 isoform in physiology and disease. Herein, we present a new 5-methoxybenzothiophene scaffold, enabling for the first time selective inhibition of Clk1 even among the isoenzymes. The 3,5-difluorophenyl and 3,5-dichlorophenyl derivatives 26a and 27a (Clk1 IC50 = 1.4 and 1.7 nM, respectively) showed unprecedented selectivity factors of 15 and 8 over Clk4, and selectivity factors of 535 and 84 over Clk2. Furthermore, 26a and 27a exhibited good growth inhibitory activity in T24 cancer cells and long metabolic half-lives of almost 1 and 6.4 h, respectively. The overall favorable profile of our new Clk1 inhibitors suggests that they may be used in in vivo disease models or as probes to unravel the physiological or pathogenic roles of the Clk1 isoenzyme.
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10
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Wang E, Pineda JMB, Kim WJ, Chen S, Bourcier J, Stahl M, Hogg SJ, Bewersdorf JP, Han C, Singer ME, Cui D, Erickson CE, Tittley SM, Penson AV, Knorr K, Stanley RF, Rahman J, Krishnamoorthy G, Fagin JA, Creger E, McMillan E, Mak CC, Jarvis M, Bossard C, Beaupre DM, Bradley RK, Abdel-Wahab O. Modulation of RNA splicing enhances response to BCL2 inhibition in leukemia. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:164-180.e8. [PMID: 36563682 PMCID: PMC9839614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. Here, we performed CRISPR-Cas9 screens across a broad range of therapies used in acute myeloid leukemia to identify genomic determinants of drug response. Our screens uncover a selective dependency on RNA splicing factors whose loss preferentially enhances response to the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Loss of the splicing factor RBM10 augments response to venetoclax in leukemia yet is completely dispensable for normal hematopoiesis. Combined RBM10 and BCL2 inhibition leads to mis-splicing and inactivation of the inhibitor of apoptosis XIAP and downregulation of BCL2A1, an anti-apoptotic protein implicated in venetoclax resistance. Inhibition of splicing kinase families CLKs (CDC-like kinases) and DYRKs (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases) leads to aberrant splicing of key splicing and apoptotic factors that synergize with venetoclax, and overcomes resistance to BCL2 inhibition. Our findings underscore the importance of splicing in modulating response to therapies and provide a strategy to improve venetoclax-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - Jose Mario Bello Pineda
- Public Health Sciences and Basic Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Won Jun Kim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessie Bourcier
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maximilian Stahl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Phillipp Bewersdorf
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cuijuan Han
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael E Singer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Cui
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline E Erickson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Tittley
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander V Penson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Knorr
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Stanley
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jahan Rahman
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gnana Krishnamoorthy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert K Bradley
- Public Health Sciences and Basic Sciences Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Kim S, Ko E, Choi HG, Kim D, Luchi M, Khor B, Kim S. FRTX-02, a selective and potent inhibitor of DYRK1A, modulates inflammatory pathways in mouse models of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 6:100185. [PMID: 36654851 PMCID: PMC9841288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) has been proposed as a novel regulator of adaptive immune homeostasis through modulating T cell polarization. Thus, DYRK1A could present a potential target in autoimmune disorders. Here, we identify FRTX-02 as a novel compound exhibiting potent and selective inhibition of DYRK1A. FRTX-02 induced transcriptional activity of the DYRK1A substrate NFAT in T cell lines. Correspondingly, FRTX-02 promoted ex vivo CD4+ polarization into anti-inflammatory Tregs and reduced their polarization into pro-inflammatory Th1 or Th17 cells. We show that FRTX-02 could also limit innate immune responses through negative regulation of the MyD88/IRAK4-NF-κB axis in a mast cell line. Finally, in mouse models of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, both oral and topical formulations of FRTX-02 reduced inflammation and disease biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner. These results support further studies of DYRK1A inhibitors, including FRTX-02, as potential therapies for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soochan Kim
- R&D Center, Voronoi Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eunhwa Ko
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea,R&D Center, B2SBio Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea,R&D Center, B2SBio Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Daekwon Kim
- R&D Center, Voronoi Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Monica Luchi
- Fresh Tracks Therapeutics, Inc., Boulder, CO, 80301, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Bernard Khor
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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12
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Rammohan M, Harris E, Bhansali RS, Zhao E, Li LS, Crispino JD. The chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A: emerging roles in cancer biology and potential as a therapeutic target. Oncogene 2022; 41:2003-2011. [PMID: 35220406 PMCID: PMC8977259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the DYRK family of proteins, a subgroup of the evolutionarily conserved CMGC protein kinase superfamily. Due to its localization on chromosome 21, the biological significance of DYRK1A was initially characterized in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS) and related neurodegenerative diseases. However, increasing evidence has demonstrated a prominent role in cancer through its ability to regulate biologic processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, transcription, ubiquitination, tyrosine kinase activity, and cancer stem cell maintenance. DYRK1A has been identified as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor in different models, underscoring the importance of cellular context in its function. Here, we review mechanistic contributions of DYRK1A to cancer biology and its role as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Rammohan
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Harris
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rahul S Bhansali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Zhao
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Loretta S Li
- Molecular and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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13
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Wu L, Wang D. The "Janus-like" RNA-editing machinery in innate antiviral immunity. CURRENT TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 23:23-32. [PMID: 36398055 PMCID: PMC9668064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Our innate immune systems are evolved to provide the first line of immune defense against microbial infections. A key effector component is the adenosine deaminase acting on the RNA-1 (ADAR-1)/interferon (IFN) pathway of the innate cytoplasmic immunity that mounts rapid responses to many viral pathogens. As an RNA-editing enzyme, ADAR-1 targets viral RNA intermediates in the cytoplasmic compartment to interfere with the infection. However, ADAR-1 may also edit characteristic RNA structures of certain host genes, notably, the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C (5-HT2CR). Dysfunction of 5-HT2CR has been linked to the pathology of several human mental conditions, such as Schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, major depression, and the mental illnesses of substance use disorders (SUD). Thus, the ADAR-1-mediated RNA editing may be either beneficial or harmful; these effects need to be tightly modulated to sustain innate antiviral immunity while restricting undesired off-target self-reactivity. In this communication, we discuss ideas and tools to identify the orphan drug candidates, including small molecules and biologics that may serve as effective modulators of the ADAR-1/IFN innate immunity and are thereby promising for use in treating or preventing SUD- and/or viral infection-associated mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wu
- Tumor Glycomics Laboratory, SRI International Biosciences, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Denong Wang
- Tumor Glycomics Laboratory, SRI International Biosciences, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, USA
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14
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Tahtouh T, Durieu E, Villiers B, Bruyère C, Nguyen TL, Fant X, Ahn KH, Khurana L, Deau E, Lindberg MF, Sévère E, Miege F, Roche D, Limanton E, L'Helgoual'ch JM, Burgy G, Guiheneuf S, Herault Y, Kendall DA, Carreaux F, Bazureau JP, Meijer L. Structure-Activity Relationship in the Leucettine Family of Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 65:1396-1417. [PMID: 34928152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase DYRK1A is involved in Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, diabetes, viral infections, and leukemia. Leucettines, a family of 2-aminoimidazolin-4-ones derived from the marine sponge alkaloid Leucettamine B, have been developed as pharmacological inhibitors of DYRKs (dual specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases) and CLKs (cdc2-like kinases). We report here on the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 68 Leucettines. Leucettines were tested on 11 purified kinases and in 5 cellular assays: (1) CLK1 pre-mRNA splicing, (2) Threonine-212-Tau phosphorylation, (3) glutamate-induced cell death, (4) autophagy and (5) antagonism of ligand-activated cannabinoid receptor CB1. The Leucettine SAR observed for DYRK1A is essentially identical for CLK1, CLK4, DYRK1B, and DYRK2. DYRK3 and CLK3 are less sensitive to Leucettines. In contrast, the cellular SAR highlights correlations between inhibition of specific kinase targets and some but not all cellular effects. Leucettines deserve further development as potential therapeutics against various diseases on the basis of their molecular targets and cellular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Tahtouh
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.,CNRS, 'Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease' Group, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Place G. Teissier, Bp 74, 29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.,College Of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emilie Durieu
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.,CNRS, 'Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease' Group, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Place G. Teissier, Bp 74, 29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Benoît Villiers
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Céline Bruyère
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Thu Lan Nguyen
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.,Institut De Génétique Et De Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 & INSERM U964, 67400 Illkirch, France.,Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021-6399, United States
| | - Xavier Fant
- CNRS, 'Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease' Group, Station Biologique De Roscoff, Place G. Teissier, Bp 74, 29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Kwang H Ahn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Leepakshi Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Emmanuel Deau
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Mattias F Lindberg
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Elodie Sévère
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Frédéric Miege
- Edelris, Bâtiment Bioserra 1, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Roche
- Edelris, Bâtiment Bioserra 1, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Limanton
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, CS 74205, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Martial L'Helgoual'ch
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, CS 74205, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Burgy
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.,Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, CS 74205, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Solène Guiheneuf
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, CS 74205, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Institut De Génétique Et De Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7104 & INSERM U964, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Debra A Kendall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - François Carreaux
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, CS 74205, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bazureau
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Bât. 10A, CS 74205, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Manros Therapeutics & Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
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15
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Atas-Ozcan H, Brault V, Duchon A, Herault Y. Dyrk1a from Gene Function in Development and Physiology to Dosage Correction across Life Span in Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1833. [PMID: 34828439 PMCID: PMC8624927 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the main cause of intellectual disabilities with a large set of comorbidities from developmental origins but also that appeared across life span. Investigation of the genetic overdosage found in Down syndrome, due to the trisomy of human chromosome 21, has pointed to one main driver gene, the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1a). Dyrk1a is a murine homolog of the drosophila minibrain gene. It has been found to be involved in many biological processes during development and in adulthood. Further analysis showed its haploinsufficiency in mental retardation disease 7 and its involvement in Alzheimer's disease. DYRK1A plays a role in major developmental steps of brain development, controlling the proliferation of neural progenitors, the migration of neurons, their dendritogenesis and the function of the synapse. Several strategies targeting the overdosage of DYRK1A in DS with specific kinase inhibitors have showed promising evidence that DS cognitive conditions can be alleviated. Nevertheless, providing conditions for proper temporal treatment and to tackle the neurodevelopmental and the neurodegenerative aspects of DS across life span is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Atas-Ozcan
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Véronique Brault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Arnaud Duchon
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Yann Herault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France; (H.A.-O.); (V.B.); (A.D.)
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Celphedia, Phenomin-Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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16
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Aboushady Y, Gabr M, ElHady AK, Salah M, Abadi AH, Wilms G, Becker W, Abdel-Halim M, Engel M. Discovery of Hydroxybenzothiazole Urea Compounds as Multitargeted Agents Suppressing Major Cytotoxic Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4302-4318. [PMID: 34726394 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors are causally responsible and/or contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The protein kinase Dyrk1A was identified as a promising target as it phosphorylates tau protein, α-synuclein, and parkin. The first goal of our study was to optimize our previously identified Dyrk1A inhibitors of the 6-hydroxy benzothiazole urea chemotype in terms of potency and selectivity. Our efforts led to the development of the 3-fluorobenzyl amide derivative 16b, which displayed the highest potency against Dyrk1A (IC50 = 9.4 nM). In general, the diversification of the benzylamide moiety led to an enhanced selectivity over the most homologous isoform, Dyrk1B, which was a meaningful indicator, as the high selectivity could be confirmed in an extended selectivity profiling of 3b and 16b. Eventually, we identified the novel phenethyl amide derivative 24b as a triple inhibitor of Dyrk1A kinase activity (IC50 = 119 nM) and the aggregation of tau and α-syn oligomers. We provide evidence that the novel combination of selective Dyrk1A inhibition and suppression of tau and α-syn aggregations of our new lead compound confers efficacy in several established cellular models of neurotoxic mechanisms relevant to neurodegenerative diseases, including α-syn- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Aboushady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ahmed K. ElHady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11311, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Gerrit Wilms
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3 Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany
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17
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Wang P, Zhao J, Sun X. DYRK1A phosphorylates MEF2D and decreases its transcriptional activity. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6082-6093. [PMID: 34109727 PMCID: PMC8256340 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D) is predominantly expressed in the nucleus and associated with cell growth, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Previous studies verified that phosphorylation at different amino acids determined MEF2's transcriptional activity which was essential in regulating downstream target genes expression. What regulates phosphorylation of MEF2D and affects its function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we uncovered that dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a kinase critical in Down's syndrome pathogenesis, directly bound to and phosphorylated MEF2D at Ser251 in vitro. Phosphorylation of MEF2D by DYRK1A significantly increased MEF2D protein level but attenuated its transcriptional activity, which resulted in decreased transcriptions of MEF2D target genes. Phosphorylation mutated Ser251A MEF2D exhibited enhanced transcriptional activity compared with wild type MEF2D. MEF2D and DYRK1A were observed co-localized in HEK293 and U87MG cells. Moreover, DYRK1A-mediated MEF2D phosphorylation in vitro might influence its nuclear export upon subcellular fractionation, which partially explained the reduction of MEF2D transcriptional activity by DYRK1A. Our results indicated that DYRK1A might be a regulator of MEF2D transcriptional activity and indirectly get involved in regulation of MEF2D target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Brain Research Institute, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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18
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Pastor F, Shkreta L, Chabot B, Durantel D, Salvetti A. Interplay Between CMGC Kinases Targeting SR Proteins and Viral Replication: Splicing and Beyond. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658721. [PMID: 33854493 PMCID: PMC8040976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation constitutes a major post-translational modification that critically regulates the half-life, intra-cellular distribution, and activity of proteins. Among the large number of kinases that compose the human kinome tree, those targeting RNA-binding proteins, in particular serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, play a major role in the regulation of gene expression by controlling constitutive and alternative splicing. In humans, these kinases belong to the CMGC [Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs), and Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs)] group and several studies indicate that they also control viral replication via direct or indirect mechanisms. The aim of this review is to describe known and emerging activities of CMGC kinases that share the common property to phosphorylate SR proteins, as well as their interplay with different families of viruses, in order to advance toward a comprehensive knowledge of their pro- or anti-viral phenotype and better assess possible translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Pastor
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Lulzim Shkreta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Durantel
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- International Center for Infectiology Research (CIRI), INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon (UCBL1), Lyon, France
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19
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Petasny M, Bentata M, Pawellek A, Baker M, Kay G, Salton M. Splicing to Keep Cycling: The Importance of Pre-mRNA Splicing during the Cell Cycle. Trends Genet 2020; 37:266-278. [PMID: 32950269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental process in mammalian gene expression, and alternative splicing plays an extensive role in generating protein diversity. Because the majority of genes undergo pre-mRNA splicing, most cellular processes depend on proper spliceosome function. We focus on the cell cycle and describe its dependence on pre-mRNA splicing and accurate alternative splicing. We outline the key cell-cycle factors and their known alternative splicing isoforms. We discuss different levels of pre-mRNA splicing regulation such as post-translational modifications and changes in the expression of splicing factors. We describe the effect of chromatin dynamics on pre-mRNA splicing during the cell cycle. In addition, we focus on spliceosome component SF3B1, which is mutated in many types of cancer, and describe the link between SF3B1 and its inhibitors and the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Petasny
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Mercedes Bentata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Andrea Pawellek
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mai Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gillian Kay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Maayan Salton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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20
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Willsey HR, Xu Y, Everitt A, Dea J, Exner CRT, Willsey AJ, State MW, Harland RM. The neurodevelopmental disorder risk gene DYRK1A is required for ciliogenesis and control of brain size in Xenopus embryos. Development 2020; 147:dev189290. [PMID: 32467234 PMCID: PMC10755402 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
DYRK1A [dual specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A] is a high-confidence autism risk gene that encodes a conserved kinase. In addition to autism, individuals with putative loss-of-function variants in DYRK1A exhibit microcephaly, intellectual disability, developmental delay and/or congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. DYRK1A is also located within the critical region for Down syndrome; therefore, understanding the role of DYRK1A in brain development is crucial for understanding the pathobiology of multiple developmental disorders. To characterize the function of this gene, we used the diploid frog Xenopus tropicalis We discover that Dyrk1a is expressed in ciliated tissues, localizes to ciliary axonemes and basal bodies, and is required for ciliogenesis. We also demonstrate that Dyrk1a localizes to mitotic spindles and that its inhibition leads to decreased forebrain size, abnormal cell cycle progression and cell death during brain development. These findings provide hypotheses about potential mechanisms of pathobiology and underscore the utility of X. tropicalis as a model system for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Rankin Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yuxiao Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amanda Everitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeanselle Dea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cameron R T Exner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A Jeremy Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew W State
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Richard M Harland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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21
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Lee KS, Choi M, Kwon DW, Kim D, Choi JM, Kim AK, Ham Y, Han SB, Cho S, Cheon CK. A novel de novo heterozygous DYRK1A mutation causes complete loss of DYRK1A function and developmental delay. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9849. [PMID: 32555303 PMCID: PMC7299959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 A (DYRK1A) is essential for human development, and DYRK1A haploinsufficiency is associated with a recognizable developmental syndrome and variable clinical features. Here, we present a patient with DYRK1A haploinsufficiency syndrome, including facial dysmorphism, delayed motor development, cardiovascular system defects, and brain atrophy. Exome sequencing identified a novel de novo heterozygous mutation of the human DYRK1A gene (c.1185dup), which generated a translational termination codon and resulted in a C-terminally truncated protein (DYRK1A-E396ter). To study the molecular effect of this truncation, we generated mammalian cell and Drosophila models that recapitulated the DYRK1A protein truncation. Analysis of the structure and deformation energy of the mutant protein predicted a reduction in protein stability. Experimentally, the mutant protein was efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome pathway and was barely detectable in mammalian cells. More importantly, the mutant kinase was intrinsically inactive and had little negative impact on the wild-type protein. Similarly, the mutant protein had a minimal effect on Drosophila phenotypes, confirming its loss-of-function in vivo. Together, our results suggest that the novel heterozygous mutation of DYRK1A resulted in loss-of-function of the kinase activity of DYRK1A and may contribute to the developmental delay observed in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Sun Lee
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Choi
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 30-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woo Kwon
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoun Kim
- Innovative Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Moon Choi
- Green Cross Genome, Green Cross Laboratories, 107 Ihyeon-ro 30 beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi, 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Kyeong Kim
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwook Ham
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 30-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 30-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchan Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Shi Y, Bray W, Smith AJ, Zhou W, Calaoagan J, Lagisetti C, Sambucetti L, Crews P, Lokey RS, Webb TR. An exon skipping screen identifies antitumor drugs that are potent modulators of pre-mRNA splicing, suggesting new therapeutic applications. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233672. [PMID: 32469945 PMCID: PMC7259758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agents that modulate pre-mRNA splicing are of interest in multiple therapeutic areas, including cancer. We report our recent screening results with the application of a cell-based Triple Exon Skipping Luciferase Reporter (TESLR) using a library that is composed of FDA approved drugs, clinical compounds, and mechanistically characterized tool compounds. Confirmatory assays showed that three clinical antitumor therapeutic candidates (milciclib, PF-3758309 and PF-562271) are potent splicing modulators and that these drugs are, in fact, nanomolar inhibitors of multiple kinases involved in the regulation the spliceosome. We also report the identification of new SF3B1 antagonists (sudemycinol C and E) and show that these antagonists can be used to develop a displacement assay for SF3B1 small molecule ligands. These results further support the broad potential for the development of agents that target the spliceosome for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, as well as new avenues for the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Shi
- Bioscience Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - Walter Bray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhou
- Bioscience Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - Joy Calaoagan
- Bioscience Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - Chandraiah Lagisetti
- Bioscience Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - Lidia Sambucetti
- Bioscience Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - R. Scott Lokey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Webb
- Bioscience Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Sun C. The SF3b complex: splicing and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3583-3595. [PMID: 32140746 PMCID: PMC7452928 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The SF3b complex is an intrinsic component of the functional U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). As U2 snRNP enters nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, SF3b plays key roles in recognizing the branch point sequence (BPS) and facilitating spliceosome assembly and activation. Since the discovery of SF3b, substantial progress has been made in elucidating its molecular mechanism during splicing. In addition, numerous recent studies indicate that SF3b and its components are engaged in various molecular and cellular events that are beyond the canonical role in splicing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the SF3b complex and highlights its multiple roles in splicing and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Sun
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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24
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Taylor J, Lee SC. Mutations in spliceosome genes and therapeutic opportunities in myeloid malignancies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:889-902. [PMID: 31334570 PMCID: PMC6852509 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of RNA splicing more than 40 years ago, our comprehension of the molecular events orchestrating constitutive and alternative splicing has greatly improved. Dysregulation of pre-mRNA splicing has been observed in many human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The recent identification of frequent somatic mutations in core components of the spliceosome in myeloid malignancies and functional analysis using model systems has advanced our knowledge of how splicing alterations contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize our current understanding on the mechanisms of how mutant splicing factors impact splicing and the resulting functional and pathophysiological consequences. We also review recent advances to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting splicing catalysis and splicing regulatory proteins, and discuss emerging technologies using oligonucleotide-based therapies to modulate pathogenically spliced isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Taylor
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
- Leukemia Service, Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Stanley C. Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York
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25
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Arbones ML, Thomazeau A, Nakano-Kobayashi A, Hagiwara M, Delabar JM. DYRK1A and cognition: A lifelong relationship. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:199-221. [PMID: 30268771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dosage of the serine threonine kinase DYRK1A is critical in the central nervous system (CNS) during development and aging. This review analyzes the functions of this kinase by considering its interacting partners and pathways. The role of DYRK1A in controlling the differentiation of prenatal newly formed neurons is presented separately from its role at the pre- and post-synaptic levels in the adult CNS; its effects on synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Because this kinase is positioned at the crossroads of many important processes, genetic dosage errors in this protein produce devastating effects arising from DYRK1A deficiency, such as in MRD7, an autism spectrum disorder, or from DYRK1A excess, such as in Down syndrome. Effects of these errors have been shown in various animal models including Drosophila, zebrafish, and mice. Dysregulation of DYRK1A levels also occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Finally, this review describes inhibitors that have been assessed in vivo. Accurate targeting of DYRK1A levels in the brain, with either inhibitors or activators, is a future research challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Arbones
- Department of Developmental Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aurore Thomazeau
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jean M Delabar
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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26
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Splicing Factor 3B Subunit 1 Interacts with HIV Tat and Plays a Role in Viral Transcription and Reactivation from Latency. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.01423-18. [PMID: 30401776 PMCID: PMC6222122 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01423-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The reason why HIV cannot be cured by current therapy is because of viral persistence in resting T cells. One approach to permanent HIV remission that has received less attention is the so-called “block and lock” approach. The idea behind this approach is that the virus could be permanently disabled in patients if viral genome or surrounding chromatin could be altered to silence the virus, thus enabling patients to stop therapy. In this work, we have identified splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) as a potential target for this approach. SF3B1 interacts with the viral protein Tat, which is critical for viral transcription. Inhibition of SF3B1 prevents HIV transcription and reactivation from latency. Since there are preclinical inhibitors for this protein, our findings could pave the way to silence HIV transcription, potentially leading to prolonged or permanent remission. The main obstacle to an HIV cure is the transcriptionally inert proviruses that persist in resting CD4 T cells and other reservoirs. None of the current approaches has significantly reduced the size of the viral reservoir. Hence, alternative approaches, such as permanent blocking of viral transcription, to achieve a sustained remission, need urgent attention. To identify cellular factors that may be important for this approach, we sought for host targets that when altered could block HIV transcription and reactivation. Here, we identified splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) as a critical HIV dependency factor required for viral replication. SF3B1 is a splicing factor involved in directing chromatin and nascent gene transcripts to appropriate splice sites. Inhibitors of SF3B1 are currently in development for cancer and have been found to be nontoxic to normal cells compared to malignant cells. Knockdown of SF3B1 abrogated HIV replication in all cell types tested. SF3B1 interacted with viral protein Tat in vitro and in vivo. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of SF3B1 prevented Tat-mediated HIV transcription and RNA polymerase II association with the HIV promoter. In addition, an inhibitor of SF3B1 prevented HIV reactivation from latency irrespective of the latency-reversing agent used. The data show that SF3B1 is involved in viral transcription and reactivation from latency and may serve as a therapeutic target in the HIV cure efforts.
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27
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Darwish SS, Abdel-Halim M, ElHady AK, Salah M, Abadi AH, Becker W, Engel M. Development of novel amide-derivatized 2,4-bispyridyl thiophenes as highly potent and selective Dyrk1A inhibitors. Part II: Identification of the cyclopropylamide moiety as a key modification. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:270-285. [PMID: 30223116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) is a potential target in Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of the established correlation between its over-expression and generation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) as well as the accumulation of amyloid plaques. However, the use of Dyrk1A inhibitors requires a high degree of selectivity over closely related kinases. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the Dyrk1A inhibitors need to be controlled to enable CNS permeability. In the present study, we optimized our previously published 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene class of Dyrk1A inhibitors by the synthesis of a small library of amide derivatives, carrying alkyl, cycloalkyl, as well as acidic and basic residues. Among this library, the cyclopropylamido modification (compound 4b) was identified as being highly beneficial for several crucial properties. 4b displayed high potency and selectivity against Dyrk1A over closely related kinases in cell-free assays (IC50: Dyrk1A = 3.2 nM; Dyrk1B = 72.9 nM and Clk1 = 270 nM) and inhibited the Dyrk1A activity in HeLa cells with high efficacy (IC50: 43 nM), while no significant cytotoxicity was observed. In addition, the cyclopropylamido group conferred high metabolic stability and maintained the calculated physicochemical properties in a range compatible with a potential CNS activity. Thus, based on its favourable properties, 4b can be considered as a candidate for further in vivo testing in animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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28
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Darwish SS, Abdel-Halim M, Salah M, Abadi AH, Becker W, Engel M. Development of novel 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene-based compounds as highly potent and selective Dyrk1A inhibitors. Part I: Benzamide and benzylamide derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1031-1050. [PMID: 30193214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase Dyrk1A modulates several processes relevant to the development or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), e. g. through phosphorylation of tau protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP) as well as proteins involved in the regulation of alternative splicing of tau pre-mRNA. Therefore, Dyrk1A has been proposed as a potential target for the treatment of AD. However, the co-inhibition of other closely related kinases of the same family of protein kinases (e.g. Dyrk1B and Dyrk2) or kinases from other families such as Clk1 limits the use of Dyrk1A inhibitors, as this may cause unpredictable side effects especially over long treatment periods. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of amide functionalized 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene compounds, of which the 4-fluorobenzyl amide derivative (31b) displayed the highest potency against Dyrk1A and remarkable selectivity over closely related kinases (IC50: Dyrk1A = 14.3 nM; Dyrk1B = 383 nM, Clk1 > 2 μM). This degree of selectivity over the frequently hit off-targets has rarely been achieved to date. Additionally, 31b inhibited Dyrk1A in intact cells with high efficacy (IC50 = 79 nM). Furthermore, 31b displayed a high metabolic stability in vitro with a half-life of 2 h. Altogether, the benzamide and benzylamide extension at the 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene core improved several key properties, giving access to compound suitable for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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29
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Murthy T, Bluemn T, Gupta AK, Reimer M, Rao S, Pillai MM, Minella AC. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CDK2 have opposing roles in regulating interactions of splicing factor 3B1 with chromatin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10220-10234. [PMID: 29764937 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1) is a core splicing protein that stabilizes the interaction between the U2 snRNA and the branch point in the mRNA target during splicing. SF3B1 is heavily phosphorylated at its N terminus and a substrate of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Although SF3B1 phosphorylation coincides with splicing catalysis, the functional significance of SF3B1 phosphorylation is largely undefined. Here, we show that SF3B1 phosphorylation follows a dynamic pattern during cell cycle progression that depends on CDK activity. SF3B1 is known to interact with chromatin, and we found that SF3B1 maximally interacts with nucleosomes during G1/S and that this interaction requires CDK2 activity. In contrast, SF3B1 disassociates from nucleosomes at G2/M, coinciding with a peak in CDK1-mediated SF3B1 phosphorylation. Thus, CDK1 and CDK2 appear to have opposing roles in regulating SF3B1-nucleosome interactions. Importantly, these interactions were modified by the presence and phosphorylation status of linker histone H1, particularly the H1.4 isoform. Performing genome-wide analysis of SF3B1-chromatin binding in synchronized cells, we observed that SF3B1 preferentially bound exons. Differences in SF3B1 chromatin binding to specific sites, however, did not correlate with changes in RNA splicing, suggesting that the SF3B1-nucleosome interaction does not determine cell cycle-dependent changes to mRNA splicing. Our results define a cell cycle stage-specific interaction between SF3B1 and nucleosomes that is mediated by histone H1 and depends on SF3B1 phosphorylation. Importantly, this interaction does not seem to be related to SF3B1's splicing function and, rather, points toward its potential role as a chromatin modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Murthy
- From the Driskill Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Theresa Bluemn
- the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.,the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and
| | - Abhishek K Gupta
- the Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Michael Reimer
- the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.,the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and
| | - Sridhar Rao
- the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.,the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and
| | - Manoj M Pillai
- the Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Alex C Minella
- the Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, and
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30
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Widowati EW, Ernst S, Hausmann R, Müller-Newen G, Becker W. Functional characterization of DYRK1A missense variants associated with a syndromic form of intellectual deficiency and autism. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/4/bio032862. [PMID: 29700199 PMCID: PMC5936063 DOI: 10.1242/bio.032862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of DYRK1A is a cause of a neurodevelopmental syndrome termed mental retardation autosomal dominant 7 (MRD7). Several truncation mutations, microdeletions and missense variants have been identified and result in a recognizable phenotypic profile, including microcephaly, intellectual disability, epileptic seizures, autism spectrum disorder and language delay. DYRK1A is an evolutionary conserved protein kinase which achieves full catalytic activity through tyrosine autophosphorylation. We used a heterologous mammalian expression system to explore the functional characteristics of pathogenic missense variants that affect the catalytic domain of DYRK1A. Four of the substitutions eliminated tyrosine autophosphorylation (L245R, F308V, S311F, S346P), indicating that these variants lacked kinase activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation of DYRK1A-L295F in mammalian cells was comparable to wild type, although the mutant showed lower catalytic activity and reduced thermodynamic stability in cellular thermal shift assays. In addition, we observed that one variant (DYRK1A-T588N) with a mutation outside the catalytic domain did not differ from wild-type DYRK1A in tyrosine autophosphorylation, catalytic activity or subcellular localization. These results suggest that the pathogenic missense variants in the catalytic domain of DYRK1A impair enzymatic function by affecting catalytic residues or by compromising the structural integrity of the kinase domain. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: We have analyzed the functional consequences of amino acid substitutions in the protein kinase DYRK1A that have been identified as pathogenic in patients with microcephaly, intellectual disability and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Wahyu Widowati
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sabrina Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Hausmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Meine R, Becker W, Falke H, Preu L, Loaëc N, Meijer L, Kunick C. Indole-3-Carbonitriles as DYRK1A Inhibitors by Fragment-Based Drug Design. Molecules 2018; 23:E64. [PMID: 29364148 PMCID: PMC6017736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a potential drug target because of its role in the development of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. The selective DYRK1A inhibitor 10-iodo-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid (KuFal194), a large, flat and lipophilic molecule, suffers from poor water solubility, limiting its use as chemical probe in cellular assays and animal models. Based on the structure of KuFal194, 7-chloro-1H-indole-3-carbonitrile was selected as fragment template for the development of smaller and less lipophilic DYRK1A inhibitors. By modification of this fragment, a series of indole-3-carbonitriles was designed and evaluated as potential DYRK1A ligands by molecular docking studies. Synthesis and in vitro assays on DYRK1A and related protein kinases identified novel double-digit nanomolar inhibitors with submicromolar activity in cell culture assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Meine
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Hannes Falke
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Lutz Preu
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, France.
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, France.
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35A, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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32
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Ma S, Menon R, Poulos RC, Wong JWH. Proteogenomic analysis prioritises functional single nucleotide variants in cancer samples. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95841-95852. [PMID: 29221171 PMCID: PMC5707065 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel DNA sequencing enables the detection of thousands of germline and somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cancer samples. The functional analysis of these mutations is often carried out through in silico predictions, with further downstream experimental validation rarely performed. Here, we examine the potential of using mass spectrometry-based proteomics data to further annotate the function of SNVs in cancer samples. RNA-seq and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from Jurkat cells were used to construct a custom database of single amino acid variant (SAAV) containing peptides and identified over 1,000 such peptides in two Jurkat proteomics datasets. The analysis enabled the detection of a truncated form of splicing regulator YTHDC1 at the protein level. To extend the functional annotation further, a Jurkat phosphoproteomics dataset was analysed, identifying 463 SAAV containing phosphopeptides. Of these phosphopeptides, 24 SAAVs were found to directly impact the phosphorylation event through the creation of either a phosphorylation site or a kinase recognition motif. We identified a novel phosphorylation site created by a SAAV in splicing factor SF3B1, a protein that is frequently mutated in leukaemia. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use phosphoproteomics data to directly identify novel phosphorylation events arising from the creation of phosphorylation sites by SAAVs. Our study reveals multiple functional mutations impacting the splicing pathway in Jurkat cells and demonstrates potential benefits of an integrative proteogenomics analysis for high-throughput functional annotation of SNVs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Ma
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ranjeeta Menon
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Present address: Centre for Research Excellence in Tuberculosis and the Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney and Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca C Poulos
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason W H Wong
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Yin X, Jin N, Shi J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Liu F. Dyrk1A overexpression leads to increase of 3R-tau expression and cognitive deficits in Ts65Dn Down syndrome mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:619. [PMID: 28377597 PMCID: PMC5428843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of tau exon 10 generates tau isoforms with three or four microtubule-binding repeats, 3R-tau and 4R-tau, which is equally expressed in adult human brain. Imbalanced expression in 3R-tau and 4R-tau has been found in several sporadic and inherited tauopathies, suggesting that dysregulation of tau exon 10 is sufficient to cause neurodegenerative diseases. We previously reported that Dyrk1A, which is overexpressed in Down syndrome brains, regulates alternative splicing of exogenous tau exon 10. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of endogenous tau exon 10 splicing by Dyrk1A. We found that inhibition of Dyrk1A enhanced tau exon 10 inclusion, leading to an increase in 4R-tau/3R-tau ratio in differentiated-human neuronal progenitors and in the neonatal rat brains. Accompanied with overexpression of Dyrk1A, 3R-tau was increased and 4R-tau was decreased in the neonatal brains of Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome. Treatment with Dyrk1A inhibitor, green tea flavonol epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), from gestation to adulthood suppressed 3R-tau expression and rescued anxiety and memory deficits in Ts65Dn mouse brains. Thus, Dyrk1A might be an ideal therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease, especially for Down syndrome and EGCG which inhibits Dyrk1A may have potential effect on the treatment or prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yin
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, P. R. China
| | - Nana Jin
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yanchong Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, 10314, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, P. R. China.
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Kumar D, Kashyap MK, La Clair JJ, Villa R, Spaanderman I, Chien S, Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ, Burkart MD, Castro JE. Selectivity in Small Molecule Splicing Modulation. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2716-2723. [PMID: 27499047 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of RNA splicing is a molecular hallmark of disease, including different and often complex cancers. While gaining recognition as a target for therapeutic discovery, understanding the complex mechanisms guiding RNA splicing remains a challenge for chemical biology. The discovery of small molecule splicing modulators has recently enabled an evaluation of the mechanisms of aberrant splicing. We now report on three unique features within the selectivity of splicing modulators. First, we provide evidence that structural modifications within a splicing modulator can alter the splicing of introns in specific genes differently. These studies indicate that structure activity relationships not only have an effect on splicing activity but also include specificity for specific introns within different genes. Second, we find that these splicing modulators also target the mRNAs encoding components of the spliceosome itself. Remarkably, this effect includes the genes for the SF3B complex, a target of pladienolide B and related splicing modulators. Finally, we report on the first observation of a temporal phenomenon associated with small molecule splicing modulation. Combined, these three observations provide an important new perspective for the exploration of splicing modulation in terms of both future medicinal chemistry programs as well as understanding the key facets underlying its timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Manoj K Kashyap
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Reymundo Villa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Ide Spaanderman
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Stephen Chien
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Laura Z Rassenti
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- CLL Research Consortium, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Thomas J Kipps
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- CLL Research Consortium, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Januario E Castro
- The Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- CLL Research Consortium, and Department of Medicine, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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35
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Shapiro BA, Vu NT, Shultz MD, Shultz JC, Mietla JA, Gouda MM, Yacoub A, Dent P, Fisher PB, Park MA, Chalfant CE. Melanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 7/IL-24 Exerts Cytotoxic Effects by Altering the Alternative Splicing of Bcl-x Pre-mRNA via the SRC/PKCδ Signaling Axis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21669-21681. [PMID: 27519412 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7 (MDA-7/IL-24) exhibits cytotoxic effects on tumor cells while sparing untransformed cells, and Bcl-x(L) is reported to efficiently block the induction of cell death by MDA-7/IL-24. The expression of Bcl-x(L) is regulated at the level of RNA splicing via alternative 5' splice site selection within exon 2 to produce either the pro-apoptotic Bcl-x(s) or the anti-apoptotic Bcl-x(L). Our laboratory previously reported that Bcl-x RNA splicing is dysregulated in a large percentage of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Therefore, we investigated whether the alternative RNA splicing of Bcl-x pre-mRNA was modulated by MDA-7/IL-24, which would suggest that specific NSCLC tumors are valid targets for this cytokine therapy. Adenovirus-delivered MDA-7/IL-24 (Ad.mda-7) reduced the viability of NSCLC cells of varying oncogenotypes, which was preceded by a decrease in the ratio of Bcl-x(L)/Bcl-x(s) mRNA and Bcl-x(L) protein expression. Importantly, both the expression of Bcl-x(L) and the loss of cell viability were "rescued" in Ad.mda-7-treated cells incubated with Bcl-x(s) siRNA. In addition, NSCLC cells ectopically expressing Bcl-x(s) exhibited significantly reduced Bcl-x(L) expression, which was again restored by Bcl-x(s) siRNA, suggesting the existence of a novel mechanism by which Bcl-x(s) mRNA restrains the expression of Bcl-x(L). In additional mechanistic studies, inhibition of SRC and PKCδ completely ablated the ability of MDA-7/IL-24 to reduce the Bcl-x(L)/(s) mRNA ratio and cell viability. These findings show that Bcl-x(s) expression is an important mediator of MDA-7/IL-24-induced cytotoxicity requiring the SRC/PKCδ signaling axis in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Shapiro
- From the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614
| | - Ngoc T Vu
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614
| | - Michael D Shultz
- From the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249
| | - Jacqueline C Shultz
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614
| | - Jennifer A Mietla
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614
| | - Mazen M Gouda
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614
| | - Adly Yacoub
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614
| | - Paul Dent
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614.,the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298.,the Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and
| | - Paul B Fisher
- the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, .,the Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and.,the Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Margaret A Park
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614, .,the Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and
| | - Charles E Chalfant
- From the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23249, .,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University-School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0614.,the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298.,the Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298, and.,the Virginia Commonwealth University Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research, Richmond, Virginia 23298
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36
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Duchon A, Herault Y. DYRK1A, a Dosage-Sensitive Gene Involved in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Is a Target for Drug Development in Down Syndrome. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:104. [PMID: 27375444 PMCID: PMC4891327 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability, and patients with DS face various health issues, including learning and memory deficits, congenital heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), leukemia, and cancer, leading to huge medical and social costs. Remarkable advances on DS research have been made in improving cognitive function in mouse models for future therapeutic approaches in patients. Among the different approaches, DYRK1A inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutics to reduce DS cognitive deficits. DYRK1A is a dual-specificity kinase that is overexpressed in DS and plays a key role in neurogenesis, outgrowth of axons and dendrites, neuronal trafficking and aging. Its pivotal role in the DS phenotype makes it a prime target for the development of therapeutics. Recently, disruption of DYRK1A has been found in Autosomal Dominant Mental Retardation 7 (MRD7), resulting in severe mental deficiency. Recent advances in the development of kinase inhibitors are expected, in the near future, to remove DS from the list of incurable diseases, providing certain conditions such as drug dosage and correct timing for the optimum long-term treatment. In addition the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms that are targeted by the inhibition of DYRK1A are still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Duchon
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Yann Herault
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirch, France; UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueIllkirch, France; U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleIllkirch, France; Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France; PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Groupement d'Intérêt Économique-Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, CNRS, INSERMIllkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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37
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Rüben K, Wurzlbauer A, Walte A, Sippl W, Bracher F, Becker W. Selectivity Profiling and Biological Activity of Novel β-Carbolines as Potent and Selective DYRK1 Kinase Inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132453. [PMID: 26192590 PMCID: PMC4508061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DYRK1A is a pleiotropic protein kinase with diverse functions in cellular regulation, including cell cycle control, neuronal differentiation, and synaptic transmission. Enhanced activity and overexpression of DYRK1A have been linked to altered brain development and function in Down syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The β-carboline alkaloid harmine is a high affinity inhibitor of DYRK1A but suffers from the drawback of inhibiting monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) with even higher potency. Here we characterized a series of novel harmine analogs with minimal or absent MAO-A inhibitory activity. We identified several inhibitors with submicromolar potencies for DYRK1A and selectivity for DYRK1A and DYRK1B over the related kinases DYRK2 and HIPK2. An optimized inhibitor, AnnH75, inhibited CLK1, CLK4, and haspin/GSG2 as the only off-targets in a panel of 300 protein kinases. In cellular assays, AnnH75 dose-dependently reduced the phosphorylation of three known DYRK1A substrates (SF3B1, SEPT4, and tau) without negative effects on cell viability. AnnH75 inhibited the cotranslational tyrosine autophosphorylation of DYRK1A and threonine phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate protein with similar potency. In conclusion, we have characterized an optimized β-carboline inhibitor as a highly selective chemical probe that complies with desirable properties of drug-like molecules and is suitable to interrogate the function of DYRK1A in biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rüben
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Wurzlbauer
- Department of Pharmacy—Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Walte
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy—Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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38
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Abbassi R, Johns TG, Kassiou M, Munoz L. DYRK1A in neurodegeneration and cancer: Molecular basis and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:87-98. [PMID: 25795597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the most studied drug targets in current pharmacological research, as evidenced by the vast number of kinase-targeting agents enrolled in active clinical trials. Dual-specificity Tyrosine phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has been much less studied compared to many other kinases. DYRK1A primary function occurs during early development, where this protein regulates cellular processes related to proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Although most extensively characterised for its role in brain development, DYRK1A is over-expressed in a variety of diseases including a number of human malignancies, such as haematological and brain cancers. Here we review the accumulating molecular studies that support our understanding of how DYRK1A signalling could underlie these pathological functions. The relevance of DYRK1A in a number of diseases is also substantiated with intensive drug discovery efforts to develop potent and selective inhibitors of DYRK1A. Several classes of DYRK1A inhibitors have recently been disclosed and some molecules are promising leads to develop DYRK1A inhibitors as drugs for DYRK1A-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Abbassi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Terrance G Johns
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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39
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Thompson BJ, Bhansali R, Diebold L, Cook DE, Stolzenburg L, Casagrande AS, Besson T, Leblond B, Désiré L, Malinge S, Crispino JD. DYRK1A controls the transition from proliferation to quiescence during lymphoid development by destabilizing Cyclin D3. J Exp Med 2015; 212:953-70. [PMID: 26008897 PMCID: PMC4451127 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B and pre-T lymphocytes must orchestrate a transition from a highly proliferative state to a quiescent one during development. Cyclin D3 is essential for these cells' proliferation, but little is known about its posttranslational regulation at this stage. Here, we show that the dual specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) restrains Cyclin D3 protein levels by phosphorylating T283 to induce its degradation. Loss of DYRK1A activity, via genetic inactivation or pharmacologic inhibition in mice, caused accumulation of Cyclin D3 protein, incomplete repression of E2F-mediated gene transcription, and failure to properly couple cell cycle exit with differentiation. Expression of a nonphosphorylatable Cyclin D3 T283A mutant recapitulated these defects, whereas inhibition of Cyclin D:CDK4/6 mitigated the effects of DYRK1A inhibition or loss. These data uncover a previously unknown role for DYRK1A in lymphopoiesis, and demonstrate how Cyclin D3 protein stability is negatively regulated during exit from the proliferative phases of B and T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Bhansali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208
| | - Lauren Diebold
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208
| | - Daniel E Cook
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208
| | | | | | - Thierry Besson
- Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038; Université Rouen; INSA Rouen; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bâtiment IRCOF, 76821 Mont St. Aignan, France
| | | | | | | | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208
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40
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Ohe K, Hagiwara M. Modulation of alternative splicing with chemical compounds in new therapeutics for human diseases. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:914-24. [PMID: 25560473 DOI: 10.1021/cb500697f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a critical step where a limited number of human genes generate a complex and diverse proteome. Various diseases, including inherited diseases with abnormalities in the "genome code," have been found to result in an aberrant mis-spliced "transcript code" with correlation to the resulting phenotype. Chemical compound-based and nucleic acid-based strategies are trying to target this mis-spliced "transcript code". We will briefly mention about how to obtain splicing-modifying-compounds by high-throughput screening and overview of what is known about compounds that modify splicing pathways. The main focus will be on RNA-binding protein kinase inhibitors. In the main text, we will refer to diseases where splicing-modifying-compounds have been intensively investigated, with comparison to nucleic acid-based strategies. The information on their involvement in mis-splicing as well as nonsplicing events will be helpful in finding better compounds with less off-target effects for future implications in mis-splicing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohe
- †Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and ‡Training Program of Leaders for Integrated Medical System for Fruitful Healthy-Longevity Society (LIMS), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- †Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and ‡Training Program of Leaders for Integrated Medical System for Fruitful Healthy-Longevity Society (LIMS), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
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41
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Falke H, Chaikuad A, Becker A, Loaëc N, Lozach O, Abu Jhaisha S, Becker W, Jones P, Preu L, Baumann K, Knapp S, Meijer L, Kunick C. 10-iodo-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-6-carboxylic acids are selective inhibitors of DYRK1A. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3131-43. [PMID: 25730262 PMCID: PMC4506206 DOI: 10.1021/jm501994d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The protein kinase DYRK1A has been suggested to act as one of the intracellular regulators contributing to neurological alterations found in individuals with Down syndrome. For an assessment of the role of DYRK1A, selective synthetic inhibitors are valuable pharmacological tools. However, the DYRK1A inhibitors described in the literature so far either are not sufficiently selective or have not been tested against closely related kinases from the DYRK and the CLK protein kinase families. The aim of this study was the identification of DYRK1A inhibitors exhibiting selectivity versus the structurally and functionally closely related DYRK and CLK isoforms. Structure modification of the screening hit 11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid revealed structure-activity relationships for kinase inhibition and enabled the design of 10-iodo-substituted derivatives as very potent DYRK1A inhibitors with considerable selectivity against CLKs. X-ray structure determination of three 11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-6-carboxylic acids cocrystallized with DYRK1A confirmed the predicted binding mode within the ATP binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Falke
- Institut
für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Nuffield
Department
of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of
Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Anja Becker
- Institut
für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- ManRos
Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
- “Protein
Phosphorylation and Human Disease” Group, Station Biologique
de Roscoff, CNRS, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Olivier Lozach
- “Protein
Phosphorylation and Human Disease” Group, Station Biologique
de Roscoff, CNRS, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen
University, Wendlingweg
2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen
University, Wendlingweg
2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter
G. Jones
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lutz Preu
- Institut
für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Knut Baumann
- Institut
für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Nuffield
Department
of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of
Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building,
Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos
Therapeutics, Perharidy Research Center, 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Conrad Kunick
- Institut
für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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42
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Jang SM, Azebi S, Soubigou G, Muchardt C. DYRK1A phoshorylates histone H3 to differentially regulate the binding of HP1 isoforms and antagonize HP1-mediated transcriptional repression. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:686-94. [PMID: 24820035 PMCID: PMC4197879 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201338356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins are chromatin-bound transcriptional regulators. While their chromodomain binds histone H3 methylated on lysine 9, their chromoshadow domain associates with the H3 histone fold in a region involved in chromatin remodeling. Here, we show that phosphorylation at histone H3 threonine 45 and serine 57 within this latter region differentially affects binding of the three mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β and HP1γ. Both phosphorylation events are dependent on the activity of the DYRK1A kinase that antagonizes HP1-mediated transcriptional repression and participates in abnormal activation of cytokine genes in Down's syndrome-associated megakaryoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Min Jang
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Paris, France URA2578, CNRS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris06, IFD, Paris cedex05, France
| | - Saliha Azebi
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Paris, France URA2578, CNRS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris06, IFD, Paris cedex05, France
| | - Guillaume Soubigou
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Génomes et Génétique, Plate-forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Paris, France
| | - Christian Muchardt
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Paris, France URA2578, CNRS, Paris, France
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43
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Schmitt C, Kail D, Mariano M, Empting M, Weber N, Paul T, Hartmann RW, Engel M. Design and synthesis of a library of lead-like 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as selective Dyrk/Clk inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87851. [PMID: 24676346 PMCID: PMC3968014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dyrk family of protein kinases is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors were mainly described for Dyrk1A so far, but in fewer cases for Dyrk1B, Dyrk2 or other isoforms. Herein, we report the development and optimization of 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as a novel class of Dyrk inhibitors. The optimized hit compounds displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and high ligand efficiencies, and inhibited Dyrk1B in intact cells. In a larger selectivity screen, only Clk1 and Clk4 were identified as additional targets of compound 48, but no other kinases frequently reported as off-targets. Interestingly, Dyrk1A is implicated in the regulation of alternative splicing, a function shared with Clk1/Clk4; thus, some of the dual inhibitors might be useful as efficient splicing modulators. A further compound (29) inhibited Dyrk1A and 1B with an IC50 of 130 nM, showing a moderate selectivity over Dyrk2. Since penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) seems possible based on the physicochemical properties, this compound might serve as a lead for the development of potential therapeutic agents against glioblastoma. Furthermore, an inhibitor selective for Dyrk2 (24) was also identified, which might be are suitable as a pharmacological tool to dissect Dyrk2 isoform-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmitt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Marica Mariano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadja Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tamara Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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44
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Kaczmarski W, Barua M, Mazur-Kolecka B, Frackowiak J, Dowjat W, Mehta P, Bolton D, Hwang YW, Rabe A, Albertini G, Wegiel J. Intracellular distribution of differentially phosphorylated dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:162-73. [PMID: 24327345 PMCID: PMC3951420 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is located within the Down syndrome (DS) critical region of chromosome 21. DYRK1A interacts with a plethora of substrates in the cytosol, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. Its overexpression is a contributing factor to the developmental alterations and age-associated pathology observed in DS. We hypothesized that the intracellular distribution of DYRK1A and cell-compartment-specific functions are associated with DYRK1A posttranslational modifications. Fractionation showed that, in both human and mouse brain, almost 80% of DYRK1A was associated with the cytoskeleton, and the remaining DYRK1A was present in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that DYRK1A in the brain cytoskeleton fraction forms complexes with filamentous actin, neurofilaments, and tubulin. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the fractions revealed DYRK1A with distinct isoelectric points: 5.5-6.5 in the nucleus, 7.2-8.2 in the cytoskeleton, and 8.7 in the cytosol. Phosphate-affinity gel electrophoresis demonstrated several bands of DYRK1A with different mobility shifts for nuclear, cytoskeletal, and cytosolic DYRK1A, indicating modification by phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry analysis disclosed one phosphorylated site in the cytosolic DYRK1A and multiple phosphorylated residues in the cytoskeletal DYRK1A, including two not previously described. This study supports the hypothesis that intracellular distribution and compartment-specific functions of DYRK1A may depend on its phosphorylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kaczmarski
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Madhabi Barua
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Bozena Mazur-Kolecka
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Janusz Frackowiak
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Wieslaw Dowjat
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - David Bolton
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in
Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in
Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Ausma Rabe
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Giorgio Albertini
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele
Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
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45
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Walte A, Rüben K, Birner-Gruenberger R, Preisinger C, Bamberg-Lemper S, Hilz N, Bracher F, Becker W. Mechanism of dual specificity kinase activity of DYRK1A. FEBS J 2013; 280:4495-511. [PMID: 23809146 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The function of many protein kinases is controlled by the phosphorylation of a critical tyrosine residue in the activation loop. Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) autophosphorylate on this tyrosine residue but phosphorylate substrates on aliphatic amino acids. This study addresses the mechanism of dual specificity kinase activity in DYRK1A and related kinases. Tyrosine autophosphorylation of DYRK1A occurred rapidly during in vitro translation and did not depend on the non-catalytic domains or other proteins. Expression in bacteria as well as in mammalian cells revealed that tyrosine kinase activity of DYRK1A is not restricted to the co-translational autophosphorylation in the activation loop. Moreover, mature DYRK1A was still capable of tyrosine autophosphorylation. Point mutants of DYRK1A and DYRK2 lacking the activation loop tyrosine showed enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. A series of structurally diverse DYRK1A inhibitors was used to pharmacologically distinguish different conformational states of the catalytic domain that are hypothesized to account for the dual specificity kinase activity. All tested compounds inhibited substrate phosphorylation with higher potency than autophosphorylation but none of the tested inhibitors differentially inhibited threonine and tyrosine kinase activity. Finally, the related cyclin-dependent kinase-like kinases (CLKs), which lack the activation loop tyrosine, autophosphorylated on tyrosine both in vitro and in living cells. We propose a model of DYRK autoactivation in which tyrosine autophosphorylation in the activation loop stabilizes a conformation of the catalytic domain with enhanced serine/threonine kinase activity without disabling tyrosine phosphorylation. The mechanism of dual specificity kinase activity probably applies to related serine/threonine kinases that depend on tyrosine autophosphorylation for maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Walte
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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46
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Coombs TC, Tanega C, Shen M, Wang JL, Auld DS, Gerritz SW, Schoenen FJ, Thomas CJ, Aubé J. Small-molecule pyrimidine inhibitors of the cdc2-like (Clk) and dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated (Dyrk) kinases: development of chemical probe ML315. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3654-61. [PMID: 23642479 PMCID: PMC3664191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Substituted pyrimidine inhibitors of the Clk and Dyrk kinases have been developed, exploring structure-activity relationships around four different chemotypes. The most potent compounds have low-nanomolar inhibitory activity against Clk1, Clk2, Clk4, Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B. Kinome scans with 442 kinases using agents representing three of the chemotypes show these inhibitors to be highly selective for the Clk and Dyrk families. Further off-target pharmacological evaluation with ML315, the most selective agent, supports this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Coombs
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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47
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Soundararajan M, Roos A, Savitsky P, Filippakopoulos P, Kettenbach A, Olsen J, Gerber S, Eswaran J, Knapp S, Elkins J. Structures of Down syndrome kinases, DYRKs, reveal mechanisms of kinase activation and substrate recognition. Structure 2013; 21:986-96. [PMID: 23665168 PMCID: PMC3677093 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) play key roles in brain development, regulation of splicing, and apoptosis, and are potential drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. We present crystal structures of one representative member of each DYRK subfamily: DYRK1A with an ATP-mimetic inhibitor and consensus peptide, and DYRK2 including NAPA and DH (DYRK homology) box regions. The current activation model suggests that DYRKs are Ser/Thr kinases that only autophosphorylate the second tyrosine of the activation loop YxY motif during protein translation. The structures explain the roles of this tyrosine and of the DH box in DYRK activation and provide a structural model for DYRK substrate recognition. Phosphorylation of a library of naturally occurring peptides identified substrate motifs that lack proline in the P+1 position, suggesting that DYRK1A is not a strictly proline-directed kinase. Our data also show that DYRK1A wild-type and Y321F mutant retain tyrosine autophosphorylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Soundararajan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Annette K. Roos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Pavel Savitsky
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Department of Proteomics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jeyanthy Eswaran
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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48
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Yin X, Jin N, Gu J, Shi J, Zhou J, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Liu F. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) modulates serine/arginine-rich protein 55 (SRp55)-promoted Tau exon 10 inclusion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:30497-506. [PMID: 22767602 PMCID: PMC3436298 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.355412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau exon 10, which encodes the second microtubule-binding repeat, is regulated by alternative splicing. Its alternative splicing generates Tau isoforms with three- or four-microtubule-binding repeats, named 3R-tau and 4R-tau. Adult human brain expresses equal levels of 3R-tau and 4R-tau. Imbalance of 3R-tau and 4R-tau causes Tau aggregation and neurofibrillary degeneration. In the present study, we found that splicing factor SRp55 (serine/arginine-rich protein 55) promoted Tau exon 10 inclusion. Knockdown of SRp55 significantly promoted Tau exon 10 exclusion. The promotion of Tau exon 10 inclusion by SRp55 required the arginine/serine-rich region, which was responsible for the subnucleic speckle localization. Dyrk1A (dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and regulated kinase 1A) interacted with SRp55 and mainly phosphorylated its proline-rich domain. Phosphorylation of SRp55 by Dyrk1A suppressed its ability to promote Tau exon 10 inclusion. Up-regulation of Dyrk1A as in Down syndrome could lead to neurofibrillary degeneration by shifting the alternative splicing of Tau exon 10 to an increase in the ratio of 3R-tau/4R-tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yin
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China and
| | - Nana Jin
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and
| | - Jianlan Gu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China and
| | - Jianhua Shi
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China and
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and
- the Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- the Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Inge Grundke-Iqbal
- the Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Fei Liu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration and
- the Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
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49
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SF3B1 haploinsufficiency leads to formation of ring sideroblasts in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2012; 120:3173-86. [PMID: 22826563 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-430876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole exome/genome sequencing has been fundamental in the identification of somatic mutations in the spliceosome machinery in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and other hematologic disorders. SF3B1, splicing factor 3b subunit 1 is mutated in 60%-80% of refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS) and RARS associated with thrombocytosis (RARS-T), 2 distinct subtypes of MDS and MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDSs/MPNs). An idiosyncratic feature of RARS/RARS-T is the presence of abnormal sideroblasts characterized by iron overload in the mitochondria, called RS. Based on the high frequency of mutations of SF3B1 in RARS/RARS-T, we investigated the consequences of SF3B1 alterations. Ultrastructurally, SF3B1 mutants showed altered iron distribution characterized by coarse iron deposits compared with wild-type RARS patients by transmission electron microscopy. SF3B1 knockdown experiments in K562 cells resulted in down-regulation of U2-type intron-splicing by RT-PCR. RNA-sequencing analysis of SF3B1 mutants showed differentially used genes relevant in MDS pathogenesis, such as ASXL1, CBL, EZH, and RUNX families. A SF3B pharmacologic inhibitor, meayamycin, induced the formation of RS in healthy BM cells. Further, BM aspirates of Sf3b1 heterozygous knockout mice showed RS by Prussian blue. In conclusion, we report the first experimental evidence of the association between SF3B1 and RS phenotype. Our data suggest that SF3B1 haploinsufficiency leads to RS formation.
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Ogawa Y, Hagiwara M. Challenges to congenital genetic disorders with “RNA-targeting” chemical compounds. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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