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Xia Y, Caya C, Morin V, Singh AE, Serhir B, Libman M, Goldfarb DM, Wong T, Xiu F, Bélanger R, Touchette JS, Yansouni CP, Maheu-Giroux M. The population-level impact of introducing rapid diagnostic tests on syphilis transmission in Canadian arctic communities - a mathematical modeling study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2024; 37:100845. [PMID: 39100242 PMCID: PMC11295708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Canadian Arctic communities have experienced sustained syphilis transmission, with diagnoses rates 18-times higher than the national average. Remoteness from laboratory facilities leads to delays between syphilis screening and treatment, contributing to onward transmission. Rapid diagnostic tests can eliminate treatment delays via testing at the point-of-care. This study aims to describe syphilis diagnostic gaps and to estimate the impact of introducing rapid diagnostic tests at the point-of-care on syphilis transmission. Methods To assess the population-level impact of deploying rapid diagnostic tests, an individual-based model was developed using detailed surveillance data, population surveys, and a prospective diagnostic accuracy field study. The model was calibrated to syphilis diagnoses (2017-2022) from a community of approximately 1,050 sexually active individuals. The impacts of implementing rapid diagnostic tests using whole blood (sensitivity: 92% for infectious and 81% for non-infectious syphilis; specificity: 99%) from 2023 onward was calculated using the annual median fraction of cumulative new syphilis infections averted over 2023-2032. Findings The median modeled syphilis incidence among sexually active individuals was 44 per 1,000 in 2023. Males aged 16-30 years exhibited a 51% lower testing rate than that of their female counterparts. Maintaining all interventions constant at their 2022 levels, implementing rapid diagnostic tests could avert a cumulative 33% (90% credible intervals: 18-43%) and 37% (21-46%) of new syphilis infections over 5 and 10 years, respectively. Increasing testing rates and contact tracing may enhance the effect of rapid diagnostic tests. Interpretation Implementing rapid diagnostic tests for syphilis in Arctic communities could reduce infections and enhance control of epidemics. Such effective diagnostic tools could enable rapid outbreak responses by providing same-day testing and treatment at the point-of-care. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chelsea Caya
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Morin
- Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Kuujjuaq, Québec, Canada
| | - Ameeta E. Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bouchra Serhir
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec/Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael Libman
- JD MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David M. Goldfarb
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tom Wong
- Indigenous Services Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fanyu Xiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard Bélanger
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Touchette
- Department of Public Health, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Québec, Canada
| | - Cédric P. Yansouni
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- JD MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Maheu-Giroux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Hed S, Berg AI, Hansson I, Kivi M, Waern M. Depressive symptoms across the retirement transition in men and women: associations with emotion regulation, adjustment difficulties and work centrality. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:643. [PMID: 39085792 PMCID: PMC11292945 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retirement is a major life event and factors driving depression in the retirement transition might differ in men and women. The aim was to prospectively study depressive symptoms across the retirement transition in men and women and to test associations with emotion regulation strategies (suppression and reappraisal), adjustment difficulties, and work centrality. METHODS The sample included 527 individuals from the population-based Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study who were working at baseline and retired during one of the following four annual measurement waves. Participants contributed with a total of 2635 observations across five measurement waves. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); total score was modelled as a function of time to and from retirement. Changes over the retirement transition were analyzed with multilevel growth curve models. Gender differences in associations with emotion regulation, adjustment difficulties and work centrality were examined by including interaction effects with sex. RESULTS We observed a general reduction of depressive symptoms in the early years of retirement in both men and women. Higher suppression was related to higher depression scores while higher cognitive reappraisal was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Women more often used cognitive reappraisal, and men more often suppression, but no significant gender interaction in associations with depressive symptoms could be shown. Retirement adjustment difficulties and greater importance of work for self-esteem were related to higher depression scores. Greater meaning of work, on the other hand, was related to lower levels of depressive symptoms, and this association was stronger in men. CONCLUSIONS There was a general reduction of depression scores in the early years of retirement in both women and men. Findings suggest that basing one's self-esteem on workplace performance was related to higher levels of depressive symptoms after retirement, while perceiving one's job as important and meaningful may facilitate better adjustment in terms of lower depression symptom levels, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hed
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Blå Stråket 15, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Dept of Neuropsychiatry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Centre for Ageing and Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anne Ingeborg Berg
- Centre for Ageing and Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Hansson
- Centre for Ageing and Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Kivi
- Centre for Ageing and Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margda Waern
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SU/Sahlgrenska, Blå Stråket 15, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Ageing and Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Psychosis Department, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Overbeek MF, Rutters F, Nieuwdorp M, Davids M, van Valkengoed I, Galenkamp H, van den Born BJ, Beulens JWJ, Muilwijk M. Plasma sphingolipids mediate the association between gut microbiome composition and type 2 diabetes risk in the HELIUS cohort: a case-cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e004180. [PMID: 39025794 PMCID: PMC11261679 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between the gut microbiome and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) is potentially partly mediated through sphingolipids, however these possible mediating mechanisms have not been investigated. We examined whether sphingolipids mediate the association between gut microbiome and T2D, using data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were of Dutch or South-Asian Surinamese ethnicity, aged 18-70 years, and without T2D at baseline. A case-cohort design (subcohort n=176, cases incident T2D n=36) was used. The exposure was measured by 16S rRNA sequencing (gut microbiome) and mediator by targeted metabolomics (sphingolipids). Dimensionality reduction was achieved by principle component analysis and Shannon diversity. Cox regression and procrustes analyses were used to assess the association between gut microbiome and T2D and sphingolipids and T2D, and between gut microbiome and sphingolipids, respectively. Mediation was tested familywise using mediation analysis with permutation testing and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Our study confirmed associations between gut microbiome and T2D and sphingolipids and T2D. Additionally, we showed that the gut microbiome was associated with sphingolipids. The association between gut microbiome and T2D was partly mediated by a sphingolipid principal component, which represents a dominance of ceramide species over more complex sphingolipids (HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.28; proportional explained 48%), and by Shannon diversity (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99; proportional explained 24.8%). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that sphingolipids mediate the association between microbiome and T2D risk. Future research is needed to confirm observed findings and elucidate causality on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Overbeek
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Davids
- Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Public Health, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joline W J Beulens
- Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirthe Muilwijk
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mekonen H, Negesse A, Dessie G, Desta M, Mihiret GT, Tarik YD, Kitaw TM, Getaneh T. Impact of HIV coinfection on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e087218. [PMID: 38969385 PMCID: PMC11228389 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the implementation of a short-term direct observation treatment programme, HIV coinfection is one of the main determinants of tuberculosis (TB) treatment success. This meta-analysis was conducted to report the impact of HIV on TB treatment outcomes using inconsistent and variable study findings. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. DATA SOURCES The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were used to access the articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for the critical appraisal. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All observational studies conducted in Ethiopia and reporting TB treatment outcomes in relation to HIV coinfection were included in the final analysis. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers extracted the data using a standardised data extraction format. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of primary studies. Stata V.14 was used for the data analysis. Cochran's Q statistic with inverse variance (I2) and funnel plot are used to assess the presence of heterogeneity (I2=94.4%, p<0.001) and publication bias, respectively. A random effect model was used to estimate TB treatment outcomes with a 95% CI. RESULTS The overall success rate of TB treatment was 69.9% (95% CI 64% to 75%). The cure rate of TB among patients living with HIV was 19.3%. Furthermore, the odds of unsuccessful treatment among TB-HIV coinfected patients were 2.6 times greater than those among HIV nonreactive patients (OR 2.65; 95% CI 2.1 to 3.3). CONCLUSION The success of TB treatment among patients living with HIV in Ethiopia was lower than the WHO standard threshold (85%). HIV coinfection hurts TB treatment success. Therefore, collaborative measurements and management, such as early treatment initiation, follow-up and the management of complications, are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habitamu Mekonen
- Human Nutrition, Debre Markos University College of Health Science, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Negesse
- Human Nutrition, Debre Markos University College of Health Science, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getenet Dessie
- Bahir Dar University College of Medical and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Desta
- Department of Midwifery, Debre Markos University College of Health Science, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Tilaye Mihiret
- Department of Midwifery, Debre Markos University College of Health Science, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yaregal Dessalew Tarik
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences Assosa University, Asosa, Benishangul, Ethiopia
| | | | - Temesgen Getaneh
- Department of Midwifery, Debre Markos University College of Health Science, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Girard A, Doucet A, Lambert M, Ouadfel S, Caron G, Hudon C. What is known about the role of external facilitators during the implementation of complex interventions in healthcare settings? A scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084883. [PMID: 38951001 PMCID: PMC11328637 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise current knowledge about the role of external facilitators as an individual role during the implementation of complex interventions in healthcare settings. DESIGN A scoping review was conducted. We reviewed original studies (between 2000 and 2023) about implementing an evidence-based complex intervention in a healthcare setting using external facilitators to support the implementation process. An information specialist used the following databases for the search strategy: MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, EMBASE (Scopus), Business Source Complete and SocINDEX. RESULTS 36 reports were included for analysis, including 34 different complex interventions. We performed a mixed thematic analysis to synthesise the data. We identified two primary external facilitator roles: lead facilitator and process expert facilitator. Process expert external facilitators have specific responsibilities according to their role and expertise in supporting three main processes: clinical, change management and knowledge/research management. CONCLUSIONS Future research should study processes supported by external facilitators and their relationship with facilitation strategies and implementation outcomes. Future systematic or realist reviews may also focus on outcomes and the effectiveness of external facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Girard
- School of Nursing, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amélie Doucet
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mireille Lambert
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Ouadfel
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Genève Caron
- Departement of Psychology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Hudon
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Tekeba B, Techane MA, Workneh BS, Zegeye AF, Gonete AT, Alemu TG, Wassie M, Kassie AT, Ali MS, Mekonen EG, Tamir TT. Mortality of neonates born to mothers of extreme reproductive age in Ethiopia; multilevel mixed effect analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey data of 2016. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1390952. [PMID: 39005505 PMCID: PMC11240850 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1390952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neonatal mortality is still a major public health problem in middle- and low-income countries like Ethiopia. Despite strategies and efforts made to reduce neonatal death, the mortality rate declines at a slower pace in the country. Though there are studies conducted on neonatal mortality and its determinants, our searches of the literature have found no study on the extent of mortality of neonates born to mothers of extreme reproductive age in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with the mortality of neonates born to mothers of extreme reproductive age in Ethiopia. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. The final study contained an overall weighted sample of 2,269 live births. To determine the significant factors in newborn deaths, a multilevel binary logistic regression was fitted. For measuring the clustering impact, the intra-cluster correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, proportional change in variance, and deviation were employed for model comparison. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was presented in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify statistically significant factors in neonatal mortality. A P-value of less than 0.05 was declared statistically significant. Results The neonatal mortality rate of babies born to extreme aged reproductive women in Ethiopia was 34 (95% Cl, 22.2%-42.23%) per 1,000 live birth. Being twin pregnancy (AOR = 10; 95% Cl: 8.61-20.21), being from pastoralist region (AOR = 3.9; 95% Cl: 1.71-8.09), having larger baby size (AOR = 2.93; 95% Cl: 1.4-9.12) increase the odds of neonatal mortality. On the other hand, individual level media exposure (AOR = 0.3; 95% Cl: 0.09-0.91) and community level media exposure (AOR = 0.24; 95% Cl: 0.07-0.83), being term gestation (AOR = 0.14; 95% Cl: 0.01-0.81) decreases the odds of neonatal mortality born to mothers of extreme reproductive age. Conclusion Ethiopia had a greater rate of neonatal death among babies born at the extremes of reproductive age than overall reproductive life. Multiple pregnancies, larger baby sizes, emerging regions, term gestation, and media exposure were found to be significant factors associated with the mortality of neonates born to mothers of extreme reproductive age. Therefore, the concerned bodies should give emphasis to mothers giving birth before the age of 20 and above 35, access to media, healthy pregnancy, and special attention to pastoralists to reduce the burden of neonatal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhan Tekeba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Asmare Techane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Shetie Workneh
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Ferede Zegeye
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Almaz Tefera Gonete
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Getaneh Alemu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Wassie
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemneh Tadesse Kassie
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Seid Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Enyew Getaneh Mekonen
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tarik Tamir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Omondi Aduda DS, Agot K, Ohaga S, Aoko A, Onyango J, Toroitich-Ruto C, Kambona C, Odoyo-June E. Facility characteristics preferred by older men seeking medical male circumcision services in Kenya: qualitative findings from the 'Tasco' study (May 2014-June 2016). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1718. [PMID: 38937707 PMCID: PMC11210051 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary healthcare facilities are central to the implementation of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as points of access to integrated health services in line with the Kenya AIDS Strategic Framework II (2020/21-2024/25). Knowledge of factors that explain men's uptake of VMMC and sexual health services at these facilities and preferences of where to get the services remain poorly understood. Using qualitative methodologies, we examined factors that determined facility choice for VMMC services and reasons for preferring the facility among men aged 25-39 years who previously underwent VMMC. The current study draws from focus group discussion interviews with circumcised men and their partners conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial to assess impact of two demand creation interventions in western Kenya. This involved 12 focus group discussions (FGD) with 6-10 participants each. Six FGDs were conducted with circumcised men, and 6 with their sex partners. Thematic issues relevant to a predetermined framework were identified. The themes were organized as follows: service availability, accessibility, affordability, appropriateness and, acceptability. Facility location, physical layout, organization of patient flow, infrastructure, and service provider skills were the outstanding factors affecting the choice of VMMC service outlets by men aged 25-39 years. Additionally, preferences were influenced by individual's disposition, attitudes, knowledge of VMMC services and tacit balance between their own recognized health needs versus desire to conform to social-cultural norms. Facility choice and individual preference are intricate issues, simultaneously involving multiple but largely intra-personal and facility-level factors. The intrapersonal dimensions elicited may also reflect differential responses to strategic communications and demand creation messages with promotion and prevention frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickens S Omondi Aduda
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya.
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - Kawango Agot
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Spala Ohaga
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Appolonia Aoko
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Division of Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob Onyango
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Cathy Toroitich-Ruto
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Division of Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caroline Kambona
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Division of Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah Odoyo-June
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Division of Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
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Zeleke G, Mekonnen A, Abuhay T, Agimas MC. Proportion of early treatment seeking for sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among patients attending youth friendly service in Bahir Dar City health centers, Northwest, Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2024; 21:85. [PMID: 38879531 PMCID: PMC11179198 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infection is a common public health issue of youths and is characteristically transmitted through sexual intercourse. Even though early treatment for sexually transmitted infection is very important to reduce further complications and economic burden, studies to identify the proportion and the possible factor of early treatment seeking is rare in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE To assess the proportion of early treatment seeking for sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among patients attending youth friendly service in Bahir Dar city health centers, northwest, Ethiopia 2023. METHOD Institutional based Cross-sectional study was used among 407 participants from April 25 to May 24 /2023. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the participants. An interview-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, whereas Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and the statistical package for statistical science version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. A frequency table and bar chart were used for descriptive analysis. Multiple binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors at p-value of <0.05. The necessary assumption of the model was also checked by the Hosmer and Lemishow test. RESULTS The response rate of this study was 391 (96.1%) and the proportion of early treatment for sexually transmitted infection was 108 (27.6%, 95%CI; 23-32). Good knowledge about sexually transmitted infection (AOR=1.98, 95CI%; 1.13-3.47) know about their HIV status (AOR=1.95, 95%CI; 1.13-3.36), perceive severity of sexually transmitted infection (AOR=11.23, 95%CI; 6.15-20.45), and not fear the stigma about being infected with sexually transmitted infection (AOR=2.29, 95%CI; 1.32-3.96) were the significantly associated factors for early treatment of sexually transmitted infection. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The proportion of early treatment for sexually transmitted infection in Bahir Dar city was low. Knowledge about STIs, testing/ knowing HIV status, perception of the severity about sexually transmitted infection, and fear of stigma about sexually transmitted infection were the statistically significant factors for early treatment of sexually transmitted infection. So the government better give attention to health education and other health promotion activities to increase the knowledge of youths about sexually transmitted infection and to change their perception of sexually transmitted infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Zeleke
- Han health center, Bahir Dar health department, Bahir Dar, Amhara region, Ethiopia
| | - Alemtshay Mekonnen
- Department of reproductive health, college of medicine and health sciences, Bahir Dar university, Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Abuhay
- Department of reproductive health, college of medicine and health sciences, Bahir Dar university, Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Chanie Agimas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, institute of public health, college of medicine and health sciences, university of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Tamir TT. Neonatal mortality rate and determinants among births of mothers at extreme ages of reproductive life in low and middle income countries. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12596. [PMID: 38824152 PMCID: PMC11144189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal mortality, which refers to the death of neonates during the first 28 completed days of life, is a critical global public health concern. The neonatal period is widely recognized as one of the most precarious phases in human life. Research has indicated that maternal extreme ages during reproductive years significantly impact neonatal survival, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the neonatal mortality rate and determinants among neonates born to mothers at extreme reproductive ages within these countries. A secondary analysis of demographic and health surveys conducted between 2015 and 2022 in 43 low- and middle-income countries was performed. The study included a total sample of 151,685 live births. Researchers utilized a multilevel mixed-effects model to identify determinants of neonatal mortality. The measures of association were evaluated using the adjusted odds ratio within a 95% confidence interval. The neonatal mortality rate among neonates born to mothers at extreme ages of reproductive life in low- and middle-income countries was 28.96 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births (95% CI 28.13-29.82). Factors associated with higher rates of neonatal mortality include male gender, low and high birth weight, maternal education (no or low), home deliveries, multiple births, short preceding birth intervals, lack of postnatal checkups, and countries with high fertility and low literacy rates. This study sheds light on the neonatal mortality rates among neonates born to mothers at extreme ages of reproductive life in low- and middle-income countries. Notably, we found that neonatal mortality was significantly higher in this group compared to neonatal mortality rates reported regardless of maternal ages. Male babies, low and high birth-weighted babies, those born to mothers with no or low education, delivered at home, singletons, babies born with a small preceding birth interval, and those without postnatal checkups faced elevated risks of neonatal mortality. Additionally, neonates born in countries with high fertility and low literacy rates were also vulnerable. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions tailored to mothers at extreme ages. Policymakers and healthcare providers should prioritize strategies that address specific risk factors prevalent in these vulnerable populations. By doing so, we can improve neonatal outcomes and ensure the survival of these newborns during the critical neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Tarik Tamir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Rahilly J, Amies-Cull B, Chang M, Cummins S, Derbyshire D, Hassan S, Huang Y, Keeble M, Liu B, Medina-Lara A, Mytton O, Rogers N, Savory B, Schiff A, Sharp SJ, Smith R, Thompson C, White M, Adams J, Burgoine T. Changes in the number of new takeaway food outlets associated with adoption of management zones around schools: A natural experimental evaluation in England. SSM Popul Health 2024; 26:101646. [PMID: 38650739 PMCID: PMC11033196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
By the end of 2017, 35 local authorities (LAs) across England had adopted takeaway management zones (or "exclusion zones") around schools as a means to curb proliferation of new takeaways. In this nationwide, natural experimental study, we evaluated the impact of management zones on takeaway retail, including unintended displacement of takeaways to areas immediately beyond management zones, and impacts on chain fast-food outlets. We used uncontrolled interrupted time series analyses to estimate changes from up to six years pre- and post-adoption of takeaway management zones around schools. We evaluated three outcomes: mean number of new takeaways within management zones (and by three identified sub-types: full management, town centre exempt and time management zones); mean number on the periphery of management zones (i.e. within an additional 100 m of the edge of zones); and presence of new chain fast-food outlets within management zones. For 26 LAs, we observed an overall decrease in the number of new takeaways opening within management zones. Six years post-intervention, we observed 0.83 (95% CI -0.30, -1.03) fewer new outlets opening per LA than would have been expected in absence of the intervention, equivalent to an 81.0% (95% CI -29.1, -100) reduction in the number of new outlets. Cumulatively, 12 (54%) fewer new takeaways opened than would have been expected over the six-year post-intervention period. When stratified by policy type, effects were most prominent for full management zones and town centre exempt zones. Estimates of intervention effects on numbers of new takeaways on the periphery of management zones, and on the presence of new chain fast-food outlets within management zones, did not meet statistical significance. Our findings suggest that management zone policies were able to demonstrably curb the proliferation of new takeaways. Modelling studies are required to measure the possible population health impacts associated with this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rahilly
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Ben Amies-Cull
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Chang
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Daniel Derbyshire
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Suzan Hassan
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Yuru Huang
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Keeble
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bochu Liu
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonieta Medina-Lara
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Oliver Mytton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Nina Rogers
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Bea Savory
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Tropical Hygiene and Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Annie Schiff
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Claire Thompson
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Thomas Burgoine
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Wang KN, Etherton-Beer CD, Sanfilippo F, Page AT. Development of a list of Australian potentially inappropriate medicines using the Delphi technique. Intern Med J 2024; 54:980-1002. [PMID: 38303674 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older people are at high risk of medicines-related harms. otentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) list has been developed to assist clinicians and researchers to identify medicines with risks that may potentially outweigh their benefits in order to improve medication management and safety. AIM To develop a list of PIMs for older people specific to Australia. METHODS The study obtained expert consensus through the utilisation of the Delphi technique in Australia. A total of 33 experts partook in the initial round, while 32 experts engaged in the subsequent round. The primary outcomes encompass medicines assessed as potentially inappropriate, the specific contexts in which their inappropriateness arises and potentially safer alternatives. RESULTS A total of 16 medicines or medicine classes had one or more medicines deemed as potentially inappropriate in older people. Up to 19 medicines or medicine classes had specific conditions that make them more potentially inappropriate, while alternatives were suggested for 16 medicines or classes. CONCLUSION An explicit PIMs list for older people living in Australia has been developed containing 19 drugs/drug classes. The PIMs list is intended to be used as a guide for clinicians when assessing medication appropriateness in older people in Australian clinical settings and does not substitute individualised treatment advice from clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate N Wang
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher D Etherton-Beer
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frank Sanfilippo
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Centre, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amy T Page
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Kapse G, Agnihotri S, Sekhsaria P, Sastry M. Analysing the interlinkage between diarrhoea and drinking water faecal contamination in India. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:1111-1124. [PMID: 38935461 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Diarrhoea is one of the major waterborne diseases spread through the faecal-oral route causing over 10 million cases and over 1,000 deaths per year in India. This study critically evaluates the interlinkage between bacteriological water quality, i.e. faecal coliforms and diarrhoea cases for the three pre-pandemic years 2017, 2018 and 2019 based on multiple sources. With around 17% of households tap water connectivity as of August 2019, the majority of the Indian population depends on raw groundwater (GW) and surface water sources. For this, faecal coliform (FC) levels in surface and GW have been mapped at district levels using data from India's National Water Quality Monitoring Programme. Health Management Information System's data on diarrhoea have been used to understand the monthly and district-wise variation of diarrhoea. The trends of FC, diarrhoea inpatient cases, and diarrhoea inpatient rates have been discussed. The analysis showed issues associated with the reliability and usefulness of these datasets with 43% of total India districts with no reported FC values for the study period. This study reveals a clear gap in the interlinkage between diarrhoea and bacteriological water quality with the unavailability of granular water quality data as a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kapse
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Powai, Mumbai 400076, MH, India; Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH, India; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Satish Agnihotri
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Pankaj Sekhsaria
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Murali Sastry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia E-mail:
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Cordoba E, Garofalo R, Kuhns LM, Pearson C, Scott Batey D, Janulis P, Jia H, Bruce J, Hidalgo MA, Hirshfield S, Radix A, Belkind U, Duncan DT, Kim B, Schnall R. Neighborhood-level characteristics as effect modifiers on the efficacy of the MyPEEPS mobile intervention in same-sex attracted adolescent men. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102726. [PMID: 38689890 PMCID: PMC11059328 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To estimate the effect of neighborhood-level modification on the efficacy of the MyPEEPS Mobile intervention on the reduction of condomless anal sex acts among same-sex attracted adolescent men. A series of generalized linear mixed model was used to examine if the effect of the MyPEEPS Mobile intervention on condomless anal sex acts was moderated by neighborhood-level factors using data from the 2019 American Community Survey US Census Bureau. "The magnitudes of intervention were significantly smaller at both 6- and 9-month follow-up among adolescents living in neighborhood with high proportions of Hispanic or Latino residents (IRR6M = 1.02, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.02; IRR9M = 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.05) and high proportions of families with income below the poverty level (IRR6M = 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.12; IRR9M = 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.10), which indicated that living in communities with a higher concentration of residents living under poverty or of Hispanic/and Latino ethnicity significantly modified the effective of program intervention on condomless sex among adolescent MSM. Understanding how neighborhood characteristics modify the effect of HIV prevention interventions may be useful in better targeting delivery and tailoring content of interventions based on neighborhood level characteristics such as the ones identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette Cordoba
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert Garofalo
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa M. Kuhns
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cynthia Pearson
- Indigenous Wellness Research Institute, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15 Avenue Northeast, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - D. Scott Batey
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, 127 Elk Place, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patrick Janulis
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haomiao Jia
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Josh Bruce
- Birmingham AIDS Outreach, 205 32 Street, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Marco A. Hidalgo
- Division of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 911 Broxton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Sabina Hirshfield
- STAR Program, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 1240, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Asa Radix
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, 356 West 18 Street, New York, NY, 10011, USA
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Uri Belkind
- Callen-Lorde Community Health Center, 356 West 18 Street, New York, NY, 10011, USA
| | - Dustin T. Duncan
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Byoungjun Kim
- Department of Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA & Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Schnall
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Population and Family Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Hemrungrojn S, Amrapala A, Maes M. Construction of a short version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) rating scale for the Thai population using Partial Least Squares analysis. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:16-27. [PMID: 35695242 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2082966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) rating scale is frequently used to assess cognitive impairments in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to a) evaluate the construct validity of the MoCA and its subdomains or whether the MoCA can be improved by feature reduction, and b) develop a short version of the MoCA (MoCA-Brief) for the Thai population. METHODS We recruited 181 participants, namely 60 healthy controls, 61 aMCI, and 60 AD patients. RESULTS The construct reliability of the original MoCA was not optimal and could be improved by deleting one subdomain (Naming) and five items, namely Clock Circle, Lion, Digit Forward, Repeat 2nd Sentence, and Place, which showed inadequate loadings on their latent vectors. To construct the MoCA-Brief, the reduced model underwent further reduction and feature selection based on model quality data of the outer models. We produced a MoCA-Brief rating scale comprising five items, namely Clock Time, Subtract 7, Fluency, Month, and Year. The first latent vector extracted from these five indicators showed adequate construct validity with an Average Variance Extracted of 0.599, composite reliability of 0.822, Cronbach's alpha of 0.832 and rho A of 0.833. The MoCA-Brief factor score showed a strong correlation with the total MoCA score (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) and shows adequate concurrent, test-retest, and inter-rater validity. CONCLUSION The construct validity of the MoCA may be improved by deleting five items. The new MoCA-Brief rating scale deserves validation in independent samples and especially in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaphat Hemrungrojn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychiatry Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arisara Amrapala
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychiatry Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Biopsychiatry Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv and Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Geelong, Australia
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Arredondo-Rivera M, Barois Z, Monti GE, Steketee J, Daburon A. Bridging Food Systems and One Health: A key to preventing future pandemics? One Health 2024; 18:100727. [PMID: 38628630 PMCID: PMC11019457 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Food Systems and One Health are two approaches increasingly known for the holistic perspective they bring when addressing the issues that concern them: food and health. This systematic literature review aims to explore the evidence for using these approaches in a concerted manner to better manage zoonoses. By zoonoses management, we refer to improving the ability to address current zoonoses as well as preventing future ones. A total of 98 scientific articles were screened, of which 29 were considered eligible due to their focus on operationalizing each approach to help address zoonoses, as well as a combination of the two. Most articles implement One Health to prevent zoonoses by guiding stakeholders in concerted and participatory decision-making processes. However, the One Health approach can also be adopted via data modelling. Several articles refer to the monitoring and evaluation process of One Health initiatives to prevent zoonoses and discuss best practices to successfully implement the approach. Contrastingly, only three studies adopt a Food System approach to manage zoonoses, despite the profound connections existing between our food systems and the emergence of zoonotic risks. We conclude that there is a lack of integration between the One Health and Food System approaches to manage zoonoses. We also show that experts call for integration, so that not only human, animal, plant, and environmental health are considered, but also the socio-economic trade-offs when monitoring and developing strategies to manage zoonoses. This can be reversed, enabling zoonotic risks to be addressed when planning for our food systems of tomorrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Arredondo-Rivera
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, Atlas (gebouw 104), Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zoe Barois
- Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Enrique Monti
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1 (Campus) Building no. 107, 6702 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Steketee
- Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annabelle Daburon
- Wageningen Centre for Development Innovation, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Silva-Fernandes A, Conde A, Marques M, Caparros-Gonzalez RA, Fransson E, Mesquita AR, Figueiredo B, Skalkidou A. Inflammatory biomarkers and perinatal depression: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0280612. [PMID: 38820411 PMCID: PMC11142563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10 to 20% of pregnant women worldwide experience perinatal depression (PND), a depressive episode with onset during pregnancy or after childbirth. We performed a systematic review to identify, summarize and discuss studies on inflammatory biomarkers described in relation to PND. METHOD Inclusion criteria defined the selection of observational studies written in English, French, Spanish or Portuguese, that evaluate analytical levels of inflammatory molecules (protein levels) in biological fluids in women, with a diagnosis of depression using ICD/DSM diagnostic criteria or depressive symptoms assessed by standardized psychometric instruments, during pregnancy and/or postpartum. Case reports, experimental studies, reviews, qualitative analysis, meta-analysis, gray literature or replicated data were excluded. Three electronic databases were used for search (Pubmed, Web of Science and PsychInfo) and quality assessment of selected studies were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data extraction included study design; number of subjects; obstetric information; tools and timepoints of depression and inflammatory markers assessment. RESULTS 56 studies (sample size for cross-sectional and case-control studies ranging from 10 to 469; sample size for longitudinal studies ranging from 26 to 467), where the major aim was to analyze the association between depression and inflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy and postpartum period were included in this systematic review. Overall, the findings of our systematic review lend support to the hypothesis that several inflammatory markers may be associated with peripartum depressive symptoms. The associations were somewhat different looking at pregnancy compared to the delivery time-point and postpartum, and mainly referred to increased levels of IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF-α among depressed. DISCUSSION In summary, our systematic review findings provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that several inflammatory markers may correlate with peripartum depressive symptoms. However, our work also highlighted notable differences in the timing of biological sampling for inflammatory markers and in the methodologies used to assess depression during the perinatal period. Additionally, variations were observed in how inflammatory biomarkers and depression were approached, including their classification as exposure or outcome variables, and the timing of assessments. It is essential for future research to investigate the influence of biological fluids and the timing of assessments for both inflammatory biomarkers and depression to gain a deeper understanding of their association. This comprehensive exploration is pivotal for elucidating the intricate relationship between inflammation and perinatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Silva-Fernandes
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Conde
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Marques
- Faculdade de Psicologia, CICPSI, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael A. Caparros-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ana Raquel Mesquita
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ProChild CoLab Against Poverty and Social Exclusion–Association (ProChild CoLAB) Campus de Couros Rua de Vila Flor, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Figueiredo
- Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alkistis Skalkidou
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zavala E, Mohan D, Ali H, Siddiqua TJ, Haque R, Ayesha K, Ahsan KB, Sujan HM, Khaled N, Rahman A, Chakraborty B, Dyer B, Wu LSF, Kalbarczyk A, Erchick DJ, Thorne-Lyman AL, Tumilowicz A, Afsana K, Christian P. Targeting strategies for balanced energy and protein (BEP) supplementation in pregnancy: study protocol for the TARGET-BEP cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh. Trials 2024; 25:315. [PMID: 38741174 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends balanced energy and protein (BEP) supplementation be provided to all pregnant women living in undernourished populations, usually defined as having a prevalence > 20% of underweight women, to reduce the risk of stillbirths and small-for-gestational-age neonates. Few geographies meet this threshold, however, and a large proportion of undernourished women and those with inadequate gestational weight gain could miss benefiting from BEP. This study compares the effectiveness of individual targeting approaches for supplementation with micronutrient-fortified BEP vs. multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) alone as control in pregnancy in improving birth outcomes. METHODS The TARGET-BEP study is a four-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in rural northwestern Bangladesh. Eligible participants are married women aged 15-35 years old identified early in pregnancy using a community-wide, monthly, urine-test-based pregnancy detection system. Beginning at 12-14 weeks of gestation, women in the study area comprising 240 predefined sectors are randomly assigned to one of four intervention arms, with sector serving as the unit of randomization. The interventions involving daily supplementation through end of pregnancy are as follows: (1) MMS (control); (2) BEP; (3) targeted BEP for those with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 and MMS for others; (4) targeted BEP for those with pre-pregnancy BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, MMS for others, and women with inadequate gestational weight gain switched from MMS to BEP until the end of pregnancy. Primary outcomes include birth weight, low birth weight (< 2500 g), and small for gestational age, defined using the 10th percentile of the INTERGROWTH-21st reference, for live-born infants measured within 72 h of birth. Project-hired local female staff visit pregnant women monthly to deliver the assigned supplements, monitor adherence biweekly, and assess weight regularly during pregnancy. Trained data collectors conduct pregnancy outcome assessment and measure newborn anthropometry in the facility or home depending on the place of birth. DISCUSSION This study will assess the effectiveness of targeted balanced energy and protein supplementation to improve birth outcomes among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh and similar settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05576207. Registered on October 5th, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonor Zavala
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Diwakar Mohan
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nazrana Khaled
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Atiya Rahman
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Brian Dyer
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Lee S F Wu
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Anna Kalbarczyk
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daniel J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Andrew L Thorne-Lyman
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Kaosar Afsana
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
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Engheepi FBP, Sonowal NJ, Visi V, Rai AD. Quality of life among community-dwelling elderly in rural and urban areas of Himalayan region, Northeast India: An analysis of factors affecting well-being. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1720-1726. [PMID: 38948588 PMCID: PMC11213409 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1426_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is a dearth of literature on the quality of life (QOL) experienced by the elderly population in the hilly terrains of the Himalayan region. The objective of this study was to highlight the QOL among community-dwelling elderly residing in rural and urban areas of the Himalayan region, Northeast India. Materials and Method A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 450 participants (324 in rural and 126 in urban areas) aged 60 years and above. The QOL score was assessed with the help of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life-Brief Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Mann-Whitney U test was performed to find out the difference in QOL between rural and urban areas. Binary logistic regression was conducted to find the association of QOL with demographic variables. Results The total mean QOL scores of elderlies in rural areas (39.4 ± 11.3) were significantly lower compared to urban areas (51.1 ± 11.5). QOL scores in all four domains were found to be low among elderly living in rural areas as compared to urban areas. Among the four domains, environmental QOL was found to be the lowest in both rural (29.5 ± 16.0) and urban areas (46.5 ± 17.2). Determinants of QOL differ in urban and rural areas. Conclusion QOL was found to be significantly lower among the elderly residing in rural areas as compared to urban areas. Targeted interventions and policies are necessary to address environmental challenges to improve the overall QOL of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita J. Sonowal
- Sikkim Manipal College of Physiotherapy, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Vizovonuo Visi
- Department of Community Medicine, Nagaland Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kohima, Nagaland, India
| | - Ajoy Daniel Rai
- Sikkim Manipal College of Physiotherapy, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
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Jain M, Meshram P, Bang A, Chauhan V, Datta V, Dhanireddy R. Implementation of a quality improvement initiative for standardising essential newborn care in a teaching public hospital in rural central India. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e001869. [PMID: 38626941 PMCID: PMC11029480 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2022-001869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to refine the essential newborn care practices by employing the multidisciplinary peer team-led quality improvement (QI) projects. DESIGN In 2017, concerning the same, the department focused on early initiation of breast feeding, prevention of hypothermia within an hour of life and rational usage of antibiotics among babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Baseline data reported the rate of initiation of breast feeding, hypothermia and antibiotic exposure rate as 35%, 78% and 75%, respectively. Root causes were analysed and a series of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were conducted to test the changes. The process of change was studied through run charts (whereas control charts were used for study purpose). RESULT After the implementation of the QI projects, the rate of initiation of breast feeding was found to be improved from 35% to 90%, the incidence of hypothermia got reduced from 78% to 10% and the antibiotic exposure rate declined from 75% to 20%. Along with the improvement in indicators related to essential newborn care, down the stream we found a decrease in the percentage of culture-positive sepsis rate in the NICU. CONCLUSION Peer team-led QI initiatives in a resource-limited setting proved beneficial in improving essential newborn care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- Pediatrics, MGIMS, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Payal Meshram
- Paediatric, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akash Bang
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Varsha Chauhan
- Paediatric, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram Datta
- Neonatology, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Neonatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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20
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Russo-Netzer P, Atad OI. Activating values intervention: an integrative pathway to well-being. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1375237. [PMID: 38629035 PMCID: PMC11018899 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study expands the existing knowledge base regarding positive psychology interventions (PPIs), by employing an integrative approach to explore the potential benefits of translating values into action. Methods Participants (n = 476) were randomly assigned to the Activating Values intervention, the affirmation-only, or the control (no treatment) group. The intervention involved participants choosing a life area they valued, affirming its importance, identifying a specific action related to that valued area, and then planning and carrying out that chosen action within the following week. Data was collected at baseline and three follow-up points: one, two, and three weeks after the intervention. Results Results suggest that the intervention contributes to the participants' well-being, including increased self-insight, sense of coherence, and prioritizing meaning, and decreased symptoms of psychopathology. Exploratory content analyses provide a deeper understanding of the content and frequency of activities chosen and the enabling conditions. Discussion The discussion explores the findings within this intersection as well as ramifications for brief, scalable interventions to support and promote well-being.
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21
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Li X, Dessie Y, Mwanyika-Sando M, Assefa N, Millogo O, Manu A, Chukwu A, Bukenya J, Patil R, Zou S, Zhang H, Nurhussien L, Tinkasimile A, Bärnighausen T, Shinde S, Fawzi WW, Tang K. Co-occurrence of and factors associated with health risk behaviors among adolescents: a multi-center study in sub-Saharan Africa, China, and India. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 70:102525. [PMID: 38533342 PMCID: PMC10963189 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite lifelong and detrimental effects, the co-occurrence of health risk behaviors (HRBs) during adolescence remains understudied in low- and middle-income countries. This study examines the co-occurrence of HRBs and its correlates among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, China, and India. Methods A multi-country cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022, involving 9697 adolescents (aged 10-19 years) from eight countries, namely Burkina Faso, China, Ethiopia, India, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. A standardized questionnaire was administered to examine five types of HRBs - physical inactivity, poor dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behavior. Latent class analysis was employed to identify clustering patterns among the behaviors, and logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of these patterns. Findings Three clusters of HRBs were identified, with Cluster 1 (27.73%) characterized by the absence of any specific risky behavior, Cluster 2 (68.16%) characterized by co-occurrence of physical inactivity and poor dietary habits, and Cluster 3 (4.11%) characterized by engagement in smoking, alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behavior. Relative to Cluster 1, being in Cluster 2 was associated with being female (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32), not enrolled in education (aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99), and not engaged in paid work (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08-1.41). Compared with those Cluster 1, adolescents in Cluster 3 were less likely to be female (aOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.32-0.54), be engaged in paid work (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.41-0.71), more likely to be older (aOR 7.56, 95% CI 5.18-11.03), not be enrolled in educational institution (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.27-2.38), and more likely to live with guardians other than parents (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.19-2.05). Interpretation The significant clustering patterns of HRBs among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, China, and India highlights the urgent need for convergent approaches to improve adolescent health behaviors. Early life and school-based programs aimed at promoting healthy behaviors and preventing risky and unhealthy behaviors should be prioritized to equip adolescents with the tools and skills for lifelong well-being. Funding Fondation Botnar (Grant #INV-037672) and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, partially funded this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adom Manu
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Angela Chukwu
- Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Siyu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Hanxiyue Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Lina Nurhussien
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States of America
| | | | - Till Bärnighausen
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States of America
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sachin Shinde
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States of America
| | - Wafaie W. Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, United States of America
| | - Kun Tang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, China
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Juniour Nsubuga E, Kirabo J, Kwiringira A, Andaku L, Magona Nerima S, Nsubuga F, Nakazzi R, Kwesiga B, Bulage L, Kadobera D, Edward Okello P, Riolexus Ario A. Factors associated with acute watery diarrhea among children aged 0-59 months in Obongi District, Uganda, April 2022: A case-control study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 40:102666. [PMID: 38435417 PMCID: PMC10904186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrheal diseases, are major concerns for Ugandan children; persistent in Obongi District despite high rotavirus vaccination rates (2019-2021). The district recorded the country's highest annual acute watery diarrhea (AWD) incidence from 2017 to 2021. Our study, conducted in April 2022, assessed AWD risk factors among 0-59-month-old children in Obongi. Methods We conducted a 1:2 (193:386) unmatched case-control study. A case was a child (0-59 months) with ≥ 3 loose/liquid stools/day, negative malaria/pneumonia tests, residing in Itula/Parolinya subcounty from 1 to 30 April 2022. Medical records from 10 facilities were reviewed. Simple random sampling identified cases, who were interviewed, and controls were randomly chosen from non-AWD neighboring households. Child health cards provided vaccination details. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with AWD. Results Among 193 cases and 386 controls, 104 (54 %) cases and 183 (47 %) controls were male, 58 (30 %) cases and 127 (33 %) controls were aged 12-23 months, 187 (97 %) cases and 369 (96 %) controls had received at least one dose of rotavirus vaccine, 58 (30 %) cases and 120 (34 %) controls treated drinking water. Comorbidity presence (undernutrition, diabetes, HIV) (AOR = 12; CI: 2.5-53), caregiver's unwashed hands post-toilet (AOR = 3.9; CI: 1.2-13), and borehole vs. piped water (AOR = 4.0; CI: 1.7-9.6) linked to AWD. Conclusion Modifiable factors, including failure of caregivers to wash their hands with soap after visiting toilets and use of borehole water were associated with AWD, suggesting that community sensitization on handwashing at critical times, using clean water and soap, and expanded use of piped water could reduce AWD incidence in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edirisa Juniour Nsubuga
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jireh Kirabo
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Kwiringira
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Linus Andaku
- District Health Office, Obongi District Local Government, Uganda
| | | | - Fred Nsubuga
- Uganda National Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Benon Kwesiga
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lilian Bulage
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Daniel Kadobera
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Edward Okello
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Riolexus Ario
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Aghababaeian H, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Kiarsi M, Sarfaraz H, Ahvazi LA, Maniey M. The practices of heat adaptation among elderly in Dezful: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:85. [PMID: 38720692 PMCID: PMC11078460 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_134_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Useful experiences of the elderly in adapting to the environment may play an important role in formulating future policies. This study was conducted to explain the past experiences of the elderly in Dezful in adapting to heat. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted with a qualitative research approach and a qualitative content analysis method in 2020 and 2021. The experiences of 18 elderly in Dezful were collected through semi-structured interviews via recording, face-to-face interviews, and data observation. Sampling was performed by the purpose-based method, and the data of this stage were analyzed using a content analysis approach using the Zhang and Wildemuth method. RESULTS During the data analysis process, three main themes were extracted, including psychophysiological, socioeconomic, and environmental adaptation. Also, twelve subthemes including changes in physiological conditions, urban architecture, house architecture, diet, clothing, business conditions, mindset, life conditions, and the use of factors (spirituality, experience, and natural capacities) were extracted. CONCLUSION Explaining the experiences of the elderly in Dezful, who have lived with heat for many years, can provide better identification of solutions and more tangible experiences of adaptation to heat for other communities. These experiences can be used in urban, cultural, and social planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aghababaeian
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
- Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Climate Change and Health Research Center (CCHRC), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kiarsi
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
- Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Hossein Sarfaraz
- Asistant Professor of Communication, Department of Communication Studies, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Aragi Ahvazi
- Center for Climate Change and Health Research (CCCHR), Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mohammad Maniey
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ran X, Meara E, Morden NE, Moen EL, Rockmore DN, O’Malley AJ. Estimating the impact of physician risky-prescribing on the network structure underlying physician shared-patient relationships. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4139630. [PMID: 38585838 PMCID: PMC10996792 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4139630/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Social network analysis and shared-patient physician networks have become effective ways of studying physician collaborations. Assortative mixing or "homophily" is the network phenomenon whereby the propensity for similar individuals to form ties is greater than for dissimilar individuals. Motivated by the public health concern of risky-prescribing among older patients in the United States, we develop network models and tests involving novel network measures to study whether there is evidence of geographic homophily in prescribing and deprescribing in the specific shared-patient network of physicians linked to the US state of Ohio in 2014. Evidence of homophily in risky-prescribing would imply that prescribing behaviors help shape physician networks and could inform interventions to reduce risky-prescribing (e.g., should interventions target groups of physicians or select physicians at random). Furthermore, if such effects varied depending on the structural features of a physician's position in the network (e.g., by whether or not they are involved in cliques - groups of actors that are fully connected to each other - such as closed triangles in the case of three actors), this would further strengthen the case for targeting of select physicians for interventions. Using accompanying Medicare Part D data, we converted patient longitudinal prescription receipts into novel measures of the intensity of each physician's risky-prescribing. Exponential random graph models were used to simultaneously estimate the importance of homophily in prescribing and deprescribing in the network beyond the characteristics of physician specialty (or other metadata) and network-derived features. In addition, novel network measures were introduced to allow homophily to be characterized in relation to specific triadic (three-actor) structural configurations in the network with associated non-parametric randomization tests to evaluate their statistical significance in the network against the null hypothesis of no such phenomena. We found physician homophily in prescribing and deprescribing in both the state-wide and multiple HRR sub-networks, and that the level of homophily varied across HRRs. We also found that physicians exhibited within-triad homophily in risky-prescribing, with the prevalence of homophilic triads significantly higher than expected by chance absent homophily. These results may explain why communities of prescribers emerge and evolve, helping to justify group-level prescriber interventions. The methodology could be applied to arbitrary shared-patient networks and even more generally to other kinds of network data that underlies other kinds of social phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ran
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
| | - Ellen Meara
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Nancy E. Morden
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
- United HealthCare, Minnetonka, 55343, MN, USA
| | - Erika L. Moen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
| | - Daniel N. Rockmore
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, 87502, NM, USA
| | - A. James O’Malley
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756, NH, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
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Dagne K, Myers B, Mihretu A, Teferra S. Scoping review of assessment tools for, magnitudes of and factors associated with problem drinking in population-based studies. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080657. [PMID: 38458797 PMCID: PMC10928735 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "problem drinking" includes a spectrum of alcohol problems ranging from excessive or heavy drinking to alcohol use disorder. Problem drinking is a leading risk factor for death and disability globally. It has been measured and conceptualised in different ways, which has made it difficult to identify common risk factors for problem alcohol use. This scoping review aims to synthesise what is known about the assessment of problem drinking, its magnitude and associated factors. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Global Index Medicus) and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 25 November 2023. Studies were eligible if they focused on people aged 15 and above, were population-based studies reporting problem alcohol use and published in the English language. This review was reported based on guidelines from the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist'. Critical appraisal was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS From the 14 296 records identified, 10 749 underwent title/abstract screening, of which 352 full-text articles were assessed, and 81 articles were included for data extraction. Included studies assessed alcohol use with self-report quantity/frequency questionnaires, criteria to determine risky single occasion drinking, validated screening tools, or structured clinical and diagnostic interviews. The most widely used screening tool was the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Studies defined problem drinking in various ways, including excessive/heavy drinking, binge drinking, alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Across studies, the prevalence of heavy drinking ranged from <1.0% to 53.0%, binge drinking from 2.7% to 48.2%, alcohol abuse from 4.0% to 19.0%, alcohol dependence from 0.1% to 39.0% and alcohol use disorder from 2.0% to 66.6%. Factors associated with problem drinking varied across studies. These included sociodemographic and economic factors (age, sex, relationship status, education, employment, income level, religion, race, location and alcohol outlet density) and clinical factors (like medical problems, mental disorders, other substance use and quality of life). CONCLUSIONS Due to differences in measurement, study designs and assessed risk factors, the prevalence of and factors associated with problem drinking varied widely across studies and settings. The alcohol field would benefit from harmonised measurements of alcohol use and problem drinking as this would allow for comparisons to be made across countries and for meta-analyses to be conducted. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Open Science Framework ID: https://osf.io/2anj3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Dagne
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Bronwyn Myers
- Curtin enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Institute, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Awoke Mihretu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Teferra
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Khatun A, Panchali T, Gorai S, Dutta A, Das TK, Ghosh K, Pradhan S, Mondal KC, Chakrabarti S. Impaired brain equanimity and neurogenesis in the diet-induced overweight mouse: a preventive role by syringic acid treatment. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:271-288. [PMID: 36947578 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2187510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish diet-induced obesity and syringic acid (SA) was assessed for anti-obese, neuroprotective, and neurogenesis. METHOD Animals were given HFD for 12 weeks to measure metabolic characteristics and then put through the Barns-maze and T-maze tests to measure memory. Additionally, the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress parameters, the expression of inflammatory genes, neurogenesis, and histopathology was evaluated in the brain. RESULT DIO raised body weight, BMI, and other metabolic parameters after 12 weeks of overfeeding. A reduced spontaneous alternation in behavior (working memory, reference memory, and total time to complete a task), decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative biomarkers, increased neurogenesis, and impaired blood-brain barrier were all seen in DIO mice. SA (50 mg/kg) treatment of DIO mice (4 weeks after 8 weeks of HFD feeding) reduced diet-induced changes in lipid parameters associated with obesity, hepatological parameters, memory, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis. SA also reduced the impact of malondialdehyde and enhanced the effects of antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total thiol (MDA). Syringic acid improved neurogenesis, cognition, and the blood-brain barrier while reducing neurodegeneration in the hippocampal area. DISCUSSION According to the results of the study, syringic acid therapy prevented neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, DIO, and memory loss. Syringic acid administration may be a useful treatment for obesity, memory loss, and neurogenesis, but more research and clinical testing is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khatun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Titli Panchali
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ananya Dutta
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Tridip Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | - Shrabani Pradhan
- Department of Paramedical & Allied Health Science, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
| | | | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur, India
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Ebrahimi H, Atashzadeh Shoorideh F, Reza Sohrabi M, Ebrahimi M, Hosseini M. An Analysis of Approaches to Reduction of HIV Stigma across the World through educational interventions: A Scoping Review. INVESTIGACION Y EDUCACION EN ENFERMERIA 2024; 42:e06. [PMID: 39083818 PMCID: PMC11290898 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v42n1e06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determinate the educational interventions for reducing the stigma caused by HIV worldwide. Methods This scoping review study analyzed all papers published from early 2000 to the end of 2022 by searching all the scientific databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and CINHAL. The quality assessment of the papers was done using the ROBIS tool checklist. Results 31papers were admitted to the scoping review process. Stigma reduction intervention was founded on three parts: Society, health and therapeutic services providers, and the patients who had HIV and their families. The interventions included education on the reduction of fear, and shame, observation of protective standards, conducting tests and treatment at the above levels, as well as the support provided by the society, policymakers, religious leaders and families of patients in economic, psychological and cultural terms, together with the establishment of social centres and organization of campaigns. Conclusion The stigma associated with HIV is a significant obstacle before treatment, life expectancy and living quality of patients. Therefore, the stigma associated with this disease can be reduced, and the living quality of patients can be raised using approaches such as education of healthcare service providers and afflicted people, as well as economic, social, cultural, and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Ebrahimi
- 1 Ph.D. Candidate, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Foroozan Atashzadeh Shoorideh
- 2 Ph.D. Professor, Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sohrabi
- 3 Ph.D. Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Labbafinezhad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Ebrahimi
- 4 M.Sc. Clinical Research Development Unit of Pirooz Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan.
| | - Meimanat Hosseini
- 5 Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cobiac LJ, Rogers NT, Adams J, Cummins S, Smith R, Mytton O, White M, Scarborough P. Impact of the UK soft drinks industry levy on health and health inequalities in children and adolescents in England: An interrupted time series analysis and population health modelling study. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004371. [PMID: 38547319 PMCID: PMC11008889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soft drinks industry levy (SDIL) in the United Kingdom has led to a significant reduction in household purchasing of sugar in drinks. In this study, we examined the potential medium- and long-term implications for health and health inequalities among children and adolescents in England. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a controlled interrupted time series analysis to measure the effects of the SDIL on the amount of sugar per household per week from soft drinks purchased, 19 months post implementation and by index of multiple deprivation (IMD) quintile in England. We modelled the effect of observed sugar reduction on body mass index (BMI), dental caries, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in children and adolescents (0 to 17 years) by IMD quintile over the first 10 years following announcement (March 2016) and implementation (April 2018) of the SDIL. Using a lifetable model, we simulated the potential long-term impact of these changes on life expectancy for the current birth cohort and, using regression models with results from the IMD-specific lifetable models, we calculated the impact of the SDIL on the slope index of inequality (SII) in life expectancy. The SDIL was found to have reduced sugar from purchased drinks in England by 15 g/household/week (95% confidence interval: -10.3 to -19.7). The model predicts these reductions in sugar will lead to 3,600 (95% uncertainty interval: 946 to 6,330) fewer dental caries and 64,100 (54,400 to 73,400) fewer children and adolescents classified as overweight or obese, in the first 10 years after implementation. The changes in sugar purchasing and predicted impacts on health are largest for children and adolescents in the most deprived areas (Q1: 11,000 QALYs [8,370 to 14,100] and Q2: 7,760 QALYs [5,730 to 9,970]), while children and adolescents in less deprived areas will likely experience much smaller simulated effects (Q3: -1,830 QALYs [-3,260 to -501], Q4: 652 QALYs [-336 to 1,680], Q5: 1,860 QALYs [929 to 2,890]). If the simulated effects of the SDIL are sustained over the life course, it is predicted there will be a small but significant reduction in slope index of inequality: 0.76% (95% uncertainty interval: -0.9 to -0.62) for females and 0.94% (-1.1 to -0.76) for males. CONCLUSIONS We predict that the SDIL will lead to medium-term reductions in dental caries and overweight/obesity, and long-term improvements in life expectancy, with the greatest benefits projected for children and adolescents from more deprived areas. This study provides evidence that the SDIL could narrow health inequalities for children and adolescents in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J. Cobiac
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nina T. Rogers
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Smith
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Mytton
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Scarborough
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK & NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre at Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Aivey SA, Fukushima Y, Rahman MM, Nahar NS, Ahmed A, Prihanto JB, Hawlader MDH, Moriyama M. Effects of school nurse-led health education to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh: Cluster nonrandomized controlled trial. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1024-1036. [PMID: 38736776 PMCID: PMC11086752 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1560_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a major health concern among children especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies on school health in Bangladesh. This study aimed to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education. Methods and Materials A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster nonrandomized controlled trial on primary school children conducted in rural Bangladesh. The study lasted 13 months between September 2021 and September 2022. Four schools were selected and assigned to the intervention and control groups (CGs). Next, school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children in the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. Data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline. Results Overall, 604 children were enrolled at the baseline; among them, 455 (CG, n = 220; IG, n = 235) completed the study. Changes in the malnutrition rate-the primary outcome-were not significant (P = 0.225). However, after adjusting the endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children's body mass index improved significantly in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). Changes in eating behavior, and awareness and knowledge of malnutrition-the secondary outcomes-significantly differed between the groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The school nurse-led health education program significantly improved primary school children's awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. This study revealed the effectiveness of school nurses in reducing malnutrition among children, which may decrease future morbidity and mortality rates in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia A. Aivey
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Md Moshiur Rahman
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Niru S. Nahar
- Department of Nursing Science, Grameen Caledonian College of Nursing, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashir Ahmed
- Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junaidi B. Prihanto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Physical Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya (State University of Surabaya), Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Michiko Moriyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Yuen E, Wilson C, Adams J, Kangutkar T, Livingston PM, White VM, Ockerby C, Hutchinson A. Health literacy interventions for informal caregivers: systematic review. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024:spcare-2023-004513. [PMID: 38326015 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the systematic review was to identify conceptual models and interventions designed to improve health literacy in caregivers of adults with a chronic disease/disability. METHODS MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Embase were searched for relevant literature. Articles were included if they focused on adults who provided informal care to someone aged 18+ with a chronic disease/disability. Quantitative studies were included if they reported an intervention designed to improve caregiver health literacy (CHL) and assessed outcomes using a validated measure of health literacy. Qualitative and mixed method studies were included if they described a conceptual model or framework of CHL or developed/assessed the feasibility of an intervention. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool. RESULTS Eleven studies were included. Five studies used pre-post design to assess outcomes of an intervention; four described intervention development and/or pilot testing; two described conceptual models. Two of five studies reported pre-post intervention improvements in CHL; one reported an improvement in one of nine health literacy domains; two reported no improvements following intervention. Interventions predominantly aimed to improve: caregiver understanding of the disease, treatment and potential outcomes, day-to-day care, self-care and health provider engagement. Few interventions targeted broader interpersonal and health service factors identified as influencing CHL. DISCUSSION Evidence on the development and assessment of comprehensive CHL interventions is scarce. Recommendations include the development of interventions that are guided by a CHL framework to ensure they address individual, interpersonal and health service/provider factors that influence CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yuen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlene Wilson
- School of Psychology and Public Health, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Psycho-Oncology Research Unit, Olivia Newton-John Cancer, Wellness and Research Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Adams
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tejashree Kangutkar
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia M Livingston
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria M White
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Alison Hutchinson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Centre for Quality and Patient Safety, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Corbett L, Phongsavan P, Okely AD, Peralta LR, Bauman A. A cross-sectional study of Australian teachers' health: are work-related factors associated with lifestyle behaviours? Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daad192. [PMID: 38198724 PMCID: PMC10781439 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Teacher's lifestyle behaviours are important because they lead to positive health outcomes for teachers themselves and because teachers model behaviour to their students. This cross-sectional study examined the lifestyle behaviours of a large sample of teachers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and assessed the association between work-related factors and lifestyle behaviours. From February to October 2021, data were collected on the lifestyle behaviours, work-related factors and socio-demographics of primary and secondary school teachers in NSW, via an online survey. Associations between individual work-related factors and lifestyle behaviours were modelled using logistic regression and adjusted for sex, age, number of children and geographic location. Most of our survey sample (n = 1136) were women (75%) and 53% were reported as having overweight or obesity. Only 23% of teachers met the recommended physical activity guidelines, 39% met fruit intake guidelines, 9% met vegetable intake guidelines and 58% met healthy sleep guidelines. Most teachers (78%) met the recommendation of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, 89% were not current smokers, but only 46% met the recommended alcohol consumption guidelines. Hours worked, teaching load, school sector and teacher role were associated with one or more lifestyle behaviours after adjusting for the demographic variables. This study highlights the need for additional support to improve the health-related behaviours of teachers in NSW. Policymakers should recognize the negative impact of high workloads on teachers' health-related behaviours, increasing their risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Corbett
- Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Louisa R Peralta
- Sydney School of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, Manning Rd, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, 2050, Australia
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Koenig R, Savani MM, Lee-Whiting B, McAndrews J, Banerjee S, Hunter A, John P, Loewen PJ, Nyhan B. Public support for more stringent vaccine policies increases with vaccine effectiveness. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1748. [PMID: 38242974 PMCID: PMC10798948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Under what conditions do citizens support coercive public policies? Although recent research suggests that people prefer policies that preserve freedom of choice, such as behavioural nudges, many citizens accepted stringent policy interventions like fines and mandates to promote vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic-a pattern that may be linked to the unusually high effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. We conducted a large online survey experiment (N = 42,417) in the Group of Seven (G-7) countries investigating the relationship between a policy's effectiveness and public support for stringent policies. Our results indicate that public support for stringent vaccination policies increases as vaccine effectiveness increases, but at a modest scale. This relationship flattens at higher levels of vaccine effectiveness. These results suggest that intervention effectiveness can be a significant predictor of support for coercive policies but only up to some threshold of effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Koenig
- Department of Political Economy, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Manu Manthri Savani
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Blake Lee-Whiting
- Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3K9, Canada
- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - John McAndrews
- Digital Society Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sanchayan Banerjee
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Hunter
- Department of Political Economy, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Peter John
- Department of Political Economy, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Peter John Loewen
- Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3K9, Canada
- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Brendan Nyhan
- Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755, USA
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Hou L, Liu W, Sun W, Cao J, Shan S, Feng Y, Zhou Y, Yuan C, Li X, Song P. Lifetime cumulative effect of reproductive factors on ischaemic heart disease in a prospective cohort. Heart 2024; 110:170-177. [PMID: 37852733 PMCID: PMC10850633 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-322442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between lifetime oestrogen exposure and ischaemic heart disease (IHD), based on the hypothesis that higher lifetime oestrogen exposure is linked to lower cardiovascular risk. METHODS In 2004-2008, lifetime cumulative exposure to reproductive factors was assessed among postmenopausal females from the China Kadoorie Biobank using reproductive lifespan (RLS), endogenous oestrogen exposure (EEE) and total oestrogen exposure (TEE). EEE was calculated by subtracting pregnancy-related and contraceptive use duration from RLS, while TEE by adding up the same components except for lactation. Incident IHD during follow-up (2004-2015) was identified. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models estimated the HRs and 95% CIs of IHD for RLS, EEE and TEE. RESULTS Among 118 855 postmenopausal females, 13 162 (11.1%) developed IHD during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. The IHD incidence rates were 13.0, 12.1, 12.5, 13.8 per 1000 person-years for RLS Q1-Q4, 15.8, 12.6, 11.3, 12.1 per 1000 person-years for EEE Q1-Q4 and 13.7, 12.3, 12.2, 13.4 per 1000 person-years for TEE Q1-Q4. The highest quartile (Q4) of RLS and TEE were associated with lower risks of IHD (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.00 and 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97, respectively) compared with the lowest quartile (Q1). Longer EEE showed progressively lower risks of incident IHD (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97; 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.93; 0.87, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.92 for Q2-Q4 vs Q1). CONCLUSIONS Longer RLS, TEE and EEE were associated with lower risks of IHD among Chinese postmenopausal females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leying Hou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidi Sun
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Shan
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimin Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peige Song
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Nutor JJ, Okiring J, Yeboah I, Thompson RGA, Agbadi P, Ameyaw EK, Getahun M, Agbadi W, Hoffmann TJ, Weiser SD. Association between water insecurity and antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and postpartum women in Greater Accra region of Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002747. [PMID: 38190403 PMCID: PMC10773961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can substantially reduce morbidity and mortality among women living with HIV (WLWH) and prevent vertical transmission of HIV. However, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), more than 50% of new mothers discontinue ART and HIV care after childbirth. The role of water insecurity (WI) in ART adherence is not well-explored. We examined the relationship between WI and ART adherence among pregnant and postpartum WLWH in Greater Accra region of Ghana. METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey, we recruited 176 pregnant and postpartum WLWH on ART across 11 health facilities. We examined the association between WI (measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experience Scale, and categorized as moderate and severe WI compard to low WI) and poor ART adherence (defined as scoring a below average observed CASE index score). Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test followed by multivariate logistic regression models. We included all variables with p-values less than 0.20 in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Most (79.5%) of the pregnant and postpartum WLWH enrolled on ART, were urban residents. Over 2/3 were aged 30 years and older. Overall, 33.5% of respondents had poor ART adherence. Proportion of poor ART adherence was 19.4% among those with low WI, 44.4% in those with moderate WI, and 40.0% among those with high WI. Respondents with moderate household water insecurity had a greater odds of reporting poor ART adherence, as compared to those with low water insecurity (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR) = 2.76, 95%CI: 1.14-6.66, p = 0.024), even after adjusting for food insecurity. Similarly, respondents with high WI had a greater odds of reporting poor ART adherence, as compared to those with low water insecurity (aOR = 1.49, 95%CI: 0.50-4.48, p = 0.479), even after adjusting for food insecurity. CONCLUSION Water insecurity is prevalent among pregnant and postpartum WLWH and is a significant risk factor for poor ART adherence. Governments and other stakeholders working in HIV care provision should prioritize water security programming for WLWH along the HIV care continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jaffer Okiring
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Yeboah
- Institute of Work Employment and Society, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rachel G. A. Thompson
- Language Center, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Pascal Agbadi
- Department of Sociology and Social Science Policy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- Institute of Policy Studies and School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wisdom Agbadi
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- Push Aid Africa, Accra, Ghana
| | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Office of Research, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sheri D. Weiser
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco California, United States of America
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Dobersek U, Bender M, Etienne A, Fernandez Gil GE, Hostetter C. Meat consumption & positive mental health: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102556. [PMID: 38186660 PMCID: PMC10770626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this scoping review was to examine the breadth of the existing literature on the relation between meat consumption or meat abstention and positive psychological functioning. In April 2022, we conducted a systematic search of online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) for primary research examining positive psychological functioning in meat consumers and those who abstain from meat. Thirteen studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, representing 89,138 participants (54,413 females and 33,863 males) with 78,562 meat consumers and 10,148 meat abstainers (13-102 years) from multiple geographic regions. The primary outcomes were life satisfaction, "positive mental health", self-esteem, and vigor. The secondary outcomes were "meaning in life", optimism, positive emotions, and psychological well-being. Eight of the 13 studies demonstrated no differences between the groups on positive psychological functioning, three studies showed mixed results, and two studies showed that compared to meat abstainers, meat consumers had greater self-esteem, "positive mental health", and "meaning in life". Studies varied substantially in methods and outcomes. Although a small minority of studies showed that meat consumers had more positive psychological functioning, no studies suggested that meat abstainers did. There was mixed evidence for temporal relations, but study designs precluded causal inferences. Our review demonstrates the need for future research given the equivocal nature of the extant literature on the relation between meat consumption and meat abstention and positive psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urska Dobersek
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Mary Bender
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | - Alexandria Etienne
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
| | | | - Claire Hostetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
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Souleymanov R, Akinyele-Akanbi B, Njeze C, Ukoli P, Migliardi P, Kim J, Payne M, Ringaert L, Restall G, Larcombe L, Lachowsky N, Khan MN, Lorway R, Pino F. Migration and health study: a socio-ecological analysis of sexual health among migrants in Manitoba, Canada. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2438. [PMID: 38057784 PMCID: PMC10701978 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop effective public health policies, programs, and services tailored to the unique sexual health needs of migrant populations, it is essential to understand the myriad socio-ecological factors that influence their sexual health. This qualitative community-based participatory study aimed to explore factors influencing migrants' sexual health at different socio-ecological levels in a Canadian setting. METHODS Participants (n = 34) from African, Caribbean, Black; Latin American; South Asian; Middle Eastern, as well as East and Southeast Asian communities were recruited across Manitoba using printed flyers, community organizations, and social media. Individual interviews, conducted in English, French, Mandarin, Cantonese, Tagalog, Arabic, Swahili, and Tigrinya languages, explored questions relating to sexual health and experiences with service providers. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and socio-ecological systems theory. RESULTS The study uncovered a range of individual, interpersonal, institutional, and socio-structural factors that affect the sexual health of migrants in Manitoba. Individual factors such as sexual health knowledge and testing practices, interpersonal factors like the type of sexual partnerships, institutional factors such as sexual health information needs, language, and service access barriers, and structural-level factors like gender norms and HIV stigma exerted a significant influence on the sexual health practices of study respondents. Sexual health awareness was influenced by various factors including length of time in Canada and involvement in community-based services. Study respondents identified issues related to access to HIV testing and sexual health information, as well as language barriers, racism in healthcare, and HIV stigma. Gender and social norms played a significant role in discouraging communication about sex and safer sex practices. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the complex interplay of factors that influence the sexual health of migrants, and the need for targeted sexual health awareness campaigns and provision of sexual health information in languages spoken by migrants. Public health interventions focused on improving the sexual health outcomes for migrants should consider the socio-ecological elements identified in this study. These findings can inform public health campaigns to increase access to services and address sexual health inequities among migrant communities in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusty Souleymanov
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, 173 Dafoe Road West, Tier Building, office 500 C, Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Bolaji Akinyele-Akanbi
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, 173 Dafoe Road West, Tier Building, office 500 C, Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chinyere Njeze
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Patricia Ukoli
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, 173 Dafoe Road West, Tier Building, office 500 C, Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - John Kim
- National Laboratory for HIV Reference Services, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Payne
- Nine Circles Community Health Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba HIV-STBBI Collective Impact Network, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Laurie Ringaert
- Nine Circles Community Health Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Manitoba HIV-STBBI Collective Impact Network, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gayle Restall
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Linda Larcombe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nathan Lachowsky
- Community Based Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, 173 Dafoe Road West, Tier Building, office 500 C, Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert Lorway
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Fritz Pino
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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Ramos SD, Kannout L, Khan H, Klasko-Foster L, Chronister BN, Du Bois S. A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100091. [PMID: 36530218 PMCID: PMC9731648 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extant literature investigates the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes, however there is a paucity of work examining mental health distress as a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. While systemic variables like income inequality relate to both mental health and COVID-19, more work is needed to test theoretically informed models including such variables. Using a social-ecological framework, we aimed to address these gaps in the literature by conducting a neighborhood-level analysis of potential mental health distress and systemic- (income inequality) level predictors of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality over time in Chicago. Neighborhood-level comparisons revealed differences in mental health distress, income inequality, and reported COVID-19 mortality, but not reported COVID-19 infection. Specifically, Westside and Southside neighborhoods generally reported higher levels of mental health distress and greater concentration of poverty. The Central neighborhood showed a decline in reported mortality rates over time. Multi-level negative binomial models established that Zip-codes with greater mental health distress were at increased reported COVID-19 infection risk, yet lower mortality risk; Zip-codes with more poverty were at increased reported COVID-19 infection risk, yet lower mortality risk; and Zip-codes with the highest percentage of People of Color were at decreased risk of reported COVID-19 mortality. Taken together, these findings substantiate Chicago neighborhood-level disparities in mental health distress, income inequality, and reported COVID-19 mortality; identify unique differential associations of mental health distress and income inequality to reported COVID-19 infection and reported mortality risk; and, offer an alternative lens towards understanding COVID-19 outcomes in terms of race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Ramos
- University of California San Diego, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- San Diego State University, SDSU Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Lynn Kannout
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Humza Khan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Lynne Klasko-Foster
- Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RH 02912, USA
| | - Briana N.C. Chronister
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Steff Du Bois
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Brennan AM, Coen PM, Mau T, Hetherington-Rauth M, Toledo FGS, Kershaw EE, Cawthon PM, Kramer PA, Ramos SV, Newman AB, Cummings SR, Forman DE, Yeo RX, DiStefano G, Miljkovic I, Justice JN, Molina AJA, Jurczak MJ, Sparks LM, Kritchevsky SB, Goodpaster BH. Associations between regional adipose tissue distribution and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in older men and women. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.10.23298359. [PMID: 37986822 PMCID: PMC10659498 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.23298359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective Examine the association of ectopic adipose tissue (AT) with skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults. Methods Cross-sectional data from 829 older adults ≥70 years was used. Total abdominal, subcutaneous, and visceral AT; and thigh muscle fat infiltration (MFI) was quantified by MRI. SM mitochondrial energetics were characterized using in vivo 31 P-MRS (ATP max ) and ex vivo high-resolution respirometry (maximal oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)). ActivPal was used to measure PA (step count). Linear regression models adjusted for covariates were applied, with sequential adjustment for BMI and PA. Results Independent of BMI, total abdominal (standardized (Std.) β=-0.21; R 2 =0.09) and visceral AT (Std. β=-0.16; R 2 =0.09) were associated with ATP max ( p <0.01), but not after further adjustment for PA (p≥0.05). Visceral AT (Std. β=-0.16; R 2 =0.25) and thigh MFI (Std. β=-0.11; R 2 =0.24) were negatively associated with carbohydrate-supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA ( p <0.05). Total abdominal AT (Std. β=-0.19; R 2 =0.24) and visceral AT (Std. β=-0.17; R 2 =0.24) were associated with fatty acid-supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA (p<0.05). Conclusions Skeletal MFI and abdominal visceral, but not subcutaneous AT, are inversely associated with SM mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults independent of BMI. Associations between ectopic AT and in vivo mitochondrial bioenergetics are attenuated by PA.
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Aboagye RG, Seidu AA, Peprah P, Asare BYA, Addo IY, Ahinkorah BO. Exposure to interparental violence and risk of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa. Int Health 2023; 15:655-663. [PMID: 36458876 PMCID: PMC10629953 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) has emerged as a serious human rights issue as well as a public health concern globally. We examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. METHODS We included 96 782 women in 23 countries with a recent DHS dataset conducted from 2012 to 2020. We employed multivariable multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between exposure to interparental violence and experience of IPV. RESULTS Overall, women who were exposed to interparental violence were more likely to experience physical (adjusted OR [aOR]=2.17, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.28), emotional (aOR=1.87, 95% CI 1.78 to 1.96) and sexual violence (aOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.90 to 2.15) than those who were not exposed. In all countries except Comoros, women exposed to interparental violence had higher odds of physical and emotional violence than those who were not exposed. Experience of sexual violence was higher among women exposed to interparental violence from all countries except for Liberia, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. CONCLUSIONS Women's exposure to interparental violence increases their risk of experiencing IPV. Policies should focus on women or young girls who who witness IPV to reduce their likelihood of experiencing it. Special support can be provided for women who were exposed to interparental violence and are currently experiencing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Australia
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, P.O. Box, 257, Takoradi, Ghana
| | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac Yeboah Addo
- Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
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Purwaningsih P, Nasronudin N, Damayanti NA, Mahmudah M, Andarini S, Qomarudin B, Chalidyanto D, Yuwono SR, Septanto AN, Zulkarnain H. Development of a Hospital-Stakeholder Collaboration Tool Using Mixed Methods to Assess Stakeholder Perspectives for Hospital Service Improvement. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:1075-1086. [PMID: 38784495 PMCID: PMC11111266 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i6.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to develop the Hospital-Stakeholder Collaboration (HSC) Tool and Hospital Performance Factor (HPF) Tool to explore stakeholder perception and value for hospital service improvement. Methods This exploratory mixed-method study involved three steps: initial tool development (Step 1), validity testing (Step 2), and module development (Step 3). In Step 1, qualitative data collection through literature reviews, focus group discussions, and interviews with hospital management experts led to the creation of the preliminary tools. Step 2 involved qualitative analysis by α 5-member expert panel, followed by quantitative analysis with 36 respondents for validity (Pearson correlation, α = 0.05) and reliability (Cronbach's Alpha, α = 0.6) tests. Step 3 encompassed the final module development. Results The HSC tool contains 6 domains and the HPF tool contains 4 perspectives. The 6 HSC domains were: 1) stakeholder identification, 2) interactive dialogue, 3) commitment, 4) planning, 5) implementation, 6) change in action and behavior. The 4 HPF perspectives were: 1) stakeholder perspective, 2) financial perspective, 3) internal business process, and 4) staff and organizational capacity. The values of the HSC tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0046 and around 0,995, respectively. Additionally, the values of the HPF tool validity and reliability tests were around 0,0062 and around 0,995, respectively. Conclusion This study offers a practical tool for needs assessment for the improvement of service by analyzing direct feedback from hospital stakeholders and measuring hospital performance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwaningsih Purwaningsih
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Mahmudah Mahmudah
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sri Andarini
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Qomarudin
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Slamet Riyadi Yuwono
- Department of Nutrition, Polytechnic of Health Ministry of Health Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Mitjà O, Padovese V, Folch C, Rossoni I, Marks M, Rodríguez i Arias MA, Telenti A, Ciuffi A, Blondeel K, Mårdh O, Casabona J. Epidemiology and determinants of reemerging bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and emerging STIs in Europe. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 34:100742. [PMID: 37927427 PMCID: PMC10625005 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In this scoping review, we offer a comprehensive understanding of the current and recent epidemiology, challenges, and emerging issues related to bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the WHO European Region. We endeavour in collating data from both EU/EEA and non- EU/EEA countries, thereby giving a complete picture of the region which highlights the higher notification rates in Northern and Western countries than other regions, likely due to differences in testing, access to testing, and surveillance capacity. We provide an up-to-date review on the current knowledge of determinants and persistent inequities in key populations as well as the use of molecular epidemiology for identifying transmission networks in gonorrhoea and syphilis, and detecting chlamydia mutations that evade molecular diagnosis. Finally, we explore the emerging STIs in the region and the evolving transmission routes of food and waterborne diseases into sexual transmission. Our findings call for harmonized STI surveillance systems, proactive strategies, and policies to address social factors, and staying vigilant for emerging STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Mitjà
- Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections Section, Hospital Universitari Germans Trías i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Fight Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Valeska Padovese
- Genitourinary Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isotta Rossoni
- Van Vollenhoven Institute for Law, Governance and Society, Leiden University, Netherland
| | - Michael Marks
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunology, University College London, London, UK
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Miquel Angel Rodríguez i Arias
- Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections Section, Hospital Universitari Germans Trías i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Fight Infectious Diseases Foundation, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Angela Ciuffi
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karel Blondeel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Otilia Mårdh
- STI, Blood Borne Viruses and TB Section, Disease Programmes Unit, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Sharma S, Patnaik L, Sahu T. Effect of lifestyle interventions to reduce depression, anxiety and stress among married women of reproductive age group: A non-randomised controlled trial in urban slums of Bhubaneswar. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:347. [PMID: 38144035 PMCID: PMC10743840 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1149_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are more prone to develop mental disorders as compared to men and the role of physical activities to reduce its burden by improving self-esteem is appreciable. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle interventions to reduce depression, anxiety and stress among women in urban slums. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a non-randomized controlled trial carried out in two slums of Bhubaneswar in married women of reproductive age group (15 years-49 years) from June 2019 to September 2021 after approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 128 married women were recruited, 64 women in each arm. DASS-21 was used for assessing depression, anxiety, and stress of all participants. The lifestyle intervention program was provided to 64 women in the intervention group and educational materials were provided to the control arm. DASS score was assessed again and compared with follow-up scores in both groups. Descriptive statistics were expressed as frequency, mean, median, and standard deviations. Independent t-test and paired t-tests were done where applicable. RESULTS There was no significant difference in socio-demographic factors and DASS-21 scores in both groups during baseline. Depression, Anxiety, and stress score were significantly lower in the intervention arm than control arm in the follow-up (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the pre-intervention and post-intervention levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among the intervention group (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Simple community-based physical activities as in our intervention program focusing on the reduction of depression, anxiety, and stress levels in women may prevent the rising problems of common mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lipilekha Patnaik
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trilochan Sahu
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Larkin C, Arensman E, Boudreaux ED. Preventing Suicide in Health Systems: How Can Implementation Science Help? Arch Suicide Res 2023; 27:1147-1162. [PMID: 36267036 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2131490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Suicide prevention is an emotive, complex goal for clinicians and health systems. Effective interventions for suicidality do exist; however, many patients do not receive them because implementation efforts tend to be time-limited and unsystematic. Implementation science is the study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice. This narrative review introduces implementation science to suicide researchers, with a special focus on healthcare settings. We outline prominent theories, methods, and measures, as well as examples of implementation research from suicidology. By embracing the principles of implementation science, suicidologists can help to close the gap between evidence-based practice and routine practice, thereby improving the delivery and uptake of suicide-related interventions and prevention programs.
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Waldron DA, Stokes J, Coyle CE, Kramer J, Dugan E. Aging on the Autism Spectrum: Physical Activity in Individuals Receiving State Services in the United States. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3943-3957. [PMID: 35933645 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This study explores factors associated with participation in moderate physical activity and muscle strengthening activity in adults with autism receiving state services (age: 18-78 years). Researchers analyzed the National Core Indicators-In Person Survey (2017-2018) data using multilevel mixed effects logistic regression. Older adults on the autism spectrum engaged in both moderate physical activity and muscle strengthening activity less often than younger adults on the autism spectrum (OR 0.99; p < 0.05; OR 0.98; p < 0.001). Individuals reportedly in fair/poor health had 50% lower odds of engaging in moderate physical activity and 30% lower odds of engaging in muscle strengthening compared to those in good/ excellent health (OR 0.50; p < 0.001; OR 0.70; p < 0.001). Moderate physical activity/muscle strengthening initiatives may help foster this group's healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Stokes
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin E Coyle
- Center for Social and Demographic Research on Aging, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dugan
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Gemechu T, Bona J, Aliyo A, Dedecha W, Ashenafi G. Assessment of Intestinal Parasites and Its Associated Factors among Fruits and Vegetables Collected from Local Markets of Bule Hora Town, Southeast Ethiopia. J Trop Med 2023; 2023:1861919. [PMID: 37781133 PMCID: PMC10539081 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1861919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vegetable and fruit consumptions are important for health as they are good sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, contamination of vegetables and fruits is indicated as the main contributing factor to parasitic contamination. Objective This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasites among fruits and vegetables collected from local markets in Bule Hora Town, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional assessment was carried out on 391 raw fruits and vegetables from the market in Bule Hora Town from July 29 to August 17, 2022. After being soaked in physiological saline and vigorously shaken for 15 minutes with the help of a mechanical shaker, a total of 391 samples taken from various fruits and vegetables were evaluated using the sedimentation concentration technique. Software SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data after it had been entered using EpiData version 3.1. To assess various associated factors, binary and multivariable logistic regression was employed. Results 142 (36.3%) of the 391 samples analyzed had at least one species of parasite. The parasite Ascaris lumbricoides (40.1%) was found the most frequently, whereas Strongyloides spp. was found the least frequently. Variables such as fingernail trimming (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.274-3.108), hand washing habit with soap after using toilet (AOR = 2.912; CI: 1.896-4.47), and eating raw vegetables or fruits (AOR = 0.604; CI: 0.394-0.925) were associated with parasitic contamination. Conclusions The results of this study show that eating vegetables that are raw in the study area carries a potentially significant risk of contracting parasitic illnesses. Therefore, the appropriate bodies should make an effort to lower the rate of product contamination with intestinal parasites by educating vendors and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibeso Gemechu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Bona
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Alqeer Aliyo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Wako Dedecha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Ashenafi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
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Belay GJ, Fentanew M, Belay M, Gobezie M, Bekele G, Getie K, Shiferaw KB, Takele MD, Cherkos K, Zemariam AB. Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension at Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialised Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073018. [PMID: 37666550 PMCID: PMC10481733 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate evaluation of physical activity for patients with hypertension is important to determine patients' health outcomes and intervention measures. Information about physical activity among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia is not well known. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the physical activity and associated factors among patients with hypertension. STUDY DESIGN An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. STUDY SETTING The study was conducted at the Tertiary Hospital Northwest, Ethiopia. OUTCOME MEASURES Physical activity was assessed by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire as the primary outcome and factors significantly associated with physical activity were secondary outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred and twenty patients with hypertension took part in the study; among those 233 were men and 187 were women. The study participants were chosen using a systematic random sampling method. SPSS V.20 statistical software was used to analyse the data. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis model, adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI and p value<0.05 were used to identify the associated factors with physical activities. RESULTS Our study showed that 19.1% of study participants had inadequate physical activity, being old age with AOR: 10.27 (3.21 to 33.01), low or poor self-efficacy with AOR: 10.34 (4.89 to 21.84), poor self-rated health with AOR: 5.91 (1.73 to 20.13) and lack of adequate facilities with AOR: 4.07 (1.72 to 9.66) were significantly associated with inadequate physical activity. CONCLUSION Inadequate physical activity was detected in one-fifth of the study participants, according to our research. Being elderly, having low self-efficacy, having inadequate facilities and having poor self-rated health were all linked to inadequate physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Jember Belay
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Fentanew
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Belay
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Gobezie
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremariam Bekele
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Kefale Getie
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassaw Belay Shiferaw
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Dejen Takele
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Cherkos
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Birara Zemariam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Sensoy Bahar O, Byansi W, Nabayinda J, Kiyingi J, Namatovu P, Embaye F, McKay MM, Hoagwood K, Ssewamala FM. "I decided to participate….because I saw it as benefiting our community and families": a qualitative study of lay providers' experiences with delivering an evidence-based mental health intervention for families in Uganda. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:24. [PMID: 37605260 PMCID: PMC10440911 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents who live in resource-limited communities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience significant mental health problems, including behavioral problems. In SSA, one of the most significant impediments to expanding services is a scarcity of mental health specialists. Task-shifting can effectively solve the mental health care gap in low-resource settings, yet it is underutilized in child and adolescent mental health. Moreover, the experiences of lay providers are understudied in global mental health, despite their potential impact on intervention effectiveness. In this study, we examined the experiences of community health workers and parent peers with the task-shifting of an evidence-based family strengthening intervention in Uganda. METHODS As part of a larger randomized clinical trial, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 facilitators selected using stratified purposive sampling. Interviews explored their decision to participate in the program; experiences with the training; and experiences with intervention delivery. All interviews were conducted in Luganda (local language) and audio recorded. They were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Despite concerns around lack of previous experience and time commitment, facilitators reported high relevance of the intervention to the families in their communities as well as their own as a motivation to participate. They also identified financial incentives as a motivating factor. These two factors also ensured their attendance at the training. They were satisfied with the content and skills provided during the training and felt prepared to deliver the intervention. During intervention delivery, they enjoyed seeing the families engaged and participating actively in the sessions as well as observing positive changes in the families. Some challenges with family attendance and engagement were noted. The facilitators reported an increased sense of self-efficacy and competence over time; and expressed high satisfaction with supervision. CONCLUSION Facilitators' positive experiences point to the high acceptability and appropriateness of task-shifting this intervention in low-resource settings. As the global mental health field continues to be interested in task-shifting interventions to lay providers, successful examples should be studied so that evidence-based models can be put in place to support them through the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - William Byansi
- Boston College School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Josephine Nabayinda
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua Kiyingi
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Phionah Namatovu
- International Center for Child Health and Development Field Office, Masaka, Uganda
| | - Fithi Embaye
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Mary M McKay
- Office of the Provost, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Fred M Ssewamala
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- International Center for Child Health and Development, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Smith T, Chong KH, Cross P, Ipil M, Eliou P, Novotny R, Okely AD. Prevalence and socio-demographic distributions of meeting RMI Guidelines for Healthy Living among elementary school children in Majuro, Republic of Marshall Islands: a cross-sectional population-based survey. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 37:100783. [PMID: 37693881 PMCID: PMC10485679 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is high in Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI). We report the prevalence and socio-demographic distribution of selected obesity-related risk factors among children in Majuro, RMI. Methods Sixteen elementary schools were approached and students and parents in Grades 1, 3, and 5 invited to participate in this cross-sectional population-based survey. Accelerometry and a questionnaire were used to collect data on children's physical activity (PA), sleep, screen time and dietary behaviours. Descriptive statistics and mixed-effects logistic regression were used to examine differences in the proportions of children meeting selected RMI Healthy Living Guidelines by sex, school grade and school sector. Findings Thirteen schools and 958 children were recruited, of which 892 (52.2% girls; mean age 9.3 ± 1.8 years) provided useable data. Around 90% met the PA, 29% screen time, 13% sleep, 69% sugar-sweetened beverage and 56% highly processed food guidelines. The proportion meeting individual guidelines was higher among children in Grade 1 compared with Grade 5. Being a girl (0.27; 95% CI 0.16, 0.46) was associated with lower odds of meeting the PA recommendation. Compared with children from Grade 1, those in Grade 5 had lower odds of meeting the PA (0.28; 95% CI 0.15, 0.55), screen time (0.60; 95% CI 0.40, 0.89), sleep duration (0.33; 95% CI 0.18, 0.59), sugar-sweetened beverage (0.35; 95% CI 0.23, 0.53), and consumption of highly processed foods recommendations (0.49; 95% CI 0.33, 0.72). Interpretation While most children in RMI are adequately active, resources are needed to promote healthier levels of screen time, sleep, sugar-sweetened beverage and highly processed food consumption, especially among older children. Funding This study was funded by World Diabetes Foundation; Canvasback Missions, RMI; NHMRC Australia (APP1176858); Pacific Community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Smith
- Canvasback Missions Inc., P.O. Box 1771, Majuro, 96960, Marshall Islands
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Penny Cross
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Maybelline Ipil
- Marshall Islands Epidemiology & Prevention Initiatives (MIEPI), P.O. Box 3666, Majuro, 96960, Marshall Islands
| | - Pranson Eliou
- RMI Public School System, State Department of Education, P.O. Box 3, Majuro, 96960, Marshall Islands
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Science and Humanities, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Chowdhury MDT, Bershteyn A, Milali M, Citron D, Nyimbili S, Musuka G, Cuadros DF. Progress Towards UNAIDS's 95-95-95 Targets in Zimbabwe: Sociodemographic Constraints and Geospatial Heterogeneity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.26.23293207. [PMID: 37546877 PMCID: PMC10402226 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.23293207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains critical in sub-Saharan Africa, with UNAIDS establishing "95-95-95" targets to optimize HIV care. Using the Zimbabwe Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) geospatial data, this study aimed to identify patterns in these targets and determinants impacting the HIV care continuum in underserved Zimbabwean communities. Analysis techniques, including Gaussian kernel interpolation, optimized hotspot, and multivariate geospatial k-means clustering, were utilized to establish spatial patterns and cluster regional HIV care continuum needs. Further, we investigated healthcare availability, access, and social determinants and scrutinized the association between socio-demographic and behavioral covariates with HIV care outcomes. Disparities in progress toward the "95-95-95" targets were noted across different regions, with each target demonstrating unique geographic patterns, resulting in four distinct clusters with specific HIV care needs. Key factors associated with gaps in achieving targets included younger age, male sex, employment, and minority or no religious affiliation. Our study uncovers significant spatial heterogeneity in the HIV care continuum in Zimbabwe, with unique regional patterns in "95-95-95" targets. The spatial analysis of the UNAIDS targets presented here could prove instrumental in designing effective control strategies by identifying vulnerable communities that are falling short of these targets and require intensified efforts. Our result provides insights for designing region-specific interventions and enhancing community-level factors, emphasizing the need to address regional gaps and improve HIV care outcomes in vulnerable communities lagging behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- MD Tuhin Chowdhury
- Digital Epidemiology Laboratory, Digital Futures, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anna Bershteyn
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masabho Milali
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Citron
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sulani Nyimbili
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Godfrey Musuka
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Diego F Cuadros
- Digital Epidemiology Laboratory, Digital Futures, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Shahbazi Khamas S, Alizadeh Bahmani AH, Vijverberg SJ, Brinkman P, Maitland-van der Zee AH. Exhaled volatile organic compounds associated with risk factors for obstructive pulmonary diseases: a systematic review. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00143-2023. [PMID: 37650089 PMCID: PMC10463028 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00143-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma and COPD are among the most common respiratory diseases. To improve the early detection of exacerbations and the clinical course of asthma and COPD new biomarkers are needed. The development of noninvasive metabolomics of exhaled air into a point-of-care tool is an appealing option. However, risk factors for obstructive pulmonary diseases can potentially introduce confounding markers due to altered volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns being linked to these risk factors instead of the disease. We conducted a systematic review and presented a comprehensive list of VOCs associated with these risk factors. Methods A PRISMA-oriented systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Libraries between 2000 and 2022. Full-length studies evaluating VOCs in exhaled breath were included. A narrative synthesis of the data was conducted, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Results The search yielded 2209 records and, based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 24 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. In total, 232 individual VOCs associated with risk factors for obstructive pulmonary diseases were found; 58 compounds were reported more than once and 12 were reported as potential markers of asthma and/or COPD in other studies. Critical appraisal found that the identified studies were methodologically heterogeneous and had a variable risk of bias. Conclusion We identified a series of exhaled VOCs associated with risk factors for asthma and/or COPD. Identification of these VOCs is necessary for the further development of exhaled metabolites-based point-of-care tests in these obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriyar Shahbazi Khamas
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amir Hossein Alizadeh Bahmani
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne J.H. Vijverberg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- These authors contributed equally
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