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Risby-Jones G, Lee JD, Woodruff TM, Fung JN. Sex differences in Huntington's disease from a neuroinflammation perspective. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1384480. [PMID: 38915800 PMCID: PMC11194371 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1384480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities. Immune dysregulation, prominently featuring increased immune activity, plays a significant role in HD pathogenesis. In addition to the central nervous system (CNS), systemic innate immune activation and inflammation are observed in HD patients, exacerbating the effects of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene mutation. Recent attention to sex differences in HD symptom severity underscores the need to consider gender as a biological variable in neurodegenerative disease research. Understanding sex-specific immune responses holds promise for elucidating HD pathophysiology and informing targeted treatment strategies to mitigate cognitive and functional decline. This perspective will highlight the importance of investigating gender influence in HD, particularly focusing on sex-specific immune responses predisposing individuals to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Risby-Jones
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny N. Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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2
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Li Z, Jiang YY, Long C, Peng X, Tao J, Pu Y, Yue R. Bridging metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction: role of astrocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393253. [PMID: 38800473 PMCID: PMC11116704 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive dysfunction pose significant challenges to global health and the economy. Systemic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and autoregulatory impairment drive neurodegeneration and microcirculatory damage in MetS. Due to their unique anatomy and function, astrocytes sense and integrate multiple metabolic signals, including peripheral endocrine hormones and nutrients. Astrocytes and synapses engage in a complex dialogue of energetic and immunological interactions. Astrocytes act as a bridge between MetS and cognitive dysfunction, undergoing diverse activation in response to metabolic dysfunction. This article summarizes the alterations in astrocyte phenotypic characteristics across multiple pathological factors in MetS. It also discusses the clinical value of astrocytes as a critical pathologic diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for MetS-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-yi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyi Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajing Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueheng Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wee IC, Arulsamy A, Corrigan F, Collins-Praino L. Long-Term Impact of Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury on Neuroinflammation and Catecholaminergic Signaling: Potential Relevance for Parkinson's Disease Risk. Molecules 2024; 29:1470. [PMID: 38611750 PMCID: PMC11013319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. TBI triggers acute neuroinflammation and catecholamine dysfunction post-injury, both implicated in PD pathophysiology. The long-term impact on these pathways following TBI, however, remains uncertain. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or Marmarou's impact acceleration model to induce varying TBI severities: single mild TBI (mTBI), repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI), or moderate-severe TBI (msTBI). At 12 months post-injury, astrocyte reactivity (GFAP) and microglial levels (IBA1) were assessed in the striatum (STR), substantia nigra (SN), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) using immunohistochemistry. Key enzymes and receptors involved in catecholaminergic transmission were measured via Western blot within the same regions. Minimal changes in these markers were observed, regardless of initial injury severity. Following mTBI, elevated protein levels of dopamine D1 receptors (DRD1) were noted in the PFC, while msTBI resulted in increased alpha-2A adrenoceptors (ADRA2A) in the STR and decreased dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH) in the SN. Neuroinflammatory changes were subtle, with a reduced number of GFAP+ cells in the SN following msTBI. However, considering the potential for neurodegenerative outcomes to manifest decades after injury, longer post-injury intervals may be necessary to observe PD-relevant alterations within these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing Chee Wee
- Cognition, Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Head Injury Lab, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lyndsey Collins-Praino
- Cognition, Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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Vázquez-Sánchez A, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Colín-Castelán D, Molina-Torres J, Ramírez-Chávez E, Romo-Morales GDC, Zaina S, Lund G. Effects of paternal arachidonic acid supplementation on offspring behavior and hypothalamus inflammation markers in the mouse. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300141. [PMID: 38512839 PMCID: PMC10956830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is involved in inflammation and plays a role in growth and brain development in infants. We previously showed that exposure of mouse sires to AA for three consecutive generations induces a cumulative change in fatty acid (FA) involved in inflammation and an increase in body and liver weight in the offspring. Here, we tested the hypothesis that paternal AA exposure changes the progeny's behavioral response to a proinflammatory insult, and asked whether tissue-specific FA are associated with that response. Male BALB/c mice were supplemented daily with three doses of AA for 10 days and crossed to non-supplemented females (n = 3/dose). Two-month-old unsupplemented male and female offspring (n = 6/paternal AA dose) were exposed to Gram-negative bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or saline control two hours prior to open field test (OFT) behavioral analysis and subsequent sacrifice. We probed for significant effects of paternal AA exposure on: OFT behaviors; individual FA content of blood, hypothalamus and hypothalamus-free brain; hypothalamic expression profile of genes related to inflammation (Tnfa, Il1b, Cox1, Cox2) and FA synthesis (Scd1, Elovl6). All parameters were affected by paternal AA supplementation in a sex-specific manner. Paternal AA primed the progeny for behavior associated with increased anxiety, with a marked sex dimorphism: high AA doses acted as surrogate of LPS in males, realigning a number of OFT behaviors that in females were differential between saline and LPS groups. Progeny hypothalamic Scd1, a FA metabolism enzyme with documented pro-inflammatory activity, showed a similar pattern of differential expression between saline and LPS groups at high paternal AA dose in females, that was blunted in males. Progeny FA generally were not affected by LPS, but displayed non-linear associations with paternal AA doses. In conclusion, we document that paternal exposure to AA exerts long-term behavioral and biochemical effects in the progeny in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dannia Colín-Castelán
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Leon Campus, Leon, Gto., Mexico
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Silvio Zaina
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Leon Campus, Leon, Gto., Mexico
| | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico
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Balan I, Grusca A, O’Buckley TK, Morrow AL. Neurosteroid [3α,5α]-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one enhances IL-10 production via endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1299420. [PMID: 38179300 PMCID: PMC10765172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1299420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated the inhibitory effect of allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP) on the activation of inflammatory toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signals in RAW264.7 macrophages and the brains of selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats. In the current study, we investigated the impact of 3α,5α-THP on the levels of IL-10 and activation of the TRIF-dependent endosomal TLR4 pathway. Methods The amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of P rats, which exhibit innately activated TLR4 pathways as well as RAW264.7 cells, were used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoblotting assays were used to ascertain the effects of 3α,5α-THP on the TRIF-dependent endosomal TLR4 pathway and endosomes were isolated to examine translocation of TLR4 and TRIF. Additionally, we investigated the effects of 3α,5α-THP and 3α,5α-THDOC (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µM) on the levels of IL-10 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Finally, we examined whether inhibiting TRIF (using TRIF siRNA) in RAW264.7 cells altered the levels of IL-10. Results 3α,5α-THP administration facilitated activation of the endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 pathway in males, but not female P rats. 3α,5α-THP increased IL-10 levels (+13.2 ± 6.5%) and BDNF levels (+21.1 ± 11.5%) in the male amygdala. These effects were associated with increases in pTRAM (+86.4 ± 28.4%), SP1 (+122.2 ± 74.9%), and PI(3)K-p110δ (+61.6 ± 21.6%), and a reduction of TIRAP (-13.7 ± 6.0%), indicating the activation of the endosomal TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. Comparable effects were observed in NAc of these animals. Furthermore, 3α,5α-THP enhanced the accumulation of TLR4 (+43.9 ± 11.3%) and TRIF (+64.8 ± 32.8%) in endosomes, with no significant effect on TLR3 accumulation. Additionally, 3α,5α-THP facilitated the transition from early endosomes to late endosomes (increasing Rab7 levels: +35.8 ± 18.4%). In RAW264.7 cells, imiquimod (30 µg/mL) reduced IL-10 while 3α,5α-THP and 3α,5α-THDOC (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 µM) restored IL-10 levels. To determine the role of the TRIF-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway in IL-10 production, the downregulation of TRIF (-62.9 ± 28.2%) in RAW264.7 cells led to a reduction in IL-10 levels (-42.3 ± 8.4%). TRIF (-62.9 ± 28.2%) in RAW264.7 cells led to a reduction in IL-10 levels (-42.3 ± 8.4%) and 3α,5α-THP (1.0 µM) no longer restored the reduced IL-10 levels. Conclusion The results demonstrate 3α,5α-THP enhancement of the endosomal TLR4-TRIF anti-inflammatory signals and elevations of IL-10 in male P rat brain that were not detected in female P rat brain. These effects hold significant implications for controlling inflammatory responses in both the brain and peripheral immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Balan
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Adelina Grusca
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Todd K. O’Buckley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Platholi J, Marongiu R, Park L, Yu F, Sommer G, Weinberger R, Tower W, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Hippocampal glial inflammatory markers are differentially altered in a novel mouse model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1280218. [PMID: 38035277 PMCID: PMC10684955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1280218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is often characterized by age-dependent cerebrovascular pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits with notable sex differences in risk, disease onset, progression and severity. Women bear a disproportionate burden of dementia, and the onset of menopause (i.e., perimenopause) may be a critical period conferring increased susceptibility. However, the contribution of early ovarian decline to the neuroinflammatory processes associated with cerebrovascular dementia risks, particularly at the initial stages of pathology that may be more amenable to proactive intervention, is unknown. To better understand the influence of early ovarian failure on dementia-associated neuroinflammation we developed a model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), an important contributor to dementia. For this, accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) was induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) treatment to isolate early-stage ovarian failure comparable to human perimenopause (termed "peri-AOF") in transgenic SWDI mice expressing human vasculotropic mutant amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein, that were also tested at an early stage of amyloidosis. We found that peri-AOF SWDI mice showed increased astrocyte activation accompanied by elevated Aβ in select regions of the hippocampus, a brain system involved in learning and memory that is severely impacted during dementia. However, although SWDI mice showed signs of increased hippocampal microglial activation and impaired cognitive function, this was not further affected by peri-AOF. In sum, these results suggest that elevated dysfunction of key elements of the neurovascular unit in select hippocampal regions characterizes the brain pathology of mice at early stages of both CAA and AOF. However, neurovascular unit pathology may not yet have passed a threshold that leads to further behavioral compromise at these early periods of cerebral amyloidosis and ovarian failure. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hormonal dysregulation associated with perimenopause onset represents a stage of emerging vulnerability to dementia-associated neuropathology, thus providing a selective window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention prior to the development of advanced pathology that has proven difficult to repair or reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Anesthesiology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Marongiu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Genetic Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Laibaik Park
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fangmin Yu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Garrett Sommer
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rena Weinberger
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - William Tower
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
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Abghari M, Vu JTCM, Eckberg N, Aldana BI, Kohlmeier KA. Decanoic Acid Rescues Differences in AMPA-Mediated Calcium Rises in Hippocampal CA1 Astrocytes and Neurons in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1461. [PMID: 37892143 PMCID: PMC10604953 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive dysfunctions, is associated with high levels of amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), which is believed to play a role in cellular damage and signaling changes in AD. Decanoic acid has been shown to be therapeutic in AD. Glutamatergic signaling within neurons and astrocytes of the CA1 region of the hippocampus is critical in cognitive processes, and previous work has indicated deficiencies in this signaling in a mouse model of AD. In this study, we investigated glutamate-mediated signaling by evaluating AMPA-mediated calcium rises in female and male CA1 neurons and astrocytes in a mouse model of AD and examined the potential of decanoic acid to normalize this signaling. In brain slices from 5xFAD mice in which there are five mutations leading to increasing levels of Aβ42, AMPA-mediated calcium transients in CA1 neurons and astrocytes were significantly lower than that seen in wildtype controls in both females and males. Interestingly, incubation of 5xFAD slices in decanoic acid restored AMPA-mediated calcium levels in neurons and astrocytes in both females and males to levels indistinguishable from those seen in wildtype, whereas similar exposure to decanoic acid did not result in changes in AMPA-mediated transients in neurons or astrocytes in either sex in the wildtype. Our data indicate that one mechanism by which decanoic acid could improve cognitive functioning is through normalizing AMPA-mediated signaling in CA1 hippocampal cells.
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8
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Fiore NT, Keating BA, Chen Y, Williams SI, Moalem-Taylor G. Differential Effects of Regulatory T Cells in the Meninges and Spinal Cord of Male and Female Mice with Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2023; 12:2317. [PMID: 37759539 PMCID: PMC10527659 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells play a critical role in promoting neuroinflammation and the development of neuropathic pain. However, some subsets of immune cells are essential for pain resolution. Among them are regulatory T cells (Tregs), a specialised subpopulation of T cells that limit excessive immune responses and preserve immune homeostasis. In this study, we utilised intrathecal adoptive transfer of activated Tregs in male and female mice after peripheral nerve injury to investigate Treg migration and whether Treg-mediated suppression of pain behaviours is associated with changes in peripheral immune cell populations in lymphoid and meningeal tissues and spinal microglial and astrocyte reactivity and phenotypes. Treatment with Tregs suppressed mechanical pain hypersensitivity and improved changes in exploratory behaviours after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in both male and female mice. The injected Treg cells were detected in the choroid plexus and the pia mater and in peripheral lymphoid organs in both male and female recipient mice. Nonetheless, Treg treatment resulted in differential changes in meningeal and lymph node immune cell profiles in male and female mice. Moreover, in male mice, adoptive transfer of Tregs ameliorated the CCI-induced increase in microglia reactivity and inflammatory phenotypic shift, increasing M2-like phenotypic markers and attenuating astrocyte reactivity and neurotoxic astrocytes. Contrastingly, in CCI female mice, Treg injection increased astrocyte reactivity and neuroprotective astrocytes. These findings show that the adoptive transfer of Tregs modulates meningeal and peripheral immunity, as well as spinal glial populations, and alleviates neuropathic pain, potentially through different mechanisms in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (N.T.F.); (B.A.K.); (Y.C.); (S.I.W.)
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9
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Lee J, Dimitry JM, Song JH, Son M, Sheehan PW, King MW, Travis Tabor G, Goo YA, Lazar MA, Petrucelli L, Musiek ES. Microglial REV-ERBα regulates inflammation and lipid droplet formation to drive tauopathy in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5197. [PMID: 37626048 PMCID: PMC10457319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by tau aggregation and associated with disrupted circadian rhythms and dampened clock gene expression. REV-ERBα is a core circadian clock protein which also serves as a nuclear receptor and transcriptional repressor involved in lipid metabolism and macrophage function. Global REV-ERBα deletion has been shown to promote microglial activation and mitigate amyloid plaque formation. However, the cell-autonomous effects of microglial REV-ERBα in healthy brain and in tauopathy are unexplored. Here, we show that microglial REV-ERBα deletion enhances inflammatory signaling, disrupts lipid metabolism, and causes lipid droplet (LD) accumulation specifically in male microglia. These events impair microglial tau phagocytosis, which can be partially rescued by blockage of LD formation. In vivo, microglial REV-ERBα deletion exacerbates tau aggregation and neuroinflammation in two mouse tauopathy models, specifically in male mice. These data demonstrate the importance of microglial lipid droplets in tau accumulation and reveal REV-ERBα as a therapeutically accessible, sex-dependent regulator of microglial inflammatory signaling, lipid metabolism, and tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Neurology and Center On Biological Rhythms And Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie M Dimitry
- Department of Neurology and Center On Biological Rhythms And Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jong Hee Song
- Mass Spectrometry Technology Access Center at McDonnell Genome Institute (MTAC@MGI) at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Minsoo Son
- Mass Spectrometry Technology Access Center at McDonnell Genome Institute (MTAC@MGI) at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick W Sheehan
- Department of Neurology and Center On Biological Rhythms And Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melvin W King
- Department of Neurology and Center On Biological Rhythms And Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G Travis Tabor
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Mass Spectrometry Technology Access Center at McDonnell Genome Institute (MTAC@MGI) at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Erik S Musiek
- Department of Neurology and Center On Biological Rhythms And Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Guebel DV. Human hippocampal astrocytes: Computational dissection of their transcriptome, sexual differences and exosomes across ageing and mild-cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2677-2707. [PMID: 37427765 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease is often disregarded. Hence, characterization of astrocytes along their early evolution toward Alzheimer would be greatly beneficial. However, due to their exquisite responsiveness, in vivo studies are difficult. So public microarray data of hippocampal homogenates from (healthy) young, (healthy) elder and elder with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were subjected to re-analysis by a multi-step computational pipeline. Ontologies and pathway analyses were compared after determining the differential genes that, belonging to astrocytes, have splice forms. Likewise, the subset of molecules exportable to exosomes was also determined. The results showed that astrocyte's phenotypes changed significantly. While already 'activated' astrocytes were found in the younger group, major changes occurred during ageing (increased vascular remodelling and response to mechanical stimulus, diminished long-term potentiation and increased long-term depression). MCI's astrocytes showed some 'rejuvenated' features, but their sensitivity to shear stress was markedly lost. Importantly, most of the changes showed to be sex biassed. Men's astrocytes are enriched in a type 'endfeet-astrocytome', whereas women's astrocytes appear close to the 'scar-forming' type (prone to endothelial dysfunction, hypercholesterolemia, loss of glutamatergic synapses, Ca+2 dysregulation, hypoxia, oxidative stress and 'pro-coagulant' phenotype). In conclusion, the computational dissection of the networks based on the hippocampal gene isoforms provides a relevant proxy to in vivo astrocytes, also revealing the occurrence of sexual differences. Analyses of the astrocytic exosomes did not provide an acceptable approximation to the overall functioning of astrocytes in the hippocampus, probably due to the selective cellular mechanisms which charge the cargo molecules.
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11
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Patrizz A, Hamamy AE, Maniskas M, Munshi Y, Atadja L, Ahnstedt H, Howe M, Bu F, Mulkey DK, McCullough LD, Li J. Stroke-Induced Respiratory Dysfunction Is Associated With Cognitive Decline. Stroke 2023; 54:1863-1874. [PMID: 37264918 PMCID: PMC10330454 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory dysfunction is a common complication of stroke, with an incidence of over 60%. Despite the high prevalence of stroke-induced respiratory dysfunction, how disordered breathing influences recovery and cognitive outcomes after ischemic stroke is unknown. We hypothesized that stroke induces chronic respiratory dysfunction, breathing instability, and apnea in mice, which would contribute to higher mortality and greater poststroke cognitive deficits. METHODS Mice were subjected to a 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion or permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Whole body plethysmography was performed on C57BL/6 young (2-3 months) and aged (20 months) male and female mice. Animals were exposed to a variety of gas conditions to assess the contribution of peripheral and central chemoreceptors. A battery of cognitive tests was performed to examine behavioral function. RESULTS Middle cerebral artery occlusion led to disordered breathing characterized by hypoventilation and apneas. Cognitive decline correlated with the severity of disordered breathing. Distal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, which produces a smaller cortical infarct, also produced breathing disorders and cognitive impairment but only in aged mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that poststroke apnea is associated with cognitive decline and highlights the influence of aging on breathing disorders after stroke. Therefore, the treatment of respiratory instability may be a viable approach to improving cognitive outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Patrizz
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Ahmad El Hamamy
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Michael Maniskas
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Yashasvee Munshi
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Louise Atadja
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Matthew Howe
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Fan Bu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Daniel K. Mulkey
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, 06269
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Jun Li
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston and the McGovern Medical School, Houston TX, 77030
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12
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He J, Wei Y, Li J, Tang Y, Liu J, He Z, Zhou R, He X, Ren H, Liao Y, Gu L, Yuan N, Chen X, Tang J. Sex differences in the association of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and serum interleukin-6 levels. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:470. [PMID: 37370004 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade inflammation and altered inflammatory markers have been observed in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines linked with TRS and receives increasing attention. Previous studies showed that patients with TRS might have higher IL-6 levels compared with healthy individuals and treatment-responsive patients. Besides, emerging evidence has suggested that there are sex differences in the associations between IL-6 levels and various illnesses, including chronic hepatitis C, metabolic syndrome, etc.; however, there is limited study on TRS. In this present study, we aimed to compare the serum IL-6 levels of TRS and partially responsive schizophrenia (PRS) and explore potential sex differences in the association of TRS and IL-6 levels. METHODS The study population consisted of a total of 90 patients with schizophrenia: 64 TRS patients (45.3% males and 54.7% females) and 26 PRS patients (46.2% males and 53.8% females). We measured serum IL-6 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed them separately by gender, controlling for confounders (age, education, medication, body mass index, and PANSS scores) rigorously. RESULT The results showed that patients with TRS had higher serum IL-6 levels than patients with PRS (p = 0.002). In females, IL-6 levels increased significantly in the TRS group compared with the PRS group (p = 0.005). And a positive correlation tendency was observed between IL-6 levels and PANSS general sub-scores (r = 0.31, p = 0.039), although this correlation was not significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Whereas, there were no differences in IL-6 levels between the TRS and PRS (p = 0.124) in males. CONCLUSION Our findings provided evidence supporting the hypothesis that the inflammatory response system (IRS) may play a role in the pathogenesis of TRS in a sex-dependent manner. In addition, sex differences in the immune dysfunction of individuals with schizophrenia cannot be neglected, and inflammation in male and female TRS should be discussed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi He
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yisen Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinguang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangyin He
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xingtao He
- The Ninth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gu
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ning Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China.
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13
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Colombo E, De Angelis A, Bassani C, Ruffini F, Ottoboni L, Garzetti L, Finardi A, Martino G, Furlan R, Farina C. iAstrocytes do not restrain T cell proliferation in vitro. BMC Neurosci 2023; 24:33. [PMID: 37286983 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between T cells and astrocytes occurring under physiological and, even more, neuroinflammatory conditions may profoundly impact the generation of adaptive immune responses in the nervous tissue. In this study, we used a standardized in vitro co-culture assay to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of astrocytes differing for age, sex, and species. Mouse neonatal astrocytes enhanced T cell vitality but suppressed T lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogenic stimuli or myelin antigens, regardless of the Th1, Th2 or Th17 T cell phenotype. Studies comparing glia cells from adult and neonatal animals showed that adult astrocytes were more efficient in inhibiting T lymphocyte activation than neonatal astrocytes, regardless of their sex. Differently from primary cultures, mouse and human astrocytes derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts did not interfere with T cell proliferation. Overall, we describe a standardized astrocyte-T cell interaction in vitro assay and demonstrate that primary astrocytes and iAstrocytes may differ in modulating T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anthea De Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bassani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruffini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Garzetti
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Suarez LM, Diaz-Del Cerro E, Felix J, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Ceprian N, Guerra-Perez N, G Novelle M, Martinez de Toda I, De la Fuente M. Sex differences in neuroimmunoendocrine communication. Involvement on longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111798. [PMID: 36907251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine, nervous, and immune systems work coordinately to maintain the global homeostasis of the organism. They show sex differences in their functions that, in turn, contribute to sex differences beyond reproductive function. Females display a better control of the energetic metabolism and improved neuroprotection and have more antioxidant defenses and a better inflammatory status than males, which is associated with a more robust immune response than that of males. These differences are present from the early stages of life, being more relevant in adulthood and influencing the aging trajectory in each sex and may contribute to the different life lifespan between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Suarez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefania Diaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Felix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi Ceprian
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Guerra-Perez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta G Novelle
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martinez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Bringuier CM, Noristani HN, Perez JC, Cardoso M, Goze-Bac C, Gerber YN, Perrin FE. Up-Regulation of Astrocytic Fgfr4 Expression in Adult Mice after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040528. [PMID: 36831195 PMCID: PMC9954417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to persistent neurological deficits without available curative treatment. After SCI astrocytes within the lesion vicinity become reactive, these undergo major morphological, and molecular transformations. Previously, we reported that following SCI, over 10% of resident astrocytes surrounding the lesion spontaneously transdifferentiate towards a neuronal phenotype. Moreover, this conversion is associated with an increased expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (Fgfr4), a neural stem cell marker, in astrocytes. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of gene therapy upon Fgfr4 over-expression in mature astrocytes following SCI in adult mice. We found that Fgfr4 over-expression in astrocytes immediately after SCI improves motor function recovery; however, it may display sexual dimorphism. Improved functional recovery is associated with a decrease in spinal cord lesion volume and reduced glial reactivity. Cell-specific transcriptomic profiling revealed concomitant downregulation of Notch signaling, and up-regulation of neurogenic pathways in converting astrocytes. Our findings suggest that gene therapy targeting Fgfr4 over-expression in astrocytes after injury is a feasible therapeutic approach to improve recovery following traumatism of the spinal cord. Moreover, we stress that a sex-dependent response to astrocytic modulation should be considered for the development of effective translational strategies in other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maida Cardoso
- UMR 5221, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Florence Evelyne Perrin
- MMDN, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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16
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Papp L, Rasul S, Spielvogel CP, Krajnc D, Poetsch N, Woehrer A, Patronas EM, Ecsedi B, Furtner J, Mitterhauser M, Rausch I, Widhalm G, Beyer T, Hacker M, Traub-Weidinger T. Sex-specific radiomic features of L-[S-methyl- 11C] methionine PET in patients with newly-diagnosed gliomas in relation to IDH1 predictability. Front Oncol 2023; 13:986788. [PMID: 36816966 PMCID: PMC9936222 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.986788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amino-acid positron emission tomography (PET) is a validated metabolic imaging approach for the diagnostic work-up of gliomas. This study aimed to evaluate sex-specific radiomic characteristics of L-[S-methyl-11Cmethionine (MET)-PET images of glioma patients in consideration of the prognostically relevant biomarker isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status. Methods MET-PET of 35 astrocytic gliomas (13 females, mean age 41 ± 13 yrs. and 22 males, mean age 46 ± 17 yrs.) and known IDH mutation status were included. All patients underwent radiomic analysis following imaging biomarker standardization initiative (IBSI)-conform guidelines both from standardized uptake value (SUV) and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) PET values. Aligned Monte Carlo (MC) 100-fold split was utilized for SUV and TBR dataset pairs for both sex and IDH-specific analysis. Borderline and outlier scores were calculated for both sex and IDH-specific MC folds. Feature ranking was performed by R-squared ranking and Mann-Whitney U-test together with Bonferroni correction. Correlation of SUV and TBR radiomics in relation to IDH mutational status in male and female patients were also investigated. Results There were no significant features in either SUV or TBR radiomics to distinguish female and male patients. In contrast, intensity histogram coefficient of variation (ih.cov) and intensity skewness (stat.skew) were identified as significant to predict IDH +/-. In addition, IDH+ females had significant ih.cov deviation (0.031) and mean stat.skew (-0.327) differences compared to IDH+ male patients (0.068 and -0.123, respectively) with two-times higher standard deviations of the normal brain background MET uptake as well. Discussion We demonstrated that female and male glioma patients have significantly different radiomic profiles in MET PET imaging data. Future IDH prediction models shall not be built on mixed female-male cohorts, but shall rely on sex-specific cohorts and radiomic imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Papp
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sazan Rasul
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens P. Spielvogel
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics , Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denis Krajnc
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Poetsch
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Woehrer
- Clinical Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Patronas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boglarka Ecsedi
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Furtner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Widhalm
- Clinical University of Neuro-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Beyer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Tatjana Traub-Weidinger,
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17
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Mhatre-Winters I, Eid A, Han Y, Tieu K, Richardson JR. Sex and APOE Genotype Alter the Basal and Induced Inflammatory States of Primary Astrocytes from Humanized Targeted Replacement Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914221144549. [PMID: 36604975 PMCID: PMC9982390 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221144549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype and sex are significant risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with females demonstrating increased risk modulated by APOE genotype. APOE is predominantly expressed in astrocytes, however, there is a lack of comprehensive assessments of sex differences in astrocytes stratified by APOE genotype. Here, we examined the response of mixed-sex and sex-specific neonatal APOE3 and APOE4 primary mouse astrocytes (PMA) to a cytokine mix of IL1b, TNFa, and IFNg. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles were assessed by qRT-PCR and Meso Scale Discovery multiplex assay. Mixed-sex APOE4 PMA were found to have higher basal messenger RNA expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including Il6, Tnfa, Il1b, Mcp1, Mip1a, and Nos2 compared to APOE3 PMA, which was accompanied by increased levels of these secreted cytokines. In sex-specific cultures, basal expression of Il1b, Il6, and Nos2 was 1.5 to 2.5 fold higher in APOE4 female PMA compared to APOE4 males, with both being higher than APOE3 PMA. Similar results were found for secreted levels of these cytokines. Together, these findings indicate that APOE4 genotype and female sex, contribute to a greater inflammatory response in primary astrocytes and these data may provide a framework for investigating the mechanisms contributing to genotype and sex differences in AD-related neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mhatre-Winters
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA,Department of Neurosciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent
State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Aseel Eid
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason R. Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College
of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International
University, Miami, FL, USA,Jason R. Richardson, Department of
Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and
Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199-2156, USA.
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18
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Gudkov SV, Burmistrov DE, Kondakova EV, Sarimov RM, Yarkov RS, Franceschi C, Vedunova MV. An emerging role of astrocytes in aging/neuroinflammation and gut-brain axis with consequences on sleep and sleep disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101775. [PMID: 36334910 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system has changed dramatically over the last decade. The accumulating findings indicate that glial cells are involved not only in the maintenance of metabolic and ionic homeostasis and in the implementation of trophic functions but also in cognitive functions and information processing in the brain. Currently, there are some controversies regarding the role of astrocytes in complex processes such as aging of the nervous system and the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Many findings confirm the important functional role of astrocytes in age-related brain changes, including sleep disturbance and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease. Until recent years, neurobiological research has focused mainly on neuron-glial interactions, in which individual astrocytes locally modulate neuronal activity and communication between neurons. The review considers the role of astrocytes in the physiology of sleep and as an important "player" in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the features of the astrocytic network reorganization during aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy E Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Kondakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Ruslan M Sarimov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman S Yarkov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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19
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Breach MR, Lenz KM. Sex Differences in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Key Role for the Immune System. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 62:165-206. [PMID: 35435643 PMCID: PMC10286778 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences are prominent defining features of neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding the sex biases in these disorders can shed light on mechanisms leading to relative risk and resilience for the disorders, as well as more broadly advance our understanding of how sex differences may relate to brain development. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders is increasing, and the two most common neurodevelopmental disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit male-biases in prevalence rates and sex differences in symptomology. While the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders and their sex differences remain to be fully understood, increasing evidence suggests that the immune system plays a critical role in shaping development. In this chapter we discuss sex differences in prevalence and symptomology of ASD and ADHD, review sexual differentiation and immune regulation of neurodevelopment, and discuss findings from human and rodent studies of immune dysregulation and perinatal immune perturbation as they relate to potential mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. This chapter will give an overview of how understanding sex differences in neuroimmune function in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders could lend insight into their etiologies and better treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Breach
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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20
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Bandala C, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Reyes-Long S, Cortés-Algara A, Contreras-García IJ, Cruz-Hernández TR, Alfaro-Rodriguez A, Cortes-Altamirano JL, Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Lara-Padilla E. Estrogens as a Possible Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection in COVID-19. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2110-2125. [PMID: 37326113 PMCID: PMC10556364 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230616103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects several tissues, including the central and peripheral nervous system. It has also been related to signs and symptoms that suggest neuroinflammation with possible effects in the short, medium, and long term. Estrogens could have a positive impact on the management of the disease, not only due to its already known immunomodulator effect, but also activating other pathways that may be important in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, such as the regulation of the virus receptor and its metabolites. In addition, they can have a positive effect on neuroinflammation secondary to pathologies other than COVID-19. The aim of this study is to analyze the molecular mechanisms that link estrogens with their possible therapeutic effect for neuroinflammation related to COVID-19. Advanced searches were performed in scientific databases as Pub- Med, ProQuest, EBSCO, the Science Citation index, and clinical trials. Estrogens have been shown to participate in the immune modulation of the response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to this mechanism, we propose that estrogens can regulate the expression and activity of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), reestablishing its cytoprotective function, which may be limited by its interaction with SARS-CoV-2. In this proposal, estrogens and estrogenic compounds could increase the synthesis of Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) that acts through the Mas receptor (MasR) in cells that are being attacked by the virus. Estrogens can be a promising, accessible, and low-cost treatment for neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in patients with COVID-19, due to its direct immunomodulatory capacity in decreasing cytokine storm and increasing cytoprotective capacity of the axis ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bandala
- Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
- Neuroscience Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, 04530, Mexico
| | - Samuel Reyes-Long
- Basic Neurosciences, National Institute of Rehabilitation LGII, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cortés-Algara
- Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
- Department of Robotic Surgery and Laparoscopy in Gynecology, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - José Luis Cortes-Altamirano
- Basic Neurosciences, National Institute of Rehabilitation LGII, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico
- Research Department, Ecatepec Valley State University, Valle de Anahuac, Ecatepec, 55210, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Martín Perez-Santos
- Directorate of Innovation and Knowledge Transfer, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 72570, Puebla
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Oriente Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Metepec, 74360, Puebla
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
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21
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McCombe PA, Greer JM. Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059833. [PMID: 36518769 PMCID: PMC9742606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced in many animal strains by inoculation with central nervous system antigens and adjuvant or by the passive transfer of lymphocytes reactive with these antigens and is widely used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). There are reports that female sex and pregnancy affect EAE. Here we review the effects of biological sex and the effects of pregnancy on the clinical features (including disease susceptibility) and pathophysiology of EAE. We also review reports of the possible mechanisms underlying these differences. These include sex-related differences in the immune system and in the central nervous system, the effects of hormones and the sex chromosomes and molecules unique to pregnancy. We also review sex differences in the response to factors that can modify the course of EAE. Our conclusion is that the effects of biological sex in EAE vary amongst animal models and should not be widely extrapolated. In EAE, it is therefore essential that studies looking at the effects of biological sex or pregnancy give full information about the model that is used (i.e. animal strain, sex, the inducing antigen, timing of EAE induction in relation to pregnancy, etc.). In addition, it would be preferable if more than one EAE model were used, to show if any observed effects are generalizable. This is clearly a field that requires further work. However, understanding of the mechanisms of sex differences could lead to greater understanding of EAE, and suggest possible therapies for MS.
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22
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Ji W, An K, Wang C, Wang S. Bioinformatics analysis of diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in peripheral blood based on sex differences and support vector machine algorithm. Hereditas 2022; 159:38. [PMID: 36195955 PMCID: PMC9531459 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-022-00252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) varies based on gender. Due to the lack of early stage biomarkers, most of them are diagnosed at the terminal stage. This study aimed to explore sex-specific signaling pathways and identify diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Methods Microarray dataset for blood was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of GSE63060 to conduct differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis by R software limma. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted. Immune checkpoint gene expression was compared between females and males. Using CytoHubba, we identified hub genes in a protein–protein interaction network (PPI). Then, we evaluated their distinct effectiveness using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Support vector machine (SVM) and ten-fold cross-validation were used to further verify these biomarkers. Lastly, we confirmed our findings by using another independent dataset. Results A total of 37 female-specific DEGs and 27 male-specific DEGs were identified from GSE63060 datasets. Analyses of enrichment showed that female-specific DEGs primarily focused on energy metabolism, while male-specific DEGs mostly involved in immune regulation. Three immune-checkpoint-relevant genes dysregulated in males. In females, however, these eight genes were not differentially expressed. SNRPG, RPS27A, COX7A2, ATP5PO, LSM3, COX7C, PFDN5, HINT1, PSMA6, RPS3A and RPL31 were regarded as hub genes for females, while SNRPG, RPL31, COX7C, RPS27A, RPL35A, RPS3A, RPS20 and PFDN5 were regarded as hub genes for males. Thirteen hub genes mentioned above was significantly lower in both AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The diagnostic model of 15-marker panel (13 hub genes with sex and age) was developed. Both the training dataset and the independent validation dataset have area under the curve (AUC) with a high value (0.919, 95%CI 0.901–0.929 and 0.803, 95%CI 0.789–0.826). Based on GSEA for hub genes, they were associated with some aspects of AD pathogenesis. Conclusion DEGs in males and females contribute differently to AD pathogenesis. Algorithms combining blood-based biomarkers may improve AD diagnostic accuracy, but large validation studies are needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-022-00252-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Ji
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu,, China
| | - Ke An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu,, China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu,, China. .,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Fernández-Calle R, Konings SC, Frontiñán-Rubio J, García-Revilla J, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Svensson M, Martinson I, Boza-Serrano A, Venero JL, Nielsen HM, Gouras GK, Deierborg T. APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and brain diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:62. [PMID: 36153580 PMCID: PMC9509584 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of the most influential risk factors for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become the third hallmark of AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated aggregated tau protein. This review aims to broadly and extensively describe the differential aspects concerning apoE. Starting from the evolution of apoE to how APOE's single-nucleotide polymorphisms affect its structure, function, and involvement during health and disease. This review reflects on how APOE's polymorphisms impact critical aspects of AD pathology, such as the neuroinflammatory response, particularly the effect of APOE on astrocytic and microglial function and microglial dynamics, synaptic function, amyloid-β load, tau pathology, autophagy, and cell–cell communication. We discuss influential factors affecting AD pathology combined with the APOE genotype, such as sex, age, diet, physical exercise, current therapies and clinical trials in the AD field. The impact of the APOE genotype in other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by overt inflammation, e.g., alpha- synucleinopathies and Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, is also addressed. Therefore, this review gathers the most relevant findings related to the APOE genotype up to date and its implications on AD and CNS pathologies to provide a deeper understanding of the knowledge in the APOE field.
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24
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Tirelle P, Salaün C, Kauffmann A, Bôle-Feysot C, Guérin C, Huré M, Goichon A, Amamou A, Breton J, do Rego JL, Déchelotte P, Achamrah N, Coëffier M. Intestinal Epithelial Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Modifies the Response to the Activity-Based Anorexia Model in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173607. [PMID: 36079861 PMCID: PMC9460860 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microbiota in eating disorders has recently emerged. Previous data reported that lipopolysaccharides induce anorexia and a decrease of body weight through the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In the activity-based anorexia (ABA) mouse model, an increase of TLR4 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) has been described. We thus aimed to characterize the role of TLR4 in IEC in the ABA model in male and female mice. For this purpose, Vill-CreERT2-TLR4 LoxP, which are depleted for TLR4 in IEC in response to 4-OH tamoxifen, were submitted (ABA) or not (CT) to the ABA procedure that combined free access to a running wheel and progressive time-limited access to food. We thus compared CT and ABA TLR4IEC−/− mice to CT and ABA TLR4IEC+/+ mice. In response to the ABA model, TLR4IEC+/+ male and female mice exhibited a body weight loss associated to a decrease of lean mass. In TLR4IEC−/− male mice, body weight loss was delayed and less pronounced compared to TLR4IEC+/+ male mice. We did not observe a difference of body weight loss in female mice. The body composition remained unchanged between TLR4IEC−/− and TLR4IEC+/+ mice in both sexes. In both sexes, ABA TLR4IEC+/+ mice exhibited an increase of food-anticipatory activity, as well as an increase of immobility time during the open field test. However, female TLR4IEC−/− mice showed a decrease of the time spent at the centre and an increase of the time spent at the periphery of the open field area, whereas we did not observe differences in the male mice. In conclusion, the invalidation of TLR4 in IEC modified the response to the ABA model in a sex-dependent manner. Further studies should decipher the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Tirelle
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Colin Salaün
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Kauffmann
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Guérin
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Marion Huré
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Goichon
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Asma Amamou
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Luc do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM US51-CNRS UAR2026, Animal Behavioural Platform, SCAC-HeRacLeS “High-Tech Research Infrastructures for Life”, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Najate Achamrah
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Université de Rouen Normandie, INSERM UMR 1073 “Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis”, 76183 Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, CHU Rouen, 76031 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-23-5148240
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25
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Chronic social instability stress down-regulates IL-10 and up-regulates CX3CR1 in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing female mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 435:114063. [PMID: 35988637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive literature has reported a link between stress and tumor progression, and between both of these factors and mental health. Despite the higher incidence of affective disorders in females and the neurochemical differences according to sex, female populations have been understudied. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the effect of stress on tumor development in female OF1 mice. For this purpose, subjects were inoculated with B16F10 melanoma cells and exposed to the Chronic Social Instability Stress (CSIS) model. Behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine parameters were analyzed. Female mice exposed to CSIS exhibited reduced body weight and increased arousal, but there was no evidence of depressive behavior or anxiety. Exposure to CSIS did not affect either corticosterone levels or tumor development, although it did provoke an imbalance in cerebral inflammatory cytokines, decreasing IL-10 expression (IL-6/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10); chemokines, increasing CX3CR1 expression (CX3CL1/CX3CR1); and glucocorticoid receptors, decreasing GR expression (MR/GR). In contrast, tumor development did not alter body weight and, although it did alter behavior, it did so to a much lesser extent. Tumor inoculation did not affect corticosterone levels, but increased the MR/GR ratio in the hippocampus and provoked an imbalance in cerebral inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, although differently from stress. These results underscore the need for experimental approaches that allow us to take sex differences into account when exploring this issue, since these results appear to indicate that the female response to stress is mediated by mechanisms different from those often proposed in relation to male mice.
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26
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Winek K, Tzur Y, Soreq H. Biological underpinnings of sex differences in neurological disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 164:27-67. [PMID: 36038206 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of sex differences in neurological disorders has been increasingly acknowledged in recent clinical and basic research studies, but the complex biology and genetics underlying sex-linked biological heterogeneity and its brain-to-body impact remained incompletely understood. Men and women differ substantially in their susceptibility to certain neurological diseases, in the severity of symptoms, prognosis as well as the nature and efficacy of their response to treatments. The detailed mechanisms underlying these differences, especially at the molecular level, are being addressed in many studies but leave a lot to be further revealed. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of how sex differences in the brain and brain-body signaling contribute to neurological disorders and further present some future prospects entailed in terms of diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Winek
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonat Tzur
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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27
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Beiter RM, Rivet-Noor C, Merchak AR, Bai R, Johanson DM, Slogar E, Sol-Church K, Overall CC, Gaultier A. Evidence for oligodendrocyte progenitor cell heterogeneity in the adult mouse brain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12921. [PMID: 35902669 PMCID: PMC9334628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) account for approximately 5% of the adult brain and have been historically studied for their role in myelination. In the adult brain, OPCs maintain their proliferative capacity and ability to differentiate into oligodendrocytes throughout adulthood, even though relatively few mature oligodendrocytes are produced post-developmental myelination. Recent work has begun to demonstrate that OPCs likely perform multiple functions in both homeostasis and disease and can significantly impact behavioral phenotypes such as food intake and depressive symptoms. However, the exact mechanisms through which OPCs might influence brain function remain unclear. The first step in further exploration of OPC function is to profile the transcriptional repertoire and assess the heterogeneity of adult OPCs. In this work, we demonstrate that adult OPCs are transcriptionally diverse and separate into two distinct populations in the homeostatic brain. These two groups show distinct transcriptional signatures and enrichment of biological processes unique to individual OPC populations. We have validated these OPC populations using multiple methods, including multiplex RNA in situ hybridization and RNA flow cytometry. This study provides an important resource that profiles the transcriptome of adult OPCs and will provide a toolbox for further investigation into novel OPC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Beiter
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Courtney Rivet-Noor
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Andrea R Merchak
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robin Bai
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David M Johanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Erica Slogar
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Genome Analysis and Technology Core, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Christopher C Overall
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Alban Gaultier
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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28
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Bourget C, Adams KV, Morshead CM. Reduced microglia activation following metformin administration or microglia ablation is sufficient to prevent functional deficits in a mouse model of neonatal stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:146. [PMID: 35705953 PMCID: PMC9199194 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal stroke is a devastating insult that can lead to life-long impairments. In response to hypoxic–ischaemic injury, there is loss of neurons and glia as well as a neuroinflammatory response mediated by resident immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, which can exacerbate damage. Administration of the antidiabetic drug metformin has been shown to improve functional outcomes in preclinical models of brain injury and the cellular basis for metformin-mediated recovery is unknown. Given metformin’s demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated its role in regulating the microglia activation and used a microglia ablation strategy to investigate the microglia-mediated outcomes in a mouse model of neonatal stroke. Methods Hypoxia-ischaemia (H-I) was performed on post-natal day 8. Metformin was administered for one week, starting one day after injury. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the spatiotemporal response of microglia and astrocytes after hypoxia-ischaemia, with or without metformin treatment. To evaluate the effects of microglia depletion after hypoxia-ischaemia, we delivered Plexxikon 5622 for 1 or 2 weeks post-injury. The regional pattern of microglia and astrocyte depletion was assessed through immunohistochemistry. Motor behaviour was assessed with the righting reflex, hindlimb suspension, grip strength and cylinder tests. Results Herein, we revealed a spatiotemporally regulated response of microglia and astrocytes after hypoxia-ischaemia. Metformin treatment after hypoxia-ischaemia had no effect on microglia number and proliferation, but significantly reduced microglia activation in all regions examined, concomitant with improved behavioural outcomes in injured mice. Plexxikon 5622 treatment successfully ablated microglia, resulting in a > 90% depletion in microglia in the neonatal brain. Microglia rapidly repopulated upon treatment cessation of Plexxikon. Most interesting, microglia ablation was sufficient to reduce functional deficits after hypoxia-ischaemia, mimicking the effects of 1 week of metformin treatment post-injury. Conclusion These results highlight the importance of regulating the neuroinflammatory response after neonatal stroke to promote recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02487-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bourget
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 1006, Toronto, ON, M5S3E1, Canada. .,Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S1A8, Canada. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S3E1, Canada.
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29
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Ardalan M, Chumak T, Quist A, Jabbari Shiadeh SM, Mallard AJ, Rafati AH, Mallard C. Sex dependent glio-vascular interface abnormality in the hippocampus following postnatal immune activation in mice. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:320-330. [PMID: 35705008 PMCID: PMC9533445 DOI: 10.1159/000525478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuro-gliovascular unit is a crucial structure for providing a balanced well-functioning environment for neurons and their synapses. Activation of the immune system during the developmental period is believed to affect the gliovascular unit, which may trigger neurodevelopmental and neurological/neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that vulnerability of the male brain to a neonatal insult was conditioned by sex-dependent differences in the impairment of the hippocampal gliovascular unit. Male and female C57BL/6J pups received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal day (P) 5. Brains were collected at P12 and morphological quantifications of hippocampal fibrillary glial acid protein (GFAP<sup>+</sup>) astrocytes and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 protein (Iba1+) microglia were performed by using 3-D image analysis together with measuring the length of CD31<sup>+</sup> and aquaporin-4 (AQP4<sup>+</sup>) vessels. We found a significant increase in the length of CD31<sup>+</sup> capillaries in the male LPS group compared to the saline group; however, coverage of capillaries by astrocytic end-feet (AQP4<sup>+</sup>) was significantly reduced. In contrast, there was a significant increase in AQP4<sup>+</sup> capillary length in female pups 1 week after LPS injection. GFAP<sup>+</sup> astrocytes via morphological changes in the hippocampus showed significant enhancement in the activity 1 week following LPS injection in male mice. We propose that neonatal inflammation could induce susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders through modification of hippocampal gliovascular interface in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Maryam Ardalan,
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Quist
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna-Jean Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Hoseinpoor Rafati
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Fernández-Espejo E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Gavito AL, Córdoba-Fernández A, Chacón J, Martín de Pablos Á. Myeloperoxidase and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Women and Men with Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061088. [PMID: 35739985 PMCID: PMC9219636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and advanced oxidation protein products, or AOPP (a type of MPO-derived chlorinated adducts), have been implicated in Parkinson´s disease (PD). Human MPO also show sex-based differences in PD. The objective was to study the relationship of MPO and AOPP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with motor features of idiopathic PD in male and female patients. Methods: MPO concentration and activity and AOPP content were measured in the CSF and serum in 34 patients and 30 controls. CSF leukocytes and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier were evaluated. Correlations of MPO and AOPP with clinical variables were examined. Results: The blood-brain barrier was intact and CSF leukocyte count was normal in all patients. CSF MPO concentration and activity were similar in the cohort of patients and controls, but CSF MPO content was significantly higher in male patients than in PD women (p = 0.0084). CSF MPO concentration correlated with disease duration in male and female patients (p < 0.01). CSF MPO concentration was significantly higher in men with disease duration ≥12 years versus the remainder of the male subjects (p < 0.01). Changes in CSF MPO in women were not significant. Serum MPO concentration and activity were significantly higher in all PD patients relative to controls (p < 0.0001). CSF MPO was not correlated with serum MPO. Serum AOPP were detected in all patients, but CSF AOPP was undetectable in 53% of patients. AOPP were not quantifiable in controls. Conclusions: CSF MPO is not a good biomarker for PD because mean CSF MPO concentration and activity are not different between the cohort of patients and controls. CSF MPO concentration positively correlated with disease duration in men and women, but CSF MPO is significantly enhanced only in male patients with disease duration longer than 12 years. It can be hypothesized that the MPO-related immune response in early-stage PD might be weak in all patients, but then the MPO-related immune response is progressively enhanced in men, not women. Since the blood-brain barrier is intact, and CSF MPO is not correlated with serum MPO, CSF myeloperoxidase would reflect MPO content in brain cells, not blood-derived cells. Finally, serum AOPP was detected in all patients, but not controls, which is consistent with the occurrence of chlorinative stress in blood serum in PD. The study of CSF AOPP as biomarker could not be assessed because the ELISA assay was hampered by its detection limit in the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Fernández-Espejo
- Reial Acadèmia de Medicina de Catalunya, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.F.-E.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-95-4184712 (E.F.-E.); +34-95-2614012 (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.F.-E.); (F.R.d.F.); Tel.: +34-95-4184712 (E.F.-E.); +34-95-2614012 (F.R.d.F.)
| | - Ana Luisa Gavito
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | | | - José Chacón
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Quirónsalud Infanta Luisa, 41010 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Ángel Martín de Pablos
- Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Unidad de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Macarena, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
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Critical Role of Maternal Selenium Nutrition in Neurodevelopment: Effects on Offspring Behavior and Neuroinflammatory Profile. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091850. [PMID: 35565817 PMCID: PMC9104078 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in both animals and humans shows that some nutrients are important in pregnancy and during the first years of life to support brain and cognitive development. Our aim was to evaluate the role of selenium (Se) in supporting brain and behavioral plasticity and maturation. Pregnant and lactating female rats and their offspring up to postnatal day 40 were fed isocaloric diets differing in Se content—i.e., optimal, sub-optimal, and deficient—and neurodevelopmental, neuroinflammatory, and anti-oxidant markers were analyzed. We observed early adverse behavioral changes in juvenile rats only in sub-optimal offspring. In addition, sub-optimal, more than deficient supply, reduced basal glial reactivity in sex dimorphic and brain-area specific fashion. In female offspring, deficient and sub-optimal diets reduced the antioxidant Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the cortex and in the liver, the latter being the key organ regulating Se metabolism and homeostasis. The finding that the Se sub-optimal was more detrimental than Se deficient diet may suggest that maternal Se deficient diet, leading to a lower Se supply at earlier stages of fetal development, stimulated homeostatic mechanisms in the offspring that were not initiated by sub-optimal Se. Our observations demonstrate that even moderate Se deficiency during early life negatively may affect, in a sex-specific manner, optimal brain development.
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Shireman JM, Ammanuel S, Eickhoff JC, Dey M. Sexual dimorphism of the immune system predicts clinical outcomes in glioblastoma immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac082. [PMID: 35821678 PMCID: PMC9268746 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological differences based on sex have been documented throughout the scientific literature. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, has a male sex incidence bias, however, no clinical trial data examining differential effects of treatment between sexes currently exists. Method We analyzed genomic data, as well as clinical trials, to delineate the effect of sex on the immune system and GBM outcome following immunotherapy. Results We found that in general females possess enriched immunological signatures on gene set enrichment analysis, which also stratified patient survival when delineated by sex. Female GBM patients treated with immunotherapy had a statistically significant survival advantage at the 1-year compared to males (relative risk [RR] = 1.15; P = .0241). This effect was even more pronounced in vaccine-based immunotherapy (RR = 1.29; P = .0158). Conclusions Our study shows a meaningful difference in the immunobiology between males and females that also influences the overall response to immunotherapy in the setting of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Shireman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Simon Ammanuel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jens C Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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33
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Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models for Studying Sex-Specific Differences in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:57-88. [PMID: 34921676 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is steadily increasing worldwide, and epidemiological studies strongly suggest that many of the diseases are sex-biased. It has long been suggested that biological sex differences are crucial for neurodegenerative diseases; however, how biological sex affects disease initiation, progression, and severity is not well-understood. Sex is a critical biological variable that should be taken into account in basic research, and this review aims to highlight the utility of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived models for studying sex-specific differences in neurodegenerative diseases, with advantages and limitations. In vitro systems utilizing species-specific, renewable, and physiologically relevant cell sources can provide powerful platforms for mechanistic studies, toxicity testings, and drug discovery. Matched healthy, patient-derived, and gene-corrected human iPSCs, from both sexes, can be utilized to generate neuronal and glial cell types affected by specific neurodegenerative diseases to study sex-specific differences in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) human culture systems. Such relatively simple and well-controlled systems can significantly contribute to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific differences, which can yield effective, and potentially sex-based strategies, against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Isenbrandt A, Morissette M, Bourque M, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Coulombe K, Soulet D, Di Paolo T. Effect of sex and gonadectomy on brain MPTP toxicity and response to dutasteride treatment in mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 201:108784. [PMID: 34555366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN); PD prevalence is higher in men, suggesting a role of sex hormones in neuroprotection. This study sought the effects of sex hormones in the brain in a mouse model of PD and modulation of steroid metabolism/synthesis with the 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride shown to protect 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) male mice. Male and female mice were gonadectomized (GDX) or SHAM operated. They were treated with vehicle or dutasteride (5 mg/kg) for 10 days and administered a low dose of MPTP (5.5 mg/kg) or saline on the 5th day to model early PD; brains were collected thereafter. Striatal measures of the active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) contents showed no difference supporting an effect of the experimental conditions investigated. In SHAM MPTP male mice loss of striatal DA and metabolites, DA transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) specific binding in the striatum and SN was prevented by dutasteride treatment; these changes were inversely correlated with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, an astrogliosis marker) levels. In SHAM female mice MPTP treatment had little or no effect on striatal and SN DA markers and GFAP levels whereas GDX male and female mice showed a similar loss of striatal DA markers and increase of GFAP. No effect of dutasteride treatment was observed in GDX male and female mice. In conclusion, sex differences in mice MPTP toxicity and response to dutasteride were observed that were lost upon gonadectomy implicating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Isenbrandt
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc Morissette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Bourque
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, (Québec), G1V4G2, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, (Québec) G1V 0A6, Canada.
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35
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Bottenfield KR, Bowley BGE, Pessina MA, Medalla M, Rosene DL, Moore TL. Sex differences in recovery of motor function in a rhesus monkey model of cortical injury. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 34627376 PMCID: PMC8502310 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-021-00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke disproportionately affects men and women, with women over 65 years experiencing increased severity of impairment and higher mortality rates than men. Human studies have explored risk factors that contribute to these differences, but additional research is needed to investigate how sex differences affect functional recovery and hence the severity of impairment. In the present study, we used our rhesus monkey model of cortical injury and fine motor impairment to compare sex differences in the rate and degree of motor recovery following this injury. METHODS Aged male and female rhesus monkeys were trained on a task of fine motor function of the hand before undergoing surgery to produce a cortical lesion limited to the hand area representation of the primary motor cortex. Post-operative testing began two weeks after the surgery and continued for 12 weeks. All trials were video recorded and latency to retrieve a reward was quantitatively measured to assess the trajectory of post-operative response latency and grasp pattern compared to pre-operative levels. RESULTS Postmortem analysis showed no differences in lesion volume between male and female monkeys. However, female monkeys returned to their pre-operative latency and grasp patterns significantly faster than males. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the need for additional studies to further investigate the role of estrogens and other sex hormones that may differentially affect recovery outcomes in the primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Bottenfield
- Dept. of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Bethany G E Bowley
- Dept. of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Monica A Pessina
- Dept. of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Dept. of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Dept. of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Dept. of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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36
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Blank N, Mayer M, Mass E. The development and physiological and pathophysiological functions of resident macrophages and glial cells. Adv Immunol 2021; 151:1-47. [PMID: 34656287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past, brain function and the onset and progression of neurological diseases have been studied in a neuron-centric manner. However, in recent years the focus of many neuroscientists has shifted to other cell types that promote neurodevelopment and contribute to the functionality of neuronal networks in health and disease. Particularly microglia and astrocytes have been implicated in actively contributing to and controlling neuronal development, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the development of brain-resident macrophages and astrocytes and their core functions in the developing brain. We discuss their contribution and intercellular crosstalk during tissue homeostasis and pathophysiology. We argue that in-depth knowledge of non-neuronal cells in the brain could provide novel therapeutic targets to reverse or contain neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Blank
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marina Mayer
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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37
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Posillico CK. Three's Company: Neuroimmune activation, sex, and memory at the tripartite synapse. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100326. [PMID: 34589812 PMCID: PMC8474433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroimmune system is required for normal cognitive functions such as learning and memory in addition to its critical role in detecting and responding to invading pathogens and injury. Understanding the functional convergence of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia at the synapse, particularly in the hippocampus, is key to understanding the nuances of such diverse roles. In the healthy brain, communication between all three cells is important for regulating neuronal activation and synaptic plasticity mechanisms, and during neuroinflammation, the activity and functions of all three cells can produce and be modulated by inflammatory cytokines. An important remaining component to this system is the conclusive evidence of sex differences in hippocampal plasticity mechanisms, hormone modulation of synaptic plasticity, functional properties of hippocampal neurons, and in neuroimmune activation. Sex as a biological variable here is necessary to consider given sex differences in the prevalence of memory-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder, both of which present with neuroimmune dysregulation. To make meaningful progress towards a deeper understanding of sex biases in memory-related disease prevalence, I propose that the next chapter of psychoneuroimmune research must focus on the signal integration and transduction at the synapse between experience-dependent plasticity mechanisms, neuroimmune activation, and the influence of biological sex.
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38
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Spichak S, Donoso F, Moloney GM, Gunnigle E, Brown JM, Codagnone M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Microbially-derived short-chain fatty acids impact astrocyte gene expression in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100318. [PMID: 34589808 PMCID: PMC8474187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations in neuroscience implicate the role of microbial-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in brain health and disease. The SCFAs acetate, propionate and butyrate have pleiotropic effects within the nervous system. They are crucial for the maturation of the brain's innate immune cells, the microglia, and modulate other glial cells through the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor. Investigations in preclinical and clinical models find that SCFAs exert neuroprotective and antidepressant affects, while also modulating the stress response and satiety. However, many investigations thus far have not assessed the impact of sex on SCFA activity. Our novel investigation tested the impact of physiologically relevant doses of SCFAs on male and female primary cortical astrocytes. We find that butyrate (0–25 μM) correlates with increased Bdnf and Pgc1-α expression, implicating histone-deacetylase inhibitor pathways. Intriguingly, this effect is only seen in females. We also find that acetate (0–1500 μM) correlates with increased Ahr and Gfap expression in males only, suggesting immune modulatory pathways. In males, propionate (0–35 μM) correlates with increased Il-22 expression, further suggesting immunomodulatory actions. These findings show a novel sex-dependent impact of acetate and butyrate, but not propionate on astrocyte gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Spichak
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francisco Donoso
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Gunnigle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jillian M Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Martin Codagnone
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Posillico CK, Garcia-Hernandez RE, Tronson NC. Sex differences and similarities in the neuroimmune response to central administration of poly I:C. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:193. [PMID: 34488804 PMCID: PMC8418962 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroimmune system is required for normal neural processes, including modulation of cognition, emotion, and adaptive behaviors. Aberrant neuroimmune activation is associated with dysregulation of memory and emotion, though the precise mechanisms at play are complex and highly context dependent. Sex differences in neuroimmune activation and function further complicate our understanding of its roles in cognitive and affective regulation. METHODS Here, we characterized the physiological sickness and inflammatory response of the hippocampus following intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of a synthetic viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), in both male and female C57Bl/6N mice. RESULTS We observed that poly I:C induced weight loss, fever, and elevations of cytokine and chemokines in the hippocampus of both sexes. Specifically, we found transient increases in gene expression and protein levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNFα, CCL2, and CXCL10, where males showed a greater magnitude of response compared with females. Only males showed increased IFNα and IFNγ in response to poly I:C, whereas both males and females exhibited elevations of IFNβ, demonstrating a specific sex difference in the anti-viral response in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that type I interferons are one potential node mediating sex-specific cytokine responses and neuroimmune effects on cognition. Together, these findings highlight the importance of using both males and females and analyzing a broad set of inflammatory markers in order to identify the precise, sex-specific roles for neuroimmune dysregulation in neurological diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin K Posillico
- Psychology Department, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Natalie C Tronson
- Psychology Department, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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40
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Sex-dependent effects of amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in the SOD1-G37R transgenic mouse model of MND. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6605-6630. [PMID: 34476545 PMCID: PMC8558206 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Motor neurone disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive destruction of motor neurons, muscle paralysis and death. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is highly expressed in the central nervous system and has been shown to modulate disease outcomes in MND. APP is part of a gene family that includes the amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) and 2 (APLP2) genes. In the present study, we investigated the role of APLP2 in MND through the examination of human spinal cord tissue and by crossing APLP2 knockout mice with the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G37R) transgenic mouse model of MND. We found the expression of APLP2 is elevated in the spinal cord from human cases of MND and that this feature of the human disease is reproduced in SOD1-G37R mice at the End-stage of their MND-like phenotype progression. APLP2 deletion in SOD1-G37R mice significantly delayed disease progression and increased the survival of female SOD1-G37R mice. Molecular and biochemical analysis showed female SOD1-G37R:APLP2-/- mice displayed improved innervation of the neuromuscular junction, ameliorated atrophy of muscle fibres with increased APP protein expression levels in the gastrocnemius muscle. These results indicate a sex-dependent role for APLP2 in mutant SOD1-mediated MND and further support the APP family as a potential target for further investigation into the cause and regulation of MND.
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41
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Nasser SA, Afify EA, Kobeissy F, Hamam B, Eid AH, El-Mas MM. Inflammatory Basis of Atherosclerosis: Modulation by Sex Hormones. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2099-2111. [PMID: 33480335 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210122142811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Several lines of evidence are supportive of the contributory role of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. Diverse immune cell types, including monocytes/macrophages, T-cells and neutrophils, as well as specialized proresolving lipid mediators, have been successfully characterized as key players in vascular inflammation. The increased prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD in men in comparison to age-matched premenopausal women and the abolition of sex differences in prevalence during menopause strongly suggest a pivotal role of sex hormones in the development of CVD. Indeed, many animal and human studies conclusively implicate sex hormones as a crucial component in driving the immune response. This is further corroborated by the effective identification of sex hormone receptors in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a cellular communication between sex hormones and vascular or immune cells underlying the vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of vascular inflammation as a causal cue underlying atherosclerotic CVDs within the context of the modulatory effects of sex hormones. Moreover, the cellular and molecular signaling pathways underlying the sex hormones- immune system interactions as potential culprits for vascular inflammation are highlighted with detailed and critical discussion. Finally, the review concludes by speculations on the potential sex-related efficacy of currently available immunotherapies in mitigating vascular inflammation. Conceivably, a deeper understanding of the immunoregulatory influence of sex hormones on vascular inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis permits sex-based management of atherosclerosis-related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Nasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elham A Afify
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Hamam
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, P.O. Box 146404, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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42
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Barisano G, Sheikh-Bahaei N, Law M, Toga AW, Sepehrband F. Body mass index, time of day and genetics affect perivascular spaces in the white matter. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1563-1578. [PMID: 33183133 PMCID: PMC8221772 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20972856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to explore in vivo their contributions to neurological disorders. To date the normal amount and distribution of PVS in healthy human brains are not known, thus hampering our ability to define with confidence pathogenic alterations. Furthermore, it is unclear which biological factors can influence the presence and size of PVS on MRI. We performed exploratory data analysis of PVS volume and distribution in a large population of healthy individuals (n = 897, age = 28.8 ± 3.7). Here we describe the global and regional amount of PVS in the white matter, which can be used as a reference for clinicians and researchers investigating PVS and may help the interpretation of the structural changes affecting PVS in pathological states. We found a relatively high inter-subject variability in the PVS amount in this population of healthy adults (range: 1.31-14.49 cm3). The PVS volume was higher in older and male individuals. Moreover, we identified body mass index, time of day, and genetics as new elements significantly affecting PVS in vivo under physiological conditions, offering a valuable foundation to future studies aimed at understanding the physiology of perivascular flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Barisano
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, Keck Hospital of USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng Law
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck Hospital of USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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43
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Breach MR, Dye CN, Joshi A, Platko S, Gilfarb RA, Krug AR, Franceschelli DV, Galan A, Dodson CM, Lenz KM. Maternal allergic inflammation in rats impacts the offspring perinatal neuroimmune milieu and the development of social play, locomotor behavior, and cognitive flexibility. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 95:269-286. [PMID: 33798637 PMCID: PMC8187275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal systemic inflammation increases risk for neurodevelopmental disorders like autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia in offspring. Notably, these disorders are male-biased. Studies have implicated immune system dysfunction in the etiology of these disorders, and rodent models of maternal immune activation provide useful tools to examine mechanisms of sex-dependent effects on brain development, immunity, and behavior. Here, we employed an allergen-induced model of maternal inflammation in rats to characterize levels of mast cells and microglia in the perinatal period in male and female offspring, as well as social, emotional, and cognitive behaviors throughout the lifespan. Adult female rats were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA), bred, and challenged intranasally on gestational day 15 of pregnancy with OVA or saline. Allergic inflammation upregulated microglia in the fetal brain, increased mast cell number in the hippocampus on the day of birth, and conferred region-, time- and sex- specific changes in microglia measures. Additionally, offspring of OVA-exposed mothers subsequently exhibited abnormal social behavior, hyperlocomotion, and reduced cognitive flexibility. These data demonstrate the long-term effects of maternal allergic challenge on offspring development and provide a basis for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders linked to maternal systemic inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R. Breach
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Courtney N. Dye
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aarohi Joshi
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven Platko
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel A. Gilfarb
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Annemarie R. Krug
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Anabel Galan
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Claire M. Dodson
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Lenz
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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44
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Quave CB, Nieto SJ, Haile CN, Kosten TA. Immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 contributes to stress-induced affective responses in a sex-specific manner. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 14:100248. [PMID: 34589759 PMCID: PMC8474610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress activates innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and enhances susceptibility to depression, a condition that is more prevalent in females. The TLR4 receptor type is involved in inflammatory responses and its expression levels associate with depressive symptoms and their successful treatment. Yet, little preclinical research has examined the role of TLR4 in stress-induced affective responses to determine if these are sex-specific. One group per genotype of male and female Tlr4 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) rats were exposed to predator odor in a place conditioning apparatus with others exposed to saline. Affective behaviors evaluated included distance traveled and center time in an open-field apparatus, sucrose preference and fluid intake in a two-bottle test, and conditioned place aversion to the odor-paired compartment. Predator odor exposed rats showed conditioned place aversion to the odor-paired compartment, demonstrating predator odor was aversive. Such exposure led to anhedonia (decreased sucrose preference) across genotypes and sex. Predator odor exposure decreased distance traveled, an effect that was greater in KO rats, especially in females. Tlr4 deletion also resulted in sex-specific effects on anxiety-like behavior. Compared to WTs, female KO rats showed lower center time after predator odor exposure whereas genotype did not affect this response in male rats. Across litters, fewer male KO and heterozygous rats and more WT rats were born whereas female rats showed the typical genotype distribution. Results suggest predator odor alters affective behaviors, consistent with the preclinical literature, and deletion of Tlr4 enhances some stress-induced affective responses, often in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cana B. Quave
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | - Steven J. Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | - Colin N. Haile
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
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45
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Hodges SL, Womble PD, Kwok EM, Darner AM, Senger SS, Binder MS, Faust AM, Condon SM, Nolan SO, Quintero SI, Lugo JN. Rapamycin, but not minocycline, significantly alters ultrasonic vocalization behavior in C57BL/6J pups in a flurothyl seizure model. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113317. [PMID: 33910029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, with individuals having an increased susceptibility of seizures in the first few years of life, making children at risk of developing a multitude of cognitive and behavioral comorbidities throughout development. The present study examined the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activity and neuroinflammatory signaling in the development of autistic-like behavior following seizures in the neonatal period. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered 3 flurothyl seizures on postnatal (PD) 10, followed by administration of minocycline, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, or a combined treatment of both therapeutics. On PD12, isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of mice were examined to determine the impact of seizures and treatment on communicative behaviors, a component of the autistic-like phenotype. Seizures on PD10 increased the quantity of USVs in female mice and reduced the amount of complex call types emitted in males compared to controls. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin significantly reduced the quantity and duration of USVs in both sexes. Changes in USVs were associated with increases in mTOR and astrocyte levels in male mice, however, three PD10 seizures did not result in enhanced proinflammatory cytokine expression in either sex. Beyond inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin, both therapeutics did not demonstrate beneficial effects. These findings emphasize the importance of differences that may exist across preclinical seizure models, as three flurothyl seizures did not induce as drastic of changes in mTOR activity or inflammation as observed in other rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Hodges
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
| | - Paige D Womble
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Eliesse M Kwok
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Alyssa M Darner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Savannah S Senger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Matthew S Binder
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Amanda M Faust
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Siena M Condon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Saul I Quintero
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Joaquin N Lugo
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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46
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Chowen JA, Garcia-Segura LM. Role of glial cells in the generation of sex differences in neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111473. [PMID: 33766745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diseases and aging-associated alterations of the nervous system often show sex-specific characteristics. Glial cells play a major role in the endogenous homeostatic response of neural tissue, and sex differences in the glial transcriptome and function have been described. Therefore, the possible role of these cells in the generation of sex differences in pathological alterations of the nervous system is reviewed here. Studies have shown that glia react to pathological insults with sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative effects. At least three factors determine this sex-specific response of glia: sex chromosome genes, gonadal hormones and neuroactive steroid hormone metabolites. The sex chromosome complement determines differences in the transcriptional responses in glia after brain injury, while gonadal hormones and their metabolites activate sex-specific neuroprotective mechanisms in these cells. Since the sex-specific neuroprotective and regenerative activity of glial cells causes sex differences in the pathological alterations of the nervous system, glia may represent a relevant target for sex-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Lennol MP, Canelles S, Guerra-Cantera S, Argente J, García-Segura LM, de Ceballos ML, Chowen JA, Frago LM. Amyloid-β 1-40 differentially stimulates proliferation, activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in male and female hippocampal astrocyte cultures. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111462. [PMID: 33609535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and has a higher incidence in women. The main component of the senile plaques characteristic of AD is amyloid-beta (Aβ), with surrounding astrocytes contributing to the degenerative process. We hypothesized that the sex difference in the incidence of AD could be partially due to differential astrocytic responses to Aβ. Thus, the effect of Aβ1-40 on cell viability, the inflammatory response, and oxidative status was studied in cultures of hippocampal astrocytes from male and female rats. Aβ1-40 increased astrocyte viability in both female and male cultures by activating proliferation and survival pathways. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses were induced in astrocytes from both sexes. Aβ1-40 did not affect endoplasmic reticulum stress although it induced oxidative stress in male and female astrocytes. Interestingly, male astrocytes had an increase in cell number and significantly lower cell death in response to Aβ1-40. Conversely, astrocytes from females displayed a greater inflammatory response after the Aβ1-40 challenge. These results suggest that the inflammatory and oxidative environment induced by Aβ1-40 in female astrocytes may contribute to enhance the vulnerability to AD and warrants further studies to unveil the mechanisms underlying sex differences in astrocytic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Lennol
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco 8, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain; CIBER de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - María L de Ceballos
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid, 28002, Spain; CIBER de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Cantoblanco 8, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Paediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Av. Menéndez Pelayo, 65, Madrid, 28009, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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48
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Biechele G, Franzmeier N, Blume T, Ewers M, Luque JM, Eckenweber F, Sacher C, Beyer L, Ruch-Rubinstein F, Lindner S, Gildehaus FJ, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Cumming P, Bartenstein P, Rominger A, Höglinger GU, Herms J, Brendel M. Glial activation is moderated by sex in response to amyloidosis but not to tau pathology in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:374. [PMID: 33317543 PMCID: PMC7737385 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo assessment of neuroinflammation by 18-kDa translocator protein positron-emission-tomography (TSPO-PET) ligands receives growing interest in preclinical and clinical research of neurodegenerative disorders. Higher TSPO-PET binding as a surrogate for microglial activation in females has been reported for cognitively normal humans, but such effects have not yet been evaluated in rodent models of neurodegeneration and their controls. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of sex on microglial activation in amyloid and tau mouse models and wild-type controls. Methods TSPO-PET (18F-GE-180) data of C57Bl/6 (wild-type), AppNL-G-F (β-amyloid model), and P301S (tau model) mice was assessed longitudinally between 2 and 12 months of age. The AppNL-G-F group also underwent longitudinal β-amyloid-PET imaging (Aβ-PET; 18F-florbetaben). PET results were confirmed and validated by immunohistochemical investigation of microglial (Iba-1, CD68), astrocytic (GFAP), and tau (AT8) markers. Findings in cerebral cortex were compared by sex using linear mixed models for PET data and analysis of variance for immunohistochemistry. Results Wild-type mice showed an increased TSPO-PET signal over time (female +23%, male +4%), with a significant sex × age interaction (T = − 4.171, p < 0.001). The Aβ model AppNL-G-F mice also showed a significant sex × age interaction (T = − 2.953, p = 0.0048), where cortical TSPO-PET values increased by 31% in female AppNL-G-F mice, versus only 6% in the male mice group from 2.5 to 10 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for the microglial markers Iba-1 and CD68 confirmed the TSPO-PET findings in male and female mice aged 10 months. Aβ-PET in the same AppNL-G-F mice indicated no significant sex × age interaction (T = 0.425, p = 0.673). The P301S tau model showed strong cortical increases of TSPO-PET from 2 to 8.5 months of age (female + 32%, male + 36%), without any significant sex × age interaction (T = − 0.671, p = 0.504), and no sex differences in Iba-1, CD68, or AT8 immunohistochemistry. Conclusion Female mice indicate sex-dependent microglia activation in aging and in response to amyloidosis but not in response to tau pathology. This calls for consideration of sex difference in TSPO-PET studies of microglial activation in mouse models of neurodegeneration and by extension in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Biechele
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Medina Luque
- DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Francois Ruch-Rubinstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara von Ungern-Sternberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center of Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Marchioninstraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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49
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Klement W, Oliviero F, Gangarossa G, Zub E, De Bock F, Forner-Piquer I, Blaquiere M, Lasserre F, Pascussi JM, Maurice T, Audinat E, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Mselli-Lakhal L, Marchi N. Life-long Dietary Pesticide Cocktail Induces Astrogliosis Along with Behavioral Adaptations and Activates p450 Metabolic Pathways. Neuroscience 2020; 446:225-237. [PMID: 32736067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants is a public health concern. However, pre-clinical studies that examine the impact of pesticides at low-dose and the long-term consequences are uncommon. Here, C57BL6/j male and female mice were daily fed from weaning and up to 12 months, corresponding to early-childhood into middle-age in humans, using chow pellets containing a cocktail of pesticides at tolerable daily intake levels. We found that 12 months of dietary exposure to pesticides was associated with a moderate perenchymal or perivascular astrogliosis in specific hippocampal sub-regions. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta was modified at the perivascular level. Examination of Iba1+ microglial cells did not reveal sizeable changes. Concomitantly to astrogliosis, spontaneous spatial memory and sociability were modified in males at 12 months of dietary exposure to pesticides. Telemetry electrocorticograhic explorations ruled out the presence of epileptiform activity or theta-gamma wave modifications in these conditions. Long-term pesticides impacted the periphery where the hepatic P450 metabolic cytochromes Cyp4a14 and Cyp4a10 were significantly upregulated in male and female mice during the 12 months of exposure. The expression of β-oxidation genes, such as Acox1, Cpt1a and Eci, was also significantly increased in male and female mice in response to pesticides. Collectively, our results indicate that a life-long exposure to a pesticide cocktail elicits sex-dependent, spatio-temporally restricted brain modifications and significant activation of P450 pathways in the periphery. These brain-peripheral adjustments are discussed as time or age-dependent vulnerability elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Klement
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Fabiana Oliviero
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emma Zub
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic De Bock
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Blaquiere
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Pascussi
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Laila Mselli-Lakhal
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France.
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Vergallo A, Lista S, Lemercier P, Chiesa PA, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Potier MC, Habert MO, Baldacci F, Cavedo E, Caraci F, Dubois B, Hampel H. Association of plasma YKL-40 with brain amyloid-β levels, memory performance, and sex in subjective memory complainers. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:22-32. [PMID: 32920471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a key early pathomechanistic alteration of Alzheimer's disease, may represent either a detrimental or a compensatory mechanism or both (according to the disease stage). YKL-40, a glycoprotein highly expressed in differentiated glial cells, is a candidate biomarker for in vivo tracking neuroinflammation in humans. We performed a longitudinal study in a monocentric cohort of cognitively healthy individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease exploring whether age, sex, and the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele affect plasma YKL-40 concentrations. We investigated whether YKL-40 is associated with brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, neuronal activity, and neurodegeneration as assessed via neuroimaging biomarkers. Finally, we investigated whether YKL-40 may predict cognitive performance. We found an age-associated increase of YKL-40 and observed that men display higher concentrations than women, indicating a potential sexual dimorphism. Moreover, YKL-40 was positively associated with memory performance and negatively associated with brain Aβ deposition (but not with metabolic signal). Consistent with translational studies, our results suggest a potentially protective effect of glia on incipient brain Aβ accumulation and neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Lemercier
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Patrizia A Chiesa
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France; Centre pour l'Acquisition et le Traitement des Images, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Nucléaire, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrica Cavedo
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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