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Hamar J, Cnaani A, Kültz D. Transcriptional upregulation of the myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway is enhanced by NFAT5 in hyperosmotically stressed tilapia cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C545-C556. [PMID: 38946247 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Euryhaline fish experience variable osmotic environments requiring physiological adjustments to tolerate elevated salinity. Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) possess one of the highest salinity tolerance limits of any fish. In tilapia and other euryhaline fish species, the myo-inositol biosynthesis (MIB) pathway enzymes, myo-inositol phosphate synthase (MIPS) and inositol monophosphatase 1 (IMPA1.1), are among the most upregulated mRNAs and proteins indicating the high importance of this pathway for hyperosmotic (HO) stress tolerance. These abundance changes must be precluded by HO perception and signaling mechanism activation to regulate the expression of MIPS and IMPA1.1 genes. In previous work using a O. mossambicus cell line (OmB), a reoccurring osmosensitive enhancer element (OSRE1) in both MIPS and IMPA1.1 was shown to transcriptionally upregulate these enzymes in response to HO stress. The OSRE1 core consensus (5'-GGAAA-3') matches the core binding sequence of the predominant mammalian HO response transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT5). HO-challenged OmB cells showed an increase in NFAT5 mRNA suggesting NFAT5 may contribute to MIB pathway regulation in euryhaline fish. Ectopic expression of wild-type NFAT5 induced an IMPA1.1 promoter-driven reporter by 5.1-fold (P < 0.01). Moreover, expression of dominant negative NFAT5 in HO media resulted in a 47% suppression of the reporter signal (P < 0.005). Furthermore, reductions of IMPA1.1 (37-49%) and MIPS (6-37%) mRNA abundance were observed in HO-challenged NFAT5 knockout cells relative to control cells. Collectively, these multiple lines of experimental evidence establish NFAT5 as a tilapia transcription factor contributing to HO-induced activation of the MIB pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In our study, we use a multi-pronged synthetic biology approach to demonstrate that the fish homolog of the predominant mammalian osmotic stress transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT5) also contributes to the activation of hyperosmolality inducible genes in cells of extremely euryhaline fish. However, in addition to NFAT5 the presence of other strong osmotically inducible signaling mechanisms is required for full activation of osmoregulated tilapia genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hamar
- Department of Animal Sciences and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Avner Cnaani
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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2
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Laban H, Siegmund S, Schlereth K, Trogisch FA, Ablieh A, Brandenburg L, Weigert A, De La Torre C, Mogler C, Hecker M, Kuebler WM, Korff T. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 is indispensable for a balanced adaptive transcriptional response of lung endothelial cells to hypoxia. Cardiovasc Res 2024:cvae151. [PMID: 39107245 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic hypoxia causes detrimental structural alterations in the lung, which may cause pulmonary hypertension and are partially mediated by the endothelium. While its relevance for the development of hypoxia-associated lung diseases is well known, determinants controlling the initial adaptation of the lung endothelium to hypoxia remain largely unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS We revealed that hypoxia activates the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) and studied its regulatory function in murine lung endothelial cells (MLECs). EC-specific knockout of Nfat5 (Nfat5(EC)-/-) in mice exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for 21 days promoted vascular fibrosis and aggravated the increase in pulmonary right ventricular systolic pressure as well as right ventricular dysfunction as compared with control mice. Microarray- and single-cell RNA-sequencing-based analyses revealed an impaired growth factor-, energy-, and protein-metabolism-associated gene expression in Nfat5-deficient MLEC after exposure to hypoxia for 7 days. Specifically, loss of NFAT5 boosted the expression and release of platelet-derived growth factor B (Pdgfb)-a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α)-regulated driver of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth-in capillary MLEC of hypoxia-exposed Nfat5(EC)-/- mice, which was accompanied by intensified VSMC coverage of distal pulmonary arteries. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study shows that early and transient subpopulation-specific responses of MLEC to hypoxia may determine the degree of organ dysfunction in later stages. In this context, NFAT5 acts as a protective transcription factor required to rapidly adjust the endothelial transcriptome to cope with hypoxia. Specifically, NFAT5 restricts HIF1α-mediated Pdgfb expression and consequently limits muscularization and resistance of the pulmonary vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Laban
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Siegmund
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schlereth
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix A Trogisch
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Cardiac Imaging Center, Core Facility Platform Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alia Ablieh
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Brandenburg
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Aristide L, Fernández R. Genomic Insights into Mollusk Terrestrialization: Parallel and Convergent Gene Family Expansions as Key Facilitators in Out-of-the-Sea Transitions. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad176. [PMID: 37793176 PMCID: PMC10581543 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals abandoned their marine niche and successfully adapted to life on land multiple times throughout evolution, providing a rare opportunity to study the mechanisms driving large scale macroevolutionary convergence. However, the genomic factors underlying this process remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the macroevolutionary dynamics of gene repertoire evolution during repeated transitions out of the sea in mollusks, a lineage that has transitioned to freshwater and terrestrial environments multiple independent times. Through phylogenomics and phylogenetic comparative methods, we examine ∼100 genomic data sets encompassing all major molluskan lineages. We introduce a conceptual framework for identifying and analyzing parallel and convergent evolution at the orthogroup level (groups of genes derived from a single ancestral gene in the species in question) and explore the extent of these mechanisms. Despite deep temporal divergences, we found that parallel expansions of ancient gene families played a major role in facilitating adaptation to nonmarine habitats, highlighting the relevance of the preexisting genomic toolkit in facilitating adaptation to new environments. The expanded functions primarily involve metabolic, osmoregulatory, and defense-related systems. We further found functionally convergent lineage-exclusive gene gains, while family contractions appear to be driven by neutral processes. Also, genomic innovations likely contributed to fuel independent habitat transitions. Overall, our study reveals that various mechanisms of gene repertoire evolution-parallelism, convergence, and innovation-can simultaneously contribute to major evolutionary transitions. Our results provide a genome-wide gene repertoire atlas of molluskan terrestrialization that paves the way toward further understanding the functional and evolutionary bases of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Aristide
- Metazoa Phylogenomics Laboratory Biodiversity Program, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Spanish Research Council-University Pompeu Fabra), BarcelonaSpain
| | - Rosa Fernández
- Metazoa Phylogenomics Laboratory Biodiversity Program, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Spanish Research Council-University Pompeu Fabra), BarcelonaSpain
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4
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Tillé L, Cropp D, Charmoy M, Reichenbach P, Andreatta M, Wyss T, Bodley G, Crespo I, Nassiri S, Lourenco J, Leblond MM, Lopez-Rodriguez C, Speiser DE, Coukos G, Irving M, Carmona SJ, Held W, Verdeil G. Activation of the transcription factor NFAT5 in the tumor microenvironment enforces CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1645-1653. [PMID: 37709986 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent exposure to antigen during chronic infection or cancer renders T cells dysfunctional. The molecular mechanisms regulating this state of exhaustion are thought to be common in infection and cancer, despite obvious differences in their microenvironments. Here we found that NFAT5, an NFAT family transcription factor that lacks an AP-1 docking site, was highly expressed in exhausted CD8+ T cells in the context of chronic infections and tumors but was selectively required in tumor-induced CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Overexpression of NFAT5 in CD8+ T cells reduced tumor control, while deletion of NFAT5 improved tumor control by promoting the accumulation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells that had reduced expression of the exhaustion-associated proteins TOX and PD-1 and produced more cytokines, such as IFNɣ and TNF, than cells with wild-type levels of NFAT5, specifically in the precursor exhausted PD-1+TCF1+TIM-3-CD8+ T cell population. NFAT5 did not promote T cell exhaustion during chronic infection with clone 13 of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Expression of NFAT5 was induced by TCR triggering, but its transcriptional activity was specific to the tumor microenvironment and required hyperosmolarity. Thus, NFAT5 promoted the exhaustion of CD8+ T cells in a tumor-selective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Tillé
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Cropp
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Charmoy
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Andreatta
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle Bodley
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao Lourenco
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine M Leblond
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Lopez-Rodriguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago J Carmona
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Werner Held
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Oncology, UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells-5 Regulates Notochord Lumenogenesis in Chordate Larval Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214407. [PMID: 36430885 PMCID: PMC9698811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmoregulation is essential for organisms to adapt to the exterior environment and plays an important role in embryonic organogenesis. Tubular organ formation usually involves a hyperosmotic lumen environment. The mechanisms of how the cells respond and regulate lumen formation remain largely unknown. Here, we reported that the nuclear factor of activated T cells-5 (NFAT5), the only transcription factor in the NFAT family involved in the cellular responses to hypertonic stress, regulated notochord lumen formation in chordate Ciona. Ciona NFAT5 (Ci-NFAT5) was expressed in notochord, and its expression level increased during notochord lumen formation and expansion. Knockout and expression of the dominant negative of NFAT5 in Ciona embryos resulted in the failure of notochord lumen expansion. We further demonstrated that the Ci-NFAT5 transferred from the cytoplasm into nuclei in HeLa cells under the hyperosmotic medium, indicating Ci-NFAT5 can respond the hypertonicity. To reveal the underly mechanisms, we predicted potential downstream genes of Ci-NFAT5 and further validated Ci-NFAT5-interacted genes by the luciferase assay. The results showed that Ci-NFAT5 promoted SLC26A6 expression. Furthermore, expression of a transport inactivity mutant of SLC26A6 (L421P) in notochord led to the failure of lumen expansion, phenocopying that of Ci-NFAT5 knockout. These results suggest that Ci-NFAT5 regulates notochord lumen expansion via the SLC26A6 axis. Taken together, our results reveal that the chordate NFAT5 responds to hypertonic stress and regulates lumen osmotic pressure via an ion channel pathway on luminal organ formation.
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6
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Cheung CY, Huang TT, Chow N, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Chau MP, Chan WC, Wong CCL, Boassa D, Phan S, Ellisman MH, Yates JR, Xu S, Yu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Ng LL, Ko BCB. Unconventional tonicity-regulated nuclear trafficking of NFAT5 mediated by KPNB1, XPOT and RUVBL2. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275560. [PMID: 35635291 PMCID: PMC9377714 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NFAT5 is the only known mammalian tonicity-responsive transcription factor with essential role in cellular adaptation to hypertonic stress. It is also implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. NFAT5 activity is tightly regulated by extracellular tonicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We demonstrated that NFAT5 enters the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. We found that NFAT5 utilizes a unique nuclear localization signal (NFAT5-NLS) for nuclear import. siRNA screening revealed that only karyopherin β1 (KPNB1), but not karyopherin alpha, is responsible for the nuclear import of NFAT5 via direct interaction with the NFAT5-NLS. Proteomics analysis and siRNA screening further revealed that nuclear export of NFAT5 under hypotonicity is driven by Exportin-T, where the process requires RuvB-Like AAA type ATPase 2 (RUVBL2) as an indispensable chaperone. Our findings have identified an unconventional tonicity-dependent nucleocytoplasmic trafficking pathway for NFAT5, a critical step in orchestrating rapid cellular adaptation to change in extracellular tonicity. These findings offer an opportunity for the development of novel NFAT5 targeting strategies that are potentially useful for the treatment of diseases associated with NFAT5 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Y Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary P Chau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Cheung Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine C L Wong
- Center for Precision Medicine Muti-Omics Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, China Clinical Laboratory Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sebastien Phan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA.,Center for Research in Biological Systems, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - SongXiao Xu
- The Clinical Laboratory Department, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Ling Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben C B Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Knockdown of lncRNA MIAT attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cells injury by sponging miR-613. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:471-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Laban H, Siegmund S, Zappe M, Trogisch FA, Heineke J, Torre CDL, Fisslthaler B, Arnold C, Lauryn J, Büttner M, Mogler C, Kato K, Adams RH, Kuk H, Fischer A, Hecker M, Kuebler WM, Korff T. NFAT5/TonEBP Limits Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Hypoxic Lung by Controlling Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123293. [PMID: 34943801 PMCID: PMC8699676 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia increases the resistance of pulmonary arteries by stimulating their contraction and augmenting their coverage by smooth muscle cells (SMCs). While these responses require adjustment of the vascular SMC transcriptome, regulatory elements are not well defined in this context. Here, we explored the functional role of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5/TonEBP) in the hypoxic lung. Regulatory functions of NFAT5 were investigated in cultured artery SMCs and lungs from control (Nfat5fl/fl) and SMC-specific Nfat5-deficient (Nfat5(SMC)−/−) mice. Exposure to hypoxia promoted the expression of genes associated with metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in Nfat5(SMC)−/− versus Nfat5fl/fl lungs. In vitro, hypoxia-exposed Nfat5-deficient pulmonary artery SMCs elevated the level of OXPHOS-related transcripts, mitochondrial respiration, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Right ventricular functions were impaired while pulmonary right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was amplified in hypoxia-exposed Nfat5(SMC)−/− versus Nfat5fl/fl mice. Scavenging of mitochondrial ROS normalized the raise in RVSP. Our findings suggest a critical role for NFAT5 as a suppressor of OXPHOS-associated gene expression, mitochondrial respiration, and ROS production in pulmonary artery SMCs that is vital to limit ROS-dependent arterial resistance in a hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah Laban
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Siegmund
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Maren Zappe
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Felix A. Trogisch
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.A.T.); (J.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Heineke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.A.T.); (J.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Beate Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany;
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Jonathan Lauryn
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; (J.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany;
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.K.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.K.); (R.H.A.)
| | - Hanna Kuk
- The Ottawa Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Andreas Fischer
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hecker
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V. (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany; (J.L.); (W.M.K.)
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.L.); (S.S.); (M.Z.); (C.A.); (M.H.)
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-544131; Fax: +49-6221-544038
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Na + i/K + i imbalance contributes to gene expression in endothelial cells exposed to elevated NaCl. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08088. [PMID: 34632152 PMCID: PMC8488490 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-salt consumption contributes to the development of hypertension and is considered an independent risk factor for vascular remodelling, cardiac hypertrophy and stroke incidence. Alterations in NO production, inflammation and endothelial cell stiffening are considered now as plausible mediators of cardiovascular dysfunction. We studied early responses of endothelial cells (HUVEC) caused by a moderate increase in extracellular sodium concentration. Exposure of HUVEC to elevated sodium within the physiological range up to 24 h is accompanied by changes in monovalent cations fluxes and Na,K-ATPase activation, and, in turn, results in a significant decrease in the content of PTGS2, IL6 and IL1LR1 mRNAs. The expression of NOS3 and FOS genes, as well as the abundance of cytosolic and nuclear NFAT5 protein, remained unchanged. We assessed the mechanical properties of endothelial cells by estimating Young's modulus and equivalent elastic constant using atomic force and interference microscopy, respectively. These parameters were unaffected by elevated-salt exposure for 24 h. The data obtained suggest that even small and short-term elevations of extracellular sodium concentration affect the expression of genes involved in the control of endothelial function through the Na+i/K+i-dependent mechanism(s).
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Zhang XH, Chen CH, Li H, Hsiang J, Wu X, Hu W, Horne D, Nam S, Shively J, Rosen ST. Targeting the non-ATP-binding pocket of the MAP kinase p38γ mediates a novel mechanism of cytotoxicity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2570-2592. [PMID: 34455585 PMCID: PMC8577799 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe here for the first time a lipid‐binding‐domain (LBD) in p38γ mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in the response of T cells to a newly identified inhibitor, CSH71. We describe how CSH71, which binds to both the LBD and the ATP‐binding pocket of p38γ, is selectively cytotoxic to CTCL Hut78 cells but spares normal healthy peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells, and propose possible molecular mechanisms for its action. p38γ is a key player in CTCL development, and we expect that the ability to regulate its expression by specifically targeting the lipid‐binding domain will have important clinical relevance. Our findings characterize novel mechanisms of gene regulation in T lymphoma cells and validate the use of computational screening techniques to identify inhibitors for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Hong Chen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jack Hsiang
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weidong Hu
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jack Shively
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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11
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Klose E, Kuhrt H, Kohen L, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Hollborn M. Hypoxic and osmotic expression of Kir2.1 potassium channels in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Contribution to vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Exp Eye Res 2021; 211:108741. [PMID: 34425102 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells express different subtypes of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. We investigated whether human and rat RPE cells express genes of strongly rectifying Kir2 channels. We also determined the hypoxic and hyperosmotic regulation of Kir2.1 gene expression in cultured human RPE cells and the effects of siRNA-mediated knockdown of Kir2.1 on VEGFA expression, VEGF secretion, proliferation, and viability of the cells. Extracellular hyperosmolarity was induced by addition of NaCl or sucrose. Hypoxia and chemical hypoxia were produced by cell culture in 0.25% O2 and addition of CoCl2, respectively. Gene expression levels were evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Rat RPE cells contained Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, and Kir2.4 gene transcripts while human RPE cells contained Kir2.1, Kir2.2, and Kir2.4 transcripts. Immunocytochemical data may suggest that Kir2.1 protein in cultured human cells is expressed in both perinuclear and plasma membranes. Kir2.1 gene expression and Kir2.1 protein level in human cells increased under hypoxic and hyperosmotic conditions. The expression of the Kir2.1 gene was mediated in part by diverse intracellular signal transduction pathways and transcription factor activities under both conditions; the hyperosmotic, but not the CoCl2-induced Kir2.1 gene expression was dependent on intracellular calcium signaling. Autocrine/paracrine activation of purinergic receptors contributed to Kir2.1 gene expression under hyperosmotic (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2X7) and CoCl2-induced conditions (P2Y2, P2X7). Exogenous VEGF, TGF-β1, and blood serum decreased Kir2.1 gene expression. Inhibition of VEGF receptor-2 increased the Kir2.1 gene expression under control conditions and in CoCl2-simulated hypoxia, and decreased it under high NaCl conditions. Knockdown of Kir2.1 by siRNA inhibited the CoCl2-induced and hyperosmotic transcription of the VEGFA gene and caused a delayed decrease of the constitutive VEGFA gene expression while VEGF protein secretion was not altered. Kir2.1 knockdown stimulated RPE cell proliferation under control and hyperosmotic conditions without affecting cell viability. The data indicate that Kir2.1 channel activity is required for the expression of the VEGFA gene and inhibits the proliferation of RPE cells. Under control and hypoxic conditions, the extracellular VEGF level may regulate the production of VEGF via its inhibitory effect on the Kir2.1 gene transcription; this feedback loop may prevent overproduction of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klose
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helios Klinikum Aue, Aue, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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12
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Kim GN, Hah YS, Seong H, Yoo WS, Choi MY, Cho HY, Yun SP, Kim SJ. The Role of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 5 in Hyperosmotic Stress-Exposed Human Lens Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126296. [PMID: 34208226 PMCID: PMC8230750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) under hyperosmotic conditions in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Hyperosmotic stress decreased the viability of human lens epithelial B-3 cells and significantly increased NFAT5 expression. Hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death occurred to a greater extent in NFAT5-knockout (KO) cells than in NFAT5 wild-type (NFAT5 WT) cells. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression was down-regulated in NFAT5 WT cells and NFAT5 KO cells under hyperosmotic stress. Pre-treatment with a necroptosis inhibitor (necrostatin-1) significantly blocked hyperosmotic stress-induced death of NFAT5 KO cells, but not of NFAT5 WT cells. The phosphorylation levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and RIP3, which indicate the occurrence of necroptosis, were up-regulated in NFAT5 KO cells, suggesting that death of these cells is predominantly related to the necroptosis pathway. This finding is the first to report that necroptosis occurs when lens epithelial cells are exposed to hyperosmolar conditions, and that NFAT5 is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Nam Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Hyemin Seong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Woong-Sun Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Mee-Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
| | - Hee-Young Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (Y.-S.H.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.P.Y.); (S.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8071 (S.P.Y.); +82-55-750-8468 (S.-J.K.)
| | - Seong-Jae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea; (G.-N.K.); (H.S.); (W.-S.Y.); (M.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.Y.); (S.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8071 (S.P.Y.); +82-55-750-8468 (S.-J.K.)
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13
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Iversen M, Mulugeta T, West AC, Jørgensen EH, Martin SAM, Sandve SR, Hazlerigg D. Photoperiod-dependent developmental reprogramming of the transcriptional response to seawater entry in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6169000. [PMID: 33710311 PMCID: PMC8049429 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The developmental transition of juvenile salmon from a freshwater resident morph (parr) to a seawater (SW) migratory morph (smolt), known as smoltification, entails a reorganization of gill function to cope with the altered water environment. Recently, we used RNAseq to characterize the breadth of transcriptional change which takes place in the gill in the FW phase of smoltification. This highlighted the importance of extended exposure to short, winter-like photoperiods (SP) followed by a subsequent increase in photoperiod for completion of transcriptional reprogramming in FW and efficient growth following transfer to SW. Here, we extend this analysis to examine the consequences of this photoperiodic history-dependent reprogramming for subsequent gill responses upon exposure to SW. We use RNAseq to analyze gill samples taken from fish raised on the photoperiod regimes we used previously and then challenged by SW exposure for 24 hours. While fish held on constant light (LL) throughout were able to hypo-osmoregulate during a 24 hours SW challenge, the associated gill transcriptional response was highly distinctive from that in fish which had experienced a 7-week period of exposure to SP followed by a return to LL (SPLL) and had consequently acquired the characteristics of fully developed smolts. Fish transferred from LL to SP, and then held on SP for the remainder of the study was unable to hypo-osmoregulate, and the associated gill transcriptional response to SW exposure featured many transcripts apparently regulated by the glucocorticoid stress axis and by the osmo-sensing transcription factor NFAT5. The importance of these pathways for the gill transcriptional response to SW exposure appears to diminish as a consequence of photoperiod mediated induction of the smolt phenotype, presumably reflecting preparatory developmental changes taking place during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Iversen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø NO-9037, Norway
| | - Teshome Mulugeta
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | - Alexander C West
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø NO-9037, Norway
| | - Even H Jørgensen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø NO-9037, Norway
| | - Samuel A M Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Simen Rød Sandve
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås NO-1432, Norway
| | - David Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT -The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø NO-9037, Norway
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14
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Tiriveedhi V, Ivy MT, Myles EL, Zent R, Rathmell JC, Titze J. Ex Vivo High Salt Activated Tumor-Primed CD4+T Lymphocytes Exert a Potent Anti-Cancer Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071690. [PMID: 33918403 PMCID: PMC8038238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell based immunotherapy is rapidly emerging as a promising cancer treatment. Salt (sodium chloride) treatment to immune cell cultures is known to induce inflammatory activation. In our current study, we analyzed the anti-cancer ability of salt treatment on immune cells outside the host followed by reinfusion into the host. Using a pre-clinical breast cancer model, we demonstrated that external salt treatment on T-cell subset of immune cells produced a viable anti-cancer response, which may have future human clinical application. Abstract Cell based immunotherapy is rapidly emerging as a promising cancer treatment. A modest increase in salt (sodium chloride) concentration in immune cell cultures is known to induce inflammatory phenotypic differentiation. In our current study, we analyzed the ability of salt treatment to induce ex vivo expansion of tumor-primed CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4)+T cells to an effector phenotype. CD4+T cells were isolated using immunomagnetic beads from draining lymph nodes and spleens from tumor bearing C57Bl/6 mice, 28 days post-injection of Py230 syngeneic breast cancer cells. CD4+T cells from non-tumor bearing mice were isolated from splenocytes of 12-week-old C57Bl/6 mice. These CD4+T cells were expanded ex vivo with five stimulation cycles, and each cycle comprised of treatment with high salt (Δ0.035 M NaCl) or equimolar mannitol controls along with anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies for the first 3 days, followed by the addition of interleukin (IL)-2/IL-7 cytokines and heat killed Py230 for 4 days. Ex vivo high salt treatment induced a two-fold higher Th1 (T helper type 1) expansion and four-fold higher Th17 expansion compared to equimolar mannitol treatment. Importantly, the high salt expanded CD4+T cells retained tumor-specificity, as demonstrated by higher in vitro cytotoxicity against Py230 breast cancer cells and reduced in vivo syngeneic tumor growth. Metabolic studies revealed that high salt treatment enhanced the glycolytic reserve and basal mitochondrial oxidation of CD4+T cells, suggesting a role of high salt in enhanced pro-growth anabolic metabolism needed for inflammatory differentiation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the high salt induced switch to the effector phenotype was mediated by tonicity-dependent transcription factor, TonEBP/NFAT5. Using a transgenic murine model, we demonstrated that CD4 specific TonEBP/NFAT5 knock out (CD4cre/creNFAT5flox/flox) abrogated the induction of the effector phenotype and anti-tumor efficiency of CD4+T cells following high salt treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that high salt-mediated ex vivo expansion of tumor-primed CD4+T cells could induce effective tumor specific anti-cancer responses, which may have a novel cell-based cancer immunotherapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (M.T.I.); (E.L.M.)
- Division of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-615-963-5779; Fax: +1-615-963-5747
| | - Michael T. Ivy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (M.T.I.); (E.L.M.)
| | - Elbert L. Myles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA; (M.T.I.); (E.L.M.)
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Jens Titze
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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15
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Thiemicke A, Neuert G. Kinetics of osmotic stress regulate a cell fate switch of cell survival. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabe1122. [PMID: 33608274 PMCID: PMC7895434 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of cells to diverse types of stressful environments differentially regulates cell fate. Although many types of stresses causing this differential regulation are known, it is unknown how changes over time of the same stressor regulate cell fate. Changes in extracellular osmolarity are critically involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes in several tissues. We observe that human cells survive gradual but not acute hyperosmotic stress. We find that stress, caspase, and apoptosis signaling do not activate during gradual stress in contrast to acute treatments. Contrary to the current paradigm, we see a substantial accumulation of proline in cells treated with gradual but not acute stresses. We show that proline can protect cells from hyperosmotic stress similar to the osmoprotection in plants and bacteria. Our studies found a cell fate switch that enables cells to survive gradually changing stress environments by preventing caspase activation and protect cells through proline accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Thiemicke
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregor Neuert
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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O'Sullivan MP, Casey S, Finder M, Ahearne C, Clarke G, Hallberg B, Boylan GB, Murray DM. Up-Regulation of Nfat5 mRNA and Fzd4 mRNA as a Marker of Poor Outcome in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. J Pediatr 2021; 228:74-81.e2. [PMID: 32828883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate umbilical cord messenger RNA (mRNA) expression as biomarkers for the grade of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and long-term neurodevelopment outcome. STUDY DESIGN Infants were recruited from the BiHiVE1 study, Ireland (2009-2011), and the BiHiVE2 study, Ireland, and Sweden (2013-2015). Infants with HIE were assigned modified Sarnat scores at 24 hours and followed at 18-36 months. mRNA expression from cord blood was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We studied 124 infants (controls, n = 37; perinatal asphyxia, n = 43; and HIE, n = 44). Fzd4 mRNA increased in severe HIE (median relative quantification, 2.98; IQR, 2.23-3.68) vs mild HIE (0.88; IQR, 0.46-1.37; P = .004), and in severe HIE vs moderate HIE (1.06; IQR, 0.81-1.20; P = .003). Fzd4 mRNA also increased in infants eligible for therapeutic hypothermia (1.20; IQR, 0.92-2.37) vs those who were ineligible for therapeutic hypothermia group (0.81; IQR, 0.46-1.53; P = .017). Neurodevelopmental outcome was analyzed for 56 infants. Nfat5 mRNA increased in infants with severely abnormal (1.26; IQR, 1.17-1.39) vs normal outcomes (0.97; IQR, 0.83-1.24; P = .036), and also in infants with severely abnormal vs mildly abnormal outcomes (0.96; IQR, 0.80-1.06; P = .013). Fzd4 mRNA increased in infants with severely abnormal (2.51; IQR, 1.60-3.56) vs normal outcomes (0.74; IQR, 0.48-1.49; P = .004) and in infants with severely abnormal vs mildly abnormal outcomes (0.97; IQR, 0.75-1.34; P = .026). CONCLUSIONS Increased Fzd4 mRNA expression was observed in cord blood of infants with severe HIE; Nfat5 mRNA and Fzd4 mRNA expression were increased in infants with severely abnormal long-term outcomes. These mRNA may augment current measures as early objective markers of HIE severity at delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Paul O'Sullivan
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sophie Casey
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mikael Finder
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neonatal Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ahearne
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome, Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Boubou Hallberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Neonatal Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- INFANT Research Centre, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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Yoshimoto S, Morita H, Matsuda M, Katakura Y, Hirata M, Hashimoto S. NFAT5 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression in a hyperosmotic environment. J Transl Med 2021; 101:38-50. [PMID: 32901097 PMCID: PMC7758185 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in several types of cancer cells including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). EGF/EGFR signaling is recognized as an important molecular target in cancer therapy. However, cancer cells often become tolerant to EGF/EGFR signaling-targeted therapies. In the tumor microenvironment, the tumor incites inflammation and the inflammation-derived cytokines make a considerable impact on cancer development. In addition, hyperosmolarity is also induced, but the role of osmotic stress in cancer development has not been fully understood. This study demonstrates molecular insights into hyperosmolarity effect on OSCC development and shows that NFAT5 transcription factor plays an important functional role in enhancing the oral cancer cell proliferation by inducing the EGFR translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane through increase the expression of DPAGT1, an essential enzyme for catalyzing the first committed step of N-linked protein glycosylation. These results suggest that hyperosmolarity-induced intra-nuclear translocation of NFAT5 essential for DPAGT1 activation and EGFR subcellular translocation responsible for OSCC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Morita
- The Center for Visiting Dental Service, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Katakura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hashimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
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18
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Schnabel B, Kuhrt H, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Hollborn M. Osmotic regulation of aquaporin-8 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro: Dependence on K ATP channel activation. Mol Vis 2020; 26:797-817. [PMID: 33456300 PMCID: PMC7803296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The expression of aquaporin-8 (AQP8), which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the cellular fluid and electrolyte balance, was shown to be increased in RPE cells under hyperosmotic conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of hyperosmotic AQP8 gene expression and the localization of AQP8 in cultured human RPE cells. METHODS Hyperosmolarity was produced with the addition of 100 mM NaCl or 200 mM sucrose. Hypoxia was induced by cell culture in a 0.2% O2 atmosphere or the addition of the hypoxia mimetic CoCl2. Oxidative stress was induced by the addition of H2O2. Gene expression was determined with real-time RT-PCR analysis. AQP8 protein localization and secretion of VEGF were evaluated with immunocytochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Immunocytochemical and western blot data suggest that the AQP8 protein is mainly located in the mitochondria. Extracellular hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress induced increases in AQP8 gene expression. Hyperosmotic AQP8 gene expression was reduced by inhibitors of the p38 MAPK and PI3K signal transduction pathways, and by JAK2 and PLA2 inhibitors, and was in part mediated by the transcriptional activity of CREB. Hyperosmotic AQP8 gene expression was also reduced by autocrine/paracrine interleukin-1 signaling, the sulfonylureas glibenclamide and glipizide, which are known inhibitors of KATP channel activation, and a pannexin-blocking peptide. The KATP channel opener pinacidil increased the expression of AQP8 under control conditions. The cells contained Kir6.1 and SUR2B gene transcripts and displayed Kir6.1 immunoreactivity. siRNA-mediated knockdown of AQP8 caused increases in hypoxic VEGF gene expression and secretion and decreased cell viability under control, hyperosmotic, and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that hyperosmotic expression of AQP8 in RPE cells is dependent on the activation of KATP channels. The data suggest that AQP8 activity decreases the hypoxic VEGF expression and improves the viability of RPE cells which may have impact for ischemic retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schnabel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Kang K, Liao X, Li Q, Chen J, Niu Y, Zeng Y, Xia S, Zeng L, Liu S, Gou D. A novel tonicity-responsive microRNA miR-23a-5p modulates renal cell survival under osmotic stress through targeting heat shock protein 70 HSPA1B. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C225-C239. [PMID: 33206547 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00441.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in cellular adaptation to osmotic stress, but the underlying osmosignaling pathways are still not completely understood. In this study, we found that a passenger strand miRNA, miR-23a-5p, was significantly downregulated in response to high NaCl treatment in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCD3) through an miRNA profiling assay. The decrease of miR-23a-5p is hypertonicity-dependent and osmotolerant cell type-specific. Knockdown of miR-23a-5p increased cellular survival and proliferation in mIMCD3. In contrast, miR-23a-5p overexpression repressed cell viability and proliferation under hypertonic stress. RNA deep-sequencing revealed that a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) isoform, HSP70 member 1B (HSPA1B), was significantly increased under hypertonic treatment. Based on the prediction analysis by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and TargetScan, and a further validation via a dual-luciferase assay, HSPA1B was identified as a potential target of miR-23a-5p. Overexpressed miR-23a-5p suppressed HSPA1B, whereas downregulated miR-23a-5p promoted HSPA1B expression in mIMCD3. In addition, an in vivo study demonstrated that there is a reverse correlation between the levels of miR-23a-5p and HSPA1B in mouse renal inner medulla (papilla) that is exposed to extremely high osmolality. In summary, this study elucidates that passenger strand miR-23a-5p is a novel tonicity-responsive miRNA. The downregulation of miR-23a-5p facilitates cellular adaptation to hypertonic stress in mammalian renal cells through modulating HSPA1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqin Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijian Xia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Shide Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Deming Gou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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20
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NFAT5, which protects against hypertonicity, is activated by that stress via structuring of its intrinsically disordered domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20292-20297. [PMID: 32747529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911680117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is a transcription factor (TF) that mediates protection from adverse effects of hypertonicity by increasing transcription of genes, including those that lead to cellular accumulation of protective organic osmolytes. NFAT5 has three intrinsically ordered (ID) activation domains (ADs). Using the NFAT5 N-terminal domain (NTD), which contains AD1, as a model, we demonstrate by biophysical methods that the NTD senses osmolytes and hypertonicity, resulting in stabilization of its ID regions. In the presence of sufficient NaCl or osmolytes, trehalose and sorbitol, the NFAT5 NTD undergoes a disorder-to-order shift, adopting higher average secondary and tertiary structure. Thus, NFAT5 is activated by the stress that it protects against. In its salt and/or osmolyte-induced more ordered conformation, the NTD interacts with several proteins, including HMGI-C, which is known to protect against apoptosis. These findings raise the possibility that the increased intracellular ionic strength and elevated osmolytes caused by hypertonicity activate and stabilize NFAT5.
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21
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An osmolality/salinity-responsive enhancer 1 (OSRE1) in intron 1 promotes salinity induction of tilapia glutamine synthetase. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12103. [PMID: 32694739 PMCID: PMC7374092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are fish that tolerate a wide salinity range from fresh water to > 3× seawater. Even though the physiological effector mechanisms of osmoregulation that maintain plasma homeostasis in fresh water and seawater fish are well known, the corresponding molecular mechanisms that control switching between hyper- (fresh water) and hypo-osmoregulation (seawater) remain mostly elusive. In this study we show that hyperosmotic induction of glutamine synthetase represents a prominent part of this switch. Proteomics analysis of the O. mossambicus OmB cell line revealed that glutamine synthetase is transcriptionally regulated by hyperosmolality. Therefore, the 5' regulatory sequence of O. mossambicus glutamine synthetase was investigated. Using an enhancer trapping assay, we discovered a novel osmosensitive mechanism by which intron 1 positively mediates glutamine synthetase transcription. Intron 1 includes a single, functional copy of an osmoresponsive element, osmolality/salinity-responsive enhancer 1 (OSRE1). Unlike for conventional enhancers, the hyperosmotic induction of glutamine synthetase by intron 1 is position dependent. But irrespective of intron 1 position, OSRE1 deletion from intron 1 abolishes hyperosmotic enhancer activity. These findings indicate that proper intron 1 positioning and the presence of an OSRE1 in intron 1 are required for precise enhancement of hyperosmotic glutamine synthetase expression.
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22
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Hollborn M, Brück R, Kuhrt H, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A. Osmotic and hypoxic induction of osteopontin in retinal pigment epithelial cells: Involvement of purinergic receptor signaling. Mol Vis 2020; 26:188-203. [PMID: 32214785 PMCID: PMC7086046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteopontin (OPN) is a neuroprotective factor in the retina that improves photoreceptor survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether human RPE cells express and respond to OPN. Methods Hypoxia and chemical hypoxia were induced by cell culture in 0.25% O2 and the addition of CoCl2, respectively. Hyperosmolarity was produced by the addition of 100 mM NaCl or 200 mM sucrose. Gene expression was quantified with real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and protein secretion was investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5) was depleted with siRNA. Results The acutely isolated RPE cells and the cultured RPE cells expressed OPN. OPN gene expression was induced by hypoxia and hyperosmotic media, as well as by exogenous bFGF. High extracellular NaCl and hypoxia induced secretion of OPN. Hyperosmotic expression of the OPN gene was mediated by the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signal transduction pathways, and the transcriptional activities of CREB and NFAT5. The hypoxic expression of the OPN gene was mediated by the PI3K signal transduction pathway and caspase-mediated, necrosis-related pathways. Phospholipases A2 were involved in mediating hyperosmotic and hypoxic OPN gene expression. Autocrine or paracrine P2Y2 receptor signaling induced by extracellular ATP contributed to hyperosmotic expression of the OPN gene whereas activation of A1 receptors by extracellularly formed adenosine contributed to thypoxic OPN gene expression. Autocrine or paracrine VEGF signaling exerted an inhibitory effect on expression of the OPN gene. Exogenous OPN induced expression and secretion of bFGF, but not of VEGF. Conclusions The data indicated that RPE cells produce and respond to OPN; OPN expression is, in part, induced by the cellular danger signal ATP. RPE-derived neuroprotective factors such as bFGF may contribute to the prosurvival effect of OPN on photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ricarda Brück
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Cen L, Xing F, Xu L, Cao Y. Potential Role of Gene Regulator NFAT5 in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6927429. [PMID: 33015193 PMCID: PMC7512074 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6927429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a Rel/nuclear factor- (NF-) κB family member, is the only known gene regulator of the mammalian adaptive response to osmotic stress. Exposure to elevated glucose increases the expression and nuclear translocation of NFAT5, as well as NFAT5-driven transcriptional activity in vivo and in vitro. Increased expression of NFAT5 is closely correlated with the progression of diabetes in patients. The distinct structure of NFAT5 governs its physiological and pathogenic roles, indicating its opposing functions. The ability of NFAT5 to maintain cell homeostasis and proliferation is impaired in patients with diabetes. NFAT5 promotes the formation of aldose reductase, pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, and insulin resistance. Additionally, NFAT5 activates inflammation at a very early stage of diabetes and induces persistent inflammation. Recent studies revealed that NFAT5 is an effective therapeutic target for diabetes. Here, we describe the current knowledge about NFAT5 and its relationship with diabetes, focusing on its diverse regulatory functions, and highlight the importance of this protein as a potential therapeutic target in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Cen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Youdian Rd. 54th, Hangzhou 310006, China
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24
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Okamoto T, Wu Y, Matsuhisa K, Saito A, Sakaue F, Imaizumi K, Kaneko M. Hypertonicity-responsive ubiquitin ligase RNF183 promotes Na, K-ATPase lysosomal degradation through ubiquitination of its β1 subunit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:1030-1035. [PMID: 31732153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that RNF183, a member of the RING finger (RNF) protein family, is specifically expressed in the renal collecting duct and that RNF183 mRNA is induced by the activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), which regulates the transcription of essential proteins for adaptation to hypertonic conditions. The renal medulla is the only tissue that is continuously hypertonic; therefore, RNF183 possibly plays an important role in adaptation to continuous hypertonic conditions. However, the mechanism of how cells adapt to long-term hypertonicity via RNF183 remains unclear. In this study, the Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit was identified as a candidate substrate of RNF183 by the BirA proximity-biotinylation technique. The Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit acts as an ion transporter along with the Na, K-ATPase β1 subunit at the plasma membrane. We confirmed that RNF183 interacted with both α1 and β1 subunits; however, we found that RNF183 ubiquitinated only the β1 subunit, not the α1 subunit. Furthermore, RNF183 translocated both α1 and β1 subunits from the plasma membrane to lysosomes. In addition, the expression levels of α1 and β1 subunits in HEK293 cells stably expressing RNF183 were significantly decreased compared with mock control cells, and were restored by siRNA-mediated knockdown of RNF183. Moreover, in RNF183-expressing cells, chloroquine treatment increased the protein levels of the α1 and β1 subunits. Therefore, our results suggest that Na, K-ATPase α1 and β1 subunits are degraded in lysosomes by RNF183-mediated ubiquitination of β1 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Fumika Sakaue
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ha
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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26
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Lin W, Shi C, Wang W, Wu H, Yang C, Wang A, Shen X, Tian Y, Cao P, Yuan W. Osmolarity and calcium regulate connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) expression in nucleus pulposus cells. Gene 2019; 704:15-24. [PMID: 30965128 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to verify the hypothesis that the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), a key molecule essential for the maintenance of nucleus pulposus (NP) matrix homeostasis, is regulated by osmolarity and intracellular calcium in NP cells. METHODS Gene and protein expression levels of CCN2 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Transfections and dual luciferase assays were performed to measure the effect of hyperosmolarity, tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) and Ca2+-calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling on CCN2 promoter activity. RESULTS Cultured in hyperosmotic media, there was a significant decrease in the levels of CCN2 promoter activity, gene and protein expression in NP cells. The JASPAR database was used to analyze the construction of human CCN2 promoter, we found conserved TonE and NFAT binding sites. We then investigated whether TonEBP controlled CCN2 expression. Forced expression of TonEBP in NP cells showed that TonEBP negatively regulated CCN2 promoter activity, while suppression of TonEBP induced CCN2 promoter activity and expression. We then examined if Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling participated in the regulation of CCN2 expression. Co-expression of CCN2 reporter with individual NFAT1-4 expression plasmids and/or calcineurin A/B constructs suggested this signaling pathway played a role in the regulation of CCN2expression in NP cells. CONCLUSIONS Results of these studies illustrated that the expression of CCN2 in NP cells was regulated by the NFAT family through a signaling pathway network involving both activator (Ca2+-Cn-NFAT signaling) and suppressor (Hyperosmolarity-TonEBP) molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Huiqiao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - An Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Armed Police Force Hospital, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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27
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Osmotic induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in RPE cells: Stimulation of inflammasome activation. Mol Vis 2019; 25:329-344. [PMID: 31341381 PMCID: PMC6610242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Systemic hypertension is a risk factor of age-related macular degeneration, a disease associated with chronic retinal inflammation. The main cause of acute hypertension in the elderly is consumption of dietary salt (NaCl) resulting in increased extracellular osmolarity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether extracellular osmolarity regulates the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) genes in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and whether COX activity is involved in mediating the osmotic expression of key inflammatory (NLRP3 and IL1B) and angiogenic factor (VEGFA) genes. Methods Extracellular hyperosmolarity was induced by addition of NaCl or sucrose. Gene expression was determined with real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Cytosolic interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Extracellular hyperosmolarity induced a dose-dependent increase in COX2 gene expression when >10 mM NaCl was added to the culture medium, while COX1 gene expression was increased at higher doses (>50 mM of added NaCl). Extracellular hypo-osmolarity decreased COX2 gene expression. High extracellular osmolarity also induced increases in the COX2 protein level. NaCl-induced expression of COX2 was mediated by various intracellular signal transduction molecules (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase [p38 MAPK], extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 [ERK1/2], and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase [PI3K]), intracellular calcium signaling involving activation of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) and protein kinase Cα/β (PKCα/β), and the activity of nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5). Inhibition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor activities decreased NaCl-induced COX2 gene expression. Selective inhibition of COX2 activity decreased osmotic expression of the VEGFA, IL1B, and NLRP3 genes, and blocked the NaCl-induced increase in the cytosolic IL-1β level. Conclusions The expression of COX2 in RPE cells is osmoresponsive, and depends on NFAT5. COX2 activity stimulates hyperosmotic expression of angiogenic (VEGFA) and inflammatory factor (IL1B and NLRP3) genes, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RPE cells.
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28
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Rasmussen RN, Christensen KV, Holm R, Nielsen CU. Nfat5 is involved in the hyperosmotic regulation of Tmem184b: a putative modulator of ibuprofen transport in renal MDCK I cells. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1071-1081. [PMID: 31066233 PMCID: PMC6551498 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of several genes involved in the response to extracellular hyperosmolality. Recently, the uptake of ibuprofen by an as yet unknown carrier was suggested in Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) I cells exposed to hyperosmolality. We therefore speculated that Nfat5 could be involved in the regulation of this ibuprofen carrier. Reverse transfection with siRNA against Nfat5 was used to knock down Nfat5 in MDCK I cells. The uptake of both radiolabelled taurine and ibuprofen was measured in MDCK I cells, first treated with siRNA against Nfat5 and afterwards cultivated with raffinose‐supplemented normal growth medium (500 mOsm) for 24 h. The siRNA transfection resulted in knockdown of Nfat5, and uptake of both taurine and ibuprofen was significantly decreased in transfected MDCK I cells. The decrease in ibuprofen uptake indicates that Nfat5 is involved in upregulation of the ibuprofen carrier. A transcriptome analysis of MDCK I cells treated with siRNA against Nfat5 revealed 989 genes upregulated by Nfat5 during hyperosmotic exposure. From these genes, the gene product transmembrane protein 184b was found to be regulated by Nfat5, and Tmem184b was the only potential gene product involved in the uptake of ibuprofen in MDCK I cells. Dataset The RNA sequencing dataset is available from the NCBI Gene Expression 452 Omnibus (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) with the accession number GSE122074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Nørgaard Rasmussen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssens Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | - Carsten Uhd Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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29
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Cvetkovic L, Perisic S, Titze J, Jäck HM, Schuh W. The Impact of Hyperosmolality on Activation and Differentiation of B Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:828. [PMID: 31057551 PMCID: PMC6482216 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes, as a central part of adaptive immune responses, have the ability to fight against an almost unlimited numbers of pathogens. Impairment of B cell development, activation and differentiation to antibody secreting plasma cells can lead to malignancy, allergy, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. However, the impact of environmental factors, such as hyperosmolality or osmotic stress caused by varying salt concentrations in different lymphoid organs, on these processes is not well-understood. Here, we report that B cells respond to osmotic stress in a biphasic manner. Initially, increased osmolality boosted B cell activation and differentiation as shown by an untimely downregulation of Pax5 as well as upregulation of CD138. However, in the second phase, we observed an increase in cell death and impaired plasmablast differentiation. Osmotic stress resulted in impaired class switch to IgG1, inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase and a delayed NFAT5 response. Overall, these findings demonstrate the importance of microenvironmental hyperosmolality and osmotic stress caused by NaCl for B cell activation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Cvetkovic
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stojan Perisic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Titze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Lakshmipathi J, Wheatley W, Kumar A, Mercenne G, Rodan AR, Kohan DE. Identification of NFAT5 as a transcriptional regulator of the EDN1 gene in collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F481-F487. [PMID: 30623723 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00509.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) produces very high levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) that acts as an autocrine inhibitor of IMCD Na+ and water reabsorption. Recent studies suggest that IMCD ET-1 production is enhanced by extracellular hypertonicity as can occur during high salt intake. Although NFAT5 has been implicated in the IMCD ET-1 hypertonicity response, no studies in any cell type have identified NFAT5 as a transcriptional regulator of the EDN1 gene; the current study examined this using a mouse IMCD cell line (IMCD3). Media hypertonicity increased IMCD3 ET-1 mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner associated with increased NFAT5 nuclear localization. Knockdown of NFAT5 using small-interfering RNA or by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of exon 4 of the NFAT5 gene reduced the ET-1 hypertonicity response. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using an NFAT5 antibody pulled down ET-1 promoter regions containing NFAT5 consensus binding sequences. Transfected ET-1 promoter reporter constructs revealed maximal hypertonicity-induced reporter activity in the proximal 1-kb region; mutation of the two NFAT5 consensus-binding sites in this region abolished hypertonicity-induced reporter activity. The 1-kb ET-1 promoter-reporter construct lost hypertonicity responsiveness when transfected in CRISPR/Cas9-induced NFAT5-deficient cells. In summary, these findings represent the first description that NFAT5 is a direct transcriptional regulator of the EDN1 gene in IMCD cells and point to a potentially important mechanism by which body Na+ homeostasis is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Wheatley
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anil Kumar
- Metabolic Phenotyping Core, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gaelle Mercenne
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Aylin R Rodan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah.,Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
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31
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Liu G, Wang Y, Jiang S, Sui M, Wang C, Kang L, Sun Y, Jiang Y. Suppression of lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen by CXCL13 after porcine circovirus type 2 infection and regulatory mechanism of CXCL13 expression in pigs. Vet Res 2019; 50:17. [PMID: 30819249 PMCID: PMC6394056 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is one of the most serious infectious diseases in pigs worldwide. The primary causative agent of PCVAD is porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which can cause lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression in pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that Laiwu (LW) pigs, a Chinese indigenous pig breed, have stronger resistance to PCV2 infection than Yorkshire × Landrace (YL) pigs. In this study, we found that the YL pigs showed more severe lymphocyte apoptosis and higher viral load in the spleen tissue than LW pigs. To illustrate the differential gene expression between healthy and infected spleens, transcriptome profiling of spleen tissues from PCV2-infected and control YL pigs was compared by RNA sequencing. A total of 90 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified, including CD207, RSAD2, OAS1, OAS2, MX2, ADRB3, CXCL13, CCR1, and ADRA2C, which were significantly enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms related to the defense response to virus and cell-cell signaling, and another nine DEGs, KLF11, HGF, PTGES3, MAP3K11, XDH, CYCS, ACTC1, HSPH1, and RYR2, which were enriched in GO terms related to regulation of cell proliferation or apoptosis. Among these DEGs, the CXCL13 gene, which can suppress lymphocyte apoptosis during PCV2 infection, was significantly down-regulated in response to PCV2 infection in YL but not in LW pigs. By analysis of the regulatory elements in the promoter and 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of porcine CXCL13, we found that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -1014 G (LW) > A (YL) and the Sus scrofa microRNA-296-5p (ssc-miR-296-5p) participated in regulating CXCL13 expression during the response to PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Minmin Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Changying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Li Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
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Lee N, Kim D, Kim WU. Role of NFAT5 in the Immune System and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:270. [PMID: 30873159 PMCID: PMC6401628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT5), also known as a tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein, was originally identified as a key transcription factor involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis against hypertonic and hyperosmotic environments. Although NFAT5 has been expressed and studied in various types of hyperosmolar tissues, evidence has emerged that NFAT5 plays a role in the development and activation of immune cells, especially T cells and macrophages. The immune-regulatory function of NFAT5 is achieved by inducing different target genes and different signaling pathways in both tonicity-dependent and -independent manners. Particularly in response to hyperosmotic stress, NFAT5 induces the generation of pathogenic TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages, contributing to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, with tonicity-independent stimuli, including activation of the Toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines, NFAT5 also can be activated and promotes immune cell survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Moreover, under isotonic conditions, NFAT5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. This review describes the current knowledge of NFAT5, focusing on its immune-regulatory functions, and it highlights the importance of NFAT5 as a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeun Lee
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Ali A, Baby B, Vijayan R. From Desert to Medicine: A Review of Camel Genomics and Therapeutic Products. Front Genet 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30838017 PMCID: PMC6389616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels have an important role in the lives of human beings, especially in arid regions, due to their multipurpose role and unique ability to adapt to harsh conditions. In spite of its enormous economic, cultural, and biological importance, the camel genome has not been widely studied. The size of camel genome is roughly 2.38 GB, containing over 20,000 genes. The unusual genetic makeup of the camel is the main reason behind its ability to survive under extreme environmental conditions. The camel genome harbors several unique variations which are being investigated for the treatment of several disorders. Various natural products from camels have also been tested and prescribed as adjunct therapy to control the progression of ailments. Interestingly, the camel employs unique immunological and molecular mechanisms against pathogenic agents and pathological conditions. Here, we broadly review camel classification, distribution and breed as well as recent progress in the determination of the camel genome, its size, genetic distribution, response to various physiological conditions, immunogenetics and the medicinal potential of camel gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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34
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Ergün S. In silico analysis of biomarker potentials of miRNA-mediated ceRNAs in prostate cancer. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.497900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Maeoka Y, Wu Y, Okamoto T, Kanemoto S, Guo XP, Saito A, Asada R, Matsuhisa K, Masaki T, Imaizumi K, Kaneko M. NFAT5 up-regulates expression of the kidney-specific ubiquitin ligase gene Rnf183 under hypertonic conditions in inner-medullary collecting duct cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:101-115. [PMID: 30413537 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that among the 37 RING finger protein (RNF) family members, RNF183 mRNA is specifically expressed in the kidney under normal conditions. However, the mechanism supporting its kidney-specific expression pattern remains unclear. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of the transcriptional activation of murine Rnf183 in inner-medullary collecting duct cells. Experiments with anti-RNF183 antibody revealed that RNF183 is predominantly expressed in the renal medulla. Among the 37 RNF family members, Rnf183 mRNA expression was specifically increased in hypertonic conditions, a hallmark of the renal medulla. RNF183 up-regulation was consistent with the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a transcription factor essential for adaptation to hypertonic conditions. Accordingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFAT5 down-regulated RNF183 expression. Furthermore, the -3,466 to -3,136-bp region upstream of the mouse Rnf183 promoter containing the NFAT5-binding motif is conserved among mammals. A luciferase-based reporter vector containing the NFAT5-binding site was activated in response to hypertonic stress, but was inhibited by a mutation at the NFAT5-binding site. ChIP assays revealed that the binding of NFAT5 to this DNA site is enhanced by hypertonic stress. Of note, siRNA-mediated RNF183 knockdown increased hypertonicity-induced caspase-3 activation and decreased viability of mIMCD-3 cells. These results indicate that (i) RNF183 is predominantly expressed in the normal renal medulla, (ii) NFAT5 stimulates transcriptional activation of Rnf183 by binding to its cognate binding motif in the Rnf183 promoter, and (iii) RNF183 protects renal medullary cells from hypertonicity-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Maeoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takumi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Soshi Kanemoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Xiao Peng Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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36
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De Paepe B, Zschüntzsch J, Šokčević T, Weis J, Schmidt J, De Bleecker JL. Induction of Osmolyte Pathways in Skeletal Muscle Inflammation: Novel Biomarkers for Myositis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:846. [PMID: 30364257 PMCID: PMC6193116 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified osmolyte accumulators as novel biomarkers for chronic skeletal muscle inflammation and weakness, but their precise involvement in inflammatory myopathies remains elusive. In the current study, we demonstrate in vitro that, in myoblasts and myotubes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines or increased salt concentration, mRNA levels of the osmolyte carriers SLC5A3, SLC6A6, SLC6A12, and AKR1B1 enzyme can be upregulated. Induction of SLC6A12 and AKR1B1 was confirmed at the protein level using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Gene silencing by specific siRNAs revealed that these factors were vital for muscle cells under hyperosmotic conditions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines activated mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor κB as well as nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 mRNA expression. In muscle biopsies from patients with polymyositis or sporadic inclusion body myositis, osmolyte pathway activation was observed in regenerating muscle fibers. In addition, the osmolyte carriers SLC5A3 and SLC6A12 localized to subsets of immune cells, most notably to the endomysial macrophages and T-cells. Collectively, this study unveiled that muscle cells respond to osmotic and inflammatory stress by osmolyte pathway activation, likely orchestrating general protection of the tissue. Moreover, pro-inflammatory properties are attributed to SLC5A3 and SLC6A12 in auto-aggressive macrophages and T-cells in inflamed skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boel De Paepe
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Zschüntzsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tea Šokčević
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute for Neuropathology, Reinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan L De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Ge G, Yang D, Tan Y, Chen Y, Jiang D, Jiang A, Li Q, Liu Y, Zhong Z, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. miR-10b-5p Regulates C2C12 Myoblasts Proliferation and Differentiation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:291-299. [PMID: 30336746 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1533805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of skeletal muscle is a complex process including myoblasts proliferation and differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidences indicate that miRNAs are important regulators in myogenic processes. Here, we reported that the expression of miR-10b-5p steadily decreased during myoblasts proliferation, but significantly increased during myoblasts differentiation. The over-expression of miR-10b-5p promoted myoblasts proliferation and blunted myofiber formation in C2C12 cells, while miR-10b-5p down-regulation showed an opposite result. At the same time, we observed that the down-regulation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) repressed the differentiation of C2C12 cells, and interestingly, miR-10b-5p could suppress NFAT5 expression. Luciferase activity assays confirmed that miR-10b-5p directly target the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of NFAT5. Overall, we proposed here a novel insight that miR-10b-5p regulates the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, and the impact on myogenic differentiation is partly through targeting NFAT5. Abbreviations: NFAT5: nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5; Cyclin B: cycle protein B; Cyclin D1: cycle protein D1; Cyclin E: cycle protein E; CDK4: cyclin-dependent kinase 4; MyoD: myogenic differentiation antigen; MyoG: myogenin; Myf5: myogenic factor 5; MRF4: myogenic regulatory factor 4; MyHC: myosin heavy chain; AQP5: aquaporin-5; CACNA1C: calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C; SRF: serum response factor; Pax7: paired box 7; KLF4: Kruppel-like factor 4; 3'-UTR: 3'-untranslated region; GM: growth medium; DM: differentiation medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Ge
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Dongli Yang
- b Luzhou Animal Husbandry Station , Luzhou , Sichuan , China
| | - Ya Tan
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China.,c Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science , Guiyang , Guizhou , China
| | - Ying Chen
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Anan Jiang
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Qiang Li
- d Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry , Chengdu , China
| | - Yihui Liu
- d Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- e Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province , Sichuan Animal Science Academy , Chengdu , China
| | - Xuewei Li
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Li Zhu
- a College of Animal Science & Technology , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
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38
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Kleiner J, Hollborn M, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A. Activator protein-1 contributes to the NaCl-induced expression of VEGF and PlGF in RPE cells. Mol Vis 2018; 24:647-666. [PMID: 30310263 PMCID: PMC6178337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Systemic hypertension is a risk factor of neovascular age-related macular degeneration; consumption of dietary salt resulting in extracellular hyperosmolarity is a main cause of hypertension. Extracellular hyperosmolarity was shown to induce expression of angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), in RPE cells. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the hyperosmotic expression of growth factor genes in RPE cells is mediated by activator protein-1 (AP-1), and whether c-Fos and c-Jun genes are regulated by extracellular osmolarity. Methods Hyperosmotic media were made up with the addition of NaCl or sucrose. Gene expression was quantified with real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and protein secretion was investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5) was depleted with siRNA. DNA binding of AP-1 protein was evaluated with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results High NaCl and the addition of sucrose triggered expression of the c-Fos gene, but not of the c-Jun gene. High NaCl also increased the levels of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-Jun proteins and the level of DNA binding of AP-1. Hypoosmolarity decreased the expression of the c-Fos and c-Jun genes. NaCl-induced expression of the c-Fos gene was in part mediated by NFAT5. Autocrine/paracrine activation of fibroblast growth factor and adenosine A1 receptors is involved in mediating NaCl-induced expression of the c-Fos gene. Pharmacological inhibition of the AP-1 activity decreased the NaCl-induced expression of the HIF-1α, NFAT5, VEGF, PlGF, and TGF-β2 genes, and prevented the NaCl-induced secretion of PlGF but not of VEGF. Conclusions The data indicate that AP-1 is activated in RPE cells in response to extracellular hyperosmolarity and mediates in part via the NaCl-induced expression of VEGF and PlGF, and secretion of PlGF. It is suggested that high consumption of dietary salt may exacerbate the angiogenic response of RPE cells in part via activation of AP-1.
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Orlov SN, Shiyan A, Boudreault F, Ponomarchuk O, Grygorczyk R. Search for Upstream Cell Volume Sensors: The Role of Plasma Membrane and Cytoplasmic Hydrogel. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:53-82. [PMID: 30243440 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane plays a prominent role in the regulation of cell volume by mediating selective transport of extra- and intracellular osmolytes. Recent studies show that upstream sensors of cell volume changes are mainly located within the cytoplasm that displays properties of a hydrogel and not in the plasma membrane. Cell volume changes occurring in anisosmotic medium as well as in isosmotic environment affect properties of cytoplasmic hydrogel that, in turn, trigger rapid regulatory volume increase and decrease (RVI and RVD). The downstream signaling pathways include reorganization of 2D cytoskeleton and altered composition of polyphosphoinositides located on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. In addition to its action on physico-chemical properties of cytoplasmic hydrogel, cell volume changes in anisosmotic conditions affect the ionic strength of the cytoplasm and the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. Elevated intracellular ionic strength evoked by long term exposure of cells to hypertonic environment resulted in the activation of TonEBP and augmented expression of genes controlling intracellular organic osmolyte levels. The role of Na+i/K+i -sensitive, Ca2+i -mediated and Ca2+i-independent mechanisms of excitation-transcription coupling in cell volume-adjustment remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei N Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Shiyan
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Francis Boudreault
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Ponomarchuk
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ryszard Grygorczyk
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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40
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Hollborn M, Ackmann C, Kuhrt H, Doktor F, Kohen L, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A. Osmotic and hypoxic induction of the complement factor C9 in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Regulation of VEGF and NLRP3 expression. Mol Vis 2018; 24:518-535. [PMID: 30090015 PMCID: PMC6066273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variants of complement factor genes, hypoxia and oxidative stress of the outer retina, and systemic hypertension affect the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Hypertension often results from the high intake of dietary salt that increases extracellular osmolarity. We determined the effects of extracellular hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress on the expression of complement genes in cultured (dedifferentiated) human RPE cells and investigated the effects of C9 siRNA and C9 protein on RPE cells. Methods Hyperosmolarity was induced by adding 100 mM NaCl or sucrose to the culture medium. Hypoxia was induced by culturing cells in 1% O2 or by adding the hypoxia mimetic CoCl2. Oxidative stress was induced by adding H2O2. Gene and protein expression levels were determined with real-time RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA analyses. The expression of the nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5) and complement factor (C9) was knocked down with siRNA. Results Extracellular hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress strongly increased the transcription of the C9 gene, while the expression of the C3, C5, CFH, and CFB genes was moderately altered or not altered at all. Hyperosmolarity also induced a moderate increase in the cytosolic C9 protein level. The hyperosmotic C9 gene expression was reduced by inhibitors of the p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, and PI3K signal transduction pathways and of the transcription factors STAT3 and NFAT5. The hypoxic C9 gene expression was reduced by a STAT3 inhibitor. The knockdown of C9 with siRNA decreased the hypoxic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and NLRP3 gene expression, the hypoxic secretion of VEGF, and the hyperosmotic expression of the NLRP3 gene. Exogenous C9 protein inhibited the hyperosmotic expression of the C9 gene, the hypoxic and hyperosmotic VEGF gene expression, and the hyperosmotic expression of the NLRP3 gene. Both C9 siRNA and C9 protein inhibited inflammasome activation under hyperosmotic conditions, as indicated by the decrease in the cytosolic level of mature IL-1β. Conclusions The expression of the C9 gene in cultured RPE cells is highly induced by extracellular hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. The data may support the assumption that C9 gene expression may stimulate the expression of inflammatory (NLRP3) and angiogenic growth factors (VEGF) in RPE cells. Extracellular C9 protein may attenuate this effect, in part via negative regulation of the C9 mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Ackmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian Doktor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Helios Klinikum Aue, Aue, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Jones MR, Yue J, Wilson AK. Impact of intracellular ionic strength on dimer binding in the NF-kB Inducing kinase. J Struct Biol 2018; 202:183-190. [PMID: 29326084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Improper signaling of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a critical role in many inflammatory disease states including cancer, stroke, and viral infections. Although the signaling pathways are known, how these molecular mechanisms respond to changes in the intracellular microenvironment such as pH, ionic strength, and temperature, remains elusive. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to differentiate the structural dynamics of the NF-κB Inducing Kinase (NIK), a protein kinase responsible for invoking the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, in its native and mutant form, and in the absence and presence of salt concentration in efforts to probe whether changes in the ionic environment stabilize or destabilize the NIK dimer. Analyses of structure-activity and conformational-activity relationships indicate that the protein-protein interactions are sensitive to changes in the ionic strength. Ligand binding pockets as well as regions between the oligomer interface either compress or expand, affecting both local and distal intermolecular interactions that result in stabilization or destabilization in the protein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Joshua Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Ln., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States.
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Farnesoid X receptor is essential for the survival of renal medullary collecting duct cells under hypertonic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5600-5605. [PMID: 29739889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1803945115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertonicity in renal medulla is critical for the kidney to produce concentrated urine. Renal medullary cells have to survive high medullary osmolarity during antidiuresis. Previous study reported that farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor transcription factor activated by endogenous bile acids, increases urine concentrating ability by up-regulating aquaporin 2 expression in medullary collecting duct cells (MCDs). However, whether FXR is also involved in the maintenance of cell survival of MCDs under dehydration condition and hypertonic stress remains largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that 24-hours water restriction selectively up-regulated renal medullary expression of FXR with little MCD apoptosis in wild-type mice. In contrast, water deprivation caused a massive apoptosis of MCDs in both global FXR gene-deficient mice and collecting duct-specific FXR knockout mice. In vitro studies showed that hypertonicity significantly increased FXR and tonicity response enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) expression in mIMCD3 cell line and primary cultured MCDs. Activation and overexpression of FXR markedly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis under hyperosmotic conditions. In addition, FXR can increase gene expression and nuclear translocation of TonEBP. We conclude that FXR protects MCDs from hypertonicity-induced cell injury very likely via increasing TonEBP expression and nuclear translocation. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which FXR enhances urine concentration via maintaining cell viability of MCDs under hyperosmotic condition.
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Cleavage of osmosensitive transcriptional factor NFAT5 by Coxsackieviral protease 2A promotes viral replication. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006744. [PMID: 29220410 PMCID: PMC5738146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5)/Tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is a transcription factor induced by hypertonic stress in the kidney. However, the function of NFAT5 in other organs has rarely been studied, even though it is ubiquitously expressed. Indeed, although NFAT5 was reported to be critical for heart development and function, its role in infectious heart diseases has remained obscure. In this study, we aimed to understand the mechanism by which NFAT5 interferes with infection of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a major cause of viral myocarditis. Our initial results demonstrated that although the mRNA level of NFAT5 remained constant during CVB3 infection, NFAT5 protein level decreased because the protein was cleaved. Bioinformatic prediction and verification of the predicted site by site-directed mutagenesis experiments determined that the NFAT5 protein was cleaved by CVB3 protease 2A at Glycine 503. Such cleavage led to the inactivation of NFAT5, and the 70-kDa N-terminal cleavage product (p70-NFAT5) exerted a dominant negative effect on the full-length NFAT5 protein. We further showed that elevated expression of NFAT5 to counteract viral protease cleavage, especially overexpression of a non-cleavable mutant of NFAT5, significantly inhibited CVB3 replication. Ectopic expression of NFAT5 resulted in elevated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a factor reported to inhibit CVB3 replication. The necessity of iNOS for the anti-CVB3 effect of NFAT5 was supported by the observation that inhibition of iNOS blocked the anti-CVB3 effect of NFAT5. In a murine model of viral myocarditis, we observed that treatment with hypertonic saline or mannitol solution upregulated NFAT5 and iNOS expression, inhibited CVB3 replication and reduced tissue damage in the heart. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the anti-CVB3 activity of NFAT5 is impaired during CVB3 infection due to 2A-mediated cleavage of NFAT5. Thus induction of NFAT5 by hypertonic agents may be a promising strategy for the development of anti-CVB3 therapeutics.
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Zhang Y, Al-attar R, Storey KB. TonEBP/NFAT5 regulates downstream osmoregulatory proteins during freeze-thaw stress in the wood frog. Cryobiology 2017; 79:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Shellhammer JP, Morin-Kensicki E, Matson JP, Yin G, Isom DG, Campbell SL, Mohney RP, Dohlman HG. Amino acid metabolites that regulate G protein signaling during osmotic stress. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006829. [PMID: 28558063 PMCID: PMC5469498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells respond to osmotic stress by implementing molecular signaling events to protect the organism. Failure to properly adapt can lead to pathologies such as hypertension and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated in response to osmotic stress, as well as by signals acting through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). For proper adaptation, the action of these kinases must be coordinated. To identify second messengers of stress adaptation, we conducted a mass spectrometry-based global metabolomics profiling analysis, quantifying nearly 300 metabolites in the yeast S. cerevisiae. We show that three branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolites increase in response to osmotic stress and require the MAPK Hog1. Ectopic addition of these BCAA derivatives promotes phosphorylation of the G protein α subunit and dampens G protein-dependent transcription, similar to that seen in response to osmotic stress. Conversely, genetic ablation of Hog1 activity or the BCAA-regulatory enzymes leads to diminished phosphorylation of Gα and increased transcription. Taken together, our results define a new class of candidate second messengers that mediate cross talk between osmotic stress and GPCR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Shellhammer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Jacob P. Matson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Guowei Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Isom
- The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sharon L. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Mohney
- Metabolon, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Henrik G. Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Böger CA, Gorski M, McMahon GM, Xu H, Chang YPC, van der Most PJ, Navis G, Nolte IM, de Borst MH, Zhang W, Lehne B, Loh M, Tan ST, Boerwinkle E, Grams ME, Sekula P, Li M, Wilmot B, Moon JG, Scheet P, Cucca F, Xiao X, Lyytikäinen LP, Delgado G, Grammer TB, Kleber ME, Sedaghat S, Rivadeneira F, Corre T, Kutalik Z, Bergmann S, Nielson CM, Srikanth P, Teumer A, Müller-Nurasyid M, Brockhaus AC, Pfeufer A, Rathmann W, Peters A, Matsumoto M, de Andrade M, Atkinson EJ, Robinson-Cohen C, de Boer IH, Hwang SJ, Heid IM, Gögele M, Concas MP, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Nalls MA, Singleton A, Tajuddin SM, Adeyemo A, Zhou J, Doumatey A, McWeeney S, Murabito J, Franceschini N, Flessner M, Shlipak M, Wilson JG, Chen G, Rotimi CN, Zonderman AB, Evans MK, Ferrucci L, Devuyst O, Pirastu M, Shuldiner A, Hicks AA, Pramstaller PP, Kestenbaum B, Kardia SLR, Turner ST, Study LC, Briske TE, Gieger C, Strauch K, Meisinger C, Meitinger T, Völker U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Vollenweider P, Bochud M, Waeber G, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, März W, Dehghan A, Franco OH, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Taylor HA, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, Fox CS, Hitzemann R, Orwoll ES, Pattaro C, Schlessinger D, Köttgen A, Snieder H, Parsa A, Cohen DM. NFAT5 and SLC4A10 Loci Associate with Plasma Osmolality. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2311-2321. [PMID: 28360221 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016080892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of water balance, an excess or deficit of total body water relative to body electrolyte content, are common and ascertained by plasma hypo- or hypernatremia, respectively. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study meta-analysis on plasma sodium concentration in 45,889 individuals of European descent (stage 1 discovery) and 17,637 additional individuals of European descent (stage 2 replication), and a transethnic meta-analysis of replicated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 79,506 individuals (63,526 individuals of European descent, 8765 individuals of Asian Indian descent, and 7215 individuals of African descent). In stage 1, we identified eight loci associated with plasma sodium concentration at P<5.0 × 10-6 Of these, rs9980 at NFAT5 replicated in stage 2 meta-analysis (P=3.1 × 10-5), with combined stages 1 and 2 genome-wide significance of P=5.6 × 10-10 Transethnic meta-analysis further supported the association at rs9980 (P=5.9 × 10-12). Additionally, rs16846053 at SLC4A10 showed nominally, but not genome-wide, significant association in combined stages 1 and 2 meta-analysis (P=6.7 × 10-8). NFAT5 encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that coordinates the intracellular response to hypertonic stress but was not previously implicated in the regulation of systemic water balance. SLC4A10 encodes a sodium bicarbonate transporter with a brain-restricted expression pattern, and variant rs16846053 affects a putative intronic NFAT5 DNA binding motif. The lead variants for NFAT5 and SLC4A10 are cis expression quantitative trait loci in tissues of the central nervous system and relevant to transcriptional regulation. Thus, genetic variation in NFAT5 and SLC4A10 expression and function in the central nervous system may affect the regulation of systemic water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten A Böger
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Gearoid M McMahon
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Huichun Xu
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Yen-Pei C Chang
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Marie Loh
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Sian-Tsung Tan
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Morgan E Grams
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Peggy Sekula
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Man Li
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material.
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - James G Moon
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Paul Scheet
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Graciela Delgado
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Tanja B Grammer
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Sanaz Sedaghat
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Tanguy Corre
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material.
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Sven Bergmann
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Carrie M Nielson
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Priya Srikanth
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Anne Catharina Brockhaus
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Arne Pfeufer
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Annette Peters
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Martha Matsumoto
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Iris M Heid
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Martin Gögele
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Jie Zhou
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Ayo Doumatey
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Joanne Murabito
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Michael Flessner
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Michael Shlipak
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - James G Wilson
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Michele K Evans
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Alan Shuldiner
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Peter Paul Pramstaller
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Bryan Kestenbaum
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - LifeLines Cohort Study
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Tamara Ellefson Briske
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Christian Gieger
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Uwe Völker
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Henry Völzke
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Gerard Waeber
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Winfried März
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Albert Hofman
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Herman A Taylor
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - John C Chambers
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Caroline S Fox
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Robert Hitzemann
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - David Schlessinger
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Harold Snieder
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - Afshin Parsa
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
| | - David M Cohen
- Due to the number of contributing authors, the affiliations are listed in the supplemental material
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Hollborn M, Fischer S, Kuhrt H, Wiedemann P, Bringmann A, Kohen L. Osmotic regulation of NFAT5 expression in RPE cells: The involvement of purinergic receptor signaling. Mol Vis 2017; 23:116-130. [PMID: 28356704 PMCID: PMC5360457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Systemic hypertension is a risk factor for age-related neovascular retinal diseases. The major condition that induces hypertension is the intake of dietary salt (NaCl) resulting in increased extracellular osmolarity. High extracellular NaCl was has been shown to induce angiogenic factor production in RPE cells, in part via the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5). Here, we determined the signaling pathways that mediate the osmotic expression of the NFAT5 gene in RPE cells. METHODS Cultured human RPE cells were stimulated with high (+100 mM) NaCl. Alterations in gene and protein expression were determined with real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS NaCl-induced NFAT5 gene expression was fully inhibited by calcium chelation and blockers of inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptors and phospholipases C and A2. Blockers of phospholipases C and A2 also prevented the NaCl-induced increase of the cellular NFAT5 protein level. Inhibitors of multiple intracellular signaling transduction pathways and kinases, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinases A and C, Src tyrosine kinases, and calpains, as well as cyclooxygenase inhibitors, decreased the NaCl-induced expression of the NFAT5 gene. In addition, autocrine purinergic signaling mediated by a release of ATP and a nucleoside transporter-mediated release of adenosine, activation of P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, and adenosine A1 receptors, but not adenosine A2A receptors, is required for the full expression of the NFAT5 gene under hyperosmotic conditions. NaCl-induced NFAT5 gene expression is in part dependent on the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The NaCl-induced expression of NFAT5 protein was prevented by inhibitors of phospholipases C and A2 and an inhibitor of NF-κB, but it was not prevented by a P2Y1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that in addition to calcium signaling and activation of inflammatory enzymes, autocrine/paracrine purinergic signaling contributes to the stimulatory effect of hyperosmotic stress on the expression of the NFAT5 gene in RPE cells. It is suggested that high intake of dietary salt induces RPE cell responses, which may contribute to age-related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heidrun Kuhrt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Helios Klinikum Aue, Aue, Germany
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Chung I, Hah YS, Ju S, Kim JH, Yoo WS, Cho HY, Yoo JM, Seo SW, Choi WS, Kim SJ. Ultraviolet B Radiation Stimulates the Interaction between Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 5 (NFAT5) and Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) in Human Lens Epithelial Cells. Curr Eye Res 2017. [PMID: 28632030 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1270327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cataracts. The authors investigated the relationship between nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) and NF-κB in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. METHODS Human lens epithelial B-3 (HLE-B3) cells were exposed to UVB light at a dose of 10 mJ/cm2 and then incubated for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Gene expression level of NFAT5 was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Protein expression levels of NFAT5, NF-κB p65, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the association of NFAT5 with the NF-κB p65 subunit were measured by Western blot analysis and a co-immunoprecipitation assay, respectively. The cellular distribution of NFAT5 and NF-κB p65 was examined by triple immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS At 24 h after UVB exposure, cell viability significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and UVB light (15 and 20 mJ/cm2) significantly increased the ROS generation. UVB irradiation increased NFAT5 mRNA and protein levels and increased phosphorylation of NF-κB in HLE-B3 cells. α-SMA protein levels were increased in the irradiated cells. In addition, NFAT5 and NF-κB translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and binding between the p65 subunit and NFAT5 was increased. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to UVB radiation induces nuclear translocation and stimulates binding between NFAT5 and NF-κB proteins in HLE-B3 cells. These interactions may form part of the biochemical mechanism of cataractogenesis in UVB-irradiated HLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Chung
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- b Biomedical Research Institute , Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences , Jinju , Korea
| | - SunMi Ju
- c Division of Pulmonology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Woong-Sun Yoo
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Hee-Young Cho
- b Biomedical Research Institute , Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences , Jinju , Korea
| | - Ji-Myong Yoo
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Seo
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
| | - Wan-Sung Choi
- d Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine , Jinju , Korea
| | - Seong-Jae Kim
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences , Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Jinju , Korea
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Bringmann A, Hollborn M, Kohen L, Wiedemann P. Intake of dietary salt and drinking water: Implications for the development of age-related macular degeneration. Mol Vis 2016; 22:1437-1454. [PMID: 28031693 PMCID: PMC5178186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Systemic hypertension is a risk factor of age-related retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. High intake of dietary salt and low intake of water increase extracellular osmolality resulting in hypertension, in particular in salt-sensitive individuals. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the impact of salt and water intake on the regulation of blood pressure, retinal function, and the development of age-related retinal diseases. METHODS A literature search of the Medline database and a summary of recent studies that used human RPE cells. RESULTS The salt sensitivity of the blood pressure and plasma osmolality increase with age, and body water deficits are common in older individuals. High plasma osmolality has adverse effects in the retina. In RPE cells, high osmolality induces expression and secretion of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor, and expression of aquaporin-5, a water channel implicated in transepithelial water transport. The transcriptional activities of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor of activated T cell 5 (NFAT5) are critical for the production of VEGF in response to salt-induced osmotic stress. Salt-induced osmotic stress also induces priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activates inflammatory enzymes in RPE cells. CONCLUSIONS Raised plasma osmolality may aggravate age-related retinal diseases by stimulation of local inflammation and angiogenic factor production in the RPE. Alterations in salt and water consumption, and of minerals that stimulate renal salt excretion, may offer nutritional approaches to prevent age-related retinal disorders, in particular in salt-sensitive individuals and individuals who show signs of body dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bringmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margrit Hollborn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leon Kohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,Helios Klinikum Aue, Aue, Germany
| | - Peter Wiedemann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Xia X, Qu B, Li YM, Yang LB, Fan KX, Zheng H, Huang HD, Gu JW, Kuang YQ, Ma Y. NFAT5 protects astrocytes against oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration damage via the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 61:96-104. [PMID: 27838821 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a multifunctional cytokine family. NFAT5 was recently reported to be involved in many neuronal functions, but its specific function remains unclear. In this study, our aim is to investigate whether NFAT5 overexpression can protect astrocytes against oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration (OGSD/R) damage. In vivo, rats were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury, resulting in increased water content, infarct volume, and expression of NFAT5 protein in rat spinal cord. After primary culture for spinal cord astrocytes, the in vitro OGSD/R model was established. The results of the CCK8 assay and flow cytometry showed that, in the OGSD/R group, astrocyte cell viability was downregulated, but astrocyte apoptosis increased. Caspase 3 activity increased as well. Levels of NFAT5, as detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot, decreased under OGSD/R, as did SIRT1. Commercial kits for activity assays were used to show that OGSD/R inhibited SIRT1 activation but accelerated SOD activation after OGSD/R. Next, pcDNA-NFAT5 or NFAT5 siRNA was transfected into astrocytes. Overexpression of NFAT5 not only promoted the survival of the astrocytes and SIRT1 activation under OGSD/R but also inhibited cell apoptosis and SOD activation. Moreover, overexpression of NFAT5 apparently diminished histone acetylation and promoted the nuclear transport of Nrf2. Our results show that NFAT5 protects spinal astrocytes in a manner that depends on activation of the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway. These findings present a novel potential molecular mechanism for NFAT5 therapy in the context of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Yun-Ming Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Li-Bin Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Ke-Xia Fan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Hai-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Jian-Wen Gu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA, No. 9 Anxiangbeili, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yong-Qin Kuang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China.
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