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Alhamed A, Al-Zeer A, Alsaawi F, Alshaikh A, Alzaher A, Alkattan A, Alrasheed N, Sagor K, Alsalem E, Ibrahim M, Alfaleh A. Dental decay in children and the link to weight status: A cross-sectional analysis of national school health data. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:533-538. [PMID: 38690383 PMCID: PMC11056465 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent national reports have indicated an increasing trend of dental decay among school-aged children. National school-based data are required to guide decision-making to ensure effective public health efforts to manage dental decay. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental decay among school-age children in Saudi Arabia and explore the possible link between dental decay and weight status. This was a cross-sectional analysis of a national sample including 1,134,317 Saudi children in the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th grades who participated in a national school screening program. Data for weight, height, body mass index (BMI), dental decay prevalence, and decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index were analysed. An independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square test were used to compare the means, while Pearson's r correlation and multiple linear regression were used to examine the relationships between the study variables. The prevalence of dental decay was 24.20%, and dental decay was the highest among female students (26.5%), students in primary school (25.9%), students living in the eastern region (35.2%), in the administrative capital (27.6%), and in rural areas (23.4%). Dental decay was the highest among students who were underweight. Female sex and living in rural areas significantly predicted higher DMFT while being overweight/obese significantly predicted lower DMFT. Dental decay is highly prevalent among underweight students, female students, and students living in rural areas and the eastern regions of Saudi Arabia. To reduce the prevalence of dental decay and related health disparities, dental health screening programs should be designed to detect dental decay early among children at high risk due to abnormal BMIs and sociodemographic factors. In addition, dental health screening and management programs should utilize standardized dental decay assessment methods and ethnically representative growth charts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Alhamed
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Zeer
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Lean Business Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshaikh
- Lean Business Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alzaher
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkattan
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Alrasheed
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood Sagor
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Alsalem
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Ibrahim
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Community, Environment and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Amjad Alfaleh
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- General Authority of School Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Pizzi JF, Carrada CF, Zeferino MVDS, Doriguêtto PVT, Abreu LG, Scalioni FAR, Devito KL, Ribeiro RA. Overweight/obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e015. [PMID: 38477801 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to assess the association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children/adolescents. Searches were performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase and SciELO, Lilacs and Open Grey literature databases up to June 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies, the checklist for cohort studies, and the checklist for case-control studies were used. A total of 41 publications were included, and 15 meta-analyses were performed. The authors analyzed the differences in weighted mean difference (MD) and odds ratios (OR), and their corresponding confidence intervals (CI) (95%) for dental caries among eutrophic and obese and/or overweight children/adolescents. Meta-analyses showed that there was no association between overweight and/or obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children/adolescents for most anthropometric reference curves using BMI (Body Mass Index). A greater experience of dental caries was associated with well-nourished adolescents in permanent dentition, compared with obese individuals in the same dentition, as classified by the CDC 2000 curve (OR = 2.53, 95% CI;1.49-4.29; p = 0.0006; I2 = 0%) in dichotomous outcome studies, and (MD = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.08-1.15; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%) in continuous studies. The strength of the evidence of the results was classified as very low, low or moderate. It was concluded that there is no association between overweight and/or obesity and dental caries in Brazilian children/adolescents for most anthropometric reference curves using BMI. A greater experience of dental caries was associated with well-nourished adolescents in permanent dentition, compared with obese individuals in the same dentition, as classified by the CDC 2000 curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Faria Pizzi
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Faria Carrada
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde - Suprema, School of Dentistry, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Schoool of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health for Children and Adolescents, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Paediatric Dentistry; Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentristry, Department of Dental Clinic, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Almeida Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, School of Dentistry, Department of Social and Paediatric Dentistry; Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Esin K, Ballı-Akgöl B, Sözlü S, Kocaadam-Bozkurt B. Association between dental caries and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary intake, and body mass index in children. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:297. [PMID: 38431554 PMCID: PMC10909275 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with healthier nutritional status are less likely to develop severe caries than those with a high-sugar content diet. Studies evaluating dental caries and nutritional status in school-age children have generally focused on dietary intake, diet quality, or anthropometric measures, and the number of studies evaluating them together is limited. OBJECTIVE It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), dietary intake, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in school-age children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted with 300 healthy children (52.0% boys, 48.0% girls) aged between 6 and 12 years. The data collection forms included sociodemographic characteristics, oral health practices of children, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), and food consumption records. Anthropometric measurements (body weight and height) of the children were taken. Dental examinations were performed by a pediatric dentist. RESULTS While the DMFT mean score of the children was 1.7 ± 2.09, the mean dft score was 2.9 ± 3.29. The mean of KIDMED scores was 5.9 ± 3.32. DMFT and dft scores decreased statistically as maternal education increased (p < 0.05). DMFT and dft scores were not statistically different between BMI groups according to gender and age (p > 0.05). DMFT scores differed statistically between KIDMED groups (p < 0.05). This difference was between low-optimal and low-improvement-needed groups. While there was a low negative correlation (r=-0.169) between calcium intake and DMFT score, a low positive correlation was found between glucose (r = 0.172) and fructose (r = 0.149) intake and dft score (p < 0.05). In regression analysis, while the children's age related DMFT scores positively, maternal education and KIDMED scores related DMFT scores negatively. Also, children's age and maternal education related dft scores negatively. CONCLUSION In this study, adherence to the MD rather than nutrients was found to be important in dental caries. Also maternal education level was also found to be a determinant factor in dental caries in children. DMFT and dft did not differ between BMI groups.Further studies should be conducted to assess the impact of the MD on dental caries in children to develop dietary interventions for preventative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Esin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye.
| | - Beyza Ballı-Akgöl
- School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Saniye Sözlü
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Türkiye
| | - Betul Kocaadam-Bozkurt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
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Ridsdale L, Gilchrist F, Balmer RC, Skelton R, Sidebotham PD, Harris JC. British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: A policy document on dental neglect in children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:160-168. [PMID: 37749962 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry's (BSPD) first policy document on dental neglect was published online in 2009. It proposed a new original definition of dental neglect, discussed the identification of dental neglect and recommended adopting a tiered response, with three stages of intervention according to level of concern. Furthermore, it detailed how the dental team should both contribute to the child protection process and implement wider measures to safeguard and promote children's welfare. Since 2009, these concepts have been widely adopted in the UK and beyond. Furthermore, there have been significant advances in both research and practice. Policy documents produced by the BSPD represent a majority view, based on the consideration of currently available evidence, and are tailored to a UK working environment. Although this updated document's recommendations remain broadly unchanged, this version reflects the professions' progress in understanding dental neglect and minor updates to terminology and, following a consultation process, has been amended to address the needs of two main audiences-dental professionals and nondental health and social care professionals-in order to enhance interdisciplinary working.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Gilchrist
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Charles Clifford Dental Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Ruth Skelton
- Bradford District and Craven Health and Care Partnership, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Jenny C Harris
- Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Charles Clifford Dental Services, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Sadjadpour F, Hosseinichimeh N, Pahel BT, Metcalf SS. Systems mapping of multilevel factors contributing to dental caries in adolescents. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 4:1285347. [PMID: 38356905 PMCID: PMC10864617 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1285347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease among adolescents. Caries activity increases significantly during adolescence due to an increase in susceptible tooth surfaces, immature permanent tooth enamel, independence in pursuing self-care, and a tendency toward poor diet and oral hygiene. Dental caries in permanent teeth is more prevalent among adolescents in low-income families and racial/ethnic minority groups, and these disparities in adolescent dental caries experience have persisted for decades. Several conceptual and data-driven models have proposed unidirectional mechanisms that contribute to the extant disparities in adolescent dental caries experience. Our objective, using a literature review, is to provide an overview of risk factors contributing to adolescent dental caries. Specifically, we map the interactive relationships of multilevel factors that influence dental caries among adolescents. Such interactive multilevel relationships more closely reflect the complex nature of dental caries experience among the adolescent population. The methods that we use are two-fold: (1) a literature review using PubMed and Cochrane databases to find contributing factors; and (2) the system dynamics approach for mapping feedback mechanisms underlying adolescent dental caries through causal loop diagramming. The results of this study, based on the review of 138 articles, identified individual, family and community-level factors and their interactions contributing to dental caries experience in adolescents. Our results also provide hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying persistence of dental caries among adolescents. Conclusions Our findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the multilevel and interconnected factors that shape the persistence of dental caries experience among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Sadjadpour
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Niyousha Hosseinichimeh
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Bhavna T. Pahel
- Private Practice of Pediatric Dentistry in Easley and Anderson, Easley, SC, United States
| | - Sara S. Metcalf
- Department of Geography, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Schluter PJ, Hobbs M, Ahuriri-Driscoll A, Kokaua J, Singh S, Lee M. The pattern of association between early childhood caries and body mass index in pre-school children within Aotearoa | New Zealand: a national cross-sectional study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:1109-1117. [PMID: 36670541 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between childhood anthropometric measurements and dental caries has an inconsistent evidence-base. This study investigated dental caries experience and body mass index (BMI) measurements of children aged 4 years in a national cohort, after accounting for key confounding variables. METHODS A near whole-population cross-sectional study of children who had a health and developmental assessment, as part of the nationwide B4 School Check screening program, conducted in Aotearoa | New Zealand (ANZ) between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2021 was studied. The extracted database included 582 820 children, of whom 572 523 (98.2%) had valid BMI and oral health records. Dental caries experience was derived from the 'lift the lip' oral health screening, and measured height and weight were used to calculate sex-specific BMI-for-age z-scores (BMIz). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and area-level deprivation. Modified Poisson regression models using 2-degree fractional polynomial curves for BMIz were employed. RESULTS In the extracted sample, the median age was 4.3 years (interquartile range: 4.1-4.5 years), 283 565 (48.7%) were female, 135 734 (23.4%) and 74 237 (12.8%) were identified as Māori and Pacific, respectively, and 140 931 (24.4%) lived in the most deprived areas of ANZ. Overall, 81 926 (14.2%) had dental caries identified. In unadjusted analyses, a significant J-shaped association was observed between dental caries experience and BMIz. However, in the adjusted analysis, a significant flattened S-shaped association was found; those with lower BMIz had lower predicted probabilities of dental caries experience. Large differences in predicted probabilities were observed between different sex, ethnicity and area-level deprivation groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found significant non-linear associations between dental caries experience and BMI in 4-year-old children. However, the inclusion of confounders importantly changed the shape of this non-linear association. Sex, ethnicity and area-level deprivation inequalities had a greater impact on dental caries experience than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Schluter
- Te Kaupeka Oranga, Faculty of Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- School of Clinical Medicine, Primary Care Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- Te Kaupeka Oranga, Faculty of Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- Te Taiwhenua o te Hauora, GeoHealth Laboratory, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Annabel Ahuriri-Driscoll
- Te Kaupeka Oranga, Faculty of Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Kokaua
- Va'a O Tautai-Centre for Pacific Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Sheetalpreet Singh
- Service Analysis and Modelling, Evidence, Research and Analytics, Evidence Research and Innovation, Ministry of Health, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Martin Lee
- Community Dental Service, Te Whatu Ora, Health New Zealand, Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Fernandes TDO, Carvalho PA, Abreu FVD, Kirschneck C, Küchler EC, Antunes LS, Antunes LAA. Association between nutritional status and children and adolescents' dental caries experiences: an overview of systematic reviews. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230138. [PMID: 37792809 PMCID: PMC10561963 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of systematic reviews (SR) has investigated the association between dental caries and nutritional status in children and adolescents, thus requiring an overview to compile the information in a single piece of evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and summarize evidence from published SR on the association between dental caries and nutritional status in children and adolescents. A wide search was conducted on May 29, 2023, in six databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, and the Virtual Health Library - VHL). An additional search was performed in the gray literature (Open grey and Google Scholar), SR registration databases, and the list of references of the included SR. Our inclusion criteria were based on acronym PECOS. Overall, two reviewers independently extracted the data, evaluated the risk of bias (ROBIS), and assessed the quality of the chosen studies (AMSTAR-2). Data from the included meta-analysis were summarized and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach was performed. After removing duplicates and applying our eligibility criteria, 19 SR from 2006-2022 were included. We found that 17 SR showed high risk of bias and critically low methodological quality. We observed an association between dental caries experiences and nutritional status since seven SR found an association between obesity/overweight and dental caries; one, an association between underweight and dental caries; and eleven, no associations. The meta-analysis showed divergent results according to the study designs, used indices, and participants' age group, and were scored as having a very low certainty of evidence. Therefore, based on the high risk of bias, low methodological quality, and very low certainty of evidence of the chosen SR, most studies found no association between children and adolescents' nutritional status and dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís de Oliveira Fernandes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Programa de pós-graduação em odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Arriaga Carvalho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de pós-graduação em Odontologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Volpe de Abreu
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Programa de pós-graduação em odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Programa de pós-graduação em odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de pós-graduação em Odontologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lívia Azeredo Alves Antunes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Programa de pós-graduação em odontologia, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Odontologia, Programa de pós-graduação em Odontologia, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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Kapil D, Saraf BG, Sheoran N, Srivastava P, Singh S, Singh R. To Assess the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Association with Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Habits, and Oral Hygiene among 6-12-year-old Children in Faridabad. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:626-632. [PMID: 37731802 PMCID: PMC10507296 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and the body mass index (BMI) in included school-going children. Moreover, to examine the relationship between the prevalence of dental caries, BMI, and socioeconomic (SES) status and to evaluate sugar consumption and other dietary habits as risk factors for dental caries. Materials and methods The present cross-sectional study was performed among 400 school-going children aged 6-12 years from Faridabad city, Haryana. Parents filled out questionnaires for their respective children. The clinical examination of dental caries was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) 1997. The BMI calculation was done by measuring height and weight. Statistical analysis The collected data were analyzed statistically using parametric and nonparametric tests. Results The prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was 95.5% and in permanent teeth was 47.3%, respectively. Conclusion This study displayed the positive correlation of dental caries to BMI, oral hygiene practices, beverages, aerated drinks, chips, candy, and tea/coffee. Whereas the SES status and dietary habits Jam group variable had no significance in relation to dental caries. How to cite this article Kapil D, Saraf BG, Sheoran N, et al. To Assess the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Association with Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic Status, Dietary Habits, and Oral Hygiene among 6-12-year-old Children in Faridabad. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):626-632.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Kapil
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhavna G Saraf
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Sheoran
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Awad M, Bani Issa W, Radwan H, Fakhry R, Al-Yateem N, Rossiter R. Association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in UAE: a pilot cross sectional study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1160428. [PMID: 37441619 PMCID: PMC10333752 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1160428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13-19 years old from private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t-tests were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) by age, sex, school type, mothers' employment, BMI categories, waist circumference, oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study. Results The average age of the participants was 16.2 ± 1.4 years old. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42% (N = 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% (N = 132) had average waist circumference and 18% (N = 29) with above average waist circumference. Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), (p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that, being a male, attending a public school and having average waist circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). Conclusion Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents in the UAE. Further research is required to investigate the complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between obesity and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Awad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wegdan Bani Issa
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa Fakhry
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel Rossiter
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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Issrani R, Reddy J, Bader AK, Albalawi RFH, Alserhani EDM, Alruwaili DSR, Alanazi GRA, Alruwaili NSR, Sghaireen MG, Rao K. Exploring an Association between Body Mass Index and Oral Health-A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050902. [PMID: 36900046 PMCID: PMC10000970 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual's frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. METHODOLOGY A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were "body mass index", "periodontitis", "dental caries", and "tooth loss". RESULTS In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were excluded. The main reasons for excluding the articles were: they were dietary guidelines and policy statements. A total of 66 studies were finally included in the review. CONCLUSION The presence of dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss may be associated with a higher BMI or obesity, whereas, improved oral health might be associated with lower BMI. Promoting general and oral health should be a hand in hand feature, as common risk factors can be embattled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jagat Reddy
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Alzarea K. Bader
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Ghazi Sghaireen
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Turton B, Sullivan S, Chher T, Hak S, Sokal-Gutierrez K, Wieringa F, Singh A. Caries Incidence Is Associated with Wasting among Cambodian Children. J Dent Res 2023; 102:157-163. [PMID: 36217721 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221126713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that dental caries is associated with chronic and acute malnutrition, manifested as stunting and wasting in children. However, studies have not always appropriately accounted for confounding factors or for the temporal ordering between exposure and outcome. This study examined relationships between the development of caries lesions with subsequent stunting and wasting outcomes using data from a population-based cohort in Cambodia. Caries incidence was assessed based on the presence of a new cavitated carious lesion or a new pulpally involved lesion across a 6-mo observation period. Anthropometric measurements were taken at regular intervals. Effects of carious lesions on stunting and wasting were assessed using inverse probability treatment weighting, adjusting for potential confounders, using z scores for height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) as outcomes. In total, 894 children (mean age 20 mo at baseline) were followed over 2 y. At baseline, 350 (39.1%) were identified as having stunting malnutrition. At follow-up, 58 (6.5%) had a new pulpally involved lesion. There was no association between incidence of cavitated or pulpally involved carious lesions at follow-up and stunting (relative risk [RR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 1.50). The incidence of pulpally involved carious lesions had an effect on wasting prevalence (WHZ <-2; RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.70, 2.62) and WHZ scores (average treatment effect = -0.294; 95% CI: -0.538, -0.050). This study offers evidence that the development of pulpally involved carious lesions has an effect on WHZ scores. Oral health promotion and clinical prevention and management of dental caries should be explored as interventions to promote normal growth and development among preschool children, particularly in low-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Turton
- University of Puthisastra and Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Chher
- Oral Health Bureau, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - S Hak
- Oral Health Bureau, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - F Wieringa
- UMR QualiSud (Université Montpellier, Université Avignon, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de la Réunion), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - A Singh
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Aoun E, Ballo L, Elhabony S, Arheiam A. Association between dental caries and obesity among Libyan schoolchildren during the armed conflict in Benghazi. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:44. [PMID: 36698113 PMCID: PMC9878869 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and Obesity in children are issues of public health concern. Even though researching the relationship between these two noncommunicable diseases has been conducted for many years, the results remain equivocal. This paper aimed to examine the association between dental caries and obesity among 12-year-old schoolchildren living in war-affected environment in Benghazi. METHODS A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of caries among 12-year-old school children in Benghazi in 2017 during the armed conflict that affected the city. The data extracted for the analysis included sociodemographic of the participants (gender, maternal education and school type), caries experience (DMFT index), and anthropometric measures (height in cm, weight in kg, BMI and Z score for BMI). Comparisons of anthropometric measures were conducted according to caries experience. Linear regression models were developed to determine the association between Body Mass Index and Z score as outcome variables, caries as an explanatory variable, and covariates (gender, maternal education and school type). Beta coefficient (β) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. All statistical tests were conducted at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS There were 782 children with a mean (SD) BMI of 20.7 SD5.09 and an average z (SD) score of 0.56 SD1.51. Also, 159 (20%) children had obesity. No significant association was observed between caries and anthropometric measures. However, higher BMI was observed in children from a private school (p ≤ 0.001***), females (p ≤ 0.001***) and self-reported regular sugary drinks consumers (p ≤ 0.001***). CONCLUSION The present study shows no significant association between dental caries and anthropometric measures. However, the study findings support the notion of tackling sugar intake as a common risk factor for caries and obesity, which should be encouraged in the Libyan culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Aoun
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Lamis Ballo
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Sara Elhabony
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- grid.411736.60000 0001 0668 6996Department of Dental Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
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13
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Does dental caries lead to stunting and wasting in children? Evid Based Dent 2022; 23:144-145. [PMID: 36526837 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Design This was a systematic review of the evidence on the impact of dental caries severity and prevalence on undernutrition (wasting and stunting) in children.Study selection The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42018091581). A database search of Medline and Embase was conducted in March 2018 with an updated search in July 2019. Participants were children aged 0-18 years from countries of different income groups. The exposure variable was dental caries reported as prevalence, incidence and/or severity, or changes in those variables. The outcome variable was undernutrition; specifically, wasting (low weight-for-height) and stunting (low height-for-age) in children.Data analysis Evidence was grouped into caries of the permanent dentition, primary dentition, early childhood caries and severe early childhood caries as a risk factor for undernutrition. A best-available-evidence approach was applied to narrative synthesis. Evidence synthesis by vote counting was depicted using harvest plots. The heterogeneous nature of the data prevented a meta-analysis from being appropriate.Results Of the 2,690 studies identified, 117 underwent quality assessment, resulting in 46 studies for narrative synthesis and 38 pertaining to wasting or stunting included in vote counting. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (33 studies).For the permanent dentition, the balance of evidence showed generally no association between caries prevalence or severity with wasting. For the primary dentition, positive associations between dental caries prevalence and severity with wasting, as well as between dental caries prevalence and severity with stunting, were reported. Conclusions Overall, the authors concluded that the balance of evidence favoured an association between dental caries in the primary dentition and undernutrition in children but highlighted the complexity of synthesising dental and nutritional data along with dentition type, age of child participants and income status of countries.
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Mishu MP, Tsakos G, Heilmann A, Watt RG. The role of oral health-related quality of life in the association between dental caries and height, weight and BMI among children in Bangladesh. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2022; 50:529-538. [PMID: 34837423 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) explained the negative associations between dental caries and anthropometric measures of child growth among a sample of 5- to 9-year-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh, while taking potential confounding factors (maternal education, family income, study setting, child's birth weight and childhood diseases) into account. In addition, to test whether specific oral impacts had a role in explaining these associations. METHODS Data collection was conducted via a cross-sectional survey among children and their parents from both hospital and school settings in Dhaka. Dental caries and severe consequences of dental caries (defined here as dental sepsis) were the exposure variables, and age- and sex-adjusted height-z-scores (HAZ), weight-z-scores (WAZ) and BMI-z-scores (BAZ) were the outcome variables. OHRQoL was measured using the Bengali version of the Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for 5-year-old children (SOHO-5). First, associations between oral impacts (prevalence of overall impacts and specific items of the SOHO-5) and outcome measures were assessed. Multiple linear regression was used to assess associations between caries and anthropometric measures, adjusted for potential confounders. Oral impacts were then added to test whether their inclusion attenuated the associations between exposures and outcomes. To further investigate potential mediating role of oral impacts, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesis that dental caries and sepsis were associated with the outcomes directly and also indirectly via oral impacts in general. A similar approach was used to investigate mediation by specific SOHO-5 items. RESULTS The sample consisted of 715 children, 73.1% of whom had dental caries, 37.5% presented with sepsis, and 57.3% reported at least one oral impact (SOHO-5 score ≥1). Prevalence of overall oral impacts and also the impact on 'eating difficulty' (a specific item of SOHO-5) were negatively associated with all three outcomes. Dental caries and sepsis was associated with lower HAZ, WAZ and BAZ, and adjustment for overall oral impacts considerably attenuated the associations between 'severe dental caries' and outcomes, and dental sepsis and outcomes. Using SEM, we found significant indirect associations between caries and sepsis and anthropometric measures via oral impacts (except for dental caries and HAZ). Considering specific oral impacts, eating difficulties explained about 44% and 65% of the associations between caries and anthropometric outcomes, and dental sepsis and anthropometric outcomes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Oral impacts, in particular eating difficulties, appear to mediate associations between caries and markers of child growth among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuma Pervin Mishu
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Richard G Watt
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Patterson-Norrie T, Ramjan L, Sousa MS, George A. Dietitians' Experiences of Providing Oral Health Promotion to Clients with an Eating Disorder: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14193. [PMID: 36361071 PMCID: PMC9654250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Eating disorders (EDs) can seriously impact oral health, leading to irreversible dental damage. Dietitians play a key role in the care of people with an ED and are well-placed to promote oral health. However, there is currently little understanding of how dietitians perceive their role in this space. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and role of dietitians in providing oral health promotion to their clients in an ED clinical setting. (2) Methods: This descriptive qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore the perceptions of 14 registered dietitians practicing across seven states in Australia. Participants were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. A hybrid thematic analysis approach was undertaken to identify and describe the key themes generated from the data. (3) Results: Generally, dietitians were insightful and knowledgeable of the oral health issues that clients with an ED may be experiencing. However, dietitians' practices across education, screening, and referrals were inconsistent. Challenges such as inadequate training, unknown referral pathways, and clear guidelines were cited as significant barriers to practice. (4) Conclusions: The results reinforce the need for education and the development of targeted strategies that address challenges to oral health promotion in dietetic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Patterson-Norrie
- Australian Centre for Integration of Oral Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 1871, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Lucie Ramjan
- Australian Centre for Integration of Oral Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 1871, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Mariana S. Sousa
- Australian Centre for Integration of Oral Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 1871, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- IMPACCT—Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ajesh George
- Australian Centre for Integration of Oral Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 1871, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
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Chowdhury N, Turton B, Chher T, Hak S, Hondru G, Sokal-Gutierrez K. Relationship between Early Childhood Caries and Prolonged Coughing Episodes in a Cohort of Cambodian Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12842. [PMID: 36232141 PMCID: PMC9566348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown an association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and respiratory infections; however, most have been cross-sectional, and all have been in high-income countries. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to longitudinal data from the Cambodia Health and Nutrition Monitoring Study. An analytical sample of 1703 Cambodian children between 1- and 4-years old was used to examine the effect of caries incidence (ECC Activity) on the odds of a child subsequently experiencing an episode of prolonged coughing (>14 days) over the subsequent 18 m. ECC activity occurred among 523 children (30.7%) while prolonged coughing was observed among 235 children (13.8%). ECC activity increased the risk of prolonged coughing (RR 1.23; 95% CI 0.95, 1.58; Average treatment effect = 3%). Follow-up investigations are justified in order to examine whether ECC may be a modifiable risk factor for prevention of respiratory illness among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Chowdhury
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120211, Cambodia
| | - Bathsheba Turton
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 120211, Cambodia
- Office of Global and Population Health, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Bostson, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tepirou Chher
- Oral Health Bureau, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh 12151, Cambodia
| | - Sithan Hak
- Oral Health Bureau, Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh 12151, Cambodia
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Amalia R, Siregar FR, Alfian MF, Arie Sandy LP. Regulations on nutrition in Indonesia and its relation to early childhood caries. Front Public Health 2022; 10:984668. [PMID: 36249209 PMCID: PMC9554401 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.984668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between food and nutrition policies and oral health. The relationship between nutrition and dental problems has been widely discussed, including the major dental problem in children: early childhood caries (ECC). Health-oriented national policies are the main principles of public health welfare. This article is a policy brief that provide a review of the food and nutrition policies in Indonesia that may have a relationship with ECC. It is concluded that some policies support the efforts to prevent ECC however, other technical explanations are still needed for health workers and especially parents regarding its simple implementation in everyday life. Multisectoral approaches that includes health, nutrition and education are needed to address ECC.
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Mahmoud SA, El Moshy S, Rady D, Radwan IA, Abbass MMS, Al Jawaldeh A. The effect of unhealthy dietary habits on the incidence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among Egyptian school children (A cross-sectional study). Front Public Health 2022; 10:953545. [PMID: 36052005 PMCID: PMC9424618 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.953545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries are public health problems in Egypt. Factors such as unhealthy diet, poor oral hygiene, and physical inactivity can play a major role in both problems. This study was carried out to illuminate the mutual unhealthy dietary risk factors associated with the incidence of both health conditions. Methods Between 1 October 2020 and 1 July 2021, 369 Egyptian children (5-10 years) were examined. Dental status was assessed using decayed, missing/extracted, and filled tooth indices (dmft, deft, and DMFT) for deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentitions, respectively. Moreover, the lifestyle, food habits, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Results A total of 342 (93.7%) of the included subjects suffered from caries, and only 27(7.3%) were caries-free. Based on BMI percentiles, 247 (66.9%) of the youngsters were overweight/obese, while 122 (33.1%) had normal weight. The mean dmft was 6.9 (±4.6), deft 4.2 (±3.3), and DMFT 0.1 (±1.7). In the primary dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between dmft and BMI, legumes, sweetened milk and juice, soft drinks, and desserts, while a significant negative correlation was detected between dmft/deft, meat/poultry/fish, fresh fruits, and vegetables. A significant positive correlation was detected between deft and BMI, sweetened milk and juice, ice cream, candies, and crackers. In the permanent dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between age, soft drinks, sweetened juice, desserts, and DMFT, while a significant negative correlation was detected with fresh fruits and vegetables. BMI was significantly negatively correlated with a healthy lifestyle, meat/poultry/fish consumption, and fresh fruits and vegetables while positively correlated with legumes, ice cream, soft drinks, granulated sugars, desserts, fast food, and caffeinated drinks. Conclusion Overweight/obesity was positively correlated with primary dentition dental caries. Desserts (sweetened snacks) and soft drinks could be the common risk factors associated with high caries and overweight/obesity incidence among Egyptian school children; conversely, consumption of fruits and vegetables could hinder both health conditions. Moreover, sweetened juices were associated with primary and permanent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed Mahmoud
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Marwa M. S. Abbass
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Cairo, Egypt
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Gokkaya B, Kargul B. Assessment of the eating disorders and relationship with dental caries, age, gender, and body mass index in a sample of Turkish adolescents aged 9 through 15. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:695-701. [PMID: 35593615 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1998_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Eating disorders (ED) are an important public health problem for adolescents due to changing eating attitudes. Using the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) with a sample of Turkish adolescents aged 9-15 years, this study evaluated the behavioral risk of ED and its association with dental caries, age, body mass index (BMI), and gender. Subjects and Methods The EAT-26 scoring system was used, and variables examined included demographic, familial, sociocultural, social, and clinical features. Data were analyzed using SPSS® Statistics for Windows, version 20.0. (IBM, New York, NY, USA). Results A total of 112 adolescents, 46 (41.1%) boys, and 66 (58.9%) girls (mean age 11.46 ± 1.91 years), were evaluated. EAT-26 mean scores were 16.0 (10.0-21.0) for girls and 14.0 (12.0-23.0) for boys (Mann Whitney U test; P = 0.509). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean BMI scores and the mean EAT-26 scores for girls and boys (Mann Whitney U test) (P = 0.509) (P = 0.636). The mean DMFT decay-missing-filled and total) was higher in EAT-26 >20 than in EAT-26 <20, and the difference was statistically significant (Mann Whitney U test; P = 0.008). BMI was not correlated with EAT-26 (Spearman rank correlation test, r = -0.013, P = 0.156), but there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the development of caries and age (Spearman rank correlation test, r = 0.405, P < 0.05). Conclusion Early diagnosis of ED is crucial because it primarily starts during childhood and adolescence. It is responsible for the dft of the deciduous teeth. BMI is related to decay,missed,filled,total (DMFT), decay, filled, total (dft), and age in adolescents aged 9-15 years. Furthermore, we searched subgroups of EAT-26 for dental caries. Dieting score may be a significant factor for dental caries for ED. However, observing ability is an important factor for dentists because they can inform parents and provide information on preventing ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gokkaya
- Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Bahcelievler Oral and Dental Health Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kargul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Dental Caries among 6-12-Year-Old School Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9050608. [PMID: 35626785 PMCID: PMC9139392 DOI: 10.3390/children9050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the association between BMI and dental caries in 6−12-year-old children. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 6−12-year-old school children and their parents. The data on Body Mass Index (BMI) and dental caries for study participants were included in the study. The association between BMI and dental caries was evaluated using SPSS software. The study comprises 400 school children (157 boys and 243 girls) aged an average of 8.9 years. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 84% in primary dentition and 75% in permanent dentition, with a mean DMFT and dmft (decayed, missing and filled teeth) of 2.85 and 5.48, respectively. There was a significant association witnessed between mothers’ education and BMI status. A significant association was also evident between decayed (d), missing (m) and filled (f) teeth and overall dmft with different BMI categories (p < 0.05). There was no significant association evident between DMFT and each category of BMI (p > 0.05). The dmft and DMFT within the four BMI categories by one-way ANOVA were highly significant (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis helped us identify the relationship among the various categories of BMI with dental caries. There was a positive association evident between the BMI of the children and dental caries.
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Tanner L, Craig D, Holmes R, Catinella L, Moynihan P. Does Dental Caries Increase Risk of Undernutrition in Children? JDR Clin Trans Res 2022; 7:104-117. [PMID: 33797293 DOI: 10.1177/23800844211003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A systematic review of the evidence on the impact of dental caries on malnutrition risk in children was conducted. OBJECTIVES To systematically review published evidence pertaining to the effect of dental caries severity and prevalence on risk of wasting or stunting in children. METHODS Four questions relating to caries of the permanent dentition, primary dentition, early childhood caries (ECC), and severe ECC as a risk factor for undernutrition were set. The target population was children aged 0 to 18 y from any country. Data sources included MEDLINE and Embase. All human epidemiological studies were included. Quality assessment excluded lowest-quality studies. Evidence synthesis by vote counting was depicted using harvest plots. A best available evidence approach was applied to narrative synthesis. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. RESULTS Of the 2,690 studies identified, 447 were screened in duplicate; of these, 117 underwent quality assessment, resulting in 46 included studies, of which 38 were included in vote counting (3 quasi-experimental, 1 cohort, 1 case control, and 33 cross-sectional studies). For the permanent dentition, findings were mixed; the balance of data showed no association between caries prevalence (7/11 studies) or severity (8/17 studies) with wasting. For the primary dentition, the balance of data showed a positive association between caries prevalence (10/15 studies) and severity (12/15 studies) with wasting, as well as between-caries prevalence (4/5 studies) and severity (6/6 studies) with stunting. Considering ECC only did not alter this pattern of findings. CONCLUSION The balance of evidence suggests that dental caries in the primary dentition is associated with undernutrition. There is a need for well-designed trials on the impact of caries rehabilitation on growth trajectories of children from low- and middle-income countries and for prospective studies of the impact of caries severity on both stunting and wasting to confirm causality. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by policy makers when considering the importance of oral health in addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to end all forms of malnutrition. The findings suggest that dental caries in the primary dentition may impair children's healthy weight gain. The findings indicate that higher-quality data are required to confirm a causal relationship and thus inform funding bodies of the need for research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to substantiate the current knowledge and inform clear and accurate policy statements.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tanner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Craig
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Holmes
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Catinella
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Moynihan
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Relationship between Salivary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Activity, Anthropometric Indices, Dietary Habits, and Early Childhood Dental Caries. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:2617197. [PMID: 35378726 PMCID: PMC8976663 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2617197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although early childhood dental caries (ECC) have the same general etiology as other types of caries, predisposing factors are not well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, and oral hygiene on ECC. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 38 ECC-affected and 41 caries-free children, aged 36 to 72 months. Upon the parents' consent, 3 mL of non-stimulated saliva was collected from the participants to measure the level of sAA activity through spectrophotometry. Additionally, parents/caretakers completed a structured questionnaire about demographic factors, oral hygiene, and consumption of sugar-containing foods. BMI, BMI z-scores, and percentile data were calculated by using an online calculator. The independent variables were dichotomized and tested through chi-square test, followed by a stepwise logistic regression, by using SPSS software (α = 0.05). Results The sAA activity was significantly higher in caries-free children (P ≤ 0.001). However, the mean BMI was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.49). Brushing and other measured dietary habits were significantly associated with the development of ECC (P ≤ 0.001). According to the results of the logistic regression, sAA activity was shown to be a predictor for ECC development (Odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.9 (0.95–0.98)). Conclusion Children with inherently lower levels of sAA activity were more susceptible to dental caries. Improper nutritional habits and poor oral health care could exacerbate the risk of ECC.
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Shi R, Lin C, Li S, Deng L, Lin Z, Xiu L. Obesity is negatively associated with dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:76. [PMID: 35300666 PMCID: PMC8932162 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries among children and adolescents are growing worldwide public health problems. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou and explore the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) category and dental caries. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 105,181 students (55,500 males and 49,681 females) from 87 schools in Huizhou. Height and weight were measured, and BMI was calculated. Based on Chinese BMI standards, students were classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups. Dental caries was diagnosed according to criteria recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). We used the Chi-square test to compare proportions of groups and performed Association Rules Mining to identify patterns and combinations of BMI categories and dental caries. Finally, a multilevel logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI category and dental caries when confounders were considered. Results The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among children and adolescents was 7.56%, 8.85%, and 2.95%, respectively. The overall prevalence of dental caries was 58.10%, with a lower prevalence among boys than girls. Students from primary schools and remote towns more easily suffer from dental caries. Caries prevalence of students belonged to underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity was 65.6%, 58.8%, 49.6%, and 46.1% individually. With increasing BMI levels, the prevalence of dental caries decreased. Further, this trend still exists in each subgroup of gender, educational stage, school type, and area. Association rules indicate underweight has a positive effect on the occurrence of dental caries, while overweight or obesity has a negative impact on the occurrence of dental caries. The three-level logistic regression model results show that BMI category is inversely associated with dental caries after adjusting confounders. Conclusion Obesity is negatively associated with dental caries among children and adolescents in Huizhou. Further research is required to investigate how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between BMI and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunwen Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Linling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangchang Xiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Aceves-Martins M, Godina-Flores NL, Gutierrez-Gómez YY, Richards D, López-Cruz L, García-Botello M, Moreno-García CF. Obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1694-1710. [PMID: 34664672 PMCID: PMC9086795 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context A relationship between obesity and poor oral health has been reported. Objective To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents. Data Sources A literature search was conducted of 13 databases and 1 search engine for articles published from 1995 onward. Data Analysis A total of 18 publications were included. Evidence was inconclusive and varied according to sociodemographic factors or outcome measuring tools. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and Filled Teeth Surfaces indices and the decayed extracted filled teeth index outcomes were included in a random effects model meta-analysis. Pooled estimates showed no statistically significant oral health differences (measured via the decayed extracted filled teeth or the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Surfaces indexes) among body mass index (BMI) categories. However, pooled estimates of 6 studies showed that children with higher BMI had worse oral health in permanent teeth (measured via the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index) than children with lower BMI (overall mean difference, –0.42; 95%CI, –0.74, –0.11). Conclusion Whether there is an association between poor oral health and high BMI is inconclusive; however, both co-exist among Mexican children. Therefore, health promotion and prevention efforts should address common risk factors and broader risk social determinants shared between noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Aceves-Martins
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Naara L Godina-Flores
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez-Gómez
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Derek Richards
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Lizet López-Cruz
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcela García-Botello
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Carlos Francisco Moreno-García
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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BAKIR EP, KOKOZ ÇİTAKER Ö, BAKIR Ş. Relationship of socioeconomic status and oral-dental health in the Southeastern Anatolia. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.945517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Mamikutty R, Aly AS, Marhazlinda J. Selecting Risk of Bias Tools for Observational Studies for a Systematic Review of Anthropometric Measurements and Dental Caries among Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8623. [PMID: 34444374 PMCID: PMC8391268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In conducting a systematic review, assessing the risk of bias of the included studies is a vital step; thus, choosing the most pertinent risk of bias (ROB) tools is crucial. This paper determined the most appropriate ROB tools for assessing observational studies in a systematic review assessing the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries among children. First, we determined the ROB tools used in previous reviews on a similar topic. Subsequently, we reviewed articles on ROB tools to identify the most recommended ROB tools for observational studies. Of the twelve ROB tools identified from the previous steps, three ROB tools that best fit the eight criteria of a good ROB tool were the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort and case-control studies, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) for a cross-sectional study. We further assessed the inter-rater reliability for all three tools by analysing the percentage agreement, inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa score. The overall percentage agreements and reliability scores of these tools ranged from good to excellent. Two ROB tools for the cross-sectional study were further evaluated qualitatively against nine of a tool's advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the AHRQ and NOS were selected as the most appropriate ROB tool to assess cross-sectional and cohort studies in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Mamikutty
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.M.); (A.S.A.)
- Oral Health Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia
| | - Ameera Syafiqah Aly
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.M.); (A.S.A.)
- Oral Health Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Marhazlinda
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.M.); (A.S.A.)
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Methuen M, Kauppinen S, Suominen AL, Eloranta AM, Väistö J, Lakka T, Vähänikkilä H, Anttonen V. Dental caries among Finnish teenagers participating in physical activity and diet intervention: association with anthropometrics and behavioural factors. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:333. [PMID: 34229689 PMCID: PMC8259164 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An association between childhood anthropometric measurements and dental caries is conflicting. The prevalence and severity of dental caries and its association with anthropometric and behavioural factors, were investigated among Finnish teenagers. Methods The study sample comprised 202 15–17-year-old participants in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study. Dental caries findings were recorded using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria, including activity estimation; numbers of decayed teeth (DT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) were recorded. Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured and respective body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body fat percentage was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health-related behaviours and consumption of food and drinks were assessed using questionnaires, and intake of nutrients using a 4-day food record. Results Mean DMFT for all the participants was 2.4 (SD = 2.9), DT 0.6 (SD = 1.3), and 36% had DMFT = 0. No difference between genders was observed. In bivariate analyses, use of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) three times or less per week and not having used snuff associated significantly, whereas higher carbohydrate intake (E%), toothbrushing less often than twice a day and higher caries experience at baseline almost significantly with DT > 0. In adjusted regression analyses, frequent use of SSB and higher carbohydrate intake increased the odds for DT > 0. Additionally, higher carbohydrate intake (E%) and infrequent tooth brushing significantly associated with a higher number of DT. Conclusion Caries prevalence is still low and similar in Finnish teenage girls and boys. Behavioural factors are, but anthropometric factors are not associated with dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Methuen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. .,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Sofia Kauppinen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Vähänikkilä
- Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vuokko Anttonen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Mamikutty R, Aly AS, Marhazlinda J. Databases Selection in a Systematic Review of the Association between Anthropometric Measurements and Dental Caries among Children in Asia. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070565. [PMID: 34209268 PMCID: PMC8306381 DOI: 10.3390/children8070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive search for primary studies using a sufficient number and relevant databases is critical to minimise bias and increase the validity of a systematic review. We examined the frequency and choices of databases commonly used to provide an efficient search of primary studies for a systematic review of anthropometric measurements and dental caries among children in Asia. Twelve previous systematic reviews on a similar topic were retrieved from six databases. The frequency and choice of databases used by reviewers were determined from the methods sections. We also identified the lists of other databases usually searched in other reviews. Eligibility criteria for final databases selection were the database's scope, the topic of interest, design of the study, type of article, and the accessibility of the databases. Of the 77 databases identified, previous reviews on this topic used 21 databases, ranging from 2 to 12 databases in each review. Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed were employed most frequently. Twenty-six databases were eligible and selected for the present review. Twelve were regional databases to provide comprehensive coverage of primary studies. A systematic approach in selecting appropriate databases for searching primary studies is paramount to reduce errors, ensure coverage, and increase the validity of systematic reviews' conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokiah Mamikutty
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.M.); (A.S.A.)
- Oral Health Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 5, Block E10, Parcel E, Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia
| | - Ameera Syafiqah Aly
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.M.); (A.S.A.)
- Oral Health Programme, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 5, Block E10, Parcel E, Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin Marhazlinda
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.M.); (A.S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-7967-4805
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Impact of Dietary Trajectories on Obesity and Dental Caries in Preschool Children: Findings from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072240. [PMID: 34209914 PMCID: PMC8308427 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the impact of longitudinal dietary trajectories on obesity and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children in Australia. Mother–infant dyads from the Healthy Smiles Healthy Kids study were interviewed at 4 and 8 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Children underwent anthropometric and oral health assessments between 3 and 4 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression and negative binomial regression analysis were performed for the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the number of tooth surfaces with dental caries, respectively. The intake of core, discretionary, and sugary foods showed distinct quadratic (n = 3) trajectories with age. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 10% (n = 72) and that of early childhood caries (ECC) was 33% (mean decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) score: 1.96). Children with the highest trajectories of discretionary foods intake were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted OR: 2.51, 95 %CI: 1.16–5.42). Continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months was associated with higher dmfs scores (adjusted IRR: 2.17, 95 %CI: 1.27–3.73). Highest socioeconomic disadvantage was the most significant determinant for overweight or obesity (adjusted OR: 2.86, 95 %CI: 1.11–7.34) and ECC (adjusted IRR: 2.71, 95 %CI: 1.48–4.97). Targeted health promotion interventions should be designed to prevent the incidence of two highly prevalent conditions in preschool children.
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30
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Holve S, Braun P, Irvine JD, Nadeau K, Schroth RJ. Early Childhood Caries in Indigenous Communities. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2021-051481. [PMID: 34001640 PMCID: PMC8893228 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-051481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral health of Indigenous children of Canada (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) and the United States (American Indian and Alaska native) is a major child health disparity when compared with the general population of both countries. Early childhood caries (ECC) occurs in Indigenous children at an earlier age, with a higher prevalence, and at much greater severity than in the general population. ECC results in adverse oral health, affecting childhood health and well-being, and may result in high rates of costly surgical treatment under general anesthesia. ECC is an infectious disease that is influenced by multiple factors, but the social determinants of health are particularly important. This policy statement includes recommendations for preventive and clinical oral health care for infants, toddlers, preschool-aged children, and pregnant women by primary health care providers. It also addresses community-based health-promotion initiatives and access to dental care for Indigenous children. This policy statement encourages oral health interventions at early ages in Indigenous children, including referral to dental care for the use of sealants, interim therapeutic restorations, and silver diamine fluoride. Further community-based research on the microbiology, epidemiology, prevention, and management of ECC in Indigenous communities is also needed to reduce the dismally high rate of caries in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Holve
- Tuba City Regional Health Care Corporation, Tuba City, Arizona;
| | - Patricia Braun
- Denver Health and Hospital, Denver, Colorado,Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Kristen Nadeau
- Mentored Scholarly Activity Longitudinal Research Course and Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute Scientific Advisory and Review Committee, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert J. Schroth
- Departments of Preventive Dental Science, Pediatrics and Child Health, and Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Mohammadi S, Mohammadi MA, Dadkhah B. Dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil in 2019. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2021; 39:147-153. [PMID: 34341233 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_293_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tooth decay as a significant but preventable public health priority continues to be a common disease in developing countries, including Iran, which is particularly prevalent among children. The present study aims to determine dental caries prevalence among elementary school students and its relationship with body mass index and oral hygiene in Ardabil, Iran in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 581 elementary school students selected through cluster random sampling method in Ardabil city in 2019. Demographic data was collected using questionnaire and anthropometric indices (height, weight) were measured using the weighing scale and stadiometer, and dental caries was evaluated using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth index (dmft for primary teeth and DMFT for permanent). RESULTS The mean age of students was 9.61 ± 1.76 years, and 50.8% of them were female. 20.7% (n = 120) were obese, and 19.1% (n = 111) were overweight. The overall prevalence of caries was 74.9% (n = 435) in primary teeth, 72.8% (n = 423) in permanent teeth, and 96.6% (n = 561) in all teeth. The average dmft and DMFT scores were 4.16 ± 3.72 and 1.96 ± 1.76, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between body mass index and dmft (r = -0.146, P < 0.0001) and DMFT (r = -0.111, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The findings showed that prevalence of dental caries in elementary school children in Ardabil city is higher than global standards, obese and over-weight children experience fewer caries compared to normal-weight children, and there is a significant relation between not brushing the teeth and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Mohammadi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behroz Dadkhah
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Television advertisements for high-sugar foods and beverages: effect on children's snack food intake. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:591-597. [PMID: 32746948 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dense food advertising affects children's eating behaviour. However, the impact of high-sugar food advertising specifically on the intake of sweet foods is underexplored. This study sought to determine whether children would increase their intake of sugar and total energy following high-sugar food advertising (relative to toy advertising) and whether dental health, weight status and socio-economic status (SES) would moderate any effect. In a crossover, randomised controlled trial, 101 UK children (forty male) aged 8-10 years were exposed to high-sugar food/beverage and toy advertisements embedded within a cartoon. Their subsequent intake of snack foods and beverages varying in sugar content was measured. A dental examination was performed, and height and weight measurements were taken. Home postcode provided by parents was used to assign participants to SES quintiles. Children consumed a significantly greater amount of energy (203·3 (95 % CI 56·5, 350·2) kJ (48·6 (95 % CI 13·5, 83·7) kcal); P = 0·007) and sugar (6·0 (95 % CI 1·3, 10·7) g; P = 0·012) following food advertisements compared with after toy advertisements. This was driven by increased intake of the items with most sugar (chocolate and jelly sweets). Children of healthy weight and with dental caries had the greatest intake response to food advertising exposure, but there were no differences by SES. Acute experimental food advertising exposure increases food intake in children. Specifically, high-sugar food and beverage advertising promotes the consumption of high-sugar food items. The debate around the negative health effects of food advertising on children should be widened to include dental health as well as overall dietary health and obesity.
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Kor M, Pouramir M, Khafri S, Ebadollahi S, Gharekhani S. Association between Dental Caries, Obesity and Salivary Alpha Amylase in Adolescent Girls of Babol City, Iran-2017. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2021; 22:27-32. [PMID: 33681420 PMCID: PMC7921765 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2020.84190.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem Adolescents are at risk of obesity and caries due to various factors such as diet and poor health habits; these factors may affect their body mass index (BMI) and salivary components. Therefore, it is necessary to assess these factors and their relationship in this age group. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association between decayed missing filled teeth index (DMFT), salivary alpha amylase (sAA) level and age-specific BMI in adolescent girls. Materials and Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on 81 females aged 13-15 years in 3 groups of BMI percentiles; "normal", "at risk for overweight" and "overweight" (n=27). DMFT was calculated and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. The sAA level was measured with a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smir-nov test, Kruskal- Wallis and Spearman correlation tests using SPSS (version 23) at p< 0.05. Results The concentration of sAA and mean DMFT were estimated 1326.56±4.73 U/L and 2.77±2.36, respectively. There was no significant difference in sAA level and mean DMFT among BMI groups. A positive and significant correlation was found between sAA and DMFT in overweight group (r 0.46, p= 0.014). Conclusion Within the limitation of this study, higher levels of sAA may be considered as an indicator for dental caries in overweight adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kor
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahdi Pouramir
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Dept. of Biostatics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shima Ebadollahi
- Student of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Samane Gharekhani
- Oral Health Research Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Marro F, De Smedt S, Rajasekharan S, Martens L, Bottenberg P, Jacquet W. Associations between obesity, dental caries, erosive tooth wear and periodontal disease in adolescents: a case-control study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:99-108. [PMID: 32424690 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare oral health [dental caries, periodontal status, and erosive tooth wear (ETW)], diet and oral hygiene habits between obese and normal weight adolescents, and to explore possible risk associations. METHODS In this case-control study, a convenience sample of 71 obese adolescents (age range 11-18) from a rehabilitation centre, and 54 age-sex-matched normal weight adolescents were selected for this study. Groups were defined using the Body Mass Index and growth curves for Flemish adolescents. Oral health was measured using DMFT, gingival, plaque and BEWE index. A validated questionnaire was utilized to assess diet and oral hygiene habits. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare oral health between groups. Multivariate Firth's logistic regression analysis, conditional regression analysis and classification trees were used to detect associations between oral health and potential risk factors. RESULTS Prevalence of ETW did not differ significantly between groups, although obese adolescents presented a significantly higher caries experience, gingivitis, presence of plaque and periodontal problems, compared to normal weight adolescents. After adjusting for age and sex, obesity was associated only with the presence of dental plaque (p ≤ 0.001). Obese participants reported a significantly higher intake of sugar-rich and caloric food items than normal weight group. The consumption of acidic drinks, however, was similar. CONCLUSION Obese adolescents presented significantly higher caries experience, gingivitis and plaque, although after adjusting, obesity became significantly associated only with the presence of dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marro
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - S De Smedt
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, PAECOMEDIS research cluster, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 (P8), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Bottenberg
- Oral Health Research Group ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Jacquet
- Oral Health Research Group ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Stunting Malnutrition Associated with Severe Tooth Decay in Cambodian Toddlers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020290. [PMID: 33498508 PMCID: PMC7909538 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The persistently high prevalence of undernutrition in Cambodia, in particular stunting or chronic malnutrition, calls for innovative investigation into the risk factors that affect children’s growth during critical phases of development. Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed on a subgroup of children who were present at two time points within the Cambodian Health and Nutrition Monitoring Study (CAHENMS) and who were less than 24 months of age at the nominated baseline. Data consisted of parent interviews on sociodemographic characteristics and feeding practices, and clinical measures for anthropometric measures and dental status. Logistic regression modelling was used to examine the associations between severe dental caries (tooth decay)—as indicated by the Significant Caries Index—and the presence of new cases of stunting malnutrition at follow-up. Results: There were 1595 children who met the inclusion criteria and 1307 (81.9%) were followed after one year. At baseline, 14.4% of the children had severe dental caries, 25.6% presented with stunted growth. 17.6% of the children transitioned from healthy status to a low height-for-age over the observation period. Children with severe dental caries had nearly double the risk (OR = 1.8; CI 1.0–3.0) of making that transition. Conclusion: Severe caries experience was associated with poorer childhood growth and, as such, could be an underinvestigated contributor to stunting.
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Jouhar R, Ahmed MA, Khurshid Z, Bokhari SAH. Association of BMI, Diet, Physical Activity, and Oral Hygiene Practices with DMFT Index of Male Dental Students at King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010224. [PMID: 33466721 PMCID: PMC7828819 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite sufficient knowledge of good oral hygiene habits, dental students still suffer from oral health problems owing to dietary habits, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate an association of BMI (body mass index), diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices with DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) of male dental students and interns at King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, from August to September 2020. One hundred and eighty-five male participants completed the study questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic information and nineteen close-ended questions about current diet, physical activity, and oral hygiene practices. Students’ height (cm) and weight (kg) were measured to calculate BMI. The principal investigator performed the oral clinical examinations for the DMFT status in the dental clinic. The chi-square test was used for the dichotomous variables and a t-test was used for the continuous variables. Linear and multinomial logistic regression were performed to detect the significant predictors of the DMFT score. The mean age of participants was 22.29 ± 2.13 years, and the BMI was 24.94 ± 3.36 (Kg/m2). Parents’ higher education and income levels were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with a higher BMI. Most dietary variables, especially sugar products, and low physical activity, were significantly (<0.047) associated with higher BMI. All oral hygiene practices, except miswak and mouthwash, were significantly (<0.003) associated with higher BMI. Decayed and missing teeth were significantly (<0.001) higher in the overweight and obese. A simple linear regression analysis demonstrated association between BMI and decayed teeth, with an R = 0.35 (<0.001); BMI and missing teeth had an R = 0.12 (p = 0.867); BMI and filled teeth had an R = 0.15 (p = 0.033), and BMI with DMFT had an R = 0.33 ((<0.001). This study demonstrated a strong significant association of the decayed and missing teeth with higher BMI levels. In addition, BMI was significantly associated with diet and physical activity, despite acceptable oral hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Jouhar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-593114621
| | - Muhammad Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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Nguyen TM, Christian B, Koshy S, Morgan MV. A Validation and Cost-Analysis Study of a Targeted School-Based Dental Check-Up Intervention: Children's Dental Program. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7120257. [PMID: 33256020 PMCID: PMC7760058 DOI: 10.3390/children7120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Limited evidence exists to inform best practice approaches to implement school-based dental screening to address child retention via referral for dental services. This research tested the null hypothesis that a targeted school-based dental check-up program (intervention) has a 75% child retention rate for public dental care (H0 = 0.75). Methods: A prospective non-randomised controlled trial was conducted with a convenience sampling approach in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Children in the intervention group were recruited from two preschools and two primary schools from a low socioeconomic area. Children in the standard care group were recruited from the local public dental service. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata IC Version 12. Results: Children in the intervention (45%) were significantly less likely to have never had a dental check-up compared to standard care (20%) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference for the child retention rate for the intervention group when compared against the null hypothesis (p = 0.954). The total society costs were AU$754.7 and AU$612.2 for the intervention and standard care groups, respectively (p = 0.049). Conclusions: This validation study provides evidence that a targeted school-based dental check-up program can achieve a 75% child retention rate and should be considered for program expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Minh Nguyen
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute of Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
- Community Dental Program, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
- Coburg Hill Oral Care, Coburg North, VIC 3058, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-432-715-420
| | - Bradley Christian
- Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3552, Australia;
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sajeev Koshy
- Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
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Ravaghi V, Rezaee A, Pallan M, Morris AJ. Childhood obesity and dental caries: an ecological investigation of the shape and moderators of the association. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:338. [PMID: 33238971 PMCID: PMC7690207 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite sharing a common risk factor in dietary sugars, the association between obesity and dental caries remains unclear. We investigated the association between obesity and dental caries in young children in England in an ecological study. METHODS We analysed data from 326 lower tier English local authorities. Data on obesity and dental caries were retrieved from 2014/15 to 2016/17 National Child Measurement Programme and 2016/17 National Dental Epidemiology Programme. We used fractional polynomial models to explore the shape of the association between obesity and dental caries. We also examined the modifying effect of deprivation, lone parenthood, ethnicity, and fluoridation. RESULTS Best fitting second order fractional polynomial models did not provide better fit than the linear models for the association between obesity and prevalence and severity of dental caries; therefore, the linear model was found suitable. Despite significant association, after adjusting for the effect of deprivation, obesity was neither associated with prevalence (coefficient = 0.2, 95% CI - 0.71, 0.75), nor with severity (coefficient = 0.001, 95% CI - 0.03, 0.03) of dental caries. In fully adjusted models, the proportion of white ethnicity and being in fluoridated areas were associated with a decrease in dental caries. The association between obesity and dental caries was moderated by the effect of deprivation, white ethnicity, and lone parenthood. CONCLUSIONS The association between obesity and dental caries was linear and moderated by some demographic factors. Consequently, interventions that reduce obesity and dental caries may have a greater impact on specific groups of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ravaghi
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
| | - Amir Rezaee
- International Business School, 8 rue de Lota, 75116, Paris, France
| | - Miranda Pallan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Patterson-Norrie T, Ramjan L, Sousa MS, Sank L, George A. Eating disorders and oral health: a scoping review on the role of dietitians. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 33062271 PMCID: PMC7552467 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compromised nutritional intake due to eating disorder related behaviors, such as binge eating and purging, can lead to multi-system medical complications, including an irreversible impact on oral health. However, dental anxiety, fear or embarrassment may hinder individuals with an eating disorder from seeking assistance for their oral health concerns. As key health professionals in eating disorder treatment, dietitians are well positioned to provide basic dental screening, however, their capacity to perform this role in practice has not been established. The aim of this review was to identify current evidence on the role of dietitians in promoting oral health among individuals with eating disorders. METHODS A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases and the grey literature was conducted to address the following three focus areas: 1) guidelines and recommendations on the role of dietitians in oral health 2) knowledge, attitudes and practices of dietitians regarding oral health promotion and; 3) current models of oral health care and resources for dietitians. RESULTS Twelve articles were included. The review indicated that current national and international position statements encourage dietitians to conduct basic oral health screening and promote oral health in high risk populations, such as those with an eating disorder. However, no evidence was found to indicate dietitians performed oral health screening or education in populations with an eating disorder. In other population settings, dietitians were found to play a role in oral health promotion, however, were noted to have mixed knowledge on oral health risk factors, prevention and treatment and generally were not providing referrals. Some oral health promotion resources existed for dietitians working in pediatric, HIV and geriatric clinical areas however no resources were identified for dietitians working in eating disorder settings. CONCLUSION Despite current evidence showing that dietitians can play a role in oral health care, no models of care exist where dietitians promote oral health among individuals with an eating disorder. There are also no training resources and screening tools for dietitians in this area. Further research is required to develop this model of care and assess its feasibility and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Patterson-Norrie
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), School of Nursing and Midwifery , Western Sydney University/South Western Sydney Local Health District/ Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool BC, Locked Bag 7103, Sydney, NSW 1871 Australia
| | - Lucie Ramjan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Sydney, Australia
| | - Mariana S. Sousa
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindy Sank
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Oral Health Services, SLHD, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ajesh George
- Centre for Oral Health Outcomes & Research Translation (COHORT), Western Sydney University/South Western Sydney Local Health District/University of Sydney/ Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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Hegde S. Is there an association between body weight and early childhood caries experience? Evid Based Dent 2020; 21:114-115. [PMID: 32978548 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-020-0129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Data sources PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Study selection Papers reporting a primary study in non-syndromatic preschool children aged 0-6 years, reporting body weight and dental caries experience as outcomes.Data extraction and synthesis Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of the identified citations for relevance. The full text articles were subsequently assessed for eligibility for both qualitative and quantitative review. Body weight outcomes were standardised into four groups; 'underweight' (BMI-for-age percentile less than five), 'normal weight' (BMI-for-age percentile between five and 85), 'overweight' (BMI-for-age percentile between 85 and 95), and 'obese' (BMI-for-age percentile greater than 95). Dental caries outcomes were based on decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surfaces (dmft/dmfs) index. The risk of bias in individual studies were assessed based on the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The GRADE system was used to perform quality assessment for each outcome reported.Results Following screening of 293 articles, a total of 32 studies qualified for qualitative review and 12 of them reported data that was used to conduct a meta-analysis. All included studies were cross-sectional in nature and presented a high risk of bias. Findings from meta-analysis showed that children who are overweight have a significantly higher dmft index (95% CI -0.64 to -0.14, P = 0.002, I2 equals 62 percent). The quality of evidence was found to be moderate.Conclusions Overweight and obese preschool children are at a greater risk of developing caries. Public health prevention programmes must target both conditions together to reduce their burden and effectiveness of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalika Hegde
- Dental Health Services Victoria, The Royal Dental Hospital of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Kennedy T, Rodd C, Daymont C, Grant CG, Mittermuller BA, Pierce A, Moffatt MEK, Schroth RJ. The association of body mass index and severe early childhood caries in young children in Winnipeg, Manitoba: A cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:626-633. [PMID: 32057150 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between body mass index (BMI) and caries have been reported. AIM To evaluate the direction of the relationship between BMI and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). DESIGN Children were recruited as part of a larger prospective cohort study assessing changes in nutritional status following dental rehabilitation under general anaesthetic. Pre-operative anthropometric measurements were used to calculate BMI z-scores (BMIz). Operative reports were reviewed to calculate caries scores based on treatment rendered. Analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and simple and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Overall, 150 children were recruited with a mean age of 47.7 ± 14.2 (SD) months; 52% female. Over 42% were at risk for overweight, overweight or obese. Although simple linear regression demonstrated a significant positive association between dmfs score and BMIz, adjusted multiple linear regression found no significant relationship between BMIz and dmfs, but highlighted a relationship between BMI z-score and family income, Registered First Nations Status and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Although a significant relationship between BMI and S-ECC was not found, poverty was a key confounding variable. As both S-ECC and obesity are known predictors of future disease, it is important for healthcare professionals to identify children at risk. Diet and behaviour modification may play a role in disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Kennedy
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Dentistry Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Celia Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carrie Daymont
- Penn State Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Philadelphia
| | - Cameron G Grant
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Betty-Anne Mittermuller
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael E K Moffatt
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Nelson S, Slusar MB, Curtan S, Selvaraj D, Hertz A. Formative and Pilot Study for an Effectiveness-Implementation Hybrid Cluster Randomized Trial to Incorporate Oral Health Activities into Pediatric Well-Child Visits. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E101. [PMID: 32882958 PMCID: PMC7559918 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries in pediatric patients are noted to have broad impacts on systemic health and well-being. Thus, utilizing an effectiveness-implementation hybrid I design, the Pediatric Providers Against Cavities in Children's Teeth (PACT) trial is investigating multi-level interventions at the practice (incorporation of oral health in electronic medical record [EMR]) and provider levels (theory-based didactic and skills training to communicate oral health facts to parent/caregiver, give a prescription to see a dentist and a list of area dentists) to increase dental utilization among 3 to 6 year old Medicaid-enrolled children attending well-child visits (WCV). The formative and pilot work for the larger main trial are presented. Methods: Formative work-Focus groups with 26 participants (Community leaders, providers, parent/caregivers); and key informant interviews with practice leadership (n = 4). Topics discussed were: core oral health (OH) information to communicate at WCVs and study logistics. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using Atlas.ti; Pilot study was refined using the formative findings and was conducted at two pediatric practices to test the implementation of: the provider didactic and skills training curriculum; EMR incorporation of four OH questions; logistics of incorporating OH activities at a WCV; and parent/caregiver recruitment. Results: Formative work showed that providers and parent/caregivers required knowledge of dental caries, and a list of area Medicaid-accepting dentists. Providers and practice leadership advised on the logistics of incorporating oral health into WCVs. All groups suggested asking parent/caregivers their preferred method of contact and emphasizing importance of OH to motivate participation. Utilizing these findings, the curriculum and protocol was revised. The pilot study in two practices successfully implemented the protocol as follows: all seven providers were trained in two 45 min didactic education and skills session; incorporation of OH questions into practices EMR; recruited 86 child-parent dyads (95% participation) at the WCV; providers delivered the OH intervention to parent/caregivers in <2 min and 90% completed EMR documentation of OH questions. These findings were instrumental in finalizing the main PACT trial in 18 practices. The RE-AIM framework is used in the main trial to collect effectiveness and implementation measures at baseline and follow-up visits. Conclusions: The formative and pilot findings were instrumental in refining the OH intervention and protocol which has resulted in successful implementation of the main trial. Trial Registration: Clinical trials.gov, Registered 9 November 2017, NCT03385629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Nelson
- Department of Community Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905, USA; (S.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Mary Beth Slusar
- Department of Sociology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA;
| | - Shelley Curtan
- Department of Community Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905, USA; (S.C.); (D.S.)
| | - David Selvaraj
- Department of Community Dentistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4905, USA; (S.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Andrew Hertz
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
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Shen A, Bernabé E, Sabbah W. Undernutrition is associated with change in severe dental caries. J Public Health Dent 2020; 80:236-243. [PMID: 32743811 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of baseline prevalence of thinness or stunting and the incidence of dental caries among preschool children in Liaoning Province, China. METHODS Children were recruited from 15 kindergartens in Liaoning Province. A total of 772 children were assessed at baseline and follow-up. The mean age of children at baseline was 50.82 months, and the median follow-up time was 10.12 months. Anthropometric measurement, dental caries, and questionnaire were assessed overtime, whereas only baseline questionnaire was used in the data analysis. z-Score for body mass index (BMI)-for-age, weight-for-age, and height-for-age were calculated using World Health Organisation (WHO) Child Growth Standards. Dental caries was assessed according to the fifth WHO Basic Methods for Oral Health Surveys. The presence of pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, and abscess (pufa) were used to indicate severe dental caries in deciduous teeth. A structured questionnaire mainly based on the fifth WHO Oral Health Surveys was used to collect sociodemographic and behavior data. Logistic regression was constructed to assess the association between change in severe dental caries and prevalence of thinness and stunting. RESULTS There was a positive association between prevalence of stunting and incidence of severe caries in the fully adjusted model [odds ratios 2.88; 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 8.27]. Prevalence of thinness showed insignificant positive association with incidence of severe caries. CONCLUSIONS While undernutrition indicated by stunting appeared to be a risk factor for severe dental caries, it could also be a marker for other determinants of progress of dental caries including socioeconomic factors and lack of use of dental services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Zhu H, Ying X, Zhu F, Huang C, Yu Y. Early childhood caries and related risk factors: A cross-sectional study of children in Zhejiang Province, China. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 18:352-361. [PMID: 32592627 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aims to exploring the risk factors related to ECC by investigating oral health status, related behaviours and habits of children and their parent's knowledge regarding oral hygiene. METHOD A total of 2700 children aged 3-5 years and their parents from Zhejiang province were examined. Chi-square test or U test was used to analyse the difference of caries incidence among different groups. Logistic multiple factor stepwise regression model was used to analyse the risk factors influencing ECC prevalence. RESULTS ECC prevalence rate in these children was 70.7%. The mean decayed missing filled teeth(dmft) scores were 4.33. Through analysis of logistic multiple factor stepwise regression model, risk factors related to the prevalence of ECC in children include: older age, region (coastal or mountainous area), higher frequency of bedtime dessert consumption and poor care of children's oral health by parents. In the questionnaire, 5 of 14 questions showed parents' poor oral knowledge or awareness. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of ECC in children aged 3-5 in this study was high and associated with older age, region (coastal or mountainous area), higher frequency of bedtime dessert consumption and poor care of children's oral health. Parents need to strengthen their understanding and action of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Ying
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fudong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqiang Huang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxian Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shen A, Bernabé E, Sabbah W. The Socioeconomic Inequality in Increment of Caries and Growth among Chinese Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4234. [PMID: 32545837 PMCID: PMC7345061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at assessing socioeconomic inequalities in the increment of dental caries and growth among preschool Chinese children, and to assess the best predictor of socioeconomic inequality for each of these conditions. METHODS This is a longitudinal population-based study. The sample data included preschool children living in three cities of the Liaoning Province, China. At baseline, 15 kindergartens with 1111 participants were included and dropped to 772 with a response rate of 70% at follow-up. Mean ages at baseline and follow-up were 50.82 and 60.55 months, respectively. Median follow-up time was 10.12 months. Data were collected through structured questionnaire, oral examination and anthropometric measurement. The questionnaire collected information on sex, age, family income, mother's education and children's dietary habits. The numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) was used to indicate dental caries. Weight- and height-for-age z-scores were calculated using the WHO Growth Standard. Multilevel analysis was used to assess the association between baseline socioeconomic position and each of dental caries and child's growth. RESULTS Mother's education was negatively associated with increments of DMFT. Family income was not significantly associated with DMFT in the fully adjusted model. The association persisted after accounting for other socioeconomic and dietary factors. Higher income was positively related to an increase in the weight-for-age z-score. The relationship between income and changes in the height-for-age z-score was positive and significant in the second highest income group. CONCLUSIONS Mother's education appeared to be the strongest predictor of increments of dental caries. Only income was significantly associated with an increase in children's weight and height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Shen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Beijing Stomatology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 4th Tiantanxili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (E.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (E.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9RS, UK; (E.B.); (W.S.)
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Lee ZL, Gan WY, Lim PY, Hasan R, Lim SY. Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:164. [PMID: 32493338 PMCID: PMC7268511 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in primary teeth is a serious oral health concern among children. It can lead to detrimental impacts on a child's growth, development, and quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries and its associations with nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure among pre-schoolers. METHODS A total of 26 pre-schools in Seremban, Malaysia were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size sampling. Dental examination was performed by a dentist to record the number of decayed teeth (dt). Weight and height of the pre-schoolers were measured. The mother-administered questionnaire was used to gather information pertaining to the sociodemographic characteristics and second-hand smoke exposure. Total sugar exposure was calculated from a 3-day food record. RESULTS Among the 396 participating pre-schoolers, 63.4% of them had at least one untreated caries, with a mean ± SD dt score of 3.56 ± 4.57. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that being a boy (adjusted mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.005-0.698, p = 0.047), exposed to second-hand smoke (adjusted mean ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.168-0.857, p = 0.004) and those who had more than 6 times of daily total sugar exposure (adjusted mean ratio = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.138-0.857, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with dental caries among pre-schoolers. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of dental caries was reported in this study. This study highlights the need to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke and practice healthy eating behaviours in reducing the risk of dental caries among pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ling Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ruhaya Hasan
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Ying Lim
- Department of Paediatric Dental, Tuanku Ja'afar Hospital, Jalan Rasah, Bukit Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Al-Ansari A, Nazir MA. Association of body mass index and gross national income with caries experience in children in 117 countries. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:303-308. [PMID: 31855095 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1704054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) and gross national income (GNI) per capita with dental caries experience in children at population levels.Methods: This ecological study used global data of decay, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), BMI, and GNI. DMFT data of 12 years old children from 117 countries were obtained from the World Health Organization. BMI data of children and adolescents from the same 117 countries were retrieved from the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration and GNI per capita from the World Bank. ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), and multivariable linear regression were performed.Results: Globally mean BMI ranged from 16.1 to 22.2 in children. Low-income countries had the lowest BMI (17.41 ± 0.57) and high-income countries had the highest BMI (20.14 ± 0.87) (p < .001). The highest mean DMFT was observed in upper-middle-income countries (2.48 ± 1.16) and the lowest in low-income countries (1.22 ± 0.83) (p = .001). There was no significant correlation between BMI and dental caries (DMFT) (r = .063; p = .498). However, there were significant correlations between GNI per capita and BMI (r = 0.366; p < .001) and GNI per capita and DMFT (r= -0.252; p = .007). In multivariable linear regression, GNI per capita was negatively associated with caries experience in children (B= -1.83; p < .001).Conclusion: The study found that BMI was associated with income levels of the countries. GNI per capita significantly and negatively correlated with DMFT in children. Further investigation into the association between BMI and dental caries is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Al-Ansari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Nazir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Manohar N, Hayen A, Fahey P, Arora A. Obesity and dental caries in early childhood: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12960. [PMID: 31721413 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and dental caries in children are significant health problems. The aims of this review are to identify whether children aged 6 years and younger with overweight and/or obesity have higher dental caries experience compared with children with normal weight and, secondly, to identify the common risk factors associated with both conditions. Medline, Embase, and seven other databases were systematically searched followed by lateral searches from reference lists, grey literature, theses, conference proceedings, and contacting field experts. Longitudinal observational studies addressing overweight and/or obesity and dental caries in children aged 6 years and younger were included. A random effects model meta-analyses were applied. Nine studies were included in this review. Children with overweight and obesity had a significantly higher dental caries experience compared with children with normal weight (n = 6). The pooled estimates showed that difference in caries experience between the two groups was statistically significant. Low levels of parental income and education were identified to be associated with both conditions in the sample population. Children with overweight and obesity are more vulnerable to dental caries. Low levels of parental income and education influence the relationship between the two conditions. However, the quality of evidence varied considerably; therefore, findings should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendar Manohar
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayen
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
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Association between overweight, obesity and incidence of advanced dental caries in South Korean adults: A 10-year nationwide population-based observational study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229572. [PMID: 32107502 PMCID: PMC7046206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity and the incidence of advanced dental caries in South Korean adults, using alternate measures. The participants included 376,077 people aged 20 years and older who had health examination at least one time between 2005 and 2008. This evaluation is based on a change of body mass index (BMI) category, for 10 years, using a nationally representative data resource available from the National Health Insurance System. Instead of using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), the diagnostic codes which indicate dental caries, pulpal disease and visiting frequency at dental health professionals were used in this case. A multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between advanced dental caries and BMI. In addition to the BMI, a multivariate analysis of gender, age, lifestyle behaviors and systemic disease information was included. To this end, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Chiefly, it is noted that the overweight and obese people were more likely to develop advanced dental caries independent of the noted variables. The positive association between high BMI and incidence of advanced dental caries was more prominent in the population's characteristic of people who were in a classification of the elderly and women. Among the health and lifecycle behaviors, smoking or not was found to be one of the factors affecting the results. The alternate method used in this study showed that being overweight and obesity had a direct association with the incidence of advanced dental caries in Korean adults.
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50
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Silva MJ, Kilpatrick NM, Craig JM, Manton DJ, Leong P, Ho H, Saffery R, Burgner DP, Scurrah KJ. A twin study of body mass index and dental caries in childhood. Sci Rep 2020; 10:568. [PMID: 31953476 PMCID: PMC6969181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-optimal nutrition and dental caries are both common with significant short and long-term implications for child health and development. We applied twin statistical methods to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries. We measured BMI at 18 months and six years of age and cumulative dental caries experience at six years in 344 twin children. Dental caries in primary teeth was categorised into ‘any’ or ‘advanced’ and BMI was analysed as both a continuous and categorical variable. Statistical analyses included multiple logistic regression using generalized estimating equations and within/between-pair analyses. There was no association between BMI and ‘any’ dental caries experience at either time-point, neither overall nor in within/between pair analyses. However, ‘advanced’ dental caries at six years was associated with a within-pair difference in BMI of −0.55 kg/m2 (95% CI −1.00, −0.11, p = 0.015). A within-pair increase of 1 kg/m2 in BMI was associated with a lower within-pair risk of advanced dental caries (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52, 0.90, p = 0.007). These findings reveal a possible causal relationship between lower BMI and dental caries. As dental outcomes were only measured at one time point, the direction of this potentially causal relationship is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Silva
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia. .,Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - N M Kilpatrick
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J M Craig
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.,Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - D J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Leong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Molecular Epidemiology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - H Ho
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- Epigenetics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - D P Burgner
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K J Scurrah
- Facial Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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