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Haddad MR, Sarti FM. Determinants of Inequalities in the Exposure to and Adoption of Multiple Health Risk Behaviors among Brazilian Adolescents, 2009-2019. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2029-2046. [PMID: 39056650 PMCID: PMC11275622 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14070135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of multiple risk behaviors among adolescents imposes challenges in the context of public policies of health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence on the conditions leading to the exposure to and adoption of multiple risk behaviors allows the identification of vulnerable groups of adolescents, and may support the proposition of targeted strategies directed to individuals at risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis to identify recent trends in the exposure to and adoption of multiple health risk behaviors among Brazilian adolescents, highlighting individual-, household-, and school-level characteristics linked to inequalities among social groups. The analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE), conducted by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics in 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019. The trends in the occurrence of multiple risk behaviors among adolescents were estimated according to social strata, allowing the calculation of concentration indexes and their disaggregation into major determinants of inequalities in the exposure and adoption of risk behaviors. The analyses were conducted using a complex survey design to allow representativeness at the population level. The results showed a rise in the incidence of multiple risk behaviors among youngsters in Brazil from 2009 to 2019. Factors influencing inequalities in the exposure to multiple risk behaviors were socioeconomic status and the characteristics of the household and school environments, whilst the adoption of multiple risk behaviors was also influenced by early exposure to multiple risk behaviors. Furthermore, trends in inequalities in the exposure to and adoption of multiple risk behaviors showed an intensification from 2009 to 2019, being initially concentrated among wealthier adolescents, followed by a transition to higher incidence in the lower socioeconomic strata in 2012 and 2015, respectively. The findings underscore the role of support systems for adolescents at risk within the familial and school contexts, whereas strategies of public policies of health based on the strengthening of community ties may require improvements to tackle socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of risk behaviors among youngsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rebello Haddad
- Biomedical Center, Department of Integrated Education in Health, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-185, ES, Brazil
| | - Flavia Mori Sarti
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 03828-000, SP, Brazil;
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Yu L, Li LMW, Tong X. Understanding the link between theory of mind and loneliness among primary school students: A cross-lagged panel model analysis. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105891. [PMID: 38442684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between theory of mind (ToM) and loneliness as well as the potential moderating effects of parenting style on this association. A total of 689 Chinese third-grade students (341 girls and 348 boys; Mage = 9.23 years, SD = 0.66) were recruited from eight primary schools and were followed from Grade 3 to Grade 5. These students reported their primary caregivers' parenting style in third grade and completed the same ToM task and loneliness questionnaire at each time point from Grade 3 to Grade 5. The study's results indicated a bidirectional relationship between ToM and loneliness, implying that children with less developed ToM abilities tend to feel lonelier and, conversely, that higher levels of loneliness are associated with lower ToM skills. Moreover, the study demonstrated that parenting style influenced the association between ToM and loneliness. Specifically, the impact of ToM at Grade 3 on reducing loneliness at Grade 4 was greater among children who experienced high levels of rejection from their caregivers compared with those with low levels of rejection. In addition, this study found that loneliness at Grade 3 had a greater influence on ToM at Grade 5 for children experiencing low levels of emotional warmth from their caregivers than for those who experienced high levels of emotional warmth. These findings highlight the significance of ToM as both a precursor and consequence of children's loneliness and emphasize the variation in these longitudinal relationships based on the parenting styles of primary caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Liman Man Wai Li
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Koumantakis E, Comoretto RI, Dalmasso P, Bersia M, Lemma P, Lazzeri G, Nardone P, Vieno A, Galeotti T, Berchialla P, Charrier L. Risk Behaviors among Migrant Adolescents in Italy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1816. [PMID: 38002907 PMCID: PMC10670227 DOI: 10.3390/children10111816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for engaging in health risk behaviors. Migrant adolescents may face unique challenges due to acculturation stress. This study aims to monitor substance use and problem gambling among migrant adolescents living in Italy. Data from the 2017/18 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey in Italy were analyzed. The 18,794 participants included 15-year-olds, categorized as native or migrants, with ethnic backgrounds from Western, Eastern European, or non-Western/non-European countries. Girls had higher smoking rates, while boys exhibited higher prevalence of alcohol-related risk behaviors, cannabis use, and gambling. Boys from Eastern European countries displayed a greater risk of drunkenness (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.06-2.37), particularly in the first generation, while those from Western countries showed a higher risk of multiple substance use (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05-1.96). Girls from Eastern European and non-Western/non-European countries had a lower risk of alcohol consumption (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.85; OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.91, respectively). Finally, boys, especially those from Eastern European and non-Western/non-European countries, had a significantly higher risk of problem gambling (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04-3.22; OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29-3.42, respectively). This disparity was more pronounced in the first generation, possibly due to acculturation challenges and socio-economic factors. Risk behaviors in adolescents are influenced by complex interplays of gender, cultural factors, and migration generation. Preventive strategies should consider these factors to effectively address substance use and gambling in this heterogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Koumantakis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Dalmasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Bersia
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Post Graduate School of Medical Statistics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lemma
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lazzeri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Galeotti
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
| | - Lorena Charrier
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Canabarro APF, Eriksson M, Nielsen A, Zeebari Z, Salazar M. Cognitive social capital as a health-enabling factor for STI testing among young men in Stockholm, Sweden: A cross-sectional population-based study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20812. [PMID: 37876418 PMCID: PMC10590937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess whether different forms of cognitive social capital increased the relative probability of testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young men living in Stockholm, Sweden. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 with men aged 20-29 years living in Stockholm County, Sweden (n = 523). The main outcome was STI testing patterns (never tested, tested only within a12-monthperiod, tested only beyond a12-monthperiod, repeatedly tested). The main exposure were two forms of cognitive social capital: social support (having received help, having someone to share inner feelings with) and institutionalized trust (in school, healthcare, media). Data were analyzed using weighted multivariable multinomial logistic regression to obtain adjusted weighted relative probability ratio (aRPR). Results After adjusting for confounding factors, receiving help (aRPR: 5.2, 95% CI: 1.7-16.2) and having someone to share inner feelings with (aRPR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2-7.7) increased the relative probabilities of young men testing for STIs, but only for those testing beyond a 12-month period. Trust in media increased the relative probability of STI testing for those testing only within a 12-month period (aRPR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1-6.1) and for those testing repeatedly (aRPR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.5-8.8). Conclusion Young men in Stockholm County exhibit distinct STI testing patterns. Social support and trust in media were factors that increased the probability of being tested for STIs, with this effect varying according to the young men's STI testing pattern. Further studies are required to explore how trust in media might promote STI testing in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Finatto Canabarro
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18a, Widerströmska Huset, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Eriksson
- Department of Social Work, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Nielsen
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18a, Widerströmska Huset, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zangin Zeebari
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18a, Widerströmska Huset, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, Gjuterigatan 5, 553 18, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mariano Salazar
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18a, Widerströmska Huset, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kiani MM, Takian A, Farzadfar F, Rezaei S, Zandian H. The Relationships between Social Capital, Metabolic, and Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 52:1803-1817. [PMID: 38033831 PMCID: PMC10682582 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Contextual risk factors such as social capital have a vital role in affecting behavioral and biological risk factors of NCDs. We aimed to systematically identify the relationship between different aspects of social capital (SC) with metabolic, and behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods This is a systematic review. The period of study was 2000-2021. We searched the English international databases, i.e. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that reported NCDs' metabolic and behavioral risk factors as independent variables, were excluded. We also included studies if they analyzed the association between SC and metabolic and behavioral risk factors of NCDs. Results After the primary and quality appraisal process, 97 studies were entered in the final phase of the analysis. Five out of 18 studies reported an inverse association between SC and the level of alcohol drinking. Twenty-seven out of 32 studies reported a significant inverse association between SC and smoking and tobacco use, while only one study reported a significant positive association. Nine studies reported a significant inverse association between SC and high blood pressure. Three studies showed a significant inverse association between SC and diabetes. Seventeen studies indicated a significant positive association between SC and physical activity. Thirteen out of 17 studies reported a significant inverse association between SC, body mass index (BMI) and overweight. Conclusion High SC, people's participation and interaction are vital in tackling NCDs. Evidence shows positive effects of SC on prevention, control and improvement of NCDs' metabolic and behavioral risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Kiani
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Takian
- Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Global Health and Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Zandian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Blakeslee JE, Kothari BH, Miller RA. Intervention development to improve foster youth mental health by targeting coping self-efficacy and help-seeking. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 144:106753. [PMID: 36712385 PMCID: PMC9879089 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study articulates the iterative development of an intervention called Strengthening Youth Networks and Coping (SYNC), which is designed to target coping self-efficacy and help-seeking intentions and behaviors among youth in foster care. The overarching goal is to design an intervention that will be a feasible and acceptable enhancement to existing child welfare services, and that will address modifiable determinants among adolescents involved in child welfare system that are related to elevated risk for mental health challenges, limited support network capacity, and service disengagement after exiting foster care. In this paper, we describe our initial needs assessment, explain how we selected proximal intervention mechanisms (i.e., intermediate outcomes) to target, and outline the preliminary intervention development process, including ongoing insights we received from a research advisory group including members with lived experience. Next, we report and discuss the initial acceptability pre-testing data collected from youth (N = 30) as well as feasibility data collected from providers (N = 82), results from which were used to refine the SYNC intervention framework prior to robust efficacy testing. Findings highlight the need and importance of targeting youth coping and help-seeking, integrating programming within existing transition services, delivering this content in a group-based format that includes near-peer mentors and facilitators with lived experience, and developing options that work for the heterogeneous population of young people in foster care. The results also highlight the key objective of capturing youth's interests prior to enrolling in the program (e.g., language used in recruitment materials), holding their interest throughout the program (e.g., creating opportunities for youth to engage with other youth with similar experiences), and suggestions to encourage youth's engagement and participation. This paper articulates the value of this intervention development approach, and the sequential phases of this intervention development process as well as the results, which may be useful to applied researchers and practitioners working with youth in foster care and other priority populations.
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van Damme EC, Naudé L. Behavioural and psychological control during adolescence: An ecological systems perspective. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2022.2121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luzelle Naudé
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Ahlborg MG, Nyholm M, Nygren JM, Svedberg P. Current Conceptualization and Operationalization of Adolescents' Social Capital: A Systematic Review of Self-Reported Instruments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15596. [PMID: 36497690 PMCID: PMC9737281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a great heterogeneity in the conceptualization and operationalization of social capital in empirical research targeting adolescents. There has not yet been an attempt to systematically map and psychometrically evaluate the existing instruments for measuring social capital that have been developed and validated for adolescent samples. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the design and psychometric properties of self-reported instruments for social capital, specifically developed and validated for use among adolescents. The design of this study was a systematic review guided by the COSMIN methodology for systematic reviews of Patient Reported Outcome Measures. The search included six electronic databases and no time frame was applied. Twenty studies were identified as describing the development and validation of a social capital instrument for adolescent samples. The results reveal common denominators, but also great variation in the design and validation of the instruments. Adolescents were only involved in the development procedures of four instruments. There is a lack of social capital instruments that cover both the multidimensionality of social capital and contextual relevance in relation to adolescents. Careful examination of instruments should thus precede a decision when designing studies and further instrument development involving the target group is encouraged.
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Lichenstein SD, Shaw DS, Forbes EE. Cannabis, connectivity, and coming of age: Associations between cannabis use and anterior cingulate cortex connectivity during the transition to adulthood. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:951204. [PMID: 36438638 PMCID: PMC9692120 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.951204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use is common among adolescents and emerging adults and is associated with significant adverse consequences for a subset of users. Rates of use peak between the ages of 18-25, yet the neurobiological consequences for neural systems that are actively developing during this time remain poorly understood. In particular, cannabis exposure may interfere with adaptive development of white matter pathways underlying connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex, including the cingulum and anterior thalamic radiations (ATR). The current study examined the association between cannabis use during adolescence and emerging adulthood and white matter microstructure of the cingulum and ATR among 158 male subjects enrolled in the Pitt Mother and Child Project, a prospective, longitudinal study of risk and resilience among men of low socioeconomic status. Participants were recruited in infancy, completed follow-up assessments throughout childhood and adolescence, and underwent diffusion imaging at ages 20 and 22. At age 20, moderate cannabis use across adolescence (age 12-19) was associated with higher fractional anisotropy (FA) of the cingulum and ATR, relative to both minimal and heavy adolescent use. Longitudinally, moderate and heavy extended cannabis use (age 12-21) was associated with reduced positive change in FA in the cingulum from age 20 to 22, relative to minimal use. These longitudinal results suggest that cannabis exposure may delay cingulum maturation during the transition to adulthood and potentially impact individuals' functioning later in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Lichenstein
- Yale Imaging and Psychopharmacology (YIP) Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Pitt Parents and Children Laboratory (PPCL), Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Affective Neuroscience and Developmental Psychopathology (ANDP) Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Carrillo-Alvarez E, Andrés A, Riera-Romaní J, Novak D, Rodriguez-Monforte M, Costa-Tutusaus L, Guerra-Balic M. The association between social capital indicators and psychological distress in Catalan adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:964689. [PMID: 36059788 PMCID: PMC9428606 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.964689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, globally, one in seven adolescents experiences a mental disorder, being in a detrimental situation toward educational achievement, social cohesion, future health and life chances. Calls to identify risk and resilience factors to develop effective preventive actions have been made. Following a systemic approach, we conducted a cross-sectional study on the relationship between social capital and psychological distress in a sample of Catalan adolescents in Barcelona, taking into account a range of other relevant aspects at different levels influencing mental health, including gender, age, migrant status, family background, lifestyle factors, body mass index, and self-rated health. Data were collected through validated questionnaires in December 2016 from 646 of 14- to 18-year-old adolescents from three public and private high schools in Barcelona (Spain). Data analysis included descriptive analysis, a correlational study and logistic regression to obtain the odds ratio for social capital indicators to be associated with psychological distress. Our results suggest that reporting higher levels of family support and higher levels of teacher-student trust reduce the likelihood of suffering psychological distress. Higher levels of neighborhood informal control were associated with mental health, but a possible detrimental effect cannot be ruled out. Being a girl, reporting low self-rated health or higher media use was also associated with higher likelihood of psychological distress. Current results may encourage interventions that focus on social capital as a means to reduce psychological distress and foster well-being in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carrillo-Alvarez
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Elena Carrillo-Alvarez,
| | - Ana Andrés
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Riera-Romaní
- Research Group on Pedagogy, Society and Innovation (PSITIC), Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Míriam Rodriguez-Monforte
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Costa-Tutusaus
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Research Group on Health, Physical Activity and Sport (SAFE), Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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Scoppetta O, Avendaño BL, Cassiani C. Factors Associated with the Consumption of Illicit Drugs: a Review of Reviews. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Ballestar-Tarín ML, Ibáñez-del-Valle V, Cauli O, Navarro-Martínez R. Personal and Social Consequences of Psychotropic Substance Use: A Population-Based Internet Survey. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:65. [PMID: 35056373 PMCID: PMC8777796 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Drug abuse has become a major worldwide health concern among all age groups. The present study analyses substance misuse and its social and personal consequences using a population-based internet survey in Spain. Materials and Methods: Screening for drug abuse (of alcohol, marijuana/hashish and psychostimulants) and its related risks and problems was performed using the Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) score. Socio-demographic factors, depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms as well as health habits were also evaluated. We used Linear regression methods to compare each variable's individual contribution so as to determine which one best explains the results. Results: In this population-based study, 1224 people completed and returned the online survey. Of all participants, 57% reported consuming at least one substance based on the CRAFFT scale. While increasing age reduces the probability of personal and social consequences of consumption, people who smoke receive up to three times more (OR = 3.370) recommendations from family and friends to reduce their consumption. As for the type of substance, the consumption of marijuana increases the risk of forgetting (OR = 2.33) and the consumption of other psychostimulant substances almost triples the risk of consuming alone (OR = 2.965). Combining substances can increase the rate of driving a vehicle after consumption by 3.4 times. Conclusions: Although age, smoking and the type of substances used increase the risk of suffering from social and personal consequences of the use or abuse of substances, future studies are needed to determine the influence of new variables as a potential tool for treating and minimizing the adverse consequences of drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ballestar-Tarín
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
| | - Vanessa Ibáñez-del-Valle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rut Navarro-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.L.B.-T.); (V.I.-d.-V.); (R.N.-M.)
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among university students from 24 countries. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 43:857-866. [PMID: 34918087 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the increase. The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of multiple behavioural risk factors of NCDs among university students from 24 countries. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the sample included 18 017 university students from countries in Africa, the Americas and Asia. RESULTS indicate that prevalence of single behavioural NCD risk indicators were 38.2% for physical inactivity, 80.5% for inadequate fruit and vegetables intake, 23.1% for having overweight/obesity, 10.5% for heavy alcohol use and 11.8% for current tobacco use. Students had on average 1.6 (SD = 0.9), and 15.9% had three or more behavioural NCD risk factors. In adjusted linear regression, male sex was positively and stronger beliefs in health benefits were negatively associated with multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered. Several behavioural NCD risk factors, such as male sex and low health behaviour benefits beliefs, were found that could be utilized in targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho street, Tan Phong ward, District, 7 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho street, Tan Phong ward, District, 7 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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14
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Nakagomi A, Shiba K, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Can social capital moderate the impact of widowhood on depressive symptoms? A fixed-effects longitudinal analysis. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1811-1820. [PMID: 32687396 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1793296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Widowhood is associated with increased risks of depression in the surviving spouse. We examined whether an increase in individual-level social capital mitigates the adverse impact of widowhood on depressive symptoms. METHODS We used data from the 2013/2016 waves of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study of functionally independent adults aged 65 years or older (men: n = 20,853; women: n =16,858). Fixed-effects regression was applied to examine the potential buffering effects of changes in social capital on changes in depressive symptoms following widowhood among married people living with their spouse and/or others at baseline. RESULTS Widowhood had a deleterious impact on depressive symptoms particularly among men who ended up living alone following their spouse's death. Fixed-effects models revealed that an increase in informal socializing and social participation might buffer the effects of spousal bereavement on depressive symptoms among men who became widowed during the first two years of follow-up and ended up living alone. DISCUSSION An increase in structural social capital may mitigate the impact of spousal bereavement on depressive symptoms. However, the associations vary by gender, living arrangement, and time since widowhood. Intensive efforts should be directed toward connecting the vulnerable group, widowed men living alone, to sources of social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakagomi
- Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Yu B, Luo M, Liu M, Zhou J, Yang S, Jia P. Social Capital Changes After COVID-19 Lockdown Among Youths in China: COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS). Front Public Health 2021; 9:697068. [PMID: 34485227 PMCID: PMC8415347 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.697068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Social capital, the effective functioning of social groups through networks of relationships, can affect mental health and may be affected by COVID-19. We aimed to examine the changes in social capital before and after the COVID-19 lockdown among the Chinese youth. Methods: A national convenience sample of 10,540 high school, undergraduate, and graduate students, from the COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS), reported their demographic and social capital information before and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Social capital was retrospectively measured at four levels: individual (ISC), family (FSC), community (CSC), and society (SSC). The changes of social capital were also compared across three educational levels. Results: Overall, ISC and CSC scores generally decreased after lockdown (15.1 to 14.8 and 13.4 to 13.1, respectively), while FSC and SSC scores increased significantly (12.7 to 13.0 and 7.1 to 7.2, respectively). At the individual level, most participants showed a constant perceived social capital; more of the remaining participants showed decreased than increased ISC (30.5% vs. 17.0%) and CSC scores (28.4% vs. 19.1%), while more participants showed increased than decreased FSC (21.7% vs. 9.2%) and SSC scores (10.3% vs. 3.9%). Heterogeneities in social capital changes existed across educational levels. Conclusions: Our findings would provide health professionals and policy-makers solid evidence on the changes in social capital of youths after lockdowns, and therefore help the design of future interventions to rebuild or improve their social capital after epidemics/disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Hong Kong, China
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Neighborhood Income Inequality and Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Boston, Massachusetts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168484. [PMID: 34444243 PMCID: PMC8391567 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has indicated that area-level income inequality is associated with increased risk in alcohol consumption. However, few studies have been conducted among adolescents living within smaller area units, such as neighborhoods. We investigated whether neighborhood income inequality is associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from a sample of 1878 adolescents living in 38 neighborhoods participating in the 2008 Boston Youth Survey. Multilevel logistic regression modeling was used to determine the role of neighborhood income inequality and the odds for alcohol consumption and to determine if social cohesion and depressive symptoms were mediators. RESULTS In comparison to the first tertile of income inequality, or the most equal neighborhood, adolescent participants living in the second tertile (AOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.61) and third tertile (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.96) were more likely to have consumed alcohol in the last 30 days. Social cohesion and depressive symptoms were not observed to mediate this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that the distribution of incomes within urban areas may be related to alcohol consumption among adolescents. To prevent alcohol consumption, public health practitioners should prioritize prevention efforts for adolescents living in neighborhoods with large gaps between rich and poor.
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Morgan A, Svedberg P, Nyholm M, Nygren J. Advancing knowledge on social capital for young people's mental health. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:535-547. [PMID: 32810228 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inequalities in young people's mental health have been documented according to social class but less is known about determinants that can buffer or mediate the relationship. Social capital has the potential to contribute to alleviating observed health inequalities. However, clarity about how it can be understood and measured in relation to mental health among younger populations remains inconsistent. This scoping review examined published literature to investigate how social capital has been researched for young people's mental health. An established framework was used to guide the methodology. Studies were included: on age (10-19 years); publication year (since 2000); language (English). Only studies using social capital as a central theme were included. No restriction was placed on mental health outcomes. Nine bibliographic databases were interrogated. Articles (1541) were screened, 793 retained for analysis and 73 articles were included. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe. Twenty per cent provided insights into how social capital should be described in relation to young people. A majority of the studies provided links between varying social capital indicators and a range of mental health outcomes (70%), however such evidence was associational. Only few studies inferred the causal direction between social capital and health (10%) and there were no dedicated studies on measurement. Findings suggest that literature on social capital and young people's mental health has grown but continues to be variously described and measured. It requires better utilization of existing knowledge and new research to improve its application in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Morgan
- Yunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Petra Svedberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Maria Nyholm
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jens Nygren
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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18
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Multiple behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adolescents in four Caribbean countries: prevalence and correlates. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2021; 33:305-312. [PMID: 34142510 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of behavioural risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in four Caribbean countries. CONTENT In all 9,143 adolescents (15 years = median age) participated in the cross-sectional "2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica, and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)". Eight behavioural risk factors of NCDs were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. SUMMARY Prevalence of each behavioural NCD risk factor was physical inactivity (84.2%), inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (82.2%), leisure-time sedentary behaviour (49.6%), daily ≥2 soft drinks intake (46.8%), ever drunk (28.6%), twice or more days a week fast food consumption (27.6%), having overweight/obesity (27.4%), and current tobacco use (13.8%). Students had on average 3.6 (SD=1.4), and 79.0% had 3-8 behavioural NCD risk factors. In multivariable linear regression, psychological distress and older age increased the odds, and attending school and parental support decreased the odds of multiple behavioural NCD risk factors. OUTLOOK A high prevalence and co-occurrence of behavioural risk factors of NCDs was discovered and several factors independently contributing to multiple behavioural NCD risk factors were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Burgess ER, Walter N, Ball-Rokeach SJ, Murphy ST. Communication Hotspots: How Infrastructure Shapes People's Health. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 36:361-371. [PMID: 31760807 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1692490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Informed by communication infrastructure theory (CIT) and the social capital approach to health, this study focused on the role played by communication hotspots: physical places in a community (e.g., parks, churches, or restaurants) where health information is shared between network actors. By analyzing survey data that included information about communication infrastructure, frequency of health conversations, as well as the size and diversity of respondents' social networks, this study illustrates how communication hotspots may reduce perceived barriers to healthcare among Latinas in the greater Los Angeles area (N = 780). The results suggest that communication hotspots can influence people's health by facilitating information-sharing activities. In addition, communication hotspots may reduce perceived barriers to healthcare by bringing together diverse network actors. We conclude by considering future health interventions and policy planning to leverage and enhance community members' interactions at communication hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra J Ball-Rokeach
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
| | - Sheila T Murphy
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
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20
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Pahl K, Capasso A, Lekas HM, Lee JY, Winters J, Pérez-Figueroa RE. Longitudinal predictors of male sexual partner risk among Black and Latina women in their late thirties: ethnic/racial identity commitment as a protective factor. J Behav Med 2020; 44:202-211. [PMID: 32965619 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate predictors of male sexual partner risk among Latinas and Black women in their late thirties. We used multiple regression analysis to examine factors associated with male sexual partner risk among 296 women who participated in two waves of the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study (New York, 2011-2013 and 2014-2016). Women who experienced childhood sexual abuse had higher risk partners than those who did not [b = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.06, 0.28]. Earlier marijuana use was a risk factor for partner risk in the late thirties (b = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.27). Higher levels of ethnic/racial identity commitment mitigated this risk (b = - 0.15, 95% CI = - 0.26, - 0.04). Ethnic/racial identity commitment can be protective against male sexual partner risk among Latina and Black women who use marijuana. Further research should explore the protective role of different dimensions of ethnic/racial identity against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Pahl
- Division of Social Solutions and Services Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 1 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ariadna Capasso
- NYU School of Global Public Health, New York University, 715/719 Broadway, 12th Floor, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Helen-Maria Lekas
- Division of Social Solutions and Services Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Jung Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 1 Park Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, 3th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jewel Winters
- NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 301 E. 17th Street, Room 213, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Rafael E Pérez-Figueroa
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Bowman Hall Room 356, 151 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
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21
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Yang Y, Wang S, Chen L, Luo M, Xue L, Cui D, Mao Z. Socioeconomic status, social capital, health risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:291. [PMID: 32859207 PMCID: PMC7456043 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited knowledge on the mediating role of different health risk behavior on the relationship between social capital, socioeconomic status (SES), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese older adults. We conducted this study to (a) investigate the condition of health risk behaviors of the Chinese elderly, and (b) assess the relationship between SES, social capital, health risk behaviors, and HRQoL. Methods A sample of 4868 adults aged 60 years and older were included in this study, from the China’s Health-related Quality of Life Survey for Older Adults 2018. Participants’ demographic characteristics, SES (education level, family income), health risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder) were collected. Social capital and HRQoL were assessed by the 16-item Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS-16) and WHOQOL-Old, respectively. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the associations between variables. Results The proportion of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder were 32.1, 36.3, 62.5, 45.7, 31.8, and 45.5%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in education level, family income, and social capital between elderly individuals with and without each of the six health risk behavior (all p-values < 0.05). Elderly individuals who reported smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder had significantly lower HRQoL than those without these unhealthy behaviors (all p-values < 0.05). SEM analysis showed that SES and social capital positively associated with alcohol consumption. Social capital negatively associated with smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder. SES negatively associated with smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder. Smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder correlated with poorer HRQoL. Conclusions Chinese older adults demonstrated a high incidence of health risk behaviors, especially for physical inactivity (62.5%) and unhealthy dietary behavior (45.7%). Social capital and SES were correlated with the elderly’s HRQoL, as well as with the health risk behaviors. Health risk behaviors played potential mediating role on the relationship between social capital, SES, and HRQoL in Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.,School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mi Luo
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lina Xue
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Zongfu Mao
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Scoppetta O, Avendaño Prieto BL, Cassiani Miranda C. Individual Factors Associated with the Consumption of Illicit Substances: a Review of Reviews. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2020; 51:S0034-7450(20)30030-5. [PMID: 33735052 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to national studies, the use of illicit drugs is growing in Colombia. With this, the prevalence of substance use disorders and the set of health effects related to this practice also increases. Knowledge of the factors associated with the use of illicit drugs is necessary to guide the comprehensive care of the phenomenon. METHODS This is a systematic review of reviews on factors associated with the consumption of illicit drugs with seven databases and evaluation of the quality of the manuscripts according to AMSTAR. RESULTS Information was extracted from 38 reviews on individual factors associated with the use of illicit drugs. Demographic factors are associated with consumption through other factors. There is evidence of the association between mental and behavioural disorders and personality disorders. CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of consumption of illicit substances and disorders due to their use is affected by a set of personal factors including sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, sexual behaviour, legal drug use, age of onset and risk perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Scoppetta
- Psicólogo. Magister en Estudios de Población. Universidad Católica de Colombia. Avenida Caracas No. 46-22, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Banstola RS, Ogino T, Inoue S. Self-esteem, perceived social support, social capital, and risk-behavior among urban high school adolescents in Nepal. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100570. [PMID: 32258358 PMCID: PMC7115101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is not only characterized by a period of exploration and experimentation but also by vulnerability to risk-behaviors (substance-use, suicidal behavior, and sexual behavior) that can have many negative consequences. Given the lack of studies in Nepal and the variable results from international studies on the association of self-esteem, perceived social support (PSS), and social capital (SC) with risk behaviors, this study aimed to assess the role of these factors by specifying different sources of PSS (family, friends, and others) and SC (family, school, and neighbors), and controlling for demographic, socioeconomic-status (SES), family, and school related factors. A total of 943 adolescents (grades 9-11) in 8 schools from 3 provinces in Nepal participated in the study, and were selected by multi-stage, cluster, random sampling. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire (response rate; 91.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis (<0.05 significance) revealed that family SC (OR = 0.83) and PSS from family (OR = 0.95) were negatively associated with substance-use. Self-esteem (OR = 0.90), family and school SC (OR = 0.80 and 0.91, respectively), and PSS from family and friends (OR = 0.95 and 0.96, respectively) were protective against suicidal risk. None of the independent variables showed a preventive association with sexual behavior, but self-esteem was positively associated (OR = 1.11). Therefore, to improve the likelihood of adolescents becoming healthy adults, family and school level interventions to enhance self-esteem, PSS, and SC are helpful in protecting them against substance use and suicidal behavior. On the other hand, adolescents with high self-esteem are at greater risk for inappropriate sexual behavior and should therefore be monitored.
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Coleman‐Minahan K, Jean Stevenson A, Obront E, Hays S. Adolescents Obtaining Abortion Without Parental Consent: Their Reasons and Experiences of Social Support. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2020; 52:15-22. [PMID: 32115875 PMCID: PMC7155056 DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Most states require adolescents younger than 18 to involve a parent prior to obtaining an abortion, yet little is known about adolescents' reasons for choosing abortion or the social support received by those who seek judicial bypass of parental consent for abortion. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 individuals aged 16-19 who sought judicial bypass in Texas between 2015 and 2016 to explore why they chose to get an abortion, who they involved in their decision and what their experiences of social support were. Data were analyzed thematically using stigma and social support theories. RESULTS Participants researched their pregnancy options and involved others in their decisions. They chose abortion because parenting would limit their futures, and they believed they could not provide a child with all of her or his needs. Anticipated stigma motivated participants to keep their decision private, although they desired emotional and material support. Not all male partners agreed with adolescents' decisions to seek an abortion, and agreement by some males did not guarantee emotional or material support; some young women described their partners' giving them the "freedom" to make the decision as avoiding responsibility. After a disclosure of their abortion decision, some participants experienced enacted stigma, including shame and emotional abuse. CONCLUSIONS Abortion stigma influences adolescents' disclosure of their abortion decisions and limits their social support. Fears of disclosing their pregnancies and abortion decisions are justified, and policymakers should consider how laws requiring parental notification may harm adolescents. Further research is needed on adolescents' experiences with abortion stigma.
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Webel AR, Smith C, Perazzo J, Phillips JC, Battashi HA, Dawson-Rose C. The Relationships Among Social Capital, HIV Self-Management, and Substance Use in Women. West J Nurs Res 2020; 42:4-13. [PMID: 31007156 PMCID: PMC6803018 DOI: 10.1177/0193945919842874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Women living with HIV (WLHIV) face unique challenges to successfully self-manage HIV including substance use and limited social capital. We conducted a 6-month mixed-methods study to describe how social capital influences HIV self-management and substance use among WLHIV. Participants completed a self-report survey and in-depth interview at baseline, and 3 and 6 months. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine quantitative relationships. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative description. Current substance users reported lower social capital compared with past substance users (2.63 vs. 2.80; p = .34). Over time, substance use and social capital were associated with HIV self-management (Wald χ2 = 28.43; p < .001). Qualitative data suggest that HIV self-management is influenced by overlapping experiences with social capital, including influential trust, community, and value of self can be complicated by ongoing substance use. Social capital can facilitate improved HIV self-management; however, substance use and trauma can weaken this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Webel
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carolyn Smith
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Hamed Al Battashi
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Carol Dawson-Rose
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Behavioral Risk Factors Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among A Nationally Representative Sample Of School-Going Adolescents In Indonesia. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:387-394. [PMID: 31802930 PMCID: PMC6826193 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s226633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of behavioral non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors among adolescents in Indonesia. Methods Cross-sectional national data were analyzed from 11,124 in-school adolescents (mean age 14.0 years) of the Indonesia Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2015. Seven behavioral NCD risk factors (substance use, dietary behavior, overweight or obesity, low physical activity, and sedentary behavior) were assessed by questionnaire in a classroom setting. Results The prevalence of low physical activity was 87.8%, insufficient fruit and vegetable intake 76.8%, having soft drinks daily 27.9%, leisure-time sedentary behavior 27.3%, overweight or obesity 15.8%, current tobacco use 12.8%, and alcohol use 4.4%. From the seven behavioral NCD risk factors, the mean was 2.5 (SD=1.0), and almost half (46.5%) had at least three risk factors. In adjusted linear regression analysis, being a boy, increasing age and psychological distress increased the odds and hunger or food insecurity and parental support decreased the odds for having behavioral risk factors. Conclusion A high co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors was identified. Several risk factors (older age, boys, distress, and poor parental support) were identified that can be targeted in intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand.,Research and Innovation Office, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Research and Innovation Office, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Noguchi T, Kondo K, Saito M, Nakagawa-Senda H, Suzuki S. Community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older adults in Japan: a multilevel longitudinal study using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) data. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029279. [PMID: 31597648 PMCID: PMC6797418 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the association between community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older Japanese people by using validated indicators of social capital and a prospective multilevel design. DESIGN Prospective cohort study SETTING: We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, established from August 2010 to January 2012 in 323 districts. PARTICIPANTS The target population was restricted to non-institutionalised people aged 65 years or older who were independent in activities of daily living. Participants included 73 021 people (34 051 men and 38 970 women) who were followed up over a 3-year period. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome measure was the onset of functional disability, defined as a new registration in public long-term care insurance system records with a care-needs level of two or above, analysed with multilevel Cox proportional hazards regression models by community social capital (civic participation, social cohesion and reciprocity). RESULTS The mean age of participants was 73.3 years (SD=6.0) for men and 73.8 years (SD=6.2) for women. During the study period, the onset of functional disability occurred in 1465 (4.3%) men and 1519 (3.9%) women. Of three community social capital variables, social cohesion significantly reduced the risk of onset of functional disability (HR 0.910; 95% CI 0.830 to 0.998) among men, after adjusting for individual social and behavioural variables. There was no significant effect among women. CONCLUSIONS Living in a community with rich social cohesion is associated with a lower incidence of onset of functional disability among older Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Noguchi
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashige Saito
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Chita-gun, Japan
| | | | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Warner E, Andrews FJ. "Surface acquaintances": Parents' experiences of social connectedness and social capital in Australian high-rise developments. Health Place 2019; 58:102165. [PMID: 31330493 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of families in Australian cities are raising their children in private, high-rise, housing. However, with developments often designed for singles and couples without children, there is a need to better understand the lived experiences of families in these settings. This paper draws on photo-narratives from ten parents of pre-school children aged five and under residing in newer, high-rise developments in Melbourne to explore their experiences of social connectedness and capital. Findings showed that parents' social connections were often hindered by physical and social barriers, including the design of developments and space within apartments; the transient nature of other residents; and the need to maintain a level of distance from neighbours given close proximity. However, parents felt social connectedness was enabled through organised groups and activities, and the shared experience of raising a child in the area. Based on parents' experiences, this paper makes suggestions to improve social connectedness, foster social capital and enhance wellbeing among the increasing number of families living in high-rise developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Warner
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Fiona J Andrews
- School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
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Nandha B, Meenakshy V, Abdul Khader N, Vijayakumar KN, Jambulingam P. Bridging the gap in outreach and compliance with mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in an endemic district in Kerala, India: an intervention research approach. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:300-309. [PMID: 30805648 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a neglected tropical disease is targeted for elimination globally by 2020. National Health Policy of India set the goal by 2017 and annual single-dose mass drug administration (MDA) with anti-filarial drugs is in operation in endemic districts since 2004. Performance and effectiveness of MDA was diverse across the nation and prevalence of infection continues above threshold level in 50% of endemic districts which requires alternative strategies. National programme aims at achieving >65% consumption for transmission control. Post 10 rounds of MDA in an endemic district of Kerala state, a three-arm study identified determinants in gap in outreach and consumption, based on which context-dependent intervention using social group work and networking (SGWN) was implemented and impact assessed. A spill over effect with overall increase in coverage and consumption rates irrespective of arms apparently is due to inclusive improvement in MDA programme whereas, significant relative improvement in intervention arm reflects effectiveness of SGWN strategy. Though reduction in microfilaria prevalence in all arms was observed, it was significant between intervention and comparison arm. This study highlights need for context-dependent communication strategy to improve MDA for accelerating LF elimination by the targeted 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nandha
- Vector Control Research Centre, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Pondicherry, India
| | - V Meenakshy
- Office of the Directorate of Health Services, Tiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | - K N Vijayakumar
- Vector Control Research Centre, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Pondicherry, India
| | - P Jambulingam
- Vector Control Research Centre, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Pondicherry, India
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Cordova D, Coleman-Minahan K, Bull S, Borrayo EA. Development of the Brief Social Capital for Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Scale: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2019; 51:570-587. [PMID: 31467456 PMCID: PMC6715297 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x17704088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social capital plays an important role in sexual and reproductive health among youth, yet few measures to assess this concept have been developed and tested for this population. We developed and examined the factor structure of the Brief Social Capital for Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Scale. Drawing on the empirical literature, we identified item content to assess an overall construct of social capital in relationship to youth's sexual and reproductive health, including condom self-efficacy, civic engagement, and adult and community support. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a sample of 200 youth, predominately low-income and ethnic minority in Denver, Colorado. EFA with geomax rotation yielded a three-factor solution. CFA provided an adequate model fit with acceptable standardized factor loadings. This study provides a validated measure for future research to further examine social capital and youth sexual and reproductive health.
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Yu C, Lou C, Cheng Y, Cui Y, Lian Q, Wang Z, Gao E, Wang L. Young internal migrants' major health issues and health seeking barriers in Shanghai, China: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:336. [PMID: 30902080 PMCID: PMC6431074 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background China is experiencing a sizeable rural-urban flow, which may influence the health of internal migrant youth deeply. Disadvantages in the city are highly likely to contribute to health issues among the young internal migrant population. The current qualitative study is to explore how internal migrant young people view the health issues they face, and the services and opportunities they could seek in their host community. Methods Data were collected from 90 internal migrant youth aged between 15 and 19 years old and 20 adult service providers who worked with them in a community of Shanghai, where the population of internal migrants was relatively large. Four types of qualitative research methods were used, including key informant interviews with adults, in-depth interviews with adolescents, a photovoice activity with adolescents and community mapping & focus group discussions with adolescents. Guided by the ecological systems framework and the acculturation theory, thematic analysis was conducted using ATLAS.Ti 7.0 software. Results While younger migrants had a limited understanding of health, elder migrant youths were more sensitive to societal and political factors related to their health. Mental health and health risk behaviors such as smoking, violence and premarital unsafe sex were thought as major health issues. Internal migrant youths rarely seek health information and services initiatively from formal sources. They believed their health concerns weren’t as pressing as the pressure coming from the high cost of living, the experience of being unfairly treated and the lack of opportunities. Participants also cited lack of family and social support, lack of awareness and supportive policies to get access to community and public services as impacting health factors. Conclusions The study’s findings provide the insight to the social contexts which influence the health experience, health seeking behaviors, and city adaptation of young internal migrants in their host community. This research stresses the importance of understanding social networks and structural barriers faced by migrant youth in vulnerable environments. A multidimensional social support is essential for internal migrant youth facing present and potential health risks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6661-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, NO.130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohua Lou
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Family Planning NSW, 328-336 Liverpool Road, Ashfield, NSW, 2131, Australia
| | - Yuanqi Cui
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, NO.130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, NO.300 Village Shibo Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200125, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiguo Lian
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, NO.130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, NO.130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ersheng Gao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, NO.779 Old Humin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, NO.130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Stjernqvist NW, Bonde AH, Trolle E, Sabinsky M, Maindal HT. Children’s agency in building social capital and collective actions. HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/he-04-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Whole-school approaches emphasising pupil participation are recognised as being conducive for building social capital, yet how participatory health educational processes relate to different types of social capital remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore which mechanisms within a participatory health educational process influence social capital and collective actions in the school context, and to discuss children’s agency in such processes.
Design/methodology/approach
A multiple case study design, with the Danish “We Act – Together for Health” intervention, considered as an instrumental case regarding participatory health educational processes for children, principally since it applied the participatory Investigation–Vision–Action–Change (IVAC) methodology. The paper is based on a theory-driven, abductive research strategy. Qualitative methods, including focus group interviews with children, semi-structured interviews with teachers and school principals, and participant observation were used.
Findings
The study’s conceptual framework, which elucidates several mechanisms that interact with types of social capital and collective actions within the school setting, indicates that working with child participation through the IVAC methodology can influence types of social capital and collective actions. It also emphasises children’s limited agency in terms of affecting bridging and linking social capital, norms of reciprocity and collective actions without sufficient support mechanisms at the school and class levels.
Originality/value
The study provides a novel comprehensive conceptual framework identifying the specific mechanisms at different levels that influence social capital and collective actions.
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Blakeslee JE, Best JI. Understanding support network capacity during the transition from foster care: Youth-identified barriers, facilitators, and enhancement strategies. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2019; 96:220-230. [PMID: 30765899 PMCID: PMC6370300 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study explores how foster care experiences can impact support network functionality as young people exit the foster care system. This can be conceptualized as a function of both network member capacity to provide adequate support to address young adult needs, and network stability, which reflects cohesion within and across relationships to facilitate consistent support over time. We conducted support network mapping and semi-structured interviews with youth in foster care aged 16-20 (N=22) and used theoretical thematic analysis to explore support barriers and facilitators in relation to the organizing concepts of support capacity and network stability. Overall, support capacity was limited by interpersonal difficulties inhibiting the presence and supportiveness of some network members (including family members, informal peer and community-based connections, and caseworkers), whereas network stability facilitated multidimensional support through strong and interconnected relationships with caregivers and service providers. Emergent network patterns reflected distinct subgroups of more and less functional support networks, and strategies for network enhancement focus on promoting youth-directed services and support, developing youth skills and opportunities to invest in informal relationships, and using network assessment to identify unmet support needs. Findings advance a framework for understanding how foster care impacts support network characteristics, and inform ongoing efforts to address resulting limitations through services and programming.
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Satariano B. Diverse socioeconomic processes influencing health and wellbeing across generations in deprived neighbourhoods in Malta. Soc Sci Med 2018; 232:453-459. [PMID: 30287114 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study contributes to the geography of health by emphasising intergenerational differences in health determinants in a Mediterranean context. Using a grounded theory approach, it aims to explore the intergenerational processes between parents and children and their impact on determinants of health and wellbeing by focusing on the neighbourhood processes, including human, social and cultural capital in their neighbourhood. Through structured in-depth interviews with parents and children coming from two deprived neighbourhoods in Malta, it was shown that what may be considered valuable and beneficial for the adults' wellbeing may be detrimental for their children. In other cases, the neighbourhood processes that are being experienced negatively by adults seem to be beneficial for the health and wellbeing of young people. Thus the neighbourhood does not influence the inhabitants of different age groups in a homogenous and consistent manner. Indeed, the experiences of adults and children, even though they belong to the same family and neighbourhood, may differ from each other. It also emerged that it is not only the parents who can influence determinants of a young person's wellbeing; children and adolescents are able to negotiate and contradict their parents' wishes and decisions in order to enjoy conditions that they find beneficial. This study therefore demonstrates how the processes related to the social determinants of health are not static but highly dynamic, even across generations.
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Stjernqvist NW, Sabinsky M, Morgan A, Trolle E, Thyregod C, Maindal HT, Bonde AH, Tetens I. Building school-based social capital through 'We Act - Together for Health' - a quasi-experimental study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1141. [PMID: 30257663 PMCID: PMC6158853 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social capital has been found to be positively associated with various health and well-being outcomes amongst children. Less is known about how social capital may be generated and specifically in relation to children in the school setting. Drawing on the social cohesion approach and the democratic health educational methodology IVAC (Investigation - Vision - Action - Change) the aim of this study was to examine the effect of the Health Promoting School intervention 'We Act - Together for Health' on children's cognitive social capital. METHOD A quasi-experimental controlled pre- and post-intervention study design was conducted with 548 participants (mean age 11.7 years). Cognitive social capital was measured as: horizontal social capital (trust and support in pupils); vertical social capital (trust and support in teachers); and a sense of belonging in the school using questions derived from the Health Behaviour in School Children study. A series of multilevel ordinal logistic regression analyses was performed for each outcome to estimate the effect of the intervention. RESULT The analyses showed no overall significant effect from the intervention on horizontal social capital or vertical social capital at the six-month follow-up. A negative effect was found on the sense of belonging in the school. Gender and grade appeared to be important for horizontal social capital, while grade was important for sense of belonging in the school. The results are discussed in relation to We Act's implementation process, our conceptual framework and methodological issues and can be used to direct future research in the field. CONCLUSION The study finds that child participation in health education can affect the children's sense of belonging in the school, though without sufficient management support, this may have a negative effect. With low implementation fidelity regarding the Action and Change dimension of the intervention at both the school and class level, and with measurement issues regarding the concept of social capital, more research is needed to establish a firm conclusion on the importance of the children's active participation as a source for cognitive social capital creation in the school setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN85203017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna W. Stjernqvist
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Diabetes Prevention Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Marianne Sabinsky
- Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Antony Morgan
- Public Health, Glasgow Caledonian University in London, 40 Fashion Street, Spitalfields, London, E1 6PX UK
| | - Ellen Trolle
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Thyregod
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Helle T. Maindal
- Diabetes Prevention Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
- Present address: Department of Public Health - Department of Health Services Research, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ane H. Bonde
- Diabetes Prevention Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Inge Tetens
- Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Present address: Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Vitality - Centre for Good Older Lives, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Shiell A, Hawe P, Kavanagh S. Evidence suggests a need to rethink social capital and social capital interventions. Soc Sci Med 2018; 257:111930. [PMID: 30219489 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the 21 years since social capital first appeared in the public health literature, the evidence base has grown enormously, now reaching 28 systematic reviews encompassing more than 850 individual studies. We summarise this evidence and explain why conclusions relating to both the relationship between social capital and health, and the effectiveness of interventions to promote population health remain elusive and contradictory. A critical factor is the inadequate way that context is treated in the research, and especially how context interacts with efforts to promote health in a dynamic fashion. Of all the different types of interventions one could employ to improve the health of the public, 'social capital' interventions are likely to be the most context specific and especially affected by the boundaries placed around the context. A way forward is offered that requires a combination of insights from systems thinking, community-based participatory research, and intervention and improvement sciences. This requires renewed focus on the specific components of social capital, an understanding of how context interacts dynamically with efforts to improve health, a greater role for practice in the design, implementation, adaptation and evaluation of interventions, and the support of researchers to develop better methods for recognising and classifying the knowledge generated by complex interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiell
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University and the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Australia.
| | - Penelope Hawe
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, and the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Australia
| | - Shane Kavanagh
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University and the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Australia
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Is the relationship between parental abuse and mobile phone dependency (MPD) contingent across neighborhood characteristics? A multilevel analysis of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196824. [PMID: 29723286 PMCID: PMC5933743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that mobile phone dependency (MPD) is associated with various behavioral and internalizing problems. While a significant amount of findings points to its negative outcomes, there is a dearth of evidence concerning the determinants of MPD. This study focuses on this critical, yet understudied, subject by analyzing the associations between abusive parenting style, neighborhood characteristics, and MPD among youths in South Korea, a country with one of the highest mobile broadband penetration rates in the world. Based on the secondary analysis of two waves of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), a government-funded multiyear study, we investigate individual- and contextual-level factors underlying MPD. Findings show that, net of a host of time-lagged controls (including baseline dependency from the previous year), abusive parenting style significantly increases adolescent MPD. After adjusting for individual level characteristics, however, no contextual-level effect is found, i.e., residing in a neighborhood with a relatively higher proportion of parental abuse is not related to greater MPD. Finally, two cross-level interaction effects are observed. First, the association between parental abuse and MPD is weaker in a neighborhood context with better educated inhabitants (more college graduates). Second, it is reinforced in demographically “aged” communities with more elderly residents.
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Asamoah BO, Agardh A. Individual- and Family-Level Determinants of Risky Sexual Behavior Among Swedish- and Foreign-Born Young Adults 18-30 Years of Age, Residing in Skåne, Sweden. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:517-528. [PMID: 28560591 PMCID: PMC5775364 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-0978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In Sweden, various public health interventions have been performed to reduce risky sexual behaviors among young people and promote safer and positive approaches to sexuality, while attempting to bridge the gap between the less privileged or more vulnerable young people and their more privileged peers. This study aimed to compare the individual- and familial-level determinants of risky sexual behavior among foreign-born and Swedish-born young adults 18-30 years of age residing in Skåne, the south of Sweden. This was a cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire to collect data from 2968 randomly selected respondents between 18 and 30 years between January and March 2013. The associations were analyzed using chi-square tests, and simple and multiple logistic regression analyses. Younger age, i.e., individual-level factor, and living with only one parent or another person while growing up, i.e., familial-level factor, increased the risk of engaging in sexual risk taking for both Swedish- and foreign-born youth. Male gender was related to a higher risk of engaging in sexual risk-taking behaviors among foreign-born youth but was not as important as influence on sexual risk taking among Swedish-born youth. Parental education level, on the other hand, was significantly associated with sexual intercourse on the "first night" and early sexual debut solely among Swedish-born youth. Condom use was not associated with any family-level factor among both Swedish-born and foreign-born youth. The design of sexual reproductive health and rights messages and interventions to target risky sexual behavior among Swedish youth should take into consideration immigration status (for example, being Swedish-born or foreign-born), individual- and family-level characteristics, as well as the type of behavioral change or outcome desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Oppong Asamoah
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, House 28, Floor 12, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anette Agardh
- Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, House 28, Floor 12, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Read UM, Karamanos A, João Silva M, Molaodi OR, Enayat ZE, Cassidy A, Cruickshank JK, Harding S. The influence of racism on cigarette smoking: Longitudinal study of young people in a British multiethnic cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190496. [PMID: 29364959 PMCID: PMC5783341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies, predominantly from the US, suggest that positive parenting, social support, academic achievement, and ethnic identity may buffer the impact of racism on health behaviours, including smoking, but little is known about how such effects might operate for ethnically diverse young people in the United Kingdom. We use the Determinants of young Adult Social well-being and Health (DASH), the largest UK longitudinal study of ethnically diverse young people, to address the following questions: a) Is racism associated with smoking? b) Does the relationship between racism and smoking vary by gender and by ethnicity? (c) Do religious involvement, parenting style and relationship with parents modify any observed relationship? and d) What are the qualitative experiences of racism and how might family or religion buffer the impact? METHODS The cohort was recruited from 51 London schools. 6643 were seen at 11-13y and 4785 seen again at 14-16y. 665 participated in pilot follow-up at 21-23y, 42 in qualitative interviews. Self-report questionnaires included lifestyles, socio-economic and psychosocial factors. Mixed-effect models examined the associations between racism and smoking. RESULTS Smoking prevalence increased from adolescence to age 21-23y, although ethnic minorities remained less likely to smoke. Racism was an independent longitudinal correlate of ever smoking throughout adolescence (odds ratio 1.77, 95% Confidence Interval 1.45-2.17) and from early adolescence to early 20s (1.90, 95% CI 1.25-2.90). Smoking initiation in late adolescence was associated with cumulative exposure to racism (1.77, 95% CI 1.23-2.54). Parent-child relationships and place of worship attendance were independent longitudinal correlates that were protective of smoking. Qualitative narratives explored how parenting, religion and cultural identity buffered the adverse impact of racism. CONCLUSIONS Racism was associated with smoking behaviour from early adolescence to early adulthood, regardless of gender, ethnicity or socio-economic circumstances adding to evidence of the need to consider racism as an important social determinant of health across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M. Read
- School of Population Health Sciences & School of Life Course Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Karamanos
- ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria João Silva
- School of Population Health Sciences & School of Life Course Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oarabile R. Molaodi
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Zinat E. Enayat
- University College London Hospitals, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square London, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan Cassidy
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - J. Kennedy Cruickshank
- School of Population Health Sciences & School of Life Course Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- School of Population Health Sciences & School of Life Course Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Martin G, Gavine A, Inchley J, Currie C. Conceptualizing, measuring and evaluating constructs of the adolescent neighbourhood social environment: A systematic review. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:335-351. [PMID: 29349227 PMCID: PMC5769065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Martin
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gavine
- Synthesis Training and Research Group, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Inchley
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Tseng FY, Chen KH, Liu CY, Chen WJ, Chen CY. School District Variation in Parental Influence on Underage Drinking Behaviors. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:355-362. [PMID: 28457685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the relationship between alcohol-specific and nonalcohol-specific parental characteristics with occasional alcohol drinking in early adolescence and probed potential school district variation. METHODS A total of 1,581 fourth and sixth graders (age range: 10-12 years) were ascertained from 17 elementary schools in a cohort study conducted in northern Taiwan in 2006, with three waves of follow-up between 2007 and 2009. Information on alcohol-specific and nonalcohol-specific parental attributes was obtained from the first two waves of self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaires; occasional drinking, defined by having drunk on three or more occasions in the past year, was assessed at fourth wave. School district characteristics were retrieved from official statistics and self-report. Multilevel analyses were used to evaluate strength of association, with stratification by disadvantaged status of school districts. RESULTS Thirteen percent (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.1%-15.8%) of young adolescents reported to drink occasionally; higher grade level, childhood drinking experience, lower parental education, maternal drinking, and positive parental attitude toward drinking were significant predictors. Nonalcohol parental predictors, including not living with both parents (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.21-4.53) and parental involvement/reinforcement (aOR = .44; 95% CI = .22-.87), were only significant for the children of socioeconomically disadvantaged school districts. As to alcohol-specific parental characteristics, the effects of maternal drinking appear more salient in socioeconomically advantaged school districts (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.66-4.18). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-specific and nonalcohol-specific parental influence may operate differentially across school districts sub-grouped by socioeconomic attributes. Preventive strategies raising the awareness of underage drinking and strengthening parenting skills should be devised and implemented in the perspective of social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Tseng
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Department of Nursing, National Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Children and Family Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Paige SR, Stellefson M, Chaney BH, Chaney JD, Alber JM, Chappell C, Barry AE. Examining the Relationship between Online Social Capital and eHealth Literacy: Implications for Instagram Use for Chronic Disease Prevention among College Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2017; 48:264-277. [PMID: 29152031 DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2017.1316693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background College students actively seek online health information and use Instagram, an image- and video-based social networking website, to build social networks grounded in trust and behavioral norms (social capital), which have the potential to prevent chronic disease. Purpose This study aimed to: (1) examine how intensity of Instagram use moderates the relationship between eHealth Literacy and online social capital in college students, and (2) discuss how Instagram can be used as a social awareness platform for chronic disease prevention among college students. Methods Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to analyze web-based survey data from a random sample of college students (N=327). Results Online bridging social capital was associated with greater eHealth Literacy (P<.05) and intensity of Instagram use (P<.001), when controlling for socio-demographic variables. The relationship between eHealth Literacy and online bridging social capital was strongest among respondents' with average (P<.01) and high (P<.01) intensity Instagram use, as compared to low Instagram intensity. Discussion High intensity of Instagram may strengthen college students' low eHealth Literacy, especially when interacting with heterogeneous connections with weaker ties. Translation to Health Education Practice Health education specialists should continue to explore how college students' intensity of Instagram use can be strengthened to build bridging online social capital, and ultimately prevent chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Paige
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida; PO Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Michael Stellefson
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida; PO Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Beth H Chaney
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, East Carolina University; 3105 Carol G. Belk Building, Greenville, NC 27858
| | - J Don Chaney
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, East Carolina University; 2202 Carol G. Belk Building, Greenville, NC 27858
| | - Julia M Alber
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida; PO Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Chelsea Chappell
- Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida; PO Box 118210, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University; 314C Blocker Hall, College Station, TX 77843
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Raymond-Flesch M, Auerswald C, McGlone L, Comfort M, Minnis A. Building social capital to promote adolescent wellbeing: a qualitative study with teens in a Latino agricultural community. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:177. [PMID: 28178971 PMCID: PMC5299737 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latino youth, particularly in rural settings, experience significant disparities in rates of teen pregnancy and violence. Few data are available regarding social and structural influences on Latino youth’s developmental trajectories, specifically on factors that promote wellbeing and protect them from engagement in high-risk sexual and violence-related behaviors. Methods Forty-two youth aged 13 to 19 years old were recruited from middle schools and youth leadership programs to participate in one of eight community-based focus groups in Salinas, a predominantly Latino, urban center in California’s rural central coast. Focus groups covered youths’ experiences with the risk and protective factors associated with exposure to violence and romantic relationships. Four researchers completed coding with a Grounded Theory approach, informed by the theoretical frameworks of the social ecological model and social capital. The study’s design and participant recruitment were informed by a community advisory board of local youth-serving organizations and health care providers. Results Participants described family lives rich in bonding social capital, with strong ties to parents and near-peer family members. They reported that while parents had a strong desire to promote healthful behaviors and social mobility, they often lacked the bridging or linking social capital required to help youth navigate structural systems, such as college applications and access to confidential health care. Youth also reported that some families link their children to negative social capital, such as exposure to gang affiliation. Conclusion Adolescents in this agricultural community identified robust sources of bonding social capital within their families. However, they identified limitations in their families’ capacities to link them to structural resources in education, employment, and health care that could support healthful behaviors and upward social mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Raymond-Flesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - Colette Auerswald
- School of Public Health, Division of Community Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, 570 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94702, USA
| | - Linda McGlone
- Monterey County Health Department, 1270 Natividad Road, Salinas, CA, 93906, USA
| | - Megan Comfort
- Division of Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice, Research Triangle Institute International, 351 California Street, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA, 94104, USA
| | - Alexandra Minnis
- Women's Global Health Imperative, Research Triangle Institute International, 351 California Street, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA, 94104, USA.,University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 351 California Street, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA, 94104, USA
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Saito M, Kondo N, Aida J, Kawachi I, Koyama S, Ojima T, Kondo K. Development of an instrument for community-level health related social capital among Japanese older people: The JAGES Project. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:221-227. [PMID: 28169107 PMCID: PMC5394224 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed and validated an instrument to measure community-level social capital based on data derived from older community dwellers in Japan. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide survey involving 123,760 functionally independent older people nested within 702 communities (i.e., school districts). We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on survey items to determine the items in a multi-dimensional scale to measure community social capital. Internal consistency was checked with Cronbach's alpha. Convergent construct validity was assessed via correlating the scale with health outcomes. RESULTS From 53 candidate variables, 11 community-level variables were extracted: participation in volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby activities, study or cultural groups, and activities for teaching specific skills; trust, norms of reciprocity, and attachment to one's community; received emotional support; provided emotional support; and received instrumental support. Using factor analysis, these variables were determined to belong to three sub-scales: civic participation (eigenvalue = 3.317, α = 0.797), social cohesion (eigenvalue = 2.633, α = 0.853), and reciprocity (eigenvalue = 1.424, α = 0.732). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the goodness of fit of this model. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis revealed that civic participation score was robustly associated with individual subjective health (Self-Rated Health: prevalence ratio [PR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.98; Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS]: PR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97). Reciprocity score was also associated with individual GDS (PR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). Social cohesion score was not consistently associated with individual health indicators. CONCLUSIONS Our scale for measuring social capital at the community level might be useful for future studies of older community dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashige Saito
- Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan; Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shihoko Koyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Kassani A, Baghbanian A, Menati R, Hassanzadeh J, Asadi-Lari M, Menati W. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Associated Factors among Male Citizens in Tehran, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1473-8. [PMID: 27039792 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is as the leading cause of cancer mortality and other chronic diseases in males worldwide. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is different across and within countries by age, education level, occupation, and so on. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its relationship with individuals' demographic factors and BMI in adolescent men living in Tehran, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved secondary analysis of the 'Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool-2' survey conducted in Tehran, Iran, among men aged 20+, 2011-2012. Using a multistage sampling method, 45,990 men were included in the study. The cigarette smoking status, BMI and demographic factors measured through a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression model were used to examine the relationships between the independents variables and cigarette smoking behavior, using SPSS software version 21. RESULTS In the total of 45,990 men, the overall prevalence of cigarette smoking was 14.6% (CI 95%: 14.29- 14.94). Age (OR=0.96; CI 95%:0.94-0.98), house ownership (OR=0.68; CI 95%: 0.64-0.72), job status (OR=0.60; CI 95%: 0.46-0.86), marital status (OR=0.42; CI 95%: 0.39-0.47) and educational levels (OR=0.50; CI95%: 0.45-0.54) were associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. However, associations with BMI, family size, residency years, and district were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Given the relatively high prevalence of cigarette smoking in the study population, policy interventions are required to address this major public health issue, with a focus on the population demographic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Kassani
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran E-mail :
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El Achhab Y, El Ammari A, El Kazdouh H, Najdi A, Berraho M, Tachfouti N, Lamri D, El Fakir S, Nejjari C. Health risk behaviours amongst school adolescents: protocol for a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1209. [PMID: 27899098 PMCID: PMC5129596 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining risky behaviours of adolescents provides valuable information for designing appropriate intervention programmes for advancing adolescent's health. However, these behaviours are not fully addressed by researchers in a comprehensive approach. We report the protocol of a mixed methods study designed to investigate the health risk behaviours of Moroccan adolescents with the goal of identifying suitable strategies to address their health concerns. METHODS We used a sequential two-phase explanatory mixed method study design. The approach begins with the collection of quantitative data, followed by the collection of qualitative data to explain and enrich the quantitative findings. In the first phase, the global school-based student health survey (GSHS) was administered to 800 students who were between 14 and 19 years of age. The second phase engaged adolescents, parents and teachers in focus groups and assessed education documents to explore the level of coverage of health education in the programme learnt in the middle school. To obtain opinions about strategies to reduce Moroccan adolescents' health risk behaviours, a nominal group technique will be used. DISCUSSION The findings of this mixed methods sequential explanatory study provide insights into the risk behaviours that need to be considered if intervention programmes and preventive strategies are to be designed to promote adolescent's health in the Moroccan school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness El Achhab
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco. .,Regional Centre for Careers Education and Training of Taza, Taza, Morocco.
| | - Abdelghaffar El Ammari
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Kazdouh
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Adil Najdi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Berraho
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Nabil Tachfouti
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Driss Lamri
- Regional Centre for Careers Education and Training of Taza, Taza, Morocco
| | - Samira El Fakir
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Chakib Nejjari
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, B.P 1893, Km 2.2 Route Sidi Harazem, Fez, 30000, Morocco.,Mohammed VI University for Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
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Hassanzadeh J, Asadi-Lari M, Ghaem H, Kassani A, Rezaianzadeh A. Demographic factors, social capital, and cigarette smoking: a large cross-sectional study in Tehran, Iran. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Brodziak A, Różyk-Myrta A, Wolińska A. Does the recent intensification of nationalistic and xenophobic attitudes in Eastern European countries adversely affect public mental health? BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1115. [PMID: 27776499 PMCID: PMC5078924 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The authors postulate that the recent intensification of the nationalist and xenophobic attitude in Poland and other Eastern European countries is detrimental to public mental health. The xenophobic attitude is accompanied by a higher incidence of anxiety and depression, disputes due to the polarization of opinions, a sense of embarrassment and a sense of contradictions with so-called Christian values, unfavorable demographic predictions and reduced life satisfaction. Discussion The authors attempt to describe the sequence of adverse events that led to the intensification of xenophobia and characterize the current state of public mental health in European countries. They formulate and propose possible actions which could counteract the consequences of that transformation. Short conclusion The actions which may be undertaken to counteract the deterioration of public mental health can be based on the recommendations of so-called ‘positive psychology’ and ‘positive psychiatry’ as well as the principles of strengthening local social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Brodziak
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Koscielna 13, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Alicja Różyk-Myrta
- Institute of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences, Armi Krajowej 7, 48-300, Nysa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wolińska
- Institute of Nursing, University of Applied Sciences, Armi Krajowej 7, 48-300, Nysa, Poland
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Parental social capital and children's sleep disturbances. Sleep Health 2016; 2:330-334. [PMID: 29073391 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep plays a critical role in the health and well-being of children. Individual and household factors, including parent's social connections, may impact children's sleep. Our study assessed the association between children's sleep disturbances and parent's social capital in a sample of Canadian households. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Data came from 339 children and their parents who completed a telephone and follow-up survey in 2013 as part of the Canada Brain-to-Society study. Participants were parents (73.1% female) with children aged 6 to 12years residing in Montreal, Canada. MEASUREMENTS Parental social capital was assessed using a position generator, and children's sleep disturbances were measured with the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Other household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were measured, including parental and child age and sex, foreign-born status, and income. Linear regression was used to examine the association between parental social capital and children's sleep disturbances while controlling for possible confounders. RESULTS Parental social capital was negatively associated with children's sleep disturbances (β=-0.02, SE=0.01, P<.05), when controlling for demographic factors (sex of parent, household income, foreign-born status, parent's age, sex and age of child, suggesting that children of parents with higher social capital had fewer sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Parents with higher social capital tended to have children with few total sleep disturbances than did parents with lower social capital. Parental social capital may be a potentially modifiable aspect of the home environment that has implications for children's health.
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