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Hu C, Ren C, Wu Y, Lin R, Shen T, Li T, Yu D, Jiang L, Wan Z, Luo Y, Su T, Yu J, Qiu Y. ZLN005, a PGC-1α agonist, delays photoreceptor degeneration by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in a murine model of retinitis pigmentosa. Neuropharmacology 2025; 269:110361. [PMID: 39952351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of photoreceptors caused by mutations in various genes. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial biogenesis plays a critical role in many neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in rd1 mice, a widely recognized model of RP. Male C57BL/6 mice and age-matched rd1 mice were used for in vivo experiments, while H2O2 was employed on 661w cells to establish an in vitro model. Our findings revealed that mitochondrial biogenesis and the regulatory PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM pathway were significantly downregulated in rd1 mice. Treatment with ZLN005, a PGC-1α agonist, markedly improved visual function in rd1 mice and alleviated thinning of the retinal outer nuclear layer. Additionally, ZLN005 enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and restored mitochondrial function in photoreceptors. Further analysis in vitro confirmed that ZLN005 rescued photoreceptor degeneration by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM pathway. In summary, our results highlight the critical role of mitochondrial biogenesis and the PGC-1α/NRF-1/TFAM pathway in the progression of RP. This offers a potential strategy to delay photoreceptor degeneration in RP by maintaining mitochondrial function and could be combined with existing therapies for improving treatment outcomes through synergistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chengda Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruoyi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tianyi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhongqi Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yunhong Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tu Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, China.
| | - Yaoyan Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Khamis MM, Moselhy SS, Rihan S. Role of trans-resveratrol in ameliorating biochemical and molecular alterations in obese rats induced by a high fructose/fat diet. Sci Rep 2025; 15:7879. [PMID: 40050385 PMCID: PMC11885455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of trans-resveratrol (RSV) in ameliorating biochemical and molecular alterations in obese Wister male rats fed on high-fat/high-fructose-fed. Male Wister rats were divided into eight groups and fed with either a standard diet (control), high fructose (HF), high fat (HFAT), or a high- fructose high- fat (HF/HFAT) diet and supplemented with RSV (30 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The food intake, body weight, glycemic parameters, lipid profile, oxidative stress were assessed. SIRT1 gene expression, PGC-1α, cyto-c and GLUT-4 were evaluated by qRT-PCR in adipose tissue of normal and obese rats. The body weight gain, serum fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in the HF and HF/HFAT groups than in the HFAT and control groups. Hyperlipidemia was observed in high calorie diets fed rats compared to control group. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c were significantly elevated while HDL- c was significantly decreased in HF & HF/HFAT groups compared to HFAT group. The levels of serum malondialdhyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in adipose tissue were elevated in all groups compared to control group, particularly in the groups that were kept on a high fructose diets (HF, HF/HFAT). SIRT-1, PGC-1α, Cyto-c, and GLUT-4 genes levels were significantly down regulated in HF, HFAT & HF/HFAT groups compared to control group. Supplementation of T-RSV restored the alteration in carbohydrates-lipid metabolism as well as oxidative stress and upregulation of SIRT-1, PGC-1α, Cyto-c, and GLUT-4 genes. RSV is a promising treatment in the management of pathologic consequences of obesity from high-calorie diet consumption via molecular alteration of target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Maher Khamis
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said Salama Moselhy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Rihan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Liang Y, Ma D, Li M, Wang Z, Hao C, Sun Y, Hao X, Zuo C, Li S, Feng Y, Qi S, Wang Y, Sun S, Xu YM, Andreassen OA, Shi C. Exome sequencing identifies novel genes associated with cerebellar volume and microstructure. Commun Biol 2025; 8:344. [PMID: 40025133 PMCID: PMC11873060 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-025-07797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025] Open
Abstract
Proteins encoded by exons are critical for cellular functions, and mutations in these genes often result in significant phenotypic effects. The cerebellum is linked to various heritable human disease phenotypes, yet genome-wide association studies have struggled to capture the effects of rare variants on cerebellar traits. This study conducts a large-scale exome association analysis using data from approximately 35,000 UK Biobank participants, examining seven cerebellar traits, including total cerebellar volume and white matter microstructure. We identify 90 genes associated with cerebellar traits, 60 of which were previously unreported in genome-wide association studies. Notable findings include the discovery of genes like PRKRA and TTK, as well as RASGRP3, linked to cerebellar volume and white matter microstructure. Gene enrichment analysis reveals associations with non-coding RNA processing, cognitive function, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental disorders, suggesting shared biological mechanisms between cerebellar phenotypes and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Dongrui Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chenwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yuemeng Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shuangjie Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shasha Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shilei Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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4
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Yu H, Ren K, Jin Y, Zhang L, Liu H, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Chen X, Yang Y, Wei Z. Mitochondrial DAMPs: Key mediators in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. Neuropharmacology 2025; 264:110217. [PMID: 39557152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are increasingly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Central to this link are mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), including mitochondrial DNA, ATP, and reactive oxygen species, released during mitochondrial stress or damage. These mtDAMPs activate inflammatory pathways, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome and cGAS-STING, contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This review delves into the mechanisms by which mtDAMPs drive neuroinflammation and discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to mitigate neurodegeneration. Additionally, it explores the cross-talk between mitochondria and the immune system, highlighting the complex interplay that exacerbates neuronal damage. Understanding the role of mtDAMPs could pave the way for novel treatments aimed at modulating neuroinflammation and slowing disease progression, ultimately improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Yage Jin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830046, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Ziqing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
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Zhang S, Wang S, Yang Z, Li Y, Li J, Chen X, Yao H, Zheng Z, Guo X. Leucine 7 is a key residue for mutant huntingtin-induced mitochondrial pathology and neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease. J Biol Chem 2025; 301:108297. [PMID: 39947473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the HTT gene. Mutant huntingtin (mHTT) associates with mitochondria, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of N-terminal first 17 amino acids (N17) of mHTT in regulating its mitochondrial localization. Specifically, we demonstrate that the mutation at leucine 7 of N17 domain suppresses the association of mHTT with mitochondria. Blocking mitochondrial localization of HTT exon 1 with 73 glutamine repeats (HTT-Q73) strongly ameliorates polyglutamine-induced reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of reactive oxygen species production, and decrease in NAD+/NADH ratio. We observe that HTT-Q73-mediated abnormal mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial DNA deletion, and cell death are abolished by HTT-Q73-L7A mutation. Finally, overexpression of HTT-Q73-L7A do not cause neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in vivo. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the L7 residue which contributes to mHTT-caused HD pathology. Targeting the L7 residue of N17 domain may be a novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeyue Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xushen Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhilong Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
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6
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Lu D, Huang A, Tong X, Zhang X, Li S, Yu X. Nobiletin protects against alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and liver injury by regulating the hepatic NRF1-TFAM signaling pathway. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2395779. [PMID: 39221774 PMCID: PMC11370696 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2395779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol and its metabolites, such as acetaldehyde, induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction play a pathological role in the development of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). METHODS In this study, we investigated the potential of nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxylated flavone, to counter alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and liver injury. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that NOB administration markedly attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and tissue damage in mice. NOB reversed hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in both alcohol-fed mice and acetaldehyde-treated hepatocytes. Mechanistically, NOB restored the reduction of hepatic mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) at both mRNA and protein levels. Notably, the protective effects of NOB against acetaldehyde-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death were abolished in hepatocytes lacking Tfam. Furthermore, NOB administration reinstated the levels of hepatocellular NRF1, a key transcriptional regulator of TFAM, which were decreased by alcohol and acetaldehyde exposure. Consistent with these findings, hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Nrf1 protected against alcohol-induced hepatic Tfam reduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and liver injury. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates the involvement of the NRF1-TFAM signaling pathway in the protective mechanism of NOB against chronic-plus-binge alcohol consumption-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and liver injury, suggesting NOB supplementation as a potential therapeutic strategy for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiping Huang
- Department of Blood donation service, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Tong
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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7
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El Derbaly SA, Mohamed OA, Ghanaym NM, Azmy R, Abdelgayed AM, Abbas MA. Concurrent detection of the mitochondrial DNA copy number and the +35G/C polymorphism in the mitochondrial transcription factor A gene in endometriosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110152. [PMID: 39265693 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological inflammatory disease. The mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) are known to contribute to human pathologies and cancer. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the association of mtDNA CN and TFAM+35G/C (rs1937) polymorphism with the risk of endometriosis in Egyptian females. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study involved 160 Egyptian females divided into two groups: 80 endometriosis cases and 80 controls. The mtDNA CN was quantified using a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the TFAM +35G/C SNP (rs1937) was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay technique. RESULTS The mtDNA CN was markedly decreased in endometriosis cases compared to controls (P < 0. 001). TFAM rs1937 genotypes and allele distributions were all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The GC genotype and the 'C' allele frequency (P = 0.015 and P = 0.017, respectively) were substantially greater in endometriosis cases. CONCLUSION Decreased mtDNA CN and the GC genotype of TFAM +35G/C polymorphism were significantly associated with the risk of endometriosis in Egyptian females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A El Derbaly
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa M Ghanaym
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Rania Azmy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Alaa M Abdelgayed
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Mona A Abbas
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
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Moreira S, Martins AD, Alves MG, Pastor LM, Seco-Rovira V, Oliveira PF, Pereira MDL. Aminocarb Exposure Induces Cytotoxicity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Mouse Sustentacular Sertoli Cells: Implications for Male Infertility and Environmental Health. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:721. [PMID: 39336148 PMCID: PMC11429014 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides, poses a significant threat to male fertility by compromising crucial cells involved in spermatogenesis. Aminocarb, is a widely used carbamate insecticide, although its detrimental effects on the male reproductive system, especially on sustentacular Sertoli cells, pivotal for spermatogenesis, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of escalating concentrations of aminocarb on a mouse Sertoli cell line, TM4. Assessments included cytotoxic analysis, mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane potential, expression of apoptotic proteins, caspase-3 activity, and oxidative stress evaluation. Our findings revealed a dose-dependent reduction in the proliferation and viability of TM4 cells following exposure to increasing concentrations of aminocarb. Notably, exposure to 5 μM of aminocarb induced depolarization of mitochondria membrane potential, and a significant decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated eIF2α to total eIF2α, suggesting heightened endoplasmic reticulum stress via the activation of the eIF2α pathway. Moreover, the same aminocarb concentration was demonstrated to increase both caspase-3 protein levels and activity, indicating an apoptotic induction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that aminocarb serves as an apoptotic inducer for mouse sustentacular Sertoli cells in vitro, suggesting its potential to modulate independent pathways of the apoptotic cascade. These findings underscore the deleterious impact of aminocarb on spermatogenic performance and male fertility, highlighting the urgent need for further investigation into its mechanisms of action and mitigation strategies to safeguard male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Moreira
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO-Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana D Martins
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis Miguel Pastor
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Faculdad de Medicina, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Seco-Rovira
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Faculdad de Medicina, IMIB-Arrixaca, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO-Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Yu F, Yang L, Zhang R, Hu F, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Yang W. Low levels of supercoiled mitochondrial DNA are involved in heart failure induced by transverse aortic constriction in mice via an inflammatory response mediated by ZBP1. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114187. [PMID: 39069152 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in the myocardium plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling and the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can exist in different topological forms. However, the specific influence of the ratio of supercoiled/relaxed mtDNA on the inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the differential effects of different mtDNA types on cardiomyocyte inflammation through regulation of ZBP1. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of HF was established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or doxorubicin (Doxo) induction. Histopathological changes were assessed by HE staining. ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-6). Southern blot analysis was performed to examine the different topology of mtDNA. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between the ratio of supercoiled/relaxed mtDNA and inflammatory cytokines. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and Dloop, as an mtDNA marker. RESULTS The ratio of supercoiled to relaxed mtDNA was significantly increased in the myocardium of Doxo-induced mice, whereas no significant changes were observed in TAC-induced mice. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated with the cytoplasmic mtDNA supercoiled/relaxed circle ratio. Different mtDNA topology has different effects on inflammatory pathways. Low supercoiled mtDNA primarily activates the NF-κB (Ser536) pathway via ZBP1, whereas high supercoiled mtDNA significantly affects the STAT1 and STAT2 pathways. The RIPK3-NF-κB pathway, as a downstream target of ZBP1, mediates the inflammatory response induced by low supercoiled mtDNA. Knockdown of TLR9 enhances the expression of ZBP1, p-NF-κB, and RIPK3 in cardiomyocytes treated with low supercoiled mtDNA, indicating the involvement of TLR9 in the anti-inflammatory role of ZBP1 in low supercoiled mtDNA-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION Different ratios of supercoiled to relaxed mtDNA influence the inflammatory response of cardiomyocytes and contribute to HF through the involvement of ZBP1. ZBP1, together with its downstream inflammatory mechanisms, mediates the inflammatory response induced by a low ratio of supercoiled mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fajia Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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10
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Sulaiman GM, Jabir MS, Mohammed HA, Al-Gareeb AI, Albukhaty S, Klionsky DJ, Abomughaid MM. Defective autophagy and autophagy activators in myasthenia gravis: a rare entity and unusual scenario. Autophagy 2024; 20:1473-1482. [PMID: 38346408 PMCID: PMC11210922 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2315893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) that results from autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) at NMJs. These autoantibodies are mainly originated from autoreactive B cells that bind and destroy nAchRs at NMJs preventing nerve impulses from activating the end-plates of skeletal muscle. Indeed, immune dysregulation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MG. Autoreactive B cells are increased in MG due to the defect in the central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms. As well, autoreactive T cells are augmented in MG due to the diversion of regulatory T (Treg) cells or a defect in thymic anergy leading to T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Furthermore, macroautophagy/autophagy, which is a conserved cellular catabolic process, plays a critical role in autoimmune diseases by regulating antigen presentation, survival of immune cells and cytokine-mediated inflammation. Abnormal autophagic flux is associated with different autoimmune disorders. Autophagy regulates the connection between innate and adaptive immune responses by controlling the production of cytokines and survival of Tregs. As autophagy is involved in autoimmune disorders, it may play a major role in the pathogenesis of MG. Therefore, this mini-review demonstrates the potential role of autophagy and autophagy activators in MG.Abbreviations: Ach, acetylcholine; Breg, regulatory B; IgG, immunoglobulin G; MG, myasthenia gravis; NMJ, neuromuscular junction; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Treg, regulatory T; Ubl, ubiquitin-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Majid S. Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq
| | | | - Mosleh M. Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Eun SY, Chung CH, Cheon YH, Park GD, Lee CH, Kim JY, Lee MS. Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. extract promotes skeletal muscle cell differentiation by positively regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and AKT/mTOR signaling in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:125. [PMID: 38785149 PMCID: PMC11134308 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Promotion of myoblast differentiation by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis signaling pathways provides a potential alternative strategy to balance energy and overcome muscle loss and muscle disorders. Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. extract (SCE) has been used extensively as a traditional herbal medicine and has several physiological activities, including anti‑asthmatic, anti‑oxidant, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑atopic, anticancer and hepatoprotective properties. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of SCE on muscle differentiation have not yet been clarified. In the present study, it was investigated whether SCE affects skeletal muscle cell differentiation through the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis in murine C2C12 myoblasts. The XTT colorimetric assay was used to determine cell viability, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) levels were determined using immunocytochemistry. SCE was applied to C2C12 myotube at different concentrations (1, 5, or 10 ng/ml) and times (1,3, or 5 days). Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression change of factors related to differentiation, mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis. Treatment of C2C12 cells with SCE at 1,5, and 10 ng/ml did not affect cell viability. SCE promoted C2C12 myotube formation and significantly increased MyHC expression in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner. SCE significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of muscle differentiation‑specific markers, such as MyHC, myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin, Myogenic Factor 5, and β‑catenin, mitochondrial biosynthesis‑related factors, such as peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑gamma coactivator‑1α, nuclear respirator factor‑1, AMP‑activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and histone deacetylase 5 and AKT/mTOR signaling factors related to protein synthesis. SCE may prevent skeletal muscle dysfunction by enhancing myoblast differentiation through the promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Eun
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyuk Chung
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Do Park
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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12
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Brogi S, Tabanelli R, Puca S, Calderone V. Intermittent Fasting: Myths, Fakes and Truth on This Dietary Regimen Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1960. [PMID: 38998465 PMCID: PMC11241639 DOI: 10.3390/foods13131960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been indicated as a valuable alternative to the classical caloric restriction dietary regimen for lowering body weight and preventing obesity-related complications, such as metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. However, is it effective? In this review article, we analyzed over 50 clinical studies in which IF, conducted by alternate day fasting (ADF) or time-restricted feeding (TRF), was compared with the caloric restriction approach. We evaluated the different roles of IF in treating and preventing human disorders such as metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes, and some types of cancer, as well as the usefulness of IF in reducing body weight and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension. Furthermore, we explored the cellular pathways targeted by IF to exert their beneficial effects by activating effector proteins that modulate cell functions and resistance to oxidative stress. In contrast, we investigated concerns regarding human health related to the adoption of IF dietary regimens, highlighting the profound debate surrounding weight loss regimens. We examined and compared several clinical trials to formulate an updated concept regarding IF and its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Rita Tabanelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Sara Puca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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13
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Rakshe PS, Dutta BJ, Chib S, Maurya N, Singh S. Unveiling the interplay of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis in brain health: Promising targets against aging and NDDs. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102255. [PMID: 38490497 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) within an aging global population presents a pressing challenge. The multifaceted pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, remain complex and elusive. Among these, the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway emerges as a pivotal network implicated in neuroprotection against these destructive processes. This review sheds light on the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this axis, specifically emphasizing the promising role of flavonoids in mitigating NDD-related complications. Expanding beyond conventional pharmacological approaches, the exploration of non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and calorie restriction (CR), coupled with the investigation of natural compounds, offers a beacon of hope. By strategically elucidating the intricate connections within these pathways, this review aims to pave the ways for novel multi-target agents and interventions, fostering a renewed optimism in the quest to combat and manage the debilitating impacts of NDDs on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shankar Rakshe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Badal - Bathinda Rd, Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Niyogita Maurya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Zandaha Road, Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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14
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Ji X, Li Q, Liu Z, Wu W, Zhang C, Sui H, Chen M. Identification of Active Components for Sports Supplements: Machine Learning-Driven Classification and Cell-Based Validation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11347-11355. [PMID: 38496927 PMCID: PMC10938306 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The identification of active components is critical for the development of sports supplements. However, high-throughput screening of active components remains a challenge. This study sought to construct prediction models to screen active components from herbal medicines via machine learning and validate the screening by using cell-based assays. The six constructed models had an accuracy of >0.88. Twelve randomly selected active components from the screening were tested for their active potency on C2C12 cells, and 11 components induced a significant increase in myotube diameters and protein synthesis. The effect and mechanism of luteolin among the 11 active components as potential sports supplements were then investigated by using immunofluorescence staining and high-content imaging analysis. It showed that luteolin increased the skeletal muscle performance via the activation of PGC-1α and MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, high-throughput prediction models can be effectively used to screen active components as sports supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Ji
- State
Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di
Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Qiuyun Li
- NMPA
Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Food Safety and Health
Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Weiliang Wu
- NMPA
Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Food Safety and Health
Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhang
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Haixia Sui
- NHC
key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Min Chen
- State
Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di
Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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15
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Ivraghi MS, Zamanian MY, Gupta R, Achmad H, Alsaab HO, Hjazi A, Romero‐Parra RM, Alwaily ER, Hussien BM, Hakimizadeh E. Neuroprotective effects of gemfibrozil in neurological disorders: Focus on inflammation and molecular mechanisms. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14473. [PMID: 37904726 PMCID: PMC10916451 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemfibrozil (Gem) is a drug that has been shown to activate PPAR-α, a nuclear receptor that plays a key role in regulating lipid metabolism. Gem is used to lower the levels of triglycerides and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in patients. Experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have shown that Gem can prevent or slow the progression of neurological disorders (NDs), including cerebral ischemia (CI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Neuroinflammation is known to play a significant role in these disorders. METHOD The literature review for this study was conducted by searching Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. RESULT The results of this study show that Gem has neuroprotective effects through several cellular and molecular mechanisms such as: (1) Gem has the ability to upregulate pro-survival factors (PGC-1α and TFAM), promoting the survival and function of mitochondria in the brain, (2) Gem strongly inhibits the activation of NF-κB, AP-1, and C/EBPβ in cytokine-stimulated astroglial cells, which are known to increase the expression of iNOS and the production of NO in response to proinflammatory cytokines, (3) Gem protects dopamine neurons in the MPTP mouse model of PD by increasing the expression of PPARα, which in turn stimulates the production of GDNF in astrocytes, (4) Gem reduces amyloid plaque pathology, reduces the activity of glial cells, and improves memory, (5) Gem increases myelin genes expression (MBP and CNPase) via PPAR-β, and (6) Gem increases hippocampal BDNF to counteract depression. CONCLUSION According to the study, Gem was investigated for its potential therapeutic effect in NDs. Further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of Gem in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA UniversityMathuraIndia
| | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryHasanuddin UniversityMakassarIndonesia
| | - Hashem O. Alsaab
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl‐KharjSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Enas R. Alwaily
- Microbiology Research GroupCollege of Pharmacy, Al‐Ayen UniversityThi‐QarIraq
| | - Beneen M. Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology DepartmentCollege of Medical Technology, The Islamic UniversityNajafIraq
| | - Elham Hakimizadeh
- Physiology‐Pharmacology Research CenterResearch Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
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16
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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17
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Mok J, Park JH, Yeom SC, Park J. PROKR1-CREB-NR4A2 axis for oxidative muscle fiber specification and improvement of metabolic function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308960121. [PMID: 38232288 PMCID: PMC10823220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308960121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are characterized by an imbalance in muscle fiber composition, and a potential therapeutic approach involves increasing the proportion of oxidative muscle fibers. Prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a role in various metabolic functions, but its specific involvement in oxidative fiber specification is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the functions of PROKR1 in muscle development to address metabolic disorders and muscular diseases. A meta-analysis revealed that the activation of PROKR1 upregulated exercise-responsive genes, particularly nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2). Further investigations using ChIP-PCR, luciferase assays, and pharmacological interventions demonstrated that PROKR1 signaling enhanced NR4A2 expression by Gs-mediated phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) in both mouse and human myotubes. Genetic and pharmacological interventions showed that the PROKR1-NR4A2 axis promotes the specification of oxidative muscle fibers in both myocytes by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic function. Prokr1-deficient mice displayed unfavorable metabolic phenotypes, such as lower lean mass, enlarged muscle fibers, impaired glucose, and insulin tolerance. These mice also exhibited reduced energy expenditure and exercise performance. The deletion of Prokr1 resulted in decreased oxidative muscle fiber composition and reduced activity in the Prokr1-CREB-Nr4a2 pathway, which were restored by AAV-mediated Prokr1 rescue. In summary, our findings highlight the activation of the PROKR1-CREB-NR4A2 axis as a mechanism for increasing the oxidative muscle fiber composition, which positively impacts overall metabolic function. This study lays an important scientific foundation for the development of effective muscular-metabolic therapeutics with unique mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsoo Mok
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, 25354
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 25354
| | - Su Chong Yeom
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, 25354
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 25354
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, 25354
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, 25354
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18
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Iwata K, Ferdousi F, Arai Y, Isoda H. Modulation of mitochondrial activity by sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) top extract and its bioactive polyphenols: a comprehensive transcriptomics analysis in C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38177614 PMCID: PMC10766937 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction leads to defects in cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress defense systems, which can contribute to tissue damage and disease development. Among the key regulators responsible for mitochondrial quality control, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is an important target for mitochondrial dysfunction. We have previously reported that bioactive polyphenols extracted from sugarcane top (ST) ethanol extract (STEE) could activate neuronal energy metabolism and increase astrocyte PGC-1α transcript levels. However, their potential impact on the mitochondria activity in muscle and liver cells has not yet been investigated. To address this gap, our current study examined the effects of STEE and its polyphenols on cultured myotubes and hepatocytes in vitro. Rhodamine 123 assay revealed that the treatment with STEE and its polyphenols resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination of gene expression patterns through transcriptome-wide microarray analysis indicated that STEE altered gene expressions related to mitochondrial functions, fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and cAMP signaling in both C2C12 myotubes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Additionally, protein-protein interaction analysis identified the PGC-1α interactive-transcription factors-targeted regulatory network of the genes regulated by STEE, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that STEE and its polyphenols upregulated the transcript levels of PGC-1α in both C2C12 and HepG2 cells. These findings collectively suggest the potential beneficial effects of STEE on muscle and liver tissues and offer novel insights into the potential nutraceutical applications of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Iwata
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Nippo Co., Ltd., Daito, Osaka, 574-0062, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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19
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Loppi SH, Tavera-Garcia MA, Scholpa NE, Maiyo BK, Becktel DA, Morrison HW, Schnellmann RG, Doyle KP. Boosting Mitochondrial Biogenesis Diminishes Foam Cell Formation in the Post-Stroke Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16632. [PMID: 38068955 PMCID: PMC10706318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following ischemic stroke, the degradation of myelin and other cellular membranes surpasses the lipid-processing capabilities of resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. This imbalance leads to foam cell formation in the infarct and areas of secondary neurodegeneration, instigating sustained inflammation and furthering neurological damage. Given that mitochondria are the primary sites of fatty acid metabolism, augmenting mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) may enhance lipid processing, curtailing foam cell formation and post-stroke chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the pharmacological activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) stimulates MB. Consequently, our study sought to discern the effects of intensified β2-AR signaling on MB, the processing of brain lipid debris, and neurological outcome using a mouse stroke model. To achieve this goal, aged mice were treated with formoterol, a long-acting β2-AR agonist, daily for two and eight weeks following stroke. Formoterol increased MB in the infarct region, modified fatty acid metabolism, and reduced foam cell formation. However, it did not reduce markers of post-stroke neurodegeneration or improve recovery. Although our findings indicate that enhancing MB in myeloid cells can aid in the processing of brain lipid debris after stroke, it is important to note that boosting MB alone may not be sufficient to significantly impact stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna H. Loppi
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Marco A. Tavera-Garcia
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Natalie E. Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (N.E.S.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Boaz K. Maiyo
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Danielle A. Becktel
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | | | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (N.E.S.); (R.G.S.)
- BIO5 Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- R. Ken Coit Center for Longevity and Neurotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kristian P. Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
- BIO5 Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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20
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Ivanovski N, Wang H, Tran H, Ivanovska J, Pan J, Miraglia E, Leung S, Posiewko M, Li D, Mohammadi A, Higazy R, Nagy A, Kim P, Santyr G, Belik J, Palaniyar N, Gauda EB. L-citrulline attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory lung injury in neonatal rats. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1684-1695. [PMID: 37349511 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal or postnatal lung inflammation and oxidative stress disrupt alveolo-vascular development leading to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with and without pulmonary hypertension. L-citrulline (L-CIT), a nonessential amino acid, alleviates inflammatory and hyperoxic lung injury in preclinical models of BPD. L-CIT modulates signaling pathways mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial biogenesis-processes operative in the development of BPD. We hypothesize that L-CIT will attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in our rat model of neonatal lung injury. METHODS Newborn rats during the saccular stage of lung development were used to investigate the effect of L-CIT on LPS-induced lung histopathology and pathways involved in inflammatory, antioxidative processes, and mitochondrial biogenesis in lungs in vivo, and in primary culture of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, in vitro. RESULTS L-CIT protected the newborn rat lung from LPS-induced: lung histopathology, ROS production, NFκB nuclear translocation, and upregulation of gene and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, MCP-1α, and TNF-α). L-CIT maintained mitochondrial morphology, increased protein levels of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM (transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis), and induced SIRT1, SIRT3, and superoxide dismutases protein expression. CONCLUSION L-CIT may be efficacious in decreasing early lung inflammation and oxidative stress mitigating progression to BPD. IMPACT The nonessential amino acid L-citrulline (L-CIT) mitigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in the early stage of lung development in the newborn rat. This is the first study describing the effect of L-CIT on the signaling pathways operative in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a preclinical inflammatory model of newborn lung injury. If our findings translate to premature infants, L-CIT could decrease inflammation, oxidative stress and preserve mitochondrial health in the lung of premature infants at risk for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ivanovski
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harvard Tran
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julijana Ivanovska
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jingyi Pan
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Miraglia
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Leung
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melanie Posiewko
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Li
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Atefeh Mohammadi
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randa Higazy
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Kim
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giles Santyr
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jaques Belik
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Estelle B Gauda
- Translational Medicine and Cell Biology Programs, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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21
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Yin L, Qi S, Zhu Z. Advances in mitochondria-centered mechanism behind the roles of androgens and androgen receptor in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1267170. [PMID: 37900128 PMCID: PMC10613047 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported that androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play important roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and the development of obesity-related diseases have been found in either hypogonadal men or male rodents with androgen deficiency. Exogenous androgens supplementation can effectively improve these disorders, but the mechanism by which androgens regulate glucose and lipid metabolism has not been fully elucidated. Mitochondria, as powerhouses within cells, are key organelles influencing glucose and lipid metabolism. Evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies has reported that the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by androgens/AR is strongly associated with the impact on the content and function of mitochondria, but few studies have systematically reported the regulatory effect and the molecular mechanism. In this paper, we review the effect of androgens/AR on mitochondrial content, morphology, quality control system, and function, with emphases on molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the sex-dimorphic effect of androgens on mitochondria. This paper provides a theoretical basis for shedding light on the influence and mechanism of androgens on glucose and lipid metabolism and highlights the mitochondria-based explanation for the sex-dimorphic effect of androgens on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Qi
- School of Sport Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Liu L, Li Y, Chen G, Chen Q. Crosstalk between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:86. [PMID: 37821940 PMCID: PMC10568841 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial mass and quality are tightly regulated by two essential and opposing mechanisms, mitochondrial biogenesis (mitobiogenesis) and mitophagy, in response to cellular energy needs and other cellular and environmental cues. Great strides have been made to uncover key regulators of these complex processes. Emerging evidence has shown that there exists a tight coordination between mitophagy and mitobiogenesis, and their defects may cause many human diseases. In this review, we will first summarize the recent advances made in the discovery of molecular regulations of mitobiogenesis and mitophagy and then focus on the mechanism and signaling pathways involved in the simultaneous regulation of mitobiogenesis and mitophagy in the response of tissue or cultured cells to energy needs, stress, or pathophysiological conditions. Further studies of the crosstalk of these two opposing processes at the molecular level will provide a better understanding of how the cell maintains optimal cellular fitness and function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which holds promise for fighting aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center of Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Center of Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Center of Cell Response, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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23
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Zhang M, Feng N, Peng Z, Thapa D, Stoner MW, Manning JR, McTiernan CF, Yang X, Jurczak MJ, Guimaraes D, Rao K, Shiva S, Kaufman BA, Sack MN, Scott I. Reduced acetylation of TFAM promotes bioenergetic dysfunction in the failing heart. iScience 2023; 26:106942. [PMID: 37305705 PMCID: PMC10250906 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
General control of amino acid synthesis 5-like 1 (GCN5L1) was previously identified as a key regulator of protein lysine acetylation in mitochondria. Subsequent studies demonstrated that GCN5L1 regulates the acetylation status and activity of mitochondrial fuel substrate metabolism enzymes. However, the role of GCN5L1 in response to chronic hemodynamic stress is largely unknown. Here, we show that cardiomyocyte-specific GCN5L1 knockout mice (cGCN5L1 KO) display exacerbated heart failure progression following transaortic constriction (TAC). Mitochondrial DNA and protein levels were decreased in cGCN5L1 KO hearts after TAC, and isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes with reduced GCN5L1 expression had lower bioenergetic output in response to hypertrophic stress. Loss of GCN5L1 expression led to a decrease in the acetylation status of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) after TAC in vivo, which was linked to a reduction in mtDNA levels in vitro. Together, these data suggest that GCN5L1 may protect from hemodynamic stress by maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetic output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Zhang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Ning Feng
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Pittsburgh Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Zishan Peng
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dharendra Thapa
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Michael W. Stoner
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Janet R. Manning
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Charles F. McTiernan
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xue Yang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michael J. Jurczak
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Danielle Guimaraes
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Krithika Rao
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Michael N. Sack
- Intramural Research Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iain Scott
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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24
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Abu Shelbayeh O, Arroum T, Morris S, Busch KB. PGC-1α Is a Master Regulator of Mitochondrial Lifecycle and ROS Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051075. [PMID: 37237941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a major role in ROS production and defense during their life cycle. The transcriptional activator PGC-1α is a key player in the homeostasis of energy metabolism and is therefore closely linked to mitochondrial function. PGC-1α responds to environmental and intracellular conditions and is regulated by SIRT1/3, TFAM, and AMPK, which are also important regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In this review, we highlight the functions and regulatory mechanisms of PGC-1α within this framework, with a focus on its involvement in the mitochondrial lifecycle and ROS metabolism. As an example, we show the role of PGC-1α in ROS scavenging under inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, PGC-1α and the stress response factor NF-κB, which regulates the immune response, are reciprocally regulated. During inflammation, NF-κB reduces PGC-1α expression and activity. Low PGC-1α activity leads to the downregulation of antioxidant target genes resulting in oxidative stress. Additionally, low PGC-1α levels and concomitant oxidative stress promote NF-κB activity, which exacerbates the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Abu Shelbayeh
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Silke Morris
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
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25
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Dasgupta D, Mahadev Bhat S, Price AL, Delmotte P, Sieck GC. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying TNFα-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Airway Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5788. [PMID: 36982859 PMCID: PMC10055892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα mediate airway inflammation. Previously, we showed that TNFα increases mitochondrial biogenesis in human ASM (hASM) cells, which is associated with increased PGC1α expression. We hypothesized that TNFα induces CREB and ATF1 phosphorylation (pCREBS133 and pATF1S63), which transcriptionally co-activate PGC1α expression. Primary hASM cells were dissociated from bronchiolar tissue obtained from patients undergoing lung resection, cultured (one-three passages), and then differentiated by serum deprivation (48 h). hASM cells from the same patient were divided into two groups: TNFα (20 ng/mL) treated for 6 h and untreated controls. Mitochondria were labeled using MitoTracker green and imaged using 3D confocal microscopy to determine mitochondrial volume density. Mitochondrial biogenesis was assessed based on relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Gene and/or protein expression of pCREBS133, pATF1S63, PCG1α, and downstream signaling molecules (NRFs, TFAM) that regulate transcription and replication of the mitochondrial genome, were determined by qPCR and/or Western blot. TNFα increased mitochondrial volume density and mitochondrial biogenesis in hASM cells, which was associated with an increase in pCREBS133, pATF1S63 and PCG1α expression, with downstream transcriptional activation of NRF1, NRF2, and TFAM. We conclude that TNFα increases mitochondrial volume density in hASM cells via a pCREBS133/pATF1S63/PCG1α-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary C. Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Torres AK, Jara C, Llanquinao J, Lira M, Cortés-Díaz D, Tapia-Rojas C. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, Redox Balance, and Calcium Homeostasis Dysfunction with Defective Ultrastructure and Quality Control in the Hippocampus of Aged Female C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065476. [PMID: 36982549 PMCID: PMC10056753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiological process that generates progressive decline in many cellular functions. There are many theories of aging, and one of great importance in recent years is the mitochondrial theory of aging, in which mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs at advanced age could be responsible for the aged phenotype. In this context, there is diverse information about mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, in different models and different organs. Specifically, in the brain, different studies have shown mitochondrial dysfunction mainly in the cortex; however, until now, no study has shown all the defects in hippocampal mitochondria in aged female C57BL/6J mice. We performed a complete analysis of mitochondrial function in 3-month-old and 20-month-old (mo) female C57BL/6J mice, specifically in the hippocampus of these animals. We observed an impairment in bioenergetic function, indicated by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, O2 consumption, and mitochondrial ATP production. Additionally, there was an increase in ROS production in the aged hippocampus, leading to the activation of antioxidant signaling, specifically the Nrf2 pathway. It was also observed that aged animals had deregulation of calcium homeostasis, with more sensitive mitochondria to calcium overload and deregulation of proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics and quality control processes. Finally, we observed a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis with a decrease in mitochondrial mass and deregulation of mitophagy. These results show that during the aging process, damaged mitochondria accumulate, which could contribute to or be responsible for the aging phenotype and age-related disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie K. Torres
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - Jesús Llanquinao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - Matías Lira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510156, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Avda. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
| | - Daniela Cortés-Díaz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510156, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510156, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Avda. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7780272, Chile
- Correspondence:
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27
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STOML2 restricts mitophagy and increases chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer through stabilizing PARL-induced PINK1 degradation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:191. [PMID: 36906621 PMCID: PMC10008575 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases with a relatively low 5-year survival rate, and gemcitabine-based chemoresistance occurs constantly. Mitochondria, as the power factory in cancer cells, are involved in the process of chemoresistance. The dynamic balance of mitochondria is under the control of mitophagy. Stomatin-like protein 2 (STOML2) is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is highly expressed in cancer cells. In this study, using a tissue microarray (TMA), we found that high STOML2 expression was correlated with higher survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Meanwhile, the proliferation and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells could be retarded by STOML2. In addition, we found that STOML2 was positively related to mitochondrial mass and negatively related to mitophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. STOML2 stabilized PARL and further prevented gemcitabine-induced PINK1-dependent mitophagy. We also generated subcutaneous xenografts to verify the enhancement of gemcitabine therapy induced by STOML2. These findings suggested that STOML2 regulated the mitophagy process through the PARL/PINK1 pathway, thereby reducing the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. STOML2-overexpression targeted therapy might be helpful for gemcitabine sensitization in the future.
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Shaito A, Al-Mansoob M, Ahmad SM, Haider MZ, Eid AH, Posadino AM, Pintus G, Giordo R. Resveratrol-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondria Biogenesis-associated Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Insights and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1184-1201. [PMID: 36237161 PMCID: PMC10286596 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221012122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders include different neurological conditions that affect nerve cells, causing the progressive loss of their functions and ultimately leading to loss of mobility, coordination, and mental functioning. The molecular mechanisms underpinning neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis are still unclear. Nonetheless, there is experimental evidence to demonstrate that the perturbation of mitochondrial function and dynamics play an essential role. In this context, mitochondrial biogenesis, the growth, and division of preexisting mitochondria, by controlling mitochondria number, plays a vital role in maintaining proper mitochondrial mass and function, thus ensuring efficient synaptic activity and brain function. Mitochondrial biogenesis is tightly associated with the control of cell division and variations in energy demand in response to extracellular stimuli; therefore, it may represent a promising therapeutic target for developing new curative approaches to prevent or counteract neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, several inducers of mitochondrial biogenesis have been proposed as pharmacological targets for treating diverse central nervous system conditions. The naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol has been shown to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in various tissues, including the nervous tissue, and an ever-growing number of studies highlight its neurotherapeutic potential. Besides preventing cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, resveratrol has been shown to be able to enhance mitochondria biogenesis by acting on its main effectors, including PGC-1α, SIRT1, AMPK, ERRs, TERT, TFAM, NRF-1 and NRF-2. This review aims to present and discuss the current findings concerning the impact of resveratrol on the machinery and main effectors modulating mitochondrial biogenesis in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shaito
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Maryam Al-Mansoob
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Salma M.S. Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, 505055, United Arab Emirates
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Ahmad I, Newell-Fugate AE. Androgen and androgen receptor control of mitochondrial function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C835-C846. [PMID: 35704694 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00205.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of androgens have been extensively studied in a variety of organs and cell types with increasing focus on the sexually dimorphic role androgens play not only with respect to cellular functions but also in metabolism. Although the classical mechanism of androgen action is via ligand-dependent binding with the nuclear transcription factor, androgen receptor (AR), cytosolic AR can also activate second messenger signaling pathways. Given that cytosolic AR can signal in this manner, there has been increased interest in the mechanisms by which androgens may control cellular organelle function. This review highlights the effects that androgens have on mitochondrial structure and function with emphasis on biogenesis, fusion/fission, mitophagy, bioenergetics (oxidative phosphorylation), and reactive oxygen species production. There are a number of publications on the effects of androgens in these general areas of mitochondrial function. However, the precise mechanisms by which androgens cause these effects are not known. Additionally, given that the nucleus and mitochondria work in tandem to control mitochondrial function and the mitochondria has its own DNA, future research efforts should focus on the direct, mechanistic effects of androgens on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Annie E Newell-Fugate
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Lim WC, Shin EJ, Lim TG, Choi JW, Song NE, Hong HD, Cho CW, Rhee YK. Ginsenoside Rf Enhances Exercise Endurance by Stimulating Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes and ICR Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121709. [PMID: 35741909 PMCID: PMC9222511 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rf (G-Rf) is a saponin of the protopanaxatriol family and a bioactive component of Korean ginseng. Several ginsenosides are known to have a positive effect on exercise endurance, but there is not yet a report on that of G-Rf. Forced swimming tests were performed on G-Rf-treated mice to evaluate the effect of G-Rf on exercise endurance. Subsequently, the expression of markers related to myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in murine skeletal C2C12 myotubes and tibialis anterior muscle tissue was determined using Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining to elucidate the mechanism of action of G-Rf. The swimming duration of the experimental animal was increased by oral gavage administration of G-Rf. Moreover, G-Rf significantly upregulated the myoblast differentiation markers, mitochondrial biogenesis markers, and its upstream regulators. In particular, the mitochondrial biogenesis marker increased by G-Rf was decreased by each inhibitor of the upstream regulators. G-Rf enhances exercise endurance in mice, which may be mediated by myoblast differentiation and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis through AMPK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that it increases energy production to satisfy additional needs of exercising muscle cells. Therefore, G-Rf is an active ingredient in Korean ginseng responsible for improving exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chul Lim
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Nho-Eul Song
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-W.C.); (Y.K.R.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9312 (C.-W.C.); +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.)
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea; (W.-C.L.); (E.J.S.); (J.W.C.); (N.-E.S.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-W.C.); (Y.K.R.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9312 (C.-W.C.); +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.)
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Zang X, Chen S, Zhu J, Ma J, Zhai Y. The Emerging Role of Central and Peripheral Immune Systems in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:872134. [PMID: 35547626 PMCID: PMC9082639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.872134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides an immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral immune cells and humoral immune factors. This view has been revised in recent years, with increasing evidence revealing that the peripheral immune system plays a critical role in regulating CNS homeostasis and disease. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and the loss of neurons in the CNS. An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of the connection between the peripheral immune system and the CNS in neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, peripherally released cytokines can cross the BBB, cause direct neurotoxicity and contribute to the activation of microglia and astrocytes. On the other hand, peripheral immune cells can also infiltrate the brain and participate in the progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases have a high morbidity and disability rate, yet there are no effective therapies to stop or reverse their progression. In recent years, neuroinflammation has received much attention as a therapeutic target for many neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of the peripheral and central immune systems in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their interactions. A better understanding of the emerging role of the immune systems may improve therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - JunYao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Tao LC, Wang TT, Zheng L, Hua F, Li JJ. The Role of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:399-408. [PMID: 35410981 PMCID: PMC9424338 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is described as abnormalities of myocardial structure and function in diabetic patients without other well-established cardiovascular factors. Although multiple pathological mechanisms involving in this unique myocardial disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction may play an important role in its development of DCM. Recently, considerable progresses have suggested that mitochondrial biogenesis is a tightly controlled process initiating mitochondrial generation and maintaining mitochondrial function, appears to be associated with DCM. Nonetheless, an outlook on the mechanisms and clinical relevance of dysfunction in mitochondrial biogenesis among patients with DCM is not completely understood. In this review, hence, we will summarize the role of mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in the development of DCM, especially the molecular underlying mechanism concerning the signaling pathways beyond the stimulation and inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, the evaluations and potential therapeutic strategies regarding mitochondrial biogenesis dysfunction in DCM is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chan Tao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Fei Hua
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Damiano FP, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040675. [PMID: 35203322 PMCID: PMC8870554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo- and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559; Fax: +39-06-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco P. Damiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Xu H, Liu YY, Li LS, Liu YS. Sirtuins at the Crossroads between Mitochondrial Quality Control and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Structure, Regulation, Modifications, and Modulators. Aging Dis 2022; 14:794-824. [PMID: 37191431 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes, are key regulators of life span and metabolism. In addition to acting as deacetylates, some sirtuins have the properties of deacylase, decrotonylase, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, deglutarylase, and demyristolyase. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early on and acts causally in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Sirtuins are implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control, which is highly associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. There is growing evidence indicating that sirtuins are promising and well-documented molecular targets for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders by regulating mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics, and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses (mtUPR). Therefore, elucidation of the molecular etiology of sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial quality control points to new prospects for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial quality control remain obscure. In this review, we update and summarize the current understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of sirtuins with an emphasis on the cumulative and putative effects of sirtuins on mitochondrial biology and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly their roles in mitochondrial quality control. In addition, we outline the potential therapeutic applications for neurodegenerative diseases of targeting sirtuin-mediated mitochondrial quality control through exercise training, calorie restriction, and sirtuin modulators in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sawant N, Morton H, Kshirsagar S, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Mitochondrial Abnormalities and Synaptic Damage in Huntington's Disease: a Focus on Defective Mitophagy and Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6350-6377. [PMID: 34519969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal and pure genetic disease with a progressive loss of medium spiny neurons (MSN). HD is caused by expanded polyglutamine repeats in the exon 1 of HD gene. Clinically, HD is characterized by chorea, seizures, involuntary movements, dystonia, cognitive decline, intellectual impairment, and emotional disturbances. Several years of intense research revealed that multiple cellular changes, including defective axonal transport, protein-protein interactions, defective bioenergetics, calcium dyshomeostasis, NMDAR activation, synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, and selective loss of medium spiny neurons are implicated in HD. Recent research on mutant huntingtin (mHtt) and mitochondria has found that mHtt interacts with the mitochondrial division protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), enhances GTPase DRP1 enzymatic activity, and causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and abnormal distribution, leading to defective axonal transport of mitochondria and selective synaptic degeneration. Recent research also revealed that failure to remove dead and/or dying mitochondria is an early event in the disease progression. Currently, efforts are being made to reduce abnormal protein interactions and enhance synaptic mitophagy as therapeutic strategies for HD. The purpose of this article is to discuss recent research in HD progression. This article also discusses recent developments of cell and mouse models, cellular changes, mitochondrial abnormalities, DNA damage, bioenergetics, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and therapeutics strategies in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sawant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hallie Morton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Neurology, Department of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Public Health and School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Neuroscience & Pharmacology3601 4th Street, NeurologyLubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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36
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Golubickaite I, Ugenskiene R, Cepaite J, Ziliene E, Inciura A, Poskiene L, Juozaityte E. Mitochondria-related TFAM gene variants and their effects on patients with cervical cancer. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:106. [PMID: 34765190 PMCID: PMC8576402 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. There are human papillomavirus vaccines and cytological screening programs available; however, there are no molecular markers that would aid the prognosis of the course of the disease or prediction of the outcomes of the patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) gene (rs11006132, rs11006129, rs1937, rs16912174, rs16912202 and rs3900887), and the clinical parameters and tumor phenotype of patients with cervical cancer. DNA isolated from patients with cervical cancer (n=172) was used for genotyping using Real-Time PCR using TaqMan probes. It was revealed that the TFAM rs3900887 TT and AT genotypes were associated with a lower risk of developing larger tumors. The results showed an association between the rs3900887 SNP and tumor phenotype, indicating TFAM rs3900887 as a potential biomarker for tumor size in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Golubickaite
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juste Cepaite
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Ziliene
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arturas Inciura
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elona Juozaityte
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Ding Q, Qi Y, Tsang SY. Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Mitophagy in the Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092463. [PMID: 34572112 PMCID: PMC8466139 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can undergo unlimited self-renewal and can differentiate into all the cell types present in our body, including cardiomyocytes. Therefore, PSCs can be an excellent source of cardiomyocytes for future regenerative medicine and medical research studies. However, cardiomyocytes obtained from PSC differentiation culture are regarded as immature structurally, electrophysiologically, metabolically, and functionally. Mitochondria are organelles responsible for various cellular functions such as energy metabolism, different catabolic and anabolic processes, calcium fluxes, and various signaling pathways. Cells can respond to cellular needs to increase the mitochondrial mass by mitochondrial biogenesis. On the other hand, cells can also degrade mitochondria through mitophagy. Mitochondria are also dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fusion and fission events. In this review, we aim to summarize previous findings on the changes of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics during the maturation of cardiomyocytes. In addition, we intend to summarize whether changes in these processes would affect the maturation of cardiomyocytes. Lastly, we aim to discuss unanswered questions in the field and to provide insights for the possible strategies of enhancing the maturation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ding
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yanxiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Suk-Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-39431020
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38
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Chung TH, Kim JH, Seol SY, Kim YJ, Lee YJ. The Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Biological Aging and Antioxidant Capacity in Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093090. [PMID: 34578969 PMCID: PMC8469655 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are vulnerable to aging and oxidative stress due to reduced estrogen. Previous studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (KRG) has beneficial effects on aging and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of KRG on biological aging and antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal women. This study conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The participants were randomly administered KRG or a placebo, and the following metrics were measured: mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number as an indicator of biological aging and, total antioxidant status (TAS) as a marker of antioxidant capacity. Clinical symptoms of fatigue, as measured by the fatigue severity scale, were assessed before and after KRG administration. There were 63 participants, of whom 33 received KRG and 30 received a placebo. The mtDNA copy number (KRG group: 1.58 ± 2.05, placebo group: 0.28 ± 2.36, p = 0.023) and TAS (KRG group: 0.11 ± 0.25 mmol/L, placebo group: −0.04 ± 0.16 mmol/L, p = 0.011) increased and the fatigue severity scale (KRG group: −7 ± 12, placebo group: −1 ± 11, p = 0.033) decreased significantly more in the KRG group than the placebo group. KRG significantly increased the mtDNA copy number, total antioxidant status, and improved symptoms of fatigue in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ha Chung
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Health Promotion, Severance Check-Up, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - So-Young Seol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Yon-Ji Kim
- Department of Health Promotion, Severance Check-Up, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-2630
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MicroRNA-128 inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis and function via targeting PGC1α and NDUFS4. Mitochondrion 2021; 60:160-169. [PMID: 34384932 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The size and morphology of mitochondria are very heterogeneous and correlates well with their healthy functioning. In many pathological conditions, mitochondrial morphology is altered due to impaired mitochondrial dynamics (a collective term for mitochondrial fusion and fission) and dysfunction. The current study aimed at identifying the role of microRNA-128 (miR-128) in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Previously, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) has been shown to co-activate key intermediates of mitochondrial biogenesis, function, and dynamics; however, the upstream regulatory network remains largely unknown. We, herein using in silico analysis followed by in vitro experiments in C2C12 myoblasts, showed that miR-128 reduces mitochondrial biogenesis by directly targeting PGC1α. The expression of downstream genes, nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1 and NRF2, respectively), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were decreased in C2C12 myoblasts upon overexpression of miR-128. Also, miR-128 is shown to promote mitochondrial dysfunction by directly targeting NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) Fe-S Protein 4 (NDUFS4). The mitochondrial dynamics and morphology were impaired post miR-128 overexpression, as revealed by downregulation of fusion proteins (mitofusin1 and 2, i.e., MFN1 and MFN2, respectively) and upregulation of fission protein (dynamin-related protein 1, i.e., DRP1). Conversely, inhibition of miR-128 expression improved mitochondrial biogenesis, function, and dynamics, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial mass and ATP production after antimiR-128 treatment. Our findings reveal that inhibition of miR-128 can be a new potential target for reversing the effects of metabolic disorders of skeletal muscle as observed during many pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and type II diabetes.
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Ke L, Li Q, Song J, Jiao W, Ji A, Chen T, Pan H, Song Y. The mitochondrial biogenesis signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for myasthenia gravis via energy metabolism (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:702. [PMID: 34007311 PMCID: PMC8120506 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibody-mediated autoimmune disease that is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. Traditional treatments for MG target the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) or the immune system. However, the efficacy of such treatments is limited, and novel therapeutic options for MG are urgently required. In the current review, a new therapeutic strategy is proposed based on the mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism pathway, as stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and the energy metabolism might alleviate myasthenia gravis. A number of cellular sensors of the energy metabolism were investigated, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). AMPK and SIRT1 are sensors that regulate cellular energy homeostasis and maintain energy metabolism by balancing anabolism and catabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and its downstream transcription factors nuclear respiratory factors 1, nuclear respiratory factors 2, and transcription factor A are key sensors of mitochondrial biogenesis, which can restore mitochondrial DNA and produce new mitochondria. These processes help to control muscle contraction and relieve the symptoms of MG, including muscle weakness caused by dysfunctional NMJ transmission. Therefore, the present review provides evidence for the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial biogenesis for the treatment of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ke
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China.,Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China.,Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China.,Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China.,Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Ji
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China.,Institute of Pi-Wei, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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Feng C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Yang M, Gui H, Wang M. PTEN Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis via the AKT/GSK-3β/PGC-1α Pathway in Autism. Neuroscience 2021; 465:85-94. [PMID: 33895342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a widespread, complex and serious neurodevelopmental disorder. Complex genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to the development of ASD. Genome-wide association analysis has identified multiple autism-related genes. Mutation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) is closely related to autism and accounts for 5-17% of cases of autism. However, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction was tightly associated with ASD pathogenesis, such as developmental degeneration, learning and various behavioral disorders. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in children with autism is also significantly increased. The correlation between Pten and mitochondrial dysfunction in autism is still unknown. In this study, we examined how Pten regulates mitochondrial biogenesis through the AKT/GSK-3β/PGC-1α signaling pathways. We found that PTEN could dephosphorylate AKT to inhibit its activity, leading to decreased GSK3β phosphorylation. This decrease in GSK3β phosphorylation, which could activate itself, increased PGC-1α phosphorylation to promote its degradation and then regulated mitochondrial biogenesis by NRF-1 and TFAM downstream of PGC-1α. In the Valproic acid (VPA) induced autism mouse model, the PTEN protein level was significantly decreased while PGC-1α and COX IV levels were increased in the hippocampus and cortex. Our data suggest that there is a correlation between PTEN and mitochondrial dysfunction and this correlation may be a potential mechanism of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China; Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yinghui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Huan Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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Maseroli E, Comeglio P, Corno C, Cellai I, Filippi S, Mello T, Galli A, Rapizzi E, Presenti L, Truglia MC, Lotti F, Facchiano E, Beltrame B, Lucchese M, Saad F, Rastrelli G, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Testosterone treatment is associated with reduced adipose tissue dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese hypogonadal men. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:819-842. [PMID: 32772323 PMCID: PMC7946690 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In both preclinical and clinical settings, testosterone treatment (TTh) of hypogonadism has shown beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and visceral and liver fat accumulation. This prospective, observational study was aimed at assessing the change in markers of fat and liver functioning in obese men scheduled for bariatric surgery. METHODS Hypogonadal patients with consistent symptoms (n = 15) undergoing 27.63 ± 3.64 weeks of TTh were compared to untreated eugonadal (n = 17) or asymptomatic hypogonadal (n = 46) men. A cross-sectional analysis among the different groups was also performed, especially for data derived from liver and fat biopsies. Preadipocytes isolated from adipose tissue biopsies were used to evaluate insulin sensitivity, adipogenic potential and mitochondrial function. NAFLD was evaluated by triglyceride assay and by calculating NAFLD activity score in liver biopsies. RESULTS In TTh-hypogonadal men, histopathological NAFLD activity and steatosis scores, as well as liver triglyceride content were lower than in untreated-hypogonadal men and comparable to eugonadal ones. TTh was also associated with a favorable hepatic expression of lipid handling-related genes. In visceral adipose tissue and preadipocytes, TTh was associated with an increased expression of lipid catabolism and mitochondrial bio-functionality markers. Preadipocytes from TTh men also exhibited a healthier morpho-functional phenotype of mitochondria and higher insulin-sensitivity compared to untreated-hypogonadal ones. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that TTh in severely obese, hypogonadal individuals induces metabolically healthier preadipocytes, improving insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial functioning and lipid handling. A potentially protective role for testosterone on the progression of NAFLD, improving hepatic steatosis and reducing intrahepatic triglyceride content, was also envisaged. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02248467, September 25th 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maseroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - P Comeglio
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - C Corno
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - I Cellai
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Filippi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory of Functional and Cellular Pharmacology of Reproduction, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - T Mello
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - A Galli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - E Rapizzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - L Presenti
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - M C Truglia
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - F Lotti
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - E Facchiano
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - B Beltrame
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - M Lucchese
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, , Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - F Saad
- Medical Affairs, Bayer AG, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee 1, 51373, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - G Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy
| | - L Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50134, Florence, Italy.
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture E Biosistemi), Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136, Rome, Italy.
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Golubickaite I, Ugenskiene R, Korobeinikova E, Gudaitiene J, Vaitiekus D, Poskiene L, Juozaityte E. The impact of mitochondria-related POLG and TFAM variants on breast cancer pathomorphological characteristics and patient outcomes. Biomarkers 2021; 26:343-353. [PMID: 33715547 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1900397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most frequent female cancer, leading to relapse with distant metastasis of approximately one-third of patients. Cancer is usually considered a genetic disease involving mutations in nuclear DNA. However, genes, coding for mitochondrial proteins or regulatory molecules, are rarely under consideration. This study aimed to analyse 10 single nucleotide variants in POLG and TFAM genes and assess their association with tumour phenotype and disease outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 234 breast cancer patients were included in this study. Variations were determined with Real-Time PCR using TaqMan® probes. RESULTS We found that patients with POLG rs2307441 TT and CT genotypes had a lower probability for vascular invasion than those with CC genotype (p = 0.001). Patients with POLG rs2072267 AG genotype were predisposed for progression compared with GG genotype (p = 0.015). TFAM rs3900887 TT genotype was associated with a higher probability for positive oestrogen receptors (p = 0.003) and lymphatic invasion (p = 0.001) in comparison to AA genotype, patients with TT (p = 0.000) were more likely to have positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that variations in POLG and TFAM genes are important determinacies of tumour phenotype and disease outcome in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Golubickaite
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Ugenskiene
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Erika Korobeinikova
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Gudaitiene
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Domas Vaitiekus
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Poskiene
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Pathology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Elona Juozaityte
- Institute of Oncology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Jamwal S, Blackburn JK, Elsworth JD. PPARγ/PGC1α signaling as a potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107705. [PMID: 33039420 PMCID: PMC7887032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the most devastating neurological disorders, characterized by progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. Current therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is limited to symptomatic treatment rather than disease modifying interventions, emphasizing the desperate need for improved approaches. Abundant evidence indicates that impaired mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases and so biochemical factors in mitochondria are considered promising targets for pharmacological-based therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPARγ) are ligand-inducible transcription factors involved in regulating various genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC1α). This review summarizes the evidence supporting the ability of PPARγ-PGC1α to coordinately up-regulate the expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons and provide directions for future work to explore the potential benefit of targeting mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. We have highlighted key roles of NRF2, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and paraoxonase-2 (PON2) signaling in mediating PGC1α-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the status of PPARγ modulators being used in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) has been compiled. The overall purpose of this review is to update and critique our understanding of the role of PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 in the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis together with suggestions for strategies to target PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 signaling in order to combat mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jennifer K Blackburn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John D Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Wilkaniec A, Lenkiewicz AM, Babiec L, Murawska E, Jęśko HM, Cieślik M, Culmsee C, Adamczyk A. Exogenous Alpha-Synuclein Evoked Parkin Downregulation Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuronal Cells. Implications for Parkinson's Disease Pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:591475. [PMID: 33716707 PMCID: PMC7943853 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.591475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant secretion and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) as well as the loss of parkin function are associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our previous study suggested a functional interaction between those two proteins, showing that the extracellular α-Syn evoked post-translational modifications of parkin, leading to its autoubiquitination and degradation. While parkin plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover, including mitochondrial fission/fusion as well as mitophagy, the involvement of parkin deregulation in α-Syn-induced mitochondrial damage is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that treatment with exogenous α-Syn triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, reflected by the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, elevated synthesis of the mitochondrial superoxide anion, and a decrease in cellular ATP level. At the same time, we observed a protective effect of parkin overexpression on α-Syn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. α-Syn-dependent disturbances of mitophagy were also shown to be directly related to reduced parkin levels in mitochondria and decreased ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins. Also, α-Syn impaired mitochondrial biosynthesis due to the parkin-dependent reduction of PGC-1α protein levels. Finally, loss of parkin function as a result of α-Syn treatment induced an overall breakdown of mitochondrial homeostasis that led to the accumulation of abnormal mitochondria. These findings may thus provide the first compelling evidence for the direct association of α-Syn-mediated parkin depletion to impaired mitochondrial function in PD. We suggest that improvement of parkin function may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent mitochondrial impairment and neurodegeneration in PD (thereby slowing the progression of the disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre (PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Lenkiewicz
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre (PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Babiec
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre (PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Murawska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre (PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk M Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre (PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre (PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Agata Adamczyk
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre (PAN), Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Neonatal Rotenone Administration Induces Psychiatric Disorder-Like Behavior and Changes in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Synaptic Proteins in Adulthood. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3015-3030. [PMID: 33608825 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02317-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since psychiatric disorders are associated with changes in the development of the nervous system, an energy-dependent mechanism, we investigated whether mitochondrial inhibition during the critical neurodevelopment window in rodents would be able to induce metabolic alterations culminating in psychiatric-like behavior. We treated male Wistar rat puppies (P) with rotenone (Rot), an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, from postnatal days 5 to 11 (P5-P11). We demonstrated that at P60 and P120, Rot-treated animals showed hyperlocomotion and deficits in social interaction and aversive contextual memory, features observed in animal models of schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. During adulthood, Rot-treated rodents also presented modifications in CBP and CREB levels in addition to a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression. Additionally, NFE2L2-activation was not altered in Rot-treated P60 and P120 animals; an upregulation of pNFE2L2/ NFE2L2 was only observed in P12 cortices. Curiously, ATP/ADP levels did not change in all ages evaluated. Rot administration in newborn rodents also promoted modification in Rest and Mecp2 expression, and in synaptic protein levels, named PSD-95, Synaptotagmin-1, and Synaptophysin in the adult rats. Altogether, our data indicate that behavioral abnormalities and changes in synaptic proteins in adulthood induced by neonatal Rot administration might be a result of adjustments in CREB pathways and alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf1 expression, rather than a direct deficiency of energy supply, as previously speculated. Consequently, Rot-induced psychiatric-like behavior would be an outcome of alterations in neuronal paths due to mitochondrial deregulation.
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352
expr 820281011 + 880698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α’s roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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Dysregulation of PGC-1α-Dependent Transcriptional Programs in Neurological and Developmental Disorders: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020352. [PMID: 33572179 PMCID: PMC7915819 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence indicates that mitochondrial impairment contributes to neuronal dysfunction and vulnerability in disease states, leading investigators to propose that the enhancement of mitochondrial function should be considered a strategy for neuroprotection. However, multiple attempts to improve mitochondrial function have failed to impact disease progression, suggesting that the biology underlying the normal regulation of mitochondrial pathways in neurons, and its dysfunction in disease, is more complex than initially thought. Here, we present the proteins and associated pathways involved in the transcriptional regulation of nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial function, with a focus on the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α). We highlight PGC-1α's roles in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types and discuss evidence for the dysregulation of PGC-1α-dependent pathways in Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and developmental disorders, emphasizing the relationship between disease-specific cellular vulnerability and cell-type-specific patterns of PGC-1α expression. Finally, we discuss the challenges inherent to therapeutic targeting of PGC-1α-related transcriptional programs, considering the roles for neuron-enriched transcriptional coactivators in co-regulating mitochondrial and synaptic genes. This information will provide novel insights into the unique aspects of transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function in neurons and the opportunities for therapeutic targeting of transcriptional pathways for neuroprotection.
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Iravanpour F, Dargahi L, Rezaei M, Haghani M, Heidari R, Valian N, Ahmadiani A. Intranasal insulin improves mitochondrial function and attenuates motor deficits in a rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:308-319. [PMID: 33497031 PMCID: PMC7871791 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Experimental and clinical evidences demonstrate that common dysregulated pathways are involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes. Recently, insulin treatment through intranasal (IN) approach has gained attention in PD, although the underlying mechanism of its potential therapeutic effects is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of insulin treatment in a rat model of PD with emphasis on mitochondrial function indices in striatum. Methods Rats were treated with a daily low dose (4IU/day) of IN insulin, starting 72 h after 6‐OHDA‐induced lesion and continued for 14 days. Motor performance, dopaminergic cell survival, mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondria permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and glutathione (GSH) content in mitochondria, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the gene expression of PGC‐1α, TFAM, Drp‐1, GFAP, and Iba‐1 were assessed. Results Intranasal insulin significantly reduces 6‐OHDA‐induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death. In parallel, it improves mitochondrial function indices and modulates mitochondria biogenesis and fission as well as activation of astrocytes and microglia. Conclusion Considering the prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD pathology, IN insulin as a disease‐modifying therapy for PD should be considered for extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Iravanpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jiang Y, Li D, Du Z, Li J, Lu R, Zhou Q, Wang Q, Zhu H. Perampanel Stimulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Neuronal Cells through Activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:323-329. [PMID: 33415987 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity in the central nervous system. Perampanel is an antiepilepsy reagent, which has been recently reported to exert neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we aim to investigate the protective effects of perampanel on mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial bioenergetics in human neuronal cells. The human SH-SY-5Y neuronal cells were incubated with 1 and 2 μM perampanel for 24 h. The ratio of mtDNA to nDNA (mtDNA/nDNA) and the gene expression levels of Tomm20, Timm50, Atp5c1, and complex I subunit NDUFB8 were determined using real-time PCR and the Western blot analysis. Spare respiratory capacity was indicated using maximum oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) calculated as a percentage of baseline OCR and ATP concentrations, which were determined using a luciferin/luciferase ATP bioluminescence kit. The siRNA against PGC-1α was designed and transfected to knock down the expression of PGC-1α. Our results indicate that perampanel stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing mtDNA/nDNA, gene expressions of Tomm20, Timm50, Atp5c1, and the protein level of the complex I subunit NDUFB8. Additionally, perampanel improved mitochondrial bioenergetics by increasing spare respiratory capacity and ATP production. Importantly, perampanel increased the expressions of PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, and SIRT1. Importantly, the effects of perampanel in mitochondrial biogenesis were abolished by the knockdown of PGC-1α or blockage of SIRT1 with its specific inhibitor EX-527. These findings suggest that perampanel might improve mitochondrial biogenesis in neuronal cells by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, No. 156, Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, No. 156, Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, No. 156, Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, No. 156, Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, No. 156, Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, No. 156, Qianrong Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
- Department of Mental Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Wuxi Mental Health Center with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Tongren Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China
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