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Casanova R, Walker KA, Justice JN, Anderson A, Duggan MR, Cordon J, Barnard RT, Lu L, Hsu FC, Sedaghat S, Prizment A, Kritchevsky SB, Wagenknecht LE, Hughes TM. Associations of plasma proteomics and age-related outcomes with brain age in a diverse cohort. GeroScience 2024; 46:3861-3873. [PMID: 38438772 PMCID: PMC11226584 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine learning models are increasingly being used to estimate "brain age" from neuroimaging data. The gap between chronological age and the estimated brain age gap (BAG) is potentially a measure of accelerated and resilient brain aging. Brain age calculated in this fashion has been shown to be associated with mortality, measures of physical function, health, and disease. Here, we estimate the BAG using a voxel-based elastic net regression approach, and then, we investigate its associations with mortality, cognitive status, and measures of health and disease in participants from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who had a brain MRI at visit 5 of the study. Finally, we used the SOMAscan assay containing 4877 proteins to examine the proteomic associations with the MRI-defined BAG. Among N = 1849 participants (age, 76.4 (SD 5.6)), we found that increased values of BAG were strongly associated with increased mortality and increased severity of the cognitive status. Strong associations with mortality persisted when the analyses were performed in cognitively normal participants. In addition, it was strongly associated with BMI, diabetes, measures of physical function, hypertension, prevalent heart disease, and stroke. Finally, we found 33 proteins associated with BAG after a correction for multiple comparisons. The top proteins with positive associations to brain age were growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), Sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF, and pentraxin domain-containing protein 1 (SEVP 1), matrilysin (MMP7), ADAMTS-like protein 2 (ADAMTS), and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B (HSPA1B) while EGF-receptor (EGFR), mast/stem-cell-growth-factor-receptor (KIT), coagulation-factor-VII, and cGMP-dependent-protein-kinase-1 (PRKG1) were negatively associated to brain age. Several of these proteins were previously associated with dementia in ARIC. These results suggest that circulating proteins implicated in biological aging, cellular senescence, angiogenesis, and coagulation are associated with a neuroimaging measure of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | | | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Anderson
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan T Barnard
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lingyi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sanaz Sedaghat
- School of Public Health, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anna Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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2
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Flint JP, Welstead M, Cox SR, Russ TC, Marshall A, Luciano M. Validation of a polygenic risk score for frailty in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 and English longitudinal study of ageing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12586. [PMID: 38822050 PMCID: PMC11143351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a complex trait. Twin studies and high-powered Genome Wide Association Studies conducted in the UK Biobank have demonstrated a strong genetic basis of frailty. The present study utilized summary statistics from a Genome Wide Association Study on the Frailty Index to create and test the predictive power of frailty polygenic risk scores (PRS) in two independent samples - the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) aged 67-84 years. Multiple regression models were built to test the predictive power of frailty PRS at five time points. Frailty PRS significantly predicted frailty, measured via the FI, at all-time points in LBC1936 and ELSA, explaining 2.1% (β = 0.15, 95%CI, 0.085-0.21) and 1.8% (β = 0.14, 95%CI, 0.10-0.17) of the variance, respectively, at age ~ 68/ ~ 70 years (p < 0.001). This work demonstrates that frailty PRS can predict frailty in two independent cohorts, particularly at early ages (~ 68/ ~ 70). PRS have the potential to be valuable instruments for identifying those at risk for frailty and could be important for controlling for genetic confounders in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Flint
- Advanced Care Research Centre, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - M Welstead
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Marshall
- Advanced Care Research Centre, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Baranyi G, Buchanan CR, Conole ELS, Backhouse EV, Maniega SM, Valdés Hernández MDC, Bastin ME, Wardlaw J, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Pearce J. Life-course neighbourhood deprivation and brain structure in older adults: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02591-9. [PMID: 38773266 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Neighbourhood disadvantage may be associated with brain health but the importance of exposure at different stages of the life course is poorly understood. Utilising the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, we explored the relationship between residential neighbourhood deprivation from birth to late adulthood, and global and local neuroimaging measures at age 73. A total of 689 participants had at least one valid brain measures (53% male); to maximise the sample size structural equation models with full information maximum likelihood were conducted. Residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in mid- to late adulthood was associated with smaller total brain (β = -0.06; SE = 0.02; sample size[N] = 658; number of pairwise complete observations[n]=390), grey matter (β = -0.11; SE = 0.03; N = 658; n = 390), and normal-appearing white matter volumes (β = -0.07; SE = 0.03; N = 658; n = 390), thinner cortex (β = -0.14; SE = 0.06; N = 636; n = 379), and lower general white matter fractional anisotropy (β = -0.19; SE = 0.06; N = 665; n = 388). We also found some evidence on the accumulating impact of neighbourhood deprivation from birth to late adulthood on age 73 total brain (β = -0.06; SE = 0.02; N = 658; n = 276) and grey matter volumes (β = -0.10; SE = 0.04; N = 658; n = 276). Local analysis identified affected focal cortical areas and specific white matter tracts. Among individuals belonging to lower social classes, the brain-neighbourhood associations were particularly strong, with the impact of neighbourhood deprivation on total brain and grey matter volumes, and general white matter fractional anisotropy accumulating across the life course. Our findings suggest that living in deprived neighbourhoods across the life course, but especially in mid- to late adulthood, is associated with adverse brain morphologies, with lower social class amplifying the vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Colin R Buchanan
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor L S Conole
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ellen V Backhouse
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - María Del C Valdés Hernández
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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4
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Hillary RF, Ng HK, McCartney DL, Elliott HR, Walker RM, Campbell A, Huang F, Direk K, Welsh P, Sattar N, Corley J, Hayward C, McIntosh AM, Sudlow C, Evans KL, Cox SR, Chambers JC, Loh M, Relton CL, Marioni RE, Yousefi PD, Suderman M. Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of chronic low-grade inflammation across diverse population cohorts. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100544. [PMID: 38692281 PMCID: PMC11099341 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of age-related disease states. The effectiveness of inflammatory proteins including C-reactive protein (CRP) in assessing long-term inflammation is hindered by their phasic nature. DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures of CRP may act as more reliable markers of chronic inflammation. We show that inter-individual differences in DNAm capture 50% of the variance in circulating CRP (N = 17,936, Generation Scotland). We develop a series of DNAm predictors of CRP using state-of-the-art algorithms. An elastic-net-regression-based predictor outperformed competing methods and explained 18% of phenotypic variance in the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936 (LBC1936) cohort, doubling that of existing DNAm predictors. DNAm predictors performed comparably in four additional test cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Health for Life in Singapore, Southall and Brent Revisited, and LBC1921), including for individuals of diverse genetic ancestry and different age groups. The best-performing predictor surpassed assay-measured CRP and a genetic score in its associations with 26 health outcomes. Our findings forge new avenues for assessing chronic low-grade inflammation in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hong Kiat Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannah R Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Felicia Huang
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Kenan Direk
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, Health Data Research UK, London NW1 2BE, UK; Health Data Research UK, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK; National Skin Centre, Singapore 308205, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Paul D Yousefi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK.
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK.
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5
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Moodie JE, Harris SE, Harris MA, Buchanan CR, Davies G, Taylor A, Redmond P, Liewald DCM, Valdés Hernández MDC, Shenkin S, Russ TC, Muñoz Maniega S, Luciano M, Corley J, Stolicyn A, Shen X, Steele D, Waiter G, Sandu A, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, McIntosh A, Whalley H, Tucker‐Drob EM, Deary IJ, Cox SR. General and specific patterns of cortical gene expression as spatial correlates of complex cognitive functioning. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26641. [PMID: 38488470 PMCID: PMC10941541 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene expression varies across the brain. This spatial patterning denotes specialised support for particular brain functions. However, the way that a given gene's expression fluctuates across the brain may be governed by general rules. Quantifying patterns of spatial covariation across genes would offer insights into the molecular characteristics of brain areas supporting, for example, complex cognitive functions. Here, we use principal component analysis to separate general and unique gene regulatory associations with cortical substrates of cognition. We find that the region-to-region variation in cortical expression profiles of 8235 genes covaries across two major principal components: gene ontology analysis suggests these dimensions are characterised by downregulation and upregulation of cell-signalling/modification and transcription factors. We validate these patterns out-of-sample and across different data processing choices. Brain regions more strongly implicated in general cognitive functioning (g; 3 cohorts, total meta-analytic N = 39,519) tend to be more balanced between downregulation and upregulation of both major components (indicated by regional component scores). We then identify a further 29 genes as candidate cortical spatial correlates of g, beyond the patterning of the two major components (|β| range = 0.18 to 0.53). Many of these genes have been previously associated with clinical neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, or with other health-related phenotypes. The results provide insights into the cortical organisation of gene expression and its association with individual differences in cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E. Moodie
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Mathew A. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Colin R. Buchanan
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - David C. M. Liewald
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Maria del C. Valdés Hernández
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Susan Shenkin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
- Ageing and Health Research Group, Usher InstituteUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research CentreUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Douglas Steele
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
| | - Gordon Waiter
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
| | - Anca‐Larisa Sandu
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | | | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of PsychologyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) CollaborationEdinburghUK
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6
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Askew KE, Beverley J, Sigfridsson E, Szymkowiak S, Emelianova K, Dando O, Hardingham GE, Duncombe J, Hennessy E, Koudelka J, Samarasekera N, Salman RAS, Smith C, Tavares AAS, Gomez-Nicola D, Kalaria RN, McColl BW, Horsburgh K. Inhibiting CSF1R alleviates cerebrovascular white matter disease and cognitive impairment. Glia 2024; 72:375-395. [PMID: 37909242 PMCID: PMC10952452 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
White matter abnormalities, related to poor cerebral perfusion, are a core feature of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, and critical determinants of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Despite this importance there is a lack of treatment options. Proliferation of microglia producing an expanded, reactive population and associated neuroinflammatory alterations have been implicated in the onset and progression of cerebrovascular white matter disease, in patients and in animal models, suggesting that targeting microglial proliferation may exert protection. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key regulator of microglial proliferation. We found that the expression of CSF1R/Csf1r and other markers indicative of increased microglial abundance are significantly elevated in damaged white matter in human cerebrovascular disease and in a clinically relevant mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular cognitive impairment. Using the mouse model, we investigated long-term pharmacological CSF1R inhibition, via GW2580, and demonstrated that the expansion of microglial numbers in chronic hypoperfused white matter is prevented. Transcriptomic analysis of hypoperfused white matter tissue showed enrichment of microglial and inflammatory gene sets, including phagocytic genes that were the predominant expression modules modified by CSF1R inhibition. Further, CSF1R inhibition attenuated hypoperfusion-induced white matter pathology and rescued spatial learning impairments and to a lesser extent cognitive flexibility. Overall, this work suggests that inhibition of CSF1R and microglial proliferation mediates protection against chronic cerebrovascular white matter pathology and cognitive deficits. Our study nominates CSF1R as a target for the treatment of vascular cognitive disorders with broader implications for treatment of other chronic white matter diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Askew
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joshua Beverley
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma Sigfridsson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Szymkowiak
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katherine Emelianova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edel Hennessy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neshika Samarasekera
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rustam Al-Shahi Salman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriana A S Tavares
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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7
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Chan BCL, Luciano M, Lee B. A Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity and Personality in the Wellbeing of Older Adults. J Aging Health 2023:8982643231206222. [PMID: 37837410 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231206222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examines the interactions of physical activity and personality traits in the subjective wellbeing (SWB) of older adults. Methods: 520 Scottish participants (262 male; 258 female) completed self-reported surveys measuring their level of physical activity, personality, and SWB in 2011-2013 (mean age = 76.23 ± .68) and in 2014-2016 (mean age = 79.31 ± .62). Results: While all of the Big Five personality traits predicted SWB across the 3-year period in the expected direction, neither physical activity nor its joint effect with any of the personality traits was a significant predictor of subsequent SWB. Discussion: Further research on older adults with higher variation in age, exercise level, and cultural background is needed to disentangle how physical activity and personality influence SWB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Billy Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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8
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Moodie JE, Harris SE, Harris MA, Buchanan CR, Davies G, Taylor A, Redmond P, Liewald D, Del C Valdés Hernández M, Shenkin S, Russ TC, Muñoz Maniega S, Luciano M, Corley J, Stolicyn A, Shen X, Steele D, Waiter G, Sandu-Giuraniuc A, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, McIntosh A, Whalley H, Tucker-Drob EM, Deary IJ, Cox SR. General and specific patterns of cortical gene expression as spatial correlates of complex cognitive functioning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532915. [PMID: 36993650 PMCID: PMC10055068 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression varies across the brain. This spatial patterning denotes specialised support for particular brain functions. However, the way that a given gene's expression fluctuates across the brain may be governed by general rules. Quantifying patterns of spatial covariation across genes would offer insights into the molecular characteristics of brain areas supporting, for example, complex cognitive functions. Here, we use principal component analysis to separate general and unique gene regulatory associations with cortical substrates of cognition. We find that the region-to-region variation in cortical expression profiles of 8235 genes covaries across two major principal components : gene ontology analysis suggests these dimensions are characterised by downregulation and upregulation of cell-signalling/modification and transcription factors. We validate these patterns out-of-sample and across different data processing choices. Brain regions more strongly implicated in general cognitive functioning (g; 3 cohorts, total meta-analytic N = 39,519) tend to be more balanced between downregulation and upregulation of both major components (indicated by regional component scores). We then identify a further 41 genes as candidate cortical spatial correlates of g, beyond the patterning of the two major components (|β| range = 0.15 to 0.53). Many of these genes have been previously associated with clinical neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, or with other health-related phenotypes. The results provide insights into the cortical organisation of gene expression and its association with individual differences in cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Moodie
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathew A Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R Buchanan
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Liewald
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Del C Valdés Hernández
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Shenkin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Ageing and Health Research Group, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Douglas Steele
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gordon Waiter
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anca Sandu-Giuraniuc
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heather Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
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9
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Otero MG, Bell S, Laperle AH, Lawless G, Myers Z, Castro MA, Villalba JM, Svendsen CN. Organ-Chips Enhance the Maturation of Human iPSC-Derived Dopamine Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14227. [PMID: 37762529 PMCID: PMC10531789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While cells in the human body function in an environment where the blood supply constantly delivers nutrients and removes waste, cells in conventional tissue culture well platforms are grown with a static pool of media above them and often lack maturity, limiting their utility to study cell biology in health and disease. In contrast, organ-chip microfluidic systems allow the growth of cells under constant flow, more akin to the in vivo situation. Here, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells into dopamine neurons and assessed cellular properties in conventional multi-well cultures and organ-chips. We show that organ-chip cultures, compared to multi-well cultures, provide an overall greater proportion and homogeneity of dopaminergic neurons as well as increased levels of maturation markers. These organ-chips are an ideal platform to study mature dopamine neurons to better understand their biology in health and ultimately in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Clive N. Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.G.O.)
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10
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Felsky D, Cannitelli A, Pipitone J. Whole Person Modeling: a transdisciplinary approach to mental health research. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:16. [PMID: 37638348 PMCID: PMC10449734 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The growing global burden of mental illness has prompted calls for innovative research strategies. Theoretical models of mental health include complex contributions of biological, psychosocial, experiential, and other environmental influences. Accordingly, neuropsychiatric research has self-organized into largely isolated disciplines working to decode each individual contribution. However, research directly modeling objective biological measurements in combination with cognitive, psychological, demographic, or other environmental measurements is only now beginning to proliferate. This review aims to (1) to describe the landscape of modern mental health research and current movement towards integrative study, (2) to provide a concrete framework for quantitative integrative research, which we call Whole Person Modeling, (3) to explore existing and emerging techniques and methods used in Whole Person Modeling, and (4) to discuss our observations about the scarcity, potential value, and untested aspects of highly transdisciplinary research in general. Whole Person Modeling studies have the potential to provide a better understanding of multilevel phenomena, deliver more accurate diagnostic and prognostic tests to aid in clinical decision making, and test long standing theoretical models of mental illness. Some current barriers to progress include challenges with interdisciplinary communication and collaboration, systemic cultural barriers to transdisciplinary career paths, technical challenges in model specification, bias, and data harmonization, and gaps in transdisciplinary educational programs. We hope to ease anxiety in the field surrounding the often mysterious and intimidating world of transdisciplinary, data-driven mental health research and provide a useful orientation for students or highly specialized researchers who are new to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Felsky
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Alyssa Cannitelli
- Krembil Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jon Pipitone
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
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11
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Mullin DS, Gadd D, Russ TC, Luciano M, Muniz-Terrera G. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome trajectories and incident dementia over 10 years. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 5:100178. [PMID: 38162293 PMCID: PMC10757175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome is a high-risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults characterised by measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints. The recent addition to the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 of robust dementia outcomes enabled us to assess the prognostic value of MCR for dementia and explore the various trajectories of participants diagnosed with MCR. Methods We classified 680 community-dwelling participants free from dementia into non-MCR or MCR groups at mean [SD] age 76.3 [0.8] years. We used Cox and competing risk regression methods, adjusted for potential confounders, to evaluate the risk of developing all-cause incident dementia over 10 years of follow-up. Secondarily, we followed the trajectories for individuals with and without MCR at baseline and categorised them into subgroups based on whether MCR was still present at the next research wave, three years later. Results The presence of MCR increased the risk of incident dementia (adjusted HR 2.34, 95%CI 1.14-4.78, p = 0.020), as did fewer years of education and higher depression symptoms. However, MCR has a heterogenous progression trajectory. The MCR progression subgroups each have different prognostic values for incident dementia. Conclusion MCR showed similar prognostic ability for dementia in a Scottish cohort as for other populations. MCR could identify a target group for early interventions of modifiable risk factors to prevent incident dementia. This study illustrates the heterogeneous nature of MCR progression. Exploring the underlying reasons will be important work in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donncha S. Mullin
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danni Gadd
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
- Optima Partners, Edinburgh EH2 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Ohio University Osteopathic College of Medicine, Ohio University, USA
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12
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Aribisala BS, Valdés Hernández MDC, Okely JA, Cox SR, Ballerini L, Dickie DA, Wiseman SJ, Riha RL, Muñoz Maniega S, Radakovic R, Taylor A, Pattie A, Corley J, Redmond P, Bastin ME, Deary I, Wardlaw JM. Sleep quality, perivascular spaces and brain health markers in ageing - A longitudinal study in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Sleep Med 2023; 106:123-131. [PMID: 37005116 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is thought to play a major role in brain health and general wellbeing. However, few longitudinal studies have explored the relationship between sleep habits and imaging markers of brain health, particularly markers of brain waste clearance such as perivascular spaces (PVS), of neurodegeneration such as brain atrophy, and of vascular disease, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We explore these associations using data collected over 6 years from a birth cohort of older community-dwelling adults in their 70s. METHOD We analysed brain MRI data from ages 73, 76 and 79 years, and self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality and vascular risk factors from community-dwelling participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study. We calculated sleep efficiency (at age 76), quantified PVS burden (at age 73), and WMH and brain volumes (age 73 to 79), calculated the white matter damage metric, and used structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore associations and potential causative pathways between indicators related to brain waste cleaning (i.e., sleep and PVS burden), brain and WMH volume changes during the 8th decade of life. RESULTS Lower sleep efficiency was associated with a reduction in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) volume (β = 0.204, P = 0.009) from ages 73 to 79, but not concurrent volume (i.e. age 76). Increased daytime sleep correlated with less night-time sleep (r = -0.20, P < 0.001), and with increasing white matter damage metric (β = -0.122, P = 0.018) and faster WMH growth (β = 0.116, P = 0.026). Shorter night-time sleep duration was associated with steeper 6-year reduction of NAWM volumes (β = 0.160, P = 0.011). High burden of PVS at age 73 (volume, count, and visual scores), was associated with faster deterioration in white matter: reduction of NAWM volume (β = -0.16, P = 0.012) and increasing white matter damage metric (β = 0.37, P < 0.001) between ages 73 and 79. On SEM, centrum semiovale PVS burden mediated 5% of the associations between sleep parameters and brain changes. CONCLUSION Sleep impairments, and higher PVS burden, a marker of impaired waste clearance, were associated with faster loss of healthy white matter and increasing WMH in the 8th decade of life. A small percentage of the effect of sleep in white matter health was mediated by the burden of PVS consistent with the proposed role for sleep in brain waste clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Aribisala
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Maria Del C Valdés Hernández
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith A Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stewart J Wiseman
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Renata L Riha
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Sleep Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ratko Radakovic
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Pattie
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, UK.
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13
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Mullin DS, Stirland LE, Buchanan E, Convery CA, Cox SR, Deary IJ, Giuntoli C, Greer H, Page D, Robertson E, Shenkin SD, Szalek A, Taylor A, Weatherdon G, Wilkinson T, Russ TC. Identifying dementia using medical data linkage in a longitudinal cohort study: Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:303. [PMID: 37127606 PMCID: PMC10152609 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) is a longitudinal study of ageing with well-characterised assessments, but until now, it has relied on self-report or proxies for dementia such as cognitive tests. Our aims were twofold: a) to describe a framework for identifying dementia in a cohort study. b) to report the age-specific incidence and prevalence of all-cause dementia and dementia subtypes in 865 individuals in the LBC1936. METHODS Electronic Health Records (EHR) of all participants were reviewed, and relevant information was extracted to form case vignettes for everyone with any record of cognitive dysfunction. The EHR data sources include hospital and clinic letters, general practitioner and hospital referrals, prescribed medications, imaging and laboratory results. Death certificate data were obtained separately. Clinician assessments were performed when there was concern about a participant's cognition. A diagnosis of probable dementia, possible dementia, or no dementia was agreed upon by a consensus diagnostic review board, comprised of a multidisciplinary team of clinical dementia experts who reviewed case vignettes and clinician assessment letters. For those with probable dementia, a subtype was also determined, where possible. We compared the agreement between our newly ascertained dementia diagnoses with the existing self-reported dementia diagnoses. RESULTS Self-reported dementia diagnoses were positive in only 17.8% of ascertained dementia diagnoses. The EHR review identified 163/865 (18.8%) individuals as having cognitive dysfunction. At the consensus diagnostic review board, 118/163 were diagnosed with probable all-cause dementia, a prevalence of 13.6%. Age-specific dementia prevalence increased with age from 0.8% (65-74.9 years) to 9.93% (85-89.9 years). Prevalence rates for women were higher in nearly all age groups. The most common subtype was dementia due to Alzheimer disease (49.2%), followed by mixed Alzheimer and cerebrovascular disease (17.0%), dementia of unknown or unspecified cause (16.1%), and dementia due to vascular disease (8.5%). CONCLUSIONS We present a robust systematic framework and guide for other cohort teams wanting to ascertain dementia diagnoses. The newly ascertained dementia diagnosis provides vital data for further analyses of LBC1936 to allow exploration of lifecourse predictors of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donncha S Mullin
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Terrace, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - Lucy E Stirland
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, UK
| | - Emily Buchanan
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine-Anne Convery
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cinzia Giuntoli
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Greer
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth Robertson
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Anna Szalek
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Georgina Weatherdon
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Wilkinson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tom C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Mullin DS, Stirland LE, Russ TC, Luciano M, Muniz-Terrera G. Socioeconomic status as a risk factor for motoric cognitive risk syndrome in a community-dwelling population: A longitudinal observational study. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1191-1199. [PMID: 36755198 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) is a syndrome characterised by measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints. MCR is a high-risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults, particularly cognitive impairment and dementia. Previous studies have identified risk factors for MCR, but the effect of socioeconomic status has, to date, been insufficiently examined. This study explored the association between MCR and socioeconomic status, as determined by occupational social class and years of education. METHODS Some 692 community-based adults of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936), aged 70 years at baseline, were followed up after 6 years and classified into non-MCR and MCR groups. We applied logistic regression analyses adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and health covariates to investigate the association between MCR and years of education and occupational social class, categorised into manual versus non-manual occupations. RESULTS MCR prevalence at age 76 years was 5.6% (95% CI 4.0-7.6). After multivariate adjustment, participants of lower socioeconomic status (manual occupation) had a greater than three-fold increased likelihood of MCR (adjusted odds ratio 3.55, 95% CI 1.46-8.74; p = 0.005) compared with those of higher socioeconomic status (non-manual occupation). CONCLUSIONS Working in a manual job earlier in life triples the risk of MCR later in life, regardless of education. Unravelling this association will likely reveal important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MCR and may unearth modifiable risk factors which could be targeted to reduce the incidence of MCR and, ultimately, dementia. Policy and healthcare practice addressing dementia risks such as MCR in their social context and early in the lifecourse could be effective strategies for reducing health inequalities in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donncha S Mullin
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy E Stirland
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tom C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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15
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Baranyi G, Buchanan CR, Conole EL, Backhouse EV, Maniega SM, Hernandez MV, Bastin ME, Wardlaw J, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Pearce J. Life-course neighbourhood deprivation and brain structure in older adults: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.13.23288523. [PMID: 37131666 PMCID: PMC10153312 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.23288523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Neighbourhood disadvantage may be associated with brain health but the importance at different stages of the life course is poorly understood. Utilizing the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, we explored the relationship between residential neighbourhood deprivation from birth to late adulthood, and global and regional neuroimaging measures at age 73. We found that residing in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in mid- to late adulthood was associated with smaller total brain (β=-0.06; SE=0.02; n=390) and grey matter volume (β=-0.11; SE=0.03; n=390), thinner cortex (β=-0.15; SE=0.06; n=379), and lower general white matter fractional anisotropy (β=-0.19; SE=0.06; n=388). Regional analysis identified affected focal cortical areas and specific white matter tracts. Among individuals belonging to lower occupational social classes, the brain-neighbourhood associations were stronger, with the impact of neighbourhood deprivation accumulating across the life course. Our findings suggest that living in deprived neighbourhoods is associated with adverse brain morphologies, with occupational social class adding to the vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R. Buchanan
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor L.S. Conole
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ellen V. Backhouse
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Maria Valdes Hernandez
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences (CCBS), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Saunders TS, Pozzolo FE, Heslegrave A, King D, McGeachan RI, Spires-Jones MP, Harris SE, Ritchie C, Muniz-Terrera G, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Zetterberg H, Spires-Jones TL. Predictive blood biomarkers and brain changes associated with age-related cognitive decline. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad113. [PMID: 37180996 PMCID: PMC10167767 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the use of plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, amyloid-β, neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein as promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. While these blood biomarkers are promising for distinguishing people with Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls, their predictive validity for age-related cognitive decline without dementia remains unclear. Further, while tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 is a promising biomarker, the distribution of this phospho-epitope of tau in the brain is unknown. Here, we tested whether plasma levels of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, amyloid-β, neurofilament light and fibrillary acidic protein predict cognitive decline between ages 72 and 82 in 195 participants in the Lothian birth cohorts 1936 study of cognitive ageing. We further examined post-mortem brain samples from temporal cortex to determine the distribution of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in the brain. Several forms of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 have been shown to contribute to synapse degeneration in Alzheimer's disease, which correlates closely with cognitive decline in this form of dementia, but to date, there have not been investigations of whether tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 is found in synapses in Alzheimer's disease or healthy ageing brain. It was also previously unclear whether tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 accumulated in dystrophic neurites around plaques, which could contribute to tau leakage to the periphery due to impaired membrane integrity in dystrophies. Brain homogenate and biochemically enriched synaptic fractions were examined with western blot to examine tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 levels between groups (n = 10-12 per group), and synaptic and astrocytic localization of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 were examined using array tomography (n = 6-15 per group), and localization of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in plaque-associated dystrophic neurites with associated gliosis were examined with standard immunofluorescence (n = 8-9 per group). Elevated baseline plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, neurofilament light and fibrillary acidic protein predicted steeper general cognitive decline during ageing. Further, increasing tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 over time predicted general cognitive decline in females only. Change in plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 remained a significant predictor of g factor decline when taking into account Alzheimer's disease polygenic risk score, indicating that the increase of blood tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in this cohort was not only due to incipient Alzheimer's disease. Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 was observed in synapses and astrocytes in both healthy ageing and Alzheimer's disease brain. We observed that a significantly higher proportion of synapses contain tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in Alzheimer's disease relative to aged controls. Aged controls with pre-morbid lifetime cognitive resilience had significantly more tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes than those with pre-morbid lifetime cognitive decline. Further, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 was found in dystrophic neurites around plaques and in some neurofibrillary tangles. The presence of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 in plaque-associated dystrophies may be a source of leakage of tau out of neurons that eventually enters the blood. Together, these data indicate that plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, neurofilament light and fibrillary acidic protein may be useful biomarkers of age-related cognitive decline, and that efficient clearance of tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 by astrocytes may promote cognitive resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Saunders
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Francesca E Pozzolo
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- United Kingdom UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Declan King
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert I McGeachan
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Maxwell P Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohort studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Craig Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Social Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago 3485, Chile
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohort studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- United Kingdom UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Molndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Molndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
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Flint JP, Welstead M, Cox SR, Russ TC, Marshall A, Luciano M. Validation of a polygenic risk score for Frailty in the Lothian Birth Cohort and English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.03.23288064. [PMID: 37066324 PMCID: PMC10104224 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.23288064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex trait. Twin studies and a high-powered Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) conducted in the UK Biobank have demonstrated a strong genetic basis of frailty. The present study utilized summary statistics from this GWAS to create and test the predictive power of frailty polygenic risk scores (PRS) in two independent samples - the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) aged 67-84 years. Multiple regression models were built to test the predictive power of frailty PRS at five time points. Frailty PRS significantly predicted frailty at all-time points in LBC1936 and ELSA, explaining 2.1% (β = 0.15, 95%CI, 0.085-0.21) and 1.6% (β = 0.14, 95%CI, 0.10-0.17) of the variance, respectively, at age ~68/~70 years (p < 0.001). This work demonstrates that frailty PRS can predict frailty in two independent cohorts, particularly at early ages (~68/~70). PRS have the potential to be valuable instruments for identifying those at risk for frailty and could be important for controlling for genetic confounders in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Flint
- Advanced Care Research Centre School of Engineering, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Welstead
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Marshall
- Advanced Care Research Centre School of Engineering, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Baranyi G, Conte F, Deary IJ, Shortt N, Thompson CW, Cox SR, Pearce J. Neighbourhood deprivation across eight decades and late-life cognitive function in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: a life-course study. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad056. [PMID: 37097769 PMCID: PMC10128164 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION although neighbourhood may predict late-life cognitive function, studies mostly rely on measurements at a single time point, with few investigations applying a life-course approach. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the associations between neighbourhood and cognitive test scores relate to specific cognitive domains or general ability. This study explored how neighbourhood deprivation across eight decades contributed to late-life cognitive function. METHODS data were drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 1,091) with cognitive function measured through 10 tests at ages 70, 73, 76, 79 and 82. Participants' residential history was gathered with 'lifegrid' questionnaires and linked to neighbourhood deprivation in childhood, young adulthood and mid-to-late adulthood. Associations were tested with latent growth curve models for levels and slopes of general (g) and domain-specific abilities (visuospatial ability, memory and processing speed), and life-course associations were explored with path analysis. RESULTS higher mid-to-late adulthood neighbourhood deprivation was associated with lower age 70 levels (β = -0.113, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: -0.205, -0.021) and faster decline of g over 12 years (β = -0.160, 95%CI: -0.290, -0.031). Initially apparent findings with domain-specific cognitive functions (e.g. processing speed) were due to their shared variance with g. Path analyses suggested that childhood neighbourhood disadvantage is indirectly linked to late-life cognitive function through lower education and selective residential mobility. CONCLUSIONS to our knowledge, we provide the most comprehensive assessment of the life-course neighbourhood deprivation and cognitive ageing relationship. Living in advantaged areas in mid-to-late adulthood may directly contribute to better cognitive function and slower decline, whereas an advantaged childhood neighbourhood likely affects functioning through cognitive reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Federica Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niamh Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catharine Ward Thompson
- OPENspace Research Centre, Edinburgh College of Art, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Geography, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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19
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Corley J, Conte F, Harris SE, Taylor AM, Redmond P, Russ TC, Deary IJ, Cox SR. Predictors of longitudinal cognitive ageing from age 70 to 82 including APOE e4 status, early-life and lifestyle factors: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1256-1271. [PMID: 36481934 PMCID: PMC10005946 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovering why some people's cognitive abilities decline more than others is a key challenge for cognitive ageing research. The most effective strategy may be to address multiple risk factors from across the life-course simultaneously in relation to robust longitudinal cognitive data. We conducted a 12-year follow-up of 1091 (at age 70) men and women from the longitudinal Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. Comprehensive repeated cognitive measures of visuospatial ability, processing speed, memory, verbal ability, and a general cognitive factor were collected over five assessments (age 70, 73, 76, 79, and 82 years) and analysed using multivariate latent growth curve modelling. Fifteen life-course variables were used to predict variation in cognitive ability levels at age 70 and cognitive slopes from age 70 to 82. Only APOE e4 carrier status was found to be reliably informative of general- and domain-specific cognitive decline, despite there being many life-course correlates of cognitive level at age 70. APOE e4 carriers had significantly steeper slopes across all three fluid cognitive domains compared with non-carriers, especially for memory (β = -0.234, p < 0.001) and general cognitive function (β = -0.246, p < 0.001), denoting a widening gap in cognitive functioning with increasing age. Our findings suggest that when many other candidate predictors of cognitive ageing slope are entered en masse, their unique contributions account for relatively small proportions of variance, beyond variation in APOE e4 status. We conclude that APOE e4 status is important for identifying those at greater risk for accelerated cognitive ageing, even among ostensibly healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Federica Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Yang Y, Knol MJ, Wang R, Mishra A, Liu D, Luciano M, Teumer A, Armstrong N, Bis JC, Jhun MA, Li S, Adams HHH, Aziz NA, Bastin ME, Bourgey M, Brody JA, Frenzel S, Gottesman RF, Hosten N, Hou L, Kardia SLR, Lohner V, Marquis P, Maniega SM, Satizabal CL, Sorond FA, Valdés Hernández MC, van Duijn CM, Vernooij MW, Wittfeld K, Yang Q, Zhao W, Boerwinkle E, Levy D, Deary IJ, Jiang J, Mather KA, Mosley TH, Psaty BM, Sachdev PS, Smith JA, Sotoodehnia N, DeCarli CS, Breteler MMB, Ikram MA, Grabe HJ, Wardlaw J, Longstreth WT, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, Debette S, Fornage M. Epigenetic and integrative cross-omics analyses of cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI. Brain 2023; 146:492-506. [PMID: 35943854 PMCID: PMC9924914 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter hyperintensities on MRI are markers of cerebral small vessel disease, a major risk factor for dementia and stroke. Despite the successful identification of multiple genetic variants associated with this highly heritable condition, its genetic architecture remains incompletely understood. More specifically, the role of DNA methylation has received little attention. We investigated the association between white matter hyperintensity burden and DNA methylation in blood at ∼450 000 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in 9732 middle-aged to older adults from 14 community-based studies. Single CpG and region-based association analyses were carried out. Functional annotation and integrative cross-omics analyses were performed to identify novel genes underlying the relationship between DNA methylation and white matter hyperintensities. We identified 12 single CpG and 46 region-based DNA methylation associations with white matter hyperintensity burden. Our top discovery single CpG, cg24202936 (P = 7.6 × 10-8), was associated with F2 expression in blood (P = 6.4 × 10-5) and co-localized with FOLH1 expression in brain (posterior probability = 0.75). Our top differentially methylated regions were in PRMT1 and in CCDC144NL-AS1, which were also represented in single CpG associations (cg17417856 and cg06809326, respectively). Through Mendelian randomization analyses cg06809326 was putatively associated with white matter hyperintensity burden (P = 0.03) and expression of CCDC144NL-AS1 possibly mediated this association. Differentially methylated region analysis, joint epigenetic association analysis and multi-omics co-localization analysis consistently identified a role of DNA methylation near SH3PXD2A, a locus previously identified in genome-wide association studies of white matter hyperintensities. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed functions of the identified DNA methylation loci in the blood-brain barrier and in the immune response. Integrative cross-omics analysis identified 19 key regulatory genes in two networks related to extracellular matrix organization, and lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. A drug-repositioning analysis indicated antihyperlipidaemic agents, more specifically peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, as possible target drugs for white matter hyperintensities. Our epigenome-wide association study and integrative cross-omics analyses implicate novel genes influencing white matter hyperintensity burden, which converged on pathways related to the immune response and to a compromised blood-brain barrier possibly due to disrupted cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The results also suggest that antihyperlipidaemic therapy may contribute to lowering risk for white matter hyperintensities possibly through protection against blood-brain barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Yang
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aniket Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Dan Liu
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 15-269, Poland
| | - Nicola Armstrong
- Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, 6845 Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 02115, USA
| | - Min A Jhun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nasir Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Mathieu Bourgey
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
- Department for Human Genetics, McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Valerie Lohner
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pascale Marquis
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
- Department for Human Genetics, McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maria C Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 17475 Rostock, Germany
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- The Memory Impairment Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 02115, USA
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 17475 Rostock, Germany
| | - Joanna Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AB, UK
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- CHU de Bordeaux, Department of Neurology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Do WL, Sun D, Meeks K, Dugué PA, Demerath E, Guan W, Li S, Chen W, Milne R, Adeyemo A, Agyemang C, Nassir R, Manson JE, Shadyab AH, Hou L, Horvath S, Assimes TL, Bhatti P, Jordahl KM, Baccarelli AA, Smith AK, Staimez LR, Stein AD, Whitsel EA, Narayan KV, Conneely KN. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of BMI in nine cohorts: Examining the utility of epigenetically predicted BMI. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:273-283. [PMID: 36649705 PMCID: PMC9943731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to examine the association between DNA methylation and body mass index (BMI) and the potential of BMI-associated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites to provide information about metabolic health. We pooled summary statistics from six trans-ethnic epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) of BMI representing nine cohorts (n = 17,034), replicated these findings in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI, n = 4,822), and developed an epigenetic prediction score of BMI. In the pooled EWASs, 1,265 CpG sites were associated with BMI (p < 1E-7) and 1,238 replicated in the WHI (FDR < 0.05). We performed several stratified analyses to examine whether these associations differed between individuals of European and African descent, as defined by self-reported race/ethnicity. We found that five CpG sites had a significant interaction with BMI by race/ethnicity. To examine the utility of the significant CpG sites in predicting BMI, we used elastic net regression to predict log-normalized BMI in the WHI (80% training/20% testing). This model found that 397 sites could explain 32% of the variance in BMI in the WHI test set. Individuals whose methylome-predicted BMI overestimated their BMI (high epigenetic BMI) had significantly higher glucose and triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol compared to accurately predicted BMI. Individuals whose methylome-predicted BMI underestimated their BMI (low epigenetic BMI) had significantly higher HDL cholesterol and lower glucose and triglycerides. This study confirmed 553 and identified 685 CpG sites associated with BMI. Participants with high epigenetic BMI had poorer metabolic health, suggesting that the overestimation may be driven in part by cardiometabolic derangements characteristic of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Do
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Karlijn Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences At Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Childrens Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Roger Milne
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences At Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
| | - Abedowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa R. Staimez
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K.M. Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Corresponding author
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22
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Saunders T, Gunn C, Blennow K, Kvartsberg H, Zetterberg H, Shenkin SD, Cox SR, Deary IJ, Smith C, King D, Spires-Jones T. Neurogranin in Alzheimer's disease and ageing: A human post-mortem study. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105991. [PMID: 36623608 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng), a post-synaptic protein involved in memory formation, has been investigated as a biomarker in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ageing. CSF Ng levels are elevated in AD relative to healthy controls and correlate with cognition; however, few studies have focused on Ng abundance in the brain. Synapse loss in the brain correlates closely with cognitive decline in AD making synaptic biomarkers potentially important for tracking disease progression, but the links between synaptic protein changes in CSF and brain remain incompletely understood. In the current study, Ng abundance was examined in post-mortem human brain tissue across AD, healthy ageing (HA), and mid-life (ML) cohorts. Ng levels were quantified in three brain regions associated with cognitive change found during ageing and neurodegenerative diseases, namely the middle temporal gyrus, primary visual cortex and the posterior hippocampus using immunohistochemistry. To support immunohistochemical analysis, total homogenate and biochemically enriched synaptic fractions from available temporal gyrus tissues were examined by immunoblot. Finally, we examined whether Ng is associated with lifetime cognitive ageing. Ng levels were significantly reduced in AD relative to HA and ML cases across all regions. Additionally Ng was significantly reduced in HA in comparison to ML in the primary visual cortex. Immunoblotting confirms reduced Ng levels in AD cases supporting immunohistochemical results. Interestingly, there was also a significant reduction of synapse-associated Ng in our group who had lifetime cognitive decline in comparison to the group with lifetime cognitive resilience indicating loss of neurogranin in remaining synapses during ageing is associated with cognitive decline. Our findings indicate that increases in CSF Ng reflect loss of brain neurogranin and support the use of CSF Ng as a biomarker of AD and potentially of cognitive decline in healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Saunders
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; Edinburgh Dementia Prevention & Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Gunn
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Inst. of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Inst. of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-431 80 Mölndal, Sweden; Hong Kong Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan D Shenkin
- Ageing and Health Research Group, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Smith
- Academic Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Declan King
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom.
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23
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Iveson MH, Cox SR, Deary IJ. Intergenerational Social Mobility and Health in Later Life: Diagonal Reference Models Applied to the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2257-2264. [PMID: 35952386 PMCID: PMC9799199 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although commonly used to model associations between intergenerational social mobility and health, linear regression cannot estimate the contributions of origin, destination, and mobility independently. Nonlinear diagonal reference models (DRMs) have become a popular alternative and have been applied to various health outcomes, though few studies examine the impact of social mobility on later-life health. METHODS This study revisits health outcomes examined in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, using DRMs to assess the association between intergenerational social mobility and satisfaction with life, self-rated health, depression, and mortality from age 68-82 years. RESULTS After adjusting for sex, age, education, and childhood cognitive ability, there was no evidence of an association between intergenerational social mobility and later-life health; participants experiencing upward or downward mobility had similar odds of poor health outcomes as non-mobile participants. However, those from higher occupational social classes exhibited lower odds of mortality (p = .01), with a stronger contribution of adult (own) than of childhood (father's) social class (weights = 0.75 vs. 0.25). No other outcomes demonstrated significant associations with socioeconomic position. DISCUSSION This adds to evidence that social mobility does not influence variation in later-life health once other factors-including socioeconomic origins and destinations-are accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Iveson
- Address correspondence to: Matthew H. Iveson, PhD, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. E-mail:
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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Why twin studies are important for health span science research: the case of maltreatment of aging adults. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:943. [PMID: 36482330 PMCID: PMC9730656 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Average life expectancies have lengthened across human history. As a result, there is an increased need to care for a greater number of individuals experiencing common age-related declines in health. This has helped to spur a rapidly increasing focus on understanding "health span", the portion of the life-course spent functionally healthy. Yet to penetrate the science of health span, however, is a topic which seems fundamental to the ability to age in functional and healthy ways, and has received considerable attention in other fields. As more of the population ages, the risk of exposure to abuse and neglect among older citizens not only rises, but can manifest as both cause and effect of declining health span. Among our goals here is to make a case for including this subject among the other central components of health span science. In so doing, we also outline reasons why quantitative genetic designs using samples of twins can be a versatile tool for improving causal inference when studying maltreatment among older persons specifically, but also on a range of other health span topics in general.
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25
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Bernal J, Valdés-Hernández MDC, Escudero J, Duarte R, Ballerini L, Bastin ME, Deary IJ, Thrippleton MJ, Touyz RM, Wardlaw JM. Assessment of perivascular space filtering methods using a three-dimensional computational model. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 93:33-51. [PMID: 35932975 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Growing interest surrounds the assessment of perivascular spaces (PVS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their validation as a clinical biomarker of adverse brain health. Nonetheless, the limits of validity of current state-of-the-art segmentation methods are still unclear. Here, we propose an open-source three-dimensional computational framework comprising 3D digital reference objects and evaluate the performance of three PVS filtering methods under various spatiotemporal imaging considerations (including sampling, motion artefacts, and Rician noise). Specifically, we study the performance of the Frangi, Jerman and RORPO filters in enhancing PVS-like structures to facilitate segmentation. Our findings were three-fold. First, as long as voxels are isotropic, RORPO outperforms the other two filters, regardless of imaging quality. Unlike the Frangi and Jerman filters, RORPO's performance does not deteriorate as PVS volume increases. Second, the performance of all "vesselness" filters is heavily influenced by imaging quality, with sampling and motion artefacts being the most damaging for these types of analyses. Third, none of the filters can distinguish PVS from other hyperintense structures (e.g. white matter hyperintensities, stroke lesions, or lacunes) effectively, the area under precision-recall curve dropped substantially (Frangi: from 94.21 [IQR 91.60, 96.16] to 43.76 [IQR 25.19, 63.38]; Jerman: from 94.51 [IQR 91.90, 95.37] to 58.00 [IQR 35.68, 64.87]; RORPO: from 98.72 [IQR 95.37, 98.96] to 71.87 [IQR 57.21, 76.63] without and with other hyperintense structures, respectively). The use of our computational model enables comparing segmentation methods and identifying their advantages and disadvantages, thereby providing means for testing and optimising pipelines for ongoing and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Bernal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria D C Valdés-Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Javier Escudero
- Institute for Digital Communications, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roberto Duarte
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucia Ballerini
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Stevenson AJ, McCartney DL, Gadd DA, Shireby G, Hillary RF, King D, Tzioras M, Wrobel N, McCafferty S, Murphy L, McColl BW, Redmond P, Taylor AM, Harris SE, Russ TC, McIntosh AM, Mill J, Smith C, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Marioni RE, Spires‐Jones TL. A comparison of blood and brain-derived ageing and inflammation-related DNA methylation signatures and their association with microglial burdens. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5637-5649. [PMID: 35362642 PMCID: PMC9525452 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and ageing-related DNA methylation patterns in the blood have been linked to a variety of morbidities, including cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. However, it is unclear how these blood-based patterns relate to patterns within the brain and how each associates with central cellular profiles. In this study, we profiled DNA methylation in both the blood and in five post mortem brain regions (BA17, BA20/21, BA24, BA46 and hippocampus) in 14 individuals from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Microglial burdens were additionally quantified in the same brain regions. DNA methylation signatures of five epigenetic ageing biomarkers ('epigenetic clocks'), and two inflammatory biomarkers (methylation proxies for C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) were compared across tissues and regions. Divergent associations between the inflammation and ageing signatures in the blood and brain were identified, depending on region assessed. Four out of the five assessed epigenetic age acceleration measures were found to be highest in the hippocampus (β range = 0.83-1.14, p ≤ 0.02). The inflammation-related DNA methylation signatures showed no clear variation across brain regions. Reactive microglial burdens were found to be highest in the hippocampus (β = 1.32, p = 5 × 10-4 ); however, the only association identified between the blood- and brain-based methylation signatures and microglia was a significant positive association with acceleration of one epigenetic clock (termed DNAm PhenoAge) averaged over all five brain regions (β = 0.40, p = 0.002). This work highlights a potential vulnerability of the hippocampus to epigenetic ageing and provides preliminary evidence of a relationship between DNA methylation signatures in the brain and differences in microglial burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Danni A. Gadd
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Gemma Shireby
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Robert F. Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Declan King
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Makis Tzioras
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Nicola Wrobel
- Edinburgh Clinical Research FacilityWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Sarah McCafferty
- Edinburgh Clinical Research FacilityWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Lee Murphy
- Edinburgh Clinical Research FacilityWestern General HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth CohortsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth CohortsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth CohortsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, 7 George SquareUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghUK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth CohortsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth CohortsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Lothian Birth CohortsUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tara L. Spires‐Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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27
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Conte FP, Okely JA, Hamilton OK, Corley J, Page D, Redmond P, Taylor AM, Russ TC, Deary IJ, Cox SR. Cognitive Change Before Old Age (11 to 70) Predicts Cognitive Change During Old Age (70 to 82). Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1803-1817. [PMID: 36113037 PMCID: PMC9660354 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying predictors of cognitive decline in old age helps us understand its mechanisms and identify those at greater risk. Here, we examined how cognitive change from ages 11 to 70 is associated with cognitive change at older ages (70 to 82 years) in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 longitudinal study (N = 1,091 at recruitment). Using latent-growth-curve models, we estimated rates of change from ages 70 to 82 in general cognitive ability (g) and in three cognitive domains: visuospatial, memory, and processing speed. We found that g accounted for 71.3% of interindividual change variance. Greater cognitive gain from ages 11 to 70 predicted slower decline in g over 12 subsequent years (β = 0.163, p = .001), independently of cognitive level in childhood and at age 70, and domain-specific change beyond g. These results contribute to the goal of identifying people at higher risk of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica P. Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of
Milano-Bicocca
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Federica P. Conte, University of
Milano-Bicocca, Department of Psychology
| | - Judith A. Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
| | - Olivia K. Hamilton
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
| | - Adele M. Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research
Centre, The University of Edinburgh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for
Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The
University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, The
University of Edinburgh
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28
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Higham J, Kerr L, Zhang Q, Walker RM, Harris SE, Howard DM, Hawkins EL, Sandu AL, Steele JD, Waiter GD, Murray AD, Evans KL, McIntosh AM, Visscher PM, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Sproul D. Local CpG density affects the trajectory and variance of age-associated DNA methylation changes. Genome Biol 2022; 23:216. [PMID: 36253871 PMCID: PMC9575273 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is an epigenetic mark associated with the repression of gene promoters. Its pattern in the genome is disrupted with age and these changes can be used to statistically predict age with epigenetic clocks. Altered rates of aging inferred from these clocks are observed in human disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning age-associated DNA methylation changes remain unknown. Local DNA sequence can program steady-state DNA methylation levels, but how it influences age-associated methylation changes is unknown. RESULTS We analyze longitudinal human DNA methylation trajectories at 345,895 CpGs from 600 individuals aged between 67 and 80 to understand the factors responsible for age-associated epigenetic changes at individual CpGs. We show that changes in methylation with age occur at 182,760 loci largely independently of variation in cell type proportions. These changes are especially apparent at 8322 low CpG density loci. Using SNP data from the same individuals, we demonstrate that methylation trajectories are affected by local sequence polymorphisms at 1487 low CpG density loci. More generally, we find that low CpG density regions are particularly prone to change and do so variably between individuals in people aged over 65. This differs from the behavior of these regions in younger individuals where they predominantly lose methylation. CONCLUSIONS Our results, which we reproduce in two independent groups of individuals, demonstrate that local DNA sequence influences age-associated DNA methylation changes in humans in vivo. We suggest that this occurs because interactions between CpGs reinforce maintenance of methylation patterns in CpG dense regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Higham
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lyndsay Kerr
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Present address: Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Present address: School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David M Howard
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emma L Hawkins
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anca-Larisa Sandu
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Douglas Steele
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gordon D Waiter
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alison D Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Duncan Sproul
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Booi
- Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
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30
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Okely JA, Overy K, Deary IJ. Experience of Playing a Musical Instrument and Lifetime Change in General Cognitive Ability: Evidence From the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Psychol Sci 2022; 33:1495-1508. [PMID: 36031803 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221092726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested whether experience of playing a musical instrument was associated with lifetime change in cognitive ability. Participants were 366 older adults from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 who had completed general cognitive-ability assessments at ages 11 and 70 and reported their lifetime experience of playing a musical instrument at age 82. This sample included 117 participants with musical-instrument experience, mostly at a beginner or an intermediate level. There was a small, statistically significant positive association between experience of playing a musical instrument and change in general cognitive ability between ages 11 and 70; specifically, individuals with more musical-instrument experience were likely to show greater gains in general cognitive ability. This association was reduced but remained statistically significant following adjustment for covariates (childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status, years of education, and disease history). These findings suggest that playing a musical instrument is associated with a long-term cognitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, Edinburgh Napier University
| | - Katie Overy
- Reid School of Music, University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
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31
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Barnes A, Ballerini L, Valdés Hernández MDC, Chappell FM, Muñoz Maniega S, Meijboom R, Backhouse EV, Stringer MS, Duarte Coello R, Brown R, Bastin ME, Cox SR, Deary IJ, Wardlaw JM. Topological relationships between perivascular spaces and progression of white matter hyperintensities: A pilot study in a sample of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Front Neurol 2022; 13:889884. [PMID: 36090857 PMCID: PMC9449650 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.889884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are features of cerebral small vessel disease which can be seen in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Given the associations and proposed mechanistic link between PVS and WMH, they are hypothesized to also have topological proximity. However, this and the influence of their spatial proximity on WMH progression are unknown. We analyzed longitudinal MRI data from 29 out of 32 participants (mean age at baseline = 71.9 years) in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging, from three waves of data collection at 3-year intervals, alongside semi-automatic segmentation masks for PVS and WMH, to assess relationships. The majority of deep WMH clusters were found adjacent to or enclosing PVS (waves-1: 77%; 2: 76%; 3: 69%), especially in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions. Of the WMH clusters in the deep white matter that increased between waves, most increased around PVS (waves-1-2: 73%; 2-3: 72%). Formal statistical comparisons of severity of each of these two SVD markers yielded no associations between deep WMH progression and PVS proximity. These findings may suggest some deep WMH clusters may form and grow around PVS, possibly reflecting the consequences of impaired interstitial fluid drainage via PVS. The utility of these relationships as predictors of WMH progression remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Barnes
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Ballerini
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria del C. Valdés Hernández
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M. Chappell
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rozanna Meijboom
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen V. Backhouse
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Stringer
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Duarte Coello
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind Brown
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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32
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The Role of Fertility and Partnership History in Later-life Cognition. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-022-09500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCognitive ageing continues to be a significant burden for society and a primary contributor to individuals’ diminishing independence and quality of life. Therefore, improving our understanding of life-course influences on cognitive function is a necessity for public health. Parenthood and marriage are two such influences that may affect cognition in old age. Using the Health and Retirement Study, the relationship between family histories and cognitive functioning in adults in the ‘older’ age group in the United States is investigated through a sequence-analysis approach. The results show that most of the relationship between fertility and partnership history and cognition later in life is explained by childhood health and socioeconomic conditions, and current sociodemographic characteristics. However, those individuals who have never been married, and in particular those who have never been married and have had no children, report a significantly lower level of cognitive functioning in older age, especially women.
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33
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Alfieri A, Koudelka J, Li M, Scheffer S, Duncombe J, Caporali A, Kalaria RN, Smith C, Shah AM, Horsburgh K. Nox2 underpins microvascular inflammation and vascular contributions to cognitive decline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1176-1191. [PMID: 35102790 PMCID: PMC9207496 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic microvascular inflammation and oxidative stress are inter-related mechanisms underpinning white matter disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A proposed mediator is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. To assess the role of Nox2 in VCI, we studied a tractable model with white matter pathology and cognitive impairment induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice with genetic deletion of Nox2 (Nox2 KO) were compared to wild-type (WT) following BCAS. Sustained BCAS over 12 weeks in WT mice induced Nox2 expression, indices of microvascular inflammation and oxidative damage, along with white matter pathology culminating in a marked cognitive impairment, which were all protected by Nox2 genetic deletion. Neurovascular coupling was impaired in WT mice post-BCAS and restored in Nox2 KO mice. Increased vascular expression of chemoattractant mediators, cell-adhesion molecules and endothelial activation factors in WT mice post-BCAS were ameliorated by Nox2 deficiency. The clinical relevance was confirmed by increased vascular Nox2 and indices of microvascular inflammation in human post-mortem subjects with cerebral vascular disease. Our results support Nox2 activity as a critical determinant of VCI, whose targeting may be of therapeutic benefit in cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alfieri
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Vascular Science, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mosi Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sanny Scheffer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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34
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Voits T, DeLuca V, Abutalebi J. The Nuance of Bilingualism as a Reserve Contributor: Conveying Research to the Broader Neuroscience Community. Front Psychol 2022; 13:909266. [PMID: 35814120 PMCID: PMC9263506 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological notion of “reserve” arises from an individually observable dissociation between brain health and cognitive status. According to the cognitive reserve hypothesis, high-reserve individuals experience functional compensation for neural atrophy and, thus, are able to maintain relatively stable cognitive functioning with no or smaller-than-expected impairment. Several lifestyle factors such as regular physical exercise, adequate and balanced nutrition, and educational attainment have been widely reported to contribute to reserve and, thus, lead to more successful trajectories of cognitive aging (CA). In recent years, it has become clear that bilingualism is also a potential reserve contributor. Yet, there is little communication between the neuroscience of bilingualism research community and researchers working in the field of CA more generally, despite compelling reasons for it. In fact, bilingualism tends to be overlooked as a contributory factor in the CA literature, or reduced to a dichotomous trait, despite it being a complex experience. Herein, we discuss issues that are preventing recognition of bilingualism as a reserve contributor across all literatures, highlight the benefits of including language experiences as a factor of interest across research disciplines, and suggest a roadmap to better integrate bilingualism and aging moving forward. We close with calls toward a model of aging that examines the contributions across lifestyle factors, including that of bilingual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toms Voits
- PoLaR Lab, AcqVA Aurora Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Toms Voits,
| | - Vincent DeLuca
- PoLaR Lab, AcqVA Aurora Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- PoLaR Lab, AcqVA Aurora Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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35
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Sliz E, Shin J, Ahmad S, Williams DM, Frenzel S, Gauß F, Harris SE, Henning AK, Hernandez MV, Hu YH, Jiménez B, Sargurupremraj M, Sudre C, Wang R, Wittfeld K, Yang Q, Wardlaw JM, Völzke H, Vernooij MW, Schott JM, Richards M, Proitsi P, Nauck M, Lewis MR, Launer L, Hosten N, Grabe HJ, Ghanbari M, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Chaturvedi N, Barnes J, Rotter JI, Debette S, Ikram MA, Fornage M, Paus T, Seshadri S, Pausova Z. Circulating Metabolome and White Matter Hyperintensities in Women and Men. Circulation 2022; 145:1040-1052. [PMID: 35050683 PMCID: PMC9645366 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH), identified on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the human brain as areas of enhanced brightness, are a major risk factor of stroke, dementia, and death. There are no large-scale studies testing associations between WMH and circulating metabolites. METHODS We studied up to 9290 individuals (50.7% female, average age 61 years) from 15 populations of 8 community-based cohorts. WMH volume was quantified from T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images or as hypointensities on T1-weighted images. Circulating metabolomic measures were assessed with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Associations between WMH and metabolomic measures were tested by fitting linear regression models in the pooled sample and in sex-stratified and statin treatment-stratified subsamples. Our basic models were adjusted for age, sex, age×sex, and technical covariates, and our fully adjusted models were also adjusted for statin treatment, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking, body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Population-specific results were meta-analyzed using the fixed-effect inverse variance-weighted method. Associations with false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P values (PFDR)<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of results from the basic models, we identified 30 metabolomic measures associated with WMH (PFDR<0.05), 7 of which remained significant in the fully adjusted models. The most significant association was with higher level of hydroxyphenylpyruvate in men (PFDR.full.adj=1.40×10-7) and in both the pooled sample (PFDR.full.adj=1.66×10-4) and statin-untreated (PFDR.full.adj=1.65×10-6) subsample. In men, hydroxyphenylpyruvate explained 3% to 14% of variance in WMH. In men and the pooled sample, WMH were also associated with lower levels of lysophosphatidylcholines and hydroxysphingomyelins and a larger diameter of low-density lipoprotein particles, likely arising from higher triglyceride to total lipids and lower cholesteryl ester to total lipids ratios within these particles. In women, the only significant association was with higher level of glucuronate (PFDR=0.047). CONCLUSIONS Circulating metabolomic measures, including multiple lipid measures (eg, lysophosphatidylcholines, hydroxysphingomyelins, low-density lipoprotein size and composition) and nonlipid metabolites (eg, hydroxyphenylpyruvate, glucuronate), associate with WMH in a general population of middle-aged and older adults. Some metabolomic measures show marked sex specificities and explain a sizable proportion of WMH variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Sliz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan M. Williams
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Gauß
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ann-Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Valdes Hernandez
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi-Han Hu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Sudre
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Germany Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Germany Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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36
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Ávila-Villanueva M, Gómez-Ramírez J, Ávila J, Fernández-Blázquez MA. Loneliness as risk factor for Alzheimer´s disease. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:293-296. [PMID: 35249519 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220304195049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable empirical evidence that unequivocally points to loneliness as a modifiable risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease and other related dementias. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting lockdown and social distancing, there has been renewed interest in studying this topic. The present review examines the links between loneliness and Alzheimer's disease, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms common to both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ávila-Villanueva
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Campus de Somosaguas, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Ávila
- Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Fernández-Blázquez
- Department of Biological Psychology and Health, Autonomous University of Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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37
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A Gadd D, I McGeachan R, F Hillary R, L McCartney D, E Harris S, A Sherwood R, Abbott NJ, R Cox S, E Marioni R. The genetic and epigenetic profile of serum S100β in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 and its relationship to Alzheimer’s disease. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:306. [PMID: 35028426 PMCID: PMC8686327 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17322.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating S100 calcium-binding protein (S100β) is a marker of brain inflammation that has been associated with a range of neurological conditions. To provide insight into the molecular regulation of S100β and its potential causal associations with Alzheimer’s disease, we carried out genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS/EWAS) of serum S100β levels in older adults and performed Mendelian randomisation with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: GWAS (N=769, mean age 72.5 years, sd = 0.7) and EWAS (N=722, mean age 72.5 years, sd = 0.7) of S100β levels were performed in participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Conditional and joint analysis (COJO) was used to identify independent loci. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses were performed for lead loci that had genome-wide significant associations with S100β. Bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomisation was used to test for causal associations between S100β and Alzheimer’s disease. Colocalisation between S100β and Alzheimer’s disease GWAS loci was also examined. Results: We identified 154 SNPs from chromosome 21 that associated (P<5x10-8) with S100β protein levels. The lead variant was located in the S100β gene (rs8128872, P=5.0x10-17). We found evidence that two independent causal variants existed for both transcription of S100β and S100β protein levels in our eQTL analyses. No CpG sites were associated with S100β levels at the epigenome-wide significant level (P<3.6x10-8); the lead probe was cg06833709 (P=5.8x10-6), which mapped to the LGI1 gene. There was no evidence of a causal association between S100β levels and Alzheimer’s disease or vice versa and no evidence for colocalisation between S100β and Alzheimer’s disease loci. Conclusions: These data provide insight into the molecular regulators of S100β levels. This context may aid in understanding the role of S100β in brain inflammation and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni A Gadd
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Robert I McGeachan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Roy A Sherwood
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, Other (Non-U.S.), SE5 9RS, UK
| | - N Joan Abbott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, Other (Non-U.S.), WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
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38
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A Gadd D, I McGeachan R, F Hillary R, L McCartney D, E Harris S, A Sherwood R, Abbott NJ, R Cox S, E Marioni R. The genetic and epigenetic profile of serum S100β in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 and its relationship to Alzheimer's disease. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:306. [PMID: 35028426 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17322.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating S100 calcium-binding protein (S100β) is a marker of brain inflammation that has been associated with a range of neurological conditions. To provide insight into the molecular regulation of S100β and its potential causal associations with Alzheimer's disease, we carried out genome- and epigenome-wide association studies (GWAS/EWAS) of serum S100β levels in older adults and performed Mendelian randomisation with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: GWAS (N=769, mean age 72.5 years, sd = 0.7) and EWAS (N=722, mean age 72.5 years, sd = 0.7) of S100β levels were performed in participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Conditional and joint analysis (COJO) was used to identify independent loci. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses were performed for lead loci that had genome-wide significant associations with S100β. Bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomisation was used to test for causal associations between S100β and Alzheimer's disease. Colocalisation between S100β and Alzheimer's disease GWAS loci was also examined. Results: We identified 154 SNPs from chromosome 21 that associated (P<5x10 -8) with S100β protein levels. The lead variant was located in the S100β gene (rs8128872, P=5.0x10 -17). We found evidence that two independent causal variants existed for both transcription of S100β and S100β protein levels in our eQTL analyses . No CpG sites were associated with S100β levels at the epigenome-wide significant level (P<3.6x10 -8); the lead probe was cg06833709 (P=5.8x10 -6), which mapped to the LGI1 gene. There was no evidence of a causal association between S100β levels and Alzheimer's disease or vice versa and no evidence for colocalisation between S100β and Alzheimer's disease loci. Conclusions: These data provide insight into the molecular regulators of S100β levels. This context may aid in understanding the role of S100β in brain inflammation and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni A Gadd
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Robert I McGeachan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Roy A Sherwood
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, Other (Non-U.S.), SE5 9RS, UK
| | - N Joan Abbott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, Other (Non-U.S.), WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Other (Non-U.S.), EH4 2XU, UK
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Jochems ACC, Muñoz Maniega S, Del C Valdés Hernández M, Barclay G, Anblagan D, Ballerini L, Meijboom R, Wiseman S, Taylor AM, Corley J, Chappell FM, Backhouse EV, Stringer MS, Dickie DA, Bastin ME, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Wardlaw JM. Contribution of white matter hyperintensities to ventricular enlargement in older adults. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:103019. [PMID: 35490587 PMCID: PMC9062739 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lateral ventricles might increase due to generalized tissue loss related to brain atrophy. Alternatively, they may expand into areas of tissue loss related to white matter hyperintensities (WMH). We assessed longitudinal associations between lateral ventricle and WMH volumes, accounting for total brain volume, blood pressure, history of stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and smoking at ages 73, 76 and 79, in participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, including MRI data from all available time points. Lateral ventricle volume increased steadily with age, WMH volume change was more variable. WMH volume decreased in 20% and increased in remaining subjects. Over 6 years, lateral ventricle volume increased by 3% per year of age, 0.1% per mm Hg increase in blood pressure, 3.2% per 1% decrease of total brain volume, and 4.5% per 1% increase of WMH volume. Over time, lateral ventricle volumes were 19% smaller in women than men. Ventricular and WMH volume changes are modestly associated and independent of general brain atrophy, suggesting that their underlying processes do not fully overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C C Jochems
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Del C Valdés Hernández
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gayle Barclay
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Devasuda Anblagan
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucia Ballerini
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rozanna Meijboom
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart Wiseman
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francesca M Chappell
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ellen V Backhouse
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael S Stringer
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Alexander Dickie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Lothian Birth Cohorts Group, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
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40
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Luciano M, Corley J, Valdés Hernández MC, Craig LCA, McNeill G, Bastin ME, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Wardlaw JM. Mediterranean-Type Diet and Brain Structural Change from 73 to 79 Years in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:368-372. [PMID: 35450993 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether Mediterranean-type Diet (MeDi) at age 70 years is associated with longitudinal trajectories of total brain MRI volume over a six-year period from age 73 to 79. DESIGN Cohort study which uses a correlational design. SETTING Participants residing in the Lothian region of Scotland and living independently in the community. PARTICIPANTS A relatively healthy Scottish sample drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. MEASUREMENTS Total brain volume measurements were available at ages 73, 76 and 79 (N ranged 332 to 563). Adherence to the MeDi was based on food frequency questionnaire data collected three years before the baseline imaging scans, and was used in growth curve models to predict the trajectory of total brain volume change. RESULTS No association was found (p>.05) between adherence to the MeDi at age 70 and total brain volume change from 73 to 79 years in minimally-adjusted (sex) or fully adjusted models controlling for additional health confounders. CONCLUSIONS Variation in adherence to the MeDi was not predictive of total brain atrophy over a six-year period. This suggests that previous findings of dietary associations with brain volume are not long lasting or become less important as ageing-related conditions account for greater variation in brain volume change. More frequent collection of dietary intake data is needed to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luciano
- Michelle Luciano, Psychology, 7 George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 8JZ, Phone +44 (0)131 6503630,
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41
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Welstead M, Luciano M, Russ TC, Muniz-Terrera G. Heterogeneity of Frailty Trajectories and Associated Factors in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Gerontology 2022; 68:861-868. [PMID: 34587617 PMCID: PMC9501780 DOI: 10.1159/000519240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research suggests that the experience of frailty progression may be heterogeneous, with latent subpopulations of older adults following distinct trajectories of frailty. We aimed to investigate this notion and determine whether certain factors are associated with the membership of these subpopulations. METHODS Data from 5 data waves collected over 12 years in participants of the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, aged 70 at baseline, were used to derive the frailty index (FI) (NW1 = 1,091, NW5 = 431). These were used in latent class mixed modelling to estimate subpopulations of frailty trajectories. RESULTS A quadratic latent class mixed model found 3 distinct groupings, which followed a low (61%, n = 632), medium (36%, n = 368), or high (3%, n = 28) FI trajectory. Each grouping had different intercepts and slopes, with the high grouping following the steepest trajectory indicating a rapid increase in frailty. Findings showed that in general, those in the low grouping were younger, had higher education, higher age 11 cognitive ability, and were from a higher social class than those in the medium and high groupings. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate heterogeneity in frailty trajectories over 12 years in individuals aged 70 years at baseline. Membership of higher frailty trajectory groupings was associated with lower social class, less education, and lower childhood cognitive ability, indicating the potential for future interventions to target individuals who are at the greatest risk of belonging to the high frailty trajectory. Future research is required to continue this line of inquiry by exploring other risk and protective factors, and importantly, to assess whether it is possible to realign an individual's membership to a less detrimental grouping of frailty trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Welstead
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, BioCube 1, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Miles Welstead,
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, BioCube 1, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, BioCube 1, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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42
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DNA Methylation and Type 2 Diabetes: Novel Biomarkers for Risk Assessment? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111652. [PMID: 34769081 PMCID: PMC8584054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a severe threat to global health. Almost 500 million people live with diabetes worldwide. Most of them have type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D patients are at risk of developing severe and life-threatening complications, leading to an increased need for medical care and reduced quality of life. Improved care for people with T2D is essential. Actions aiming at identifying undiagnosed diabetes and at preventing diabetes in those at high risk are needed as well. To this end, biomarker discovery and validation of risk assessment for T2D are critical. Alterations of DNA methylation have recently helped to better understand T2D pathophysiology by explaining differences among endophenotypes of diabetic patients in tissues. Recent evidence further suggests that variations of DNA methylation might contribute to the risk of T2D even more significantly than genetic variability and might represent a valuable tool to predict T2D risk. In this review, we focus on recent information on the contribution of DNA methylation to the risk and the pathogenesis of T2D. We discuss the limitations of these studies and provide evidence supporting the potential for clinical application of DNA methylation marks to predict the risk and progression of T2D.
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43
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Hillary RF, Stevenson AJ, Cox SR, McCartney DL, Harris SE, Seeboth A, Higham J, Sproul D, Taylor AM, Redmond P, Corley J, Pattie A, Hernández MDCV, Muñoz-Maniega S, Bastin ME, Wardlaw JM, Horvath S, Ritchie CW, Spires-Jones TL, McIntosh AM, Evans KL, Deary IJ, Marioni RE. An epigenetic predictor of death captures multi-modal measures of brain health. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3806-3816. [PMID: 31796892 PMCID: PMC8550950 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Individuals of the same chronological age exhibit disparate rates of biological ageing. Consequently, a number of methodologies have been proposed to determine biological age and primarily exploit variation at the level of DNA methylation (DNAm). A novel epigenetic clock, termed 'DNAm GrimAge' has outperformed its predecessors in predicting the risk of mortality as well as many age-related morbidities. However, the association between DNAm GrimAge and cognitive or neuroimaging phenotypes remains unknown. We explore these associations in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 709, mean age 73 years). Higher DNAm GrimAge was strongly associated with all-cause mortality over the eighth decade (Hazard Ratio per standard deviation increase in GrimAge: 1.81, P < 2.0 × 10-16). Higher DNAm GrimAge was associated with lower age 11 IQ (β = -0.11), lower age 73 general cognitive ability (β = -0.18), decreased brain volume (β = -0.25) and increased brain white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.17). There was tentative evidence for a longitudinal association between DNAm GrimAge and cognitive decline from age 70 to 79. Sixty-nine of 137 health- and brain-related phenotypes tested were significantly associated with GrimAge. Adjusting all models for childhood intelligence attenuated to non-significance a small number of associations (12/69 associations; 6 of which were cognitive traits), but not the association with general cognitive ability (33.9% attenuation). Higher DNAm GrimAge associates with lower cognitive ability and brain vascular lesions in older age, independently of early-life cognitive ability. This epigenetic predictor of mortality associates with different measures of brain health and may aid in the prediction of age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne Seeboth
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jon Higham
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Duncan Sproul
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Pattie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Del C Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz-Maniega
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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44
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Tsuchida A, Laurent A, Crivello F, Petit L, Joliot M, Pepe A, Beguedou N, Gueye MF, Verrecchia V, Nozais V, Zago L, Mellet E, Debette S, Tzourio C, Mazoyer B. The MRi-Share database: brain imaging in a cross-sectional cohort of 1870 university students. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2057-2085. [PMID: 34283296 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on MRi-Share, a multi-modal brain MRI database acquired in a unique sample of 1870 young healthy adults, aged 18-35 years, while undergoing university-level education. MRi-Share contains structural (T1 and FLAIR), diffusion (multispectral), susceptibility-weighted (SWI), and resting-state functional imaging modalities. Here, we described the contents of these different neuroimaging datasets and the processing pipelines used to derive brain phenotypes, as well as how quality control was assessed. In addition, we present preliminary results on associations of some of these brain image-derived phenotypes at the whole brain level with both age and sex, in the subsample of 1722 individuals aged less than 26 years. We demonstrate that the post-adolescence period is characterized by changes in both structural and microstructural brain phenotypes. Grey matter cortical thickness, surface area and volume were found to decrease with age, while white matter volume shows increase. Diffusivity, either radial or axial, was found to robustly decrease with age whereas fractional anisotropy only slightly increased. As for the neurite orientation dispersion and densities, both were found to increase with age. The isotropic volume fraction also showed a slight increase with age. These preliminary findings emphasize the complexity of changes in brain structure and function occurring in this critical period at the interface of late maturation and early ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Tsuchida
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Laurent
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Petit
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France.,Ginesislab, Fealinx and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Naka Beguedou
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Fateye Gueye
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France.,Ginesislab, Fealinx and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Violaine Verrecchia
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France.,Ginesislab, Fealinx and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Victor Nozais
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France.,Ginesislab, Fealinx and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Zago
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France.,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CNRS, Bordeaux, France. .,Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293, CEA, Bordeaux, France. .,Ginesislab, Fealinx and Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
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45
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McLeod GFH, Cleland L, Welch J, Spittlehouse JK, Fenton A, Boden JM, Horwood LJ. Menopause status and climacteric symptoms in a birth cohort of mid-life New Zealand women. Climacteric 2021; 25:271-277. [PMID: 34269148 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1948005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little current research on the transition to natural menopause among contemporary groups of mid-life women at age 40 years. OBJECTIVE This study reports on female members of the Christchurch Health and Development Study cohort. This research aimed to: document the menopause status, reproductive outcomes and climacteric symptoms of the women at age 40 years; examine the associations between menopause status and concurrent measures of psychosocial and economic well-being; and document the associations between menopause status and potential predictors of menopause reflecting childhood, family and individual factors prior to age 40 years. METHODS The Christchurch Health and Development Study is a longitudinal, representative, prospective cohort of 1265 babies (630 females) born in New Zealand in 1977. At age 40 years, 470 women (who had not experienced surgical menopause) were interviewed on their menopause status, climacteric symptoms and associated factors. RESULTS The majority of women were premenopausal, around 20% were perimenopausal and 2% were postmenopausal. Statistically significant associations were found reflecting higher rates of diagnosed reproductive disorder, climacteric symptoms, low occupational status, non-heterosexual sexuality and exposure to childhood sexual abuse amongst both perimenopausal and postmenopausal women at age 40 years. CONCLUSION These data will inform directions for future data collection and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F H McLeod
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L Cleland
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Welch
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J K Spittlehouse
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Fenton
- Oxford Women's Health, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L J Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Okely JA, Deary IJ, Overy K. The Edinburgh Lifetime Musical Experience Questionnaire (ELMEQ): Responses and non-musical correlates in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254176. [PMID: 34264964 PMCID: PMC8282069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the potential effects of musical training on the human brain, as well as increasing interest in the potential contribution of musical experience to healthy ageing. Conducting research on these topics with older adults requires a comprehensive assessment of musical experience across the lifespan, as well as an understanding of which variables might correlate with musical training and experience (such as personality traits or years of education). The present study introduces a short questionnaire for assessing lifetime musical training and experience in older populations: the Edinburgh Lifetime Musical Experience Questionnaire (ELMEQ). 420 participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 completed the ELMEQ at a mean age of 82 years. We used their responses to the ELMEQ to address three objectives: 1) to report the prevalence of lifetime musical experience in a sample of older adults; 2) to demonstrate how certain item-level responses can be used to model latent variables quantifying experience in different musical domains (playing a musical instrument, singing, self-reported musical ability, and music listening); and 3) to examine non-musical (lifespan) correlates of these domains. In this cohort, 420 of 431 participants (97%) completed the questionnaire. 40% of participants reported some lifetime experience of playing a musical instrument, starting at a median age of 10 years and playing for a median of 5 years. 38% of participants reported some lifetime experience of singing in a group. Non-musical variables of childhood environment, years of education, childhood cognitive ability, female sex, extraversion, history of arthritis and fewer constraints on activities of daily living were found to be associated, variously, with the domains of playing a musical instrument, singing, self-reported musical ability, and music listening. The ELMEQ was found to be an effective research tool with older adults and is made freely available for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Okely
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, Lothian Birth Cohort Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Overy
- Reid School of Music, Edinburgh College of Art, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Welstead M, Luciano M, Muniz-Terrera G, Taylor AM, Russ TC. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 35:230-236. [PMID: 33480611 PMCID: PMC8386587 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) is a highly phenotyped longitudinal study of cognitive and brain ageing. Given its substantial clinical importance, we derived an indicator of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and amnestic and nonamnestic subtypes at 3 time points. METHODS MCI status was derived at 3 waves of the LBC1936 at ages 76 (n=567), 79 (n=441), and 82 years (n=341). A general MCI category was derived as well as amnestic MCI (aMCI) and nonamnestic MCI (naMCI). A comparison was made between MCI derivations using normative data from the LBC1936 cohort versus the general UK population. RESULTS MCI rates showed a proportional increase at each wave between 76 and 82 years from 15% to 18%. Rates of MCI subtypes also showed a proportional increase over time: aMCI 4% to 6%; naMCI 12% to 16%. Higher rates of MCI were found when using the LBC1936 normative data to derive MCI classification rather than UK-wide norms. CONCLUSIONS We found that MCI and aMCI rates in the LBC1936 were consistent with previous research. However, naMCI rates were higher than expected. Future LBC1936 research should assess the predictive factors associated with MCI prevalence to validate previous findings and identify novel risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Racine Maurice S, Hébert A, Turcotte V, Potvin O, Hudon C, Duchesne S. Childhood Socioeconomic Status Does Not Predict Late-Life Cognitive Decline in the 1936 Lothian Birth Cohort. Front Psychol 2021; 12:679044. [PMID: 34248779 PMCID: PMC8265392 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined childhood socioeconomic status (SES) as a predictor of later life cognitive decline. Data came from 519 participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study. SES measures at 11 years of age included parental educational attainment, father's occupational status, household characteristics and a composite measure of global childhood SES (i.e., a total of low SES childhood indicators). Cognitive abilities were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Exam at ages 69.8, 72.8 and 76.7 years. Most indicators of low childhood SES (i.e., father manual worker, less than secondary school father education, household overcrowding, exterior located toilet, and global childhood SES) did not predict cognitive decline between the ages of 69.8 and 76.7. Participants with less educated mothers showed an increase in cognitive decline (β = -0.132, p = 0.048, and CI = -0.80, -0.00). The relationship between maternal educational attainment and cognitive decline became non-significant when controlling for adult SES (i.e., participant educational attainment and occupation). Adult SES did not mediate the latter relationship. This study provides new evidence that childhood SES alone is not strongly associated with cognitive decline. New knowledge is critical to improving population health by identifying life span stages in which interventions might be effective in preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisone Hébert
- Faculté des Sciences Sociales, Êcole de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcotte
- Faculté des Sciences Sociales, Êcole de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Centre Intégré Universitaire en Santé et Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Potvin
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Centre Intégré Universitaire en Santé et Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carol Hudon
- Faculté des Sciences Sociales, Êcole de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Centre Intégré Universitaire en Santé et Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Centre Intégré Universitaire en Santé et Services Sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec, Canada
- Département de radiologie et médecine nucléaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Zhang JF, Lim HF, Chappell FM, Clancy U, Wiseman S, Valdés-Hernández MC, Garcia DJ, Bastin ME, Doubal FN, Hewins W, Cox SR, Maniega SM, Thrippleton M, Stringer M, Jardine C, McIntyre D, Barclay G, Hamilton I, Kesseler L, Murphy M, Perri CD, Wu YC, Wardlaw JM. Relationship between inferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities on brain MRI, ageing and cerebral small vessel disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:130-138. [PMID: 34274698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Raised signal in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) may indicate raised CSF protein or debris and is seen in inferior frontal sulci on routine MRI. To explore its clinical relevance, we assessed the association of inferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities (IFSH) on FLAIR with demographics, risk factors, and small vessel disease markers in three cohorts (healthy volunteers, n=44; mild stroke patients, n=105; older community-dwelling participants from Lothian birth cohort 1936, n=101). We collected detailed clinical data, scanned all subjects on the same 3T MRI scanner and 3-dimensional FLAIR sequence and developed a scale to rate IFSH. In adjusted analyses, the IFSH score increased with age (per 10-year increase; OR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.42-2.02), and perivascular spaces score in centrum semiovale in stroke patients (OR 1.73; 95% CI, 1.13-2.69). Since glymphatic CSF clearance declines with age and drains partially via the cribriform plate to the nasal lymphatics, IFSH on 3T MRI may be a non-invasive biomarker of altered CSF clearance and justifies further research in larger, more diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Francesca M Chappell
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Una Clancy
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart Wiseman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria C Valdés-Hernández
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniela Jaime Garcia
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fergus N Doubal
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Will Hewins
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Thrippleton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Stringer
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Donna McIntyre
- Edinburgh Imaging (RIE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gayle Barclay
- Edinburgh Imaging (RIE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Iona Hamilton
- Edinburgh Imaging (RIE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy Kesseler
- Edinburgh Imaging (RIE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Carol Di Perri
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Edinburgh Imaging and UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Taylor AM, Page D, Okely JA, Corley J, Welstead M, Skarabela B, Redmond P, Russ TC, Cox SR. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health, and lifestyle in Scottish octogenarians: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253153. [PMID: 34138930 PMCID: PMC8211159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about effects of COVID-19 lockdown on psychosocial factors, health and lifestyle in older adults, particularly those aged over 80 years, despite the risks posed by COVID-19 to this age group. Methods Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 members, residing mostly in Edinburgh and the surrounding Lothians regions in Scotland, mean age 84 years (SD = 0.3), responded to an online questionnaire in May 2020 (n = 190). We examined responses (experience and knowledge of COVID-19; adherence to guidance; impact on day-to-day living; social contact; self-reported physical and mental health; loneliness; and lifestyle) and relationships between previously-measured characteristics and questionnaire outcomes. Results Four respondents experienced COVID-19; most had good COVID-19 knowledge (94.7%) and found guidance easy to understand (86.3%). There were modest declines in self-reported physical and mental health, and 48.2% did less physical activity. In multivariable regression models, adherence to guidance by leaving the house less often associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.51–0.98) and poorer self-rated general health (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.42–0.92). Increased internet use associated with female sex (OR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.12–4.86) and higher general cognitive ability (OR = 1.53, 95%CI 1.03–2.33). Loneliness associated with living alone (OR = 0.15, 95%CI 0.07–0.31) and greater anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.76, 95%CI 0.45–1.24). COVID-19 related stress associated with lower emotional stability scores (OR = 0.40, 95%CI 0.24–0.62). Decreased physical activity associated with less professional occupational class (OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.04–1.96), and lower general cognitive ability (OR = 0.679, 95%CI 0.491–0.931). Conclusions Characteristics including cognitive function, occupational class, self-rated health, anxiety, and emotional stability, may be related to risk of poorer lockdown-related psychosocial and physical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele M. Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Page
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Judith A. Okely
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Welstead
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Barbora Skarabela
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C. Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohort Group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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