1
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Xiao Y, Chen J, Li S, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chen L, Sun Y, Gu M, Xie X, Nan F. Discovery of GPR84 Fluorogenic Probes Based on a Novel Antagonist for GPR84 Bioimaging. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38946306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
GPR84 is a promising therapeutic target and biomarker for a range of diseases. In this study, we reported the discovery of BINOL phosphate (BINOP) derivatives as GPR84 antagonists. By investigating the structure-activity relationship, we identified 15S as a novel GPR84 antagonist. 15S exhibits low nanomolar potency and high selectivity for GPR84, while its enantiomer 15R is less active. Next, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of GPR84 fluorogenic probes by conjugating Nile red and compound 15S. The leading hybrid, probe F8, not only retained GPR84 activity but also exhibited low nonspecific binding and a turn-on fluorescent signal in an apolar environment. F8 enabled visualization and detection of GPR84 in GPR84-overexpressing HEK293 cells and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated neutrophils. Furthermore, we demonstrated that F8 can detect upregulated GPR84 protein levels in mice models of inflammatory bowel disease and acute lung injury. Thus, compound F8 represents a promising tool for studying GPR84 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaoxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linhai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Min Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
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2
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Kanemoto S. G protein-coupled receptor 84 gene expression is regulated by the ER stress response in the liver. J Biochem 2024; 176:55-68. [PMID: 38471516 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 84 (Gpr84) is reportedly activated by medium-chain fatty acids and is involved in the pathology of liver fibrosis. Inflammatory stimulants, such as lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α, upregulate Gpr84 expression. However, the detailed molecular mechanism by which Gpr84 is induced remains unknown. Inflammatory stimulation also evokes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but there has been no direct evidence to link Gpr84 expression and the ER stress response. Administration of tunicamycin (Tm) provokes ER stress and acute steatosis in the liver tissue of mice. Here, in situ hybridization analysis revealed that induction of Gpr84 expression occurred in parenchymal cells in the liver tissue following Tm administration. Gene expression analysis using a reporter assay showed that the intron 1 region of Gpr84 was involved in induction of the gene under ER stress conditions. Furthermore, Tm-dependent upregulation of Gpr84 was blocked by the small chemical compound AEBSF, an inhibitor of ER stress transducers, in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the current study marks the discovery that the ER stress agent Tm induces the expression of Gpr84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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3
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Yamamoto I, Michishita M, Fujita K, Sakai T, Sasaki N, Kawasumi K. Molecular characterization of GPR84 in domestic cats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 353:114520. [PMID: 38641150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) was cloned as an orphan receptor, and medium-chain fatty acids were then revealed as endogenous ligands. GPR84 is expressed in immune cells and is believed to protect liver function from lipotoxicity caused by overeating and high-fat diet intake. This study aimed to present the molecular characterization of GPR84 in domestic cats. The deduced amino acid sequence of the feline GPR84 shows high sequence homology (83-89 %) with the orthologues from other mammalians by cDNA cloning of feline GPR84. Remarkably high mRNA expression was observed in the bone marrow by Q-PCR analysis. The inhibition of intracellular cAMP concentration was observed in cells transfected with feline GPR84 and treated with medium-chain fatty acids. Immunostaining of GPR84 and free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)/GPR43 in the bone marrow, where high mRNA expression was observed, showed reactions in macrophages and myeloid cells. To clarify whether the receptor formed homo/hetero-merization, GPR84 and FFARs were analyzed using Nano-Luc binary technology and NanoLuc bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technologies, which revealed that GPR84 formed more heteromers with FFAR2 than homomers with each other. In addition, when GPR84 and FFAR2/GPR43 were cotransfected in the cell, their localization on the cell membrane was reduced compared with that when single receptors were transfected. These results indicated that GPR84 is a functional receptor protein that is expressed in cat tissues and may have a protein-protein interaction with FFAR2/GPR43 on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Koki Fujita
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tamami Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Koh Kawasumi
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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4
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Lusta KA, Summerhill VI, Khotina VA, Sukhorukov VN, Glanz VY, Orekhov AN. The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Atherosclerosis: Unraveling a Potential Trigger. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:289-304. [PMID: 38805145 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we explore the intriguing and evolving connections between bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (BEMNs) and atherosclerosis development, highlighting the evidence on molecular mechanisms by which BEMNs can promote the athero-inflammatory process that is central to the progression of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily driven by metabolic and lifestyle factors; however, some studies have suggested that bacterial infections may contribute to the development of both atherogenesis and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. In particular, the participation of BEMNs in atherosclerosis pathogenesis has attracted special attention. We provide some general insights into how the immune system responds to potential threats such as BEMNs during the development of atherosclerosis. A comprehensive understanding of contribution of BEMNs to atherosclerosis pathogenesis may lead to the development of targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Lusta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Department of Research and Development, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, 121609, Russia.
| | - Victoria A Khotina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor Y Glanz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Research and Development, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, 121609, Russia.
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5
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Cooper PO, Kleb SS, Noonepalle SK, Amuso VM, Varshney R, Rudolph MC, Dhaliwal TK, Nguyen DV, Mazumder MF, Babirye NS, Gupta R, Nguyen BN, Shook BA. G-protein-coupled receptor 84 regulates acute inflammation in normal and diabetic skin wounds. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114288. [PMID: 38814782 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids have emerged as potent regulators of immune cell function. In the skin, adipocyte lipolysis increases the local pool of free fatty acids and is essential for coordinating early macrophage inflammation following injury. Here, we investigate G-protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) receptor, for its potential to propagate pro-inflammatory signaling after skin injury. GPR84 signaling was identified as a key component of regulating myeloid cell numbers and subsequent tissue repair through in vivo administration of a pharmacological antagonist and the MCFA decanoic acid. We found that impaired injury-induced dermal adipocyte lipolysis is a hallmark of diabetes, and lipidomic analysis demonstrated that MCFAs are significantly reduced in diabetic murine wounds. Furthermore, local administration of decanoic acid rescued myeloid cell numbers and tissue repair during diabetic wound healing. Thus, GPR84 is a readily targetable lipid signaling pathway for manipulating injury-induced tissue inflammation with beneficial effects on acute diabetic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula O Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sarah S Kleb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Veronica M Amuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Rohan Varshney
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tanvir K Dhaliwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Darlene V Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Miguel F Mazumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Najuma S Babirye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Brett A Shook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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6
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Yang M, Zhang J, Yan H, Pan Y, Zhou J, Zhong H, Wang J, Cai H, Feng F, Zhao M. A comprehensive review of medium chain monoglycerides on metabolic pathways, nutritional and functional properties, nanotechnology formulations and applications in food system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38779723 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2353403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A large and growing body of literature has investigated the broad antibacterial spectrum and strong synergistic antimicrobial activity of medium chain monoglycerides (MCMs) have been widely investigated. Recently, more and more researches have focused on the regulation of MCMs on metabolic health and gut microbiota both in vivo and in vitro. The current review summarizes the digestion, absorption and metabolism of MCMs. Subsequently, it focuses on the functional and nutritional properties of MCMs, including the antibacterial and antiviral characteristics, the modulation of metabolic balance, the regulation of gut microbiota, and the improvement in intestinal health. Additionally, we discuss the most recent developments and application of MCMs using nanotechnologies in food industry, poultry and pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, we analyze recent application examples of MCMs and their nanotechnology formation used in food. The development of nanotechnology platforms facilitating molecular encapsulation and functional presentation contribute to the application of hydrophobic fatty acids and monoglycerides in food preservation and their antibacterial effectiveness. This study emphasizes the metabolic mechanisms and biological activity of MCMs by summarizing the prevailing state of knowledge on this topic, as well as providing insights into prospective techniques for developing the beneficial applications of MCMs to realize the industrialized production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Guangdong Qingyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shaoguan, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Moiseenko VI, Apryatina VA, Gainetdinov RR, Apryatin SA. Trace Amine-Associated Receptors' Role in Immune System Functions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:893. [PMID: 38672247 PMCID: PMC11047934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace amines are a separate, independent group of biogenic amines, close in structure to classical monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine that include many products of the endogenous or bacteria-mediated decarboxylation of amino acids. A family of G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptors (in humans, TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, and TAAR9) that senses trace amines was discovered relatively recently. They are mostly investigated for their involvement in the olfaction of volatile amines encoding innate behaviors and their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the expression of the TAAR family of receptors is also observed in various populations of cells in the immune system. This review is focused on the basic information of the interaction of trace amines and their receptors with cells of the general immune systems of humans and other mammals. We also overview the available data on TAARs' role in the function of individual populations of myeloid and lymphoid cells. With further research on the regulatory role of the trace amine system in immune functions and on uncovering the contribution of these processes to the pathogenesis of the immune response, a significant advance in the field could be expected. Furthermore, the determination of the molecular mechanisms of TAARs' involvement in immune system regulation and the further investigation of their potential chemotactic role could bring about the development of new approaches for the treatment of disorders related to immune system dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergey A. Apryatin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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8
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Bläsius K, Ludwig L, Knapp S, Flaßhove C, Sonnabend F, Keller D, Tacken N, Gao X, Kahveci-Türköz S, Grannemann C, Babendreyer A, Adrain C, Huth S, Baron JM, Ludwig A, Düsterhöft S. Pathological mutations reveal the key role of the cytosolic iRhom2 N-terminus for phosphorylation-independent 14-3-3 interaction and ADAM17 binding, stability, and activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:102. [PMID: 38409522 PMCID: PMC10896983 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The protease ADAM17 plays an important role in inflammation and cancer and is regulated by iRhom2. Mutations in the cytosolic N-terminus of human iRhom2 cause tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC). In mice, partial deletion of the N-terminus results in a curly hair phenotype (cub). These pathological consequences are consistent with our findings that iRhom2 is highly expressed in keratinocytes and in oesophageal cancer. Cub and TOC are associated with hyperactivation of ADAM17-dependent EGFR signalling. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood. We have identified a non-canonical, phosphorylation-independent 14-3-3 interaction site that encompasses all known TOC mutations. Disruption of this site dysregulates ADAM17 activity. The larger cub deletion also includes the TOC site and thus also dysregulated ADAM17 activity. The cub deletion, but not the TOC mutation, also causes severe reductions in stimulated shedding, binding, and stability of ADAM17, demonstrating the presence of additional regulatory sites in the N-terminus of iRhom2. Overall, this study contrasts the TOC and cub mutations, illustrates their different molecular consequences, and reveals important key functions of the iRhom2 N-terminus in regulating ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bläsius
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lena Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Knapp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flaßhove
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Friederike Sonnabend
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diandra Keller
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikola Tacken
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xintong Gao
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Selcan Kahveci-Türköz
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline Grannemann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Colin Adrain
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Sebastian Huth
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Malte Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Chadwick SR, Barreda D, Wu JZ, Ye G, Yusuf B, Ren D, Freeman SA. Two-pore channels regulate endomembrane tension to enable remodeling and resolution of phagolysosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309465121. [PMID: 38354262 PMCID: PMC10895354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309465121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes promptly resolve ingested targets to replenish lysosomes and maintain their responsiveness. The resolution process requires that degradative hydrolases, solute transporters, and proteins involved in lipid traffic are delivered and made active in phagolysosomes. It also involves extensive membrane remodeling. We report that cation channels that localize to phagolysosomes were essential for resolution. Specifically, the conductance of Na+ by two-pore channels (TPCs) and the presence of a Na+ gradient between the phagolysosome lumen and the cytosol were critical for the controlled release of membrane tension that permits deformation of the limiting phagolysosome membrane. In turn, membrane deformation was a necessary step to efficiently transport the cholesterol extracted from cellular targets, permeabilizing them to hydrolases. These results place TPCs as regulators of endomembrane remodeling events that precede target degradation in cases when the target is bound by a cholesterol-containing membrane. The findings may help to explain lipid metabolism dysfunction and autophagic flux impairment reported in TPC KO mice and establish stepwise regulation to the resolution process that begins with lysis of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dante Barreda
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jing Ze Wu
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gang Ye
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Bushra Yusuf
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Long T, Bhattacharyya T, Repele A, Naylor M, Nooti S, Krueger S, Manu. The contributions of DNA accessibility and transcription factor occupancy to enhancer activity during cellular differentiation. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkad269. [PMID: 38124496 PMCID: PMC11090500 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
During gene regulation, DNA accessibility is thought to limit the availability of transcription factor (TF) binding sites, while TFs can increase DNA accessibility to recruit additional factors that upregulate gene expression. Given this interplay, the causative regulatory events in the modulation of gene expression remain unknown for the vast majority of genes. We utilized deeply sequenced ATAC-Seq data and site-specific knock-in reporter genes to investigate the relationship between the binding-site resolution dynamics of DNA accessibility and the expression dynamics of the enhancers of Cebpa during macrophage-neutrophil differentiation. While the enhancers upregulate reporter expression during the earliest stages of differentiation, there is little corresponding increase in their total accessibility. Conversely, total accessibility peaks during the last stages of differentiation without any increase in enhancer activity. The accessibility of positions neighboring C/EBP-family TF binding sites, which indicates TF occupancy, does increase significantly during early differentiation, showing that the early upregulation of enhancer activity is driven by TF binding. These results imply that a generalized increase in DNA accessibility is not sufficient, and binding by enhancer-specific TFs is necessary, for the upregulation of gene expression. Additionally, high-coverage ATAC-Seq combined with time-series expression data can infer the sequence of regulatory events at binding-site resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Long
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
| | - Tapas Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
| | - Andrea Repele
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
| | - Madison Naylor
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
| | - Sunil Nooti
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
| | - Shawn Krueger
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
| | - Manu
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA
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11
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Wang P, Raja A, Luscombe VB, Bataille CJR, Lucy D, Rogga VV, Greaves DR, Russell AJ. Development of Highly Potent, G-Protein Pathway Biased, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable GPR84 Agonists. J Med Chem 2024; 67:110-137. [PMID: 38146625 PMCID: PMC10788923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) is a receptor that has been linked to cancer, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases. We have reported DL-175 as a biased agonist at GPR84 which showed differential signaling via Gαi/cAMP and β-arrestin, but which is rapidly metabolized. Herein, we describe an optimization of DL-175 through a systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis. This reveals that the replacement of the naphthalene group improved metabolic stability and the addition of a 5-hydroxy substituent to the pyridine N-oxide group, yielding compounds 68 (OX04528) and 69 (OX04529), enhanced the potency for cAMP signaling by 3 orders of magnitude to low picomolar values. Neither compound showed detectable effects on β-arrestin recruitment up to 80 μM. Thus, the new GPR84 agonists 68 and 69 displayed excellent potency, high G-protein signaling bias, and an appropriate in vivo pharmacokinetic profile that will allow investigation of GPR84 biased agonist activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinqi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Arun Raja
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Vincent B. Luscombe
- Sir
William Dunn School of Pathology, University
of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
| | - Carole J. R. Bataille
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Daniel Lucy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Sir
William Dunn School of Pathology, University
of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
| | - Vanessa V. Rogga
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - David R. Greaves
- Sir
William Dunn School of Pathology, University
of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K.
| | - Angela J. Russell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
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12
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Fan DY, Zhai HY, Zhao Y, Qiao X, Zhu DC, Liu HJ, Liu C. The role of cannabinoid receptor 2 in bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:23. [PMID: 38178129 PMCID: PMC10768142 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of CB2 on bone regulation during orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS Thirty male mice were allocated into 2 groups (n = 15 in each group): wild type (WT) group and CB2 knockout (CB2-/-) group. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) was induced by applying a nickel-titanium coil spring between the maxillary first molar and the central incisors. There are three subgroups within the WT groups (0, 7 and 14 days) and the CB2-/- groups (0, 7 and 14 days). 0-day groups without force application. Tooth displacement, alveolar bone mass and alveolar bone volume were assessed by micro-CT on 0, 7 and 14 days, and the number of osteoclasts was quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Moreover, the expression levels of RANKL and OPG in the compression area were measured histomorphometrically. RESULTS The WT group exhibited the typical pattern of OTM, characterized by narrowed periodontal space and bone resorption on the compression area. In contrast, the accelerated tooth displacement, increased osteoclast number (P < 0.0001) and bone resorption on the compression area in CB2-/- group. Additionally, the expression of RANKL was significantly upregulated, while OPG showed low levels in the compression area of the CB2 - / - group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CB2 modulated OTM and bone remodeling through regulating osteoclast activity and RANKL/OPG balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Ying Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, East 383 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Hao-Yan Zhai
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, East 383 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, East 383 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Xing Qiao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, East 383 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - De-Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, East 383 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, East 383 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, East 383 Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China.
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13
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Torraca V, White RJ, Sealy IM, Mazon-Moya M, Duggan G, Willis AR, Busch-Nentwich EM, Mostowy S. Transcriptional profiling of zebrafish identifies host factors controlling susceptibility to Shigella flexneri. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050431. [PMID: 38131137 PMCID: PMC10846535 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella flexneri is a human-adapted pathovar of Escherichia coli that can invade the intestinal epithelium, causing inflammation and bacillary dysentery. Although an important human pathogen, the host response to S. flexneri has not been fully described. Zebrafish larvae represent a valuable model for studying human infections in vivo. Here, we use a Shigella-zebrafish infection model to generate mRNA expression profiles of host response to Shigella infection at the whole-animal level. Immune response-related processes dominate the signature of early Shigella infection (6 h post-infection). Consistent with its clearance from the host, the signature of late Shigella infection (24 h post-infection) is significantly changed, and only a small set of immune-related genes remain differentially expressed, including acod1 and gpr84. Using mutant lines generated by ENU, CRISPR mutagenesis and F0 crispants, we show that acod1- and gpr84-deficient larvae are more susceptible to Shigella infection. Together, these results highlight the power of zebrafish to model infection by bacterial pathogens and reveal the mRNA expression of the early (acutely infected) and late (clearing) host response to Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Torraca
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Richard J. White
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ian M. Sealy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maria Mazon-Moya
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gina Duggan
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexandra R. Willis
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Section of Microbiology, MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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14
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Cikes D, Leutner M, Cronin SJF, Novatchkova M, Pfleger L, Klepochová R, Lair B, Lac M, Bergoglio C, Viguerie N, Dürnberger G, Roitinger E, Grivej M, Rullman E, Gustafsson T, Hagelkruys A, Tavernier G, Bourlier V, Knauf C, Krebs M, Kautzky-Willer A, Moro C, Krssak M, Orthofer M, Penninger JM. Gpcpd1-GPC metabolic pathway is dysfunctional in aging and its deficiency severely perturbs glucose metabolism. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:80-94. [PMID: 38238601 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a central role in the regulation of systemic metabolism during lifespan. With aging, this function is perturbed, initiating multiple chronic diseases. Our knowledge of mechanisms responsible for this decline is limited. Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 1 (Gpcpd1) is a highly abundant muscle enzyme that hydrolyzes glycerophosphocholine (GPC). The physiological functions of Gpcpd1 remain largely unknown. Here we show, in mice, that the Gpcpd1-GPC metabolic pathway is perturbed in aged muscles. Further, muscle-specific, but not liver- or fat-specific, inactivation of Gpcpd1 resulted in severely impaired glucose metabolism. Western-type diets markedly worsened this condition. Mechanistically, Gpcpd1 muscle deficiency resulted in accumulation of GPC, causing an 'aged-like' transcriptomic signature and impaired insulin signaling in young Gpcpd1-deficient muscles. Finally, we report that the muscle GPC levels are markedly altered in both aged humans and patients with type 2 diabetes, displaying a high positive correlation between GPC levels and chronological age. Our findings reveal that the muscle GPCPD1-GPC metabolic pathway has an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and that it is impaired during aging, which may contribute to glucose intolerance in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
| | - Michael Leutner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane J F Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Pfleger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Radka Klepochová
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Lair
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Lac
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Bergoglio
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Mihaela Grivej
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Rullman
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular Theme, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Bourlier
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Moro
- Team MetaDiab, Inserm UMR1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Krssak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Orthofer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- JLP health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Long C, Li H, Liang P, Chao L, Hong Y, Zhang J, Xi Q, Zuo Y. Deciphering the decisive factors driving fate bifurcations in somatic cell reprogramming. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102044. [PMID: 37869261 PMCID: PMC10585637 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell studies have demonstrated that somatic cell reprogramming is a continuous process of cell fates transition. Only partial reprogramming intermediates can overcome the molecular bottlenecks to acquire pluripotency. To decipher the underlying decisive factors driving cell fate, we identified induced pluripotent stem cells or stromal-like cells (iPSCs/SLCs) and iPSCs or trophoblast-like cells (iPSCs/TLCs) fate bifurcations by reconstructing cellular trajectory. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition and the activation of pluripotency networks are the main molecular series in successful reprogramming. Correspondingly, intermediates diverge into SLCs accompanied by the inhibition of cell cycle genes and the activation of extracellular matrix genes, whereas the TLCs fate is characterized by the up-regulation of placenta development genes. Combining putative gene regulatory networks, seven (Taf7, Ezh2, Klf2, etc.) and three key factors (Cdc5l, Klf4, and Nanog) were individually identified as drivers of the successful reprogramming by triggering downstream pluripotent networks during iPSCs/SLCs and iPSCs/TLCs fate bifurcation. Conversely, 11 factors (Cebpb, Sox4, Junb, etc.) and four factors (Gata2, Jund, Ctnnb1, etc.) drive SLCs fate and TLCs fate, respectively. Our study sheds new light on the understanding of decisive factors driving cell fate, which is helpful for improving reprogramming efficiency through manipulating cell fates to avoid alternative fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Hanshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Lemuge Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qilemuge Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
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16
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Tao W, Ye Z, Wei Y, Wang J, Yang W, Yu G, Xiong J, Jia S. Insm1 regulates mTEC development and immune tolerance. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1472-1486. [PMID: 37990032 PMCID: PMC10687002 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of self-antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) is essential for the establishment of immune tolerance, but the regulatory network that controls the generation and maintenance of the multitude of cell populations expressing self-antigens is poorly understood. Here, we show that Insm1, a zinc finger protein with known functions in neuroendocrine and neuronal cells, is broadly coexpressed with an autoimmune regulator (Aire) in mTECs. Insm1 expression is undetectable in most mimetic cell populations derived from mTECs but persists in neuroendocrine mimetic cells. Mutation of Insm1 in mice downregulated Aire expression, dysregulated the gene expression program of mTECs, and altered mTEC subpopulations and the expression of tissue-restricted antigens. Consistent with these findings, loss of Insm1 resulted in autoimmune responses in multiple peripheral tissues. We found that Insm1 regulates gene expression in mTECs by binding to chromatin. Interestingly, the majority of the Insm1 binding sites are co-occupied by Aire and enriched in superenhancer regions. Together, our data demonstrate the important role of Insm1 in the regulation of the repertoire of self-antigens needed to establish immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint University Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihuan Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint University Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqiu Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint University Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxue Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxing Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint University Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Xiong
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Shiqi Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint University Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Lab of Guangzhou Basic and Translational Research of Pan-Vascular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Arora S, Yang J, Akiyama T, James DQ, Morrissey A, Blanda TR, Badjatia N, Lai WK, Ko MS, Pugh BF, Mahony S. Joint sequence & chromatin neural networks characterize the differential abilities of Forkhead transcription factors to engage inaccessible chromatin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.561228. [PMID: 37873361 PMCID: PMC10592618 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The DNA-binding activities of transcription factors (TFs) are influenced by both intrinsic sequence preferences and extrinsic interactions with cell-specific chromatin landscapes and other regulatory proteins. Disentangling the roles of these binding determinants remains challenging. For example, the FoxA subfamily of Forkhead domain (Fox) TFs are known pioneer factors that can bind to relatively inaccessible sites during development. Yet FoxA TF binding also varies across cell types, pointing to a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic forces guiding their binding. While other Forkhead domain TFs are often assumed to have pioneering abilities, how sequence and chromatin features influence the binding of related Fox TFs has not been systematically characterized. Here, we present a principled approach to compare the relative contributions of intrinsic DNA sequence preference and cell-specific chromatin environments to a TF's DNA-binding activities. We apply our approach to investigate how a selection of Fox TFs (FoxA1, FoxC1, FoxG1, FoxL2, and FoxP3) vary in their binding specificity. We over-express the selected Fox TFs in mouse embryonic stem cells, which offer a platform to contrast each TF's binding activity within the same preexisting chromatin background. By applying a convolutional neural network to interpret the Fox TF binding patterns, we evaluate how sequence and preexisting chromatin features jointly contribute to induced TF binding. We demonstrate that Fox TFs bind different DNA targets, and drive differential gene expression patterns, even when induced in identical chromatin settings. Despite the association between Forkhead domains and pioneering activities, the selected Fox TFs display a wide range of affinities for preexiting chromatin states. Using sequence and chromatin feature attribution techniques to interpret the neural network predictions, we show that differential sequence preferences combined with differential abilities to engage relatively inaccessible chromatin together explain Fox TF binding patterns at individual sites and genome-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny Arora
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tomohiko Akiyama
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Current address: School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Daniela Q. James
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alexis Morrissey
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas R. Blanda
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nitika Badjatia
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - William K.M. Lai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Minoru S.H. Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B. Franklin Pugh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Shaun Mahony
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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18
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Ahn J, Hwang IS, Park MR, Hwang S, Lee K. Imprinting at the KBTBD6 locus involves species-specific maternal methylation and monoallelic expression in livestock animals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:131. [PMID: 37817239 PMCID: PMC10565993 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary differentially methylated regions (DMRs) which are maternally hypermethylated serve as imprinting control regions (ICRs) that drive monoallelic gene expression, and these ICRs have been investigated due to their implications in mammalian development. Although a subset of genes has been identified as imprinted, in-depth comparative approach needs to be developed for identification of species-specific imprinted genes. Here, we examined DNA methylation status and allelic expression at the KBTBD6 locus across species and tissues and explored potential mechanisms of imprinting. RESULTS Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing on parthenogenetic and normal porcine embryos, we identified a maternally hypermethylated DMR between the embryos at the KBTBD6 promoter CpG island and paternal monoallelic expression of KBTBD6. Also, in analyzed domesticated mammals but not in humans, non-human primates and mice, the KBTBD6 promoter CpG islands were methylated in oocytes and/or allelically methylated in tissues, and monoallelic KBTBD6 expression was observed, indicating livestock-specific imprinting. Further analysis revealed that these CpG islands were embedded within transcripts in porcine and bovine oocytes which coexisted with an active transcription mark and DNA methylation, implying the presence of transcription-dependent imprinting. CONCLUSIONS In this study, our comparative approach revealed an imprinted expression of the KBTBD6 gene in domesticated mammals, but not in humans, non-human primates, and mice which implicates species-specific evolution of genomic imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Ahn
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - In-Sul Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonbuk, 55365 Republic of Korea
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Mi-Ryung Park
- Animal Biotechnology Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonbuk, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Jeollabuk-do, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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19
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Tu YH, Liu N, Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Loss of Otopetrin 1 affects thermoregulation during fasting in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292610. [PMID: 37812612 PMCID: PMC10561838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Otopetrin 1 (OTOP1) is a proton channel that is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue. We examined the physiology of Otop1-/- mice, which lack functional OTOP1. METHODS Mice were studied by indirect calorimetry and telemetric ambulatory body temperature monitoring. Mitochondrial function was measured as oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification. RESULTS Otop1-/- mice had similar body temperatures as control mice at baseline and in response to cold and hot ambient temperatures. However, in response to fasting the Otop1-/- mice exhibited an exaggerated hypothermia and hypometabolism. Similarly, in ex vivo tests of Otop1-/- brown adipose tissue mitochondrial function, there was no change in baseline oxygen consumption, but the oxygen consumption was reduced after maximal uncoupling with FCCP and increased upon stimulation with the β3-adrenergic agonist CL316243. Mast cells also express Otop1, and Otop1-/- mice had intact, possibly greater hypothermia in response to mast cell activation by the adenosine A3 receptor agonist MRS5698. No increase in insulin resistance was observed in the Otop1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Loss of OTOP1 does not change basal function of brown adipose tissue but affects stimulated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Tu
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Naili Liu
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Marc L. Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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20
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Li Y, Song WJ, Yi SK, Yu HX, Mo HL, Yao MX, Tao YX, Wang LX. Molecular Cloning, Tissue Distribution, and Pharmacological Characterization of GPR84 in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon Idella). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3001. [PMID: 37835607 PMCID: PMC10571743 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR84, activated by medium-chain fatty acids, primarily expressed in macrophages and microglia, is involved in inflammatory responses and retinal development in mammals and amphibians. However, our understanding of its structure, function, tissue expression, and signaling pathways in fish is limited. In this study, we cloned and characterized the coding sequence of GPR84 (ciGPR84) in grass carp. A phylogenetic analysis revealed its close relationship with bony fishes. High expression levels of GPR84 were observed in the liver and spleen. The transfection of HEK293T cells with ciGPR84 demonstrated its responsiveness to medium-chain fatty acids and diindolylmethane (DIM). Capric acid, undecanoic acid, and lauric acid activated ERK and inhibited cAMP signaling. Lauric acid showed the highest efficiency in activating the ERK pathway, while capric acid was the most effective in inhibiting cAMP signaling. Notably, DIM did not activate GPR84 in grass carp, unlike in mammals. These findings provide valuable insights for mitigating chronic inflammation in grass carp farming and warrant further exploration of the role of medium-chain fatty acids in inflammation regulation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.-J.S.); (H.-X.Y.); (H.-L.M.); (M.-X.Y.); (L.-X.W.)
| | - Wei-Jia Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.-J.S.); (H.-X.Y.); (H.-L.M.); (M.-X.Y.); (L.-X.W.)
| | - Shao-Kui Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Hui-Xia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.-J.S.); (H.-X.Y.); (H.-L.M.); (M.-X.Y.); (L.-X.W.)
| | - Hao-Lin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.-J.S.); (H.-X.Y.); (H.-L.M.); (M.-X.Y.); (L.-X.W.)
| | - Ming-Xing Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.-J.S.); (H.-X.Y.); (H.-L.M.); (M.-X.Y.); (L.-X.W.)
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (W.-J.S.); (H.-X.Y.); (H.-L.M.); (M.-X.Y.); (L.-X.W.)
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21
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Pryce G, Sisay S, Giovannoni G, Selwood DL, Baker D. Neuroprotection in an Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis via Opening of Big Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:972. [PMID: 37513884 PMCID: PMC10383993 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Big conductance calcium-activated (BK) channel openers can inhibit pathologically driven neural hyperactivity to control symptoms via hyperpolarizing signals to limit neural excitability. We hypothesized that BK channel openers would be neuroprotective during neuroinflammatory, autoimmune disease. The neurodegenerative disease was induced in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model with translational value to detect neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. Following the treatment with the BK channel openers, BMS-204253 and VSN16R, neuroprotection was assessed using subjective and objective clinical outcomes and by quantitating spinal nerve content. Treatment with BMS-204253 and VSN16R did not inhibit the development of relapsing autoimmunity, consistent with minimal channel expression via immune cells, nor did it change leukocyte levels in rodents or humans. However, it inhibited the accumulation of nerve loss and disability as a consequence of autoimmunity. Therefore, in addition to symptom control, BK channel openers have the potential to save nerves from excitotoxic damage and could be useful as either stand-alone neuroprotective agents or as add-ons to current disease-modifying treatments that block relapsing MS but do not have any direct neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Pryce
- BartsMS, The Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sofia Sisay
- BartsMS, The Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- BartsMS, The Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - David L Selwood
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Baker
- BartsMS, The Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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22
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Liu H, Zhang Q, He X, Jiang M, Wang S, Yan X, Cheng X, Liu Y, Nan FJ, Xu HE, Xie X, Yin W. Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the medium-chain fatty acid-sensing receptor GPR84. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3271. [PMID: 37277332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR84 is an orphan class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is predominantly expressed in immune cells and plays important roles in inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Gαi protein-coupled human GPR84 bound to a synthetic lipid-mimetic ligand, LY237, or a putative endogenous ligand, a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) 3-hydroxy lauric acid (3-OH-C12). Analysis of these two ligand-bound structures reveals a unique hydrophobic nonane tail -contacting patch, which forms a blocking wall to select MCFA-like agonists with the correct length. We also identify the structural features in GPR84 that coordinate the polar ends of LY237 and 3-OH-C12, including the interactions with the positively charged side chain of R172 and the downward movement of the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2). Together with molecular dynamics simulations and functional data, our structures reveal that ECL2 not only contributes to direct ligand binding, but also plays a pivotal role in ligand entry from the extracellular milieu. These insights into the structure and function of GPR84 could improve our understanding of ligand recognition, receptor activation, and Gαi-coupling of GPR84. Our structures could also facilitate rational drug discovery against inflammation and metabolic disorders targeting GPR84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 264117, Yantai, Shandong, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoci Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Fa-Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 264117, Yantai, Shandong, China
- National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024, Hangzhou, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, 264117, Yantai, Shandong, China.
- National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Wanchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 528400, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Im DS. Recent advances in GPR35 pharmacology; 5-HIAA serotonin metabolite becomes a ligand. Arch Pharm Res 2023:10.1007/s12272-023-01449-y. [PMID: 37227682 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
GPR35, an orphan receptor, has been waiting for its ligand since its cloning in 1998. Many endogenous and exogenous molecules have been suggested to act as agonists of GPR35 including kynurenic acid, zaprinast, lysophosphatidic acid, and CXCL17. However, complex and controversial responses to ligands among species have become a huge hurdle in the development of therapeutics in addition to the orphan state. Recently, a serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), is reported to be a high potency ligand for GPR35 by investigating the increased expression of GPR35 in neutrophils. In addition, a transgenic knock-in mouse line is developed, in which GPR35 was replaced with a human ortholog, making it possible not only to overcome the different selectivity of agonists among species but also to conduct therapeutic experiments on human GPR35 in mouse models. In the present article, I review the recent advances and prospective therapeutic directions in GPR35 research. Especially, I'd like to draw attention of readers to the finding of 5-HIAA as a ligand of GPR35 and lead to apply the 5-HIAA and human GPR35 knock-in mice to their research fields in a variety of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02446, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Bharadwaj R, Lusi CF, Mashayekh S, Nagar A, Subbarao M, Kane GI, Wodzanowski KA, Brown AR, Okuda K, Monahan A, Paik D, Nandy A, Anonick MV, Goldman WE, Kanneganti TD, Orzalli MH, Grimes CL, Atukorale PU, Silverman N. Methotrexate suppresses psoriatic skin inflammation by inhibiting muropeptide transporter SLC46A2 activity. Immunity 2023; 56:998-1012.e8. [PMID: 37116499 PMCID: PMC10195032 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic innate immune sensing is critical for protecting barrier tissues. NOD1 and NOD2 are cytosolic sensors of small peptidoglycan fragments (muropeptides) derived from the bacterial cell wall. These muropeptides enter cells, especially epithelial cells, through unclear mechanisms. We previously implicated SLC46 transporters in muropeptide transport in Drosophila immunity. Here, we focused on Slc46a2, which was highly expressed in mammalian epidermal keratinocytes, and showed that it was critical for the delivery of diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-muropeptides and activation of NOD1 in keratinocytes, whereas the related transporter Slc46a3 was critical for delivering the NOD2 ligand MDP to keratinocytes. In a mouse model, Slc46a2 and Nod1 deficiency strongly suppressed psoriatic inflammation, whereas methotrexate, a commonly used psoriasis therapeutic, inhibited Slc46a2-dependent transport of DAP-muropeptides. Collectively, these studies define SLC46A2 as a transporter of NOD1-activating muropeptides, with critical roles in the skin barrier, and identify this transporter as an important target for anti-inflammatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bharadwaj
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christina F Lusi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Abhinit Nagar
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Malireddi Subbarao
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Griffin I Kane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Ashley R Brown
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kendi Okuda
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amanda Monahan
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Donggi Paik
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anubhab Nandy
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - William E Goldman
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Megan H Orzalli
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Prabhani U Atukorale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Neal Silverman
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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25
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Romano G, Paradiso F, Li P, Shukla P, Barger LN, Naggar OE, Miller JP, Liang RJ, Helms TL, Lazar AJ, Wargo JA, Taraballi F, Costello JC, Kwong LN. Microparticle-Delivered Cxcl9 Prolongs Braf Inhibitor Efficacy in Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:558-569. [PMID: 36820825 PMCID: PMC10159986 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma show substantial responses to combined BRAF and MEK inhibition, but most relapse within 2 years. A major reservoir for drug resistance is minimal residual disease (MRD), comprised of drug-tolerant tumor cells laying in a dormant state. Towards exploiting potential therapeutic vulnerabilities of MRD, we established a genetically engineered mouse model of BrafV600E-driven melanoma MRD wherein genetic BrafV600E extinction leads to strong but incomplete tumor regression. Transcriptional time-course analysis after BrafV600E extinction revealed that after an initial surge of immune activation, tumors later became immunologically "cold" after MRD establishment. Computational analysis identified candidate T-cell recruiting chemokines as strongly upregulated initially and steeply decreasing as the immune response faded. Therefore, we hypothesized that sustaining chemokine signaling could impair MRD maintenance through increased recruitment of effector T cells. We found that intratumoral administration of recombinant Cxcl9 (rCxcl9), either naked or loaded in microparticles, significantly impaired MRD relapse in BRAF-inhibited tumors, including several complete pathologic responses after microparticle-delivered rCxcl9 combined with BRAF and MEK inhibition. Our experiments constitute proof of concept that chemokine-based microparticle delivery systems are a potential strategy to forestall tumor relapse and thus improve the clinical success of first-line treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Romano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Immune Cell Regulation & Targeting Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francesca Paradiso
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Department of Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
- Reproductive Biology and Gynecological Oncology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pooja Shukla
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lindsay N Barger
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Olivia El Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John P Miller
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger J Liang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Timothy L Helms
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Department of Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lawrence N Kwong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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26
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Li SX, Wang SW, Chen LH, Zhang Q, Lu D, Chen J, Fang YC, Gu M, Xie X, Nan FJ. Unsymmetrical Phosphodiesters as GPR84 Antagonists with High Blood Exposure for the Treatment of Lung Inflammation. J Med Chem 2023; 66:5820-5838. [PMID: 37053384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
GPR84 is a proinflammatory G protein-coupled receptor that mediates myeloid immune cell functions. Blocking GPR84 with antagonists is a promising approach for treating inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Previously, a GPR84 antagonist 604c, with a symmetrical phosphodiester structure, has displayed promising efficacy in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis. However, the low blood exposure resulting from physicochemical properties prevented its uses in other inflammatory diseases. In this study, a series of unsymmetrical phosphodiesters with lower lipophilicity were designed and tested. The representative compound 37 exhibited a 100-fold increase in mouse blood exposure compared to 604c while maintaining in vitro activity. In a mouse model of acute lung injury, 37 (30 mg/kg, po) significantly reduced the infiltration of proinflammatory cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated pathological changes equally or more effectively than N-acetylcysteine (100 mg/kg, po). These findings suggest that 37 is a promising candidate for treating lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Chen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
| | - Fa-Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China
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27
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Long T, Bhattacharyya T, Repele A, Naylor M, Nooti S, Krueger S, Manu. The contributions of DNA accessibility and transcription factor occupancy to enhancer activity during cellular differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529579. [PMID: 37090616 PMCID: PMC10120690 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of gene expression by enhancers depends upon the interplay between the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) and DNA accessibility. DNA accessibility is thought to limit the ability of TFs to bind to their sites, while TFs can increase accessibility to recruit additional factors that upregulate gene expression. Given this interplay, the causative regulatory events underlying the modulation of gene expression during cellular differentiation remain unknown for the vast majority of genes. We investigated the binding-site resolution dynamics of DNA accessibility and the expression dynamics of the enhancers of an important neutrophil gene, Cebpa, during macrophage-neutrophil differentiation. Reporter genes were integrated in a site-specific manner in PUER cells, which are progenitors that can be differentiated into neutrophils or macrophages in vitro by activating the pan-leukocyte TF PU.1. Time series data show that two enhancers upregulate reporter expression during the first 48 hours of neutrophil differentiation. Surprisingly, there is little or no increase in the total accessibility, measured by ATAC-Seq, of the enhancers during the same time period. Conversely, total accessibility peaks 96 hrs after PU.1 activation-consistent with its role as a pioneer-but the enhancers do not upregulate gene expression. Combining deeply sequenced ATAC-Seq data with a new bias-correction method allowed the profiling of accessibility at single-nucleotide resolution and revealed protected regions in the enhancers that match all previously characterized TF binding sites and ChIP-Seq data. Although the accessibility of most positions does not change during early differentiation, that of positions neighboring TF binding sites, an indicator of TF occupancy, did increase significantly. The localized accessibility changes are limited to nucleotides neighboring C/EBP-family TF binding sites, showing that the upregulation of enhancer activity during early differentiation is driven by C/EBP-family TF binding. These results show that increasing the total accessibility of enhancers is not sufficient for upregulating their activity and other events such as TF binding are necessary for upregulation. Also, TF binding can cause upregulation without a perceptible increase in total accessibility. Finally, this study demonstrates the feasibility of comprehensively mapping individual TF binding sites as footprints using high coverage ATAC-Seq and inferring the sequence of events in gene regulation by combining with time-series gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Long
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202-9019 ND, USA
| | - Tapas Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202-9019 ND, USA
| | - Andrea Repele
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202-9019 ND, USA
| | - Madison Naylor
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202-9019 ND, USA
| | - Sunil Nooti
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202-9019 ND, USA
| | - Shawn Krueger
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202-9019 ND, USA
| | - Manu
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, 58202-9019 ND, USA
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28
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Rabjohns EM, Rampersad RR, Ghosh A, Hurst K, Eudy AM, Brozowski JM, Lee HH, Ren Y, Mirando A, Gladman J, Bowser JL, Berg K, Wani S, Ralston SH, Hilton MJ, Tarrant TK. Aged G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 (Grk3)-Deficient Mice Exhibit Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis and Develop Bone Lesions Analogous to Human Paget's Disease of Bone. Cells 2023; 12:981. [PMID: 37048054 PMCID: PMC10093054 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's Disease of Bone (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by dysregulated osteoclast function leading to focal abnormalities of bone remodeling. It can lead to pain, fracture, and bone deformity. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) is an important negative regulator of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. GRK3 is known to regulate GPCR function in osteoblasts and preosteoblasts, but its regulatory function in osteoclasts is not well defined. Here, we report that Grk3 expression increases during osteoclast differentiation in both human and mouse primary cells and established cell lines. We also show that aged mice deficient in Grk3 develop bone lesions similar to those seen in human PDB and other Paget's Disease mouse models. We show that a deficiency in Grk3 expression enhances osteoclastogenesis in vitro and proliferation of hematopoietic osteoclast precursors in vivo but does not affect the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption function or cellular senescence pathway. Notably, we also observe decreased Grk3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with PDB compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Our data suggest that GRK3 has relevance to the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and that it may have relevance to the pathogenesis of PDB and other metabolic bone diseases associated with osteoclast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Rabjohns
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rishi R. Rampersad
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Arin Ghosh
- College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27510, USA
| | - Katlyn Hurst
- College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27510, USA
| | - Amanda M. Eudy
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jaime M. Brozowski
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anthony Mirando
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Justin Gladman
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn Berg
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sachin Wani
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Teresa K. Tarrant
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Durham Veterans Hospital, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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29
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Ohue-Kitano R, Nonaka H, Nishida A, Masujima Y, Takahashi D, Ikeda T, Uwamizu A, Tanaka M, Kohjima M, Igarashi M, Katoh H, Tanaka T, Inoue A, Suganami T, Hase K, Ogawa Y, Aoki J, Kimura I. Medium-chain fatty acids suppress lipotoxicity-induced hepatic fibrosis via the immunomodulating receptor GPR84. JCI Insight 2023; 8:165469. [PMID: 36480287 PMCID: PMC9977302 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which consist of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), are unique forms of dietary fat with various health benefits. G protein-coupled 84 (GPR84) acts as a receptor for MCFAs (especially C10:0 and C12:0); however, GPR84 is still considered an orphan receptor, and the nutritional signaling of endogenous and dietary MCFAs via GPR84 remains unclear. Here, we showed that endogenous MCFA-mediated GPR84 signaling protected hepatic functions from diet-induced lipotoxicity. Under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, GPR84-deficient mice exhibited nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the progression of hepatic fibrosis but not steatosis. With markedly increased hepatic MCFA levels under HFD, GPR84 suppressed lipotoxicity-induced macrophage overactivation. Thus, GPR84 is an immunomodulating receptor that suppresses excessive dietary fat intake-induced toxicity by sensing increases in MCFAs. Additionally, administering MCTs, MCFAs (C10:0 or C12:0, but not C8:0), or GPR84 agonists effectively improved NASH in mouse models. Therefore, exogenous GPR84 stimulation is a potential strategy for treating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohue-Kitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hazuki Nonaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Nishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Masujima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiharu Uwamizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kohjima
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Katoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies and,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Choi KM, Cho SH, Kim JH, Kim ARL, Kong X, Yoon JC. CFTR regulates brown adipocyte thermogenesis via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:132-139. [PMID: 36088207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by reduced growth and lower body weight, which are multifactorial. CF mouse models lack key disease characteristics that predispose to a negative energy balance, such as pulmonary infections or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and yet they still exhibit a growth defect and an abnormally increased energy expenditure. Whether adipocyte thermogenesis contributes to the elevated resting energy expenditure in CF mice is unknown. METHODS We examined the expression of CFTR in thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) and investigated a functional role for CFTR using BAT-specific CFTR null mice (CFTRBATKO). RESULTS The CFTR protein is expressed in mouse BAT at levels comparable to those in the lungs. BAT-specific inactivation of CFTR in mice increases whole-body energy expenditure associated with sympathetic stimulation by cold exposure. Weight gain on a high-fat diet is attenuated in these mice. However, CFTR-deficient brown adipocytes themselves have impaired, rather than enhanced, thermogenic responses. These cells feature decreased lipolysis and blunted activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in response to adrenergic stimulation. This suggests that compensatory heat production in other tissues likely accounts for the increased systemic energy expenditure seen in CFTRBATKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a new role for CFTR in the regulation of adipocyte thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jung Hak Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Ae-Rhee Lilian Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - John C Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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31
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Stäubert C, Wozniak M, Dupuis N, Laschet C, Pillaiyar T, Hanson J. Superconserved receptors expressed in the brain: Expression, function, motifs and evolution of an orphan receptor family. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108217. [PMID: 35644261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GPR27, GPR85 and GPR173 constitute a small family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that share the distinctive characteristics of being highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and predominantly expressed in the brain. Accordingly, they have been coined as "Superconserved Receptors Expressed in the Brain" (SREB), although their expression profile is more complex than what was originally thought. SREBs have no known validated endogenous ligands and are thus labeled as "orphan" receptors. The investigation of this particular category of uncharacterized receptors holds great promise both in terms of physiology and drug development. In the largest GPCR family, the Rhodopsin-like or Class A, around 100 receptors are considered orphans. Because GPCRs are the most successful source of drug targets, the discovery of a novel function or ligand most likely will lead to significant breakthroughs for the discovery of innovative therapies. The high level of conservation is one of the characteristic features of the SREBs. We propose herein a detailed analysis of the putative evolutionary origin of this family. We highlight the properties that distinguish SREBs from other rhodopsin-like GPCRs. We present the current evidence for these receptors downstream signaling pathways and functions. We discuss the pharmacological challenge for the identification of natural or synthetic ligands of orphan receptors like SREBs. The different SREB-related scientific questions are presented with a highlight on what should be addressed in the near future, including the confirmation of published evidence and their validation as drug targets. In particular, we discuss in which pathological conditions these receptors may be of great relevance to solve unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stäubert
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Monika Wozniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Laschet
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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32
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ACAP1 Deficiency Predicts Inferior Immunotherapy Response in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235951. [PMID: 36497434 PMCID: PMC9740925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ACAP1 plays a key role in endocytic recycling, which is essential for the normal function of lymphocytes. However, the expression and function of ACAP1 in lymphocytes have rarely been studied. METHODS Large-scale genomic data, including multiple bulk RNA-sequencing datasets, single-cell sequencing datasets, and immunotherapy cohorts, were exploited to comprehensively characterize ACAP1 expression, regulation, and function. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to uncover the pathways associated with ACAP1 expression. Eight algorithms, including TIMER, CIBERSORT, CIBERSORT-ABS, QUANTISEQ, xCELL, MCPCOUNTER, EPIC, and TIDE, were applied to estimate the infiltrating level of immune cells. Western blotting, qPCR, and ChIP-PCR were used to validate the findings from bioinformatic analyses. A T-cell co-culture killing assay was used to investigate the function of ACAP1 in lymphocytes. RESULTS ACAP1 was highly expressed in immune-related tissues and cells and minimally in other tissues. Moreover, single-cell sequencing analysis in tumor samples revealed that ACAP1 is expressed primarily in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including T, B, and NK cells. ACAP1 expression is negatively regulated by promoter DNA methylation, with its promoter hypo-methylated in immune cells but hyper-methylated in other cells. Furthermore, SPI1 binds to the ACAP1 promoter and positively regulates its expression in immune cells. ACAP1 levels positively correlate with the infiltrating levels of TILs, especially CD8+ T cells, across a broad range of solid cancer types. ACAP1 deficiency is associated with poor prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in multiple cancer types treated with checkpoint blockade therapy (ICT). Functionally, the depletion of ACAP1 by RNA interference significantly impairs the T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that ACAP1 is essential for the normal function of TILs, and its deficiency indicates an immunologically "cold" status of tumors that are resistant to ICT.
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33
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Genomic Analysis of Gastrointestinal Parasite Resistance in Akkaraman Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122177. [PMID: 36553445 PMCID: PMC9778220 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used as an effective tool to understand the genetics of complex traits such as gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) resistance. The aim of this study was to understand the genetics of gastrointestinal parasite (nematodes, Moniezia spp., Eimeria spp.) resistance in Akkaraman sheep by performing genomic heritability estimations and conducting GWAS to uncover responsible genomic regions. This is one of the first studies to examine the genetic resistance of Akkaraman sheep to the tapeworm parasite. The samples from 475 animals were genotyped using the Axiom 50K Ovine Genotyping Array. Genomic heritability estimates ranged from 0.00 to 0.34 for parasite resistance traits. This indicates that measured phenotypes have low to moderate heritability estimates. A total of two genome-wide significant SNP associated with TNEM3 and ATRNL1 genes and 10 chromosome-wide significant SNPs related with 10 genes namely NELL1, ST6GALNAC3, HIPK1, SYT1, ALK, ZNF596, TMCO5A, PTH2R, LARGE1, and SCG2 were suggested as candidates for parasite resistance traits. The majority of these candidate genes were involved in several basic biological processes that are essential and important for immune system functions and cellular growth; specifically, inflammatory responses, cellular transport, cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, histone de-acetylation, and endocytosis. These results have implications for animal breeding program studies due to the effect that the genetic background has on parasite resistance, which underlies many productive, health, and wellness-related traits.
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34
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Zhang Q, Chen LH, Yang H, Fang YC, Wang SW, Wang M, Yuan QT, Wu W, Zhang YM, Liu ZJ, Nan FJ, Xie X. GPR84 signaling promotes intestinal mucosal inflammation via enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2042-2054. [PMID: 34912006 PMCID: PMC9343429 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative medium-chain free fatty acid receptor GPR84 is a G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in myeloid cells that constitute the innate immune system, including neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages in the periphery and microglia in the brain. The fact that GPR84 expression in leukocytes is remarkably increased under acute inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα suggests that it may play a role in the development of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Here we demonstrate that GPR84 is highly upregulated in inflamed colon tissues of active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Infiltrating GPR84+ macrophages are significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of both the UC patients and the mice with colitis. Consistently, GPR84-/- mice are resistant to the development of colitis induced by DSS. GPR84 activation imposes pro-inflammatory properties in colonic macrophages through enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while the loss of GPR84 prevents the M1 polarization and properties of proinflammatory macrophages. CLH536, a novel GPR84 antagonist discovered by us, suppresses colitis by reducing the polarization and function of pro-inflammatory macrophages. These results define a unique role of GPR84 in innate immune cells and intestinal inflammation, and suggest that GPR84 may serve as a potential drug target for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 China
| | - Lin-hai Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hui Yang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - You-chen Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Si-wei Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Min Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qian-ting Yuan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wei Wu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | | | - Zhan-ju Liu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Fa-jun Nan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024 China ,Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000 China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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35
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Orphan GPR26 Counteracts Early Phases of Hyperglycemia-Mediated Monocyte Activation and Is Suppressed in Diabetic Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071736. [PMID: 35885041 PMCID: PMC9312814 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity. T2D increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, and kidney failure by two-to three-fold. Hyperglycemia, as a hallmark of diabetes, acts as a potent stimulator of inflammatory condition by activating endothelial cells and by dysregulating monocyte activation. G-protein couple receptors (GPCRs) can both exacerbate and promote inflammatory resolution. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicate that GPCRs are differentially regulated in inflammatory and vessel cells from diabetic patients. However, most of these GPCRs are orphan receptors, for which the mechanism of action in diabetes is unknown. Our data indicated that orphan GPCR26 is downregulated in the PBMC isolated from T2D patients. In contrast, GPR26 was initially upregulated in human monocytes and PBMC treated with high glucose (HG) levels and then decreased upon chronic and prolonged HG exposure. GPR26 levels were decreased in T2D patients treated with insulin compared to non-insulin treated patients. Moreover, GPR26 inversely correlated with the BMI and the HbA1c of diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients. Knockdown of GPR26 enhanced monocyte ROS production, MAPK signaling, pro-inflammatory activation, monocyte adhesion to ECs, and enhanced the activity of Caspase 3, a pro-apoptotic molecule. The same mechanisms were activated by HG and exacerbated when GPR26 was knocked down. Hence, our data indicated that GPR26 is initially activated to protect monocytes from HG and is inhibited under chronic hyperglycemic conditions.
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Baranovsky A, Ivanov T, Granovskaya M, Papatsenko D, Pervouchine DD. Transcriptome analysis reveals high tumor heterogeneity with respect to re-activation of stemness and proliferation programs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268626. [PMID: 35587924 PMCID: PMC9119523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant alterations in signaling pathways and transcriptional regulatory programs together represent major hallmarks of many cancers. These, among all, include the reactivation of stemness, which is registered by the expression of pathways that are active in the embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we assembled gene sets that reflect the stemness and proliferation signatures and used them to analyze a large panel of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Consortium in order to specifically assess the expression of stemness-related and proliferation-related genes across a collection of different tumor types. We introduced a metric that captures the collective similarity of the expression profile of a tumor to that of ESCs, which showed that stemness and proliferation signatures vary greatly between different tumor types. We also observed a high degree of intertumoral heterogeneity in the expression of stemness- and proliferation-related genes, which was associated with increased hazard ratios in a fraction of tumors and mirrored by high intratumoral heterogeneity and a remarkable stemness capacity in metastatic lesions across cancer cells in single cell RNA-seq datasets. Taken together, these results indicate that the expression of stemness signatures is highly heterogeneous and cannot be used as a universal determinant of cancer. This calls into question the universal validity of diagnostic tests that are based on stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Baranovsky
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timofei Ivanov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitri Papatsenko
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri D. Pervouchine
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Sasaki H, Sasaki N. Tensin 2-deficient nephropathy - mechanosensitive nephropathy, genetic susceptibility. Exp Anim 2022; 71:252-263. [PMID: 35444113 PMCID: PMC9388341 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensin 2 (TNS2), a focal adhesion protein, is considered to anchor focal adhesion proteins to β integrin as an integrin adaptor protein and/or serve as a scaffold to facilitate the
interactions of these proteins. In the kidney, TNS2 localizes to the basolateral surface of glomerular epithelial cells, i.e., podocytes. Loss of TNS2 leads to the development of glomerular
basement membrane lesions and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix in maturing glomeruli during the early postnatal stages. It subsequently results in podocyte foot process
effacement, eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis. Histopathological features of the affected glomeruli in the middle stage of the disease include expansion of the mesangial matrix
without mesangial cell proliferation. In this review, we provide an overview of TNS2-deficient nephropathy and discuss the potential mechanism underlying this mechanosensitive nephropathy,
which may be applicable to other glomerulonephropathies, such as CD151-deficient nephropathy and Alport syndrome. The onset of TNS2-deficient nephropathy strictly depends on the genetic
background, indicating the presence of critical modifier genes. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of mechanosensitive nephropathy may open new avenues for the management of
patients with glomerulonephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
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Chen LH, Zhang Q, Xiao YF, Fang YC, Xie X, Nan FJ. Phosphodiesters as GPR84 Antagonists for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3991-4006. [PMID: 35195005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
GPR84 is a proinflammatory G protein-coupled receptor associated with several inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. GPR84 antagonists have been evaluated in clinical trials to treat ulcerative colitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the variety of potent and selective GPR84 antagonists is still limited. Through high-throughput screening, a novel phosphodiester compound hit 1 was identified as a GPR84 antagonist. The subsequent structural optimization led to the identification of compound 33 with improved potency in the calcium mobilization assay and the ability to inhibit the chemotaxis of neutrophils and macrophages upon GPR84 activation. In a DSS-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis, compound 33 significantly alleviated colitis symptoms and reduced the disease activity index score at oral doses of 25 mg/kg qd, with an efficacy similar to that of positive control 5-aminosalicylic acid (200 mg/kg, qd, po), suggesting that compound 33 is a promising candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yu-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Chen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Fa-Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong 264000, China
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Freundt GV, von Samson-Himmelstjerna FA, Nitz JT, Luedde M, Waltenberger J, Wieland T, Frey N, Preusch M, Hippe HJ. The orphan receptor GPRC5B activates pro-inflammatory signaling in the vascular wall via Fyn and NFκB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 592:60-66. [PMID: 35033869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is driven by an inflammatory process of the vascular wall. The novel orphan G-protein coupled receptor 5B of family C (GPRC5B) is involved in drosophila sugar and lipid metabolism as well as mice adipose tissue inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of GPRC5B in the pro-atherogenic mechanisms of hyperglycemia and vascular inflammation. METHODS Immortalized and primary endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used for stimulation with high glucose or different cytokines. Adenoviral- or plasmid-driven GPRC5B overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown were performed in these cells to analyze functional and mechanistic pathways of GPRC5B. RESULTS In ECs and VSMCs, stimulation with high glucose, TNFα or LPS induced a significant upregulation of endogenous GPRC5B mRNA and protein levels. GPRC5B overexpression and knockdown increased and attenuated, respectively, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 as well as the pro-atherogenic vascular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Furthermore, the expression and activity of the metalloproteinase MMP-9, a component of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, were significantly enhanced by GPRC5B overexpression. Mechanistically, GPRC5B increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activated NFκB through a direct interaction with the tyrosine kinase Fyn. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that GPRC5B is upregulated in response to high glucose and pro-inflammatory signaling. GPRC5B functionally modulates the inflammatory activity in cells of the vascular wall, suggesting a pro-atherogenic GPRC5B-dependent positive feedback loop via Fyn and NFκB. Thus, GPRC5B warrants further attention as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of vascular inflammation and possibly atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Verena Freundt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Thorge Nitz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, D- 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Maybachstr. 14, D-68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Preusch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Hippe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Yassouf MY, Zhang X, Huang Z, Zhai D, Sekiya R, Kawabata T, Li TS. Biphasic effect of mechanical stress on lymphocyte activation. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:1521-1531. [PMID: 34724217 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces can modulate the immune response, mostly described as promoting the activation of immune cells, but the role and mechanism of pathological levels of mechanical stress in lymphocyte activation have not been focused on before. By an ex vivo experimental approach, we observed that mechanical stressing of murine spleen lymphocytes with 50 mmHg for 3 h induced the nuclear localization of NFAT1, increased C-Jun, and increased the expression of early activation marker CD69 in resting CD8+ cells. Interestingly, 50 mmHg mechanical stressing induced the nuclear localization of NFAT1; but conversely decreased C-Jun and inhibited the expression of CD69 in lymphocytes under lipopolysaccharide or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin stimulation. Additionally, we observed similar changes trends when comparing RNA-seq data of hypertensive and normotensive COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate a biphasic effect of mechanical stress on lymphocyte activation, which provides insight into the variety of immune responses in pathologies involving elevated mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Yousuf Yassouf
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Zisheng Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Da Zhai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Reiko Sekiya
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawabata
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Mapping of Macrophages in the Hub of Chronic Beta-Adrenergic-Stimulation Unravels Hypertrophy-, Proliferation-, and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes as Novel Potential Markers of Early Hypertrophy or Heart Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020221. [PMID: 35203431 PMCID: PMC8869621 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system overdrive with chronic release of catecholamines is the most important neurohormonal mechanism activated to maintain cardiac output in response to heart stress. Beta-adrenergic signaling behaves first as a compensatory pathway improving cardiac contractility and maladaptive remodeling but becomes dysfunctional leading to pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). Cardiac remodeling is a complex inflammatory syndrome where macrophages play a determinant role. This study aimed at characterizing the temporal transcriptomic evolution of cardiac macrophages in mice subjected to beta-adrenergic-stimulation using RNA sequencing. Owing to a comprehensive bibliographic analysis and complementary lipidomic experiments, this study deciphers typical gene profiles in early compensated hypertrophy (ECH) versus late dilated remodeling related to HF. We uncover cardiac hypertrophy- and proliferation-related transcription programs typical of ECH or HF macrophages and identify lipid metabolism-associated and Na+ or K+ channel-related genes as markers of ECH and HF macrophages, respectively. In addition, our results substantiate the key time-dependent role of inflammatory, metabolic, and functional gene regulation in macrophages during beta-adrenergic dependent remodeling. This study provides important and novel knowledge to better understand the prevalent key role of resident macrophages in response to chronically activated beta-adrenergic signaling, an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target in failing hearts.
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Al-Barghouthi BM, Rosenow WT, Du KP, Heo J, Maynard R, Mesner L, Calabrese G, Nakasone A, Senwar B, Gerstenfeld L, Larner J, Ferguson V, Ackert-Bicknell C, Morgan E, Brautigan D, Farber CR. Transcriptome-wide association study and eQTL colocalization identify potentially causal genes responsible for human bone mineral density GWAS associations. eLife 2022; 11:77285. [PMID: 36416764 PMCID: PMC9683789 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for bone mineral density (BMD) in humans have identified over 1100 associations to date. However, identifying causal genes implicated by such studies has been challenging. Recent advances in the development of transcriptome reference datasets and computational approaches such as transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) colocalization have proven to be informative in identifying putatively causal genes underlying GWAS associations. Here, we used TWAS/eQTL colocalization in conjunction with transcriptomic data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project to identify potentially causal genes for the largest BMD GWAS performed to date. Using this approach, we identified 512 genes as significant using both TWAS and eQTL colocalization. This set of genes was enriched for regulators of BMD and members of bone relevant biological processes. To investigate the significance of our findings, we selected PPP6R3, the gene with the strongest support from our analysis which was not previously implicated in the regulation of BMD, for further investigation. We observed that Ppp6r3 deletion in mice decreased BMD. In this work, we provide an updated resource of putatively causal BMD genes and demonstrate that PPP6R3 is a putatively causal BMD GWAS gene. These data increase our understanding of the genetics of BMD and provide further evidence for the utility of combined TWAS/colocalization approaches in untangling the genetics of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Maher Al-Barghouthi
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Will T Rosenow
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Kang-Ping Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Jinho Heo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Robert Maynard
- Department of Orthopedics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of ColoradoAuroraUnited States
| | - Larry Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States,Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Gina Calabrese
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Aaron Nakasone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Bhavya Senwar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Louis Gerstenfeld
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical CenterBostonUnited States
| | - James Larner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Virginia Ferguson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Cheryl Ackert-Bicknell
- Department of Orthopedics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of ColoradoAuroraUnited States
| | - Elise Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - David Brautigan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States,Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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Epithelial GPR35 protects from Citrobacter rodentium infection by preserving goblet cells and mucosal barrier integrity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:443-458. [PMID: 35264769 PMCID: PMC9038528 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Goblet cells secrete mucin to create a protective mucus layer against invasive bacterial infection and are therefore essential for maintaining intestinal health. However, the molecular pathways that regulate goblet cell function remain largely unknown. Although GPR35 is highly expressed in colonic epithelial cells, its importance in promoting the epithelial barrier is unclear. In this study, we show that epithelial Gpr35 plays a critical role in goblet cell function. In mice, cell-type-specific deletion of Gpr35 in epithelial cells but not in macrophages results in goblet cell depletion and dysbiosis, rendering these animals more susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium infection. Mechanistically, scRNA-seq analysis indicates that signaling of epithelial Gpr35 is essential to maintain normal pyroptosis levels in goblet cells. Our work shows that the epithelial presence of Gpr35 is a critical element for the function of goblet cell-mediated symbiosis between host and microbiota.
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Yang NJ, Isensee J, Neel DV, Quadros AU, Zhang HXB, Lauzadis J, Liu SM, Shiers S, Belu A, Palan S, Marlin S, Maignel J, Kennedy-Curran A, Tong VS, Moayeri M, Röderer P, Nitzsche A, Lu M, Pentelute BL, Brüstle O, Tripathi V, Foster KA, Price TJ, Collier RJ, Leppla SH, Puopolo M, Bean BP, Cunha TM, Hucho T, Chiu IM. Anthrax toxins regulate pain signaling and can deliver molecular cargoes into ANTXR2 + DRG sensory neurons. Nat Neurosci 2021; 25:168-179. [PMID: 34931070 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial products can act on neurons to alter signaling and function. In the present study, we found that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons are enriched for ANTXR2, the high-affinity receptor for anthrax toxins. Anthrax toxins are composed of protective antigen (PA), which binds to ANTXR2, and the protein cargoes edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). Intrathecal administration of edema toxin (ET (PA + EF)) targeted DRG neurons and induced analgesia in mice. ET inhibited mechanical and thermal sensation, and pain caused by formalin, carrageenan or nerve injury. Analgesia depended on ANTXR2 expressed by Nav1.8+ or Advillin+ neurons. ET modulated protein kinase A signaling in mouse sensory and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived sensory neurons, and attenuated spinal cord neurotransmission. We further engineered anthrax toxins to introduce exogenous protein cargoes, including botulinum toxin, into DRG neurons to silence pain. Our study highlights interactions between a bacterial toxin and nociceptors, which may lead to the development of new pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Yang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jörg Isensee
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dylan V Neel
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreza U Quadros
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Justas Lauzadis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Shiers
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Andreea Belu
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Victoria S Tong
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahtab Moayeri
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pascal Röderer
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Cellomics Unit, LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Nitzsche
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Cellomics Unit, LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mike Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - R John Collier
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen H Leppla
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelino Puopolo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bruce P Bean
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Galione A. Acidic Ca 2+ stores and immune-cell function. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102516. [PMID: 34922066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acidic organelles act as intracellular Ca2+ stores; they actively sequester Ca2+ in their lumina and release it to the cytosol upon activation of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Recent data suggest important roles of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, the Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) and the TRPML channels (mucolipins), in different aspects of immune-cell function, particularly impacting membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion/fission and secretion. Remarkably, different channels on the same acidic vesicles can couple to different downstream physiology. Endo-lysosomal Ca2+ stores can act under different modalities, be they acting alone (via local Ca2+ nanodomains around TPCs/TRPMLs) or in conjunction with the ER Ca2+ store (to either promote or suppress global ER Ca2+ release). These different modalities impinge upon functions as broad as phagocytosis, cell-killing, anaphylaxis, immune memory, thrombostasis, and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Chen K, Liao S, Li Y, Jiang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Kuek V, Kenny J, Li B, Huang Q, Hong J, Huang Y, Chim SM, Tickner J, Pavlos NJ, Zhao J, Liu Q, Qin A, Xu J. Osteoblast-derived EGFL6 couples angiogenesis to osteogenesis during bone repair. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9738-9751. [PMID: 34815781 PMCID: PMC8581413 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are highly coupled processes which are indispensable to bone repair. However, the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. To bridge the gap in understanding the coupling process is crucial to develop corresponding solutions to abnormal bone healing. Epidermal growth factor-like protein 6 (EGFL6) is an angiogenic factor specifically and distinctively up-regulated during osteoblast differentiation. In contrast with most currently known osteoblast-derived coupling factors, EGFL6 is highlighted with little or low expression in other cells and tissues. Methods: In this study, primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1) were transduced with lentiviral silencing or overexpression constructs targeting EGFL6. Cells were induced by osteogenic medium, followed by the evaluation of mineralization as well as related gene and protein expression. Global and conditional knockout mice were established to examine the bone phenotype under physiological condition. Furthermore, bone defect models were created to investigate the outcome of bone repair in mice lacking EGFL6 expression. Results: We show that overexpression of EGFL6 markedly enhances osteogenic capacity in vitro by augmenting bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-Smad and MAPK signaling, whereas downregulation of EGFL6 diminishes osteoblastic mineralization. Interestingly, osteoblast differentiation was not affected by the exogenous addition of EGFL6 protein, thereby indicating that EGFL6 may regulate osteoblastic function in an intracrine manner. Mice with osteoblast-specific and global knockout of EGFL6 surprisingly exhibit a normal bone phenotype under physiological conditions. However, EGFL6-deficiency leads to compromised bone repair in a bone defect model which is characterized by decreased formation of type H vessels as well as osteoblast lineage cells. Conclusions: Together, these data demonstrate that EGFL6 serves as an essential regulator to couple osteogenesis to angiogenesis during bone repair.
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Nolan ND, Jenny LA, Wang NK, Tsang SH. Retinal pigment epithelium lipid metabolic demands and therapeutic restoration. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021; 11:216-220. [PMID: 34703736 PMCID: PMC8493995 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_31_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the defining features of the retina is the tight metabolic coupling between cells such as photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This necessitates the compartmentalization and proper substrate availability required for specialized processes such as photo-transduction. Glucose metabolism is preferential in many human cell types for adenosine triphosphate generation, yet fatty acid β-oxidation generates essential fuel for RPE. Here, we provide a brief overview of metabolic demands in both the healthy and dystrophic RPE with an emphasis on fatty acid oxidation. We outline therapies aimed at renormalizing this metabolism and explore future avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Nolan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Postler TS, Peng V, Bhatt DM, Ghosh S. Metformin selectively dampens the acute inflammatory response through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18721. [PMID: 34548527 PMCID: PMC8455559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line drug in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its antigluconeogenic and insulin-sensitizing properties, metformin has emerged as a potent inhibitor of the chronic inflammatory response of macrophages. In particular, metformin treatment has been shown to reduce expression of interleukin (IL-) 1β during long-term exposure to the pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which decreases the levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1-α, and through enhanced expression of IL-10. However, the effect of metformin on the acute inflammatory response, before significant levels of ROS accumulate in the cell, has not been explored. Here, we show that metformin alters the acute inflammatory response through its activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but independently of HIF1-α and IL-10, in primary macrophages and two macrophage-like cell lines. Thus, metformin changes the acute and the chronic inflammatory response through fundamentally distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis reveals that metformin pretreatment affects the levels of a large yet selective subset of inflammatory genes, dampening the response to short-term LPS exposure and affecting a wide range of pathways and biological functions. Taken together, these findings reveal an unexpected complexity in the anti-inflammatory properties of this widely used drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dev M Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Amgen Research Oncology and Inflammation, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Sturm G, List M, Zhang JD. Tissue heterogeneity is prevalent in gene expression studies. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab077. [PMID: 34514392 PMCID: PMC8415427 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of reproducibility in gene expression studies is a serious issue being actively addressed by the biomedical research community. Besides established factors such as batch effects and incorrect sample annotations, we recently reported tissue heterogeneity, a consequence of unintended profiling of cells of other origins than the tissue of interest, as a source of variance. Although tissue heterogeneity exacerbates irreproducibility, its prevalence in gene expression data remains unknown. Here, we systematically analyse 2 667 publicly available gene expression datasets covering 76 576 samples. Using two independent data compendia and a reproducible, open-source software pipeline, we find a prevalence of tissue heterogeneity in gene expression data that affects between 1 and 40% of the samples, depending on the tissue type. We discover both cases of severe heterogeneity, which may be caused by mistakes in annotation or sample handling, and cases of moderate heterogeneity, which are likely caused by tissue infiltration or sample contamination. Our analysis establishes tissue heterogeneity as a widespread phenomenon in publicly available gene expression datasets, which constitutes an important source of variance that should not be ignored. Consequently, we advocate the application of quality-control methods such as BioQC to detect tissue heterogeneity prior to mining or analysing gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jitao David Zhang
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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