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Van Dijck E, Diels S, Fransen E, Cremers TC, Verrijken A, Dirinck E, Hoischen A, Vandeweyer G, Vanden Berghe W, Van Gaal L, Francque S, Van Hul W. A Case-Control Study Supports Genetic Contribution of the PON Gene Family in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1051. [PMID: 39334710 PMCID: PMC11440101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13091051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The paraoxonase (PON) gene family (including PON1, PON2, and PON3), is known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, protecting against metabolic diseases such as obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this study, the influence of common and rare PON variants on both conditions was investigated. A total of 507 healthy weight individuals and 744 patients with obesity including 433 with histological liver assessment, were sequenced with single-molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs), allowing the identification of genetic contributions to obesity and MASLD-related liver features. Polymorphisms rs705379 and rs854552 in the PON1 gene displayed significant association with MASLD stage and fibrosis, respectively. Additionally, rare PON1 variants were strongly associated with obesity. This study thereby reinforces the genetic foundation of PON1 in obesity and various MASLD-related liver features, by extending previous findings from common variants to include rare variants. Additionally, rare and very rare variants in PON2 were discovered to be associated with MASLD-related hepatic fibrosis. Notably, we are the first to report an association between naturally occurring rare PON2 variants and MASLD-related liver fibrosis. Considering the critical role of liver fibrosis in MASLD outcome, PON2 emerges as a possible candidate for future research endeavors including exploration of biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van Dijck
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sara Diels
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tycho Canter Cremers
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Vandeweyer
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Cell Death Signaling–Epigenetics Lab, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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2
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Domingo MG, Kurtz M, Maglione G, Martin M, Brites F, Tasat DR, Olmedo DG. Chronic exposure to TiO 2 micro- and nano particles: A biochemical and histopathological experimental study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35443. [PMID: 38968028 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of long-term exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) micro- (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) (six and 12 months) on the biochemical and histopathological response of target organs using a murine model. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with a suspension of TiO2 NPs (5 nm; TiO2-NP5 group) or MPs (45 μm; TiO2-NP5 group); the control group was injected with saline solution. Six and 12 months post-injection, titanium (Ti) concentration in plasma and target organs was determined spectrometrically (ICP-MS). Blood smears and organ tissue samples were evaluated by light microscopy. Liver and kidney function was evaluated using serum biochemical parameters. Oxidative metabolism was assessed 6 months post-injection (determination of superoxide anion by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation, and paraoxonase 1). Titanium (Ti) concentration in target organs and plasma was significantly higher in the TiO2-exposed groups than in the control group. Histological evaluation showed the presence of titanium-based particles in the target organs, which displayed no structural alterations, and in blood monocytes. Oxidative metabolism analysis showed that TiO2 NPs were more reactive over time than MPs (p < .05) and mobilization of antioxidant enzymes and membrane damage varied among the studied organs. Clearance of TiO2 micro and nanoparticles differed among the target organs, and lung clearance was more rapid than clearance from the lungs and kidneys (p < .05). Conversely, Ti concentration in plasma increased with time (p < .05). In conclusion, neither serum biochemical parameters nor oxidative metabolism markers appear to be useful as biomarkers of tissue damage in response to TiO2 micro- and nanoparticle deposits at chronic time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Gisele Domingo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Becario de Investigación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa Kurtz
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Maglione
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando Brites
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Lipoproteínas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah Ruth Tasat
- Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Gustavo Olmedo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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El-Refai HA, Saleh AM, Mohamed SIA, Aboul Naser AF, Zaki RA, Gomaa SK, Hamed MA. Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Bacillus paramycoides for In Vitro Biological Activities and In Vivo Assessment Against Hepatorenal Injury Induced by CCl 4 in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04817-y. [PMID: 38175413 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, impressive developments in the field of nanotechnology have been achieved. The study aimed to synthetize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from locally isolated terrestrial Bacillus paramycoides (MCCC 1A04098) bacteria and assess its role as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. The antioxidant activity was done using the percentage of DPPH scavenging method. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Candida albicans. The anti-proliferation assay against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines was estimated by neutral red assay. The apoptotic effect of ZnONP was measured by flow cytometry. The in vivo evaluation was carried out against hepatorenal injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats comparing with silymarin as a reference drug. The oxidative stress markers, liver and kidney function enzyme indices, lipid profile, and the histological features of the liver and kidney were also examined. ZnONPs revealed antioxidant and antibacterial effects. It also exerted cytotoxic and apoptotic effect in a dose dependent manner without any toxicity on normal cell line. ZnONPs improved all the biochemical parameters under investigation to varying degrees, and the histological pictures of the liver and kidney confirmed the results. In conclusion, ZnONPs were successfully synthesized from the terrestrial Bacillus paramycoides and recorded in vitro antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial effects as well as in vivo anti-hepatorenal toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A El-Refai
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa I A Mohamed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Aboul Naser
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania A Zaki
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sanaa K Gomaa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Martínez-Navidad C, Placed-Gallego C, Cambra-Cortés V, Perta AM, París M, del Castillo D, Arenas M, Camps J, Joven J. Serum Arylesterase, Paraoxonase, and Lactonase Activities and Paraoxonase-1 Concentrations in Morbidly Obese Patients and Their Relationship with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2038. [PMID: 38136158 PMCID: PMC10741051 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Reduced serum PON1 activity is found in diseases marked by oxidative stress and inflammation, but its role in obesity remains unclear. This study investigated PON1 activities and concentrations in morbidly obese individuals and explored the impacts of the genetic polymorphism PON1 rs662 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on enzymatic properties. We recruited 1349 morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and 823 non-obese volunteers. PON1-related variables, including arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities and PON1 concentrations, were examined. Our results showed that morbidly obese individuals exhibited higher PON1 concentrations but lower enzymatic activities than non-obese individuals. We observed inverse associations of arylesterase and paraoxonase activities with waist circumference (rho = -0.24, p < 0.001, and rho = -0.30, p < 0.001, respectively) and body mass index (rho = -0.15, p = 0.001, and rho = -0.23, p < 0.001), as well as direct associations of arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities with HDL cholesterol (rho = 0.11, p = 0.005, rho = 0.20, p < 0.001, and rho = 0.20, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, rs662 polymorphism allele frequencies, or the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nevertheless, correlations were found between certain PON1-related variables, steatosis, and ballooning. In conclusion, changes in PON1-related variables in morbidly obese patients are dependent on the disease itself and HDL levels. The relationships between these variables and specific liver histological changes raise intriguing questions for consideration in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Cristian Martínez-Navidad
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Cristina Placed-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Vicente Cambra-Cortés
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Adelina-Miruna Perta
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Marta París
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.P.); (D.d.C.)
| | - Daniel del Castillo
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (M.P.); (D.d.C.)
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomédica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Dr. Josep Laporte 2, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (A.J.-F.); (C.M.-N.); (C.P.-G.); (V.C.-C.); (A.-M.P.); (M.A.)
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Li J, Su X, Xu X, Zhao C, Liu A, Yang L, Song B, Song H, Li Z, Hao X. Preoperative prediction and risk assessment of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 190:104107. [PMID: 37633349 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and highly lethal tumors worldwide. Microvascular invasion (MVI) is a significant risk factor for recurrence and poor prognosis after surgical resection for HCC patients. Accurately predicting the status of MVI preoperatively is critical for clinicians to select treatment modalities and improve overall survival. However, MVI can only be diagnosed by pathological analysis of postoperative specimens. Currently, numerous indicators in serology (including liquid biopsies) and imaging have been identified to effective in predicting the occurrence of MVI, and the multi-indicator model based on deep learning greatly improves accuracy of prediction. Moreover, several genes and proteins have been identified as risk factors that are strictly associated with the occurrence of MVI. Therefore, this review evaluates various predictors and risk factors, and provides guidance for subsequent efforts to explore more accurate predictive methods and to facilitate the conversion of risk factors into reliable predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Su
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Changchun Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China; Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liwen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Baoling Song
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao Song
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zihan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Çakır S. The Effect of Royal Jelly on Telomere Length and Some Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Albino Rats with Liver Damage Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride. J Med Food 2023; 26:580-585. [PMID: 37477674 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural bee product that has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. The therapeutic properties of this product, which has rich biological content, are still being investigated with new approaches. In this study, the effect of RJ on telomere length, some antioxidant parameters, and lipid profile was examined. This study will contribute to the literature as it is the first to evaluate the effect of RJ on the length of telomeres in damaged liver tissues. In the study, the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), telomerase, 8'-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and telomere lengths were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The increased TC, LDL-C levels, and AST and ALT activities in the serum after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration approached the control level after RJ administration. PON1 activity decreased in groups with CCl4. PON1 activity increased after RJ administration. The level of 8-OHdG, which increased groups with CCl4, decreased after RJ administration. According to the results of telomere length analysis in liver tissues, telomere lengths in damaged tissues were significantly shortened with CCl4 application and increased with RJ application. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that RJ may have therapeutic effects on telomere lengths and some biochemistry parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Çakır
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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7
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Ryaboshapkina M, Azzu V. Sample size calculation for a NanoString GeoMx spatial transcriptomics experiment to study predictors of fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8943. [PMID: 37268815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sample size calculation for spatial transcriptomics is a novel and understudied research topic. Prior publications focused on powering spatial transcriptomics studies to detect specific cell populations or spatially variable expression patterns on tissue slides. However, power calculations for translational or clinical studies often relate to the difference between patient groups, and this is poorly described in the literature. Here, we present a stepwise process for sample size calculation to identify predictors of fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a case study. We illustrate how to infer study hypothesis from prior bulk RNA-sequencing data, gather input requirements and perform a simulation study to estimate required sample size to evaluate gene expression differences between patients with stable fibrosis and fibrosis progressors with NanoString GeoMx Whole Transcriptome Atlas assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ryaboshapkina
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Vian Azzu
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Graham AM, Jamison JM, Bustos M, Cournoyer C, Michaels A, Presnell JS, Richter R, Crocker DE, Fustukjian A, Hunter ME, Rea LD, Marsillach J, Furlong CE, Meyer WK, Clark NL. Reduction of Paraoxonase Expression Followed by Inactivation across Independent Semiaquatic Mammals Suggests Stepwise Path to Pseudogenization. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad104. [PMID: 37146172 PMCID: PMC10202596 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent adaptation to the same environment by multiple lineages frequently involves rapid evolutionary change at the same genes, implicating these genes as important for environmental adaptation. Such adaptive molecular changes may yield either change or loss of protein function; loss of function can eliminate newly deleterious proteins or reduce energy necessary for protein production. We previously found a striking case of recurrent pseudogenization of the Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) gene among aquatic mammal lineages-Pon1 became a pseudogene with genetic lesions, such as stop codons and frameshifts, at least four times independently in aquatic and semiaquatic mammals. Here, we assess the landscape and pace of pseudogenization by studying Pon1 sequences, expression levels, and enzymatic activity across four aquatic and semiaquatic mammal lineages: pinnipeds, cetaceans, otters, and beavers. We observe in beavers and pinnipeds an unexpected reduction in expression of Pon3, a paralog with similar expression patterns but different substrate preferences. Ultimately, in all lineages with aquatic/semiaquatic members, we find that preceding any coding-level pseudogenization events in Pon1, there is a drastic decrease in expression, followed by relaxed selection, thus allowing accumulation of disrupting mutations. The recurrent loss of Pon1 function in aquatic/semiaquatic lineages is consistent with a benefit to Pon1 functional loss in aquatic environments. Accordingly, we examine diving and dietary traits across pinniped species as potential driving forces of Pon1 functional loss. We find that loss is best associated with diving activity and likely results from changes in selective pressures associated with hypoxia and hypoxia-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Graham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jerrica M Jamison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto—Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marisol Bustos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas—San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Alexa Michaels
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Jason S Presnell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rebecca Richter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
| | | | - Margaret E Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lorrie D Rea
- Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska—Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
| | - Nathan L Clark
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Xiao J, Liu T, Liu Z, Xiao C, Du J, Zuo S, Li H, Gu H. A Differentiation-Related Gene Prognostic Index Contributes to Prognosis and Immunotherapy Evaluation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152302. [PMID: 35892599 PMCID: PMC9367442 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common gastrointestinal tumor with a poor prognosis, which is associated with poor differentiation of tumor cells. However, the potential value of cell differentiation-related molecules in predicting the benefit and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy remains unknown. Herein, to investigate the differentiation trajectory of HCC cells and their clinical significance, a differentiation-related gene prognostic index (DRGPI) based on HCC differentiation-related genes (HDRGs) was constructed to elucidate the immune characteristics and therapeutic benefits of ICI in the HCC subgroup defined by DRGPI. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq data from four HCC samples were integrated for bioinformatics analysis. Then, PON1, ADH4, SQSTM1, HSP90AA1, and STMN1 were screened out to construct a DRGPI. More intriguingly, RT-qPCR validation of the expression of these genes yielded consistent results with the TCGA database. Next, the risk scoring (RS) constructed based on DRGPI suggested that the overall survival (OS) of the DRGPI-high patients was significantly worse than that of the DRGPI-low patients. A nomogram was constructed based on DRGPI-RS and clinical characteristics, which showed strong predictive performance and high accuracy. The comprehensive results indicated that a low DRGPI score was associated with low TP53 mutation rates, high CD8 T cell infiltration, and more benefit from ICI therapy. Homoplastically, the high DRGPI score reflected the opposite results. Taken together, our study highlights the significance of HCC cell differentiation in predicting prognosis, indicating immune characteristics, and understanding the therapeutic benefits of ICI, and suggests that DRGPI is a valuable prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (C.X.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China;
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (C.X.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China;
| | - Chuan Xiao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (C.X.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jun Du
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (C.X.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Shi Zuo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (C.X.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (C.X.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Huajian Gu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; (J.X.); (T.L.); (C.X.); (J.D.); (S.Z.); (H.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-851-8677-2723
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Zhang SQ, Pan SM, Lai SZ, Situ HJ, Liu J, Dai WJ, Liang SX, Zhou LQ, Lu QQ, Ke PF, Zhang F, Chen HB, Li JC. Novel Plasma Proteomic Biomarkers for Early Identification of Induction Chemotherapy Beneficiaries in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:889516. [PMID: 35847896 PMCID: PMC9279567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.889516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Induction chemotherapy (IC) can alleviate locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC), but effectiveness differs between patients, toxicity is problematic, and effective blood-based IC efficacy predictors are lacking. Here, we aimed to identify biomarkers for early identification of IC beneficiaries. Methods Sixty-four pairs of matched plasma samples collected before and after IC from LA-NPC patients including 34 responders and 30 non-responders, as well as 50 plasma samples of healthy individuals, were tested using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. The proteins associated with clinical traits or IC benefits were investigated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and soft cluster analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotations were performed to determine the potential function of the identified proteins. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of candidate biomarkers in predicting IC beneficiaries. Results Compared with healthy individuals, 1027 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in the plasma of LA-NPC patients. Based on feedback from IC outcomes, 463 DEPs were identified in the pre-IC plasma between responders and non-responders. A total of 1212 DEPs represented the proteomic changes before and after IC in responders, while 276 DEPs were identified in post-IC plasma between responders and non-responders. WGCNA identified nine protein co-expression modules correlated with clinical traits. Soft cluster analysis identified four IC benefits-related protein clusters. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these proteins may play a role in IC via immunity, complement, coagulation, glycosaminoglycan and serine. Four proteins differentially expressed in all group comparisons, paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), rheumatoid factor D5 light chain (v-kappa-3) and RNA helicase (DDX55), were associated with clinical traits or IC benefits. A four-protein model accurately identified potential IC beneficiaries (AUC=0.95) while diagnosing LA-NPC (AUC=0.92), and the prediction performance was verified using the models to confirm the effective IC (AUC=0.97) and evaluate IC outcome (AUC=0.94). Conclusion The plasma protein profiles among IC responders and non-responders were different. PON1, IGFBP3, v-kappa-3 and DDX55 could serve as potential biomarkers for early identification of IC beneficiaries for individualised treatment of LA-NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Qiang Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Su-Ming Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hui-Jing Situ
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Dai
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Si-Xian Liang
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Li-Qing Zhou
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Qi-Qi Lu
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Pei-Feng Ke
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hai-Bin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ji-Cheng Li
- Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Aziz WM, Hamed MA, Abd-Alla HI, Ahmed SA. Pulicaria crispa mitigates nephrotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats via regulation oxidative, inflammatory, tubular and glomerular indices. Biomarkers 2021; 27:35-43. [PMID: 34730055 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2002412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induces oxidative stress in various tissues by altering antioxidants defense system. Recently, there has been a substantial use of phytotherapy to treat different diseases. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the curative effect of Pulicaria crispa (Forssk.) Benth et Hook (Family Asteraceae) aerial parts ethanol extract against CCl4 induced toxicity in rats kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection with CCl4 in a dose of 0.5 mL/kg b.wt./twice a week for six consecutive weeks. Serum kidney function tests, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, nephrotoxicity biomarkers and histopathological observation were evaluated. RESULTS CCl4 increased serum kidney function parameters, malondialdehyde level, inflammatory cytokines, and nephrotoxicity markers, while decreased certain oxidative stress indices as superoxide dismutase and glutathione refereeing to the control group (p < 0.0001). Administration of P. crispa ethanol extract to CCl4 injured rats attenuated these changes with variable degrees. The results were confirmed through the observed amelioration of the renal histological architectures. CONCLUSION P. crispa ethanol extract possesses potent curative effect against CCl4-induced nephropathy through improvement of kidney function, oxidative stress, inflammatory and nephrotoxicity index and the renal histopathological features. To establish the therapeutic and pharmacological applications of the plant, additional researches are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam M Aziz
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Howaida I Abd-Alla
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Morsy BM, Hamed MA, Abd-Alla HI, Aziz WM, Kamel SN. Downregulation of fibrosis and inflammatory signalling pathways in rats liver via Pulicaria crispa aerial parts ethanol extract. Biomarkers 2021; 26:665-673. [PMID: 34409912 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1970810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Liver is a vital organ for the detoxification of toxic substances in the body, where fibrosis is the major cause of liver damage. Pulicaria crispa processes many therapeutic applications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-ulcerative agent. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to modulate the fibrosis and inflammatory signalling pathways in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rats via treatment with Pulicaria crispa aerial parts ethanol extract (PCEE). MATERIALS AND METHODS CCl4 was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg b.wt./twice a week/six consecutive weeks, PCEE was orally allocated at a dose of 250 mg/kg b.wt./day/six weeks and silymarin was orally administrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg, b.wt/day/six weeks. The plant extract evaluation was done through measuring aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST& ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total lipids (TP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low level glycoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The liver architectures were also estimated. RESULT The phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of sterols and/or triterpenoids. Treatments with plant extract suppressed significantly (p < 0.0001) the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TP, TG, TC, LDH-C, MDA, NO, AFP, TNF-α and IL-6, while increased (p < 0.0001) the levels of HDL-C, GSH and SOD. The histopathological features confirmed the therapeutic role of the plant extract. CONCLUSION PCEE succeeded to exert anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and anti- oxidants effects in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant M Morsy
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Howaida I Abd-Alla
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Aziz
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sally N Kamel
- Aaman Laboratory, Ismail Al-dorry, St., Faiyum, Egypt
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Monroy-Ramirez HC, Galicia-Moreno M, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, Meza-Rios A, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. PPARs as Metabolic Sensors and Therapeutic Targets in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158298. [PMID: 34361064 PMCID: PMC8347792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates and lipids are two components of the diet that provide the necessary energy to carry out various physiological processes to help maintain homeostasis in the body. However, when the metabolism of both biomolecules is altered, development of various liver diseases takes place; such as metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD), hepatitis B and C virus infections, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and in more severe cases, hepatocelular carcinoma (HCC). On the other hand, PPARs are a family of ligand-dependent transcription factors with an important role in the regulation of metabolic processes to hepatic level as well as in other organs. After interaction with specific ligands, PPARs are translocated to the nucleus, undergoing structural changes to regulate gene transcription involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. This review aims to provide updated data about PPARs’ critical role in liver metabolic regulation, and their involvement triggering the genesis of several liver diseases. Information is provided about their molecular characteristics, cell signal pathways, and the main pharmacological therapies that modulate their function, currently engaged in the clinic scenario, or in pharmacological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramirez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Marina Galicia-Moreno
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
| | - Alejandra Meza-Rios
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (A.S.-R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45138, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Deficit schizophrenia and its features are associated with PON1 Q192R genotypes and lowered paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzymatic activity: effects on bacterial translocation. CNS Spectr 2021; 26:406-415. [PMID: 32638685 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary deficit schizophrenia (DS) is characterized by enduring negative symptoms and represents a qualitatively different disease entity with respect to non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS). No studies investigated the association between the enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and DS and its phenomenology. METHODS In this case-control study, Thai women and men, aged 18 to 65 years, were divided in DS (n = 40) and NDS (n = 40) and were compared to controls (n = 40). PON1 activities against 4-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate (CMPA) and phenylacetate were determined. Moreover, subjects were genotyped for their PON1 Q192R polymorphism and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels responses directed to Gram-negative bacteria were measured. RESULTS DS is significantly associated with the QQ genotype and the Q allele as compared with NDS and controls. PON1 activities are significantly and inversely associated with negative symptoms, formal thought disorders, psychomotor retardation, excitation and DS. The presence of the Q allele is associated with increased IgA responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, and Pseudomonas putida as compared with RR carriers. CONCLUSIONS The PON1 Q allele and lower PON1 activities especially against CMPA are associated with DS, indicating lowered quorum quenching abilities as well as lowered defenses against lipoperoxidation and immune activation. It is suggested that lowered PON1 activity in DS constitutes an impairment in the innate immune system which together with lowered natural IgM may cause lower immune regulation thereby predisposing toward greater neurotoxic effects of immune-inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative pathways and Gram-negative microbiota.
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Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Iftimie S, Castañé H, Baiges-Gaya G, Hernández-Aguilera A, González-Viñas M, Castro A, Camps J, Joven J. Clinical Performance of Paraoxonase-1-Related Variables and Novel Markers of Inflammation in Coronavirus Disease-19. A Machine Learning Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060991. [PMID: 34205807 PMCID: PMC8234277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection produces a response of the innate immune system causing oxidative stress and a strong inflammatory reaction termed ‘cytokine storm’ that is one of the leading causes of death. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) protects against oxidative stress by hydrolyzing lipoperoxides. Alterations in PON1 activity have been associated with pro-inflammatory mediators such as the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and the glycoprotein galectin-3. We aimed to investigate the alterations in the circulating levels of PON1, CCL2, and galectin-3 in 126 patients with COVID-19 and their interactions with clinical variables and analytical parameters. A machine learning approach was used to identify predictive markers of the disease. For comparisons, we recruited 45 COVID-19 negative patients and 50 healthy individuals. Our approach identified a synergy between oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis in positive patients that is not observed in negative patients. PON1 activity was the parameter with the greatest power to discriminate between patients who were either positive or negative for COVID-19, while their levels of CCL2 and galectin-3 were similar. We suggest that the measurement of serum PON1 activity may be a useful marker for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (H.C.); (G.B.-G.); (A.H.-A.); (J.J.)
| | - Simona Iftimie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (S.I.); (M.G.-V.); (A.C.)
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (H.C.); (G.B.-G.); (A.H.-A.); (J.J.)
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (H.C.); (G.B.-G.); (A.H.-A.); (J.J.)
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (H.C.); (G.B.-G.); (A.H.-A.); (J.J.)
| | - María González-Viñas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (S.I.); (M.G.-V.); (A.C.)
| | - Antoni Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (S.I.); (M.G.-V.); (A.C.)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (H.C.); (G.B.-G.); (A.H.-A.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-310-300
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (H.C.); (G.B.-G.); (A.H.-A.); (J.J.)
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Milaciu MV, Ciumărnean L, Matei DM, Vesa ȘC, Sabin O, Bocșan IC, Pop RM, Negrean V, Buzoianu AD, Acalovschi M. Cytokines, paraoxonase-1, periostin and non-invasive liver fibrosis scores in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and persistently elevated aminotransferases: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:533. [PMID: 33815606 PMCID: PMC8014973 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between paraoxonase-1 (PON1), periostin (POSTN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 serum concentration with non-invasive liver fibrosis scores, in a cohort of patients with NAFLD. We studied a cohort of 52 patients diagnosed with NAFLD. The NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) and BARD scores were calculated for each patient. We determined the PON1, POSTN, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 serum values using ELISA kits. There was no correlation between PON1 or POSTN serum levels and non-invasive liver fibrosis. The TNF-α serum values were independently associated with the liver fibrosis scores (P=0.02 for NFS and P=0.002 for FIB-4). Age and metabolic syndrome were also independently linked to the fibrosis scores. In conclusion, serum levels of TNF-α, age and metabolic syndrome were associated with the non-invasive liver fibrosis scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Vasile Milaciu
- Department 5-Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Ciumărnean
- Department 5-Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Maria Matei
- Department 5-Internal Medicine, 3rd Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan Cristian Vesa
- Department 2-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Octavia Sabin
- Department 2-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocșan
- Department 2-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department 2-Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Department 5-Internal Medicine, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department 5-Internal Medicine, 3rd Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Acalovschi
- Doctoral School, ‘Iuliu Haţieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and therapies of liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107791. [PMID: 33321113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing process associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. HSCs activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis and aging play critical roles in the progression of liver fibrosis, which is correlated with the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. As nuclear receptors, PPARs reduce inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibit fibrogenesis in the liver associated with aging. Thus, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Mounting evidence indicated that some PPAR agonists could reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Consequently, targeting PPARs might be a promising and novel therapeutic option against liver fibrosis. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of PPARs on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Ding GY, Zhu XD, Ji Y, Shi GM, Shen YH, Zhou J, Fan J, Sun HC, Huang C. Serum PON1 as a biomarker for the estimation of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:204. [PMID: 32309351 PMCID: PMC7154400 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Microvascular invasion (MVI) is considered as one of the most powerful prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, it could only be diagnosed by post-operative histological examination. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) for MVI. Methods In this study, we analyzed data from 754 HCC patients who underwent surgical treatment between December 2010 and November 2011. Serum PON1 was measured by ELISA and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to calculate diagnostic accuracy. Results MVI was detected in 174 of 505 patients (34.5%) in the test cohort and 84 of 249 patients (33.7%) in the validation cohort. Univariate analyses indicated tumor size, AFP, and PON1 were significantly related with vascular invasion status. ROC curves determined the optimum diagnostic cutoff value for PON1 was 191.12 ng/mL (AUC 0.754, 95% CI: 0.710-0.798, sensitivity 70.67%, specificity 78.11% in the test cohort), which was significantly better than AFP (cutoff value 279.8 ng/mL, AUC 0.666, 95% CI: 0.618-0.714, sensitivity 40.38%, specificity 85.19%, P=0.0063). In the sHCC sub-group, PON1 retained diagnostic value (AUC 0.738, 95% CI: 0.680-0.796, sensitivity 72.82%, specificity 76.57% in the test cohort), while AFP failed to do so (AUC 0.579, 95% CI: 0.511-0.647, sensitivity 26.21%, specificity 86.84%, P=0.0003). These results were further confirmed by the validation cohort. The combination of PON1 and AFP increased the diagnostic accuracy for vascular invasion compared with either test alone (AUC 0.785, 95% CI: 0.744-0.826, sensitivity 75.96%, specificity 77.44%; PON1 plus AFP vs. PON1 alone, P=0.0004; PON1 plus AFP vs. AFP alone, P<0.0001). Conclusions Serum PON1 could potentially be used to diagnose MVI and could be used to guide more personalized treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying-Hao Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yousaf M, Nirwan JS, Smith AM, Timmins P, Conway BR, Ghori MU. Raft‐forming polysaccharides for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD): Systematic review. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yousaf
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Jorabar Singh Nirwan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Alan M. Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Peter Timmins
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied ScienceUniversity of Huddersfield Huddersfield HD1 3DH United Kingdom
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Meneses MJ, Silvestre R, Sousa-Lima I, Macedo MP. Paraoxonase-1 as a Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis: Impact on the Onset and Progression of Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164049. [PMID: 31430977 PMCID: PMC6720961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are characterized by an overall state of inflammation and oxidative stress, which highlight the importance of a functional antioxidant system and normal activity of some endogenous enzymes, namely paraoxonase-1 (PON1). PON1 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory glycoprotein from the paraoxonases family. It is mainly expressed in the liver and secreted to the bloodstream, where it binds to HDL. Although it was first discovered due to its ability to hydrolyze paraoxon, it is now known to have an antiatherogenic role. Recent studies have shown that PON1 plays a protective role in other diseases that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, such as Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The aim of this review is to elucidate the physiological role of PON1, as well as the impact of altered PON1 levels in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Meneses
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- ProRegeM PhD Programme, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Regina Silvestre
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês Sousa-Lima
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- APDP Diabetes Portugal-Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal.
- APDP Diabetes Portugal-Education and Research Center (APDP-ERC), 1250-203 Lisbon, Portugal.
- Medical Sciences Department and iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Crosstalk Between Adipokines and Paraoxonase 1: A New Potential Axis Linking Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080287. [PMID: 31390816 PMCID: PMC6719214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated protein that endows its carrier with (lipo-)lactonase-dependent antioxidative features. Low levels of PON1 activity have been observed in association with obesity, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Considering the well-recognized atheroprotective role of PON1, exogenous/endogenous factors that might modulate its levels/activity are raising great interest. Since adipokines represent a molecular link between obesity and CVD, we here explored the possible impact of these substances on PON1 activity/expression. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, hepatocyte growth factor, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured along with arylesterase, paraoxonase, and lactonase activities of PON1 in 107 postmenopausal women. Moreover, the direct effect of resistin on PON1 expression was evaluated in vitro. Multivariate analysis revealed that only resistin was significantly and inversely correlated with PON1-lactonase activities (r = −0.346, p < 0.001) regardless of confounding factors such as age or HDL-cholesterol. It is worth noting that no statistical link was found between adipokine and arylesterase or paraoxonase, the two promiscuous activities of PON1. Notably, resistin down-regulated PON1 expression occurred in hepatocellular carcinoma cultures. Our study suggests that resistin might be a negative modulator of PON1 expression and anti-oxidative activity.
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Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Murcia M, Arenas M, Arguís M, Gil M, Amigó N, Correig X, Torres L, Sabater S, Baiges-Gayà G, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Hernández-Aguilera A, Fort-Gallifa I, Camps J, Joven J. Serum Paraoxonase-1-Related Variables and Lipoprotein Profile in Patients with Lung or Head and Neck Cancer: Effect of Radiotherapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070213. [PMID: 31295833 PMCID: PMC6680864 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated alterations in the levels of the antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and the lipoprotein profile (analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance) in patients with lung cancer (LC) or head and neck cancer (HNC), and the effects produced thereon by radiotherapy (RT). We included 33 patients with LC and 28 patients with HNC. Before irradiation, and one month after completion of RT, blood samples were obtained. The control group was composed of 50 healthy subjects. Patients had significantly lower serum PON1 activity and concentration before RT than the control group. PON1-related variables were good predictors of the presence of LC or HNC, with analytical sensitivities and specificities greater than 80%. Patients showed a significant increase in the number of particles of all subclasses of very-low-density lipoproteins (large, medium and small). However, these changes were not maintained when adjusted for age, sex, and other clinical and demographic variables. Irradiation was associated with a significant increase in PON1 concentration and, only in patients with HNC, with an increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration. Our results suggest that determinations of the levels of PON1-related variables may constitute good biomarkers for the evaluation of these diseases. Studies with a larger number of patients are needed to fully confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Mauricio Murcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Mònica Arguís
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Correig
- Metabolomics Platform, CIBERDEM, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Sebastià Sabater
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gayà
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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The inhibition effects of some sulfonamides on human serum paraoxonase-1 (hPON1). Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:545-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Levy D, Reichert CO, Bydlowski SP. Paraoxonases Activities and Polymorphisms in Elderly and Old-Age Diseases: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050118. [PMID: 31052559 PMCID: PMC6562914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction. There is much evidence linking the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of aging. With increasing age, susceptibility to the development of diseases related to lipid peroxidation and tissue injury increases, due to chronic inflammatory processes, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The paraoxonase (PON) gene family is composed of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share considerable structural homology and are located adjacently on chromosome 7 in humans. The most studied member product is PON1, a protein associated with high-density lipoprotein with paraoxonase/esterase activity. Nevertheless, all the three proteins prevent oxidative stress. The major aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the role of PON enzymes in the aging process, and in the development of the main diseases present in the elderly: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Levy
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cadiele Oliana Reichert
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Center of Innovation and Translacional Medicine (CIMTRA), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sleem AA, Mohamed Sayed MAEB, Youness ER, Shaffie N. Neuroprotective Effects of Low Dose Anandamide in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor CB1 ligand that exhibits neuroprotective effects in the brain. In this study, the effect of exogenously given anandamide on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling oxidative stress and brain damage in rats was studied. Rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 35 mg/kg PTZ once every 48 hours for 12 times to induce seizures. Anandamide was i.p. given. 30 min prior to PTZ injection at 100 or 200 mg/kg. Injections of PTZ induced significant increase in brain lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde: MDA), and nitric oxide associated with marked decrease in brain reduced glutathione (GSH). There were also significant decrements in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities in brain tissue of PTZ injected rats. Meanwhile, there was no significant effect for PTZ on the concentration of brain neutrophil elastase. Anandamide administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly decreased MDA and increased GSH contents and at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased nitric oxide in brain of PTZ-treated rats. The drug also caused significant increments in AChE concentration and PON-1 activity but had no significant effect on BChE or neutrophil elastase in rats treated with PTZ. Anandamide given at the dose of 200mg/kg significantly decreased the mean seizure scores over the study period by 22.3% and the frequency of myoclonic jerks and rearing (stage 3) by 56.7% compared with the vehicle-treated group. Anandamide given at 100 and 200 mg/kg completely inhibited the development of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (stage 5). It is concluded that in the PTZ-induced seizures, the cannabinoid receptor CB1 agonist anandamide decreases brain oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and exerts an antiepileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman R. Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Moreira EG, Boll KM, Correia DG, Soares JF, Rigobello C, Maes M. Why Should Psychiatrists and Neuroscientists Worry about Paraoxonase 1? Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1004-1020. [PMID: 30592255 PMCID: PMC7052826 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666181227164947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitro-oxidative stress (NOS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The activity of the polymorphic antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is altered in diseases where NOS is involved. PON1 activity may be estimated using different substrates some of which are influenced by PON1 polymorphisms. OBJECTIVES 1) to review the association between PON1 activities and psychiatric diseases using a standardized PON1 substrate terminology in order to offer a state-of-the-art review; and 2) to review the efficacy of different strategies (nutrition, drugs, lifestyle) to enhance PON1 activities. METHODS The PubMed database was searched using the terms paraoxonase 1 and psychiatric diseases. Moreover, the database was also searched for clinical trials investigating strategies to enhance PON1 activity. RESULTS The studies support decreased PON1 activity as determined using phenylacetate (i.e., arylesterase or AREase) as a substrate, in depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and schizophrenia, especially in antipsychotic-free patients. PON1 activity as determined with paraoxon (i.e., POase activity) yields more controversial results, which can be explained by the lack of adjustment for the Q192R polymorphism. The few clinical trials investigating the influence of nutritional, lifestyle and drugs on PON1 activities in the general population suggest that some polyphenols, oleic acid, Mediterranean diet, no smoking, being physically active and statins may be effective strategies that increase PON1 activity. CONCLUSION Lowered PON1 activities appear to be a key component in the ongoing NOS processes that accompany affective disorders, GAD and schizophrenia. Treatments increasing attenuated PON1 activity could possibly be new drug targets for treating these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Gastaldello Moreira
- Address correspondence to this author at the Departamento de Ciencias Fisiologicas, Lab. 6; Centro de Ciências Biologicas, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, PR Brazil; Tel: +55 (43) 3371-4307; E-mail:
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Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Domínguez-López M, Guerrero-Celis N, Rodríguez-Aguilera JR, Chagoya de Sánchez V. Inflammation is regulated by the adenosine derivative molecule, IFC-305, during reversion of cirrhosis in a CCl4 rat model. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 54:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hepatoprotective evaluation and isolation of the major secondary metabolites from the ethyl acetate extract of liquid culture filtrate of Chaetomium globosum. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:174-180. [PMID: 29091863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethyl acetate extract of the liquid culture filtrate of Chaetomium globosum fungus (family Chaetomiaceae). Rats were intraperitoneally injected by CCl4 (0.5ml/kg) twice a week for six consecutive weeks. Treatment tacks (250mg/kg) place at the same time of CCl4 induction and with the same duration. The evaluation was done through determination of liver function indices; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum protein content. In addition, the oxidative stress markers; hepatic glutathione content (GSH), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and hepatic total protein were estimated. Moreover, the liver architectures were also examined. Isolation and identification of the main secondary metabolites were identified. Seven volatile compounds were identified from the plain chloroform fraction where, 1-Cyclopentyl-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol (54.63%) was presented as the major compound. Eleven compounds were also identified from the fraction eluted by chloroform: methanol (85:15). 1,5,5-Trimethyl-6-methylene-1-cyclohexene (25.79%) and Norbornan-2-one (26.84%) are presented as the major compounds of this fraction. In conclusion, the extract recorded hepatoprotective effect by ameliorating the biochemical parameters under investigation. The liver histopathological pictures confirmed our results.
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Suárez-García S, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Suárez M, Arola L. Serum lysophospholipid levels are altered in dyslipidemic hamsters. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10431. [PMID: 28874705 PMCID: PMC5585394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are common disorders that predispose individuals to severe diseases. It is known that healthy living habits can prevent dyslipidemias if they are diagnosed properly. Therefore, biomarkers that assist in diagnosis are essential. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers of dyslipidemia progression, which in turn disclose its etiology. These findings will pave the way for examinations of the regulatory mechanisms involved in dyslipidemias. Hamsters were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet. Some of the NFD-fed animals were further treated with the hyperlipidemic agent Poloxamer 407. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to investigate progressive changes in unknown serum metabolites. The hepatic expression of putative biomarker-related genes was also analyzed. The serum levels of lysophospholipids (Lyso-PLs) and their related enzymes lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and paraoxonase-1 were altered in dyslipidemic hamsters. Lysophosphatidylcholine levels were increased in diet-induced dyslipidemic groups, whereas lysophosphatidylethanolamine levels increased in response to the chemical treatment. The liver was significantly involved in regulating the levels of these molecules, based on the modified expression of endothelial lipase (Lipg), sPLA2 (Pla2g2a) and acyltransferases (Lcat and Lpcat3). We concluded that Lyso-PL evaluation could aid in the comprehensive diagnosis and management of lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Suárez-García
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Del Bas
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain.
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, 43007, Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health. EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, 43204, Spain
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30
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Fernández-Castillejo S, García-Heredia AI, Solà R, Camps J, López de la Hazas MC, Farràs M, Pedret A, Catalán Ú, Rubió L, Motilva MJ, Castañer O, Covas MI, Valls RM. Phenol-enriched olive oils modify paraoxonase-related variables: A randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28544610 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Low paraoxonase (PON)1 activities, and high PON1 and low PON3 protein levels are characteristic of cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to assess short- and long-term effects of virgin olive oils (VOO), enriched with their own phenolic compounds (PC; FVOO) or with them plus complementary PC from thyme (FVOOT), on PON-related variables and the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Two randomized, controlled, double-blind, and crossover interventions were conducted. In an acute intake study, participants ingested three FVOOs differing in PC content. In a sustained intake study, participants ingested a control VOO and two different FVOOs with the same PC content but differing in PC source. Acute and sustained intake of VOO and FVOO decreased PON1 protein and increased PON1-associated specific activities, while FVOOT yielded opposite results. PON3 protein levels increased only after sustained consumption of VOO. Mechanistic studies performed in rat livers showed that intake of isolated PC from VOO and from thyme modulate mitogen-activated protein kinases and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors regulating PON synthesis, while a combination of these PCs cancels such regulation. CONCLUSION This study reveals that the intake of phenol-enriched FVOOs modulates oxidative balance by modifying PON-related variables according to PC content and source, and this modulation can be perceived as beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Marta Farràs
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research group, IMIM- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease (NFOC-SALUT) group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Ponce-Ruiz N, Murillo-González FE, Rojas-García AE, Mackness M, Bernal-Hernández YY, Barrón-Vivanco BS, González-Arias CA, Medina-Díaz IM. Transcriptional regulation of human Paraoxonase 1 by nuclear receptors. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:77-84. [PMID: 28223025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent lactonase synthesized primarily in the liver and secreted into the plasma, where it is associates with high density lipoproteins (HDL). PON1 acts as antioxidant preventing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process considered critical in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Additionally, PON1 hydrolyzes and detoxifies some toxic metabolites of organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Thus, PON1 activity and expression levels are important for determining susceptibility to OPs intoxication and risk of developing diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the modulation of PON1 expression by many factors is due to interaction with nuclear receptors (NRs). Here, we briefly review the studies in this area and discuss the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of PON1 expression, as well as how understanding these mechanisms may allow us to manipulate PON1 levels to improve drug efficacy and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ponce-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - F E Murillo-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - A E Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Mike Mackness
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Y Y Bernal-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - B S Barrón-Vivanco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - C A González-Arias
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - I M Medina-Díaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Nayarit, Mexico.
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32
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Wang B, Yang RN, Zhu YR, Xing JC, Lou XW, He YJ, Ding QL, Zhang MY, Qiu H. Involvement of xanthine oxidase and paraoxonase 1 in the process of oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:387-395. [PMID: 27959408 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XOD) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are important enzymes in redox reactions in vivo, and are predominantly synthesized by the liver. The aim of the present study was to investigate the redox state in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and determine the association between the activities of XOD and PON1 and the severity of NAFLD. Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model and α‑lipoic acid (high and low dose) groups. The rats in the NAFLD model were induced by feeding a high fat diet for 12 weeks and the in vitro cell model of hepatocyte steatosis was induced by treating L‑02 cells with oleic acid for 24 h. The body weight, liver function, lipid and oxidative stress indices, and histological features of the liver were examined in the rats. Compared with the control group, the rats in the NAFLD model group showed impaired liver function, lipid disorders and damage from oxidative stress. The serum activity of XOD increased significantly from the 4th week and was markedly higher, compared with that in the control group, reaching a peak in the 12th week. The activity of PON1 was negatively correlated with that of XOD. Compared with the control cells, the activity of XOD and levels of free‑fatty acids were significantly higher, and the activity of PON1 was significantly lower in the NAFLD L‑02 cell model. All the above indicators were significantly improved by treatment with the antioxidant, α‑lipoic acid. The activities of XOD and PON1 may be promising as markers in a noninvasive approach for detecting the severity of NAFLD clinically. α‑lipoic acid had protective effects on the NAFLD rats, and the potential mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 81 Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Ning Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 81 Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Rong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 81 Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 81 Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 81 Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 81 Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Long Ding
- Experimental and Teaching Center of Medical Basis for Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Central Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang, Henan 473000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA 81 Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Paraoxonase-1 and Simvastatin Treatment in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Vasc Med 2016; 2016:6312478. [PMID: 27213056 PMCID: PMC4860225 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6312478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is the crucial antioxidant marker of high-density lipoproteins. The present study is aimed at assessing the effect of simvastatin treatment on PON1 activity and its relationship to Q192R and M55L polymorphisms in subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. The patient group was composed of 53 individuals with stable CAD, and the control group included 53 sex-matched police officers without CAD. CAD patients were treated with simvastatin 40mg/day for 12 months. Respectively, flow mediated dilatation (FMD), serum hs-CRP and TNF-α levels, urinary 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations, and PON1 activity were evaluated in definitive intervals. Results. There was no effect of simvastatin treatment on urinary 8-iso-PGF2α. Simvastatin treatment significantly increased FMD value, decreased CRP and TNF-α concentration. After adjusting for PON1 genotypes, significantly higher PON1 activity was noted in the 192R allele carriers, in both groups. Regardless of genotype, PON1 activity remained stable after simvastatin treatment. Conclusions. The present study confirms a positive effect of simvastatin therapy on endothelial function and inflammatory markers in secondary prevention. Simvastatin treatment shows no effects on PON1 activity and 8-isoprostanes level. The effect of simvastatin therapy on PON1 activity is not modulated by Q192R and M55L polymorphisms.
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Association between alcohol consumption and serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities: a cross-sectional study within the Bavarian population. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:730-6. [PMID: 26769660 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for chronic disease and liver degeneration. Paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase (AE) are functions of the enzyme paraoxonase, which is synthesised by the liver. Paraoxonase circulates in plasma bound to HDL and hydrolyses lipid peroxides, protecting lipoproteins against oxidative modification. It has been shown that excessive alcohol consumption leads to a reduction of serum PON1 and AE activities; however, studies investigating the association with low and moderate alcohol consumption are scarce. We investigated the cross-sectional association between alcohol consumption and serum activities of PON1 and AE using data from the population-based Bavarian Food Consumption Survey II survey. PON1 and AE activities were quantified in serum samples of 566 male and female study participants (aged 18-80 years), and dietary intake including alcohol consumption was estimated from three 24-h dietary recalls. The association between alcohol consumption and PON1 and AE activities was analysed using linear regression, adjusted for age, sex and socio-economic status. There was no strong association between alcohol consumption and enzymatic activities of PON1 and AE in the Bavarian population. PON1 activity was seen to be lowest in non-drinkers (0 g/d) and highest in people who consumed 15·1-30 g of alcohol/d. AE activity increased across alcohol consumption categories, with a mean maximum difference of 14 U/ml (P for linear trend 0·04). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for blood concentrations of HDL. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that alcohol consumption is related to important alterations in PON1 and AE activities.
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35
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Ponce-Ruiz N, Rojas-García A, Barrón-Vivanco B, Elizondo G, Bernal-Hernández Y, Mejía-García A, Medina-Díaz I. Transcriptional regulation of human paraoxonase 1 by PXR and GR in human hepatoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:348-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Givvimani S, Kundu S, Pushpakumar S, Doyle V, Narayanan N, Winchester LJ, Veeranki S, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC. Hyperhomocysteinemia: a missing link to dysfunctional HDL via paraoxanase-1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:755-63. [PMID: 26176406 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxanase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme that contributes to the antioxidant and antiatherosclerotic properties of HDL. Lack of PON1 results in dysfunctional HDL. HHcy is a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, and instigates vascular dysfunction and ECM remodeling. Although studies have reported HHcy during atherosclerosis, the exact mechanism is unclear. Here, we hypothesize that dysfunctional HDL due to lack of PON1 contributes to endothelial impairment and atherogenesis through HHcy-induced ECM re-modeling. To verify this hypothesis, we used C57BL6/J and PON1 knockout mice (KO) and fed them an atherogenic diet. The expression of Akt, ADMA, and DDAH, as well as endothelial gap junction proteins such as Cx-37 and Cx-40 and eNOS was measured for vascular dysfunction and inflammation. We observed that cardiac function was decreased and plasma Hcy levels were increased in PON1 KO mice fed the atherogenic diet compared with the controls. Expression of Akt, eNOS, DDAH, Cx-37, and Cx-40 was decreased, and the expression of MMP-9 and ADMA was increased in PON1 KO mice fed an atherogenic diet compared with the controls. Our results suggest that HHcy plays an intricate role in dysfunctional HDL, owing to the lack of PON1. This contributes to vascular endothelial impairment and atherosclerosis through MMP-9-induced vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Givvimani
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Vivian Doyle
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nithya Narayanan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Lee J Winchester
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Naira Metreveli
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Calvo N, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Hernández-Aguilera A, Guirro M, Mariné-Casadó R, Millá L, Alegret JM, Sabench F, del Castillo D, Vinaixa M, Rodríguez M&A, Correig X, García-Álvarez R, Menendez JA, Camps J, Joven J. Liver fat deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction in morbid obesity: An approach combining metabolomics with liver imaging and histology. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7529-7544. [PMID: 26140000 PMCID: PMC4481449 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) for assessment of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) as compared with liver histological and metabolomics findings.
METHODS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery following procedures involved in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were recruited as a model of obesity-induced NAFLD in an observational, prospective, single-site, cross-sectional study with a pre-set duration of 1 year. Relevant data were obtained prospectively and surrogates for inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid and glucose metabolism were obtained through standard laboratory measurements. To provide reliable data from MRI and MRS, novel procedures were designed to limit sampling variability and other sources of error using a 1.5T Signa HDx scanner and protocols acquired from the 3D or 2D Fat SAT FIESTA prescription manager. We used our previously described 1H NMR-based metabolomics assays. Data were obtained immediately before surgery and after a 12-mo period including histology of the liver and measurement of metabolites. Values from 1H NMR spectra obtained after surgery were omitted due to technical limitations.
RESULTS: MRI data showed excellent correlation with the concentration of liver triglycerides, other hepatic lipid components and the histological assessment, which excluded the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MRI was sufficient to follow up NAFLD in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and data suggest usefulness in other clinical situations. The information provided by MRS replicated that obtained by MRI using the -CH3 peak (0.9 ppm), the -CH2- peak (1.3 ppm, mostly triglyceride) and the
-CH=CH- peak (2.2 ppm). No patient depicted NASH. After surgery all patients significantly decreased their body weight and steatosis was virtually absent even in patients with previous severe disease. Improvement was also observed in the serum concentrations of selected variables. The most relevant findings using metabolomics indicate increased levels of triglyceride and monounsaturated fatty acids in severe steatosis but those results were accompanied by a significant depletion of diglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, glucose-6-phosphate and the ATP/AMP ratio. Combined data indicated the coordinated action on mitochondrial fat oxidation and glucose transport activity and may support the consideration of NAFLD as a likely mitochondrial disease. This concept may help to explain the dissociation between excess lipid storage in adipose tissue and NAFLD and may direct the search for plasma biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies. A limitation of our study is that data were obtained in a relatively low number of patients.
CONCLUSION: MRI is sufficient to stage NAFLD in obese patients and to assess the improvement after bariatric surgery. Other data were superfluous for this purpose.
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Sepúlveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, García-Heredia A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Fort-Gallifa I, Martín-Paredero V, Joven J, Camps J. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases and chemokines in arteries of patients with peripheral artery disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11323-38. [PMID: 25993297 PMCID: PMC4463702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to lipids and lipoproteins is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The paraoxonases (PON) are a group of antioxidant enzymes, termed PON1, PON2, and PON3 that protect lipoproteins and cells from peroxidation and, as such, may be involved in protection against the atherosclerosis process. PON1 inhibits the production of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in endothelial cells incubated with oxidized lipoproteins. PON1 and CCL2 are ubiquitously distributed in tissues, and this suggests a joint localization and combined systemic effect. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the quantitative immunohistochemical localization of PON1, PON3, CCL2 and CCL2 receptors in a series of patients with severe PAD. Portions of femoral and/or popliteal arteries from 66 patients with PAD were obtained during surgical procedures for infra-inguinal limb revascularization. We used eight normal arteries from donors as controls. PON1 and PON3, CCL2 and the chemokine-binding protein 2, and Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor, were increased in PAD patients. There were no significant changes in C–C chemokine receptor type 2. Our findings suggest that paraoxonases and chemokines play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Julio Sepúlveda
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Maria Guirro
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Jordi Camps
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
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El-Sayed YS, Lebda MA, Hassinin M, Neoman SA. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root extract regulates the oxidative status and antioxidant gene transcripts in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121549. [PMID: 25807561 PMCID: PMC4373694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Cichorium intybus root extract (chicory extract) to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity was evaluated in male rats. The rats were divided into four groups according to treatment: saline (control); chicory extract (100 mg/kg body weight daily, given orally for 2 weeks); CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight by intraperitoneal injection for 2 consecutive days only); or chicory extract (100 mg/kg body weight daily for 2 weeks) + CCl4 injection on days 16 and 17. The levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and molecular biomarkers were estimated twenty-four hours after the last CCl4 injection. Pretreatment with chicory extract significantly reduced CCl4-induced elevation of malondialdehyde levels and nearly normalized levels of glutathione and activity of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, catalase (CAT), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and arylesterase in the liver. Chicory extract also attenuated CCl4-induced downregulation of hepatic mRNA expression levels of GPx1, CAT and PON1 genes. Results of DNA fragmentation support the ability of chicory extract to ameliorate CCl4-induced liver toxicity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that chicory extract is rich in natural antioxidants and able to attenuate CCl4-induced hepatocellular injury, likely by scavenging reactive free radicals, boosting the endogenous antioxidant defense system, and overexpressing genes encoding antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S. El-Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Lebda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hassinin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Saad A. Neoman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Rull A, Hernandez-Aguilera A, Fibla M, Sepulveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Sirvent JJ, Martín-Paredero V, Menendez JA, Camps J, Joven J. Understanding the role of circulating chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 in patients with chronic ischemia threatening the lower extremities. Vasc Med 2014; 19:442-51. [PMID: 25336430 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14554034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in peripheral artery disease is unclear. We measured the difference between serum and plasma levels of CCL2 in patients with chronic ischemia threatening the lower extremities following the observation that atypical chemokine receptors in blood and tissue cells may prevent CCL2 from entering the circulation and consequently modulate its function of attracting monocytes to the site of lesion. To identify the influence of CCL2, we compared the patients' values to those in bio-banked samples from a control population. Further, we explored the association with the Asp42Gly polymorphism (rs12075) in Duffy antigen chemokine receptor; one of these atypical chemokine receptors. When possible, we evaluated in surgically excised normal and affected arteries the calcium burden as well as the expression of CCL2 and related receptors reflecting the inflammatory status. Our findings indicate that circulating CCL2 was significantly associated with the severity and presence of the disease (OR 0.966, 95% CI 0.944 to 0.988, p = 0.003). Circulating CCL2 was dependent on the rs12075 genotype (AA>AG>GG), which, probably, indicates a higher expression of chemokine receptor in the arteries of AA subjects. The associations with genetic variants and the over-expression of atypical chemokine receptors in diseased arteries may have potential implications and our data indicate that CCL2 may represent a previously unrecognized factor that needs to be considered in the screening of patients with risk factors for peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernandez-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fibla
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Sepulveda
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Juan J Sirvent
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation underpin most diseases; their mechanisms are inextricably linked. Chronic inflammation is associated with oxidation, anti-inflammatory cascades are linked to decreased oxidation, increased oxidative stress triggers inflammation, and redox balance inhibits the inflammatory cellular response. Whether or not oxidative stress and inflammation represent the cause or consequence of cellular pathology, they contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of noncommunicable diseases (NCD). The incidence of obesity and other related metabolic disturbances are increasing, as are age-related diseases due to a progressively aging population. Relationships between oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and metabolism are, in the broad sense of energy transformation, being increasingly recognized as part of the problem in NCD. In this chapter, we summarize the pathologic consequences of an imbalance between circulating and cellular paraoxonases, the system for scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species and circulating chemokines. They act as inducers of migration and infiltration of immune cells in target tissues as well as in the pathogenesis of disease that perturbs normal metabolic function. This disruption involves pathways controlling lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as metabolically driven chronic inflammatory states that encompass several response pathways. Dysfunction in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria represents an important feature of chronic disease linked to oxidation and inflammation seen as self-reinforcing in NCD. Therefore, correct management requires a thorough understanding of these relationships and precise interpretation of laboratory test results.
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42
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Kim MJ, Jeong HJ, Kim DW, Sohn EJ, Jo HS, Kim DS, Kim HA, Park EY, Park JH, Son O, Han KH, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. PEP-1-PON1 protein regulates inflammatory response in raw 264.7 macrophages and ameliorates inflammation in a TPA-induced animal model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86034. [PMID: 24465855 PMCID: PMC3900452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme which plays a central role in various diseases. However, the mechanism and function of PON1 protein in inflammation are poorly understood. Since PON1 protein alone cannot be delivered into cells, we generated a cell permeable PEP-1-PON1 protein using protein transduction domains, and examined whether it can protect against cell death in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated Raw 264.7 cells as well as mice with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation. We demonstrated that PEP-1-PON1 protein transduced into Raw 264.7 cells and markedly protected against LPS or H2O2-induced cell death by inhibiting cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, the inflammatory mediator’s expression, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, topically applied PEP-1-PON1 protein ameliorates TPA-treated mice skin inflammation via a reduction of inflammatory response. Our results indicate that PEP-1-PON1 protein plays a key role in inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we suggest that PEP-1-PON1 protein may provide a potential protein therapy against oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Hoon Jae Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Sohn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-Si, Chungcheonnamdo, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyongchon, Kyunggido, Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ora Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Han
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
- * E-mail: (WSE); (SYC)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon, Gangwondo, Korea
- * E-mail: (WSE); (SYC)
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Mariné-Casadó R, Rull A, Beltrán-Debón R, Luciano-Mateo F, Menendez JA, Vazquez-Martin A, Sirvent JJ, Martín-Paredero V, Corbí AL, Sierra-Filardi E, Aragonès G, García-Heredia A, Camps J, Alonso-Villaverde C, Joven J. Ubiquitous transgenic overexpression of C-C chemokine ligand 2: a model to assess the combined effect of high energy intake and continuous low-grade inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:953841. [PMID: 24453432 PMCID: PMC3876923 DOI: 10.1155/2013/953841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy management leads to low-grade, chronic inflammation, which is a significant factor predicting noncommunicable diseases. In turn, inflammation, oxidation, and metabolism are associated with the course of these diseases; mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be at the crossroads of mutual relationships. The migration of immune cells during inflammation is governed by the interaction between chemokines and chemokine receptors. Chemokines, especially C-C-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), have a variety of additional functions that are involved in the maintenance of normal metabolism. It is our hypothesis that a ubiquitous and continuous secretion of CCL2 may represent an animal model of low-grade chronic inflammation that, in the presence of an energy surplus, could help to ascertain the afore-mentioned relationships and/or to search for specific therapeutic approaches. Here, we present preliminary data on a mouse model created by using targeted gene knock-in technology to integrate an additional copy of the CCl2 gene in the Gt(ROSA)26Sor locus of the mouse genome via homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Short-term dietary manipulations were assessed and the findings include metabolic disturbances, premature death, and the manipulation of macrophage plasticity and autophagy. These results raise a number of mechanistic questions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Avda de Francia s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Martin
- Catalan Institute of Oncology and Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Avda de Francia s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Juan J. Sirvent
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, C/ Dr. Mallafrè Guasch 4, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Angel L. Corbí
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sierra-Filardi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Villaverde
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Sant Pau i Santa Tecla, Rambla Vella 14, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Spain
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Omara EA, Sleem AA. Effect of ketamine on oxidative stress following lipopolysaccharide administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-013-1854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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Cheng CC, Hsueh CM, Chen CY, Chen TH, Hsu SL. Interleukin-6 upregulates paraoxonase 1 gene expression via an AKT/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:55-61. [PMID: 23791833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and atherosclerosis-related inflammation. In this study, human hepatoma HepG2 cell line was used as a hepatocyte model to examine the effects of the pro-inflammatory cytokines on PON1 expression. The results showed that IL-6, but not TNF-α and IL-1β, significantly increased both the function and protein level of PON1; data from real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the IL-6-induced PON1 expression occurred at the transcriptional level. Increase of IκB kinase activity and IκB phosphorylation, and reduction of IκB protein level were also observed in IL-6-treated HepG2 cells compared with untreated culture. This event was accompanied by increase of NF-κB-p50 and -p65 nuclear translocation. Moreover, treatment with IL-6 augmented the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB activation by PDTC and BAY 11-7082, markedly suppressed the IL-6-mediated PON1 expression. In addition, IL-6 increased the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (PKB, AKT). An AKT inhibitor LY294002 effectively suppressed IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling and PON1 gene expression induced by IL-6. Our findings demonstrate that IL-6 upregulates PON1 gene expression through an AKT/NF-κB signaling axis in human hepatocyte-derived HepG2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Cheng
- Department of Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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46
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Paraoxonase-1 inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced metabolic alterations and apoptosis in endothelial cells: a nondirected metabolomic study. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:156053. [PMID: 23766557 PMCID: PMC3674710 DOI: 10.1155/2013/156053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the influence of PON1 on metabolic alterations induced by oxidized LDL when incubated with endothelial cells. HUVEC cells were incubated with native LDL, oxidized LDL, oxidized LDL plus HDL from wild type mice, and oxidized LDL plus HDL from PON1-deficient mice. Results showed alterations in carbohydrate and phospholipid metabolism and increased apoptosis in cells incubated with oxidized LDL. These changes were partially prevented by wild type mouse HDL, but the effects were less effective with HDL from PON1-deficient mice. Our results suggest that PON1 may play a significant role in endothelial cell survival by protecting cells from alterations in the respiratory chain induced by oxidized LDL. These results extend current knowledge on the protective role of HDL and PON1 against oxidation and apoptosis in endothelial cells.
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47
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Extra-virgin olive oil consumption reduces the age-related decrease in HDL and paraoxonase 1 anti-inflammatory activities. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:1272-84. [PMID: 23510814 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is associated with HDL and modulates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of HDL. The goals of the present study were to investigate the effect of ageing and the role of PON1 on the anti-inflammatory activity of HDL, and to determine whether extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption could improve the atheroprotective activity of HDL. HDL and PON1 were isolated from the plasma of ten young (Y-HDL and Y-PON1) and ten elderly (E-HDL and E-PON1) healthy volunteers before and after 12 weeks of EVOO consumption. Inflammation was assessed by measuring intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. THP-1 (human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line) monocyte chemotaxis was measured using a Boyden chamber. Oxidative damage to HDL was assessed by measuring conjugated diene formation and changes in electrophoretic migration. Y-HDL had more anti-inflammatory activity than E-HDL. The conjugated diene content and the electrophoretic mobility of E-HDL were higher than those of Y-HDL. Y-PON1 had significant anti-inflammatory activity, reducing ICAM-1 expression by 32·64 (SD 2·63)%, while E-PON1 had no significant effect. THP-1 chemotaxis measurements confirmed the ICAM-1 expression results. The 12 weeks of EVOO consumption significantly increased the anti-inflammatory activities of both HDL and PON1. The anti-inflammatory activity of HDL was modulated by PON1 and was lower in the elderly volunteers. EVOO consumption increased the anti-inflammatory effect of HDL and reduced the age-related decrease in anti-atherogenic activity.
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48
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Martinelli N, García-Heredia A, Roca H, Aranda N, Arija V, Mackness B, Mackness M, Busti F, Aragonès G, Pedro-Botet J, Pedica F, Cataldo I, Marsillach J, Joven J, Girelli D, Camps J. Paraoxonase-1 status in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1484-92. [PMID: 23471031 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p028977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by accumulation of iron, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrogenesis in liver tissue. In this setting, research on the protection afforded by intracellular antioxidants is of clinical relevance. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an enzyme that degrades lipid peroxides. This study investigates the alterations in serum PON1 status, PON1 gene polymorphisms, and PON1 hepatic expression in patients with HH. We performed a case-control study in 77 patients with HH (80.5% men, 22-70 years of age) and 408 healthy individuals (43.1% men, 26-74 years of age). Serum PON1 activities against different substrates and PON1192 and PON155 polymorphisms were analyzed. PON1 protein expression was investigated in 20 liver biopsies. HH patients had significantly lower serum PON1 activity, which was inversely correlated with ferritin (marker of iron stores) and serum 8-isoprostane concentrations (index of oxidative stress). PON1 protein expression in liver tissue was higher in patients and showed stronger staining in hepatocytes surrounding the areas of inflammation. Our study provides preliminary evidence that PON1 may play a role in protecting against iron-induced oxidative stress in hereditary hemochromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
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49
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Huang C, Wang Y, Liu S, Ding G, Liu W, Zhou J, Kuang M, Ji Y, Kondo T, Fan J. Quantitative proteomic analysis identified paraoxonase 1 as a novel serum biomarker for microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1838-46. [PMID: 23442176 DOI: 10.1021/pr3011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify serum biomarkers for microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MVI is a histological sign of micrometastasis in the liver and is considered as one of the most powerful prognostic factors in HCC. The serum of HCC patients with different vascular invasion statuses was examined by iTRAQ-based proteomic profiling. The expression levels of 24 proteins were associated with the extent of vascular invasion in the pooled samples of 45 HCC cases. Western blot analyses in 90 HCC cases confirmed the correlation of the expression level of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) with the extent of vascular invasion. ELISA assays demonstrated the diagnostic utility of the PON1 level, with the area under curve values of 0.847 and 0.889 for the MVI and gross vascular invasion, respectively, relative to the patients without vascular invasion, in a cohort of 387 additional HCC cases. Immunohistochemistry revealed that PON1 expression in tumor cells was inversely correlated with the extent of vascular invasion in 200 additional HCC cases. In conclusion, using a proteomic approach, we found that serum PON1 was a novel diagnostic biomarker for MVI. The prognostic values of serum PON1 and its possible therapeutic applications are worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University , Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Kim DS, Burt AA, Crosslin DR, Robertson PD, Ranchalis JE, Boyko EJ, Nickerson DA, Furlong CE, Jarvik GP. Novel common and rare genetic determinants of paraoxonase activity: FTO, SERPINA12, and ITGAL. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:552-60. [PMID: 23160181 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p033266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity is associated with cardiovascular and other human diseases. As the role of genetic variants outside of the PON gene cluster on PON1 activity is unknown, we sought to identify common and rare variants in such loci. We typed 33,057 variants on the CVD chip in 1,362 subjects to test for their effects on adjusted-PON1 activity. Three novel genes (FTO, ITGAL, and SERPINA12) and the PON gene cluster had SNPs associated with PON1 arylesterase (AREase) activity. These loci were carried forward for rare-variant analysis using Exome chip genotypes in an overlapping subset of 1,051 subjects using sequence kernel association testing. PON1 (P = 2.24 × 10(-4)), PON3 (P = 0.022), FTO (P = 0.019), and SERPINA12 (P = 0.039) had both common and rare variants associated with PON1 AREase. ITGAL variants were associated with PON1 activity when using weighted sequence kernel association testing (SKAT) analysis (P = 2.63 × 10(-3)). When adjusting for the initial common variants, SERPINA12 became marginally significant (P = 0.09), whereas all other findings remained significant (P < 0.05), suggesting independent rare-variant effects. We present novel findings that common and rare variants in FTO, SERPINA12, and ITGAL predict PON1 activity. These results further link PON1 to diabetes and inflammation and may inform the role of HDL in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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