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Mongkonkansai J, Parapan P, Srinuan M, Thepnoo T, Khoklang S, Yimthiang S, Mahaboon J, Madardam U. Predicting the work ability of security guards at a university in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2024; 30:486-495. [PMID: 38351578 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2318952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. The number of security guards in universities has increased significantly. This study aimed to predict work ability of university security guards. Methods. A cross-sectional study of 97 university security guards in Thailand was performed. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire covering social demographics, behavioral health and work ability. The data were analyzed using χ2 tests and logistic regression models. Results. The average work ability index (WAI) score was 38.1 ± 3.8, with 65.0% of participants scoring 'good'. Social support significantly influenced the WAI (p = 0.004). Those with insufficient support were 4.3 times more likely to show poor work ability. Mental health also impacted the WAI (p = 0.006); those with poor mental health were 4.7 times at risk. Additionally, work experience affected the WAI (p = 0.039). Those with ≥5 years of experience showed reduced work ability compared to their less-experienced counterparts (adjusted odds ratio 0.4; 95% confidence interval [0.20, 0.96]). Conclusions. Supervisors should provide social support and offer rewards and commendations to enhance employees' abilities, health behaviors and management of underlying diseases. Additionally, organizations should prioritize health and safety in the workplace to ensure their employees are healthier and perform their tasks more effectively.
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Wang J, Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang Z, He Y, Wang X, Guo H. The impact of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers: the chain mediating effects of stress and insomnia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:566. [PMID: 38388879 PMCID: PMC10885376 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of workplace violence and job burnout among Chinese correctional officers is high. Stress and insomnia may influence the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout; however, this influence has been rarely studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of workplace violence on job burnout among Chinese correctional officers and to assess the contribution of stress and insomnia to this effect. METHODS In this study, the workplace violence scale, the Assens insomnia scale, the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey scale were used to assess the workplace violence, insomnia, stress, and job burnout experienced by the 472 correctional officers, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that (1) workplace violence was significantly and positively predictive of job burnout, (2) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of stress, (3) workplace violence affected job burnout through the mediation of insomnia, and (4) stress and insomnia played fully interlocking mediating roles in the effect of workplace violence on job burnout. CONCLUSION Stress and insomnia may play a full mediating role in the relationship between workplace violence and job burnout. This suggested that correctional officers may take measures to reduce stress and improve insomnia, thereby reducing their job burnout. Further research may focus on the development of effective interventions to reduce stress and improve insomnia among correctional officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Pingtang Compulsory Isolation Detoxification Institute in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.
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Sygit-Kowalkowska E, Orlak K, Stolarski M. Work for the Prison Service: selected health consequences - investigating the role of personal resources, job demands, work stress, and burnout. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:744-760. [PMID: 37877744 PMCID: PMC10743350 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The specific job demands of the Prison Service (PS) may affect the health of officers. The job demands-resources model (JD-R) model was used to design a survey of the consequences of working subject to particular job demands. The aim was to gain an insight into the relationship between job demands, personal resources, occupational stress and burnout and selected health consequence indicators (such as behaviors associated with the consumption of alcohol, stress symptoms). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 1732 PS officers in Poland were surveyed. The following tools were used as part of the survey: the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II), the Multidimensional Inventory for Assessing Coping Responses (COPE), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and a form with a respondent's particulars. Path analysis using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was performed. RESULTS The assumed hypotheses were partially confirmed by the results. Out of 4 job demands categories only work pace turned out not to be a significant predictor of burnout and stress. For alcohol related behaviors, stress level was the only significant predictor, both as a direct and indirect effect taking into account job demands. It transpired that support from superiors rather than support from colleagues or self-efficacy was a significant moderator in the emotional demands - stress relationship. Limitations of the study and perspectives for its continuation are also presented herein. CONCLUSIONS Based on the obtained results it may be concluded that job demands and support from superiors do have an impact on stress in the PS group. This is also consistent with available reports in literature. At the same time stress is a significant predictor of alcohol related behaviors. Coping through the use of psychoactive substances was not a significant factor in statistical analyses and it has still not been subject to sufficient scientific analysis. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(6):744-60.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Orlak
- „Zoom in on Posts – Association for Healthy Workplaces”, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Stolarski
- „Zoom in on Posts – Association for Healthy Workplaces”, Warsaw, Poland
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Institute of Psychology, Warsaw, Poland
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Edgelow M, Legassick K, Novecosky J, Fecica A. Return to Work Experiences of Ontario Public Safety Personnel with Work-Related Psychological Injuries. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2023; 33:796-807. [PMID: 37022655 PMCID: PMC10077313 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Public safety personnel (PSP) perform work that puts them at greater risk of psychological injury than the general public. PSP who subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other mental health conditions may need to take time off of work and use the workers compensation system. Very little is known about the experiences of PSP making this type of claim in Ontario to the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB), or which healthcare professionals (HCP) PSP access as part of the treatment and return to work (RTW) process. This study captures the experiences of Ontario PSP in their RTW journeys, including with employers, WSIB, and HCPs. METHODS A survey-based study was conducted, using email and social media platforms to distribute the survey to PSP across Ontario. Quantitative data were summarized using means and frequencies, and open text results were analyzed using qualitative framework analysis. RESULTS 145 survey respondents met the inclusion criteria for the study. On a scale out of 5, PSP rated their experience with WSIB and employer support as poor on their first RTW attempt with an average rating of 2.93 and 2.46 respectively. The top three HCPs accessed by PSP were psychologists (61%), occupational therapists (OT; 60%) and general practitioners (GP; 44%). Respondents identified the cultural competence of HCPs in understanding their work demands and work culture as very important. CONCLUSIONS To improve RTW experiences for PSP who make a workers compensation claim for a psychological injury, an increase in HCP cultural competence related to PSP work is indicated, as well as improved RTW processes and workplace support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Edgelow
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Kathleen Legassick
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jessica Novecosky
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Fecica
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Wang Y, Xu S, Zhang X. Pull and Push: The Effect of Social Support and Professional Resilience on the Relationship Between Correctional Officers' Cynicism and Service Impact. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 67:1659-1680. [PMID: 36523141 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221139067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the protective influences of social support and professional resilience to probation officers' cynicism and service impact simultaneously. Data on psychological characteristics of a sample of 382 forensic social workers in Chinese legal systems were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and multiple-group analyses were used in a three-step analysis process to test our research model. Results identified that cynicism was negatively associated with probation officers' service impact, ascertained that social support functioned as an extrinsic pull mediating the relationship between probation officers' cynicism and service impact, and determined that professional resilience served as an intrinsic push moderating the impact of cynicism and social support on service impact, respectively. This research proposed a push and pull mechanism by which probation officers' service impact is increased and their work pressure is alleviated, providing tentative recommendations for the alleviation of probation officers' job pressure and improvement of their service impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Wang
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuge Xu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Schwartz JA, Granger DA, Calvi JL, Jodis CA, Steiner B. The Implications of Stress Among Correctional Officers: A Summary of the Risks and Promising Intervention Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023:306624X231213316. [PMID: 38124325 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231213316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed summary and discussion of the concept of stress and how it relates to the health, wellbeing, and performance of corrections officers. In line with these objectives, we focus on three areas: (1) providing a more detailed definition of the concept of stress; (2) a discussion of the ways that increased exposure to stress may impact corrections officers' physical and mental health; and (3) a summary of prevention and intervention strategies that are relevant for corrections officers and have shown promise in dampening the consequences of increased stress exposure. More in-depth knowledge of the concept of stress and the underlying processes that link stress to negative outcomes will provide policy makers and corrections departments with an understanding of the characteristics of prevention and intervention strategies that are expected to be most effective in limiting the consequences of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas A Granger
- The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of California, Irvine, USA
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Siqueira Cassiano M, Ricciardelli R. Sources of stress among Federal Correctional Officers in Canada. CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 50:1229-1251. [PMID: 37426522 PMCID: PMC10323978 DOI: 10.1177/00938548231174900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Most correctional officers describe their jobs as stressful. The current study advances the scholarship on correctional stress by offering a rare qualitative analysis that identifies, provides meaning, and contextualizes sources of stress in correctional services. This study complements the correctional stress literature, which, until now, has relied primarily on quantitative methodologies to identify and assess stress determinants. Forty-four correctional officers from Canada's federal prisons were interviewed about their primary source of stress. Findings indicate that staff (i.e., co-workers and managers), not prison residents, represent a primary source of stress in correctional work. In addition, job seniority and gossip were the main stress triggers associated with co-workers, while centralization of decision-making processes and a lack of instrumental communication and support triggered stress coming from managers.
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Kerrison EMT, Hyatt JM. COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal and Medical Distrust Held by Correctional Officers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1237. [PMID: 37515052 PMCID: PMC10384026 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among prison security staff and the extent to which they trust varied sources of information about the vaccines. Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from a state-wide sample of corrections officers (COs, hereafter; n = 1208) in February 2021. Group differences, disaggregated by demographic characteristics, were examined using F-tests and t-tests. Despite the comparatively limited risk of contracting the virus, non-security staff reported they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine at no cost (74%), compared to their more vulnerable CO counterparts (49%). We observed vaccine refusal correlations between COs' reported gender, age, and length of time working as a CO, but none with their self-reported race. Vaccine refusal was more prevalent among womxn officers, younger officers, and those who had spent less time working as prison security staff. Our findings also suggest that the only trusted source of information about vaccines were family members and only for officers who would refuse the vaccine; the quality of trust placed in those sources, however, was not substantially positive and did not vary greatly across CO racial groups. By highlighting characteristics of the observed gaps in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between COs and their non-security staff coworkers, as well as between corrections officers of varied demographic backgrounds, these findings can inform the development of responsive and accepted occupational health policies for communities both inside and intrinsically linked to prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan M Hyatt
- College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Shih KK, Anderson A, Dai J, Fellman B, Rozman de Moraes A, Stanton P, Nelson C, DeLa Cruz V, Bruera E. Hybrid Work from Home Clinical Academic Environment: A One-Year Follow-Up Survey of Attitudes and Beliefs of Members of a Department of Palliative Care, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine. J Palliat Med 2023; 26:342-352. [PMID: 36108159 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2022.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine (PRIM) department members anonymously reported a positive experience with work from home (WFH) two months after its rapid pandemic transition in March 2020. Data are limited on the stability of such preferences and experiences over time. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to survey the attitudes and beliefs of PRIM employees toward remote work 16 months after the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since vaccines and to determine changes in perceptions of WFH. Methods: All 138 PRIM employees were invited to participate in an anonymous survey from mid-July to mid-August 2021. The 30-question survey included demographics, perceptions toward WFH, and the pandemic. Results: One hundred fifteen (83%) employees completed the survey: 29 (74%) research, 62 (83%) clinicians, and 24 (100%) administrative personnel. Most were female (76%), 30-59 years old (88%), PRIM employees before May 2020 (89%), shared office space (52%), and had received either first or second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (88%). Overall experience (86%) and emotional response (74%) with WFH were positive and not significantly different from 2020 (p = 0.128 and 0.782, respectively). Positive experience was associated with having adequate equipment (p = 0.002), perception of productivity (p = 0.002), financial advantage (p = 0.002), and time demands caring for dependents (p = 0.038). Clinicians reported less positive response (78%, p = 0.002) and less productivity (49%, p = 0.002) with WFH and higher level of stress (54%, p = 0.026) since COVID-19. Employees continued to support WFH permanently (79%) for two or more days/week (82%). There was continued increased emotional exhaustion (71%) similar to 2020 (p = 0.868), and being asked to work partially or completely from home permanently was favored by 64% versus 97% and 96% of clinicians, research, and administrative, respectively (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Support for WFH was sustained a year later and after three pandemic waves. These findings serve as a model for future rapid work transitions and can help elucidate factors associated with stress and emotional exhaustion in a new post-COVID-19 work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoswi Karina Shih
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aimee Anderson
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianliang Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aline Rozman de Moraes
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Penny Stanton
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christina Nelson
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vera DeLa Cruz
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Johnson L, Czachorowski M, Gutridge K, McGrath N, Parkes J, Plugge E. The mental wellbeing of prison staff in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1049497. [PMID: 36935673 PMCID: PMC10020237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1049497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is likely to have had an impact on the mental wellbeing of prison staff because of the high risk for infectious disease outbreaks in prisons and the pre-existing high burden of mental health issues among staff. Methods A cross-sectional study of staff within 26 prisons in England was carried out between 20th July 2020 and 2nd October 2020. Mental wellbeing was measured using the Short-version of Warwick-Edinburgh Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). Staff wellbeing was compared to that of the English population using indirectly standardised data from the Health Survey for England 2010-13 and a one-sample t-test. Multivariate linear regression modelling explored associations with mental wellbeing score. Results Two thousand five hundred and thirty-four individuals were included (response rate 22.2%). The mean age was 44 years, 53% were female, and 93% were white. The sample mean SWEMWBS score was 23.84 and the standardised population mean score was 23.57. The difference in means was statistically significant (95% CI 0.09-0.46), but not of a clinically meaningful level. The multivariate linear regression model was adjusted for age category, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, occupation, and prison service region. Higher wellbeing was significantly associated with older age, male sex, Black/Black British ethnicity, never having smoked, working within the health staff team, and working in certain prison regions. Interpretation Unexpectedly, prison staff wellbeing as measured by SWEMWBS was similar to that of the general population. Reasons for this are unclear but could include the reduction in violence within prisons since the start of the pandemic. Qualitative research across a diverse sample of prison settings would enrich understanding of staff wellbeing within the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Johnson
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Luke Johnson
| | - Maciej Czachorowski
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Vulnerable People and Inclusion Health Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Gutridge
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Women's Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nuala McGrath
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Social Statistics and Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Parkes
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Plugge
- School of Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Vulnerable People and Inclusion Health Directorate, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
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Brooks SK, Greenberg N. Mental health and wellbeing of border security personnel: scoping review. Occup Med (Lond) 2022; 72:636-640. [PMID: 36315001 PMCID: PMC9805299 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst the wellbeing of law enforcement personnel has been widely researched, border security personnel as a discrete group appear to be far less discussed, despite their roles frequently exposing them to potentially traumatic and challenging events such as contact with criminals or witnessing personal tragedies due to trafficking or smuggling. AIMS This scoping review aimed to explore existing literature to better understand the mental health of border security personnel and the factors affecting their wellbeing. METHODS Four electronic databases and grey literature were systematically searched for studies relevant to the review's aims. Following the extraction of relevant data from each study, thematic analysis was used to synthesize findings. RESULTS Thirteen studies included relevant data and were included in the review, identifying stressors including poor management; fatigue; negative public attitudes; inadequate staffing levels, resources, and training; poor opportunities for promotion; low pay; work overload; dangerous working environments; and work-related moral dilemmas. CONCLUSIONS The review found that there has been little academic attention paid to border security personnel as a specific branch of law enforcement. Many of the stressors identified in this review are those also reported by law enforcement generally, although negative attitudes from the public and exposure to moral dilemmas appear to be more relevant for border security staff. Directly addressing work-related stress (e.g. by fostering a supportive organizational culture, addressing mental health stigma, and encouraging help-seeking) may be useful in enhancing the resilience of border security personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - N Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, Weston Education Centre, London SE5 9RJ, UK
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Edgelow M, Scholefield E, McPherson M, Legassick K, Novecosky J. Organizational Factors and Their Impact on Mental Health in Public Safety Organizations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13993. [PMID: 36360872 PMCID: PMC9658143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Public safety personnel (PSP), including correctional officers, firefighters, paramedics, and police officers, have higher rates of mental health conditions than other types of workers. This scoping review maps the impact of organizational factors on PSP mental health, reviewing applicable English language primary studies from 2000-2021. JBI methodology for scoping reviews was followed. After screening, 97 primary studies remained for analysis. Police officers (n = 48) were the most frequent population studied. Correctional officers (n = 27) and paramedics (n = 27) were the second most frequently identified population, followed by career firefighters (n = 20). Lack of supervisor support was the most frequently cited negative organizational factor (n = 23), followed by negative workplace culture (n = 21), and lack of co-worker support (n = 14). Co-worker support (n = 10) was the most frequently identified positive organizational factor, followed by supervisor support (n = 8) and positive workplace culture (n = 5). This scoping review is the first to map organizational factors and their impact on PSP mental health across public safety organizations. The results of this review can inform discussions related to organizational factors, and their relationship to operational and personal factors, to assist in considering which factors are the most impactful on mental health, and which are most amenable to change.
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Franco Idárraga SM. What has been written about burnout syndrome in prison officers? REVISTA ESPANOLA DE SANIDAD PENITENCIARIA 2022; 24:87-93. [PMID: 36533786 PMCID: PMC9768563 DOI: 10.18176/resp.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Working with prison inmates involves constant contact with a stigmatized population, in hostile conditions where the working environment facilitates burnout syndrome among prison workers. The objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographic review to find pioneering and current publications, recognize the authors specializing in the subject and identify the most common findings of their research. MATERIAL AND METHOD The tree of science (ToS) reference search method was used, which applies an analysis of data networks to find the most relevant scientific articles on a specific topic, in this case burnout syndrome. This tool shows the results in the form of a tree, where the root is formed by the classic publications, the trunk for the ones that have shaped the subject and the leaves are the most recent articles. RESULTS We found 140 published documents. The ToS selected 92 articles. The studies contained in the three parts of the ToS were analyzed; some of the determining factors were related to organizational structure, participation in decision-making, satisfaction and commitment to work, and lack of service and programs to help with depression or other mental conditions. DISCUSSION Some factors related to the work that these workers do, combined with the organizational shortages present in prisons, impose stress that leads to burnout syndrome in these employees. To reduce the syndrome, structural changes are needed in the institutions, as well as the strengthening of personal and professional skills and the social integration of prison workers.
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Easterbrook B, Ricciardelli R, Sanger BD, Mitchell MM, McKinnon MC, Carleton RN. Longitudinal study of Canadian correctional workers' wellbeing, organizations, roles and knowledge (CCWORK): Baseline demographics and prevalence of mental health disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:874997. [PMID: 36032233 PMCID: PMC9411959 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Researchers and practitioners have begun to recognize and empirically examine the mental health challenges facing public safety personnel (PSP). Empirical results from longitudinal data collection among PSP remains extremely scant, particularly for institutional correctional workers. We designed the current study to assess the mental health of Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) correctional officer recruits (CORs) across time to help clarify potential challenges to or protective factors for mental health across correctional officer (CO) careers. Methods The current study uses data from the Canadian Correctional Workers' Wellbeing, Organizations, Roles, and Knowledge (CCWORK) study. The study uses a longitudinal design with self-report surveys administered online prior to CORs beginning the CSC Correctional Training Program. Initial baseline survey data were used to assess demographic information and mental health symptoms endorsed at the outset of the training program. Results Participating CORs (n = 265; 40% female; age = 32.8, SD = 9.1) began training between August 2018 and July 2021. Participants were less likely to screen positive for one or more current mental health disorders (i.e., 4.9%) than previously published rates for serving correctional officers (i.e., 54.6%), including reporting lower rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (i.e., 2.4 vs. 29.1%) and major depressive disorder (i.e., 1.9 vs. 31.1%). Conclusion/Impact Prevalence of positive screens for current mental health disorders in CORs appears lower than for the general population, and significantly lower than for serving correctional officers. The current results suggest an important causal relationship may exist between correctional work and detrimental mental health outcomes. Maintaining the mental health of correctional officers may require institutionally-supported proactive and responsive multimodal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Easterbrook
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
- MacDonald Franklin Operational Stress Injury Research Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rosemary Ricciardelli
- School of Maritime Studies, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Brahm D. Sanger
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan M. Mitchell
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Margaret C. McKinnon
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Magnavita N, Chiorri C, Acquadro Maran D, Garbarino S, Di Prinzio RR, Gasbarri M, Matera C, Cerrina A, Gabriele M, Labella M. Organizational Justice and Health: A Survey in Hospital Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159739. [PMID: 35955099 PMCID: PMC9367749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In complex systems such as hospitals, work organization can influence the level of occupational stress and, consequently, the physical and mental health of workers. Hospital healthcare workers were asked to complete a questionnaire during their regular occupational health examination, in order to assess the perceived level of organizational justice, and to verify whether it was associated with occupational stress, mental health, and absenteeism. The questionnaire included the Colquitt Organizational Justice (OJ) Scale, the Karasek/Theorell demand-control-support (DCS) questionnaire for occupational stress, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) for mental health. Workers were also required to indicate whether they had been absent because of back pain in the past year. Organizational justice was a significant predictor of occupational stress. Stress was a mediator in the relationship between justice and mental health. Occupational stress was more closely related to perceptions of lack of distributive justice than to perceptions of procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice. Physicians perceived significantly less distributive justice than other workers. In adjusted univariate logistic regression models, the perceptions of organizational justice were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of sick leave for back pain (OR 0.96; CI95% 0.94−0.99; p < 0.001), whereas occupational stress was associated with an increased risk of sick leave (OR 6.73; CI95% 2.02−22.40; p < 0.002). Work organization is a strong predictor of occupational stress and of mental and physical health among hospital employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3473300367
| | - Carlo Chiorri
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Acquadro Maran
- WOW—Work and Organisational Well-Being Research Group, Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Reparata Rosa Di Prinzio
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Cerrina
- Local Sanitary Unit Roma4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
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16
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Chen J, Wang Y, Du W, Liu S, Xiao Z, Wu Y. Analysis on the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and job satisfaction among family doctors in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:992. [PMID: 35922789 PMCID: PMC9351256 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family doctor contract services was launched in Sichuan province in 2016. The focus was mainly on developing primary health care services but paying less attention to the work stress and job satisfaction of in-service family doctors. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the influencing factors of job satisfaction, and the relation between work stress indicators and job satisfaction among family physicians. METHODS An analytical online cross-sectional survey was performed among 1,105 family doctors from 23 districts and counties in Chengdu. Self-administered questionnaire was completed. Sociodemographic factors, work stress measured by Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI)scale, and job satisfaction assessed by the short Chinese version of the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) were collected in this study. A statistical analysis and hierarchical linear regression analysis were performed to explore the influencing factors and the correlations among related variables. RESULTS The overall mean MSQ score was 52.01 ± 13.23. Analysis of doctor satisfaction indicated that age, education, job rank, type of institution, years of working and monthly income were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were negative correlation coefficients between general job satisfaction and effort/reward ratio (ERR) (r = -0.130, P < 0.001) and overcommitment (r = -0.615, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The level of job satisfaction among family doctors was considerable low. Age, education, job rank, type of institution, years of working and monthly income were influencing factors of job satisfaction. ERI and overcommitment had a negative correlation with general job satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Chen
- Department of General Practice, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of General Practice, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Du
- Department of General Practice, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of General Practice, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhu Xiao
- Department of General Practice, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuelei Wu
- Department of General Practice, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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17
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Anders R, Willemin-Petignat L, Rolli Salathé C, Samson AC, Putois B. Profiling Police Forces against Stress: Risk and Protective Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Burnout in Police Officers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9218. [PMID: 35954576 PMCID: PMC9368562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Police officers are frequently exposed to highly stressful situations at work and have an increased risk to develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout (BO). It is currently not well understood which officers are most at risk to develop these disorders. The aim of this study was to determine which coping strategies and personality traits could act as protective or risk factors in relation to PTSD and BO. The second aim, in the interest of designating preventive and therapeutical measures, was to determine whether certain profiles of police officers could be identified as high risk for developing mental disorders. Herein, 1073 French-speaking police officers in Switzerland reported in an online survey about their PTSD and BO symptoms, anxiety, depression, suicide ideation, coping strategies, occupational stress, and personality factors. The cluster analysis highlighted three principal profiles of police officers: those who are not at risk of developing pathologies because they are not exposed or insensitive to these stressors, and those who are, among which personality and coping strategies oriented the risk of developing PTSD or BO. These same protective and risk factors were also corroborated in the linear and logistic regression analyses. These results may suggest that a crucial opportunity for mitigating mental health issues in the force could consist of screening recruits for risk-related personality traits and orienting them towards psychological training programs for the development of functional coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce Anders
- EPSYLON Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, F34000 Montpellier, France
- EMC Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lyon 2, F69500 Bron, France
| | | | - Cornelia Rolli Salathé
- Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland; (C.R.S.); (A.C.S.); (B.P.)
- Occupational Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea C. Samson
- Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland; (C.R.S.); (A.C.S.); (B.P.)
- Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Putois
- Faculty of Psychology, Unidistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland; (C.R.S.); (A.C.S.); (B.P.)
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, F69675 Bron, France
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18
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Hewson T, Gutridge K, Bernard Z, Kay K, Robinson L. A systematic review and mixed-methods synthesis of the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of prison staff regarding adult prisoners who self-harm. BJPsych Open 2022; 8:e102. [PMID: 35659128 PMCID: PMC9230562 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm, including suicide, is common among prisoners. Staff attitudes and perceptions regarding self-harm may affect quality of care and patient safety. AIMS To systematically review the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of staff in adult prisons regarding self-harm. METHOD Systematic searches of EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were conducted, and supplemented by hand-searching and grey literature review, to identify relevant English-language articles published since the year 2000. Articles were screened by two authors and evaluated with standardised quality appraisal tools. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, whereas quantitative data were narratively synthesised because of high study heterogeneity. RESULTS Two thousand articles were identified, of which 32 were included, involving 6389 participants from five countries. Most studies were moderate (n = 15) or poor (n = 10) quality, and seven were rated as good quality. Staff frequently witnessed self-harm and described multiple perceived risk factors and causes of this. Perceptions that self-harm is 'manipulative' or 'attention-seeking' were associated with hostility toward prisoners and lower quality of care. Perceived barriers to preventing and managing self-harm included low staffing levels, prison environments and culture, poor staff confidence and insufficient training. The importance of multidisciplinary teamwork and building staff-prisoner relationships were highlighted. Staff occasionally experienced intense psychological reactions to self-harm, which resulted in adaptive or maladaptive coping that influenced their capacity to care. CONCLUSIONS There are mixed attitudes and perceptions toward self-harm among prison staff. Further training, support and resources are required to protect staff's well-being and improve self-harm prevention and management in prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hewson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; and North West School of Psychiatry, Health Education England, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kerry Gutridge
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Zara Bernard
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Kathryn Kay
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Louise Robinson
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, UK; and Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Mijakoski D, Cheptea D, Marca SC, Shoman Y, Caglayan C, Bugge MD, Gnesi M, Godderis L, Kiran S, McElvenny DM, Mediouni Z, Mesot O, Minov J, Nena E, Otelea M, Pranjic N, Mehlum IS, van der Molen HF, Canu IG. Determinants of Burnout among Teachers: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095776. [PMID: 35565168 PMCID: PMC9104901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to review the determinants of burnout onset in teachers. The study was conducted according to the PROSPERO protocol CRD42018105901, with a focus on teachers. We performed a literature search from 1990 to 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase. We included longitudinal studies assessing burnout as a dependent variable, with a sample of at least 50 teachers. We summarized studies by the types of determinant and used the MEVORECH tool for a risk of bias assessment (RBA). The quantitative synthesis focused on emotional exhaustion. We standardized the reported regression coefficients and their standard errors and plotted them using R software to distinguish between detrimental and protective determinants. A qualitative analysis of the included studies (n = 33) identified 61 burnout determinants. The RBA showed that most studies had external and internal validity issues. Most studies implemented two waves (W) of data collection with 6–12 months between W1 and W2. Four types of determinants were summarized quantitatively, namely support, conflict, organizational context, and individual characteristics, based on six studies. This systematic review identified detrimental determinants of teacher exhaustion, including job satisfaction, work climate or pressure, teacher self-efficacy, neuroticism, perceived collective exhaustion, and classroom disruption. We recommend that authors consider using harmonized methods and protocols such as those developed in OMEGA-NET and other research consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Mijakoski
- Institute of Occupational Health of RNM, WHO Collaborating Center, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dumitru Cheptea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Sandy Carla Marca
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.C.M.); (Y.S.); (Z.M.); (O.M.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Yara Shoman
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.C.M.); (Y.S.); (Z.M.); (O.M.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Cigdem Caglayan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit 41001, Turkey;
| | - Merete Drevvatne Bugge
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), 0363 Oslo, Norway; (M.D.B.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Marco Gnesi
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Sibel Kiran
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| | - Damien M. McElvenny
- Research Group, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK;
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zakia Mediouni
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.C.M.); (Y.S.); (Z.M.); (O.M.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Olivia Mesot
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.C.M.); (Y.S.); (Z.M.); (O.M.); (I.G.C.)
| | - Jordan Minov
- Institute of Occupational Health of RNM, WHO Collaborating Center, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius, University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Evangelia Nena
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Marina Otelea
- Clinical Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nurka Pranjic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Clinic of Occupational Pathology and Toxicology, University Institute of Primary Health, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), 0363 Oslo, Norway; (M.D.B.); (I.S.M.)
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Henk F. van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Societal Participation & Health, 1105 BP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.C.M.); (Y.S.); (Z.M.); (O.M.); (I.G.C.)
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20
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Kinman G, Clements AJ. Sickness Presenteeism in Prison Officers: Risk Factors and Implications for Wellbeing and Productivity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063389. [PMID: 35329080 PMCID: PMC8949989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sickness presenteeism involves employees continuing to work while unwell. As presenteeism is influenced by contextual and individual difference factors, it is important to assess its prevalence and implications for wellbeing and productivity in different occupational groups. This study examines these issues in a sample of prison officers working in UK institutions. Data were obtained from a survey of 1956 prison officers. Measures assessed the prevalence of and reasons for presenteeism and the perceived impact on job performance, along with mental health and perceptions of workplace safety climate. More than nine respondents out of ten (92%) reported working while unwell at least sometimes, with 43% reporting that they always did so. Presenteeism frequency was significantly related to mental health symptoms, impaired job performance and a poorer workplace safety climate. The reasons provided for presenteeism explained 31% of the variance in self-reported mental health, 34% in job performance and 17% in workplace safety climate, but the pattern of predictors varied according to the outcome. The findings can be used to inform interventions at the organisational and individual levels to encourage a ‘healthier’ approach to sickness absence, with likely benefits for staff wellbeing, job performance and workplace safety climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Kinman
- Department of Organizational Psychology, School of Business, Economics and Informatics, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7JL, UK
- Correspondence:
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Ersayan AE, Çankaya B, Erdem G, Broers NJ, de Ruiter C. The link between attitudes toward probationers and job burnout in Turkish probation officers. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:727-741. [PMID: 34269425 PMCID: PMC9291604 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to investigate individual-level factors associated with job burnout among probation officers (POs) and, specifically, to examine if attitudes toward probationers were linked with job burnout in the context of the recently established probation system in Turkey. Participants (N = 115) were recruited from a probation office in Istanbul. Job burnout was assessed via three components: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and professional accomplishment. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that more favorable attitudes toward probationers were related to a lower sense of depersonalization and higher experience of professional accomplishment. However, POs' attitudes toward probationers were not associated with emotional exhaustion. Our findings are discussed in light of the present empirical literature on the contextual factors influential in job burnout. Practical implications for burnout prevention point to the potential effectiveness of working on attitudes among POs toward the people they supervise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe E. Ersayan
- Department of Clinical and Psychological ScienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychologyKoç UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Banu Çankaya
- Department of PsychologyMEF UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Gizem Erdem
- Department of PsychologyKoç UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Nick J. Broers
- Department of Methodology and StatisticsMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Corine de Ruiter
- Department of Clinical and Psychological ScienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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22
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Mo PKH, Cheng Y, Lau JTF. Work-related factors on mental health among migrant factory workers in china: Application of the Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:656-667. [PMID: 32989898 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems are prevalent among migrant workers in China. The present study examined the prevalence of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation) among migrant workers in China, and identified the work-related factors associated with their mental health problems based on the Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance Model. A total of 807 migrant workers were recruited from three factories in Shenzhen using stratified randomized sampling. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety, mild-to-severe depression and suicidal ideation in the past year was 17.8%, 60.3% and 4.8% respectively. Results from stepwise regression analyses reported that role conflict and effort were risk factors, whereas utilization of job skills and reward were protective factors for anxiety and depression. Social support was also associated with lower level of depression. Effort was the only factor associated with suicidal ideation in the stepwise analysis. Interventions to improve their mental health are warranted and they should work to reduce their role conflict, improve effort-reward balance, promote utilization of skills and increase social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviors Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviors Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Medical Anthropology, Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Olson L, Gearing R, Pérez Ramírez B, Torres LR. An Exploratory Study on the Role of Burnout and Devaluation among Staff in Psychiatric Correctional Facilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 66:249-266. [PMID: 33882729 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Correctional staff work in demanding job environments that can lead to increased burnout. Research aims were to determine the prevalence of burnout and devaluation of consumers (i.e., individuals in their care) and their families among correctional staff, examine associations between burnout and devaluation of consumers and their families, and determine significant predictors of burnout. This exploratory study investigated 30 correctional staff in a specialized psychiatric correctional facility for individuals with mental illness in Mexico City. Correctional staff experienced low to moderate burnout, reported high levels of devaluation of consumers (DCS), and low levels of devaluation of consumers' families (DCFS). The implications of burnout on DCS and DCFS warrant large scale research and should compare burnout and devaluation in specialized psychiatric correctional facilities versus general correctional facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis R Torres
- The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, USA
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24
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How Role Overload Affects Physical and Psychological Health of Low-ranking Government Employees at Different Ages: the Mediating Role of Burnout. Saf Health Work 2022; 13:207-212. [PMID: 35664907 PMCID: PMC9142360 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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25
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Nordin NM, Dahamat Azam N, Rosnon MR, Abu Talib M. Job stress and depression among Malaysian anti-drug professionals: The moderating role of job-related coping strategies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1020947. [PMID: 36419977 PMCID: PMC9676435 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1020947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression can cause negative consequences to workers' health and social functioning, such as poor work productivity, mental disorders, and suicide. Existing studies have argued that job stress is closely related to depression in many professions. Yet, information on how coping strategies play a significant role in the relationships among Malaysian anti-drug professionals is still scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine to what extent coping strategies moderate the relationship between job stress and depression among Malaysian anti-drug professionals. A total of 3,356 National Antidrug Agency (NADA) officers aged between 21 and 59 years completed online self-report measures of depression, job stress, and job-related control coping and avoidant coping behaviors. The results showed that job stress was strongly correlated with depression, and both coping strategies were found to significantly moderate the correlations. The correlations between stress and depression were stronger among participants who had higher levels of avoidant coping or those who had lower levels of control coping. To conclude, this study highlights the importance of considering job stress and coping behaviors to understand anti-drug professionals' mental health during this challenging COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naqi Dahamat Azam
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Roslan Rosnon
- Department of Social and Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mansor Abu Talib
- Faculty of Social Science and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kinman G, Clements AJ. New psychoactive substances, safety and mental health in prison officers. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 71:346-350. [PMID: 34415337 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in UK prisons is believed to have increased substantially. As well as posing a significant threat to prisoners' health, NPS use can trigger violent, unpredictable and aggressive behaviour. Dealing with the direct and indirect effects of NPS therefore has the potential to compromise the physical and psychological safety of prison staff. AIMS This study investigates prison officers' perceptions of NPS use in their workplace and their risk of exposure. Relationships between NPS exposure, the workplace safety climate and mental health were also examined. METHODS We assessed prison officers' perceptions of the prevalence of NPS use among prisoners in their workplace, their personal exposure and the safety climate in their institution through an online survey. The General Health Questionnaire-12 measured mental health. Descriptive statistics were used to assess officers' perceptions of NPS use in their workplace and their personal exposure and correlations examined relationships between variables. RESULTS The sample comprised 1956 prison officers (86% male). Most respondents (85%) highlighted NPS as a serious cause for concern in their institution. Two-thirds (66%) reported being personally exposed to NPS at least sometimes, with 22% being exposed once a day or more. Significant relationships were found between officers' perceived NPS exposure, assessments of safety climate and self-reported mental health. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the need for urgent action to reduce the use of NPS among prisoners. This is likely to improve the safety climate of UK prisons and the mental health of staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kinman
- Department of Organizational Psychology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - A J Clements
- School of Psychological, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Mental Health in Prison: Integrating the Perspectives of Prison Staff. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111254. [PMID: 34769773 PMCID: PMC8583518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The Italian Constitutional Court’s decision n. 99/2019 abolished the distinction between physical and psychological health care in the Italian prison system. However, this and other changes to the penitentiary system present challenges to prison staff, which may vary based on their roles and backgrounds; (2) Purpose: To create a process of dialogue and collaboration that include different points of view, needs, and proposals regarding mental health in prisons, this study collects and integrates the perspectives of 91 prison staff who work in various capacities in eight prisons in northeast Italy. (3) Methods: Each participant was involved in either a focus group or a semi-structured interview, and thematic analysis was used to process the resulting transcripts; (3) Results: Through this process, 10 themes were derived that highlight the difficulties of working with prisoners with psychiatric disorders or psychological distress, including lack of human and economic resources, lack of positive communication between prisoners and society and a sense of professional incompetency; (4) Conclusions: Based on these themes, the need for increased points of view, dialogue, and collaboration between prison professionals and between prison and society is discussed, and the current feasibility of treating psychiatric disorders in prison is considered.
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Cloud DH, Augustine D, Ahalt C, Haney C, Peterson L, Braun C, Williams B. "We just needed to open the door": a case study of the quest to end solitary confinement in North Dakota. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2021; 9:28. [PMID: 34664150 PMCID: PMC8522549 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Solitary confinement is a widespread practice in US correctional facilities. Long-standing concerns about the physical and mental health effects of solitary confinement have led to litigation, legislation, and community activism resulting in many prison systems introducing policies or implementing legal mandates to reduce or eliminate its use. Yet little is known about the nature and effectiveness of policies that states have adopted to reduce their use of solitary confinement and exactly how various reforms have actually impacted the lives of people living and working in the prisons where these reforms have taken place. METHODS We conducted an embedded case study, analyzing changes in policies and procedures, administrative data, and focus groups and interviews with incarcerated persons and staff, to describe the circumstances that led to changes in solitary confinement policies and practices in the North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (ND DOCR) and the perceived impact of these changes on incarcerated persons and prison staff. . RESULTS North Dakota's correctional officials and staff members attributed the impetus to change their solitary confinement policies to their participation in a program that directly exposed them to the Norwegian Correctional Service's philosophy, policies, and practices in 2015. The ensuing policy changes made by North Dakota officials were swift and resulted in a 74.28% reduction in the use of solitary confinement between 2016 and 2020. Additionally, placements in any form of restrictive housing decreased markedly for incarcerated persons with serious mental illness. In the two prisons that had solitary confinement units, rule infractions involving violence decreased at one prison overall and it decreased within the units at both prisons that were previously used for solitary confinement. Although fights and assaults between incarcerated people increased in one of the prison's general population units, during the initial months of reforms, these events continued to decline compared to years before reform. Moreover, incarcerated people and staff attributed the rise to a concomitant worsening of conditions in the general population due to overcrowding, idleness, and double bunking. Both incarcerated persons and staff members reported improvements in their health and well-being, enhanced interactions with one another, and less exposure to violence following the reforms. CONCLUSIONS Immersing correctional leaders in the Norwegian Correctional Service' public health and human rights principles motivated and guided the ND DOCR to pursue policy changes to decrease the use of solitary confinement in their prisons. Ensuing reductions in solitary confinement were experienced as beneficial to the health and wellness of incarcerated persons and staff alike. This case-study describes these policy changes and the perspectives of staff and incarcerated persons about the reforms that were undertaken. Findings have implications for stakeholders seeking to reduce their use of solitary confinement and limit its harmful consequences and underscore the need for research to describe and assess the impact of solitary confinement reforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Cloud
- Amend, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 8, UCSF Box 1265, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Dallas Augustine
- Amend, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 8, UCSF Box 1265, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Cyrus Ahalt
- Amend, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 8, UCSF Box 1265, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Craig Haney
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Lisa Peterson
- North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, 3100 Railroad Avenue, P.O. Box 1898, Bismarck, ND, 58502-1898, USA
| | - Colby Braun
- North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, 3100 Railroad Avenue, P.O. Box 1898, Bismarck, ND, 58502-1898, USA
| | - Brie Williams
- Amend, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, 490 Illinois Street, Floor 8, UCSF Box 1265, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Alavi N, Stephenson C, Omrani M, Gerritsen C, Martin MS, Knyahnytskyi A, Zhu Y, Kumar A, Jagayat J, Shirazi A, Moghimi E, Patel C, Knyahnytska Y, Simpson AIF, Zaheer J, Andersen J, Munshi A, Groll D. Delivering an Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program to Address Mental Health Challenges Faced by Correctional Workers and Other Public Safety Personnel: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e30845. [PMID: 34088656 PMCID: PMC8367142 DOI: 10.2196/30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public safety personnel have regular and often intense exposure to potentially traumatic events at work, especially workplace violence in the case of correctional workers. Subsequently, correctional workers are at higher risk of developing mental health problems such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Public safety personnel are up to 4 times more likely to experience suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and death by suicide compared to the general population. Despite this high prevalence, help-seeking behaviors from public safety personnel are low due to stigma and irregular work hours limiting access to care. Innovative treatments are needed to address these challenges. OBJECTIVE This study will investigate the efficacy of an electronically delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (e-CBT) program tailored to correctional workers' mental health problems. METHODS This study is composed of 4 phases. In phase 1, we will interview correctional workers individually and in focus groups to identify personal, social, and cultural factors affecting their mental health and barriers to care. Phase 2 will use the information gathered from the interviews to develop gender- and diagnosis-specific e-CBT modules. These will be presented to a new group of participants who will provide further feedback on their usability and accessibility. In phase 3, we will randomly assign participants to either an e-CBT or treatment as usual arm. The program will be evaluated with validated symptomatology questionnaires and interviews. Phase 4 will use this additional information to fine-tune the e-CBT modules for a larger-scale randomized controlled trial design comparing the e-CBT program to in-person CBT. All e-CBT modules will be delivered through a secure online platform. RESULTS The study received ethics approval in December 2020, and participant recruitment began in March 2021. Participant recruitment has been conducted through targeted advertisements and physician referrals. To date, there have been 15 participants recruited for Phase 1, and it is expected to conclude in July 2021, with phase 2 beginning in September 2021. Complete data collection and analysis from all phases are expected to conclude by July 2023. Linear and binomial regression (for continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively) will be conducted along with interpretive qualitative methods. CONCLUSIONS If proven efficacious and feasible, this e-CBT program can provide a high-quality and clinically validated resource to address the mental health problems of correctional workers. Additionally, findings can contribute to the development of innovative treatments for other public safety professions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04666974; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04666974. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/30845.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Alavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Callum Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mohsen Omrani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- OPTT Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cory Gerritsen
- Forensic Early Intervention Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S Martin
- Health Services Sector, Correctional Service Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Knyahnytskyi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Yiran Zhu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's Unviersity, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anchan Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jasleen Jagayat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Shirazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- OPTT Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elnaz Moghimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Charmy Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Yuliya Knyahnytska
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- General Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander I F Simpson
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juveria Zaheer
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Judith Andersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Alpna Munshi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dianne Groll
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Military and Veteran Health Research, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Boulier S, Baumann C, Rousseau H, Horrach P, Bourion-Bédès S. Burnout profiles among French workers in health units for inmates: results of the EHCAU study. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:595. [PMID: 34158026 PMCID: PMC8218524 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care personnel who work in penitentiary environments are at risk of burnout due to a variety of factors. Latest research have brought forward a classification system consisting of five burnout profiles on a continuum between engagement and burnout. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of these profiles among professionals working in French health units providing health services for inmates according to the three levels of care and to investigate their characteristics to propose appropriate management and prevention approaches. METHODS This study involved a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Evaluation of Health CAre in Units for inmates (EHCAU) study, a multicentric cohort study of professionals practising in health units for inmates in eastern France. Burnout was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) at the levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Job conditions and characteristics were measured using the Karasek Job Content Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported health status were also collected. Differences between MBI profiles were identified using Fisher's exact test and the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS Of the 350 professionals surveyed, 150 responded (42.9%). The most frequent profiles were ineffective (36.9%) and engagement (34.8%). The burnout (7.8%), overextended (15.6%) and disengaged (5.0%) profiles made up the remaining quarter. Significant differences in the burnout profiles were observed in regard to professional occupation (p = 0.01), irregular eating hours (p = 0.04), history of complaint procedures (p = 0.05), anxiety (p < 0.0001), depression (p < 0.0001) and the mental component of self-reported quality of life (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that special attention should be given to professionals working in these challenging settings. The results have important implications for theory and research and for more customized approach interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID RCB: 2018-A03029-46.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cédric Baumann
- Unit of Methodology, Data Management and Statistics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès, Nancy, France
- EA4360 APEMAC (Health adjustment, measurement and assessment, interdisciplinary approaches) MICS team, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès, Nancy, France
| | - Hélène Rousseau
- Unit of Methodology, Data Management and Statistics, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès, Nancy, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Bourion-Bédès
- EA4360 APEMAC (Health adjustment, measurement and assessment, interdisciplinary approaches) MICS team, University of Lorraine, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès, Nancy, France.
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, 78000, Versailles, France.
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Nowotny KM, Seide K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Risk of COVID-19 infection among prison staff in the United States. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1036. [PMID: 34078350 PMCID: PMC8170443 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple large outbreaks of COVID-19 have been documented in prisons and jails across regions of the world, with hazardous environmental conditions amplify the risks of exposure for both incarcerated people and correctional staff. The objectives of this study are to estimate the cumulative prevalence of COVID-19 cases among U.S. prison staff over time and compare it to the prison inmate population and the general U.S. population, overall, and to examine risk of COVID-19 infection among prison staff across jurisdictions. METHODS We use publicly available data (April 22, 2020 to January 15, 2021) to estimate COVID-19 crude case rates per 1000 with 95% confidence intervals over the study period for prison staff, incarcerated population, and general population. We also compare COVID-19 case rates between prison staff and the general population within jurisdictions. RESULTS Over the study period, prison staff have reported consistently higher rates of COVID-19 compared to the general population, with prison staff case rates more closely mirroring the incarcerated population case rates. The rolling 7-day average case rates for prison staff, prison population, and general population on January 15, 2021 were 196.04 per 1000 (95%CI 194.81, 197.26), 219.16 (95%CI 218.45, 219.86), and 69.80 (95%CI 69.78, 69.83), respectively. There was substantial heterogeneity across jurisdictions, yet in 87% of study jurisdictions, the risk of COVID-19 was significantly greater among prison staff than the general state population. CONCLUSIONS Targeting staff for COVID-19 mitigation strategies is essential to protect the health of people who intersect with the correctional system and to flatten the curve in the surrounding communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Nowotny
- University of Miami Department of Sociology, 5202 University Drive, Merrick Building 120, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Kapriske Seide
- University of Miami Department of Sociology, 5202 University Drive, Merrick Building 120, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Chapel Hill Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, 333 South Columbia Street, MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Jaegers LA, Vaughn MG, Werth P, Matthieu MM, Ahmad SO, Barnidge E. Work-Family Conflict, Depression, and Burnout Among Jail Correctional Officers: A 1-Year Prospective Study. Saf Health Work 2021; 12:167-173. [PMID: 34178393 PMCID: PMC8209357 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctional officers (COs) experience elevated rates of mental and physical ill-health as compared with other general industry and public safety occupations. The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic, mental health, job tenure, and work-family characteristics and their prospective association to burnout within and between jail officers during one year of new employment. METHODS In 2016, newly hired jail officers (N = 144) completed self-reported surveys across four time points in a one-year prospective study at a Midwestern United States urban jail. Linear mixed-effects and growth modeling examined how work-family conflict (W-FC) and depressive symptoms relate to perceptions of burnout over time. RESULTS Jail officer burnout increased and was related to rises in W-FC and depression symptoms. Within-person variance for W-FC (B pooled = .52, p < .001) and depression symptoms (B pooled = .06, p < .01) were significant predictors of burnout. Less time on the job remained a significant predictor of burnout across all analyses (B pooled = .03, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate that burnout increased during the first year of new employment; and increased W-FC, higher depression, and brief tenure were associated with burnout among jail COs. Future study of correctional workplace health is needed to identify tailored, multilevel interventions that address burnout and W-FC prevention and early intervention among COs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Jaegers
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Saint Louis University Doisy College of Health Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Werth
- Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University College of Arts & Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica M. Matthieu
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Syed Omar Ahmad
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Saint Louis University Doisy College of Health Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ellen Barnidge
- Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Elghazally SA, Alkarn AF, Elkhayat H, Ibrahim AK, Elkhayat MR. Burnout Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health-Care Professionals at Assiut University Hospitals, 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5368. [PMID: 34069955 PMCID: PMC8157591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND burnout syndrome is a serious and growing problem among medical staff. Its adverse outcomes not only affect health-care providers' health, but also extend to their patients, resulting in bad-quality care. The COVID-19 pandemic puts frontline health-care providers at greater risk of psychological stress and burnout syndrome. OBJECTIVES this study aimed to identify the levels of burnout among health-care professionals currently working at Assiut University hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS the current study adopted an online cross-sectional design using the SurveyMonkey® website for data collection. A total of 201 physicians were included and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale was used to assess the three burnout syndrome dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. RESULTS about one-third, two-thirds, and one-quarter of the respondents had high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, respectively. Younger, resident, and single physicians reported higher burnout scores. The personal accomplishment score was significantly higher among males. Those working more than eight hours/day and dealing with COVID-19 patients had significantly higher scores. CONCLUSION during the COVID-19 pandemic, a high prevalence of burnout was recorded among physicians. Age, job title, working duration, and working hours/day were significant predictors for burnout syndrome subscale results. Preventive and interventive programs should be applied in health-care organizations during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Elghazally
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Assiut University, Asyut 715715, Egypt;
| | - Atef F. Alkarn
- Chest Disease Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut 715715, Egypt;
| | - Hussein Elkhayat
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut 715715, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed K. Ibrahim
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut 715715, Egypt;
| | - Mariam Roshdy Elkhayat
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, Assiut University, Asyut 715715, Egypt;
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Mishara BL, Fortin LF. Long-Term Effects of a Comprehensive Police Suicide Prevention Program. CRISIS 2021; 43:183-189. [PMID: 33944609 PMCID: PMC9158739 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract.Background: Mishara and Martin (2012) reported decreases in
suicides 12 years after implementation of a police suicide prevention program.
Aims: We aimed to determine whether suicide decreases were
sustained 10 years later. Method: We examined coroners’
investigations of police deaths from 2009 through 2018.
Results: From 2009 to 2018, Montreal suicide rates
increased but this was not significantly different from the previous 12 years
and the rate for other Quebec police remained significantly higher than Montreal
(p < .006). The 22-year Montreal postprogram rate was
significantly lower than the preprogram rate (p < .002),
and the 22-year rate for other police during the same years was not
significantly different from earlier. Limitations: Uncontrolled
factors may have influenced the rates, including the 11% increase in women in
the Montreal police. The observed mean aging of the Montreal police personnel
would have been expected to bias toward finding increases in suicides. However,
the maintenance of decreases in suicide rates was observed.
Conclusion: The decrease in suicides observed 12 years
after the program was sustained for another 10 years, and appears related to the
program. Rates for comparable police remained higher. A continuing comprehensive
suicide prevention program tailored to the context may reduce suicides for
extended time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Mishara
- Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide, Ethical Issues and End-of-Life Practices, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, QC, Canada
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Dugan AG, Namazi S, Cavallari JM, Rinker RD, Preston JC, Steele VL, Cherniack MG. Participatory survey design of a workforce health needs assessment for correctional supervisors. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:414-430. [PMID: 33503677 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The correctional workforce experiences persistent health problems, and interventions designed with worker participation show favorable outcomes. However, participatory intervention research often leaves workers out of the health needs assessment, the basis of interventions subsequently developed. This omission risks failure to detect factors contributing to the health and is less likely to result in primary prevention interventions. METHODS Partnering with a correctional supervisors' union, we followed Schulz and colleagues' community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods for participatory survey design and used Healthy Workplace Participatory Program (HWPP) tools to develop a tailored survey to assess workforce health and contributing factors. Utilizing the HWPP Focus Group Guide, we generated key themes to adapt the HWPP All Employee Survey, a generic workforce health assessment, to become thorough and contextually-relevant for correctional supervisors. RESULTS Content analysis of focus group data revealed 12 priority health concerns and contributors, including organizational culture, masculinity, work-family conflict, family support, trauma, positive job aspects, health literacy and efficacy, health/risk behaviors, sleep, obesity, and prioritizing work and income over health. Twenty-six measures were added to the generic survey, mainly health-related antecedents including knowledge, attitudes, norms, and motivation. CONCLUSION Findings yielded new insights about supervisors' lived experiences of work and health, and resulted in a customized workforce survey. CBPR methods and HWPP tools allowed us to identify health issues that we would not have detected with conventional methods, and provide opportunities for interventions that address root causes of poor health. We share challenges faced and lessons learned using CBPR with the correctional workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G. Dugan
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Sara Namazi
- Department of Health Sciences Springfield College Springfield Massachusetts USA
| | - Jennifer M. Cavallari
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | | | | | | | - Martin G. Cherniack
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
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Sygit-Kowalkowska E, Piotrowski A, Hamzah I. Insomnia among Prison Officers and Its Relationship with Occupational Burnout: The Role of Coping with Stress in Polish and Indonesian Samples. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4282. [PMID: 33920740 PMCID: PMC8072557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, data on sleep disorders among prison officers (POs) have been scarce. Research allows us to relate this problem to occupational stress, which POs experience every day. The aim of the current study was to analyze the scale, predictors, and impact of select factors on the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout. This study was carried out on a sample of 376 Indonesian and 288 Polish POs using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory, and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Results showed that 43.4% of the Polish sample exhibited early symptoms of insomnia, compared to 26.1% of the Indonesian sample. Sleep disorders had a significant role in developing occupational burnout. In both samples, coping strategies such as help-seeking and engagement were revealed to have a mediating role in the relationship between insomnia and occupational burnout dimensions. For the total sample and for the Polish sample, the coping strategy of help-seeking was the only predictor of insomnia. Discrepancies (concerning the role of age, gender, and multi-shift work) were observed between the current results and earlier studies. The current study's limitations were discussed and new solutions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Imaduddin Hamzah
- Community Guidance, Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan, Depok 16514, Indonesia;
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Page J, Robertson N. Extent and predictors of work-related distress in community correction officers: a systematic review. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2021; 29:155-182. [PMID: 35755153 PMCID: PMC9225775 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2021.1894259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that indirect exposure to trauma can have a detrimental psychological impact on professionals working within, and interfacing with, law enforcement and the criminal justice system. This systematic review aimed to explore the extent and predictors of work-related distress amongst community corrections personnel. A search of five databases identified 19 papers eligible for inclusion; 16 addressed burnout, and the remainder investigated secondary trauma, vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue. Synthesis revealed that community corrections personnel reported burnout at levels akin to those of other professions working in forensic contexts, though reports of secondary trauma appeared higher. Predictive factors encompassed personal, role-based and organisational factors. Research reporting work-related distress in correctional officers is focused on burnout but uses divergent models of stress, reveals methodological weaknesses, and to date has little examined responses to indirect trauma. The limitations of this review are discussed, alongside clinical implications and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Noelle Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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da Silva Venâncio L, Coutinho BD, Mont'Alverne DGB, Andrade RF. Burnout and quality of life among correctional officers in a women's correctional facility. Rev Bras Med Trab 2021; 18:312-321. [PMID: 33597981 PMCID: PMC7879469 DOI: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The correctional officer career is considered a stressful and risky occupation that can affect the mental health of workers due to stress and burnout; this syndrome presents itself with physical, psychological, behavioral, and defensive symptoms, ultimately affecting quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate the sociodemographic profile, burnout levels, and quality of life of female correctional officers in a women’s correctional facility, as well as to verify possible correlations between these variables. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in a women’s correctional facility located in Aquiraz, in the state of Ceará, through the use of 3 evaluation instruments: the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, the abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument, and a general information questionnaire. Results: Most of the correctional officers were married or cohabiting, aged between 31 and 40 years old, with complete or partial undergraduate education, and at least 1 child. In the burnout investigation, mean scores were 1.9±1.43, indicating a moderate level of burnout. Regarding quality of life, the environment domain presented the lowest scores (57.34%). We observed a correlation between burnout and quality of life, in which the higher the burnout scores, the lower the quality of life reported by correctional officers. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that correctional officers face a risk of developing burnout, thus affecting their quality of life; therefore, preventive health care measures are required for these professionals.
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Welvers A, Rosenberger KD, Corbridge SJ. Health Literacy Assessment of Detained Individuals and Correctional Officers Within a Large Urban Jail: Optimizing Health Education. J Nurs Care Qual 2021; 36:84-90. [PMID: 32102026 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has been done to address the health literacy level of detained individuals and correctional officers. PURPOSE The aim of this pilot project was to describe the health literacy of individuals detained or working within a large urban jail to inform their health education. METHODS Health literacy assessments were conducted using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-Short Form (REALM-SF) and the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) tools. RESULTS Of the 48 participants, 17% (n = 8) exhibited low health literacy on the REALM-SF, whereas 38% (n = 18) demonstrated the need for improved health literacy when assessed with the NVS. Detained individuals from the women's tiers were more likely to have lower health literacy than the detained veterans or correctional officers. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that tailored health education programming, using evidence-based health literacy improvement techniques, should be offered to the individuals detained or working within a correctional facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia Welvers
- University of Illinois Rockford Regional Campus (Dr Rosenberger); and University of Illinois at Chicago (Dr Corbridge). Dr Welvers is at Ridgefield, Connecticut
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Willemse R. An investigation into the South African correctional officers’ experiences of their work and the Employee Assistance Programme. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0081246320980312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate South African correctional officer’s experiences of their work and Employee Assistance Programme and the meaning that they attach to it. A qualitative approach was utilised. Individual interviews were conducted with 20 participants utilising a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. Seven themes with various subthemes were derived from the data analysis. The findings suggest that correctional officers are confronted with various challenges daily. Officers revealed that their work and work environment had a negative impact on their physical and psychological health as well as their family life. Furthermore, officers reported that aspects of their well-being are neglected. Various coping mechanisms were utilised by correctional officers, which seems to act as a buffer against the negative effects of their stressful work and work environment. A variety of barriers that prevent officers from using the Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) service at work were identified. Despite the barriers, correctional officers recognised the overall positive value of the EAP service in the Department of Correctional Services (DCS). They also appear to find meaning in their work. Some correctional officers derive great satisfaction from their job while others experience a sense of reward as a result of the role that they play in the rehabilitation of inmates.
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Work Engagement among Prison Officers. The Role of Individual and Organizational Factors in the Polish and Indonesian Penitentiary Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218206. [PMID: 33172074 PMCID: PMC7664410 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The literature on work engagement among prison officers (POs) remains rather scarce, and there are no analyses on the factors determining this phenomenon. The current study aimed to examine the relationships between work engagement, subjective well-being, coping strategies, and organizational factors utilizing the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), and Cantril’s Ladder of Health Scale (CLHS), and involving 312 POs from Poland and 467 POs from Indonesia. Results showed a statistically significant relationship between active coping and work engagement in both groups. Subjective well-being was moderately related to work engagement among Polish POs. Mean work engagement and subjective well-being scores were higher among Indonesian POs. The analyses showed a significant indirect effect of subjective well-being for the relationship between penitentiary unit type, active coping, as well as avoidant behaviors and work engagement in the Polish group. Closed prison officers more often declared higher subjective well-being. Work engagement is a complex psychological phenomenon. There exists a justified need for the analyses to consider personal determinants (e.g., coping strategies) as well as organizational factors related to the POs’ work environment. The literature presents a broad picture of the benefits of studying this phenomenon.
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Norman Å, Lundberg U, Farbring CÅ, Källmén H, Forsberg L. The Feasibility and Potential of Training Correctional Officers in Flexible Styles of Communication to Reduce Burnout: A Multiple Baseline Trial in Real-Life Settings. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.16993/sjwop.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Rachiotis G, Syrgani C, Symvoulakis EK, Dadouli K, Papagiannis D, Gourgoulianis KI, Candilis PJ. Burnout and associated factors among Greek substance use disorder treatment providers during economic crisis. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2020; 76:547-553. [PMID: 33153392 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1842311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crisis and austerity in Greece could have influenced the risk of burnout among substance use disorder treatment providers. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among Greek substance use disorder treatment providers during economic crisis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. In particular, employees at the substance use treatment program of Athens (n = 180), a branch of the Greek Organization against Drugs were invited to participate. Almost all participants reported medical supplies shortages related to the economic crisis. Increasing job demands, staff reduction and limited job autonomy were independent risk factors for burnout. These factors are crisis-related. In conclusion, we found high rates of burnout among substance abuse treatment personnel in Greece. These respondents are a bellwether of the effects of economic crisis. Economic crisis can produce a profound negative effect on health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Rachiotis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Cristina Syrgani
- Post Graduate Program Primary Health Care, Medical Faculty, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Emmanouil K Symvoulakis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Philip J Candilis
- Saint Elizabeth's Hospital and George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Psychological Capital, Workload, and Burnout: What’s New? The Impact of Personal Accomplishment to Promote Sustainable Working Conditions. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12198124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Research on burnout has traditionally focused on job demands, with less attention paid to protective factors. From the emerging and innovative area of psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, this study aimed to analyze the relationship that job demands (workload), and personal resources (psychological capital) have with burnout. The sample includes 517 workers from various professional sectors. Results of the structural equation analysis show that (1) psychological capital and workload are related to burnout, and (2) personal accomplishment is more a personal resource than burnout dimension. The results confirm the role of psychological capital as a protective factor for burnout. Finally, the importance of examining the relationship between the components of psychological capital, personal accomplishment, and positive emotions is pointed out due to the importance of organizations promoting the development of psychological strengths and resources to promote well-being and sustainable working conditions.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The work of nurses and correctional officers alike has long been pointed at as among the most stressful in the world. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to evaluate the prevalence and level of occupational burnout among 214 hospital nurses and 201 correctional officers from Bulgaria. One of the focuses was to examine whether gender roles or occupational roles were more related to burnout. METHODS The current work used a descriptive cross-sectional inter-occupational comparative survey design. The participation was voluntary, individually and anonymously without any financial compensation. The only qualification in the sample selection was that the employee had direct contact with patients and inmates respectively. A translated MBI-Bulgarian version was used to measure burnout. Data were entered into SPSS17.0 to carry out data analysis. RESULTS The level of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment of nurses were significantly higher than that of correctional officers. Mean depersonalization score of correctional officers was significantly higher than that of nurses. Correctional officers demonstrated a higher prevalence of burnout syndrome compared with nurses. To examine whether gender is associated with burnout, Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to assess gender differences of correctional officers. Our results suggest that being male or female is not a critical determinant of burnout. CONCLUSION Correctional officers were found to have a higher prevalence of burnout syndrome compared with nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Harizanova
- Department of Hygiene and Eco-medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Stoyanova
- Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Ricciardelli R, Czarnuch S, Carleton RN, Gacek J, Shewmake J. Canadian Public Safety Personnel and Occupational Stressors: How PSP Interpret Stressors on Duty. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134736. [PMID: 32630259 PMCID: PMC7370189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canadian public safety personnel (e.g., correctional workers, firefighters) experience potential stressors as a function of their occupation. Occupational stressors can include organizational (e.g., job context) and operational (e.g., job content) elements. Operational stressors (e.g., exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events) may be inevitable, but opportunities may exist to mitigate other occupational stressors for public safety personnel. Research exploring the diverse forms of stress among public safety personnel remains sparse. In our current qualitative study we provide insights into how public safety personnel interpret occupational stressors. We use a semi-grounded thematic approach to analyze what public safety personnel reported when asked to further comment on occupational stress or their work experiences in two open-ended comment fields of an online survey. We provide a more comprehensive understanding of how public safety personnel experience occupational stress and the stressors that are unique to their occupations. Beyond known operational stressors, our respondents (n = 1238; n = 828) reported substantial difficulties with organizational (interpersonal work relationship dynamics; workload distribution, resources, and administrative obligations) and operational (vigilance, work location, interacting with the public) stressors. Some operational stressors are inevitable, but other occupational stressors can be mitigated to better support our public safety personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Ricciardelli
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +709-864-7446
| | - Stephen Czarnuch
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering/Discipline of Emergency Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada;
| | | | - James Gacek
- Department of Justice Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada;
| | - James Shewmake
- Department of Sociology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada;
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Applying normalization process theory and process mapping to understand implementation of a co-management program for older hip fracture patients in China: a qualitative study. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:92. [PMID: 32562001 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This qualitative study identified the barriers to the implementation of a multidisciplinary co-management program for older hip fracture patients and provided evidence for future intervention improvement and scale-up. INTRODUCTION Multidisciplinary co-management has been recommended as an effective intervention for hip fracture management in older people. This study is a process evaluation of a multidisciplinary co-management program in an orthopaedic hospital in Beijing, China, to better understand the barriers to implementation. METHODS Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with key implementers of the co-management intervention (surgeon, geriatrician, physician, nurse, physiotherapist and anaesthetist) and observations of patients' journey to map the care processes were conducted in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Data were transcribed, qualitatively coded and analysed using normalization process theory to understand the intervention process from four constructs: coherence, cognitive participation, collective action and reflexive monitoring. RESULTS Ten stakeholder interviews were conducted. Despite multidisciplinary co-management intervention was meaningful and valued by participants, barriers to its implementation were identified. These included unmatched investment and benefit (cognitive participation), challenges of facing increased workload (collective action), deficient training and supervision system (collective action), limited accommodating capacity of hospital (collective action) and difficulties in accessing information about the effect of the intervention (reflexive monitoring). CONCLUSIONS Multiple barriers to the effective implementation of the multidisciplinary co-management program in China were identified. The process evaluation highlights key aspects in less willingness to fully invest in the program, inappropriate workload allocation and lack of training and supervision which need to be addressed before scaling up.
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Andersson C, Vasiljevic Z, Höglund P, Öjehagen A, Berglund M. Daily Automated Telephone Assessment and Intervention Improved 1-Month Outcome in Paroled Offenders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2020; 64:735-752. [PMID: 24626145 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x14526800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This randomized trial evaluates whether automated telephony could be used to perform daily assessments in paroled offenders (N = 108) during their first 30 days after leaving prison. All subjects were called daily and answered assessment questions. Based on the content of their daily assessments, subjects in the intervention group received immediate feedback and a recommendation by automated telephony, and their probation officers also received a daily report by email. The outcome variables were analyzed using linear mixed models. The intervention group showed greater improvement than the control group in the summary scores (M = 9.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.5, 18.7], p = .038), in mental symptoms (M = 4.6, CI = [0.2, 9.0], p = .042), in alcohol drinking (M = 0.8, CI = [0.1, 1.4], p = .031), in drug use (M = 1.0, CI = [0.5, 1.6], p = .000), and in most stressful daily event (M = 1.9, CI = [1.1, 2.7], p = .000). In conclusion, automated telephony may be used to follow up and to give interventions, resulting in reduced stress and drug use, in paroled offenders.
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Associated Factors of Quality of Life in Prison Officers, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103508. [PMID: 32429589 PMCID: PMC7277174 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed factors associated with the quality of life (QoL) of prison officers (POs) in the Midwest Region of Brazil. POs in five penitentiary units participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data were obtained through face to face interview and a World Health Organization Quality of Life abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was applied to assess QoL. Student's t-test or ANOVA were used for bivariate analysis and multiple linear regression was applied for adjusted analysis. The domains used for outcomes were: physical, psychological, social relations, and the environment. The lowest score among WHOQOL-BREF domains was environment (59.9; 95%CI 58.0-61.5). After adjustment, the factors associated with the physical domain were 'female sex' and 'no history of workplace PO-PO violence'; factors associated with the psychological domain were 'female sex', 'without spouse', and 'no history of inmate-PO violence'; factors associated with the social relationships domain were 'female sex', 'work experience in years', 'no higher education', 'no private health insurance', and 'no history of inmate-PO violence'; and factors associated with environment domain were 'female sex', 'work experience in years', 'no private health insurance', and 'no history of PO-PO violence'. This study showed that female workers and those with a history of violence at work had worse QoL scores. This investigation highlights the importance of prison management in promoting QoL of POs, as well as support and development of strategies to prevent workplace violence.
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Abstract
The emotionality of prison research has received much justified attention in recent years. However, this aspect of undertaking qualitative research is often not considered by early career researchers until they are confronted with the impact of both researching emotionally laden subjects and employing their emotional agency as the researcher. Emerging from this, the authors argue for the development of a methodology that conceives researchers as emotional agents. This methodology incorporates harnessing emotional experiences as a tool for data collection. In this way, researchers are encouraged and trained to shift from passive to active emotional agents. Thus, far from inhibiting the research, the inherent emotionality of conducting research enhances its rigour, integrity and validity. Emotionality is intrinsic to conducting research in the prison milieu. As such, it warrants constructive employment and integration into existing research methodologies. This article draws on the authors’ respective experiences conducting mixed methods research in prison settings. The authors’ research methodologies incorporated emotional reflexivity as a core constituent throughout their data collection, analysis and the writing of their doctoral studies. The argument will be illustrated by detailing experiences of emotional charge during the fieldwork. To reflect this, the authors advocate for the emergence of an integrative methodology. The development of such a methodology would be of value to prison researchers but particularly to novice and/or doctoral researchers. Furthermore, it would be similarly applicable to researchers throughout the field of criminal justice and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Garrihy
- Department of Law, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Aoife Watters
- School of of Business and Humanities, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
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