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Kong F, Wu T, Dai J, Cai J, Zhai Z, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Sun T. Knowledge domains and emerging trends of Genome-wide association studies in Alzheimer's disease: A bibliometric analysis and visualization study from 2002 to 2022. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295008. [PMID: 38241287 PMCID: PMC10798548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive and behavioral function. Studies have shown that genetic factors are one of the main causes of AD risk. genome-wide association study (GWAS), as a novel and effective tool for studying the genetic risk of diseases, has attracted attention from researchers in recent years and a large number of studies have been conducted. This study aims to summarize the literature on GWAS in AD by bibliometric methods, analyze the current status, research hotspots and future trends in this field. METHODS We retrieved articles on GWAS in AD published between 2002 and 2022 from Web of Science. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were applied to analyze the articles for the number of articles published, countries/regions and institutions of publication, authors and cited authors, highly cited literature, and research hotspots. RESULTS We retrieved a total of 2,751 articles. The United States had the highest number of publications in this field, and Columbia University was the institution with the most published articles. The identification of AD-related susceptibility genes and their effects on AD is one of the current research hotspots. Numerous risk genes have been identified, among which APOE, CLU, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, PICALM, CR1, ABCA7 and TREM2 are the current genes of interest. In addition, risk prediction for AD and research on other related diseases are also popular research directions in this field. CONCLUSION This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of GWAS in AD and identified the current research hotspots and research trends. In addition, we also pointed out the shortcomings of current research and suggested future research directions. This study can provide researchers with information about the knowledge structure and emerging trends in the field of GWAS in AD and provide guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjing Kong
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Yoshida T, Mori T, Shimizu H, Tachibana A, Yoshino Y, Ochi S, Yamazaki K, Ozaki Y, Kawabe K, Horiuchi F, Komori K, Iga JI, Ueno SI. Analysis of factors related to cognitive impairment in a community-based, complete enumeration survey in Japan: the Nakayama study. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:876-884. [PMID: 37483119 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients with cognitive disorders is rapidly increasing in the world, becoming not only a medical problem, but also a social problem. There have been many reports that various factors are associated with cognitive dysfunction, but the factors have not yet been fully identified. This was a community-based complete enumeration study which aimed to identify risk and protective factors for dementia. METHODS The first phase included all residents aged 65 years or older in a town in Japan. They completed many examinations, such as living conditions questionnaires, physical examination, Mini-Mental State Examination, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. The participants with suspected cognitive impairment underwent additional examinations for detailed evaluation in the second phase. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk and protective factors for dementia after all participants were diagnosed. RESULTS There were 927 participants in the baseline evaluation; 611 (65.9%) were healthy, 165 (17.8%) had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 151 (16.3%) had dementia. The age-standardised prevalence of dementia was 9.5%. Statistical analyses for amnestic MCI and Alzheimer's disease showed that risk factors for cognitive decline were diabetes mellitus, low activities of daily living, and living alone, and that protective factors were history of exercise and drinking habit. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that several lifestyle-related diseases and factors are associated with cognitive decline. These results support similar findings from previous studies and will be helpful for preventing dementia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Yoshida
- Department of Psychiatry, Zaidan Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Heisei Hospital, Ozu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Heisei Hospital, Ozu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tachibana
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Matsukaze Hospital, Shikokuchuou, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Fumie Horiuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Komori
- Department of Psychiatry, Zaidan Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Office of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, Juzen-Yurinoki Hospital, Niihama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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Acosta-Baena N, Lopera-Gómez CM, Jaramillo-Elorza MC, Velilla-Jiménez L, Villegas-Lanau CA, Sepúlveda-Falla D, Arcos-Burgos M, Lopera F. Early Depressive Symptoms Predict Faster Dementia Progression in Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:911-923. [PMID: 36847011 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and age of onset of cognitive decline in autosomal dominant AD, and to determine possible factors associated to early depressive symptoms in this population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study to identify depressive symptoms among 190 presenilin 1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers, subjected to comprehensive clinical evaluations in up to a 20-year longitudinal follow-up. We controlled for the following potential confounders: APOE, sex, hypothyroidism, education, marital status, residence, tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse. RESULTS PSEN1 E280A carriers with depressive symptoms before mild cognitive impairment (MCI) develop dementia faster than E280A carriers without depressive symptoms (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.15-3.31). Not having a stable partner accelerated the onset of MCI (HR = 1.60; 95 % CI, 1.03-2.47) and dementia (HR = 1.68; 95 % CI, 1.09-2.60). E280A carriers with controlled hypothyroidism had later age of onset of depressive symptoms (HR = 0.48; 95 % CI, 0.25-0.92), dementia (HR = 0.43; 95 % CI, 0.21-0.84), and death (HR = 0.35; 95 % CI, 0.13-0.95). APOEɛ2 significantly affected AD progression in all stages. APOE polymorphisms were not associate to depressive symptoms. Women had a higher frequency and developed earlier depressive symptoms than men throughout the illness (HR = 1.63; 95 % CI, 1.14-2.32). CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms accelerated progress and faster cognitive decline of autosomal dominant AD. Not having a stable partner and factors associated with early depressive symptoms (e.g., in females and individuals with untreated hypothyroidism), could impact prognosis, burden, and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Acosta-Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia (GNA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos M Lopera-Gómez
- Escuela de estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mario C Jaramillo-Elorza
- Escuela de estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina Velilla-Jiménez
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia (GNA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Diego Sepúlveda-Falla
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo GIPSI, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia (GNA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Genome-wide association study identified INSC gene associated with Trail Making Test Part A and Alzheimer's disease related cognitive phenotypes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110393. [PMID: 34224794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Trail Making Test (TMT) Part A (TMT-A) is a good measure of performance on cognitive processing speed. This study aimed to perform a genome-wide association study of TMT-A in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A total of 757 individuals with TMT-A phenotypes and 620,901 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 (ADNI-1) cohort. AD related cognitive phenotypes include TMT-A, TMT-B, Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS13). Multivariable linear regression analysis of TMT-A was conducted using PLINK software. The most TMT-A associated gene was tested with Color Trails Test 1 Form A (CTTA), a culturally fair analog of the TMT-A. Functional annotation of SNPs was performed using the RegulomeDB and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. RESULTS The best signal with TMT-A was rs1108010 (p = 4.34 × 10-8) at 11p15.2 within INSC gene, which was also associated with TMT-B, FAQ, CDR-SB, and ADAS13 (p = 2.47 × 10-4, 8.56 × 10-3, 0.0127 and 0.0188, respectively). Furthermore, suggestive loci were identified such as FOXD2 and CLTA with TMT-A, GBP1/GBP3 with TMT-B, GRIK2 with FAQ, BAALC and CCDC146 with CDR-SB, BAALC and NKAIN2 with ADAS13. Additionally, the best SNP within INSC associated with CTTA was rs7931705 (p = 6.15 × 10-5). Several SNPs had significant eQTLs using GTEx. CONCLUSIONS We identified several genes/loci associated with TMT-A and AD related phenotypes. These findings offer the potential for new insights into the pathogenesis of cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease.
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Li Y, Nan B, Zhu J. A Structured Brain-wide and Genome-wide Association Study Using ADNI PET Images. CAN J STAT 2021; 49:182-202. [PMID: 34566241 DOI: 10.1002/cjs.11605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A multi-stage variable selection method is introduced for detecting association signals in structured brain-wide and genome-wide association studies (brain-GWAS). Compared to conventional single-voxel-to-single-SNP approaches, our approach is more efficient and powerful in selecting the important signals by integrating anatomic and gene grouping structures in the brain and the genome, respectively. It avoids large number of multiple comparisons while effectively controls the false discoveries. Validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by both theoretical investigation and numerical simulations. We apply the proposed method to a brain-GWAS using ADNI PET imaging and genomic data. We confirm previously reported association signals and also find several novel SNPs and genes that either are associated with brain glucose metabolism or have their association significantly modified by Alzheimer's disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Li
- Department of Biotatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Bin Nan
- Department of Statistics, University of California at Irvine Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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6
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Onaolapo OJ, Onaolapo AY, Olowe OA, Udoh MO, Udoh DO, Nathaniel TI. Melatonin and Melatonergic Influence on Neuronal Transcription Factors: Implications for the Development of Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:563-577. [PMID: 31885352 PMCID: PMC7457420 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666191230114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signalling molecule that is secreted by the mammalian pineal gland, and also found in a number of organisms including plants and bacteria. Research has continued to uncover an ever-increasing number of processes in which melatonin is known to play crucial roles in mammals. Amongst these functions is its contribution to cell multiplication, differentiation and survival in the brain. Experimental studies show that melatonin can achieve these functions by influencing transcription factors which control neuronal and glial gene expression. Since neuronal survival and differentiation are processes that are important determinants of the pathogenesis, course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders; the known and potential influences of melatonin on neuronal and glial transcription factors are worthy of constant examination. In this review, relevant scientific literature on the role of melatonin in preventing or altering the course and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders, by focusing on melatonin's influence on transcription factors is examined. A number of transcription factors whose functions can be influenced by melatonin in neurodegenerative disease models have also been highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic implications of melatonin's influences have also been discussed and the potential limitations to its applications have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle J. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Y. Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga A. Olowe
- Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Mojisola O. Udoh
- Department of Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - David O. Udoh
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, 29605, United States
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7
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Muto V, Koshmanova E, Ghaemmaghami P, Jaspar M, Meyer C, Elansary M, Van Egroo M, Chylinski D, Berthomier C, Brandewinder M, Mouraux C, Schmidt C, Hammad G, Coppieters W, Ahariz N, Degueldre C, Luxen A, Salmon E, Phillips C, Archer SN, Yengo L, Byrne E, Collette F, Georges M, Dijk DJ, Maquet P, Visscher PM, Vandewalle G. Alzheimer's disease genetic risk and sleep phenotypes in healthy young men: association with more slow waves and daytime sleepiness. Sleep 2021; 44:5872145. [PMID: 32671396 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbances and genetic variants have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our goal was to assess whether genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) for AD associate with sleep phenotypes in young adults, decades before typical AD symptom onset. METHODS We computed whole-genome PRS for AD and extensively phenotyped sleep under different sleep conditions, including baseline sleep, recovery sleep following sleep deprivation, and extended sleep opportunity, in a carefully selected homogenous sample of 363 healthy young men (22.1 years ± 2.7) devoid of sleep and cognitive disorders. RESULTS AD PRS was associated with more slow-wave energy, that is, the cumulated power in the 0.5-4 Hz EEG band, a marker of sleep need, during habitual sleep and following sleep loss, and potentially with larger slow-wave sleep rebound following sleep deprivation. Furthermore, higher AD PRS was correlated with higher habitual daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that sleep features may be associated with AD liability in young adults, when current AD biomarkers are typically negative, and support the notion that quantifying sleep alterations may be useful in assessing the risk for developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Muto
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Koshmanova
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pouya Ghaemmaghami
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Jaspar
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Meyer
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium
| | | | - Maxime Van Egroo
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daphne Chylinski
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Charlotte Mouraux
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grégory Hammad
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Naima Ahariz
- GIGA-Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Degueldre
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Phillips
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,GIGA-In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Simon N Archer
- Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Loic Yengo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Enda Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Georges
- GIGA-Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Wallonia, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Kuan P, Clouston S, Yang X, Che C, Gandy S, Kotov R, Bromet E, Luft BJ. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis of mild cognitive impairment in World Trade Center disaster responders. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12154. [PMID: 33665344 PMCID: PMC7896635 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research has found that World Trade Center (WTC) responders in their mid-50s have an elevated prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that is associated with neural degeneration and subcortical thinning. This article extends our understanding of the molecular complexity of MCI through gene expression profiling of blood. METHODS The transcriptomics of 40 male WTC responders were profiled across two cohorts (discovery: nine MCI and nine controls; replication: 11 MCI and 11 controls) using CITE-Seq at single-cell resolution in blood. RESULTS Comparing the transcriptomic signatures across seven major cell subpopulations, the largest differences were observed in monocytes in which 226 genes were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis on the genes unique to monocytes identified processes associated with cerebral immune response. DISCUSSION Our findings suggested monocytes may constitute a key cell type to target in blood-based biomarker studies for early detection of risk of MCI and development of new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and StatisticsStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Sean Clouston
- Department of Family and Preventive MedicineStony Book UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Chang Che
- Department of Applied Mathematics and StatisticsStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Samuel Gandy
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of PsychiatryStony Book UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of PsychiatryStony Book UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
| | - Benjamin J. Luft
- Department of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNew YorkUSA
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Dafsari FS, Jessen F. Depression-an underrecognized target for prevention of dementia in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:160. [PMID: 32433512 PMCID: PMC7239844 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is broadly acknowledged that the onset of dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be modifiable by the management of risk factors. While several recent guidelines and multidomain intervention trials on prevention of cognitive decline address lifestyle factors and risk diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, a special reference to the established risk factor of depression or depressive symptoms is systematically lacking. In this article we review epidemiological studies and biological mechanisms linking depression with AD and cognitive decline. We also emphasize the effects of antidepressive treatment on AD pathology including the molecular effects of antidepressants on neurogenesis, amyloid burden, tau pathology, and inflammation. We advocate moving depression and depressive symptoms into the focus of prevention of cognitive decline and dementia. We constitute that early treatment of depressive symptoms may impact on the disease course of AD and affect the risk of developing dementia and we propose the need for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forugh S Dafsari
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Bertogliat MJ, Morris-Blanco KC, Vemuganti R. Epigenetic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury. Neurochem Int 2020; 133:104642. [PMID: 31838024 PMCID: PMC8074401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are emerging as major players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and susceptibility to acute brain injury. DNA and histone modifications act together with non-coding RNAs to form a complex gene expression machinery that adapts the brain to environmental stressors and injury response. These modifications influence cell-level operations like neurogenesis and DNA repair to large, intricate processes such as brain patterning, memory formation, motor function and cognition. Thus, epigenetic imbalance has been shown to influence the progression of many neurological disorders independent of aberrations in the genetic code. This review aims to highlight ways in which epigenetics applies to several commonly researched neurodegenerative diseases and forms of acute brain injury as well as shed light on the benefits of epigenetics-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J Bertogliat
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kahlilia C Morris-Blanco
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Bagyinszky E, Kang MJ, Van Giau V, Shim K, Pyun JM, Suh J, An SSA, Kim S. Novel amyloid precursor protein mutation, Val669Leu ("Seoul APP"), in a Korean patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:236.e1-236.e7. [PMID: 31623876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel mutation in APP gene, Val669Leu ("Seoul APP"), was reported in a Korean female patient with Alzheimer's disease. She developed cognitive decline at 56 years of age, and her memory declined rapidly over one-year period from her 1st visit to the hospital. Her Mini-Mental State Examination scores dropped from 25/30 to 13/30. Two years later, she developed parkinsonian features, myoclonic jerk, and generalized seizure. As the disease progressed, aggravated diffuse brain atrophy and small-vessel ischemic lesion was also observed, and she became mute and vegetative in 4 years from the symptom onset. Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild medial temporal lobe and hippocampal atrophy, and 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed bilateral temporoparietal hypometabolism. Plasma amyloid oligomer analysis revealed highly elevated Aβ oligomers levels in the proband patient. Family history revealed positive without biochemical confirmation because family members testified similar type of cognitive decline from the proband's mother and one of her aunt/uncle. Her half-siblings did not present any signs of memory impairment. Sanger sequencing of the proband patient revealed a novel mutation in APP gene, Val669Leu, but mutation was not found in her unaffected half-sisters. A designed algorithm by Guerreiro et al. on early-onset Alzheimer's disease-associated mutations suggested the mutation as possibly pathogenic mutation. On the other hand, PolyPhen2 and SIFT tools suggested as otherwise. Since the mutation was located nearby the β-secretase cleavage site of APP, right next to the Swedish APP (Lys,Met670/671Asn,Leu) mutation, it was named as "Seoul APP" mutation. 3D modeling revealed that this mutation could result in significant changes in loop orientation of APP and also its intramolecular interactions. Hence, a novel APP Val669Leu mutation could alter the binding interactions between APP and β-secretase, which may influence the Aβ40 and Aβ42 generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuHwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewon Suh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Di Resta C, Ferrari M. New molecular approaches to Alzheimer's disease. Clin Biochem 2019; 72:81-86. [PMID: 31018113 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common and devastating form of dementia. It affects mainly older people, accounting for 50-80% of dementia cases. The age is the main associated risk factor and based on the onset age, early-onset (EOAD) or late-onset (LOAD) forms are distinguished. AD has a strong impact both on the life-style of patients and their families and on the society, due to the high costs related to social and medical care. So far, despite the great advances in understanding of the AD pathogenesis, there is no a cure for this form of dementia and current available treatments are limited to temporarily relieve symptoms. In this review, firstly we give an overview of the current knowledge of the genetic basis of both forms of AD with a particular emphasis on the insights in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of this disorder. Then we discuss the promising relevance of "omics sciences" and the open challenges of the application of Big Data in promoting precision medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Resta
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, Milan, Italy.
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13
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García JC, Bustos RH. The Genetic Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutic Perspectives. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8120222. [PMID: 30551598 PMCID: PMC6316116 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics has led to a new focus regarding approaches to the most prevalent diseases today. Ascertaining the molecular secrets of neurodegenerative diseases will lead to developing drugs that will change natural history, thereby affecting the quality of life and mortality of patients. The sequencing of candidate genes in patients suffering neurodegenerative pathologies is faster, more accurate, and has a lower cost, thereby enabling algorithms to be proposed regarding the risk of neurodegeneration onset in healthy persons including the year of onset and neurodegeneration severity. Next generation sequencing has resulted in an explosion of articles regarding the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases involving exome sequencing or sequencing a whole gene for correlating phenotypical expression with genetic mutations in proteins having key functions. Many of them occur in neuronal glia, which can trigger a proinflammatory effect leading to defective proteins causing sporadic or familial mutations. This article reviews the genetic diagnosis techniques and the importance of bioinformatics in interpreting results from neurodegenerative diseases. Risk scores must be established in the near future regarding diseases with a high incidence in healthy people for defining prevention strategies or an early start for giving drugs in the absence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio-César García
- Evidence-Based Therapeutics Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia.
| | - Rosa-Helena Bustos
- Evidence-Based Therapeutics Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia.
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Santana I, Baldeiras I, Santiago B, Duro D, Freitas S, Pereira MT, Almeida MR, Oliveira CR. Underlying Biological Processes in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Amyloidosis Versus Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:S647-S657. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-179908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Santana
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santiago
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Duro
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Freitas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Tábuas Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Catarina Resende Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Moon SW, Lee B, Choi YC. Changes in the Hippocampal Volume and Shape in Early-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:531-537. [PMID: 29695149 PMCID: PMC5976007 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the change in the hippocampal volume and shape in early-onset mild cognitive impairment (EO-MCI) associated with the APOE ε4 carrier state. METHODS This study had 50 subjects aged 55-63 years, all of whom were diagnosed with MCI at baseline via the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet. The EO-MCI patients were divided into the MCI continued (MCIcont) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) converted (ADconv) groups 2 years later. The hippocampal volume and shape were measured for all the subjects. The local shape analysis (LSA) was used to conduct based on the 2-year-interval magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between APOE ε4 allele and hippocampal volume atrophy. Over two years, the volume reduction in the left hippocampus was found to be faster than that in the right hippocampus, especially in the APOE ε4 carriers. LSA showed that the 2 subfields were significantly affected in the left hippocampus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the possession of APOE ε4 allele may lead to greater predilection for left hippocampal atrophy in EO-MCI, and some specific subfields of the hippocampus may be more prominently involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chil Choi
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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16
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Vanniya S P, Srisailapathy CRS, Kunka Mohanram R. The tip link protein Cadherin-23: From Hearing Loss to Cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:25-35. [PMID: 29421162 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-23 is an atypical member of the cadherin superfamily, with a distinctly long extracellular domain. It has been known to be a part of the tip links of the inner ear mechanosensory hair cells. Several studies have been carried out to understand the role of Cadherin-23 in the hearing mechanism and defects in the CDH23 have been associated with hearing impairment resulting from defective or absence of tip links. Recent studies have highlighted the role of Cadherin-23 in several pathological conditions, including cancer, suggesting the presence of several unknown functions. Initially, it was proposed that Cadherin-23 represents a yet unspecified subtype of Cadherins; however, no other proteins with similar characteristics have been identified, till date. It has a unique cytoplasmic domain that does not bear a β-catenin binding region, but has been demonstrated to mediate cell-cell adhesions. Several protein interacting partners have been identified for Cadherin-23 and the roles of their interactions in various cellular mechanisms are yet to be explored. This review summarizes the characteristics of Cadherin-23 and its roles in several pathologies including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhy Vanniya S
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - C R Srikumari Srisailapathy
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, India.
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17
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Del-Aguila JL, Fernández MV, Schindler S, Ibanez L, Deming Y, Ma S, Saef B, Black K, Budde J, Norton J, Chasse R, Harari O, Goate A, Xiong C, Morris JC, Cruchaga C. Assessment of the Genetic Architecture of Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Rate of Memory Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:745-756. [PMID: 29480181 PMCID: PMC5989565 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many genetic studies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been focused on the identification of common genetic variants associated with AD risk and not on other aspects of the disease, such as age at onset or rate of dementia progression. There are multiple approaches to untangling the genetic architecture of these phenotypes. We hypothesized that the genetic architecture of rate of progression is different than the risk for developing AD dementia. To test this hypothesis, we used longitudinal clinical data from ADNI and the Knight-ADRC at Washington University, and we calculated PRS (polygenic risk score) based on the IGAP study to compare the genetic architecture of AD risk and dementia progression. Dementia progression was measured by the change of Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR)-SB per year. Out of the 21 loci for AD risk, no association with the rate of dementia progression was found. The PRS rate was significantly associated with the rate of dementia progression (β= 0.146, p = 0.03). In the case of rare variants, TREM2 (β= 0.309, p = 0.02) was also associated with the rate of dementia progression. TREM2 variant carriers showed a 23% faster rate of dementia compared with non-variant carriers. In conclusion, our results indicate that the recently identified common and rare variants for AD susceptibility have a limited impact on the rate of dementia progression in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne Schindler
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shengmei Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ben Saef
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joanne Norton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Chasse
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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18
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Doherty A, Kernogitski Y, Kulminski AM, Pedro de Magalhães J. Identification of polymorphisms in cancer patients that differentially affect survival with age. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:2117-2136. [PMID: 29064820 PMCID: PMC5680559 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts that the proportion of the world's population over 60 will almost double from 12% to 22% between 2015 and 2050. Ageing is the biggest risk factor for cancer, which is a leading cause of deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, research describing how genetic variants affect cancer progression commonly neglects to account for the ageing process. Herein is the first systematic analysis that combines a large longitudinal data set with a targeted candidate gene approach to examine the effect of genetic variation on survival as a function of age in cancer patients. Survival was significantly decreased in individuals with heterozygote or rare homozygote (i.e. variant) genotypes compared to those with a common homozygote genotype (i.e. wild type) for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs11574358 and rs4147918), one gene (SIRT3) and one pathway (FoxO signalling) in an age-dependent manner. All identified genes and pathways have previously been associated with ageing and cancer. These observations demonstrate that there are ageing-related genetic elements that differentially affect mortality in cancer patients in an age-dependent manner. Understanding the genetic determinants affecting prognosis differently with age will be invaluable to develop age-specific prognostic biomarkers and personalized therapies that may improve clinical outcomes for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Doherty
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Yelena Kernogitski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit (BARU), Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit (BARU), Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
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Krysinska K, Sachdev PS, Breitner J, Kivipelto M, Kukull W, Brodaty H. Dementia registries around the globe and their applications: A systematic review. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:1031-1047. [PMID: 28576507 PMCID: PMC6872163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patient registries are valuable tools helping to address significant challenges in research, care, and policy. Registries, well embedded in many fields of medicine and public health, are relatively new in dementia. This systematic review presents the current situation in regards to dementia registries worldwide. We identified 31 dementia registries operating on an international, national, or local level between 1986 and 2016. More than half of the registries aimed to conduct or facilitate research, including preclinical research registries and registries recruiting research volunteers. Other dementia registries collected epidemiological or quality of care data. We present evidence of practical and economic outcomes of registries for research, clinical practice and policy, and recommendations for future development. Global harmonization of recruitment methods and minimum data would facilitate international comparisons. Registries provide a positive return on investment; their establishment and maintenance require ongoing support by government, policy makers, research funding bodies, clinicians, and individuals with dementia and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krysinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Faculty of Medicine, Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, Australia; NPI, Euroa Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Breitner
- McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Walter Kukull
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Faculty of Medicine, Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, Australia; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), NSW, Australia; NPI, Euroa Centre, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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20
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Barykin EP, Mitkevich VA, Kozin SA, Makarov AA. Amyloid β Modification: A Key to the Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease? Front Genet 2017; 8:58. [PMID: 28555154 PMCID: PMC5430028 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny P Barykin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Mitkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow, Russia
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21
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Hu YS, Xin J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Wang J. Analyzing the genes related to Alzheimer's disease via a network and pathway-based approach. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:29. [PMID: 28446202 PMCID: PMC5406904 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains incomplete. Previous studies have revealed that genetic factors provide a significant contribution to the pathogenesis and development of AD. In the past years, numerous genes implicated in this disease have been identified via genetic association studies on candidate genes or at the genome-wide level. However, in many cases, the roles of these genes and their interactions in AD are still unclear. A comprehensive and systematic analysis focusing on the biological function and interactions of these genes in the context of AD will therefore provide valuable insights to understand the molecular features of the disease. Method In this study, we collected genes potentially associated with AD by screening publications on genetic association studies deposited in PubMed. The major biological themes linked with these genes were then revealed by function and biochemical pathway enrichment analysis, and the relation between the pathways was explored by pathway crosstalk analysis. Furthermore, the network features of these AD-related genes were analyzed in the context of human interactome and an AD-specific network was inferred using the Steiner minimal tree algorithm. Results We compiled 430 human genes reported to be associated with AD from 823 publications. Biological theme analysis indicated that the biological processes and biochemical pathways related to neurodevelopment, metabolism, cell growth and/or survival, and immunology were enriched in these genes. Pathway crosstalk analysis then revealed that the significantly enriched pathways could be grouped into three interlinked modules—neuronal and metabolic module, cell growth/survival and neuroendocrine pathway module, and immune response-related module—indicating an AD-specific immune-endocrine-neuronal regulatory network. Furthermore, an AD-specific protein network was inferred and novel genes potentially associated with AD were identified. Conclusion By means of network and pathway-based methodology, we explored the pathogenetic mechanism underlying AD at a systems biology level. Results from our work could provide valuable clues for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying AD. In addition, the framework proposed in this study could be used to investigate the pathological molecular network and genes relevant to other complex diseases or phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0252-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Shi Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Juncai Xin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ju Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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22
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Larsen PA, Lutz MW, Hunnicutt KE, Mihovilovic M, Saunders AM, Yoder AD, Roses AD. The Alu neurodegeneration hypothesis: A primate-specific mechanism for neuronal transcription noise, mitochondrial dysfunction, and manifestation of neurodegenerative disease. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:828-838. [PMID: 28242298 PMCID: PMC6647845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that retrotransposons have played a fundamental role in primate evolution and that enhanced neurologic retrotransposon activity in humans may underlie the origin of higher cognitive function. As a potential consequence of this enhanced activity, it is likely that neurons are susceptible to deleterious retrotransposon pathways that can disrupt mitochondrial function. An example is observed in the TOMM40 gene, encoding a β-barrel protein critical for mitochondrial preprotein transport. Primate-specific Alu retrotransposons have repeatedly inserted into TOMM40 introns, and at least one variant associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease originated from an Alu insertion event. We provide evidence of enriched Alu content in mitochondrial genes and postulate that Alus can disrupt mitochondrial populations in neurons, thereby setting the stage for progressive neurologic dysfunction. This Alu neurodegeneration hypothesis is compatible with decades of research and offers a plausible mechanism for the disruption of neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis, ultimately cascading into neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mirta Mihovilovic
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allen D Roses
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Durham, NC, USA
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Naj AC, Schellenberg GD. Genomic variants, genes, and pathways of Alzheimer's disease: An overview. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:5-26. [PMID: 27943641 PMCID: PMC6179157 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) (MIM: 104300) is a highly heritable disease with great complexity in its genetic contributors, and represents the most common form of dementia. With the gradual aging of the world's population, leading to increased prevalence of AD, and the substantial cost of care for those afflicted, identifying the genetic causes of disease represents a critical effort in identifying therapeutic targets. Here we provide a comprehensive review of genomic studies of AD, from the earliest linkage studies identifying monogenic contributors to early-onset forms of AD to the genome-wide and rare variant association studies of recent years that are being used to characterize the mosaic of genetic contributors to late-onset AD (LOAD), and which have identified approximately ∼20 genes with common variants contributing to LOAD risk. In addition, we explore studies employing alternative approaches to identify genetic contributors to AD, including studies of AD-related phenotypes and multi-variant association studies such as pathway analyses. Finally, we introduce studies of next-generation sequencing, which have recently helped identify multiple low-frequency and rare variant contributors to AD, and discuss on-going efforts with next-generation sequencing studies to develop statistically well- powered and comprehensive genomic studies of AD. Through this review, we help uncover the many insights the genetics of AD have provided into the pathways and pathophysiology of AD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Shen L, Jia J. An Overview of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:183-90. [PMID: 26810783 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed a plethora of putative susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the sole exception of the APOE gene, these AD susceptibility genes have not been unequivocally validated in independent studies. No single novel functional risk genetic variant has been identified. In this review, we evaluate recent GWASs of AD, and discuss their significance, limitations, and challenges in the investigation of the genetic spectrum of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Rezazadeh M, Khorrami A, Yeghaneh T, Talebi M, Kiani SJ, Heshmati Y, Gharesouran J. Genetic Factors Affecting Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 18:37-49. [PMID: 26553058 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is considered a progressive brain disease in the older population. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) as a multifactorial dementia has a polygenic inheritance. Age, environment, and lifestyle along with a growing number of genetic factors have been reported as risk factors for LOAD. Our aim was to present results of LOAD association studies that have been done in northwestern Iran, and we also explored possible interactions with apolipoprotein E (APOE) status. We re-evaluated the association of these markers in dominant, recessive, and additive models. In all, 160 LOAD and 163 healthy control subjects of Azeri Turkish ethnicity were studied. The Chi-square test with Yates' correction and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. A Bonferroni-corrected p value, based on the number of statistical tests, was considered significant. Our results confirmed that chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α), APOE, bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), and phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) are LOAD susceptibility loci in Azeri Turk ancestry populations. Among them, variants of CCR2, ESR1, TNF α, and APOE revealed associations in three different genetic models. After adjusting for APOE, the association (both allelic and genotypic) with CCR2, BIN1, and ESRα (PvuII) was evident only among subjects without the APOE ε4, whereas the association with CCR5, without Bonferroni correction, was significant only among subjects carrying the APOE ε4 allele. This result is an evidence of a synergistic and antagonistic effect of APOE on variant associations with LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aziz Khorrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tarlan Yeghaneh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, H7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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26
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Nguyen KV. Epigenetic Regulation in Amyloid Precursor Protein with Genomic Rearrangements and the Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 34:674-90. [PMID: 26398526 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently, epigenetic regulation of alternative APP pre-mRNA splicing in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) has been studied (see Ref. 7) and showed for the first time, the presence of several APP-mRNA isoforms encoding divers APP protein isoforms ranging from 120 to 770 amino acids (with or without mutations and/or deletions). Here, by continuing on this work, I identified, for the first time new APP-mRNA isoforms with a deletion followed by an insertion (INDELS) in LNS and LNVs patients: c.19_2295delinsG166TT…GAGTCC…CTTAGTC…TCT489,p.Leu7Valfs*2;c.19_2295 delinsG169TT…GAGACC…CTTGGTC…TCT492,p.Leu7Valfs*2;and c.16_2313delinsG84CC…CAT616,p.Leu7Hisfs*45. A role of genomic rearrangements of APP gene via the Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS) mechanism leading to INDELS was suggested. Epistasis between mutated HPRT1 and APP genes could be one of the factors of epigenetic modifications responsible for genomic rearrangements of APP gene. My findings accounted for epigenetic mechanism in the regulation of alternative APP pre-mRNA splicing as well as for epigenetic control of genomic rearrangements of APP gene may provide therefore new directions not only for investigating the role of APP in neuropathology associated with HGprt-deficiency in LNS and LNVs patients but also for the research in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders by which APP gene involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases such as autism, fragile X syndrome (FXS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) with its diversity and complexity, especially for sporadic form of AD (SAD). An accurate quantification of various APP-mRNA isoforms in brain tissues for detection of initial pathological changes or pathology development is needed and antisense drugs are the potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khue Vu Nguyen
- a Department of Medicine, Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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Cochran JN, Rush T, Buckingham SC, Roberson ED. The Alzheimer's disease risk factor CD2AP maintains blood-brain barrier integrity. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6667-74. [PMID: 26358779 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is a leading genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but little is known about the function of CD2AP in the brain. We studied CD2AP(-/-) mice to address this question. Because CD2AP(-/-) mice normally die by 6 weeks from nephrotic syndrome, we used mice that also express a CD2AP transgene in the kidney, but not brain, to attenuate this phenotype. CD2AP-deficient mice had no behavioral abnormalities except for mild motor and anxiety deficits in a subset of CD2AP(-/-) mice exhibiting severe nephrotic syndrome, associated with systemic illness. Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures occurred with shorter latency in CD2AP(-/-) mice, but characteristics of these seizures on electroencephalography were not altered. As CD2AP is expressed in brain-adjacent endothelial cells, we hypothesized that the shorter latency to seizures without detectably different seizure characteristics may be due to increased penetration of PTZ related to compromised blood-brain barrier integrity. Using sodium fluorescein extravasation, we found that CD2AP(-/-) mice had reduced blood-brain barrier integrity. Neither seizure severity nor blood-brain barrier integrity was correlated with nephrotic syndrome, indicating that these effects are dissociable from the systemic illness associated with CD2AP deficiency. Confirming this dissociation, wild-type mice with induced nephrotic syndrome maintained an intact blood-brain barrier. Taken together, our results support a role of CD2AP in mediating blood-brain barrier integrity and suggest that cerebrovascular roles of CD2AP could contribute to its effects on Alzheimer's disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nicholas Cochran
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Travis Rush
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Susan C Buckingham
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Moon SW, Dinov ID, Hobel S, Zamanyan A, Choi YC, Shi R, Thompson PM, Toga AW. Structural Brain Changes in Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease Subjects Using the LONI Pipeline Environment. J Neuroimaging 2015; 25:728-37. [PMID: 25940587 PMCID: PMC4537660 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study investigates 36 subjects aged 55-65 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to expand our knowledge of early-onset (EO) Alzheimer's Disease (EO-AD) using neuroimaging biomarkers. METHODS Nine of the subjects had EO-AD, and 27 had EO mild cognitive impairment (EO-MCI). The structural ADNI data were parcellated using BrainParser, and the 15 most discriminating neuroimaging markers between the two cohorts were extracted using the Global Shape Analysis (GSA) Pipeline workflow. Then the Local Shape Analysis (LSA) Pipeline workflow was used to conduct local (per-vertex) post-hoc statistical analyses of the shape differences based on the participants' diagnoses (EO-MCI+EO-AD). Tensor-based Morphometry (TBM) and multivariate regression models were used to identify the significance of the structural brain differences based on the participants' diagnoses. RESULTS The significant between-group regional differences using GSA were found in 15 neuroimaging markers. The results of the LSA analysis workflow were based on the subject diagnosis, age, years of education, apolipoprotein E (ε4), Mini-Mental State Examination, visiting times, and logical memory as regressors. All the variables had significant effects on the regional shape measures. Some of these effects survived the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Similarly, the TBM analysis showed significant effects on the Jacobian displacement vector fields, but these effects were reduced after FDR correction. CONCLUSIONS These results may explain some of the differences between EO-AD and EO-MCI, and some of the characteristics of the EO cognitive impairment subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ivo D. Dinov
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sam Hobel
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Alen Zamanyan
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Young Chil Choi
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ran Shi
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
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Del-Aguila JL, Koboldt DC, Black K, Chasse R, Norton J, Wilson RK, Cruchaga C. Alzheimer's disease: rare variants with large effect sizes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 33:49-55. [PMID: 26311074 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing technology and novel genotyping arrays (focused on low-frequency and coding variants) have made it possible to identify novel coding variants with large effect sizes and also novel genes (TREM2, PLD3, UNC5C, and AKAP9) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The major advantages of these studies over the classic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) include the identification of the functional variant and the gene-driven association. In addition to the large effect size, these studies make it possible to model these variants and genes using cell and animal systems. On the other hand, the underlying population-variability of these very low allele frequency variants poses a great challenge to replicating results. Studies that include very large datasets (>10,000 cases and controls) and combine sequencing and genotyping approaches will lead to the identification of novel genes for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel Chasse
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joanne Norton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders. Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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30
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the main form of dementia, and is a major public health problem. Despite intensive research efforts, current treatments have only marginal symptomatic benefits and there are no effective disease-modifying or preventive interventions. AD has a strong genetic component, so much research in AD has focused on identifying genetic causes and risk factors. This chapter will cover genetic discoveries in AD and their consequences in terms of improved knowledge regarding the disease and the identification of biomarkers and drug targets. First, we will discuss the study of the rare early-onset, autosomal dominant forms of AD that led to the discovery of mutations in three major genes, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. These discoveries have shaped our current understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of AD as well as the development of therapeutic targets and the design of clinical trials. Then, we will explore linkage analysis and candidate gene approaches, which identified variants in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) as the major genetic risk factor for late-onset, "sporadic" forms of AD (LOAD), but failed to robustly identify other genetic risk factors, with the exception of variants in SORL1. The main focus of this chapter will be on recent genome-wide association studies that have successfully identified common genetic variations at over 20 loci associated with LOAD outside of the APOE locus. These loci are in or near-novel AD genes including BIN1, CR1, CLU, phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), CD33, EPHA1, MS4A4/MS4A6, ABCA7, CD2AP, SORL1, HLA-DRB5/DRB1, PTK2B, SLC24A4-RIN3, INPP5D, MEF2C, NME8, ZCWPW1, CELF1, FERMT2, CASS4, and TRIP4 and each has small effects on risk of AD (relative risks of 1.1-1.3). Finally, we will touch upon the ongoing effort to identify less frequent and rare variants through whole exome and whole genome sequencing. This effort has identified two novel genes, TREM2 and PLD3, and shown a role for APP in LOAD. The identification of these recently identified genes has implicated previously unsuspected biological pathways in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
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Yan J, Kim S, Nho K, Chen R, Risacher SL, Moore JH, Saykin AJ, Shen L. Hippocampal transcriptome-guided genetic analysis of correlated episodic memory phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2015; 6:117. [PMID: 25859259 PMCID: PMC4374536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder initially manifested by impaired memory performances. While the diagnosis information indicates a dichotomous status of a patient, memory scores have the potential to capture the continuous nature of the disease progression and may provide more insights into the underlying mechanism. In this work, we performed a targeted genetic study of memory scores on an AD cohort to identify the associations between a set of genes highly expressed in the hippocampal region and seven cognitive scores related to episodic memory. Both main effects and interaction effects of the targeted genetic markers on these correlated memory scores were examined. In addition to well-known AD genetic markers APOE and TOMM40, our analysis identified a new risk gene NAV2 through the gene-level main effect analysis. NAV2 was found to be significantly and consistently associated with all seven episodic memory scores. Genetic interaction analysis also yielded a few promising hits warranting further investigation, especially for the RAVLT list B Score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yan
- BioHealth, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Computer Science, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason H Moore
- Genetics, Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Li Shen
- BioHealth, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA ; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Vingtdeux V, Tanis JE, Chandakkar P, Zhao H, Dreses-Werringloer U, Campagne F, Foskett JK, Marambaud P. Effect of the CALHM1 G330D and R154H human variants on the control of cytosolic Ca2+ and Aβ levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112484. [PMID: 25386646 PMCID: PMC4227689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CALHM1 is a plasma membrane voltage-gated Ca2+-permeable ion channel that controls amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism and is potentially involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, Rubio-Moscardo et al. (PLoS One (2013) 8: e74203) reported the identification of two CALHM1 variants, G330D and R154H, in early-onset AD (EOAD) patients. The authors provided evidence that these two human variants were rare and resulted in a complete loss of CALHM1 function. Recent publicly available large-scale exome sequencing data confirmed that R154H is a rare CALHM1 variant (minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.015%), but that G330D is not (MAF = 3.5% in an African American cohort). Here, we show that both CALHM1 variants exhibited gating and permeation properties indistinguishable from wild-type CALHM1 when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. While there was also no effect of the G330D mutation on Ca2+ uptake by CALHM1 in transfected mammalian cells, the R154H mutation was associated with defects in the control by CALHM1 of both Ca2+ uptake and Aβ levels in this cell system. Together, our data show that the frequent CALHM1 G330D variant has no obvious functional consequences and is therefore unlikely to contribute to EOAD. Our data also demonstrate that the rare R154H variant interferes with CALHM1 control of cytosolic Ca2+ and Aβ accumulation. While these results strengthen the notion that CALHM1 influences Aβ metabolism, further investigation will be required to determine whether CALHM1 R154H, or other natural variants in CALHM1, is/are associated with EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vingtdeux
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Tanis
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Pallavi Chandakkar
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Haitian Zhao
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Ute Dreses-Werringloer
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Fabien Campagne
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, The Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - J. Kevin Foskett
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lord J, Lu AJ, Cruchaga C. Identification of rare variants in Alzheimer's disease. Front Genet 2014; 5:369. [PMID: 25389433 PMCID: PMC4211559 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Much progress has been made in recent years in identifying genes involved in the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. Yet despite the identification of over 20 disease associated loci, mainly through genome wide association studies (GWAS), a large proportion of the genetic component of the disorder remains unexplained. Recent evidence from the AD field, as with other complex diseases, suggests a large proportion of this "missing heritability" may be due to rare variants of moderate to large effect size, but the methodologies to detect such variants are still in their infancy. The latest studies in the field have been focused on the identification of coding variation associated with AD risk, through whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing. Such variants are expected to have larger effect sizes than GWAS loci, and are easier to functionally characterize, and develop cellular and animal models for. This review explores the issues involved in detecting rare variant associations in the context of AD, highlighting some successful approaches utilized to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lord
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander J. Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
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34
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Abstract
Two independent epigenome-wide association studies of Alzheimer’s disease cohorts have identified overlapping methylation signals in four loci, ANK1, RPL13, RHBDF2 and CDH23, not previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease. These studies also suggest that epigenetic changes contribute more to Alzheimer’s disease than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lord
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. [2] Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Corbo RM, Gambina G, Broggio E, Scarabino D, Scacchi R. Association study of two steroid biosynthesis genes (COMT and CYP17) with Alzheimer's disease in the Italian population. J Neurol Sci 2014; 344:149-53. [PMID: 25012481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The greater predisposition of women to Alzheimer's disease (AD), owing to the decrease in postmenopausal estrogen, may be influenced by polymorphic variation in genes regulating estrogen metabolism (e.g., COMT) and estrogen biosynthesis (e.g., CYP17). In order to better understand how the estrogen pathway genetic variation might affect AD onset, we conducted a case-control study of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these two genes (COMT rs4680 and CYP17 rs743572) in a sample of AD patients of Italian origin. The COMT allele and genotype were found associated neither with AD onset nor with parameters of AD severity, such as cognitive impairment, age at onset, or disease duration. In contrast, CYP17 was found to affect the age at disease onset mainly in males and, as compared with noncarriers, people carrying the A2 (C) allele had a 2.2-fold increased risk for AD. These findings suggest that the CYP17 A2 allele influences AD susceptibility in a sex-specific way by acting not only on AD risk but also on the age at disease onset, an important parameter of AD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Corbo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; CNR Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, Via E. Ramerini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gambina
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neuroscience, University and Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Broggio
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neuroscience, University and Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Scarabino
- CNR Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology, Via E. Ramerini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Scacchi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Zetzsche T, Rujescu D, Hardy J, Hampel H. Advances and perspectives from genetic research: development of biological markers in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:667-90. [PMID: 20629514 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zetzsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, Munich, Germany. thomas.zetzsche@ med.uni-muenchen.de
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Combarros O. Genetic Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6380-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Wang H, Jiang L, Liu X, Yang J, Wei J, Xu J, Zhang Q, Liu JF. A post-GWAS replication study confirming the PTK2 gene associated with milk production traits in Chinese Holstein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83625. [PMID: 24386238 PMCID: PMC3873394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) demonstrated that two SNPs (ARS-BFGL-NGS-33248, UA-IFASA-9288) within the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) gene were significantly associated with milk production traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cattle. To further validate if the statistical evidence provided in GWAS were true-positive findings, a replication study was performed herein through genotype-phenotype associations. The two tested SNPs were found to show significant associations with milk production traits, which confirmed the associations observed in the original study. Specifically, SNPs lying in the PTK2 gene were also detected by sequencing 14 unrelated sires in Chinese Holsteins and a total of thirty-three novel SNPs were identified. Thirteen out of these identified SNPs were genotyped and tested for association with milk production traits in an independent resource population. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, twelve SNPs were statistically significant for more than two milk production traits. Analyses of pairwise D' measures of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between all SNPs were also explored. Two haplotype blocks were inferred and the association study at haplotype level revealed similar effects on milk production traits. In addition, the RNA expression analyses revealed that a non-synonymous coding SNP (g.4061098T>G) was involved in the regulation of gene expression. Thus the findings presented here provide strong evidence for associations of PTK2 variants with dairy production traits and may be applied in Chinese Holstein breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Julong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Braskie MN, Toga AW, Thompson PM. Recent advances in imaging Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 33 Suppl 1:S313-27. [PMID: 22672880 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-129016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in brain imaging technology in the past five years have contributed greatly to the understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we review recent research related to amyloid imaging, new methods for magnetic resonance imaging analyses, and statistical methods. We also review research that evaluates AD risk factors and brain imaging, in the context of AD prediction and progression. We selected a variety of illustrative studies, describing how they advanced the field and are leading AD research in promising new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith N Braskie
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7334, USA
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Demetrius LA, Simon DK. The inverse association of cancer and Alzheimer's: a bioenergetic mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130006. [PMID: 23427097 PMCID: PMC3627084 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sporadic forms of cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both age-related metabolic disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the two diseases are distinct: cancer is described by essentially limitless replicative potential, whereas neuronal death is a key feature of AD. Studies of the origin of both diseases indicate that their sporadic forms are the result of metabolic dysregulation, and a compensatory increase in energy transduction that is inversely related. In cancer, the compensatory metabolic effect is the upregulation of glycolysis-the Warburg effect; in AD, a bioenergetic model based on the interaction between astrocytes and neurons indicates that the compensatory metabolic alteration is the upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation-an inverse Warburg effect. These two modes of metabolic alteration could contribute to an inverse relation between the incidence of the two diseases. We invoke this bioenergetic mechanism to furnish a molecular basis for an epidemiological observation, namely the incidence of sporadic forms of cancer and AD is inversely related. We furthermore exploit the molecular mechanisms underlying the diseases to propose common therapeutic strategies for cancer and AD based on metabolic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd A Demetrius
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Miyashita A, Koike A, Jun G, Wang LS, Takahashi S, Matsubara E, Kawarabayashi T, Shoji M, Tomita N, Arai H, Asada T, Harigaya Y, Ikeda M, Amari M, Hanyu H, Higuchi S, Ikeuchi T, Nishizawa M, Suga M, Kawase Y, Akatsu H, Kosaka K, Yamamoto T, Imagawa M, Hamaguchi T, Yamada M, Moriaha T, Takeda M, Takao T, Nakata K, Fujisawa Y, Sasaki K, Watanabe K, Nakashima K, Urakami K, Ooya T, Takahashi M, Yuzuriha T, Serikawa K, Yoshimoto S, Nakagawa R, Kim JW, Ki CS, Won HH, Na DL, Seo SW, Mook-Jung I, St. George-Hyslop P, Mayeux R, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Yoshida M, Nishida N, Tokunaga K, Yamamoto K, Tsuji S, Kanazawa I, Ihara Y, Schellenberg GD, Farrer LA, Kuwano R. SORL1 is genetically associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Japanese, Koreans and Caucasians. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58618. [PMID: 23565137 PMCID: PMC3614978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover susceptibility genes of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), we conducted a 3-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) using three populations: Japanese from the Japanese Genetic Consortium for Alzheimer Disease (JGSCAD), Koreans, and Caucasians from the Alzheimer Disease Genetic Consortium (ADGC). In Stage 1, we evaluated data for 5,877,918 genotyped and imputed SNPs in Japanese cases (n = 1,008) and controls (n = 1,016). Genome-wide significance was observed with 12 SNPs in the APOE region. Seven SNPs from other distinct regions with p-values <2×10(-5) were genotyped in a second Japanese sample (885 cases, 985 controls), and evidence of association was confirmed for one SORL1 SNP (rs3781834, P = 7.33×10(-7) in the combined sample). Subsequent analysis combining results for several SORL1 SNPs in the Japanese, Korean (339 cases, 1,129 controls) and Caucasians (11,840 AD cases, 10,931 controls) revealed genome wide significance with rs11218343 (P = 1.77×10(-9)) and rs3781834 (P = 1.04×10(-8)). SNPs in previously established AD loci in Caucasians showed strong evidence of association in Japanese including rs3851179 near PICALM (P = 1.71×10(-5)) and rs744373 near BIN1 (P = 1.39×10(-4)). The associated allele for each of these SNPs was the same as in Caucasians. These data demonstrate for the first time genome-wide significance of LOAD with SORL1 and confirm the role of other known loci for LOAD in Japanese. Our study highlights the importance of examining associations in multiple ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asako Koike
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Etsuro Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawarabayashi
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Shoji
- Department of Neurology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- Department of Geriatric and Complementary Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatric and Complementary Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Asada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Harigaya
- Department of Neurology, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakuni Amari
- Department of Neurology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Haruo Hanyu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- Division of Clinical Research, Kurihama Alcoholism Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masatoyo Nishizawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kosaka
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | | | | | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Moriaha
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katsuya Urakami
- Department of Biological Regulation, Section of Environment and Health Science, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuo Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takefumi Yuzuriha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Center, Saga, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L. Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Peter St. George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Nao Nishida
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kanazawa
- National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ihara
- Department of Neuropathology, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RK); (LAF)
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- * E-mail: (RK); (LAF)
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Koutroumani M, Daniilidou M, Giannakouros T, Proitsi P, Liapi D, Germanou A, Nikolakaki E, Tsolaki M. The deletion variant of α2b-adrenergic receptor is associated with decreased risk in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. J Neurol Sci 2013; 328:19-23. [PMID: 23499426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A common genetic polymorphism of the α2b-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2B) resulting in a deletion of three glutamic acids located on the third intracellular loop of the protein, has been associated with memory formation enhanced by emotional events. Additionally, there are several studies documenting the involvement of this polymorphism in other types of cognition, such as episodic memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship of this genetic variance with a common memory affecting disease, Alzheimer's disease. Our study was carried out in a total number of 311 Greek subjects, including 119 sporadic AD patients, 95 MCI cases and 97 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and the fragments containing the polymorphism were amplified by PCR analysis. A genotypic analysis of the APOE polymorphism was also carried out. A significant difference in the frequency of the ADRA2B genetic variation among the three groups was observed. Specifically, the deletion variant is more prevalent in controls than in AD and MCI patients. Our data demonstrate for the first time an independent contribution of the ADRA2B genetic polymorphism to memory impairment and we further suggest a possible protective role of the deletion variant against the disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koutroumani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ertekin-Taner N, De Jager PL, Yu L, Bennett DA. Alternative Approaches in Gene Discovery and Characterization in Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2013; 1:39-51. [PMID: 23482655 PMCID: PMC3584671 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-013-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the genetic risk and protective factors for complex diseases is of fundamental importance for advancing therapeutic and biomarker discoveries. This endeavor is particularly challenging for neuropsychiatric diseases where diagnoses predominantly rely on the clinical presentation, which may be heterogeneous, possibly due to the heterogeneity of the underlying genetic susceptibility factors and environmental exposures. Although genome-wide association studies of various neuropsychiatric diseases have recently identified susceptibility loci, there likely remain additional genetic risk factors that underlie the liability to these conditions. Furthermore, identification and characterization of the causal risk variant(s) in each of these novel susceptibility loci constitute a formidable task, particularly in the absence of any prior knowledge about their function or mechanism of action. Biologically relevant, quantitative phenotypes, i.e., endophenotypes, provide a powerful alternative to the more traditional, binary disease phenotypes in the discovery and characterization of susceptibility genes for neuropsychiatric conditions. In this review, we focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a model neuropsychiatric disease and provide a synopsis of the recent literature on the use of endophenotypes in AD genetics. We highlight gene expression, neuropathology and cognitive endophenotypes in AD, with examples demonstrating the utility of these alternative approaches in the discovery of novel susceptibility genes and pathways. In addition, we discuss how these avenues generate testable hypothesis about the pathophysiology of genetic factors that have far-reaching implications for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Birdsall 3, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Phillip L. De Jager
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur NRB168, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative adult-onset dementias are complex and multifactorial diseases that are most commonly caused by environmental, genetic, or mixed environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the genetic causes, a variety of phenotypes may present. This article reviews several of the genetic risk factors for the most common dementias encountered in neurology. Practical implications of genetic testing and pharmacogenomic considerations for clinical practice are also discussed.
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Developmental regulation of expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in the primate hippocampal formation. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e173. [PMID: 23092977 PMCID: PMC3565813 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is essential for normal memory function and is implicated in many neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, abnormalities in hippocampal structure and function have been identified in schizophrenic subjects. Schizophrenia has a strong polygenic component, but the role of numerous susceptibility genes in normal brain development and function has yet to be investigated. Here we described the expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in distinct regions of the monkey hippocampal formation during early postnatal development. We found that, as compared with other genes, schizophrenia susceptibility genes exhibit a differential regulation of expression in the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1, over the course of postnatal development. A number of these genes involved in synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology exhibit a developmental decrease of expression in CA3. Abnormal CA3 synaptic organization observed in schizophrenics might be related to some specific symptoms, such as loosening of association. Interestingly, changes in gene expression in CA3 might occur at a time possibly corresponding to the late appearance of the first clinical symptoms. We also found earlier changes in expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in CA1, which might be linked to prodromal psychotic symptoms. A number of schizophrenia susceptibility genes including APOE, BDNF, MTHFR and SLC6A4 are involved in other disorders, and thus likely contribute to nonspecific changes in hippocampal structure and function that must be combined with the dysregulation of other genes in order to lead to schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Chapuis J, Vingtdeux V, Capiralla H, Davies P, Marambaud P. Gas1 interferes with AβPP trafficking by facilitating the accumulation of immature AβPP in endoplasmic reticulum-associated raft subdomains. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 28:127-35. [PMID: 21971401 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) is a type I transmembrane protein that undergoes maturation during trafficking in the secretory pathway. Proper maturation and trafficking of AβPP are necessary prerequisites for AβPP processing to generate amyloid-β (Aβ), the core component of Alzheimer's disease senile plaques. Recently, we reported that the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1) binds to and interferes with the maturation and processing of AβPP. Gas1 expression led to a trafficking blockade of AβPP between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi. GPI-anchored proteins can exit the ER by transiting through raft subdomains acting as specialized sorting platforms. Here, we show that Gas1 co-partitioned and formed a complex with AβPP in raft fractions, wherein Gas1 overexpression triggered immature AβPP accumulation. Pharmacological interference of ER to Golgi transport increased immature AβPP accumulation upon Gas1 expression in these raft fractions, which were found to be positive for the COPII protein complex component Sec31A, a specific marker for ER exit sites. Furthermore, a Gas1 mutant lacking the GPI anchor that could not transit through rafts was still able to form a complex with AβPP but did not lead to immature AβPP accumulation in rafts. Together these data show that Gas1 interfered with AβPP trafficking by interacting with AβPP to facilitate its translocation into specialized ER-associated rafts where immature AβPP accumulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Chapuis
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Bakulski KM, Dolinoy DC, Sartor MA, Paulson HL, Konen JR, Lieberman AP, Albin RL, Hu H, Rozek LS. Genome-wide DNA methylation differences between late-onset Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal controls in human frontal cortex. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 29:571-88. [PMID: 22451312 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports a role for epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but little has been done on a genome-wide scale to identify potential sites involved in disease. This study investigates human postmortem frontal cortex genome-wide DNA methylation profiles between 12 LOAD and 12 cognitively normal age- and gender-matched subjects. Quantitative DNA methylation is determined at 27,578 CpG sites spanning 14,475 genes via the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadArray. Data are analyzed using parallel linear models adjusting for age and gender with empirical Bayes standard error methods. Gene-specific technical and functional validation is performed on an additional 13 matched pair samples, encompassing a wider age range. Analysis reveals 948 CpG sites representing 918 unique genes as potentially associated with LOAD disease status pending confirmation in additional study populations. Across these 948 sites the subtle mean methylation difference between cases and controls is 2.9%. The CpG site with a minimum false discovery rate located in the promoter of the gene Transmembrane Protein 59 (TMEM59) is 7.3% hypomethylated in cases. Methylation at this site is functionally associated with tissue RNA and protein levels of the TMEM59 gene product. The TMEM59 gene identified from our discovery approach was recently implicated in amyloid-β protein precursor post-translational processing, supporting a role for epigenetic change in LOAD pathology. This study demonstrates widespread, modest discordant DNA methylation in LOAD-diseased tissue independent from DNA methylation changes with age. Identification of epigenetic biomarkers of LOAD risk may allow for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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In silico study of Alzheimer’s disease in relation to FYN gene. Interdiscip Sci 2012; 4:153-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-012-0123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Allen M, Zou F, Chai HS, Younkin CS, Crook J, Pankratz VS, Carrasquillo MM, Rowley CN, Nair AA, Middha S, Maharjan S, Nguyen T, Ma L, Malphrus KG, Palusak R, Lincoln S, Bisceglio G, Georgescu C, Schultz D, Rakhshan F, Kolbert CP, Jen J, Haines JL, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Petersen RC, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Younkin SG, Ertekin-Taner N, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Baldwin CT, Barber R, Barmada MM, Beach T, Beecham GW, Beekly D, Bennett DA, Bigio EH, Bird TD, Blacker D, Boeve BF, Bowen JD, Boxer A, Burke JR, Buros J, Buxbaum JD, Cairns NJ, Cantwell LB, Cao C, Carlson CS, Carney RM, Carroll SL, Chui HC, Clark DG, Corneveaux J, Cotman CW, Crane PK, Cruchaga C, Cummings JL, De Jager PL, DeCarli C, DeKosky ST, Demirci FY, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dick M, Dombroski BA, Duara R, Ellis WD, Evans D, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Foroud TM, Frosch M, Galasko DR, Gallins PJ, Ganguli M, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Ghetti B, Gilbert JR, Gilman S, Giordani B, Glass JD, Goate AM, Green RC, Growdon JH, Hakonarson H, Hamilton RL, Hardy J, Harrell LE, Head E, Honig LS, Huentelman MJ, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jarvik GP, Jicha GA, Jin LW, Jun G, Kamboh MI, Karlawish J, Karydas A, Kauwe JSK, Kaye JA, Kennedy N, Kim R, Koo EH, Kowall NW, Kramer P, Kukull WA, Lah JJ, Larson EB, Levey AI, Lieberman AP, Lopez OL, Lunetta KL, Mack WJ, Marson DC, Martin ER, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McCormick WC, McCurry SM, McDavid AN, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Montine TJ, Morris JC, Myers AJ, Naj AC, Nowotny P, Parisi JE, Perl DP, Peskind E, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Rajbhandary RA, Raskind M, Reiman EM, Reisberg B, Reitz C, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rogaeva E, Rosenberg RN, Sano M, Saykin AJ, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Seeley W, Shelanski ML, Slifer MA, Smith CD, Sonnen JA, Spina S, St George-Hyslop P, Stern RA, Tanzi RE, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Tsuang DW, Van Deerlin VM, Vardarajan BN, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Wang LS, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Williamson J, Woltjer RL. Novel late-onset Alzheimer disease loci variants associate with brain gene expression. Neurology 2012; 79:221-8. [PMID: 22722634 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182605801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) identified 9 novel risk loci. Discovery of functional variants within genes at these loci is required to confirm their role in Alzheimer disease (AD). Single nucleotide polymorphisms that influence gene expression (eSNPs) constitute an important class of functional variants. We therefore investigated the influence of the novel LOAD risk loci on human brain gene expression. METHODS We measured gene expression levels in the cerebellum and temporal cortex of autopsied AD subjects and those with other brain pathologies (∼400 total subjects). To determine whether any of the novel LOAD risk variants are eSNPs, we tested their cis-association with expression of 6 nearby LOAD candidate genes detectable in human brain (ABCA7, BIN1, CLU, MS4A4A, MS4A6A, PICALM) and an additional 13 genes ±100 kb of these SNPs. To identify additional eSNPs that influence brain gene expression levels of the novel candidate LOAD genes, we identified SNPs ±100 kb of their location and tested for cis-associations. RESULTS CLU rs11136000 (p = 7.81 × 10(-4)) and MS4A4A rs2304933/rs2304935 (p = 1.48 × 10(-4)-1.86 × 10(-4)) significantly influence temporal cortex expression levels of these genes. The LOAD-protective CLU and risky MS4A4A locus alleles associate with higher brain levels of these genes. There are other cis-variants that significantly influence brain expression of CLU and ABCA7 (p = 4.01 × 10(-5)-9.09 × 10(-9)), some of which also associate with AD risk (p = 2.64 × 10(-2)-6.25 × 10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS CLU and MS4A4A eSNPs may at least partly explain the LOAD risk association at these loci. CLU and ABCA7 may harbor additional strong eSNPs. These results have implications in the search for functional variants at the novel LOAD risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biostatistics Unit, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Abe M, Sonobe N, Fukuhara R, Mori Y, Ochi S, Matsumoto T, Mori T, Tanimukai S, Ueno SI. Phenotypical difference of amyloid precursor protein (APP) V717L mutation in Japanese family. BMC Neurol 2012; 12:38. [PMID: 22702962 PMCID: PMC3482594 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Mutations in genes such as those encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 and presenilin 2, are responsible for early-onset familial AD. Case presentation In this study, we report a 275341 G > C (Val717Leu) mutation in the APP gene in a Japanese family with early onset AD by genetic screening. This mutation has previously been detected in European families. In the Japanese family we screened, the age at onset of AD was 47.1 ± 3.1 years old (n = 9; range, 42–52). The symptoms in the affected members included psychiatric vulnerability and focal signs such as pyramidal signs, epileptic seizures, and myoclonic discharges. An MR imaging study showed relatively mild atrophic changes in the bilateral hippocampus and cerebral cortices in all affected members compared with their clinical presentations. Conclusion We conclude that the clinical features of Alzheimer’s disease can be different even when caused by the same mutation in the APP gene. Further clinical and genetic studies are required to clarify the relationship between phenotypes and genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Abe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Neuroscience, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon-city, Japan.
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