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Huang Z, Ma K, Yin X, Li Z, Chen M, Duan Y, Li L, Hu Y. The associations of fatty acids related dietary patterns with overweight and obesity among Chinese children. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:54. [PMID: 38654346 PMCID: PMC11036597 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood overweight and obesity is becoming an emerging face of malnutrition. The aims of this study were to develop fatty acid (FAs) related dietary patterns and explored the associations of FAs related dietary patterns with overweight and obesity among Chinese children. METHODS An observational study was conducted on 435 children aged 4 to 7 years old in South Central China. Erythrocyte FAs composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diet was collected by food frequency questionnaires and dietary patterns were evaluated by reduced rank regression. The logistic regression analysis was used to exploring the association of dietary patterns with overweight and obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and overweight or obesity were 6.52, 4.59, and 11.11% in Chinese children, respectively. Twenty five types of FAs were detected in erythrocyte of children and four FAs related dietary patterns were identified. The dietary pattern positively correlated with n-3 PUFAs, but negatively with SFAs,was characterized by high intake of fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish, leaf-off vegetable, nuts, and tubers, which have a significantly decreased overweight risk (OR = 0.580, 95%CI: 0.375 ∼ 0.895, P = 0.014).The pattern positively strong associated with n-6 PUFAs, but negatively strong with n-3 PUFAs, had high intake of snacks, leaf-off vegetable, fresh beans, and coarse cereals, which have a significantly decreased obesity risk (OR = 0.518, 95%CI: 0.325 ∼ 0.827, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Four FAs related dietary patterns were identified. The dietary pattern with high intake of fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish decreased overweight risk by increasing n-3 PUFAs, and decreasing SFAs. The dietary pattern with high intake of plant food, decreased obesity risk by providing an balanced n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- School of Public Health and Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Jinxi Road No.492, 418000, Huaihua, China
| | - Keyu Ma
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road No.28, 421001, Hengyang, China
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaochen Yin
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Ziming Li
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Chen
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Duan
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China
| | - Yuming Hu
- The department of Toxicology, Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Furong Road No.450, 410005, Changsha, China.
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Li KP, Gleba JJ, Parent EE, Knight JA, Copland JA, Cai H. Radiosynthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of [ 11C]SSI-4 for the Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4129-4137. [PMID: 37409698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme for converting saturated fatty acids (SFAs) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and plays a key role in endogenous (de novo) fatty acid metabolism. Given that this pathway is broadly upregulated across many tumor types with an aggressive phenotype, SCD1 has emerged as a compelling target for cancer imaging and therapy. The ligand 2-(4-(2-chlorophenoxy)piperidine-1-carboxamido)-N-methylisonicotinamide (SSI-4) was identified as a potent and highly specific SCD1 inhibitor with a strong binding affinity for SCD1 at our laboratory. We herein report the radiosynthesis of [11C]SSI-4 and the preliminary biological evaluation including in vivo PET imaging of SCD1 in a human tumor xenograft model. Radiotracer [11C]SSI-4 was labeled at the carbamide position via the direct [11C]CO2 fixation on the Synthra MeIplus module in high molar activity and good radiochemical yield. In vitro cell uptake assays were performed with three hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and three renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. Additionally, in vivo small animal PET/CT imaging with [11C]SSI-4 and the biodistribution were carried out in a mouse model bearing HCC xenografts. Radiotracer [11C]SSI-4 afforded a 4.14 ± 0.44% (decay uncorrected, n = 10) radiochemical yield based on starting [11]CO2 radioactivity. The [11C]SSI-4 radiosynthesis time including HPLC purification and SPE formulation was 25 min from the end of bombardment to the end of synthesis (EOS). The radiochemical purity of [11C]SSI-4 was 98.45 ± 1.43% (n = 10) with a molar activity of 225.82 ± 33.54 GBq/μmol (6.10 ± 0.91 Ci/μmol) at the EOS. In vitro cell uptake study indicated all SSI-4 responsive HCC and RCC cell line uptakes demonstrate specific uptake and are blocked by standard compound SSI-4. Preliminary small animal PET/CT imaging study showed high specific uptake and block of [11C]SSI-4 uptake with co-injection of cold SSI-4 in high SCD1-expressing organs including lacrimal gland, brown fat, liver, and tumor. In summary, novel radiotracer [11C]SSI-4 was rapidly and automatedly radiosynthesized by direct [11C]CO2 fixation. Our preliminary biological evaluation results suggest [11C]SSI-4 could be a promising radiotracer for PET imaging of SCD1 overexpressing tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Po Li
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Justyna J Gleba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Ephraim E Parent
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Joshua A Knight
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Hancheng Cai
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
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Easton ZJW, Sarr O, Zhao L, Buzatto AZ, Luo X, Zhao S, Li L, Regnault TRH. An Integrated Multi-OMICS Approach Highlights Elevated Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Impact BeWo Trophoblast Metabolism and Lipid Processing. Metabolites 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 37623828 PMCID: PMC10456680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are linked with impaired placental function and early onset of non-communicable cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. Previous studies have highlighted that the dietary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) palmitate (PA) and oleate (OA), key dietary metabolites associated with maternal obesity and GDM, are potential modulators of placental lipid processing. Using the BeWo cell line model, the current study integrated transcriptomic (mRNA microarray), metabolomic, and lipidomic readouts to characterize the underlying impacts of exogenous PA and OA on placental villous trophoblast cell metabolism. Targeted gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography highlighted that saturated and monounsaturated NEFAs differentially impact BeWo cell lipid profiles. Furthermore, cellular lipid profiles differed when exposed to single and multiple NEFA species. Additional multi-omic analyses suggested that PA exposure is associated with enrichment in β-oxidation pathways, while OA exposure is associated with enrichment in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Overall, this study further demonstrated that dietary PA and OA are important regulators of placental lipid metabolism. Encouraging appropriate dietary advice and implementing dietary interventions to maintain appropriate placental function by limiting excessive exposure to saturated NEFAs remain crucial in managing at-risk obese and GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. W. Easton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Adriana Zardini Buzatto
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xian Luo
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, B2-401 London Health Science Centre-Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6H 5W9, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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Adebayo-Gege G, Alicha V, Omayone TO, Nzekwe SC, Irozuoke CA, Ojo OA, Ajayi AF. Anti-atherogenic and cardio-protective properties of sweet melon (Cucumis melo. L. Inodorus) seed extract on high fat diet induced obesity in male wistar rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:334. [PMID: 36539762 PMCID: PMC9764567 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucumis melon is a medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and diuretic effects. An increasing body of scientific evidence established the anti-diabetic/anti-obesity effects of Cucumis melo in humans, mice, and hamster models. However, there are no tangible reports on its ability to prevent cardiovascular complications following diet-induced obesity. The anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effects of the Methanolic extract of Cucumis melo. L. Inodorus seeds on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats was assessed in this study. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, (n = 8/group); i.e., Normal (N), HFD, HFD + 50 mg/kg b.w. of MCMs (Methanolic extract of Cucumis melon seeds), HFD + 100 mg/Kg b.w. of MCMs and HFD + 200 mg/kg b.w. of MCMs. The experimental animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed after 10 weeks, and blood samples and heart tissue were collected for further analysis. Using the Graph Pad Prism version 5.0, the results expressed as Mean ± SD was tested using the one-way ANOVA to show intergroup differences, followed by Bonferonni 's post hoc test. The level of significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS MCMs significantly (P < 0.05) reduced body weight, adiposity index, total fat mass, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and total cholesterol (TC) compared with the HFD obese groups MCMs caused a significant reduction in the body weight, total fat mass, adiposity index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and total cholesterol (TC) when compared to the animals in HFD obese groups. Also, the Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli index and, malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in MCMs treated groups compared to the HFD obese group. The catalase, protein, and HDL levels were significantly increased in MCMs treated groups compared to HFD-obese animals. Expression of nitric oxide in the form of nitrite in the heart tissue significantly increased in the MCMs treated compared to the HFD-obese rats, with the majority of the positive results recorded at 100 mg/Kg b.w. of MCMs. CONCLUSIONS MCMs have anti-atherogenic and Cardio-protective properties on High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male rats via an antioxidant and nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Further study is recommended to evaluate the molecular mechanisms to which these anti-atherogenic and cardio-protective actions can be attributed and exploit the GCMS result in the development of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Adebayo-Gege
- grid.449385.70000 0004 4691 0106Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Baze University, Jabi, Nigeria
| | - V. Alicha
- grid.442643.30000 0004 0450 2542Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria
| | - T. O. Omayone
- grid.411257.40000 0000 9518 4324Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, FUTA, Akure, Nigeria
| | - S. C. Nzekwe
- grid.472242.50000 0004 4649 0041Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State Nigeria
| | - C. A. Irozuoke
- grid.449385.70000 0004 4691 0106Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Baze University, Jabi, Nigeria
| | - O. A. Ojo
- grid.442598.60000 0004 0630 3934Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo, 232101 Nigeria
| | - A. F. Ajayi
- grid.411270.10000 0000 9777 3851Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria ,Anchor BioMed Researh Institute, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
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Óvilo C, Trakooljul N, Núñez Y, Hadlich F, Murani E, Ayuso M, García-Contreras C, Vázquez-Gómez M, Rey AI, Garcia F, García-Casco JM, López-Bote C, Isabel B, González-Bulnes A, Wimmers K, Muñoz M. SNP discovery and association study for growth, fatness and meat quality traits in Iberian crossbred pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16361. [PMID: 36180572 PMCID: PMC9525691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iberian pigs and its crosses are produced to obtain high-quality meat products. The objective of this work was to evaluate a wide panel of DNA markers, selected by biological and functional criteria, for association with traits related to muscle growth, fatness, meat quality and metabolism. We used 18 crossbred Iberian pigs with divergent postnatal growth patterns for whole genome sequencing and SNP discovery, with over 13 million variants being detected. We selected 1023 missense SNPs located on annotated genes and showing different allele frequencies between pigs with makerdly different growth patterns. We complemented this panel with 192 candidate SNPs obtained from literature mining and from muscle RNAseq data. The selected markers were genotyped in 480 Iberian × Duroc pigs from a commercial population, in which phenotypes were obtained, and an association study was performed for the 1005 successfully genotyped SNPs showing segregation. The results confirmed the effects of several known SNPs in candidate genes (such as LEPR, ACACA, FTO, LIPE or SCD on fatness, growth and fatty acid composition) and also disclosed interesting effects of new SNPs in less known genes such as LRIG3, DENND1B, SOWAHB, EPHX1 or NFE2L2 affecting body weight, average daily gain and adiposity at different ages, or KRT10, NLE1, KCNH2 or AHNAK affecting fatness and FA composition. The results provide a valuable basis for future implementation of marker-assisted selection strategies in swine and contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architecture of relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Óvilo
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - N Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Y Núñez
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Hadlich
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Murani
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Ayuso
- CoPeD, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - C García-Contreras
- Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - A I Rey
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Garcia
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C López-Bote
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Isabel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - A González-Bulnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Valencia, Spain
| | - K Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Muñoz
- Departamento Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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da Silva Pérez EM, de Alencar NMN, de Figueiredo IST, Aragão KS, Gaban SVF. Effect of safflower oil ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) supplementation in the abdominal adipose tissues and body weight of male Wistar rats undergoing exercise training. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100083. [PMID: 35415687 PMCID: PMC8991724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil supplementation on the metabolic parameters, body weight, and abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) while undergoing exercise training. The rats were assigned to four groups: standard diet and sedentary (SDS), high-fat diet and sedentary (HFDS), high-fat diet and training (HFDT), and high-fat diet, training, and safflower oil (HFDTSO) groups. HFD significantly increased the abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats. The safflower oil had no effect on the body weight and levels of blood glucose, TG, and TC, but it significantly reduced abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with an HFD while undergoing exercise training. Safflower oil supplementation reduced the abdominal fat in rats undergoing swimming training.
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Key Words
- Abdominal adiposity
- Body weight
- HFD, High-fat diet
- HFDS, High-fat diet and sedentary
- HFDT, High-fat diet and training
- HFDTSO, High-fat diet, training and safflower oil
- L, lard-based diet
- LA, Linoleic acid
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- MUFAs, Monounsaturated fatty acids
- Obesity
- PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- S, safflower-linseed oil-based diet
- SD, Standard diet
- SDS, Standard diet and sedentary
- Safflower oil
- TC, Total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
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A pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya alleviates metabolic alterations in a hypercaloric diet obesity model in Swiss mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Human placental mesenchymal stromal cell therapy restores the cytokine efflux and insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Hum Cell 2022; 35:557-571. [PMID: 35091972 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Obesity poses a significant risk factor for the onset of metabolic syndrome with allied complications, wherein mesenchymal stem cell therapy is seen as a promising treatment for obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we aim to explore the beneficial effects of the human placental mesenchymal stromal cells (P-MSCs) on obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) including inflammation. To understand this, we have analyzed the peripheral blood glucose, serum insulin levels by ELISA, and the glucose uptake capacity of skeletal muscle by a 2-NBDG assay using flow cytometry in WNIN/GR-Ob rats treated with and without P-MSCs. Also, we have studied insulin signaling and cytokine profile in the skeletal muscle by western blotting, dot blotting, and Multiplex-ELISA techniques. The skeletal muscle of WNIN/GR-Ob rats demonstrates dysregulation of cytokines, altered glucose uptake vis-a-vis insulin signaling. However, P-MSCs' treatment was effective in WNIN/GR-Ob rats as compared to its control, to restore HOMA-IR, re-establishes dysregulated cytokines and PI3K-Akt pathway in addition to enhanced Glut4 expression and glucose uptake studied in skeletal muscle. Overall, our data advocate the beneficial effects of P-MSCs to ameliorate inflammatory milieu, improve insulin sensitivity, and normalize glucose homeostasis underlining the Ob-T2D conditions, and we attribute for immunomodulatory, paracrine, autocrine, and multipotent functions of P-MSCs.
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Jeyakumar SM, Vajreswari A. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1: A potential target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?-perspective on emerging experimental evidence. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:168-179. [PMID: 35126846 PMCID: PMC8790397 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i1.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive disease and one of the leading causes of death. An unnamed disease has become a global epidemic disease of public health concern. This spectrum of diseases manifests itself with initial accumulation of excessive triglycerides (due to de novo lipogenesis) in the hepatocytes, leading to simple steatosis. Although its aetiology is multi-factorial, lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) are considered to be the key thriving factors. In this context, high fructose consumption is associated with an increased risk for developing NAFLD in humans, while high-fructose feeding to experimental animals results in hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, by increasing hepatic lipogenesis. Among several lipogenic genes, the endoplasmic reticulum-bound stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the key determinant of triglycerides biosynthesis pathway, by providing monounsaturated fatty acids, through the incorporation of a double bond at the delta-9 position of saturated fatty acids, specifically, palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids, yielding palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic (C18:1) acids, respectively. Various experimental studies involving SCD1 gene knockout and diet-induced rodent models have demonstrated that SCD1 plays a key role in the development of NAFLD, by modulating hepatic lipogenesis and thus triglyceride accumulation in the liver. Several pharmacological and dietary intervention studies have shown the benefits of inhibiting hepatic SCD1 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we give an overview of SCD1 in NAFLD, based on the current experimental evidence and the translational applicability of SCD1 inhibition in human NAFLD conditions, besides discussing the limitations and way-forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Murugaiha Jeyakumar
- Division of Lipid Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600031, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mahesh M, Pandey H, Raja Gopal Reddy M, Prabhakaran Sobhana P, Korrapati D, Uday Kumar P, Vajreswari A, Jeyakumar SM. Carrot Juice Consumption Reduces High Fructose-Induced Adiposity in Rats and Body Weight and BMI in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211014917. [PMID: 34349520 PMCID: PMC8287410 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211014917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional intervention is a key strategy in the control and management of non-communicable diseases. Here, initially, we evaluated the effects of carrot juice (CJ) on some of the physical and biochemical parameters in rats fed with high-fructose diet, then in type 2 diabetic subjects. For the animal study, weanling male Wistar rats were given control (n = 6) or high fructose (HFr; n = 24) diet for 8 weeks. Then, the HFr group rats were subdivided into 4 groups (n = 6 in each) and continued either on HFr diet or shifted to control diet, with or without CJ (0.3 mg β-carotene) ingestion orally for 8 weeks. At the end, the ingestion of CJ reversed the HFr-induced adiposity (23 ± 1.6 vs 18 ± 1.1, P = .038), hypertriglyceridemia (182 ± 18.2 vs 90 ± 10.5 mg/dL, P<0.001), and hyperinsulinemia (81 ± 14.7 vs 40 ± 7.5 µU/mL, P = .014), while increased the retinol levels in liver (240 ± 38.4 vs 492 ± 61.2 µg/g, P = .002) and adipose tissue (1.8 ± 0.09 vs 2.5 ± 0.18 µg/g, P = .026). On the other hand, in the diabetic subjects (7 males and females each, n = 14) compared to their baseline, the daily consumption of 50 mL CJ (~2400 µg β-carotene) for 6 weeks significantly reduced the body weight (69.4 ± 4.13 vs 69.0 ± 4.09 kg, P = .014), BMI (27.4 ± 1.07 vs 27.2 ± 1.06 kg/m2, P = .007), and fat% (33.4 ± 1.87 vs 31.9 ± 2.13, P = .029) with an increase in plasma β-carotene levels (0.21 ± 0.045 vs 0.45 ± 0.089 µmol/L, P = .044). Although CJ increased the glucose (145 ± 10.4 vs 165 ± 11.4 mg/dL, P = .039), insulin, and glycated hemoglobin levels remained unaltered. In conclusion, the consumption of carrot juice reversed the HFr-induced metabolic abnormalities in a rat model and decreased body weight and BMI of diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malleswarapu Mahesh
- Division of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Himanshi Pandey
- Division of Dietetics, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy
- Division of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Damayanti Korrapati
- Division of Dietetics, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Putcha Uday Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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11
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Bastías-Pérez M, Serra D, Herrero L. Dietary Options for Rodents in the Study of Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113234. [PMID: 33105762 PMCID: PMC7690621 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases are currently a priority research area. The increase in global prevalence at different ages is having an enormous economic and health impact. Genetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in the development of obesity, and diet is one of the main factors that contributes directly to the obesogenic phenotype. Scientific evidence has shown that increased fat intake is associated with the increase in body weight that triggers obesity. Rodent animal models have been extremely useful in the study of obesity since weight gain can easily be induced with a high-fat diet. Here, we review the dietary patterns and physiological mechanisms involved in the dynamics of energy balance. We report the main dietary options for the study of obesity and the variables to consider in the use of a high-fat diet, and assess the progression of obesity and diet-induced thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Bastías-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (D.S.)
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (D.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.-P.); (D.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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12
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Miniewska K, Godzien J, Mojsak P, Maliszewska K, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Mass spectrometry-based determination of lipids and small molecules composing adipose tissue with a focus on brown adipose tissue. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113623. [PMID: 32966938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been the subject of research for a very long time. Many studies perform a comprehensive analysis of different types of adipose tissue with an emphasis on brown adipose tissue. Mass spectrometry-based approaches are particularly useful in the exploration not only of the metabolic composition of adipose tissue but also its function. In the presented review, a complex and critical overview of publications devoted to the analysis of adipose tissue by means of mass spectrometry was performed. Detailed investigation of analytical aspects related to either untargeted or targeted analysis of adipose tissue was performed, leading to the formation of a collection of hints at the available analytical methods. Moreover, a profound analysis of the metabolic composition of brown adipose tissue was performed. Brown adipose tissue metabolome was characterized on structural and functional levels, providing information about its exact metabolic composition but also connecting these molecules and placing them into biochemical pathways. All our work resulted in a very broad picture of the analysis of adipose tissue, starting from the analytical aspects and finishing on the current knowledge about its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Miniewska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Godzien
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patrycja Mojsak
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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13
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Gopal Reddy MR, Kumar MS, Acharya V, Venkata SM, Putcha UK, Jeyakumar SM. Vitamin A deficiency increases the oleic acid (C18:1) levels in the kidney of high fructose diet-fed rats. Indian J Med Res 2020; 150:620-629. [PMID: 32048626 PMCID: PMC7038806 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1574_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key lipogenic enzyme responsible for endogenous synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and plays a key role in various pathophysiology, including fatty liver diseases. In this experimental study the impact of vitamin A deficiency was assessed on SCD1 regulation in relation to kidney biology, under high fructose (HFr) diet-fed condition in rats. Methods Forty male weanling (21 day old) Wistar rats were divided into four groups control, vitamin A-deficient (VAD), HFr, VAD with HFr consisting of eight rats each, except 16 for the VAD group. The groups received one of the following diets: control, VAD, HFr and VAD with HFr for 16 wk, except half of the VAD diet-fed rats were shifted to HFr diet, after eight week period. Results Feeding of VAD diet (alone or with HFr) significantly reduced the kidney retinol (0.51, 0.44 μg/g vs. 2.1 μg/g; P < 0.05), while increased oleic (C18:1) and total MUFA levels (23.3, 22.2% and 27.3, 25.4% respectively vs. 14.7 and 16.6%; P < 0.05) without affecting the SCD1, both at protein and mRNA levels, when compared with HFr. Comparable, immunohistological staining for SCD1 was observed in the distal convoluted tubules. Despite an increase in MUFA, morphology, triglyceride content and markers of kidney function were not affected by VAD diet feeding. Interpretation & conclusions Feeding of VAD diet either alone or under HFr condition increased the kidney oleic acid (C18:1) levels and thus total MUFA, which corroborated with elevated SCD1 activity index, without affecting its expression status. However, these changes did not alter the kidney morphology and function. Thus, nutrient-gene regulation in kidney biology seems to be divergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy
- Divisions of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manchiryala Sravan Kumar
- Divisions of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vani Acharya
- Divisions of Lipid Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Divisions of Pathology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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14
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Saleh N, Nassef NA, Shawky MK, Elshishiny MI, Saleh HA. Novel approach for pathogenesis of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats as a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110935. [PMID: 32339647 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and osteoporosis are two chronic conditions that have been increasing in prevalence. Menopausal transition years place women at high risk for visceral obesity as well as osteoporosis. This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of visceral adiposity on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. METHODS We studied female Wistar rats aged 12-14 months, divided into four groups: a) Sham-operated control (SHAM) rats (n = 12), rats were fed a control diet (59% of food intake from carbohydrates, 7% from fat, 21% from protein, 13% from minerals and ash) for 12 weeks, b) High fat diet-fed control (HFD) group (n = 9), rats were fed a high fat diet (49% of food intake from carbohydrates, 17% from fat, 21% from protein, 13% from minerals and ash)for 12 weeks, c) Ovariectomized (OVX) rats (n = 14), rats were fed a control diet as SHAM rats, d) High fat diet- fed ovariectomized (OVX- HFD) rats (n = 13), rats were fed a high fat diet as HFD group. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. Unilateral left perirenal fats were surgically removed and weighed. Specimens from right perirenal fats and tibia were isolated and processed for histological examination. Histomorphometric analysis of the tibia and visceral adipose tissue was also performed. RESULTS OVX, HFD, and OVX-HFD rats showed a significant increase in relative visceral fat weight, and plasma ALP, and a significant decrease in plasma calcium, and phosphorus levels compared to SHAM rats. Light microscopic examination of the tibia of the OVX rats revealed a significant decrease in the cortical bone thickness (CBT) and the trabecular bone thickness (TBT), and a significant increase in bone marrow adipose tissue compared to SHAM rats. In addition, there was a significant increase in the osteoclast number, and a significant decrease in the osteoblast number. The changes in bone marrow adipose tissue as well as osteoclast number were further accentuated in OVX-HFD groups. CONCLUSIONS Visceral obesity played a crucial role in the development of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats through effects that might involve both osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- NermineK Saleh
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha A Nassef
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona K Shawky
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menna I Elshishiny
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Saleh
- Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Aljohani A, Khan MI, Bonneville A, Guo C, Jeffery J, O'Neill L, Syed DN, Lewis SA, Burhans M, Mukhtar H, Ntambi JM. Hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases glucose uptake in adipose tissue partially through the PGC-1α-FGF21 axis in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19475-19485. [PMID: 31690632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased carbohydrate consumption increases hepatic de novo lipogenesis, which has been linked to the development of chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a critical lipogenic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of two monounsaturated fatty acids, oleate and palmitoleate, from the saturated fatty acids stearate and palmitate, respectively. SCD1-deficient mouse models are protected against diet-induced adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperglycemia. However, the mechanism of this protection by SCD1 deficiency is unclear. Using liver-specific SCD1 knockout (LKO) mice fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet, we show that hepatic SCD1 deficiency increases systemic glucose uptake. Hepatic SCD1 deficiency enhanced glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) expression in the liver and also up-regulated GLUT4 and adiponectin expression in adipose tissue. The enhanced glucose uptake correlated with increased liver expression and elevated plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hepatokine known to increase systemic insulin sensitivity and regulate whole-body lipid metabolism. Feeding LKO mice a triolein-supplemented but not tristearin-supplemented high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet reduced FGF21 expression and plasma levels. Consistently, SCD1 inhibition in primary hepatocytes induced FGF21 expression, which was repressed by treatment with oleate but not palmitoleate. Moreover, deletion of the transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) reduced hepatic and plasma FGF21 and white adipocyte tissue-specific GLUT4 expression and raised plasma glucose levels in LKO mice. These results suggest that hepatic oleate regulates glucose uptake in adipose tissue either directly or partially by modulating the hepatic PGC-1α-FGF21 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aljohani
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.,College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abram Bonneville
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Changan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Justin Jeffery
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lucas O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Deeba Nadeem Syed
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sarah A Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Maggie Burhans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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16
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Liu YZ, Lang M, Zhen YG, Chen X, Sun Z, Zhao W, Zhang XF, Wang T, Qin GX. Effects of yeast culture supplementation and the ratio of non-structural carbohydrate to fat on growth performance, carcass traits and the fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi muscle in lambs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1274-1282. [PMID: 31149756 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of yeast culture (YC) supplementation and the dietary ratio of non-structural carbohydrate to fat (NSCFR) on growth performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle in lambs were determined in a 2 × 3 full factorial experiment. Thirty-six Small-tailed Han lambs were randomly divided into six groups with six replicates per group. The lambs were fed one of the six pelleted total mixed rations (TMRs) for 60 days after 15 adaption days. The six rations were formed by two NSCFRs (11.37 and 4.57) and three YC supplementation levels (0, 0.8 and 2.3 g/kg dietary dry matter). The average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) data of each lamb were recorded and calculated. All the lambs were slaughtered for determining carcass traits and fatty acid profile of the LD muscle. DMI was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a quadratic fashion with 0.8 g/kg of YC supplementation. Carcass weight (CW) and dressing percentage (DP) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in a linear fashion with 2.3 g/kg of YC supplementation. Animals fed with high-NSCFR diet had higher (p < 0.05) contents of myristoleic acid (C14:1), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and cis-10-heptadecenoic acid (C17:1), and lower (p < 0.05) stearic acid (C18:0) content in LD muscle than those fed with low-NSCFR diet. Moreover, ADG, growth rate (GR), backfat thickness (BFT), percentages of crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP), SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs in LD muscle, were significantly affected (p < 0.05) by interaction of dietary NSCFR and supplemental YC level. Overall, YC not only improved the growth performance and carcass traits of the animals but also modified the fatty acid profile of the LD muscle. Furthermore, the effects of YC supplementation may depend on dietary compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Lang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zhen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Xin Qin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Lab of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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17
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Wang W, Pan Y, Wang L, Zhou H, Song G, Wang Y, Liu J, Li A. Optimal Dietary Ferulic Acid for Suppressing the Obesity-Related Disorders in Leptin-Deficient Obese C57BL/6J -ob/ob Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4250-4258. [PMID: 30907082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a major polyphenolic compound and has been shown to improve the glucose and lipid homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Here, we found the optimal level of dietary FA to ameliorate obesity and obesity-correlated disorders, and identified the responses of gut microbiota to dietary FA in genetic leptin-deficient obese ( ob/ob) mice. The ob/ob mice exhibited persistent higher body weights, feed efficiency, white adipose tissue weights, and hepatic lipid accumulation, compared to those of the wild-type mice. However, 0.5% dietary FA suppressed these symptoms in ob/ob mice. The diversity of gut microbiota and the total abundance of obesity- and anti-obesity-related genera were not influenced after FA intervention in ob/ob mice. These data suggest that sufficient intake of FA (0.5%) could be useful for treating obesity or obesity-related diseases, and this weight-control effect is possibly not correlated with the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Yiou Pan
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
- Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , P.R. China 471023
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Hang Zhou
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Jianxue Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , P.R. China 471023
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
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18
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Reddy MRG, Asha GV, Manchiryala SK, Putcha UK, Vajreswari A, Jeyakumar SM. High-Fat Diet Elevates Liver Docosahexaenoic Acid Possibly through Over-Expression of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Elongase 2 in C57BL/6J Mice. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 89:62-72. [PMID: 30957704 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the main site of lipid metabolism and vitamin A storage. Dietary factors are known to affect liver function, thereby leading to metabolic abnormalities. Here, we assessed the impact of long-term feeding of a high-fat diet on hepatic vitamin A status and lipid metabolism. For this purpose, 14 male and 14 female 35-day-old mice (strain C57BL/6J) were each divided into 2 groups of 7 animals and fed either a stock diet or a high-fat (HF) diet for 26 weeks. In addition to increased body weight/weight gain, the HF diet induced hypertriglyceridemia in both (p < 0.01). However, liver triglyceride levels were comparable among groups, which could be partly explained by unaltered expression of various lipogenic pathway proteins such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), and glycerol 3-phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT). On the other hand, hepatic retinol stores increased significantly in both sexes, whereas males displayed elevated circulatory retinol levels. Notably, long-term feeding of a HF diet elevated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) levels in the liver (p ≤ 0.001), which is in line with the over-expression of very long-chain fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) protein in both sexes of mice (p < 0.01). In conclusion, very long-term feeding of a HF diet increased hepatic retinol stores and induced hypertriglyceridemia. However, it had no effect on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, possibly due to increased DHA levels arising from the ELOVL2-mediated elongation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy
- 1Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gundluri Venkata Asha
- 1Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- 2Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Shanmugam M Jeyakumar
- 1Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, India
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19
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Sánchez-Blanco C, Amusquivar E, Bispo K, Herrera E. Dietary fish oil supplementation during early pregnancy in rats on a cafeteria-diet prevents fatty liver in adult male offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:546-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Martins AR, Crisma AR, Masi LN, Amaral CL, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Bomfim LH, Teodoro BG, Queiroz AL, Serdan TD, Torres RP, Mancini-Filho J, Rodrigues AC, Alba-Loureiro TC, Pithon-Curi TC, Gorjao R, Silveira LR, Curi R, Newsholme P, Hirabara SM. Attenuation of obesity and insulin resistance by fish oil supplementation is associated with improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:76-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Raja Gopal Reddy M, Mullapudi Venkata S, Putcha UK, Jeyakumar SM. Vitamin A deficiency induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells: Implications of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1-mediated oleic acid synthesis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 364:104-112. [PMID: 29409806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that vitamin A deficiency resulted in the reduction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels, which corroborated with attenuation of high fructose-induced hepatic steatosis. Here, we aimed at assessing the effect of vitamin A deficiency on SCD1, MUFA levels and their impact on pancreas' structure and functions. Male weanling Wistar rats fed one of the four diets, namely control (Con), vitamin A-deficient (VAD), highfructose (HFr) and vitamin A-deficient diet with highfructose (VADHFr) for 16 weeks period. Compared to the control, feeding of VAD diet (alone or with HFr) resulted in pancreatic intra-islet vessel dilation and reduced plasma insulin, glucagon and C-peptide levels, however, glucose levels decreased only in VADHFr group. In line with plasma levels, VAD diet-fed animals displayed lower immunostaining for insulin and glucagon, which corroborated with increased apoptotic staining observed in the islet regions, possibly due to increased cellular stress, as indicated by high immunostaining for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein homologues protein (CHOP). On the other hand, it significantly decreased the SCD1 protein, which corroborated with reduced MUFA levels, particularly, oleic acid (C18:1), when compared to the control and HFr groups. In conclusion, chronic vitamin A deficiency altered the structure and functions of pancreas by diminishing the islet cells, possibly by inducing cellular stress-mediated apoptosis and decreasing SCD1-mediated oleic acid (C18:1) synthesis. Thus, the data suggest that unlike liver, the reduction in SCD1 and MUFA levels in the pancreas exerts deleterious effects on its functions and perturb the overall cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raja Gopal Reddy
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania-Post, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S Mullapudi Venkata
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania-Post, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - U K Putcha
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania-Post, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - S M Jeyakumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania-Post, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Arlia-Ciommo A, Svistkova V, Mohtashami S, Titorenko VI. A novel approach to the discovery of anti-tumor pharmaceuticals: searching for activators of liponecrosis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:5204-25. [PMID: 26636650 PMCID: PMC4868681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A recently conducted chemical genetic screen for pharmaceuticals that can extend longevity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has identified lithocholic acid as a potent anti-aging molecule. It was found that this hydrophobic bile acid is also a selective anti-tumor chemical compound; it kills different types of cultured cancer cells if used at concentrations that do not compromise the viability of non-cancerous cells. These studies have revealed that yeast can be successfully used as a model organism for high-throughput screens aimed at the discovery of selectively acting anti-tumor small molecules. Two metabolic traits of rapidly proliferating fermenting yeast, namely aerobic glycolysis and lipogenesis, are known to be similar to those of cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying these key metabolic features of cancer cells and fermenting yeast have been established; such mechanisms are discussed in this review. We also suggest how a yeast-based chemical genetic screen can be used for the high-throughput development of selective anti-tumor pharmaceuticals that kill only cancer cells. This screen consists of searching for chemical compounds capable of increasing the abundance of membrane lipids enriched in unsaturated fatty acids that would therefore be toxic only to rapidly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells and fermenting yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sadaf Mohtashami
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Nejatbakhsh R, Riyahi S, Farrokhi A, Rostamkhani S, Mahmazi S, Yazdinezhad A, Kazemi M, Shokri S. Ameliorating effects of fennel and cumin extracts on sperm quality and spermatogenic cells apoptosis by inducing weight loss and reducing leptin concentration in diet-induced obese rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Zanjan Iran
| | - S. Riyahi
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Basic Sciences; Islamic Azad University; Zanjan Branch; Zanjan Iran
| | - A. Farrokhi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Zanjan Iran
| | - S. Rostamkhani
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Basic Sciences; Islamic Azad University; Zanjan Branch; Zanjan Iran
| | - S. Mahmazi
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Basic Sciences; Islamic Azad University; Zanjan Branch; Zanjan Iran
| | - A. Yazdinezhad
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Zanjan Iran
| | - M. Kazemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - S. Shokri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences; Zanjan Iran
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Mahesh M, Bharathi M, Reddy MRG, Kumar MS, Putcha UK, Vajreswari A, Jeyakumar SM. Carrot Juice Administration Decreases Liver Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 and Improves Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels, but Not Steatosis in High Fructose Diet-Fed Weanling Wistar Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:171-180. [PMID: 27752492 PMCID: PMC5063201 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases associated with an altered lifestyle, besides genetic factors. The control and management of NAFLD mostly depend on lifestyle modifications, due to the lack of a specific therapeutic approach. In this context, we assessed the effect of carrot juice on the development of high fructose-induced hepatic steatosis. For this purpose, male weanling Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, fed either a control (Con) or high fructose (HFr) diet of AIN93G composition, with or without carrot juice (CJ) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, plasma biochemical markers, such as triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, and β-hydroxy butyrate levels were comparable among the 4 groups. Although, the liver injury marker, aspartate aminotransferase, levels in plasma showed a reduction, hepatic triglycerides levels were not significantly reduced by carrot juice ingestion in the HFr diet-fed rats (HFr-CJ). On the other hand, the key triglyceride synthesis pathway enzyme, hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), expression at mRNA level was augmented by carrot juice ingestion, while their protein levels showed a significant reduction, which corroborated with decreased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), particularly palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic (C18:1) acids. Notably, it also improved the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6) content of the liver in HFr-CJ. In conclusion, carrot juice ingestion decreased the SCD1-mediated production of MUFA and improved DHA levels in liver, under high fructose diet-fed conditions. However, these changes did not significantly lower the hepatic triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malleswarapu Mahesh
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Munugala Bharathi
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Manchiryala Sravan Kumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Shanmugam M Jeyakumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Ethanol extracts of chickpeas alter the total lipid content and expression levels of genes related to fatty acid metabolism in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:574-84. [PMID: 27353085 PMCID: PMC4935453 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Desi-type chickpeas, which have long been used as a natural treatment for diabetes, have been reported to lower visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance induced by a chronic high-fat diet in rats. In this study, in order to examine the effects of chickpeas of this type in an in vitro system, we used the 3T3-L1 mouse cell line, a subclone of Swiss 3T3 cells, which can differentiate into cells with an adipocyte-like phenotype, and we used ethanol extracts of chickpeas (ECP) instead of chickpeas. Treatment of the 3T3-L1 cells with ECP led to a decrease in the lipid content in the cells. The desaturation index, defined as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)/saturated fatty acids (SFAs), was also decreased by ECP due to an increase in the cellular content of SFAs and a decrease in the content of MUFAs. The decrease in this index may reflect a decreased reaction from SFA to MUFA, which is essential for fat storage. To confirm this hypothesis, we conducted a western blot analysis, which revealed a reduction in the amount of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a key enzyme catalyzing the reaction from SFA to MUFA. We observed simultaneous inactivations of enzymes participating in lipogenesis, i.e., liver kinase B1 (LKB1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and AMPK, by phosphorylation, which may lead to the suppression of reactions from acetyl-CoA to SFA via malonyl-CoA in lipogenesis. We also investigated whether lipolysis is affected by ECP. The amount of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), an enzyme important for the oxidation of fatty acids, was increased by ECP treatment. ECP also led to an increase in uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), reported as a key protein for the oxidation of fatty acids. All of these results obtained regarding lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism in our in vitro system are consistent with the results previously shown in rats. We also examined the effects on SCD1 and lipid contents of ethanol extracts of Kabuli-type chickpeas, which are used worldwide. The effects were similar, but of much lesser magnitude compared to those of ECP described above. Thus, Desi-type chickpeas may prove to be effective for the treatment of diabetes, as they can alter the lipid content, thus reducing fat storage.
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Pytlowanciv EZ, Pinto-Fochi ME, Reame V, Gobbo MG, Ribeiro DL, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Differential ontogenetic exposure to obesogenic environment induces hyperproliferative status and nuclear receptors imbalance in the rat prostate at adulthood. Prostate 2016; 76:662-78. [PMID: 26847797 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental data indicate that high-fat diet (HFD) may alter proliferative activity and prostate health. However, the consequences of HFD exposure during different periods of ontogenetic development on prostate histophysiology remain to be elucidated. Herein, we compare the influence of obesogenic environment (OE) due to maternal obesity and HFD at different periods of life on proliferative activity and nuclear receptors frequency in the rat ventral prostate and a possible relationship with metabolic and hormonal alterations. METHODS Male Wistar rats (19 weeks old), treated with balanced chow (Control group-C; 3% high-fat, 3.5 Kcal/g), were compared with those exposed to HFD (20% high-fat, 4.9 kcal/g) during gestation (G-maternal obesity), gestation and lactation (GL), from post-weaning to adulthood (WA), from lactation to adulthood (LA) and from gestation to adulthood (GA). After the experimental period, the ventral prostate lobes were removed and analyzed with different methods. RESULTS Metabolic data indicated that G and GL rats became insulin resistant and WA, LA, and GA became insulin resistant and obese. There was a strong inverse correlation between serum testosterone (∼133% lower) and leptin levels (∼467% higher) in WA, LA, and GA groups. Estrogen serum levels increased in GA, and insulin levels increased in all groups, especially in WA (64.8×). OE-groups exhibited prostatic hypertrophy, since prostate weight increased ∼40% in G, GL, LA, and GA and 31% in WA. As indicated by immunohistochemistry, all HFD-groups except G exhibited an increase in epithelial cell proliferation (PCNA-positive) and a decrease in frequency of AR- and ERβ-positive epithelial cells; there was also an increment of ERα-positive stromal cells in comparison with control. Cells containing PPARγ increased in both epithelium and stroma of all OE groups and those expressing LXRα decreased, particularly in groups OE-exposed during gestation (G, GL and GA). CONCLUSIONS OE leads to prostate hypertrophy regardless of the period of development and, except when restricted to gestation, leads to a hyperproliferative status which was correlated to downregulation of AR and LXRα and upregulation of ERα and PPARγ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Etelvina Pinto-Fochi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Reame
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Guimarães Gobbo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Histology Sector, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silvers WC, Cai H, Öz OK, Sun X. Design, radiosynthesis, and evaluation of radiotracers for positron emission tomography imaging of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:924-927. [PMID: 26778147 PMCID: PMC4728040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Design, radiosynthesis, and biological evaluation of two radiotracers (N-(3-[(18)F]fluoropropyl)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)-piperazin-1-yl)pyridazine-3-carboxamide ((18)F-FPPPT) and (N-(4-[(18)F]fluoroaniline)-6-(4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)-piperazin-1-yl)pyridazine-3-carboxamide ((18)F-FAPPT)) are described for noninvasive assessment of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1). The overexpression of SCD-1 in multiple solid tumors associates with poor survival in cancer patients. The two radiotracers, (18)F-FPPPT and (18)F-FAPPT, were each prepared in three steps in radiochemical yields of 21% and 3%, respectively. The practicality of imaging SCD-1 with (18)F-FPPPT was tested in two mouse models bearing xenograft tumors with different levels of SCD-1 expression, which afforded a 1.8-fold uptake difference correspondingly. Our work indicates that it is possible to develop SCD-1 specific imaging probes from previously reported SCD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Silvers
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hancheng Cai
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Orhan K Öz
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Hill K, van Aswegen S, Schoeman MC, Claassens S, Jansen van Rensburg P, Naidoo S, Vosloo D. Foraging at wastewater treatment works affects brown adipose tissue fatty acid profiles in banana bats. Biol Open 2016; 5:92-9. [PMID: 26740572 PMCID: PMC4823980 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we tested the hypothesis that the decrease in habitat quality at wastewater treatment works (WWTW), such as limited prey diversity and exposure to the toxic cocktail of pollutants, affect fatty acid profiles of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBrAT) in bats. Further, the antioxidant capacity of oxidative tissues such as pectoral and cardiac muscle may not be adequate to protect those tissues against reactive molecules resulting from polyunsaturated fatty acid auto-oxidation in the WWTW bats. Bats were sampled at two urban WWTW, and two unpolluted reference sites in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Brown adipose tissue (BrAT) mass was lower in WWTW bats than in reference site bats. We found lower levels of saturated phospholipid fatty acids and higher levels of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in WWTW bats than in reference site bats, while C18 desaturation and n-6 to n-3 ratios were higher in the WWTW bats. This was not associated with high lipid peroxidation levels in pectoral and cardiac muscle. Combined, these results indicate that WWTW bats rely on iBrAT as an energy source, and opportunistic foraging on abundant, pollutant-tolerant prey may change fatty acid profiles in their tissue, with possible effects on mitochondrial functioning, torpor and energy usage. Summary: Brown adipose tissue of banana bats foraging at wastewater treatment works contained lower saturated and higher mono- and polyunsaturated phospholipid fatty acids than that of bats foraging at reference sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal: Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sunet van Aswegen
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University: Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M Corrie Schoeman
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal: Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sarina Claassens
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University: Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Peet Jansen van Rensburg
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University: Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Samantha Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal: Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Dalene Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal: Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Asha GV, Raja Gopal Reddy M, Mahesh M, Vajreswari A, Jeyakumar SM. Male mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced hyperglycaemia and display increased circulatory retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels and its expression in visceral adipose depots. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:19-26. [PMID: 26619134 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1126609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its metabolites are known to modulate adipose tissue development and its associated complications. Here, we assessed the vitamin A status and its metabolic pathway gene expression in relation to sexual dimorphism by employing 35 days old C57BL/6J male and female mice, which were fed either stock or high fat (HF) diet for 26 weeks. HF diet feeding increased body weight/weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) of visceral and subcutaneous regions, however, increase in vitamin A levels observed only in subcutaneous WAT. Further, the expression of most of the vitamin A metabolic pathway genes showed no sexual dimorphism. The observed HF diet-induced hyperglycaemia in male corroborates with increased retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels in plasma and its expression in visceral adipose depots. In conclusion, the male mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced hyperglycaemia and display higher plasma RBP4 levels, possibly due to its over-expression in visceral adipose depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Asha
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - M Raja Gopal Reddy
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - M Mahesh
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - A Vajreswari
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
| | - S M Jeyakumar
- a Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad, Telangana , India
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Raja Gopal Reddy M, Pavan Kumar C, Mahesh M, Sravan Kumar M, Mullapudi Venkata S, Putcha UK, Vajreswari A, Jeyakumar SM. Vitamin A deficiency suppresses high fructose-induced triglyceride synthesis and elevates resolvin D1 levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:156-65. [PMID: 26597784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Vitamin A and its metabolites are known to regulate lipid metabolism. However so far, no study has assessed, whether vitamin A deficiency per se aggravates or attenuates the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, here, we tested the impact of vitamin A deficiency on the development of NAFLD. METHODS Male weanling Wistar rats were fed one of the following diets; control, vitamin A-deficient (VAD), high fructose (HFr) and VAD with HFr (VADHFr) of AIN93G composition, for 16weeks, except half of the VAD diet-fed rats were shifted to HFr diet (VAD(s)HFr), at the end of 8(th) week. RESULTS Animals fed on VAD diet with HFr displayed hypotriglyceridemia (33.5mg/dL) with attenuated hepatic triglyceride accumulation (8.2mg/g), compared with HFr diet (89.5mg/dL and 20.6mg/g respectively). These changes could be partly explained by the decreased activity of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and the down-regulation of stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), both at gene and protein levels, the key determinants of triglyceride biosynthesis. On the other hand, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid and its active metabolite; resolvin D1 (RvD1) levels were elevated in the liver and plasma of VAD diet-fed groups, which was negatively associated with triglyceride levels. All these factors confer vitamin A deficiency-mediated protection against the development of hepatic steatosis, which was also evident from the group shifted from VAD to HFr diet. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin A deficiency attenuates high fructose-induced hepatic steatosis, by regulating triglyceride synthesis, possibly through GPDH, SCD1 and RvD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooli Raja Gopal Reddy
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Chodisetti Pavan Kumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Malleswarapu Mahesh
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Manchiryala Sravan Kumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Shanmugam M Jeyakumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Jeyakumar SM, Sheril A, Vajreswari A. Chronic vitamin A-enriched diet feeding induces body weight gain and adiposity in lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of WNIN/GR-Ob strain. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1352-61. [PMID: 25900735 DOI: 10.1113/ep085027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Previously, we reported that chronic feeding of a vitamin A-enriched diet to euglycaemic obese rats (WNIN/Ob) ameliorated obesity. Does this diet exert similar effects even with a different genetic background, i.e. obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain with impaired glucose tolerance? What is the main finding and its importance? Vitamin A-enriched diet aggravated weight gain and adiposity/obesity in both lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain. Therefore, the role of genetic factors and their regulation by nutrients in determining health and disease conditions assumes greater significance in experimental and clinical research. Vitamin A and its metabolites are key regulators of the development of adipose tissue and its associated metabolic complications. Here, we tested, in a glucose-intolerant obese rat model (the WNIN/GR-Ob stain), whether feeding a vitamin A-enriched diet alters adiposity and its associated changes. For this purpose, 30-week-old male lean and obese rats were divided into two groups and received either stock diet or vitamin A-enriched diet [2.6 or 129 mg vitamin A (kg diet)(-1) , respectively] for 14 weeks. At the end, feeding of the vitamin A-enriched diet resulted in increased body weight gain/obesity and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RPWAT) in both lean and obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain, when compared with their respective control animals receiving stock diet, without affecting food intake. An improvement in hypertriglyceridaemia and circulatory non-esterified fatty acid levels and unaltered hepatic fatty acid oxidative and triglyceride secretory pathway proteins with vitamin A-enriched diet feeding are suggestive of enhanced hepatic clearance of circulatory lipids, resulting in increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Transcriptional analysis of RPWAT showed that feeding the vitamin A-enriched diet augmented the expression of adipogenic/adipose tissue-specific genes; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1, retinol saturase, leptin and lipoprotein lipase and vitamin A metabolic pathway genes; retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptors and cytochrome P450 26B1. Besides, RPWAT-lipoprotein lipase-mediated clearance of triglyceride could also have contributed to increased adiposity and improved hypertriglyceridaemia. In conclusion, chronic feeding of vitamin A-enriched diet induces weight gain and adiposity in both lean and obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain, possibly through transcriptional regulation of key adipogenic pathway genes of RPWAT, but improves dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam M Jeyakumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Alex Sheril
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Maternal high-fat-diet programs rat offspring liver fatty acid metabolism. Lipids 2015; 50:565-73. [PMID: 25899040 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In offspring exposed in utero to a maternal diet high in fat (HF), we have previously demonstrated that despite similar birth weights, HF adult offspring at 6 months of age had significantly higher body weights, greater adiposity, and increased triacylglycerol (TAG) levels as compared to controls. We hypothesized that a maternal HF diet predisposes to offspring adiposity via a programmed increase in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids in the liver and hence increased substrate availability for liver TAG synthesis. We further hypothesized that programmed changes in offspring liver fatty acid metabolism are associated with increased liver expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1). Female rats were maintained on a HF diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation. After birth, newborns were nursed by the same dam, and all offspring were weaned to control diet. Plasma and liver fatty acid compositions were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fatty acid C16 desaturation indices of palmitoleic/palmitic and (vaccenic + palmitoleic)/palmitic and the C18 desaturation index of oleic/stearic were calculated. Liver protein abundance of SCD-1 was analyzed in newborns and adult offspring. Plasma and liver C16 desaturation indices were decreased in HF newborns, but increased in the adult offspring. Liver SCD-1 expression was increased in the HF adult offspring. These data show that the maternal HF diet during pregnancy and lactation increases offspring liver SCD-1 protein abundance and alters the liver C16 desaturase pathway.
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Mika A, Kaska L, Korczynska J, Mirowska A, Stepnowski P, Proczko M, Ratnicki-Sklucki K, Goyke E, Sledzinski T. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA levels and fatty acid desaturation index positively correlate with BMI in morbidly obese women. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Lipid Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Justyna Korczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mirowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Monika Proczko
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | | | - Elzbieta Goyke
- Department of Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; Medical University of Gdansk; Gdansk Poland
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Yee JK, Mao CS, Ross MG, Paul Lee WN, Desai M, Toda A, Kjos SL, Hicks RA, Patterson ME. High oleic/stearic fatty-acid desaturation index in cord plasma from infants of mothers with gestational diabetes. J Perinatol 2014; 34:357-63. [PMID: 24577432 PMCID: PMC4022182 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2014.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enhanced fatty-acid desaturation by stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme-1 (SCD1) is associated with obesity. This study determined desaturation in the cord plasma of newborns of mothers with and without gestational diabetes (GDM). STUDY DESIGN Newborns of mothers with GDM (n=21) and without (control, n=22) were recruited. Cord plasma fatty-acid desaturation indices (palmitoleic/palmitic, oleic/stearic ratios) were compared, and correlated with anthropometrics and biochemical measures. A subset of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) desaturation indices were determined to approximate the liver SCD1 activity. RESULT The total oleic/stearic index was higher in GDM, despite adjustment for cord glucose concentrations. Among GDM and controls, the oleic/stearic index correlated with cord glucose concentrations (rs=0.36, P=0.02). Both palmitoleic/palmitic and oleic/stearic indices correlated with waist circumference (r=0.47, P=0.001; r=0.37, P=0.01). The VLDL oleic/stearic index was higher in GDM. CONCLUSION The elevated total oleic/stearic index suggests increased lipogenesis in GDM newborns. Factors in addition to glucose supply may influence fetal SCD1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Catherine S. Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - W. N. Paul Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Audrey Toda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Siri L. Kjos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Rebecca A. Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
| | - Mary E. Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
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Yee JK, Wahjudi PN, Vega J, Lim S, Martin A, Patterson ME, Cohen JN, Mao CS, Lee WNP. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme 1 inhibition reduces glucose utilization for de novo fatty acid synthesis and cell proliferation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Metabolomics 2013; 9:809-816. [PMID: 24039619 PMCID: PMC3769228 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-013-0511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme 1 (SCD1) is a lipogenic enzyme that is upregulated in obesity, insulin resistance, and cancer. Since glucose is a substrate for both de novo fatty acid synthesis and deoxyribose synthesis, we hypothesized that SCD1 affects these multiple synthetic pathways through changes in glucose utilization. This study determined glucose utilization for fatty acid synthesis and cell proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during SCD1 inhibition. The effects of SCD1 on cellular metabolism as mediated by its monounstaurated fatty acid products (palmitoleate and oleate) were also observed. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes underwent differentiation induction in conjunction with one of the following treatments for 4 days: (A) no treatment, (B) SCD1 inhibitor CGX0290, (C) CGX0290 + palmitoleate, or (D) CGX0290 + oleate. All cells received medium with 50 % [U13C]-glucose. Cells were harvested on day 7 for studies of fatty acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activities, and deoxyribose synthesis. CGX0290 decreased fatty acid desaturation, glucose utilization for fatty acid synthesis (acetyl-CoA enrichment), and de novo synthesis. CGX0290 treatment also led to decreased cell density through increased cell death. Further analysis showed that deoxyribose new synthesis and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity were unchanged, while non-oxidative transketolase pathway activity was stimulated. Palmitoleate and oleate supplementation each partially ameliorated the effects of CGX0290. In 3T3-L1 cells, SCD1 promotes glucose utilization for fatty acid synthesis. In cell proliferation, SCD1 may promote cell survival, but does not impact the oxidative pathway of deoxyribose production. These effects may be mediated through the production of palmitoleate and oleate.
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Ezzedini R, Darabi M, Ghasemi B, Darabi M, Fayezi S, Jabbari Moghaddam Y, Mehdizadeh A, Abdollahi S, Gharahdaghi A. Tissue fatty acid composition in obstructive sleep apnea and recurrent tonsillitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1008-12. [PMID: 23643333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tonsillar hypertrophy cells appear to have an altered lipid metabolism as evidenced by modulated inflammatory cytokines that affect tissue lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in tissue fat composition between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and recurrent infective tonsillitis (RT) in children. METHODS Tonsillar tissues were collected from 114 patients with OSA and 92 patients with RT, aged 4-10 years, during tonsillectomy. The tissue lipid extracts were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography for a comprehensive fatty acid profile. RESULTS In the tonsillitis tissue, the levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7; P=0.002) and oleic acid (18:1n-9; P=0.003) were higher, and the level of stearic acid (18:0; P=0.004) was lower than that in the hyperplastic tonsillar tissue. Overall, tonsillar tissue of patients with RT had a significant increase in the total monounsaturated fatty acids (+9.9%; P<0.001) and the fatty acid desaturation index (+20.5%; P<0.001). Furthermore, oleic acid content of tonsillar tissue was positively correlated with BMI (r=0.20, P=0.004), snoring (r=0.16, P=0.022) and hypertrophy grade (r=0.18, P=0.023), which remain significant in the subgroup analysis by hypertrophy type. CONCLUSIONS The change in the fatty acid composition may be regarded as an indicator of altered lipid metabolism occurring in vivo during human tonsillar hypertrophy, which might be linked to the severity or type of the tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ezzedini
- Tuberculosis and Lung Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Dysfunction of lipid sensor GPR120 leads to obesity in both mouse and human. Nature 2012; 483:350-4. [PMID: 22343897 DOI: 10.1038/nature10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acid desaturation in adults with and without rare adipose disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:19. [PMID: 22300160 PMCID: PMC3286418 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity has been described in obese states, with an increased desaturation index (DI) suggesting enhanced lipogenesis. Differences in the DI among various phenotypes of abnormal adiposity have not been studied. Abnormal accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue occurs in rare adipose disorders (RADs) including Dercum's disease (DD), multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL), and familial multiple lipomatosis (FML). Examining the DI in subcutaneous fat of people with DD, MSL and FML may provide information on adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism in these disorders. The aims of this pilot study were: 1) to determine if differences in adipose tissue DIs are present among RADs, and 2) to determine if the DIs correlate to clinical or biochemical parameters. Methods Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from human participants with DD (n = 6), MSL (n = 5), FML (n = 8) and obese Controls (n = 6). Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The DIs (palmitoleic/palmitic, oleic/stearic, vaccenic/stearic ratios) were calculated from the gas chromatogram peak intensities. SCD1 gene expression was determined. Spearman's correlations between the DIs and available clinical or biochemical data were performed. Results In DD subjects, the vaccenic/stearic index was lower (p < 0.05) in comparison to Controls. Percent of total of the saturated fatty acid myristic acid was higher in DD compared with Controls and FML. Percent of monounsaturated vaccenic acid in DD trended lower when compared with Controls, and was decreased in comparison to FML. In MSL, total percent of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly lower than in the Control group (p < 0.05). In the total cohort of subjects, the palmitoleic/palmitic and oleic/stearic DIs positively correlated with age, BMI, and percent body fat. Conclusions The positive associations between the DIs and measures of adiposity (BMI and percent body fat) support increased desaturase activity in obesity. The lower vaccenic/stearic DI in DD SAT compared with Controls suggests presence of other factors involved in fat accumulation in addition to lifestyle. Other mechanisms driving fat accumulation in DD such as inflammation or lymphatic dysfunction should be investigated.
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Castro GSFD, Almeida BBD, Leonardi DS, Ovídio PP, Jordão AA. Association between hepatic cholesterol and oleic acid in the liver of rats treated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. REV NUTR 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732012000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the lipid profiles of the hepatic and adipose tissues of Wistar rats treated for 21 days with a diet high in saturated fat (high saturated fat, n=6) or high in hydrogenated fat, that is, having 50% partially hydrogenated vegetable oil in its composition (high hydrogenated fat, n=6), and compare them to those of a control group (control group, n=6). METHODS: Adipose tissue and total hepatic fat were higher in the saturated fat group than in the hydrogenated fat group. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was greatest in the saturated fat group, with consequent lower hepatic vitamin E and A levels. In contrast, serum vitamin A was highest in the saturated fat group. Analysis of hepatic lipid fractions found more cholesterol and less high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the hydrogenated fat group. The hydrogenated fat group had the highest levels of triacylglycerols, followed by the saturated fat group. RESULTS: Significant amounts of trans fatty acids were detected in the hepatic and adipose tissues of the hydrogenated fat group. Among the identified fatty acids, 18:1n9 had a higher positive association with hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerols, and a higher negative association with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil promotes greater accumulation of cholesterol and triacylglycerols in the liver than saturated fats. CONCLUSION: Trans fatty acids were incorporated into hepatocytes and adipocytes in a highly efficient manner.
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Park MY, Jang HH, Kim JB, Yoon HN, Lee JY, Lee YM, Kim JH, Park DS. Hog millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)-supplemented diet ameliorates hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:511-9. [PMID: 22259675 PMCID: PMC3259293 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.6.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of whole grains reduces the incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In an earlier study, we showed that Panicum miliaceum L. extract (PME) exhibited the highest anti-lipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells among extracts of nine different cereal grains tested. In this study, we hypothesized that PME in the diet would lead to weight loss and augmentation of hyperlipidemia by regulating fatty acid metabolism. PME was fed to ob/ob mice at 0%, 0.5%, or 1% (w/w) for 4 weeks. After the experimental period, body weight changes, blood serum and lipid profiles, hepatic fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression, and white adipose tissue (WAT) fatty acid composition were determined. We found that the 1% PME diet, but not the 0.5%, effectively decreased body weight, liver weight, and blood triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) compared to obese ob/ob mice on a normal diet. Hepatic lipogenic-related gene (PPARα, L-FABP, FAS, and SCD1) expression decreased, whereas lipolysis-related gene (CPT1) expression increased in animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Long chain fatty acid content and the ratio of C18:1/C18:0 fatty acids decreased significantly in adipose tissue of animals fed the 1% PME diet (P < 0.05). Serum inflammatory mediators also decreased significantly in animals fed the 1% PME diet compared to those of the ob/ob control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that PME is useful in the chemoprevention or treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Develpoment Administration, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si 88-2, Gyeonggi 441-707, Korea
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Bandaru P, Rajkumar H, Nappanveettil G. Altered or Impaired Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in WNIN/GR-Ob Rat: An Obese Rat Model with Impaired Glucose Tolerance. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 2011:980105. [PMID: 22363894 PMCID: PMC3262630 DOI: 10.5402/2011/980105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is shown to increase the incidence and severity of infectious diseases and
individuals seem to exhibit poor antibody response to vaccination due to several inherent immune defects. With the increasing prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) seen in obese individuals, the present study was aimed to investigate the basal immune response and immune response upon Hepatitis B vaccination (HBV) in an obese rat model WNIN/GR-Ob with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Decreased proportions of splenic CD4+ T helper cells and CD3+ T cells were observed in obese animals compared to lean animals. Upon HBV, obese animals showed reduced cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity in terms of splenic lymphocyte proliferative response to Concanavalin A (Con A) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBsAg-specific IgG response. Innate immunity as assessed in terms of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF α) and Nitric oxide (NO) production by peritoneal macrophages upon HBV was low and unchanged, respectively, in obese animals. Thus long-term immunological memory is impaired or altered upon HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Bandaru
- Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania, Hyderabad 500 604, India
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Differential effects of short- and long-term high-fat diet feeding on hepatic fatty acid metabolism in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:441-51. [PMID: 21621638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in the supply and utilization of fatty acids (FA) is thought to contribute to intrahepatic lipid (IHL) accumulation in obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the time course of changes in the liver capacity to oxidize and store FA in response to high-fat diet (HFD). Adult male Wistar rats were fed either normal chow or HFD for 2.5weeks (short-term) and 25weeks (long-term). Short-term HFD feeding led to a 10% higher palmitoyl-l-carnitine-driven ADP-stimulated (state 3) oxygen consumption rate in isolated liver mitochondria indicating up-regulation of β-oxidation. This adaptation was insufficient to cope with the dietary FA overload, as indicated by accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines, depletion of free carnitine and increase in FA content in the liver, reflecting IHL accumulation. The latter was confirmed by in vivo((1))H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Oil Red O staining. Long-term HFD feeding caused further up-regulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation (24% higher oxygen consumption rate in state 3 with palmitoyl-l-carnitine as substrate) and stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis as indicated by 62% higher mitochondrial DNA copy number compared to controls. These adaptations were paralleled by a partial restoration of free carnitine levels and a decrease in long-chain acylcarnitine content. Nevertheless, there was a further increase in IHL content, accompanied by accumulation of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products. In conclusion, partially effective adaption of hepatic FA metabolism to long-term HFD feeding came at a price of increased oxidative stress, caused by a combination of higher FA oxidation capacity and oversupply of FA.
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Diet-induced obesity suppresses ghrelin in rat gastrointestinal tract and serum. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 355:299-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Estrany ME, Proenza AM, Lladó I, Gianotti M. Isocaloric intake of a high-fat diet modifies adiposity and lipid handling in a sex dependent manner in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:52. [PMID: 21486445 PMCID: PMC3095551 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-fat (HF) diet feeding usually leads to hyperphagia and body weight gain, but macronutrient proportions in the diet can modulate energy intake and fat deposition. The mechanisms of fat accumulation and mobilization may differ significantly between depots, and gender can also influence these differences. Aim To investigate, in rats of both sexes, the effect of an isocaloric intake of a diet with an unbalanced proportion of macronutrients on fatty acid composition of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and how this is influenced by both dietary fatty acids and levels of proteins involved in tissue lipid handling. Methods Eight-week-old Wistar rats of both sexes were fed a control diet (3% w/w fat) or high-fat diet (30% w/w fat) for 14 weeks. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas-chromatography and levels of LPL, HSL, α2-AR, β3-AR, PKA and CPT1 were determined by Western blot. Results The HF diet did not induce hyperphagia or body weight gain, but promoted an increase of adiposity index only in male rats. HF diet produced an increase of the proportion of MUFA and a decrease in that of PUFA in both adipose depots and in both sexes. The levels of proteins involved in the adrenergic control of the lipolytic pathway increased in the gonadal fat of HF females, whereas LPL levels increased in the inguinal fat of HF males and decreased in that of females. Conclusion Sexual dimorphism in adiposity index reflects a differential sex response to dietary fatty acid content and could be related to the levels of the proteins involved in tissue lipid management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Estrany
- Grup de Metabolisme Energètic i Nutrició, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra, Valldemossa Km 7,5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Tawa P, Falgueyret JP, Guiral S, Isabel E, Powell DA, Zuck P, Skorey K. High-Throughput Scintillation Proximity Assay for Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:506-17. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057111399436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and has been implicated in a number of disease states, including obesity and diabetes. To find small-molecule inhibitor leads, a high-throughput scintillation proximity assay (SPA) was developed using the hydrophobic binding characteristics of a glass microsphere scintillant bead to capture SCD1 from a crude lysate of recombinant SCD1 in Sf9 lysate coupled with the strong binding characteristics of an azetidine compound ([3H]AZE). The SPA assay was stable over 24 h and could detect compounds with micromolar to nanomolar potencies. A robust 1536-well high-throughput screening assay was developed with good signal-to-noise ratio (10:1) and excellent Z′ factor (0.8). A screening collection of 1.6 million compounds was screened at 11 µM, and approximately 7700 compounds were identified as initial hits, exhibiting at least 35% inhibition of [3H]AZE binding. Further screening and confirmation with an SCD enzyme activity assay led to a number of new structural leads for inhibition of the enzyme. The SPA assay complements the enzyme activity assay for SCD1 as a tool for the discovery of novel leads in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tawa
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire-Dorval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Sebastien Guiral
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire-Dorval, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Isabel
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire-Dorval, Québec, Canada
| | - David A. Powell
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire-Dorval, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Zuck
- Department of Automated Biotechnology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn Skorey
- Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire-Dorval, Québec, Canada
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Fernandez CDB, Bellentani FF, Fernandes GSA, Perobelli JE, Favareto APA, Nascimento AF, Cicogna AC, Kempinas WDG. Diet-induced obesity in rats leads to a decrease in sperm motility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:32. [PMID: 21396114 PMCID: PMC3068085 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is rapidly becoming a worldwide epidemic that affects children and adults. Some studies have shown a relationship between obesity and infertility, but until now it remains controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet-induced obesity on male reproductive parameters. METHODS In a first experiment, male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow (SD) for 15, 30 or 45 weeks, after which they were evaluated by adiposity index, serum leptin levels, reproductive organ weights and sperm counts. In a second experiment, rats received HFD or SD only for 15 weeks, long enough to cause obesity. Sexual hormones and sexual behavior were evaluated in these animals, as well as fertility after natural mating. Another group of rats was submitted to motility analysis and fertility evaluation after in utero insemination. RESULTS After 15, 30 or 45 weeks, HFD-fed animals presented significant increases in obesity index and serum leptin levels. Reproductive organ weights and sperm counts in the testis and epididymis were similar between the two groups at all timepoints studied. Sexual behavior was not altered by the diet regimen, and HFD fertility after natural mating was also similar to SD-fed animals. Intergroup testosterone levels were also comparable, but estradiol levels were increased in HFD rats. Furthermore, sperm quality was reduced in HFD animals as evidenced by their decreased percentage of sperm with progressive movement. This altered motility parameter was followed by a trend toward reduction in fertility potential after artificial in utero insemination. CONCLUSIONS The results reported herein showed that obesity can affect sperm quality, by reducing sperm motility, without affecting other sperm parameters. The low sperm quality caused a slight reduction in fertility potential, showing that obesity may lead to impairment in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla DB Fernandez
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Bellentani
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaura SA Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A Favareto
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - André F Nascimento
- Medical Clinic Department, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Cicogna
- Medical Clinic Department, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma DG Kempinas
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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N-Benzylimidazole carboxamides as potent, orally active stearoylCoA desaturase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1621-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Okabe T, Toda T, Nukitrangsan N, Inafuku M, Iwasaki H, Oku H. Peucedanum japonicum
Thunb Inhibits High-fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice. Phytother Res 2010; 25:870-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Elshorbagy AK, Valdivia-Garcia M, Mattocks DAL, Plummer JD, Smith AD, Drevon CA, Refsum H, Perrone CE. Cysteine supplementation reverses methionine restriction effects on rat adiposity: significance of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:104-12. [PMID: 20871132 PMCID: PMC2999932 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in fatty acid and energy metabolism, but little is known about its nutritional regulation. Dietary methionine restriction in rats decreases hepatic Scd1 mRNA and protein, increases energy expenditure, and decreases fat-pad mass/body-weight% (FM/BW%). In humans, plasma concentrations of the methionine product, cysteine, are associated with obesity. To determine which consequences of methionine-restriction are mediated by decreased cysteine availability, we monitored obesity-related variables in 4 dietary groups for 12 weeks: control-fed (CF), methionine-restricted (MR), MR supplemented with 0.5% l-cysteine (MR+Cys) and CF+Cys rats. MR lowered weight gain and FM/BW% despite higher food intake/weight than CF, and lowered serum cysteine. Hepatic Scd1 expression was decreased, with decreased serum SCD1 activity indices (calculated from serum fatty acid profile), decreased serum insulin, leptin and triglycerides, and higher adiponectin. Cysteine supplementation (MR+Cys) essentially reversed all these phenotypes and raised serum cysteine but not methionine to CF levels. Adding extra cysteine to control diet (CF+Cys) increased serum taurine but did not affect serum cysteine, lipids, proteins, or total weight gain. FM/BW% and serum leptin were modestly decreased. Our results indicate that anti-obesity effects of MR are caused by low cysteine and that dietary sulfur amino acid composition contributes to SCD1 regulation.
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