1
|
Hu H, Li Z, Xie X, Liao Q, Hu Y, Gong C, Gao N, Yang H, Xiao Y, Chen Y. Insights into the role of RNA m 6A modification in the metabolic process and related diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101011. [PMID: 38560499 PMCID: PMC10978549 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the latest consensus, many traditional diseases are considered metabolic diseases, such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Currently, metabolic diseases are increasingly prevalent because of the ever-improving living standards and have become the leading threat to human health. Multiple therapy methods have been applied to treat these diseases, which improves the quality of life of many patients, but the overall effect is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, intensive research on the metabolic process and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is imperative. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an important modification of eukaryotic RNAs. It is a critical regulator of gene expression that is involved in different cellular functions and physiological processes. Many studies have indicated that m6A modification regulates the development of many metabolic processes and metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized recent studies on the role of m6A modification in different metabolic processes and metabolic diseases. Additionally, we highlighted the potential m6A-targeted therapy for metabolic diseases, expecting to facilitate m6A-targeted strategies in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Wang Y, Wang JN, Zhang YC, Zhang YR, Sun RX, Qin B, Dai YX, Zhu HJ, Zhao JX, Zhang WW, Ji JD, Yuan ST, Shen QD, Liu QH. Lactylation-driven FTO targets CDK2 to aggravate microvascular anomalies in diabetic retinopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:294-318. [PMID: 38297099 PMCID: PMC10897304 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in working-age populations. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase that demethylates RNAs involved in energy homeostasis, though its influence on DR is not well studied. Herein, we detected elevated FTO expression in vitreous fibrovascular membranes of patients with proliferative DR. FTO promoted cell cycle progression and tip cell formation of endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate angiogenesis in vitro, in mice, and in zebrafish. FTO also regulated EC-pericyte crosstalk to trigger diabetic microvascular leakage, and mediated EC-microglia interactions to induce retinal inflammation and neurodegeneration in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, FTO affected EC features via modulating CDK2 mRNA stability in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner. FTO up-regulation under diabetic conditions was driven by lactate-mediated histone lactylation. FB23-2, an inhibitor to FTO's m6A demethylase activity, suppressed angiogenic phenotypes in vitro. To allow for systemic administration, we developed a nanoplatform encapsulating FB23-2 and confirmed its targeting and therapeutic efficiency in mice. Collectively, our study demonstrates that FTO is important for EC function and retinal homeostasis in DR, and warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target for DR patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Chen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Ran Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru-Xu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Dai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Dong Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Tao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun-Dong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Huai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang J, Yang F, Liu Y, Wang Y. N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in diabetic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116185. [PMID: 38237350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, and hyperglycemic memory associated with diabetes carries the risk of disease occurrence, even after the termination of blood glucose injury. The existence of hyperglycemic memory supports the concept of an epigenetic mechanism involving n6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Several studies have shown that m6A plays a key role in the pathogenesis of DKD. This review addresses the role and mechanism of m6A RNA modification in the progression of DKD, including the regulatory role of m6A modification in pathological processes, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and non-coding (nc) RNA. This reveals the importance of m6A in the occurrence and development of DKD, suggesting that m6A may play a role in hyperglycemic memory phenomenon. This review also discusses how some gray areas, such as m6A modified multiple enzymes, interact to affect the development of DKD and provides countermeasures. In conclusion, this review enhances our understanding of DKD from the perspective of m6A modifications and provides new targets for future therapeutic strategies. In addition, the insights discussed here support the existence of hyperglycemic memory effects in DKD, which may have far-reaching implications for the development of novel treatments. We hypothesize that m6A RNA modification, as a key factor regulating the development of DKD, provides a new perspective for the in-depth exploration of DKD and provides a novel option for the clinical management of patients with DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Huang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shijiazhuang 05000, China; Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO.326, Xinshi South Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang 05000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu S, Song S, Wang S, Cai T, Qin L, Wang X, Zhu G, Wang H, Yang W, Fang C, Wei Y, Zhou F, Yu Y, Lin S, Peng S, Li L. Hypothalamic FTO promotes high-fat diet-induced leptin resistance in mice through increasing CX3CL1 expression. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109512. [PMID: 37907171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) disrupts energy homeostasis and leads to weight gain. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been consistently identified to be associated with HFD-induced obesity. The hypothalamus is crucial for regulating energy balance, and HFD-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance contributes to obesity. FTO, an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulator, may be a key mediator of leptin resistance. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the association between FTO and leptin resistance. After HFD or standard diet (SD) feeding in male mice for 22 weeks, m6A-sequencing and western blotting assays were used to identify target genes and assess protein level, and molecular interaction changes. CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout system was employed to investigate the potential function of FTO in leptin resistance and obesity. Our data showed that chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) was a direct downstream target of FTO-mediated m6A modification. Furthermore, upregulation of FTO/CX3CL1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the hypothalamus impaired leptin-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, resulting in leptin resistance and obesity. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, FTO deficiency in leptin receptor-expressing neurons of the hypothalamus significantly inhibited the upregulation of CX3CL1 and SOCS3, and partially ameliorating leptin resistance under HFD conditions. Our findings reveal that FTO involved in the hypothalamic leptin resistance and provides novel insight into the function of FTO in the contribution to hypothalamic leptin resistance and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Shuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui Cai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P.R. China
| | - Lian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Chunlu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Shaozhang Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P.R. China.
| | - Shuang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Liangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Conway R, Rockhold JD, SantaCruz-Calvo S, Zukowski E, Pugh GH, Hasturk H, Kern PA, Nikolajczyk BS, Bharath LP. Obesity and Fatty Acids Promote Mitochondrial Translocation of STAT3 Through ROS-Dependent Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:924003. [PMID: 35928250 PMCID: PMC9344057 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.924003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity promotes the onset and progression of metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs during obesity triggers multiple signaling mechanisms that negatively affect organismal health. One such mechanism is the persistent activation and mitochondrial translocation of STAT3, which is implicated in inflammatory pathologies and many types of cancers. STAT3 in the mitochondria (mitoSTAT3) alters electron transport chain activity, thereby influencing nutrient metabolism and immune response. PBMCs and CD4+ T cells from obese but normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) middle-aged subjects had higher phosphorylation of STAT3 on residue serine 727 and more mitochondrial accumulation of STAT3 than cells from lean subjects. To evaluate if circulating lipid overabundance in obesity is responsible for age- and sex-matched mitoSTAT3, cells from lean subjects were challenged with physiologically relevant doses of the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitate and oleate, respectively. Fatty acid treatment caused robust accumulation of mitoSTAT3 in all cell types, which was independent of palmitate-induced impairments in autophagy. Co-treatment of cells with fatty acid and trehalose prevented STAT3 phosphorylation and mitochondrial accumulation in an autophagy-independent but cellular peroxide-dependent mechanism. Pharmacological blockade of mitoSTAT3 either by a mitochondria-targeted STAT3 inhibitor or ROS scavenging prevented obesity and fatty acid-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-17A and IL-6, thus establishing a mechanistic link between mitoSTAT3 and inflammatory cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Conway
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United States
| | - Jack Donato Rockhold
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United States
| | - Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Emelia Zukowski
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United States
| | - Gabriella H. Pugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - Philip A. Kern
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Leena P. Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asuquo EA, Nwodo OFC, Assumpta AC, Orizu UN, Oziamara ON, Solomon OA. FTO gene expression in diet-induced obesity is downregulated by Solanum fruit supplementation. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:641-658. [PMID: 35800074 PMCID: PMC9202533 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been shown to play an important role in developing obesity, manifesting in traits such as increased body mass index, increased waist-to-hip ratio, and the distribution of adipose tissues, which increases the susceptibility to various metabolic syndromes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of fruit-based diets of Solanum melongena (SMF) and Solanum aethiopicum fruits (SAF) on the FTO gene expression levels in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese animals. Our results showed that the mRNA level of the FTO gene was downregulated in the hypothalamus, and white and brown adipose tissue following three and six weeks of treatment with SMF- and SAF-based diets in the HFD-induced obese animals. Additionally, the Solanum fruit supplementation exhibited a curative effect on obesity-associated abrasions on the white adipose tissue (WAT), hypothalamus, and liver. Our findings collectively suggest the anti-obesity potential of SMF and SAF via the downregulation of the FTO gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edeke Affiong Asuquo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | | | - Anosike Chioma Assumpta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Uchendu Nene Orizu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Okoro Nkwachukwu Oziamara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Odiba Arome Solomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Emerging Roles of FTO in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2677312. [PMID: 35528183 PMCID: PMC9071897 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2677312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) is a recently discovered gene related to obesity and expressed in various tissues of the human body, especially with high expression in the brain. Earlier studies have found that FTO is involved in several biological processes, including brain development and function. In particular, recent studies have found that FTO is a demethylase of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and it can affect neurological function through the m6A modification of mRNA. At present, a number of studies have shown that FTO is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper reviews the discovery, structure, function, and tissue expression of FTO followed by discussing the relationship between FTO and neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, the potential roles of FTO gene in drug addiction, major depression (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) through regulating m6A modification of dopamine related genes were also highlighted.
Collapse
|
8
|
Geng X, Li Z, Yang Y. Emerging Role of Epitranscriptomics in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:907060. [PMID: 35692393 PMCID: PMC9184717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.907060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its related complications are among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Substantial studies have explored epigenetic regulation that is involved in the modifications of DNA and proteins, but RNA modifications in diabetes are still poorly investigated. In recent years, posttranscriptional epigenetic modification of RNA (the so-called 'epitranscriptome') has emerged as an interesting field of research. Numerous modifications, mainly N6 -methyladenosine (m6A), have been identified in nearly all types of RNAs and have been demonstrated to have an indispensable effect in a variety of human diseases, such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the molecular basis of RNA modifications, which might provide a new perspective for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent progress in the epitranscriptomics involved in diabetes and diabetes-related complications. We hope to provide some insights for enriching the understanding of the epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanisms of this disease as well as the development of novel therapeutic targets for future clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dynamic regulation of N 6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m 6Am) in obesity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7185. [PMID: 34893620 PMCID: PMC8664860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalent m6Am mRNA cap modification was recently identified as a valid target for removal by the human obesity gene FTO along with the previously established m6A mRNA modification. However, the deposition and dynamics of m6Am in regulating obesity are unknown. Here, we investigate the liver m6A/m methylomes in mice fed on a high fat Western-diet and in ob/ob mice. We find that FTO levels are elevated in fat mice, and that genes which lost m6Am marking under obesity are overly downregulated, including the two fatty-acid-binding proteins FABP2, and FABP5. Furthermore, the cellular perturbation of FTO correspondingly affect protein levels of its targets. Notably, generally m6Am- but not m6A-methylated genes, are found to be highly enriched in metabolic processes. Finally, we deplete all m6A background via Mettl3 knockout, and unequivocally uncover the association of m6Am methylation with increased mRNA stability, translation efficiency, and higher protein expression. Together, these results strongly implicate a dynamic role for m6Am in obesity-related translation regulation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mizuno TM, Lew PS. Regulation of Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) Expression by Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO) in Mouse Hepatocyte Cells. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2021; 17:26-32. [PMID: 34539907 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2021.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Abnormally increased hepatic glucose production contributes to hyperglycemia in diabetes. Interventions that suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis should be beneficial in improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Objectives It has been suggested that hepatic FTO is involved in glycemic control by regulating gluconeogenesis. Both FTO and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) positively regulate the expression of gluconeogenic genes in the liver, suggesting the possibility that ATF4 mediates the stimulatory effect of FTO on hepatic gluconeogenesis. The present study aimed to determine the effect of altered expression or activity of FTO on Atf4 and gluconeogenic gene expression in hepatocyte cells. Methods Mouse hepatocyte AML12 cells were treated with the FTO inhibitor rhein or transfected with an FTO-expressing plasmid. Levels of gluconeogenic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) and Atf4 mRNA and protein were measured. Results Rhein treatment significantly reduced G6pc mRNA levels as well as Atf4 mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, enhanced FTO expression caused an increase in G6pc and Atf4 mRNA levels. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that hepatic FTO participates in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic gene and ATF4 expression. Reducing the activity of the hepatic FTO-ATF4 pathway may be beneficial in reducing hepatic glucose production and ameliorating hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T M Mizuno
- University of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - P S Lew
- University of Manitoba, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McFadden MJ, Sacco MT, Murphy KA, Park M, Gokhale NS, Somfleth KY, Horner SM. FTO Suppresses STAT3 Activation and Modulates Proinflammatory Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167247. [PMID: 34537236 PMCID: PMC8924017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signaling initiated by type I interferon (IFN) results in the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The type I IFN response is important for antiviral restriction, but aberrant activation of this response can lead to inflammation and autoimmunity. Regulation of this response is incompletely understood. We previously reported that the mRNA modification m6A and its deposition enzymes, METTL3 and METTL14 (METTL3/14), promote the type I IFN response by directly modifying the mRNA of a subset of ISGs to enhance their translation. Here, we determined the role of the RNA demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) in the type I IFN response. FTO, which can remove either m6A or cap-adjacent m6Am RNA modifications, has previously been associated with obesity and body mass index, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation. We found that FTO suppresses the transcription of a distinct set of ISGs, including many known pro-inflammatory genes, and that this regulation requires its catalytic activity but is not through the actions of FTO on m6Am. Interestingly, depletion of FTO led to activation of the transcription factor STAT3, whose role in the type I IFN response is not well understood. This activation of STAT3 increased the expression of a subset of ISGs. Importantly, this increased ISG induction resulting from FTO depletion was partially ablated by depletion of STAT3. Together, these results reveal that FTO negatively regulates STAT3-mediated signaling that induces proinflammatory ISGs during the IFN response, highlighting an important role for FTO in suppression of inflammatory genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McFadden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Matthew T Sacco
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Kristen A Murphy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Moonhee Park
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Nandan S Gokhale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Kim Y Somfleth
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Stacy M Horner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Lu P, Tang HL, Yan HJ, Jiang W, Shi H, Chen SY, Gao MM, Zeng XD, Long YS. Valproate-Induced Epigenetic Upregulation of Hypothalamic Fto Expression Potentially Linked with Weight Gain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1257-1269. [PMID: 32500354 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA), a widely-used antiepileptic drug, is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that play important roles in epigenetic regulation. The patient with different diseases receiving this drug tend to exhibit weight gain and abnormal metabolic phenotypes, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that VPA increases the Fto mRNA and protein expression in mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Interestingly, VPA promotes histone H3/H4 acetylation and the FTO expression which could be reversed by C646, an inhibitor for histone acetyltransferase. Furthermore, VPA weakens the FTO's binding and enhances the binding of transcription factor TAF1 to the Fto promoter, and C646 leads to reverse effect of the VPA, suggesting an involvement of the dynamic of histone H3/H4 acetylation in the regulation of FTO expression. In addition, the mice exhibit an increase in the food intake and body weight at the beginning of 2-week treatment with VPA. Simultaneously, in the hypothalamus of the VPA-treated mice, the FTO expression is upregulated and the H3/H4 acetylation is increased; further the FTO's binding to the Fto promoter is decreased and the TAF1's binding to the promoter is enhanced, suggesting that VPA promotes the assembly of the basal transcriptional machinery of the Fto gene. Finally, the inhibitor C646 could restore the effects of VPA on FTO expression, H3/H4 acetylation, body weight, and food intake; and loss of FTO could reverse the VPA-induced increase of body weight and food intake. Taken together, this study suggests an involvement of VPA in the epigenetic upregulation of hypothalamic FTO expression that is potentially associated with the VPA-induced weight gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hua-Juan Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiang-Da Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen Z, Liu P, Sun Q, Li Y, Acharya R, Li X, Sun C. FTO inhibits UPR mt-induced apoptosis by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway and reducing m6A level in adipocytes. Apoptosis 2021; 26:474-487. [PMID: 34212271 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a nucleic acid demethylase, Fat and obesity associated gene (FTO) plays a vital role in modulating adipose metabolism. However, it is still unknown how FTO affects apoptosis in adipocytes. In this study, we found that overexpression of FTO inhibited the expression of pro-apoptosis factors Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax and mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) markers HSP60 and ClpP in vivo and in vitro. Particularly, overexpression of FTO inhibited mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in adipocytes. Further studies revealed that FTO suppressed UPRmt by reducing HSP60 mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Moreover, FTO inhibited the activation of Caspase-3 via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in adipocytes. Further experiments showed that pro-apoptosis gene Bax was upregulated by UPRmt-activated PKR/eIF2α/ATF5 axis in adipocytes. In summary, this study confirms that FTO reduces adipocytes apoptosis by activiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting UPRmt, revealing a novel mechanism of FTO on adipocytes apoptosis, which provides some new potential therapy for treating obesity and related metabolic syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhentong Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yizhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Rabin Acharya
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, NO.22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He H, Yi L, Zhang B, Yan B, Xiao M, Ren J, Zi D, Zhu L, Zhong Z, Zhao X, Jin X, Xiong W. USP24-GSDMB complex promotes bladder cancer proliferation via activation of the STAT3 pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2417-2429. [PMID: 34326684 PMCID: PMC8315027 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.54442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is the fourth and tenth most common malignancy in men and women worldwide, respectively. One of the main reasons for the unsatisfactory therapeutic control of bladder cancer is that the molecular biological mechanism of bladder cancer is complex. Gasdermin B (GSDMB) is one member of the gasdermin family and participates in the regulation of cell pyroptosis. The role of GSDMB in bladder cancer has not been studied to date. Methods: TCGA database was used to exam the clinical relevance of GSDMB. Functional assays such as MTT assay, Celigo fluorescent cell-counting assay, Annexin V-APC assay and xenografts were used to evaluate the biological role of GSDMB in bladder cancer. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation were used to detect the protein interaction between GSDMB and STAT3, or GSDMB and USP24. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to study the relationship between USP24, GSDMB and STAT3. Results: In this study, bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mRNA expression level of GSDMB in bladder cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. Then, we showed that GSDMB promoted bladder cancer progression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GSDMB interacted with STAT3 to increase the phosphorylation of STAT3 and modulate the glucose metabolism and promote tumor growth in bladder cancer cells. Besides, we also showed that USP24 stabilized GSDMB to activate STAT3 signaling, which was blocked by the USP24 inhibitor. Conclusions: We suggested that aberrantly up-regulated GSDMB was responsible for enhancing the growth and invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. Then, we showed that GSDMB could bind to STAT3 and activate STAT3 signaling in bladder cancer. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that USP24 interacted with GSDMB and prevented GSDMB from degradation in bladder cancer cells. Therefore, the USP24/GSDMB/STAT3 axis may be a new targetable signaling pathway for bladder cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing He
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lu Yi
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Dong Zi
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Cheng Z, Xu J, Lai M, Liu L, Zuo M, Dang L. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) mediates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-drived resistance of breast cancer to doxorubicin. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1874-1889. [PMID: 34076564 PMCID: PMC8806322 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1924544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in breast cancer (BC) chemoresistance, but its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. There are STAT3 binding sites in fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) promoter region, thus STAT3 may regulate the transcription of FTO. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between FTO and STAT3 in BC chemoresistance. Herein, FTO and STAT3 were highly expressed in doxorubicin-resistant BC (BC-DoxR) cells. CHIP assay verified the binding between STAT3 and FTO promoter in BC-DoxR cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay showed that FTO promoter activity was inhibited by S3I-201 (STAT3 inhibitor) but enhanced by epidermal growth factor (EGF, STAT3 activator) in BC-DoxR and BC cells. FTO mRNA and protein expression were suppressed by S3I-201 in BC-DoxR cells and EGF-stimulated BC cells. Notably, FTO regulated total N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels in BC-DoxR and BC cells but could not affect STAT3 mRNA expression, indicating that FTO was not involved in the m6A modification of STAT3. However, FTO could activate STAT3 signaling in BC-DoxR and BC cells. Besides, FTO knockdown inhibited the doxorubicin resistance of BC-DoxR cells, while FTO overexpression enhanced the doxorubicin resistance and weakened the doxorubicin sensitivity of BC cells. Moreover, decreased doxorubicin resistance by STAT3 knockdown was abolished by FTO overexpression and decreased doxorubicin sensitivity by STAT3 overexpression was reversed by FTO knockdown, indicating that FTO was implicated in STAT3-mediated doxorubicin resistance and impairment of doxorubicin sensitivity of BC cells. Altogether, our findings provide a mechanism underlying BC doxorubicin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meina Lai
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumari N, Karmakar A, Ahamad Khan MM, Ganesan SK. The potential role of m6A RNA methylation in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108616. [PMID: 33979630 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, affects most diabetic individuals and has become the leading cause of vision loss. Metabolic memory associated with diabetes retains the risk of disease occurrence even after the termination of glycemic insult. Further, various limitations associated with its current diagnostic and treatment strategies like unavailability of early diagnostic and treatment methods, variation in treatment response from patient to patient, and cost-effectiveness have driven the need to find alternative solutions. Post-transcriptional epigenetic modification of RNA mainly, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is an emerging concept in the scientific community. It has an indispensable effect in various physiological and pathological conditions. m6A mediates its effect through the various reader, writer, and eraser proteins. Recent studies have shown the impact of m6A RNA modification on various disease conditions, including diabetes, but its role in diabetic retinopathy is still unclear. However, change in m6A levels has been observed in various prime aggravators of DR pathogenesis, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Further, various non-coding RNAs like microRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA are also associated with DR, and m6A has been shown to affect all these non-coding RNAs. This review is concerned with the possible mechanisms through which alteration in m6A modification of RNA can participate in the DR progression and pathogenesis and its expected role in metabolic memory phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aditi Karmakar
- Department of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Md Maqsood Ahamad Khan
- Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Ganesan
- Department of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; CSIR-IICB Translational Research Unit of Excellence (TRUE), Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The role of m 6A modification in physiology and disease. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:960. [PMID: 33162550 PMCID: PMC7649148 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Similar to DNA epigenetic modifications, multiple reversible chemical modifications on RNAs have been uncovered in a new layer of epigenetic modification. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a modification that occurs in ~30% transcripts, is dynamically regulated by writer complex (methylase) and eraser (RNA demethylase) proteins, and is recognized by reader (m6A-binding) proteins. The effects of m6A modification are reflected in the functional modulation of mRNA splicing, export, localization, translation, and stability by regulating RNA structure and interactions between RNA and RNA-binding proteins. This modulation is involved in a variety of physiological behaviors, including neurodevelopment, immunoregulation, and cellular differentiation. The disruption of m6A modulations impairs gene expression and cellular function and ultimately leads to diseases such as cancer, psychiatric disorders, and metabolic disease. This review focuses on the mechanisms and functions of m6A modification in a variety of physiological behaviors and diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Peng S, Xiao W, Ju D, Sun B, Hou N, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhao H, Gao C, Zhang S, Cao R, Li P, Huang H, Ma Y, Wang Y, Lai W, Ma Z, Zhang W, Huang S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Cai T, Zhao YL, Wang F, Nie Y, Zhi G, Yang YG, Zhang EE, Huang N. Identification of entacapone as a chemical inhibitor of FTO mediating metabolic regulation through FOXO1. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/488/eaau7116. [PMID: 30996080 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established the involvement of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which FTO regulates metabolism remains unknown. Here, we used a structure-based virtual screening of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to identify entacapone as a potential FTO inhibitor. Using structural and biochemical studies, we showed that entacapone directly bound to FTO and inhibited FTO activity in vitro. Furthermore, entacapone administration reduced body weight and lowered fasting blood glucose concentrations in diet-induced obese mice. We identified the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mRNA as a direct substrate of FTO, and demonstrated that entacapone elicited its effects on gluconeogenesis in the liver and thermogenesis in adipose tissues in mice by acting on an FTO-FOXO1 regulatory axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Peng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dapeng Ju
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baofa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nannan Hou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qianlan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunchun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ran Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huanwei Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongfen Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yankai Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weiyi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhixiong Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Song Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gang Zhi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eric Erquan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu J, Frazier K, Zhang J, Gan Z, Wang T, Zhong X. Emerging role of m 6 A RNA methylation in nutritional physiology and metabolism. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12942. [PMID: 31475777 PMCID: PMC7427634 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenine (m6 A) is the most prevalent type of internal RNA methylation in eukaryotic mRNA and plays critical roles in regulating gene expression for fundamental cellular processes and diverse physiological functions. Recent evidence indicates that m6 A methylation regulates physiology and metabolism, and m6 A has been increasingly implicated in a variety of human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer. Conversely, nutrition and diet can modulate or reverse m6 A methylation patterns on gene expression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the study of the m6 A methylation mechanisms and highlight the crosstalk between m6 A modification, nutritional physiology and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Katya Frazier
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago. Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
m 6A methylation modulates adipogenesis through JAK2-STAT3-C/EBPβ signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:796-806. [PMID: 31295563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, plays a vital role in regulating adipogenesis. However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal that deletion of m6A demethylase FTO in porcine and mouse preadipocytes inhibits adipogenesis through JAK2-STAT3-C/EBPβ signaling. Mechanistically, FTO deficiency suppresses JAK2 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to attenuated transcription of C/EBPβ, which is essential for the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. Using dual-luciferase assay, we validate that knockdown of FTO reduces expression of JAK2 in an m6A-dependent manner. Furthermore, we find that m6A "reader" protein YTHDF2 directly targets m6A-modified transcripts of JAK2 and accelerates mRNA decay, which results in decreased JAK2 expression and inactivated JAK2-STAT3-C/EBPβ signaling, thereby inhibiting adipogenesis. Collectively, our results provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of m6A methylation in post-transcriptional regulation of JAK2-STAT3-C/EBPβ signaling axis and highlight the crucial role of m6A modification and its modulators in adipogenesis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Meijer RI, Hoevenaars FPM, Serné EH, Yudkin JS, Kokhuis TJA, Weijers EM, van Hinsbergh VWM, Smulders YM, Eringa EC. JNK2 in myeloid cells impairs insulin's vasodilator effects in muscle during early obesity development through perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H364-H374. [PMID: 31149833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00663.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced vasodilator properties of insulin in obesity are caused by changes in perivascular adipose tissue and contribute to microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle. The causes of this dysfunction are unknown. The effects of a short-term Western diet on JNK2-expressing cells in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on insulin-induced vasodilation and perfusion of skeletal muscle were assessed. In vivo, 2 wk of Western diet (WD) reduced whole body insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion, determined using contrast ultrasonography during the hyperinsulinemic clamp. Ex vivo, WD triggered accumulation of PVAT in skeletal muscle and blunted its ability to facilitate insulin-induced vasodilation. Labeling of myeloid cells with green fluorescent protein identified bone marrow as a source of PVAT in muscle. To study whether JNK2-expressing inflammatory cells from bone marrow were involved, we transplanted JNK2-/- bone marrow to WT mice. Deletion of JNK2 in bone marrow rescued the vasodilator phenotype of PVAT during WD exposure. JNK2 deletion in myeloid cells prevented the WD-induced increase in F4/80 expression. Even though WD and JNK2 deletion resulted in specific changes in gene expression of PVAT; epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue; expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, or protein inhibitor of STAT1 was not affected. In conclusion, short-term Western diet triggers infiltration of JNK2-positive myeloid cells into PVAT, resulting in PVAT dysfunction, nonclassical inflammation, and loss of insulin-induced vasodilatation in vivo and ex vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that in the earliest phase of weight gain, changes in perivascular adipose tissue in muscle impair insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion. The hallmark of these changes is infiltration by inflammatory cells. Deletion of JNK2 from the bone marrow restores the function of perivascular adipose tissue to enhance insulin's vasodilator effects in muscle, showing that the bone marrow contributes to regulation of muscle perfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick I Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John S Yudkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J A Kokhuis
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M Weijers
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Twomey AJ, Berry DP, Evans RD, Doherty ML, Graham DA, Purfield DC. Genome-wide association study of endo-parasite phenotypes using imputed whole-genome sequence data in dairy and beef cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2019; 51:15. [PMID: 30999842 PMCID: PMC6471778 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-019-0457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative genetic studies suggest the existence of variation at the genome level that affects the ability of cattle to resist to parasitic diseases. The objective of the current study was to identify regions of the bovine genome that are associated with resistance to endo-parasites. METHODS Individual cattle records were available for Fasciola hepatica-damaged liver from 18 abattoirs. Deregressed estimated breeding values (EBV) for F. hepatica-damaged liver were generated for genotyped animals with a record for F. hepatica-damaged liver and for genotyped sires with a least one progeny record for F. hepatica-damaged liver; 3702 animals were available. In addition, individual cow records for antibody response to F. hepatica on 6388 genotyped dairy cows, antibody response to Ostertagia ostertagi on 8334 genotyped dairy cows and antibody response to Neospora caninum on 4597 genotyped dairy cows were adjusted for non-genetic effects. Genotypes were imputed to whole-sequence; after edits, 14,190,141 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 16,603,644 SNPs were available for cattle with deregressed EBV for F. hepatica-damaged liver and cows with an antibody response to a parasitic disease, respectively. Association analyses were undertaken using linear regression on one SNP at a time, in which a genomic relationship matrix accounted for the relationships between animals. RESULTS Genomic regions for F. hepatica-damaged liver were located on Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 1, 8, 11, 16, 17 and 18; each region included at least one SNP with a p value lower than 10-6. Five SNPs were identified as significant (q value < 0.05) for antibody response to N. caninum and were located on BTA21 or 25. For antibody response to F. hepatica and O. ostertagi, six and nine quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions that included at least one SNP with a p value lower than 10-6 were identified, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a significant association between functional annotations related to the olfactory system and QTL that were suggestively associated with endo-parasite phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS A number of novel genomic regions were suggestively associated with endo-parasite phenotypes across the bovine genome and two genomic regions on BTA21 and 25 were associated with antibody response to N. caninum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Twomey
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Ross D Evans
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael L Doherty
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, Ireland
| | - Deirdre C Purfield
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun L, Ma L, Zhang H, Cao Y, Wang C, Hou N, Huang N, von Deneen KM, Zhao C, Shi Y, Pan Y, Wang M, Ji G, Nie Y. Fto Deficiency Reduces Anxiety- and Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice via Alterations in Gut Microbiota. Theranostics 2019; 9:721-733. [PMID: 30809304 PMCID: PMC6376469 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and obesity have high concurrence within individuals, which may be explained by sharing the same risk factors, including disruption of the intestinal microbiota. However, evidence that delineated the causal connections is extremely scarce. Methods: Mice lacking fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (Fto) were generated. Fto-deficient and wild-type control mice were subjected to novel conditions with or without chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks. Some mice were treated with antibiotics via their drinking water for 6 weeks in order to deplete their microbiota. Behavioral tests were performed to evaluate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing were employed to analyse fecal microbiota. Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were also compared. Results: Deletion of Fto led to lower body weight and decreased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, Fto+/- mice were also less susceptible to stress stimulation, highlighting the essential role of Fto in pathogenesis of depression. With regard to gut microbiota, Fto deficiency mice harbored specific bacterial signature of suppressing inflammation, characterized with higher abundance of Lactobacillus, lower Porphyromonadaceae and Helicobacter. Critically, behavioral alterations of Fto+/- mice are mediated by shift in gut microbiota, as such changes can be partially attenuated using antibiotics. Exposure to CUMS increased serum IL-6 level while Fto deficiency reduced its level, which may be explained by a lower LPS concentration. Conclusion: Together, our findings uncover the roles of Fto on depression and provide insights into microbiota-related biological mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an, 710032, China
| | - Lanjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Nannan Hou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Number 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, MI 102206, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Number 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, MI 102206, China
| | - Karen M. von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Changhai Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an, 710032, China
| | - Yupeng Shi
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Ji
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fat Mass and Obesity Associated ( FTO) Gene and Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111600. [PMID: 30388740 PMCID: PMC6266206 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Common genetic variants of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene are strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. FTO is ubiquitously expressed. Earlier studies have focused on the role of hypothalamic FTO in the regulation of metabolism. However, recent studies suggest that expression of hepatic FTO is regulated by metabolic signals, such as nutrients and hormones, and altered FTO levels in the liver affect glucose and lipid metabolism. This review outlines recent findings on hepatic FTO in the regulation of metabolism, with particular focus on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. It is proposed that abnormal activity of hepatic signaling pathways involving FTO links metabolic impairments such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, a better understanding of these pathways may lead to therapeutic approaches to treat these metabolic diseases by targeting hepatic FTO. The overall goal of this review is to place FTO within the context of hepatic regulation of metabolism.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen J, Zhu Q, Liu G, Yang X, Zhao S, Chen W, Wu Z, Wu N, Qiu G. Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated (FTO) Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Risk of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chinese Han Population: A Case Control Study. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5598-5609. [PMID: 30099472 PMCID: PMC6103244 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate whether the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms are associated with risk of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) in a largest Chinese Han population. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were 502 IDD patients and 497 healthy controls enrolled in this study. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FTO gene were tested using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, followed by allelic, genotypic, haplotypic association, and SNP interaction analyses were used for SNP evaluation. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database was used to evaluate expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) value of polymorphism. Spearman rank correlation and logistic regression analyses were used for assessing the internal relation between genotypic changes and the risk of IDD. RESULTS Seventeen SNPs survived the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. Allelic analysis showed that allele T of SNP rs1121980 was a risk allele. Haplotypic and SNP interaction analyses suggested that 2 haplotypes and 5 SNP combinations were associated with the predisposition of IDD respectively. GTEx database revealed that the SNP rs1121980 might interfere with the expression of the FTO gene in the muscle-skeletal system. Through clinical statistics analysis, the different genotypes of rs1121980 can present different disease severity of IDD. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that rs1121980 can become a biomarker for the screening and prognosis of IDD. The 2 haplotype blocks and 5 SNP-SNP combinations that we discovered might be indicative of the onset of IDD. Therefore, our study might serve as evidence for future IDD molecular diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qiankun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland).,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xinzhuang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Weisheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland).,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Department of Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland).,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland).,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China (mainland).,Medical Research Center of Orthopedics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khella MS, Hamdy NM, Amin AI, El-Mesallamy HO. The (FTO) gene polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome risk in Egyptian females: a case- control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:101. [PMID: 28915859 PMCID: PMC5603034 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Variations within fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene had crosstalk with obesity risk in European and some Asian populations. This study was designed to investigate FTO rs9939609 association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as biochemical parameters as plasma glucose, serum triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and transaminases enzymes in Arab female population from Egypt. Methods In order to achieve that, FTO gene rs9939609 (A < T) was genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay in a total of 197 females which were enrolled in this study. Fasting levels of serum insulin, lipid profile and plasma glucose, in addition to liver transaminases were measured. The association between the genotype distribution and MetS risk was evaluated using Chi-square and logistic regression tests in a case-control design under different genetic models. Results The association of genotype distribution with MetS was significant (χ2 = 8.6/P = 0.014) with an increased odds ratio under dominant model (OR = 1.97, P = 0.029 and 95%C.I = 1.07–3.6) and recessive model (OR = 2.95, P = 0.017 and 95%C.I = 1.22–7.22). Moreover, (AA) subjects showed significant lower HDL-C levels (P = 0.009) when compared to (TT) ones. In addition, interestingly subjects with (AA) genotype have significantly higher ALT levels (P = 0.02) that remained significant after correction of major confounders as body mass index and serum triacylglycerols but not after conservative Bonferroni adjustment. Conclusions The present study shows for first time that FTO gene rs9939609 is genetic risk factor for metabolic syndrome in Egyptian population which may help in understanding the biology of this complex syndrome and highlighted that this association may be through HDL-C component. The association of this genetic polymorphism with ALT levels needs to be studied in other populations with larger sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina S Khella
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ashraf I Amin
- Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Department, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala O El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Genetic, dietary, and non-dietary risk factors of obesity among preparatory-year female students at Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
The α' subunit of β-conglycinin and various glycinin subunits of soy are not required to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism in rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1157-1168. [PMID: 28324208 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effect of soy proteins with depletion of different subunits of the two major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, on hepatic lipids and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in rats, since the bioactive component of soy responsible for lipid-lowering is unclear. METHODS Weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 20% casein protein in the absence (casein) or presence (casein + ISF) of isoflavones or 20% alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI) or 20% soy protein concentrates derived from a conventional (Haro) or 2 soybean lines lacking the α' subunit of β-conglycinin and the A1-3 (1TF) or A1-5 (1a) subunits of glycinin. After 8 weeks, the rats were necropsied and liver proteins and lipids were extracted and analysed. RESULTS The results showed that soy protein diets reduced lipid droplet accumulation and content in the liver compared to casein diets. The soy protein diets also decreased the level of hepatic mature SREBP-1 and FAS in males, with significant decreases in diets 1TF and 1a compared to the casein diets. The effect of the soy protein diets on female hepatic mature SREBP-1, FAS, and HMGCR was confounded since casein + ISF decreased these levels compared to casein alone perhaps muting the decrease by soy protein. A reduction in both phosphorylated and total STAT3 in female livers by ISF may account for the gender difference in mechanism in the regulation and protein expression of the lipid modulators. CONCLUSIONS Overall, soy protein deficient in the α' subunit of β-conglycinin and A1-5 subunits of glycinin maintain similar hypolipidemic function compared to the conventional soy protein. The exact bioactive component(s) warrant identification.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang Y, Liu B, Xia W, Yan J, Liu HY, Hu L, Liu SM. FTO Genotype and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Spatial Analysis and Meta-Analysis of 62 Case-Control Studies from Different Regions. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E70. [PMID: 28208657 PMCID: PMC5333059 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem that results from the interaction of environmental factors with genetic variants. Although a number of studies have suggested that genetic polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are associated with T2DM risk, the results have been inconsistent. To investigate whether FTO polymorphisms associate with T2DM risk and whether this association is region-related, we performed this spatial analysis and meta-analysis. More than 60,000 T2DM patients and 90,000 controls from 62 case-control studies were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Moran's I statistic were used to estimate the association between FTO rs9939609, rs8050136, rs1421085, and rs17817499, and T2DM risk in different regions. rs9939609 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.19) and rs8050136 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.10-1.18) conferred a predisposition to T2DM. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), the association remained statistically significant for rs9939609 (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.17) and rs8050136 (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.12). In the subgroup analysis of rs9939609 and rs8050136, similar results were observed in East Asia, while no association was found in North America. In South Asia, an association for rs9939609 was revealed but not for rs8050136. In addition, no relationship was found with rs1421085 or rs17817499 regardless of adjustment for BMI. Moran's I statistic showed that significant positive spatial autocorrelations existed in rs9939609 and rs8050136. Studies on rs9939609 and rs8050136 focused on East Asia and South Asia, whereas studies on rs1421085 and rs17817499 were distributed in North America and North Africa. Our data suggest that the associations between FTO rs9939609, rs8050136 and T2DM are region-related, and the two single-nucleotide polymorphisms contribute to an increased risk of T2DM. Future studies should investigate this issue in more regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Geography, Wilkeson Hall, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA.
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Hubei Meteorological Information and Technology Support Center, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Huan-Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China.
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169#, Wuhan 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mizuno TM, Lew PS, Luo Y, Leckstrom A. Negative regulation of hepatic fat mass and obesity associated (Fto) gene expression by insulin. Life Sci 2017; 170:50-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Zhu D, Zhang N, Zhou X, Zhang M, Liu Z, Liu X. Cichoric acid regulates the hepatic glucose homeostasis via AMPK pathway and activates the antioxidant response in high glucose-induced hepatocyte injury. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25901d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CA regulates hepatic glucose homeostasisviathe AMPK pathway and improves hepatocyte injuryviaantioxidant responsein vitroandin vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu M, Huang Y, Xie L, Peng K, Ding L, Lin L, Wang P, Hao M, Chen Y, Sun Y, Qi L, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y. Diabetes and Risk of Arterial Stiffness: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Diabetes 2016; 65:1731-40. [PMID: 26953161 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the causal association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased arterial stiffness. We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in 11,385 participants from a well-defined community study in Shanghai during 2011-2013. We genotyped 34 T2D-associated common variants identified in East Asians and created a genetic risk score (GRS). We assessed arterial stiffness noninvasively with the measurement of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). We used the instrumental variable (IV) estimator to qualify the causal relationship between T2D and increased arterial stiffness. We found each 1-SD increase in T2D_GRS was associated with 6% higher risk in increased arterial stiffness (95% CI 1.01, 1.12), after adjustment of other metabolic confounders. Using T2D_GRS as the IV, we demonstrated a causal relationship between T2D and arterial stiffening (odds ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.06, 1.47; P = 0.008). When categorizing the genetic loci according to their effect on insulin secretion or resistance, we found genetically determined decrease in insulin secretion was associated with increase in baPWV (βIV = 122.3 cm/s, 95% CI 41.9, 204.6; P = 0.0005). In conclusion, our results provide evidence supporting a causal association between T2D and increased arterial stiffness in a Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Po Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingli Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Systems Biology Research Center, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Weiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, and Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Differential effects of leptin on adiponectin expression with weight gain versus obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:266-74. [PMID: 26374448 PMCID: PMC4747836 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective Adiponectin exerts beneficial effects by reducing inflammation, and improving lipid metabolism and insulin-sensitivity. Although adiponectin is lower in obese individuals, whether weight gain reduces adiponectin expression in humans is controversial. We sought to investigate the role of weight gain, and consequent changes in leptin, on altering adiponectin expression in humans. Methods/Results Forty four normal-weight healthy subjects were recruited (mean age 29 years; 14 women) and randomized to either gain 5% of body weight by 8-weeks of overfeeding (n=34) or maintain weight (n=10). Modest weight gain of 3.8 ± 1.2 kg resulted in increased adiponectin (p=0.03) while weight maintenance resulted in no changes in adiponectin. Further, changes in adiponectin correlated positively with changes in leptin (p=0.0085). In-vitro experiments using differentiated human white preadipocytes showed that leptin increased adiponectin mRNA and protein expression, while a leptin-antagonist had opposite effects. To understand the role of leptin in established obesity, we compared adipose tissue samples obtained from normal weight versus obese subjects. We noted, first, that leptin activated cellular signaling pathways and increased adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue from normal-weight participants, but did not do so in adipose tissue from obese participants; and second, that obese subjects had increased caveolin-1 expression, which attenuates leptin-dependent increases in adiponectin. Conclusions Modest weight gain in healthy individuals is associated with increases in adiponectin, which correlate positively with changes in leptin. In-vitro, leptin induces adiponectin expression which is attenuated by increased caveolin-1 expression. Additionally, adipose tissue from obese subjects shows increased caveolin-1 expression, and impaired leptin signaling. This leptin signal impairment may prevent concordant increases in adiponectin in obese subjects despite their high levels of leptin. Therefore, impaired leptin signaling may contribute to low adiponectin expression in obesity and may provide a target for increasing adiponectin expression, hence improving insulin sensitivity and cardio-metabolic profile in obesity.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mazzucco MB, Fornes D, Capobianco E, Higa R, Jawerbaum A, White V. Maternal saturated-fat-rich diet promotes leptin resistance in fetal liver lipid catabolism and programs lipid homeostasis impairments in the liver of rat offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 27:61-9. [PMID: 26383539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze if an overload of saturated fat in maternal diet induced lipid metabolic impairments in livers from rat fetuses that persist in the offspring and to identify potential mechanisms involving fetal leptin resistance. Female rats were fed either a diet enriched in 25% of saturated fat (SFD rats) or a regular diet (controls). Fetuses of 21days of gestation and offspring of 21 and 140days of age were obtained and plasma and liver were kept for further analysis. Livers from a group of control and SFD fetuses were cultured in the presence or absence of leptin. Leptin or vehicle was administered to control fetuses during the last days of gestation and, on day 21, fetal livers and plasma were obtained. Lipid levels were assessed by thin-layer chromatography and mRNA gene expression of CPT1, ACO and PPARα by RT-PCR. Liver lipid levels were increased and CPT1 and ACO were down-regulated in fetuses and offspring from SFD rats compared to controls. After the culture with leptin, control fetal livers showed increased ACO and CPT1 expression and decreased lipid levels, while fetal livers from SFD rats showed no changes. Fetal administration of leptin induced a decrease in ACO and no changes in CPT1 expression. In summary, our results suggest that a saturated fat overload in maternal diet induces fetal leptin resistance in liver lipid catabolism, which might be contributing to liver lipid alterations that are sustained in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Mazzucco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Higa
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica White
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 1053 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang M, Zhang Y, Ma J, Guo F, Cao Q, Zhang Y, Zhou B, Chai J, Zhao W, Zhao R. The Demethylase Activity of FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Protein) Is Required for Preadipocyte Differentiation. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218273 PMCID: PMC4517749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
FTO (fat mass and obesity associated gene) was genetically identified to be associated with body mass index (BMI), presumably through functional regulation of energy homeostasis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which FTO functions remain largely unknown. Using 3T3-L1 preadipocyte as a model to study the role of FTO in adipogenesis, we demonstrated that FTO is functionally required for 3T3-L1 differentiation. FTO knock-down with siRNA inhibited preadipocyte differentiation, whereas ectopic over-expression of FTO enhanced the process. The demethylase activity of FTO is required for differentiation. Level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is decreased in cells over-expressing FTO. In contrast, overexpression of R96Q, a FTO missense mutant lack of demethylase activity, had no effect on cellular m6A level and impeded differentiation. Treatment with Rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, could overcome the differentiation inhibition imposed by R96Q mutant, suggesting the effect of FTO is mediated through PPARγ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meizi Zhang
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feima Guo
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Renbin Zhao
- Space Biology Research and Technology Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Space Biology, Beijing, 100190, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Seim I, Ma S, Zhou X, Gerashchenko MV, Lee SG, Suydam R, George JC, Bickham JW, Gladyshev VN. The transcriptome of the bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus reveals adaptations of the longest-lived mammal. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:879-99. [PMID: 25411232 PMCID: PMC4247388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammals vary dramatically in lifespan, by at least two-orders of magnitude, but the molecular basis for this difference remains largely unknown. The bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus is the longest-lived mammal known, with an estimated maximal lifespan in excess of two hundred years. It is also one of the two largest animals and the most cold-adapted baleen whale species. Here, we report the first genome-wide gene expression analyses of the bowhead whale, based on the de novo assembly of its transcriptome. Bowhead whale or cetacean-specific changes in gene expression were identified in the liver, kidney and heart, and complemented with analyses of positively selected genes. Changes associated with altered insulin signaling and other gene expression patterns could help explain the remarkable longevity of bowhead whales as well as their adaptation to a lipid-rich diet. The data also reveal parallels in candidate longevity adaptations of the bowhead whale, naked mole rat and Brandt's bat. The bowhead whale transcriptome is a valuable resource for the study of this remarkable animal, including the evolution of longevity and its important correlates such as resistance to cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Seim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxim V Gerashchenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Suydam
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | - John C George
- Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Barrow, AK 99723, USA
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Silvestri C, Paris D, Martella A, Melck D, Guadagnino I, Cawthorne M, Motta A, Di Marzo V. Two non-psychoactive cannabinoids reduce intracellular lipid levels and inhibit hepatosteatosis. J Hepatol 2015; 62:1382-90. [PMID: 25595882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity and associated metabolic syndrome have quickly become a pandemic and a major detriment to global human health. The presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; hepatosteatosis) in obesity has been linked to the worsening of the metabolic syndrome, including the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Currently, there are few options to treat NAFLD, including life style changes and insulin sensitizers. Recent evidence suggests that the cannabinoids Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and cannabidiol (CBD) improve insulin sensitivity; we aimed at studying their effects on lipid levels. METHODS The effects of THCV and CBD on lipid levels were examined in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems, with special emphasis on models of hepatosteatosis. Transcriptional, post-translational and metabolomic changes were assayed. RESULTS THCV and CBD directly reduce accumulated lipid levels in vitro in a hepatosteatosis model and adipocytes. Nuclear magnetic resonance- (NMR) based metabolomics confirmed these results and further identified specific metabolic changes in THCV and CBD-treated hepatocytes. Treatment also induced post-translational changes in a variety of proteins such as CREB, PRAS40, AMPKa2 and several STATs indicating increased lipid metabolism and, possibly, mitochondrial activity. These results are supported by in vivo data from zebrafish and obese mice indicating that these cannabinoids are able to increase yolk lipid mobilization and inhibit the development of hepatosteatosis respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that THCV and CBD might be used as new therapeutic agents for the pharmacological treatment of obesity- and metabolic syndrome-related NAFLD/hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristoforo Silvestri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Martella
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dominique Melck
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Guadagnino
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mike Cawthorne
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Clore Laboratory, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sobočanec S, Šarić A, Mačak Šafranko Ž, Popović Hadžija M, Abramić M, Balog T. The role of 17β-estradiol in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes via the Nrf2–Keap1 pathway in the livers of CBA/H mice. Life Sci 2015; 130:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
A cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the fat mass and obesity related (FTO) gene were the first common variants discovered to be associated with body mass index and body fatness. This review summarises what has been later discovered about the biology of FTO drawing together information from both human and animal studies. Subsequent work showed that the 'at risk' alleles of these SNPs are associated with greater food intake and increased hunger/lowered satiety, but are not associated with altered resting energy expenditure or low physical activity in humans. FTO is an FE (II) and 2-oxoglutarate dependent DNA/RNA methylase. Contrasting the impact of the SNPs on energy balance in humans, knocking out or reducing activity of the Fto gene in the mouse resulted in lowered adiposity, elevated energy expenditure with no impact on food intake (but the impact on expenditure is disputed). In contrast, overexpression of the gene in mice led to elevated food intake and adiposity, with no impact on expenditure. In rodents, the Fto gene is widely expressed in the brain including hypothalamic nuclei linked to food intake regulation. Since its activity is 2-oxoglutarate dependent it could potentially act as a sensor of citrate acid cycle flux, but this function has been dismissed, and instead it has been suggested to be much more likely to act as an amino acid sensor, linking circulating AAs to the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. This may be fundamental to its role in development but the link to obesity is less clear. It has been recently suggested that although the obesity related SNPs reside in the first intron of FTO, they may not only impact FTO but mediate their obesity effects via nearby genes (notably RPGRIP1L and IRX3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen xilu, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Merkestein M, Sellayah D. Role of FTO in Adipocyte Development and Function: Recent Insights. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:521381. [PMID: 26788058 PMCID: PMC4695642 DOI: 10.1155/2015/521381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2007, FTO was identified as the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) gene associated with obesity in humans. Since then, various animal models have served to establish the mechanistic basis behind this association. Many earlier studies focussed on FTO's effects on food intake via central mechanisms. Emerging evidence, however, implicates adipose tissue development and function in the causal relationship between perturbations in FTO expression and obesity. The purpose of this mini review is to shed light on these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue and present a clearer picture of its impact on obesity susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrte Merkestein
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Dyan Sellayah
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, UK
- *Dyan Sellayah:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rodrigues SC, Pantaleão LC, Nogueira TC, Gomes PR, Albuquerque GG, Nachbar RT, Torres-Leal FL, Caperuto LC, Lellis-Santos C, Anhê GF, Bordin S. Selective regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in late-pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1146-56. [PMID: 25163923 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00513.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays an essential role in maternal metabolic adaptation during late pregnancy. With regard to lipid metabolism, increased secretion of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is characteristic of late pregnancy. Despite this well-described metabolic plasticity, the molecular changes underlying the hepatic adaptation to pregnancy remain unclear. As AMPK is a key intracellular energy sensor, we investigated whether this protein assumes a causal role in the hepatic adaptation to pregnancy. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) for 5 days starting at gestational day 14. At the end of treatment, the rats were subjected to an intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test and in situ liver perfusion with pyruvate. The livers were processed for Western blot analysis, quantitative PCR, thin-layer chromatography, enzymatic activity, and glycogen content measurements. Blood biochemical profiles were also assessed. We found that AMPK and ACC phosphorylation were reduced in the livers of pregnant rats in parallel with a reduced level of hepatic gluconeogenesis of pyruvate. This effect was accompanied by both a reduction in the levels of hepatic triglycerides (TG) and an increase in circulating levels of TG. Treatment with AICAR restored hepatic levels of TG to those observed in nonpregnant rats. Additionally, AMPK activation reduced the upregulation of genes related to VLDL synthesis and secretion observed in the livers of pregnant rats. We conclude that the increased secretion of hepatic TG in late pregnancy is concurrent with a transcriptional profile that favors VLDL production. This transcriptional profile results from the reduction in hepatic AMPK activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pantaleão
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane C Nogueira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Albuquerque
- School of Education, Sciences, Arts and Humanities, University of Grande Rio, Grande Rio, Brazil
| | - Renato T Nachbar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco L Torres-Leal
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Camilo Lellis-Santos
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Bordin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Merkestein M, McTaggart JS, Lee S, Kramer HB, McMurray F, Lafond M, Boutens L, Cox R, Ashcroft FM. Changes in gene expression associated with FTO overexpression in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97162. [PMID: 24842286 PMCID: PMC4026227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the first intron of the fat-mass-and-obesity-related gene FTO are associated with increased body weight and adiposity. Increased expression of FTO is likely underlying this obesity phenotype, as mice with two additional copies of Fto (FTO-4 mice) exhibit increased adiposity and are hyperphagic. FTO is a demethylase of single stranded DNA and RNA, and one of its targets is the m6A modification in RNA, which might play a role in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, we aimed to examine the changes in gene expression that occur in FTO-4 mice in order to gain more insight into the underlying mechanisms by which FTO influences body weight and adiposity. Our results indicate an upregulation of anabolic pathways and a downregulation of catabolic pathways in FTO-4 mice. Interestingly, although genes involved in methylation were differentially regulated in skeletal muscle of FTO-4 mice, no effect of FTO overexpression on m6A methylation of total mRNA was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrte Merkestein
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy; and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James S. McTaggart
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy; and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Lee
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy; and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holger B. Kramer
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy; and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona McMurray
- Medical Research Council Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde Lafond
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy; and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lily Boutens
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy; and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Cox
- Medical Research Council Harwell, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Harwell, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. Ashcroft
- Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy; and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|