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Lazzari CR. Why do repellents repel? CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 66:101277. [PMID: 39332619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Repellents are used by humans and by animals to protect themselves from bites, and they contribute controlling the transmission of vector-borne diseases. There are numerous chemical formulations of both natural and synthetic origins, as well as electronic devices, that are commercially available worldwide alleged to provide personal protection against insect bites. Not all insect repellents are effective enough to provide real protection, nor are they considered safe for humans, animals or the environment. There is an urgent need to find novel, nontoxic and environmentally friendly alternatives. However, current efforts in this direction face a major obstacle: our understanding of how they keep away mosquitoes and other biting arthropods remains incomplete. This is also true for DEET, the 'gold standard' of repellents and the most widely used since its discovery in the 1940s. This article aims to guide the search for new repellents by discussing our current knowledge and future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio R Lazzari
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR CNRS 7261 - University of Tours, France.
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2
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Schmidt TL, Endersby-Harshman NM, van Rooyen ARJ, Katusele M, Vinit R, Robinson LJ, Laman M, Karl S, Hoffmann AA. Global, asynchronous partial sweeps at multiple insecticide resistance genes in Aedes mosquitoes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6251. [PMID: 39048545 PMCID: PMC11269687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) and Ae. albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) are globally invasive pests that confer the world's dengue burden. Insecticide-based management has led to the evolution of insecticide resistance in both species, though the genetic architecture and geographical spread of resistance remains incompletely understood. This study investigates partial selective sweeps at resistance genes on two chromosomes and characterises their spread across populations. Sweeps at the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) gene on chromosome 3 correspond to one resistance-associated nucleotide substitution in Ae. albopictus and three in Ae. aegypti, including two substitutions at the same nucleotide position (F1534C) that have evolved and spread independently. In Ae. aegypti, we also identify partial sweeps at a second locus on chromosome 2. This locus contains 15 glutathione S-transferase (GST) epsilon class genes with significant copy number variation among populations and where three distinct genetic backgrounds have spread across the Indo-Pacific region, the Americas, and Australia. Local geographical patterns and linkage networks indicate VSSC and GST backgrounds probably spread at different times and interact locally with different genes to produce resistance phenotypes. These findings highlight the rapid global spread of resistance and are evidence for the critical importance of GST genes in resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Schmidt
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | | | | | - Michelle Katusele
- PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Rebecca Vinit
- PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Leanne J Robinson
- PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Moses Laman
- PNG Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Stephan Karl
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
- Burnet Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Özokan G, Bilginer A, Mızrak Z, Işıkoğlu S, Beler M, Ünal İ, Cansız D, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Comparison of the cytotoxicity and zebrafish embryo toxicity of insect repellent ingredients: p-Menthane-3,8-diol synthesized by green chemistry from Eucalyptus citriodora and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38738628 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2350664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Bio-sourced insect repellents are becoming more popular due to their safer applications. Known for its strong fly-repellent property, Cis, trans-para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) is the main component of the lemon eucalyptus essential oil and is synthesized from citronellal. In April 2005, US Centers for Disease Control approved two fly repellents that do not contain N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), including PMD. Due to the intentional and pervasive human exposure caused by DEET as insect repellent, concerns have been raised about its toxicological profile and potential harm to people. We hypothesized PMD would have a different toxicological profile than DEET. We synthesized PMD from Eucalyptus citriodora using green chemistry methods and analyzed its structures by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR, and GC/MS spectral methods. We used MTS assay to determine the percentage inhibition of PMD and DEET on keratinocyte (human epidermal keratinocyte [HaCaT]) cells. The xCelligence system was used and followed at real time. Effects of PMD and DEET on zebrafish embryo development were monitored and levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were evaluated at 72 h post-fertilization using spectrophotometric methods. Our results showed that while DEET inhibited human keratinocyte cell growth, while imporved cell viability and proliferation was exposed in PMD exposed group. In zebrafish embryos, PMD was less toxic in terms of development, oxidant-antioxidant status, and AChE activities than DEET. Based on these results we suggest an efficient method using green chemistry for the synthesis of PMD, which is found to be less toxic in zebrafish embryos and human keratinocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Özokan
- BioArge Laboratories, Yıldız Technical University Technocity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkerim Bilginer
- BioArge Laboratories, Yıldız Technical University Technocity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zülal Mızrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semanur Işıkoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ünal
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansız
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Fernandes AS, Bragança I, Homem V. Personal care products in soil-plant and hydroponic systems: Uptake, translocation, and accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168894. [PMID: 38036128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are organic compounds that are incorporated in several daily life products, such as shampoos, lotions, perfumes, cleaning products, air fresheners, etc. Due to their massive and continuous use and because they are not routinely monitored in the environment, these compounds are considered emerging contaminants. In fact, residues of PCPs are being discharged into the sewage system, reaching wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where most of these compounds are not completely degraded, being partially released into the environment via the final effluents and/or accumulating in the sewage sludges. Environmental sustainability is nowadays one of the main pillars of society and the application of circular economy models, promoting the waste valorisation, is increasingly encouraged. Therefore, irrigation with reclaimed wastewater or soil fertilization with sewage sludge/biosolids are interesting solutions. However, these practices raise concerns due to the potential risks associated to the presence of hazardous compounds, including PCPs. When applied to agricultural soils, PCPs present in these matrices can contaminate the soil or be taken up by crops. Crops can therefore become a route of exposure for humans and pose a risk to public health. However, the extent to which PCPs are taken up and bioaccumulated in crops is highly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the compounds, environmental variables, and the plant species. This issue has attracted the attention of scientists in recent years and the number of publications on this topic has rapidly increased, but a systematic review of these studies is lacking. Therefore, the present paper reviews the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of different classes of PCPs (biocides, parabens, synthetic musks, phthalates, UV-filters) following application of sewage sludge or reclaimed water under field and greenhouse conditions, but also in hydroponic systems. The factors influencing the uptake mechanism in plants were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Fernandes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Idalina Bragança
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Batume C, Mulongo IM, Ludlow R, Ssebaale J, Randerson P, Pickett JA, Mukisa IM, Scofield S. Evaluating repellence properties of catnip essential oil against the mosquito species Aedes aegypti using a Y-tube olfactometer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2269. [PMID: 38280895 PMCID: PMC10821859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.) is known to act as a vector in the transmission of various diseases, including dengue fever and yellow fever. The use of insect repellents is one of precautionary measures used to mitigate the risk of these diseases in humans by reducing mosquito biting. Nepetalactone, a potent natural insect repellent primarily found in catnip (Nepeta cataria) essential oil, has emerged as a promising candidate for mosquito repellence. Here, we evaluated the potential of catnip essential oil (> 95% nepetalactone) for use as a mosquito repellent. Using a Y-tube olfactometer and human hands as an attractant, we analysed the effectiveness of catnip oil at repelling the mosquito species Aedes aegypti. We tested a range of dilutions of catnip essential oil and found that concentrations as low as 2% were effective at repelling > 70% of mosquitoes for between one and four hours after repellent application. These findings suggest that nepetalactone could potentially be used as a natural, effective alternative to synthetic mosquito repellents, thereby offering protection against vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Batume
- Department of Entomology, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan M Mukisa
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Chronister BN, Yang K, Yang AR, Lin T, Tu XM, Lopez-Paredes D, Checkoway H, Suarez-Torres J, Gahagan S, Martinez D, Barr D, Moore RC, Suarez-Lopez JR. Urinary Glyphosate, 2,4-D and DEET Biomarkers in Relation to Neurobehavioral Performance in Ecuadorian Adolescents in the ESPINA Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107007. [PMID: 37819080 PMCID: PMC10566341 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbicides are the most used class of pesticides worldwide, and insect repellents are widely used globally. Yet, there is a dearth of studies characterizing the associations between these chemical groups and human neurobehavior. Experimental studies suggest that glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicides can affect neurobehavior and the cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways in the brain. We aim to assess whether herbicides and insect repellents are associated with neurobehavioral performance in adolescents. METHODS We assessed 519 participants (11-17 years of age) living in agricultural communities in Ecuador. We quantified urinary concentrations of glyphosate, 2,4-D, and two N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) insect repellent metabolites [3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA) and 3-(ethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (ECBA)] using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. We assessed neurobehavioral performance using 9 subtests across 5 domains (attention/inhibitory control, memory/learning, language, visuospatial processing, and social perception). We characterized the associations using generalized estimating equations and multiple imputation for metabolites below detection limits. Models were adjusted for demographic and anthropometric characteristics, urinary creatinine, and sexual maturation. Mediation by salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17 β -estradiol , and testosterone was assessed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The mean of each neurobehavioral domain score was between 7.0 and 8.7 [standard deviation (SD) range: 2.0-2.3]. Glyphosate was detected in 98.3% of participants, 2,4-D in 66.2%, DCBA in 63.3%, and ECBA in 33.4%. 2,4-D was negatively associated with all neurobehavioral domains, but statistically significant associations were observed with attention/inhibition [score difference per 50% higher metabolite concentration ( β ) = - 0.19 95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.31 , - 0.07 ], language [β = - 0.12 (95% CI: - 0.23 , - 0.01 )], and memory/learning [β = - 0.11 (95% CI: - 0.22 , 0.01)]. Glyphosate had a statistically significant negative association only with social perception [β = - 0.08 (95% CI: - 0.14 , - 0.01 )]. DEET metabolites were not associated with neurobehavioral performance. Mediation by gender and adrenal hormones was not observed. CONCLUSION This study describes worse neurobehavioral performance associated with herbicide exposures in adolescents, particularly with 2,4-D. Replication of these findings among other pediatric and adult populations is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N.C. Chronister
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Audrey R. Yang
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tuo Lin
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xin M. Tu
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Harvey Checkoway
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Dana Barr
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raeanne C. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jose R. Suarez-Lopez
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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7
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Dawdani S, O'Neill M, Castillo C, Sámano JEM, Higo H, Ibrahim A, Pernal SF, Plettner E. Effects of dialkoxybenzenes against Varroa destructor and identification of 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene as a promising acaricide candidate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11195. [PMID: 37433810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The honey bee is responsible for pollination of a large proportion of crop plants, but the health of honey bee populations has been challenged by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. Mite infestation is the main cause of colony losses during the winter months, which causes significant economic challenges in apiculture. Treatments have been developed to control the spread of varroa. However, many of these treatments are no longer effective due to acaricide resistance. In a search of varroa-active compounds, we tested the effect of dialkoxybenzenes on the mite. A structure-activity relationship revealed that 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene is most active of a series of dialkoxybenzenes tested. We found that three compounds (1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene, 1,4-diallyloxybenzene and 1,4-dipropoxybenzene) cause paralysis and death of adult varroa mites, whereas the previously discovered compound, 1,3-diethoxybenzene, which alters host choice of adult mites in certain conditions, did not cause paralysis. Since paralysis can be caused by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a ubiquitous enzyme in the nervous system of animals, we tested dialkoxybenzenes on human, honey bee and varroa AChE. These tests revealed that 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene had no effects on AChE, which leads us to conclude that 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene does not exert its paralytic effect on mites through AChE. In addition to paralysis, the most active compounds affected the ability of the mites to find and remain at the abdomen of host bees provided during assays. A test of 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene in the field, during the autumn of 2019 in two locations, showed that this compound has promise in the treatment of varroa infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soniya Dawdani
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 Univ. Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marissa O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 Univ. Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Carlos Castillo
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, P.O. Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB, T0H 0C0, Canada
| | - Jorge E Macias Sámano
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 Univ. Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Heather Higo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 Univ. Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, P.O. Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB, T0H 0C0, Canada
| | - Stephen F Pernal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, P.O. Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB, T0H 0C0, Canada
| | - Erika Plettner
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 Univ. Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Liggri PGV, Tsitsanou KE, Stamati ECV, Saitta F, Drakou CE, Leonidas DD, Fessas D, Zographos SE. The structure of AgamOBP5 in complex with the natural insect repellents Carvacrol and Thymol: Crystallographic, fluorescence and thermodynamic binding studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124009. [PMID: 36921814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Among several proteins participating in the olfactory perception process of insects, Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) are today considered valid targets for the discovery of compounds that interfere with their host-detection behavior. The 3D structures of Anopheles gambiae mosquito AgamOBP1 in complex with the known synthetic repellents DEET and Icaridin have provided valuable information on the structural characteristics that govern their selective binding. However, no structure of a plant-derived repellent bound to an OBP has been available until now. Herein, we present the novel three-dimensional crystal structures of AgamOBP5 in complex with two natural phenolic monoterpenoid repellents, Carvacrol and Thymol, and the MPD molecule. Structural analysis revealed that both monoterpenoids occupy a binding site (Site-1) by adopting two alternative conformations. An additional Carvacrol was also bound to a secondary site (Site-2) near the central cavity entrance. A protein-ligand hydrogen-bond network supplemented by van der Waals interactions spans the entire binding cavity, bridging α4, α6, and α3 helices and stabilizing the overall structure. Fluorescence competition and Differential Scanning Calorimetry experiments verified the presence of two binding sites and the stabilization effect on AgamOBP5. While Carvacrol and Thymol bind to Site-1 with equal affinity in the submicromolar range, they exhibit a significantly lower and distinct binding capacity for Site-2 with Kd's of ~7 μΜ and ~18 μΜ, respectively. Finally, a comparison of AgamOBP5 complexes with the AgamOBP4-Indole structure revealed that variations of ligand-interacting aminoacids such as A109T, I72M, A112L, and A105T cause two structurally similar and homologous proteins to display different binding specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota G V Liggri
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Katerina E Tsitsanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia C V Stamati
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Francesca Saitta
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Christina E Drakou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fessas
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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Karimi KJ, Ahmad A, Duse A, Mwanthi M, Ayah R. Prevalence of Antibiotic Use and Disposal at Household Level in Informal Settlements of Kisumu, Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010287. [PMID: 36612608 PMCID: PMC9820000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use and abuse of antibiotics are directly related to the development of drug resistance, a global public health problem. Whereas the majority of research focus is on the use and misuse of antibiotics in drug resistance development, little is known about improper disposal, as a source of contamination in the environment that includes groundwater, especially in informal settlements. This study sought to determine antibiotic use and disposal in informal settlements in Kisumu, Kenya. A random cross-sectional sample of 447 households in selected informal settlements of Kisumu, Kenya was studied. A structured questionnaire was issued to persons heading households. The prevalence of antibiotic use was 43% (n = 193). Among these people, 74% (n = 144) had consulted a health worker in a healthcare facility for a prescription. Respondents did not always complete doses but kept the remainder for the next time they would become ill (54%). About 32% disposed of the remainder of the antibiotics in pit latrines and compost pits (10%) while 4% disposed through burning. Antibiotic use was fairly high despite a low level of awareness of the health effects of consuming water contaminated with antibiotics (35%) (n = 156); p = 0.03. Misuse and inappropriate disposal of antibiotics as identified may lead to a higher risk of antibiotic resistance, increasing the disease burden in the informal settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen J. Karimi
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Department of Public and Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Adriano Duse
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Infection Control, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Mutuku Mwanthi
- Department of Public and Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
| | - Richard Ayah
- Department of Public and Global Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 19676-00202, Kenya
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Neto MFA, Campos JM, Cerqueira APM, de Lima LR, Da Costa GV, Ramos RDS, Junior JTM, Santos CBR, Leite FHA. Hierarchical Virtual Screening and Binding Free Energy Prediction of Potential Modulators of Aedes Aegypti Odorant-Binding Protein 1. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206777. [PMID: 36296371 PMCID: PMC9612181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main hematophagous vector responsible for arbovirus transmission in Brazil. The disruption of A. aegypti hematophagy remains one of the most efficient and least toxic methods against these diseases and, therefore, efforts in the research of new chemical entities with repellent activity have advanced due to the elucidation of the functionality of the olfactory receptors and the behavior of mosquitoes. With the growing interest of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries in the development of chemical entities with repellent activity, computational studies (e.g., virtual screening and molecular modeling) are a way to prioritize potential modulators with stereoelectronic characteristics (e.g., pharmacophore models) and binding affinity to the AaegOBP1 binding site (e.g., molecular docking) at a lower computational cost. Thus, pharmacophore- and docking-based virtual screening was employed to prioritize compounds from Sigma-Aldrich® (n = 126,851) and biogenic databases (n = 8766). In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) was performed to prioritize the most potential potent compounds compared to DEET according to free binding energy calculations. Two compounds showed adequate stereoelectronic requirements (QFIT > 81.53), AaegOBP1 binding site score (Score > 42.0), volatility and non-toxic properties and better binding free energy value (∆G < −24.13 kcal/mol) compared to DEET ((N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide)) (∆G = −24.13 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moysés F. A. Neto
- Laboratório de Quimioinformática e Avaliação Biológica, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Amanda P. M. Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Quimioinformática e Avaliação Biológica, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Lucio R. de Lima
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Glauber V. Da Costa
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Ryan Da S. Ramos
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Jairo T. Magalhães Junior
- Centro Multidisciplinar, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras 47100-000, Brazil
| | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.B.R.S.); (F.H.A.L.)
| | - Franco H. A. Leite
- Laboratório de Quimioinformática e Avaliação Biológica, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.B.R.S.); (F.H.A.L.)
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11
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Nararak J, Giorgio CD, Thanispong K, Sukkanon C, Sanguanpong U, Mahiou-Leddet V, Ollivier E, Chareonviriyaphap T, Manguin S. Behavioral avoidance and biological safety of vetiver oil and its constituents against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100044. [PMID: 36683957 PMCID: PMC9846461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Numerous plant-based repellents are widely used for personal protection against host-seeking mosquitoes. Vitiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash essential oil and its constituents have demonstrated various mosquito repellent activities. In this study, three chemical actions of vetiver oil and five constituents (terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, valencene, vetiverol and vetivone) were characterized against Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus by using the high-throughput screening assay system (HITSS). Significant contact escape responses in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to all test compounds at concentrations between 2.5 and 5% were observed. Spatial repellency responses were also observed in some tested mosquito populations depending upon concentrations. The most significant toxic response on mosquitoes was found at the highest concentration, except for vetivone which had no toxic effect on Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Results on phototoxic and genotoxic hazard revealed that vetiver oil and their constituents showed no phototoxic potential or any significant genotoxic response. In conclusion, vetiver oil and two constituents, valencene and vetiverol, are potentials as active ingredients for mosquito repellency and present no toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirod Nararak
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- HSM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Di Giorgio
- Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | - Kanutcharee Thanispong
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Unchalee Sanguanpong
- Maejo University International College (MJU-IC) 63 Moo 4 Nongharn Sub district, Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand
| | - Valerie Mahiou-Leddet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Ollivier
- Aix Marseille Univ., Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sylvie Manguin
- HSM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
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12
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Costa AA, Gonzalez PV, Harburguer LV, Masuh HM. A rapid method for screening mosquito repellents on Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2713-2723. [PMID: 35867157 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the main vectors for malaria in Latin America is Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald), whereas Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. The use of repellents is recommended as a personal protection method against these mosquitoes. However there are very few studies evaluating the effect of repellents on An. pseudopunctipennis. The use of a Petri dish to study repellence has been applied by several authors on flies, cockroaches, kissing bugs and mosquitoes, being a valuable technique for species that are difficult to breed under laboratory conditions, such as An. pseudopunctipennis. In the present study, we evaluated the repellence of the essential oil of the Eucalyptus nitens (Shining gum), its main component (1,8-cineole) and the commercial repellent DEET on An. pseudopunctipennis and Ae. aegypti adult females using the plaque repellency method coupled to EthoVision XT10.1 video-tracking software. Repellent effect and locomotor activity were studied through a repellence index (RI) together with an axis constructed from the behavioural variables obtained using the tracking software. DEET repellent effect was observed at 0.01 mg/mL for Ae. aegypti and 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL for An. pseudopunctipennis. In addition, the essential oil showed significant repellence at 1 and 10 mg/mL for Ae. aegypti, and 1, 5, 10 and 25 mg/mL for An. pseudopunctipennis. Neither of these species were repelled at any concentration of 1,8-cineole. This is the first study that evaluates these compounds on An. pseudopunctipennis females and quantifies their effects on the activity of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Alvarez Costa
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Insectos, Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental Y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula V Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V Harburguer
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hector M Masuh
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas E Insecticidas (CONICET- CITEDEF), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, B1603ALO, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Maia PCR, La Corte R, Pires LB, Banfield L, Logan JG, Lima-Camara TN. Increased Repellent Effect of DEET on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Field Population. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1368-1375. [PMID: 35686335 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides and repellents are routinely used in Brazil because of the high rates of arbovirus transmission and the nuisance caused by mosquitoes. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of repellents against mosquito populations that have been under exposure to xenobiotics, mainly insecticides and repellents. This study investigated the sensitivity of a field population of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from a dengue-endemic area under high insecticide pressure to N,N-diethylmethylbenzamide (DEET), the active ingredient in common repellent products. The field (Laranjeiras, Sergipe, Brazil) and laboratory (Rockefeller) populations were characterized for the presence of the Val1016Ile kdr mutation, associated with pyrethroid resistance, and locomotor activity. Repellency bioassays were performed to assess the response of the mosquitoes to human odor by exposing them to 10% DEET applied to the skin in ethanol. Samples from the field population showed higher frequency of the kdr mutation, 21.9% homozygous and 21.9% heterozygous, greater locomotor activity and greater sensitivity to DEET than the laboratory population. These results suggest increased sensitivity to DEET in field populations and a possible interaction between insecticide exposure and sensitivity to DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Conceição Romão Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo-SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Roseli La Corte
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Av. Mal Rondon s/n São Cristóvão-SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Liandra Brasil Pires
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Av. Mal Rondon s/n São Cristóvão-SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lydia Banfield
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - James G Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Tamara Nunes Lima-Camara
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715-Cerqueira César, São Paulo-SP, 01246-904, Brazil
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14
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Kritsi E, Liggri PGV, Stamati ECV, Tsitsanou KE, Zographos SE, Michaelakis A, Papachristos D, Zoumpoulakis P. A Combined Computational Methodology for the Discovery of Hit Compounds with Putative Insect Repellency Properties. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200271. [PMID: 35754000 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes and other hematophagous arthropods, the primary vectors of multiple parasites and viruses, are responsible for the transmission of serious diseases to humans. Nowadays, the interest is focused on the development of novel repellents to the existing ones with advanced properties. The present study attempts the discovery of novel hit compounds which may evolve as insect repellents using a combined computational methodology targeting the Odorant Binding Protein 1 (OBP1). The in silico results indicated two compounds, namely coniferyl alcohol and 1,2-diphenyl-2-propanol, which were further evaluated (a) in vitro for their binding affinity to AgamOBP1 and (b) in vivo using dose-depended repellence tests against the aggressive-day biting Aedes albopictus. The combination of in vitro and in vivo results pointed that coniferyl alcohol and 1,2-diphenyl-2-propanol exhibited high binding affinity over OBP1 with 69.4 and 84.7 nM, respectively as well as efficient repellent activity. Compounds were also tested for their dose-depended repellency activity in vivo against Aedes albopictus. Overall, the selected compounds can serve as scaffolds for the development of novel repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftichia Kritsi
- National Hellenic Research Foundation Institute of Chemical Biology: Ethniko Idryma Ereunon Institouto Chemikes Biologias, Chemical Biology, GREECE
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- National Hellenic Research Foundation Institute of Chemical Biology: Ethniko Idryma Ereunon Institouto Chemikes Biologias, Chemical Biology, GREECE
| | - Evgenia C V Stamati
- National Hellenic Research Foundation Institute of Chemical Biology: Ethniko Idryma Ereunon Institouto Chemikes Biologias, Chemical Biology, GREECE
| | - Katerina E Tsitsanou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation Institute of Chemical Biology: Ethniko Idryma Ereunon Institouto Chemikes Biologias, Chemical Biology, GREECE
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation Institute of Chemical Biology: Ethniko Idryma Ereunon Institouto Chemikes Biologias, Chemical Biology, GREECE
| | - Antonios Michaelakis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, GREECE
| | - Dimitrios Papachristos
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, GREECE
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Vas. Constantinou 48, 11635, Athens, GREECE
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15
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In Search of Synergistic Insect Repellents: Modeling of Muscarinic GPCR Interactions with Classical and Bitopic Photoactive Ligands. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103280. [PMID: 35630759 PMCID: PMC9147842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect vector-borne diseases pose serious health problems, so there is a high demand for efficient molecules that could reduce transmission. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we studied a series of compounds acting on human and insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), a novel target of synergistic agents in pest control. We characterized early conformational changes of human M1 and fruit fly type-A mAChR G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in response to DEET, IR3535, and muscarine binding based on the MD analysis of the activation microswitches known to form the signal transduction pathway in class A GPCRs. We indicated groups of microswitches that are the most affected by the presence of a ligand. Moreover, to increase selectivity towards insects, we proposed a new, bitopic, photoswitchable mAChR ligand—BQCA-azo-IR353 and studied its interactions with both receptors. Modeling data showed that using a bitopic ligand may be a promising strategy in the search for better insect control.
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16
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Ma L, Liu Y, Yang Q, Jiang L, Li G. Occurrence and distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in wastewater related riverbank groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153372. [PMID: 35085625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are among the most frequently reported groups of emerging contaminants in groundwater worldwide. PPCPs in rivers may infiltrate into groundwater through hydraulic exchange and potentially threaten drinking water safety and human health. In the present study, the occurrence and distribution of nine PPCPs in riverbank groundwater and adjacent rivers (distance up to 113 m) were investigated at four sites with different lithological features and permeabilities of aquifers in a city in North China. Seven of nine PPCPs were detectable in groundwater, ranging from <LOQ (limit of quantification) to 128 ng/L. N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), carbamazepine, and caffeine had the highest detection frequencies (>90%). The concentrations and major compounds in river water varied with the sampling location and water system distribution, resulting in distinct compositions of PPCPs in the groundwater at each site along with different lithology and hydrological conditions. The spatial distribution of PPCPs in riverbank groundwater was affected by the hydraulic connection between the groundwater and river and the lithology of aquifers. Direct hydraulic connection of a fine sand aquifer to the adjacent river caused a decrease in PPCPs with increasing distance. The results also suggested that sandy gravel aquifers had a lower capacity to attenuate PPCPs compared to that of fine sand. Significant correlations between PPCP concentrations and thirteen physicochemical factors of groundwater were discovered, including nitrate, potassium, and manganese. Overall, this study provides important evidence on the role of lithology and hydrological conditions on the composition, distribution, and influential physicochemical factors of PPCPs in riverbank groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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17
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Marti JNG, Kilchenmann V, Kast C. Evaluation of pesticide residues in commercial Swiss beeswax collected in 2019 using ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:32054-32064. [PMID: 35018599 PMCID: PMC9054900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine residue levels of pesticides in Swiss commercial beeswax. Foundation samples were collected in 2019 from nine commercial manufacturers for analysis of 21 pesticides using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Individual samples showed the variability and residue ranges and pooled samples represented the average annual residue values of the Swiss production. In total, 17 pesticides were identified and 13 pesticides were quantified. They included 13 acaricides and/or insecticides, two fungicides as well as a synergist and a repellent. The means calculated from individual samples were similar to the average annual residue values for most tested pesticides. Mean values of 401, 236, 106 and 3 μg·kg-1 were obtained for the beekeeping-associated contaminants coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, bromopropylate and N-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-formamide (DMF; breakdown product of amitraz), respectively. For the other pesticides, the mean values were 203 μg·kg-1 (synergist piperonyl butoxide), 120 μg·kg-1 (repellent N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, DEET), 19 μg·kg-1 (chlorfenvinphos) and 4 μg·kg-1 ((E)-fenpyroximate), while the means for acrinathrin, azoxystrobin, bendiocarb, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, flumethrin, permethrin, propoxur and thiacloprid were below the limit of quantification (< LOQ). Individual samples contained from seven to 14 pesticides. The ranges of values for coumaphos and piperonyl butoxide (from 14 to 4270 μg·kg-1; from 6 to 1555 μg·kg-1, respectively) were larger as compared to the ranges of values for DEET and tau-fluvalinate (from < LOQ to 585 μg·kg-1; from 16 to 572 μg·kg-1, respectively). In conclusion, the most prominent contaminants were the pesticides coumaphos and tau-fluvalinate, which are both acaricides with previous authorization for beekeeping in Switzerland, followed by piperonyl butoxide, a synergist to enhance the effect of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N G Marti
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Kilchenmann
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christina Kast
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
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18
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Skomal AE, Zhang J, Yang K, Yen J, Tu X, Suarez-Torres J, Lopez-Paredes D, Calafat AM, Ospina M, Martinez D, Suarez-Lopez JR. Concurrent urinary organophosphate metabolites and acetylcholinesterase activity in Ecuadorian adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112163. [PMID: 34627797 PMCID: PMC9138777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphates are insecticides that inhibit the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Because of this, AChE is considered a physiological marker of organophosphate exposure in agricultural settings. However, limited research exists on the associations between urinary organophosphate metabolites and AChE activity in children. METHODS This study included 526 participants from 2 exams (April and July-October 2016) of ages 12-17 years living in agricultural communities in Ecuador. AChE activity was measured at both examinations, and organophosphate metabolites, including para-nitrophenol (PNP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), and malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA) were measured in urine collected in July-October. We used generalized estimating equation generalized linear model (GEEGLM), adjusting for hemoglobin, creatinine, and other demographic and anthropometric covariates, to estimate associations of urinary metabolite concentrations with AChE activity (July-October) and AChE% change between April and July-October. RESULTS The mean (SD) of AChE and AChE% change (April vs July-October) were 3.67 U/mL (0.54) and -2.5% (15.4%), respectively. AChE activity was inversely associated with PNP concentration, whereas AChE% change was inversely associated with PNP and MDA. There was evidence of a threshold: difference was only significant above the 80th percentile of PNP concentration (AChE difference per SD increase of metabolite = -0.12 U/mL [95%CI: 0.20, -0.04]). Likewise, associations with AChE% change were significant only above the 80th percentile of TCPy (AChE % change per SD increase of metabolite = -1.38% [95%CI: 2.43%, -0.32%]) and PNP -2.47% [95%CI: 4.45%, -0.50%]). PNP concentration at ≥80th percentile was associated with elevated ORs for low AChE activity of 2.9 (95% CI: 1.5, 5.7) and for AChE inhibition of ≤ -10% of 3.7 (95% CI: 1.4, 9.8). CONCLUSIONS Urinary organophosphate metabolites, including PNP, TCPy and MDA, particularly at concentrations above the 80th percentile, were associated with lower AChE activity among adolescents. These findings bring attention to the value of using multiple constructs of pesticide exposure in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Skomal
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jasen Zhang
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Yen
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jose R Suarez-Lopez
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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19
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Al-Maqdi KA, Elmerhi N, Athamneh K, Bilal M, Alzamly A, Ashraf SS, Shah I. Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3124. [PMID: 34835887 PMCID: PMC8625148 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Different classes of artificial pollutants, collectively called emerging pollutants, are detected in various water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and seas. Multiple studies have shown the devastating effects these emerging pollutants can have on human and aquatic life. The main reason for these emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment is their incomplete removal in the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several additional treatments that could potentially supplement existing WWTPs to eliminate these pollutants include a range of physicochemical and biological methods. The use of enzymes, specifically, oxidoreductases, are increasingly being studied for their ability to degrade different classes of organic compounds. These enzymes have been immobilized on different supports to promote their adoption as a cost-effective and recyclable remediation approach. Unfortunately, some of these techniques have shown a negative effect on the enzyme, including denaturation and loss of catalytic activity. This review focuses on the major challenges facing researchers working on the immobilization of peroxidases and the recent progress that has been made in this area. It focuses on four major areas: (1) stability of enzymes upon immobilization, enzyme engineering, and evolution; (2) recyclability and reusability, including immobilization on membranes and solid supports; (3) cost associated with enzyme-based remediation; and (4) scaling-up and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadega A. Al-Maqdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.A.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Nada Elmerhi
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (N.E.); (K.A.)
| | - Khawlah Athamneh
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (N.E.); (K.A.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Huaiyin Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaian 223003, China;
| | - Ahmed Alzamly
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.A.-M.); (A.A.)
| | - Syed Salman Ashraf
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (N.E.); (K.A.)
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (K.A.A.-M.); (A.A.)
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Tisgratog R, Sukkanon C, Sugiharto VA, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Time of Test Periods Influence the Behavioral Responses of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae) to DEET. INSECTS 2021; 12:867. [PMID: 34680636 PMCID: PMC8540783 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Information on factors influencing the behavioral responses of mosquitoes to repellents is lacking and poorly understood, especially in the Anopheles species, night-biting mosquitoes. Our goal was to investigate the impact of different time periods on circadian activity and behavioral responses of two malaria vectors, Anopheles minimus and An. dirus, to 5% DEET using an excito-repellency test system. Each mosquito species was exposed to the repellent during the daytime (06.00-18.00) and nighttime (18.00-06.00), and time of observation was further divided into four 3-h intervals. Significant escape responses were observed between daytime and nighttime for An. minimus in both noncontact and contact tests. An. dirus showed statistical differences in contact irritancy escape response, whereas no significant difference was found in noncontact repellency tests. Both mosquito species showed more significantly higher escape responses when exposed to DEET during the afternoon and late in the night. This finding indicates that the time of testing may affect the behavioral responses of mosquitoes to repellents, especially in An. minimus and An. dirus. A better understanding of nocturnally active mosquito behavioral responses spanning from dusk to dawn would assist in optimizing product development, screening, and effective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungarun Tisgratog
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala 80160, Thailand;
| | - Victor Arief Sugiharto
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA;
| | - Michael J. Bangs
- Public Health & Malaria Control Department, PT. Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Mimika Regency 99920, Indonesia;
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21
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Trouillard A, Sabri A, Prot-Labarthe S, Storme T, Bourrat E, Soulairol I. [Pediatric exposure to endocrine disruptors and carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic substances by pharmaceutical forms intended for the cutaneous route: Regulatory provisions in France, in Europe, and state of the art of scientific knowledge]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 80:426-439. [PMID: 34481784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective is to conduct a review of pediatric exposure to substances whose endocrine disrupting (ED), carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic (CMR) character has been confirmed or remains controversial, through their use in pharmaceutical forms intended for the cutaneous route, as well as regulatory measures diligent at the national and European levels. METHODS A bibliographical search was carried out on the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, supplemented by a search for recommendations from French and European authorities. References were selected following an assessment of their relevance to our topic. RESULTS Seventy-one references were selected. Pediatric exposure to endocrine disruptors and CMR substances remains through products formulated for their use, but also through indirect exposure to products commonly used by adults. Exposure arises both from the choice of excipients (parabens, phenoxyethanol), packaging materials (bisphenols, phthalates) and the qualitative or quantitative nature of the active ingredients (iodine, boron, pyrethroids, organic sunscreens). CONCLUSION The health professional must be able to develop a critical mind on such substances in order to inform and promote therapeutic adherence, guaranteeing the safety of the child's care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trouillard
- Pôle ALPHA, pharmacie à usage intérieur, centre hospitalier de Béziers, 2, rue Valentin Haüy, 34500 Béziers cedex, France.
| | - A Sabri
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - S Prot-Labarthe
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, UF Pharmacie clinique, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - T Storme
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - E Bourrat
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; Service de pédiatrie générale, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - I Soulairol
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, hôpital universitaire Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, 30000 Nîmes, France; ICGM, CNRS, ENSCM, université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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22
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Kobenan KC, Bini KKN, Kouakou M, Kouadio IS, Zengin G, Ochou GEC, Boka NRK, Menozzi P, Ochou OG, Dick AE. Chemical Composition and Spectrum of Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Cymbopogon citratus Stapf on the Main Insects of the Cotton Entomofauna in Côte d'Ivoire. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100497. [PMID: 34453396 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Among the alternatives to environmentally toxic and socio-economically unacceptable chemical pesticides, essential oils from Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus were tested on the main pests and beneficial insects of the cotton plant in Côte d'Ivoire. After extraction and chemical analysis of the essential oils, field trials were carried out using a Fisher block system with three treatment repetitions where their effects compared with those of a registered synthetic insecticide (IBIS A 52 EC). Foliar applications of the products were carried out in accordance with the cotton plant protection extension programme in Côte d'Ivoire from the 45th to the 115th day after plant emergence, with one application every fortnight. Twenty-three and forty compounds representing about 96 and 99 % of the oil composition of O. gratissimum and C. citratus respectively were elucidated. The most abundant compounds were p-cymene and thymol (O. gratissimum) and myrcene, neral and geranial (C. citratus). The essential oil of O. gratissimum at concentrations of 2 and 5 % showed insecticidal activity on all pests (biting-sucking and carpophagous), except the phyllophagous Syllepte derogata. C. citratus, at a low concentration (1 %), was particularly toxic to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), however, it favoured the action of beneficial insects, specifically black ants and ladybirds in the cotton plots, unlike the chemical product. EO of O. gratissimum (1.60 and 4.62 mg GALAE/g, respectively) and C. citratus (2.26 and 2.78 mg GALAE, respectively) exhibited also significant acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase inhibitors. Insecticide formulations based on the essential oils of O. gratissimum and C. citratus offer favourable prospects for their use in cotton cultivation as an alternative to chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Christophe Kobenan
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny University (UFHB), UFR Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agricultural and Biological Resources Valorisation, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d'Ivoire.,National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kouadio Kra Norbert Bini
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Malanno Kouakou
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ibrahime Sinan Kouadio
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Germain Elisabeth Cynthia Ochou
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nina Reine Kosso Boka
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny University (UFHB), UFR Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agricultural and Biological Resources Valorisation, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Philippe Menozzi
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire.,Agricultural Research Center for International Development (CIRAD), Research Unit 115 AIDA (Agroecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops) -, France
| | - Ochou Germain Ochou
- National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA), Cotton Research Station, Laboratory of Entomology, 01 BP 633 Bouaké 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Acka Emmanuel Dick
- Félix Houphouët-Boigny University (UFHB), UFR Biosciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Agricultural and Biological Resources Valorisation, 22 BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d'Ivoire
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23
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Li MX, Ma YP, Zhang HX, Sun HZ, Su HH, Pei SJ, Du ZZ. Repellent, larvicidal and adulticidal activities of essential oil from Dai medicinal plant Zingiber cassumunar against Aedes albopictus. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:317-323. [PMID: 34485774 PMCID: PMC8390919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber cassumunar is an important plant used in traditional medicine and as a natural mosquito repellent. However, the compounds responsible for the repellent activity of the plant are still unknown. The aim of the study is to identify the components of Z. cassumunar essential oil that show repellent activity against Aedes albopictus. We also evaluated the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of Z. cassumunar essential oil against Ae. albopictus. In-cage mosquito repellent experiments showed that Z. cassumunar essential oil possessed moderate repellent activity with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.16 ± 0.01 mg/cm2, compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET, 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/cm2). Bioassay-guided fractionation identified the major active compound of Z. cassumunar essential oil as (-)-terpinen-4-ol (1) (MED: 0.19 ± 0 mg/cm2). We also found that Z. cassumunar essential oil showed moderate larvicidal activity against first instar larvae of Ae. albopictus with a LC50 (50% lethal concentration) of 44.9 μg/L after 24 h. Fumigation bioassays showed that Z. cassumunar essential oil exhibits moderate adulticidal activity against Ae. albopictus with a LC50 of 5.44%, while (-)-terpinen-4-ol showed significant adulticidal activity with a LC50 of 2.10% after 24 h. This study verifies that the Z. cassumunar essential oil has mosquito repellent activity, and that (-)-terpinen-4-ol is mainly responsible for this activity. Furthermore, this study provides scientific support for the folk usage of Z. cassumunar essential oil as mosquito repellent and indicates that Z. cassumunar essential oil and (-)-terpinen-4-ol can be used as plant-derived repellents and insecticides for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hong-Zheng Sun
- Kunming City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Hong-Hai Su
- Kunming City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Sheng-Ji Pei
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhi-Zhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Corresponding author. Fax: +86 871 65216335.
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Brown KA, Carpenter JM, Preston CJ, Ludwig HD, Clay KB, Harn DA, Norberg T, Wagner JJ, Filipov NM. Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III ameliorates acute and persisting hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission deficits in a Gulf War Illness mouse model. Life Sci 2021; 279:119707. [PMID: 34102195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated if treatment with the immunotherapeutic, lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII), resulted in amelioration of acute and persisting deficits in synaptic plasticity and transmission as well as trophic factor expression along the hippocampal dorsoventral axis in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness (GWI). MAIN METHODS Mice received either coadministered or delayed LNFPIII treatment throughout or following, respectively, exposure to a 15-day GWI induction paradigm. Subsets of animals were subsequently sacrificed 48 h, seven months, or 11 months post GWI-related (GWIR) exposure for hippocampal qPCR or in vitro electrophysiology experiments. KEY FINDINGS Progressively worsened impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as well as a biphasic effect on hippocampal synaptic transmission, were detected in GWIR-exposed animals. Dorsoventral-specific impairments in hippocampal synaptic responses became more pronounced over time, particularly in the dorsal hippocampus. Notably, delayed LNFPIII treatment ameliorated GWI-related aberrations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission seven and 11 months post-exposure, an effect that was consistent with enhanced hippocampal trophic factor expression and absence of increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) in animals treated with LNFPIII. SIGNIFICANCE Approximately a third of Gulf War Veterans have GWI; however, GWI therapeutics are presently limited to targeted and symptomatic treatments. As increasing evidence underscores the substantial role of persisting neuroimmune dysfunction in GWI, efficacious neuroactive immunotherapeutics hold substantial promise in yielding GWI remission. The findings in the present report indicate that LNFPIII may be an efficacious candidate for ameliorating persisting neurological abnormalities presented in GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Brown
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jessica M Carpenter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Collin J Preston
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Helaina D Ludwig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kendall B Clay
- Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Donald A Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for Tropical and Emerging Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Thomas Norberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John J Wagner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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25
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Bilal M, Bagheri AR, Vilar DS, Aramesh N, Eguiluz KIB, Ferreira LFR, Ashraf SS, Iqbal HMN. Oxidoreductases as a versatile biocatalytic tool to tackle pollutants for clean environment – a review. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jctb.6743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian 223003 China
| | | | - Débora S Vilar
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering Tiradentes University (UNIT) Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia Aracaju‐Sergipe 49032‐490 Brazil
| | - Nahal Aramesh
- Department of Chemistry Yasouj University Yasouj Iran
| | - Katlin Ivon Barrios Eguiluz
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering Tiradentes University (UNIT) Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia Aracaju‐Sergipe 49032‐490 Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP) Tiradentes University (UNIT) Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia Aracaju‐Sergipe 49032‐490 Brazil
| | - Syed Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and Sciences Monterrey 64849 Mexico
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26
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Koloski CW, Duncan CAM, Rutherford PL, Cassone BJ. Natural insensitivity and the effects of concentration on the repellency and survival of American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) by DEET. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:379-395. [PMID: 33009647 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is by far the most used repellent worldwide. When applied topically to the skin, the active ingredient has been shown to provide protection from a variety of hematophagous insects, including mosquitoes and flies. DEET's effectiveness against ticks is influenced by a variety of factors (e.g., duration and concentration of application, drying time, route of exposure, tick species and developmental stage), and may differ from insects due to their unique chemosensory system that primarily involves the Haller's organ. We therefore used several approaches to investigate DEET's efficacy to repel Dermacentor variabilis at different concentrations (5, 30 or 75%), as well as explore its toxicological properties and natural variability in DEET insensitivity across populations from Manitoba, Canada. Climbing bioassays indicated that higher concentrations of DEET were more effective at repelling D. variabilis, and that ticks from some sampling localities were more sensitive to lower concentrations than others. Petri dish arena assays revealed ticks exposed to high concentrations of the repellent lose their ability to discriminate lower concentrations, perhaps due to overstimulation or habituation. Finally, our tactile assays demonstrated reduced tick survival after contact with high DEET concentrations, with mortality occurring more rapidly with increased concentration. Dermacentor variabilis from these tactile assays displayed a multitude of physiological and neurological symptoms, such as 'hot foot' and various bodily secretions. Overall, our study shows a strong association between repellency, concentration and the acaricidal effects of DEET on D. variabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Koloski
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R78 6A9, Canada
| | - Carlyn A M Duncan
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R78 6A9, Canada
| | | | - Bryan J Cassone
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R78 6A9, Canada.
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Dickey B, Madhu LN, Shetty AK. Gulf War Illness: Mechanisms Underlying Brain Dysfunction and Promising Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107716. [PMID: 33164782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI), a chronic multisymptom health problem, afflicts ~30% of veterans served in the first GW. Impaired brain function is among the most significant symptoms of GWI, which is typified by persistent cognitive and mood impairments, concentration problems, headaches, chronic fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain. This review aims to discuss findings from animal prototypes and veterans with GWI on mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology and emerging therapeutic strategies for alleviating brain dysfunction in GWI. Animal model studies have linked brain impairments to incessantly elevated oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, inhibitory interneuron loss, altered lipid metabolism and peroxisomes, mitochondrial dysfunction, modified expression of genes relevant to cognitive function, and waned hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, the involvement of systemic alterations such as the increased intensity of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in the blood, transformed gut microbiome, and activation of the adaptive immune response have received consideration. Investigations in veterans have suggested that brain dysfunction in GWI is linked to chronic activation of the executive control network, impaired functional connectivity, altered blood flow, persistent inflammation, and changes in miRNA levels. Lack of protective alleles from Class II HLA genes, the altered concentration of phospholipid species and proinflammatory factors in the circulating blood have also been suggested as other aiding factors. While some drugs or combination therapies have shown promise for alleviating symptoms in clinical trials, larger double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to validate such findings. Based on improvements seen in animal models of GWI, several antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds are currently being tested in clinical trials. However, reliable blood biomarkers that facilitate an appropriate screening of veterans for brain pathology need to be discovered. A liquid biopsy approach involving analysis of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in the blood appears efficient for discerning the extent of neuropathology both before and during clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Dickey
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA; Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Leelavathi N Madhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
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Shrestha B, Lee Y. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of DEET toxicity and disease-carrying insect vectors: a review. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1131-1144. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Grant GG, Estrera RR, Pathak N, Hall CD, Tsikolia M, Linthicum KJ, Bernier UR, Hall AC. Interactions of DEET and Novel Repellents With Mosquito Odorant Receptors. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1032-1040. [PMID: 32048720 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The carboxamide N,N-di-ethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is the most effective and widely used insect repellent today. However, drawbacks concerning the efficacy and the safety of the repellent have led to efforts to design new classes of insect repellents. Through quantitative structure-activity relationships, chemists have discovered two chemical groups of novel repellents: the acylpiperidines and the carboxamides, with the acylpiperidines generally more potent in biological assays. Although the exact mechanism of action of DEET and other repellents has not yet been thoroughly elucidated, previous research shows that the activity of insect odorant receptors are inhibited in the presence of repellents. The present electrophysiological study employs two-electrode voltage clamp with Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing AgOR2/AgOrco and AgOR8/AgOrco receptors to assess the effects of the novel repellents on Anopheles gambiae Giles (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito odorant receptors. The novel acylpiperidines and carboxamides reversibly inhibited (12-91%) odorant-evoked currents from both AgOR2/AgOrco and AgOR8/AgOrco receptors in a dose-dependent manner at all tested concentrations (30 μM to 1 mM). Furthermore, all the novel agents were more potent inhibitors of the receptors than DEET, with the acylpiperidines producing on average greater inhibition than the carboxamides. Interestingly, there was a correlation (r2 = 0.72) between the percentage inhibition of AgOR2/AgOrco receptor currents and protection times of the acylpiperidines. Our results add to existing evidence that the repellency of a compound is linked to its ability to disrupt the insect olfactory system and that the acylpiperidines could represent a class of more effective alternatives to the current gold standard, DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gariel G Grant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | | | - Narendra Pathak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | - C Dennis Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maia Tsikolia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kenneth J Linthicum
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ulrich R Bernier
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Adam C Hall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA
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Moreau E, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Goulu M, Perrier S, Deshayes C, Stankiewicz M, Apaire-Marchais V, Nowak W, Lapied B. Orthosteric muscarinic receptor activation by the insect repellent IR3535 opens new prospects in insecticide-based vector control. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6842. [PMID: 32321987 PMCID: PMC7176678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect repellent IR3535 is one of the important alternative in the fight against mosquito-borne disease such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we propose the development of an innovative insecticide-based vector control strategy using an unexplored property of IR3535. We have demonstrated that in insect neurosecretory cells, very low concentration of IR3535 induces intracellular calcium rise through cellular mechanisms involving orthosteric/allosteric sites of the M1-muscarinic receptor subtype, G protein βγ subunits, background potassium channel inhibition generating depolarization, which induces voltage-gated calcium channel activation. The resulting internal calcium concentration elevation increases nicotinic receptor sensitivity to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid. The synergistic interaction between IR3535 and thiacloprid contributes to significantly increase the efficacy of the treatment while reducing concentrations. In this context, IR3535, used as a synergistic agent, seems to promise a new approach in the optimization of the integrated vector management for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Moreau
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, N. Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Mathilde Goulu
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Perrier
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Caroline Deshayes
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Maria Stankiewicz
- Faculty of Biological and Veternary Sciences, N. Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Véronique Apaire-Marchais
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France
| | - Wieslaw Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, N. Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bruno Lapied
- Laboratoire Signalisation Fonctionnelle des Canaux Ioniques et des Récepteurs (SiFCIR), UPRES EA 2647, USC INRA 1330, SFR QUASAV 4207, UFR Sciences, Université d'Angers, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, cedex, France.
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Morsi R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Ashraf SS. Laccases and peroxidases: The smart, greener and futuristic biocatalytic tools to mitigate recalcitrant emerging pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136572. [PMID: 31986384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Various organic pollutants so-called emerging pollutants (EPs), including active residues from pharmaceuticals, pesticides, surfactants, hormones, and personal care products, are increasingly being detected in numerous environmental matrices including water. The persistence of these EPs can cause adverse ecological and human health effects even at very small concentrations in the range of micrograms per liter or lower, hence called micropollutants (MPs). The existence of EPs/MPs tends to be challenging to mitigate from the environment effectively. Unfortunately, most of them are not removed during the present-day treatment plants. So far, a range of treatment processes and degradation methods have been introduced and deployed against various EPs and/or MPs, such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and enzyme-based treatments coupled with membrane filtrations. To further strengthen the treatment processes and to overcome the EPs/MPs effective removal dilemma, numerous studies have revealed the applicability and notable biocatalytic potentialities of laccases and peroxidases to degrade different classes of organic pollutants. Exquisite selectivity and unique catalytic properties make these enzymes powerful biocatalytic candidates for bio-transforming an array of toxic contaminants to harmless entities. This review focuses on the use of laccases and peroxidases, such as soybean peroxidase (SBP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and chloroperoxidase (CPO) as a greener oxidation route towards efficient and effective removal or degradation of EPs/MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Morsi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL CP 64849, Mexico.
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Reynoso MMN, Mengoni S, Alzogaray RA. The Behavioral Response of Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) Exposed to DEET Varies Throughout Its Life Cycle. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1033-1036. [PMID: 31901164 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., is a hemimetabolous insect pest of economical and medical importance. N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) is an insect repellent whose effect on this species has received very little attention. The objective of this work was to determine whether the behavioral response of B. germanica to DEET varies along its life cycle. DEET repellence was assessed in small, medium, and large nymphs, and in adults of both sexes, all originated from the same laboratory colony (CIPEIN). The experimental arena consisted in a piece of filter paper treated with repellent on one half (195 µg/cm2) and solvent alone on the other half. A cockroach was placed on the filter paper, and its behavior was filmed. An image analyzer was used to quantify how long the insect spent on each side of the paper. As a control, a cockroach was exposed to a piece of filter paper treated with solvent (acetone) alone. Each assay was repeated independently six times. Distribution coefficient (DC) values were calculated, a parameter that ranges between 0 (attraction) and 1 (repellence). Small nymphs were more sensitive to DEET (mean DC = 0.93). The mean DC values of the other groups varied between 0.62 (medium nymphs) and 0.71 (male adults). The group of medium nymphs was the only one whose behavior was not significantly altered by exposure to DEET. The results show the importance of assessing insect repellents at different stages of the insect's life cycle in order to obtain a complete panorama of its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M N Reynoso
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN), Juan B. de La Salle 4397, (B1603ALO) Villa Martelli, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Mengoni
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN), Juan B. de La Salle 4397, (B1603ALO) Villa Martelli, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R A Alzogaray
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN), Juan B. de La Salle 4397, (B1603ALO) Villa Martelli, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (3iA-UNSAM), (B1650HMQ) San Martín, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Grison C, Carrasco D, Pelissier F, Moderc A. Reflexion on Bio-Sourced Mosquito Repellents: Nature, Activity, and Preparation. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ghavami MB, Khoeini S, Djadid ND. Molecular characteristics of odorant-binding protein 1 in Anopheles maculipennis. Malar J 2020; 19:29. [PMID: 31952536 PMCID: PMC6969430 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles maculipennis complex, the historic vector of malaria, causes serious medical problems worldwide and exhibits different behaviours. Studying the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), which influence the chemosensory system and behavioural responses, is essential to understanding the population structure and developing effective control measures against this vector. The present study was designed to identify and analyse the obp1 gene in An. maculipennis. Methods Adults of An. maculipennis sensu stricto were collected in Zanjan Province, northwest of Iran, and gDNAs of female mosquitoes were extracted. Fragments of An. maculipennis obp1 (Amacobp1) gene were amplified using degenerate and specific primers, and some of amplicons were selected for sequencing. Results Analysis of amplified products identified that the sequence of Amacobp1 gene was 1341 bp long. This gene contains three exons (5′, internal, and 3′of 160, 256, and 18 bp, respectively) and encodes 144 amino acids. The sizes of introns I and II in deduced gene are 268 and 358 nucleotides, respectively. The amino acid sequence in the C-terminal of AmacOBP1 is similar to that of major malaria vector Anopheles species. However, its N-terminal has a specific signal peptide with 19 amino acids. This peptide is conserved in different studied populations, and its sequence of amino acids shows the most variation among anopheline species. Conclusions Degenerate primers in this study are suggested for studying obp1 gene in Anopheles species. Amacobp1 gene is proposed as a molecular marker for the detection of intraspecific ecotypes and diagnosis of different species within Maculipennis Group. Moreover, the N-terminal of AmacOBP1 peptide is recommended as a molecular marker to identify the Amacobp1 expression patterns in different chemosensory organs for assessing the molecular mechanisms and developing novel behavioural disturbance agents to control An. maculipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagher Ghavami
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Sakineh Khoeini
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Swale DR, Bloomquist JR. Is DEET a dangerous neurotoxicant? PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2068-2070. [PMID: 31069958 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controversies surrounding the safety of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) when used as an insect repellent are centered around conflicting findings in the scientific literature and inaccurate reporting in the public media. Lethal cases of DEET poisoning are few, and usually due to deliberate or other overdoses that ignore product label instructions. Deleterious effects of DEET typically involve skin reactions and even when encephalopathies, such as seizures, occur they often abate without sequelae. Recent mode-of-action studies prove it has little direct effect on acetylcholinesterase, and have identified G protein-coupled receptors as a site of action deserving of further investigation. Studies with pregnant women found that DEET had no effect on the developing fetus from proper use and its continued deployment as a repellent is endorsed by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Environmental Protection Agency, with specific recommendations of how it should be used on children. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Swale
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Spirhanzlova P, Fini JB, Demeneix B, Lardy-Fontan S, Vaslin-Reimann S, Lalere B, Guma N, Tindall A, Krief S. Composition and endocrine effects of water collected in the Kibale national park in Uganda. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 251:460-468. [PMID: 31103006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used worldwide with potential harmful effects on both fauna and flora. The Kibale National Park in Uganda, a site renowned for its biodiversity is surrounded by tea, banana and eucalyptus plantations as well as maize fields and small farms. We previously showed presence of pesticides with potential endocrine disruptive effects in the vicinity. To further investigate the water pollution linked to agricultural pressure in this protected area, we implemented a complementary monitoring strategy based on: analytical chemistry, effects based methods and the deployment of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS). Chemical analysis of the POCIS extracts revealed the presence of 13 pesticides: carbofuran, DEET, 2.4-D amine, carbaryl, ametryn, isoproturon, metolachlor, terbutryn, dimethoate, imidacloprid, picaridin, thiamethoxam, carbendazim, with the first three being present in the largest quantities. Water samples collected at the POCIS sampling sites exhibited thyroid and estrogen axis disrupting activities in vivo, in addition to developmental and behaviour effects on Xenopus laevis tadpoles model. Based on our observations, for the health of local human and wildlife populations, further monitoring as well as actions to reduce agrochemical use should be considered in the Kibale National Park and in regions exposed to similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Spirhanzlova
- UMR 7221 Evolution of Endocrine Regulations, Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- UMR 7221 Evolution of Endocrine Regulations, Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Evolution of Endocrine Regulations, Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lardy-Fontan
- Laboratoire de Métrologie et D'Essais, 1, Rue Gaston Boissier, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sophie Vaslin-Reimann
- Laboratoire de Métrologie et D'Essais, 1, Rue Gaston Boissier, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Béatrice Lalere
- Laboratoire de Métrologie et D'Essais, 1, Rue Gaston Boissier, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | - Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie et D'ethnobiologie, Hommes et Environnements, Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Musée de L'Homme, 17 Place Du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France; Great Ape Conservation Project (GACP), Sebitoli Research Station, Kibale National Park, Fort Portal, Uganda
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Ciera L, Beladjal L, Van Landuyt L, Menger D, Holdinga M, Mertens J, Van Langenhove L, De Clerk K, Gheysens T. Electrospinning repellents in polyvinyl alcohol-nanofibres for obtaining mosquito-repelling fabrics. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:182139. [PMID: 31598223 PMCID: PMC6731725 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of repellents for preventing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases is getting increasingly more attention. However, most of the current repellents are volatile in nature and must be frequently re-applied as their efficacy is only limited to a short period of time. Therefore, a slow release and abrasion-resistant mechanism is needed for prolonging the protection time of the repellents. The focus of this study is on the direct micro-encapsulation of repellents from an emulsion and integration of already encapsulated repellents into nanofibres via electrospinning. Different repellents were electrospun in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous structures, namely p-menthane-3,8-diol micro-capsules, permethrin, chilli and catnip oil. The repellents were successfully incorporated in the nanofibres and the tensile properties of the resulting samples did not have a significant change. This means that the newly created textiles were identical to current PVA nanofibrous textiles with the added benefit of being mosquito repellent. Principally, all incorporated repellents in the nanofibrous structures showed a significantly reduced number of mosquito landings compared to the control. Consequently, the currently described method resulted in a new and very effective repelling textile material that can be used in the prevention against mosquito-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ciera
- The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lynda Beladjal
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lieve Van Landuyt
- Textile Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - David Menger
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Holdinga
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Mertens
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Karen De Clerk
- Textile Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Tom Gheysens
- Textile Department, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Effect of tiliamosine, a bis, benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thom on the immature stages of filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus say (Diptera: Culicidae). Exp Parasitol 2019; 204:107719. [PMID: 31255572 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to check the mosquitocidal activity of tiliamosine isolated from Tiliacora acuminata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thom against immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus. Eggs and larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations of tiliamosine - 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm - prepared using DMSO. The compound tiliamosine showed good larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 1.13 and 2.85 ppm respectively, against third-instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus at 24 h. In control, the larvae exhibited normal movement. Tiliamosine exhibited 91% ovicidal activity at 2.0 ppm concentration after 120 h post-treatment. Lowest concentration of tiliamosine (0.5 ppm) showed 19% egg mortality. Histopathology study of the compound-treated larvae showed serious damage on the larval midgut cells. The treated larvae showed restless movement which was different from that of the control larvae. The larvae exhibited malformation in development. The compound tiliamosine was harmless to non-target organisms P. reticulata and Dragon fly nymph at tested concentrations. The compound was highly active and inhibited AChE in a concentration-dependent manner. Computational analysis of the tiliamosine had strong interaction with AChE1 of Cx. quinquefasciatus. This report clearly suggests that the isolated compound can be used as an insecticide to control mosquito population and thus prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases.
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Sick F, Beer M, Kampen H, Wernike K. Culicoides Biting Midges-Underestimated Vectors for Arboviruses of Public Health and Veterinary Importance. Viruses 2019; 11:E376. [PMID: 31022868 PMCID: PMC6520762 DOI: 10.3390/v11040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Culicoides biting midges, small hematophagous dipterans, are the demonstrated or putative vectors of multiple arboviruses of veterinary and public health importance. Despite its relevance in disease spread, the ceratopogonid genus Culicoides is still a largely neglected group of species, predominantly because the major human-affecting arboviruses are considered to be transmitted by mosquitoes. However, when a pathogen is detected in a certain vector species, a thorough search for further vectors often remains undone and, therefore, the relevant vector species may remain unknown. Furthermore, for many hematophagous arthropods, true vector competence is often merely suspected and not experimentally proven. Therefore, we aim to illuminate the general impact of Culicoides biting midges and to summarize the knowledge about biting midge-borne disease agents using the order Bunyavirales, the largest and most diverse group of RNA viruses, as an example. When considering only viruses evidentially transmitted by Culicoides midges, the Simbu serogroup (genus Orthobunyavirus) is presumably the most important group within the virus order. Its members are of great veterinary importance, as a variety of simbuviruses, e.g., the species Akabane orthobunyavirus or Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus, induces severe congenital infections in pregnant animals. The major zoonotic representative of this serogroup occurs in South and Central America and causes the so-called Oropouche fever, an acute febrile illness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Sick
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Helge Kampen
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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Deletre E, Martin T, Duménil C, Chandre F. Insecticide resistance modifies mosquito response to DEET and natural repellents. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:89. [PMID: 30867033 PMCID: PMC6417241 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae has led to the search for not only alternative insecticides, but also repellent chemical compounds. However, little is known about the potential actions of repellents and the cross-resistance risk between insecticide and repellent compounds. Methods Here we show the action of permethrin, DEET, geraniol, carvacrol, culminaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde against three A. gambiae strains: ‘Kis’ (Kisumu susceptible strain), ‘KdrKis’ (pyrethroid resistant strain) and ‘AcerKis’ (organophosphate resistant strain), the last two differing from the first by a mutation on the kdr and ace1 genes, respectively. Conclusions Results from the DEET assays show it induced repellency for the resistant KdrKis and AcerKis strains but maintained irritancy for the susceptible strain. More generally, we show resistance genes modify the behavior of An. gambiae, increasing or decreasing the effectiveness of DEET and natural compounds, depending on the mutation. These findings offer a new avenue for research on the target and mechanism of repellent compounds. We discuss these findings in the context of vector control strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3343-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Deletre
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France. .,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Thibaud Martin
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Claire Duménil
- Cirad - Montpellier University - UPR Hortsys, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- UMR MIVEGEC, IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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Ma Y, Li M, Zhang H, Sun H, Su H, Wang Y, Du Z. Bioassay-guided isolation of active compounds from Adenosma buchneroides essential oil as mosquito repellent against Aedes albopictus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:386-393. [PMID: 30471377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A folk herb Adenosma buchneroides found in the previous ethnobotanical investigation plays an important role as an insect repellent among the Aini people in southwest of China, but the active compounds responsible for repellent activity of the plant have not yet been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY The main purpose of the study is to identify the active components of the essential oil which responsible for its repellent activity against Aedes albopictus to support the usage of the plant as mosquito repellent by Aini people. In addition, to supply a class of potential alternatives characterized carvacrol analogues to develop natural repellent products. MATERIAL AND METHODS The essential oil from aerial part of Ad. buchneroides was extracted by hydrodistillation. A systematic bioassay-guided isolation of repellent compounds from the essential oil was conducted through chromatographic fractionation combined with in-cage mosquito repellent bioassay. The identification of the essential oil components was accomplished by GC-MS and GC-FID techniques. The structural elucidation of compounds was performed on the basis of IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR. Larvicidal activity and cytotoxicity of all repellent compounds also tested by larval bioassays and MTS assays, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) of carvacrol analogues was investigated by in-cage mosquito repellent bioassay. RESULTS The essential oil of the plant showed strong mosquito repellent activity with minimum effective dosage (MED) of 0.019 ± 0.007 mg/cm2, compared to reference standard N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) (0.031 ± 0.014 mg/cm2). 26 compounds representing 97.8% of the essential oil were identified. Carvacrol, carvacrol methyl ether and a new fragrant compound, adenosmin A (1) were found to be repellent compounds by systematic bioassay-guided isolation, with MEDs in the range of 0.011-0.125 mg/cm2. An investigation on SAR of carvacrol analogues led to the discover of three analogues with further lower MEDs (0.002-0.009 mg/cm2) than that of DEET, and other three compounds with similar MEDs (0.029-0.039 mg/cm2) to that of DEET. Carvacrol (LD50 of 24.8 ppm) was the best larvicide among tested repellent compounds. The essential oil and repellent compounds against seven mammalian cell lines revealed low or no cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Scientific evidences reported here validate the plant's traditional use as insect repellent and imply promising application of the essential oil and carvacrol analogues as natural mosquito repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- Kunming City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Honghai Su
- Kunming City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhizhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Reichert W, Ejercito J, Guda T, Dong X, Wu Q, Ray A, Simon JE. Repellency Assessment of Nepeta cataria Essential Oils and Isolated Nepetalactones on Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1524. [PMID: 30728370 PMCID: PMC6365536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increased need for improved and affordable insect repellents to reduce transmission of rapidly spreading diseases with high mortality rates. Natural products are often used when DEET cannot be afforded or accessed and when consumers choose not to use a synthetic repellent. The essential oils from two newly bred Nepeta cataria (catnip) plants representing two different chemotypes and their respective isolated nepetalactone isomers were evaluated as mosquito repellents against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit the Zika and Dengue virus in a one choice landing rate inhibition assay. A dose response curve was generated for each treatment and a time course analysis of repellency was performed over 24 hours with a N. cataria essential oil sample. The results indicate that all essential oil samples and their respective purified nepetalactone isomers were able to achieve greater than 95% repellency. Between two and four hours, the ability to repel more than 95% of the mosquitoes diminished. At the lowest concentrations tested, the nepetalactones and crude essential oil samples were more effective than DEET at reducing the number of mosquito landings.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Reichert
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jadrian Ejercito
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Tom Guda
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xujun Dong
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anandasankar Ray
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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43
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Molecular evidence for the inhibition of cytochrome p450s and cholinesterases in ticks by the repellent DEET. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:515-522. [PMID: 30612950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
For more than 50 years DEET (N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide) has been considered the gold standard of repellents. It is applied to the skin or clothing to deter mosquitoes and other blood-sucking invertebrate pests from approaching and/or settling, and ultimately it provides temporary protection from bites. Despite rampant global use, surprisingly little is understood about DEET's mode of action and the molecular targets of the active ingredient. Furthermore, the theories into its mechanism for repellency are largely based off fruit fly and mosquito research. Since ticks possess a unique sensory structure, the Haller's organ, the specific genes and pathways associated with DEET avoidance may differ from insects. In these studies, we collected American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) from four natural populations within Manitoba, Canada. We first carried out behavior assays, which showed DEET effectively repelled the ticks. RNA sequencing revealed that DEET caused a rapid and substantial reduction in the abundance of transcripts encoding cytochrome P450 and acetylcholinesterase genes, which gradually recovered over the 24 h time course. Finally, enzymatic kinetics provided functional support for DEET's role as an effective inhibitor of P450 s. While many facets of its mode of action remain to be worked out, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of DEET's repellence in ticks.
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44
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Mulatier M, Porciani A, Nadalin L, Ahoua Alou LP, Chandre F, Pennetier C, Dormont L, Cohuet A. DEET Efficacy Increases With Age in the Vector Mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:1542-1548. [PMID: 30137424 PMCID: PMC6201824 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Old mosquitoes are the most likely to transmit pathogens due to the higher probability that they will be exposed to pathogens, and the time required before a mosquito becomes infectious, the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). However, old mosquitoes are rarely considered in the evaluation of control tools. This study evaluated the effect of mosquito aging on the repellent efficacy of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) in two vector mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Giles) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), respective vectors of malaria parasites and arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. For both mosquito species, DEET-induced inhibition of blood-feeding was assessed in three age classes. Life-history traits related to mosquito fecundity and survival following DEET exposure were also measured. Results showed that, in both species, bloodmeal inhibition induced by DEET was significantly higher in old females (>18 d old) than in younger ones (<13 d old). Life history traits recording showed no combined effects of DEET and aging on mosquito blood engorgement, oviposition rate, number of eggs laid nor survival; however, age effects are reported for all these traits. These results highlight the need for taking into account mosquito age in the evaluation of integrated mosquito management tools. They also suggest that the control of vector-borne pathogens with a long EIP could be improved by targeting old mosquitoes and supports the efficacy of repellents in the fight against mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Mulatier
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, BP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- CEFE, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Louis Nadalin
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, BP, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | | | - Fabrice Chandre
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, BP, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Cédric Pennetier
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, BP, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Cohuet
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, BP, Montpellier Cedex, France
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45
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Ganesan P, Stalin A, Gabriel Paulraj M, Balakrishna K, Ignacimuthu S, Abdullah Al-Dhabi N. Biocontrol and non-target effect of fractions and compound isolated from Streptomyces rimosus on the immature stages of filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) and the compound interaction with Acetylcholinesterase (AChE1). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:120-128. [PMID: 29879572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to check the mosquitocidal activity of intracellular methanol extract fractions and the compound di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from Streptomyces rimosus. The isolated compound was also analyzed for its interaction with Acetylcholinesterase (AChE1). The larvae and eggs of Culex quinquefasciatus were exposed to four different concentrations such as 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 ppm for fractions and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm for compound. After 24 and 120 h post treatment, the larval mortality and ovicidal activity were recorded. Fractions collected from the intracellular methanol extract were tested for larvicidal activity; among them Fraction 4 was found to be the active fraction. Fraction 4 showed 74% larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 6.9 and 17.2 ppm, respectively, in 24 h against the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Fraction 4 showed 95% ovicidal activity at 10 ppm concentration after 120 h post treatment. The eluted compound di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was highly toxic and exhibited promising activity against the eggs of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The compound presented 94% ovicidal activity at 2.0 ppm concentration after 120 h post treatment. The larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate which showed good activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The compound showed 76% larvicidal activity against the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 and LC90 values of 1.22 and 3.28 ppm, respectively, at 2 ppm concentration in 24 h. Fraction 4 and the compound were subjected to toxicity study against non-target organism and were found to be nontoxic. The present studies revealed that the treated larvae showed serious damage in the midgut cells. Growth disruption and larval deformities were observed in compound-treated larvae. The compound was highly active and inhibited AChE in a concentration-dependent manner. Computational analysis of the compound had strong interaction with AChE1 of Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results clearly showed that Fraction 4 and the compound isolated from S. rimosus can be used to control the life stages of Cx. quinquefasciatus; it will be a good alternative to synthetic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathalam Ganesan
- Division of Vector Control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Antony Stalin
- Division of Bioinformatics, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India; Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Micheal Gabriel Paulraj
- Division of Vector Control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Kedike Balakrishna
- Division of Vector Control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of Vector Control, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, India; International Scientific Partnership Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Kool J, Somsen GW, Wang Q, Jiang Z. Online screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in natural products using monolith-based immobilized capillary enzyme reactors combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1563:135-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Mulatier M, Ahoua Alou LP, Chandre F, Pennetier C, Dormont L, Cohuet A. Effect of DEET-multiple exposures on behavior and life history traits in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (s.s.). Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:432. [PMID: 30045761 PMCID: PMC6060454 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector-borne diseases are major public health concerns, and their control is threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance in vector populations. In this context, the use of repellents is an alternative approach to limit vector-host interactions. However, prior exposure to repellents is suspected to affect mosquito behavior at the subsequent exposure, possibly reducing the efficacy of the compound. Despite this, the effect of mosquito experience on repellent efficacy remains poorly documented. In the present study, we tested whether a first blood meal successfully obtained upon a DEET-treated net would affect the success at taking a second blood meal in spite of DEET in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (s.s.). The impact of DEET on mosquito life history traits after the first and the second exposure was also measured, in order to assess the long-term consequences of multiple exposures to DEET in vector insects. Results A first blood meal obtained upon a DEET-treated net did not influence the success of An. gambiae females to take a second blood meal in spite of DEET. However, data showed that a prior exposure to DEET negatively affected all life history traits tested in this study related to fecundity and fertility. DEET pre-exposed females displayed a reduction in blood engorgement at the second exposure, as well as a reduction in the number of eggs laid and in the proportion of offspring that reach adult stage. Also, an increase of mosquito activity was observed during the second blood meal in DEET-pre-exposed females. Taken together, these data suggest an overall impact of DEET exposure on mosquito fitness. Conclusions Our results did not evidence any effect of a prior exposure to DEET on its efficacy during the second exposure. However, data show a negative impact of DEET exposure on mosquito fitness. These results give insights to understand the long-term efficacy of the most used mosquito repellent, and highlight that DEET induces deleterious effects on mosquito fitness in addition to repellency, potentially increasing its efficacy for controlling vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Mulatier
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,CEFE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Fabrice Chandre
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Pennetier
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Laurent Dormont
- CEFE, University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Cohuet
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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48
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Effect of compound isolated from Lawsonia inermis (L.) (Myrtales: Lythraceae) on the immature stages of filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) and its docking analysis with Acetylcholinesterase (AChE1). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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49
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Thireou T, Kythreoti G, Tsitsanou KE, Koussis K, Drakou CE, Kinnersley J, Kröber T, Guerin PM, Zhou JJ, Iatrou K, Eliopoulos E, Zographos SE. Identification of novel bioinspired synthetic mosquito repellents by combined ligand-based screening and OBP-structure-based molecular docking. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:48-61. [PMID: 29751047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report a fast and efficient virtual screening protocol for discovery of novel bioinspired synthetic mosquito repellents with lower volatility and, in all likelihood, increased protection time as compared with their plant-derived parental compounds. Our screening protocol comprises two filtering steps. The first filter is based on the shape and chemical similarity to known plant-derived repellents, whereas the second filter is based on the predicted similarity of the ligand's binding mode to the Anopheles gambiae odorant binding protein (AgamOBP1) relative to that of DEET and Icaridin to the same OBP. Using this protocol, a chemical library containing 42,755 synthetic molecules was screened in silico and sixteen selected compounds were tested for their affinity to AgamOBP1 in vitro and repellence against A. gambiae female mosquitoes using a warm-body repellent assay. One of them showed DEET-like repellence (91%) but with significantly lower volatility (2.84 × 10-6 mmHg) than either DEET (1.35 × 10-3 mmHg) or its parental cuminic acid (3.08 × 10-3 mmHg), and four other compounds were found to exhibit repellent indices between 69 and 79%. Overall, a correlation was not evident between repellence and OBP-binding strength. In contrast, a correlation between binding mode and repellence was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trias Thireou
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kythreoti
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina E Tsitsanou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Koussis
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina E Drakou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Julie Kinnersley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Thomas Kröber
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, rue Emile-Argand, 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M Guerin
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, rue Emile-Argand, 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Kostas Iatrou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10 Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros E Zographos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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50
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Feng Y, Chen J, Zhang A. Commercially Available Natural Benzyl Esters and Their Synthetic Analogs Exhibit Different Toxicities against Insect Pests. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7902. [PMID: 29784959 PMCID: PMC5962541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzyl methyl ester, also known as methyl benzoate (MB), is a volatile organic compound that exists naturally as a floral fragrance in many plants. Our behavioral bioassays show that MB and some of its naturally occurring and synthetic analogs kill insects at different life stages. Compared to commercial pesticides containing pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid, MB and some analogs are 1.3 to 3.4 times more toxic to gypsy moth larvae and brown marmorated stinkbug nymphs. The arthropod repellent DEET is also a benzyl ester, and shares the same chemical skeleton with MB. They differ by the diethylamide ester and a methyl group on the benzene ring in DEET. However, unlike MB, DEET does not kill insects; instead, it deters or repels them. Exactly how DEET causes the repellent effect in target organisms is still a mystery. Due to the MB's structural similarity to DEET, exploring the structure - activity relationship (SAR) of the MB analogs will provide useful information for the discovery of the mode and mechanistic actions of DEET as an insect repellent. In addition, the SAR will allow researchers to modify the chemical structure of the MB molecule, leading to the development of more efficient, safe, and environmentally - friendly green pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Biological Control Laboratory, Stoneville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Aijun Zhang
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
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