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Kim SM, Choi S, Lee G, Oh YH, Son JS, Ko A, Kim JS, Cho Y, Keum N, Park SM. Association of changes in predicted body composition with subsequent risk of dementia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024. [PMID: 39010668 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of body composition change on the risk of dementia is not clear. This study analyzed the associations of changes in predicted lean body mass index (pLBMI), predicted appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (pASMI), and predicted body fat mass index (pBFMI) with the risk of dementia. METHODS In this nationwide cohort study, data were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The exposure was defined as changes in pLBMI, pASMI, and pBFMI derived from validated prediction equations. The outcome was dementia, defined based on the dementia diagnosis with prescription of anti-dementia medication. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to obtain the hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval for risk of dementia according to changes in predicted body composition. RESULTS A total of 13,215,208 individuals with no prior record of dementia who underwent health screenings twice between 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 were included. A 1-kg/m2 increase in pLBMI and pASMI had an association with reduced risk of dementia (aHR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.84-0.87; aHR: 0.70, 95% CI 0.69-0.72, respectively for men, and aHR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.67-0.71; aHR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.57-0.61, respectively for women). A 1-kg/m2 increase in pBFMI had an association with a raised risk of dementia (aHR: 1.19, 95% CI 1.17-1.21 for men and aHR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.48-1.57 for women). These results remained consistent regardless of sex or weight change. INTERPRETATION Increase in pLBMI or pASMI, or reduction in pBFMI was linked to lower risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Kim
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- Life Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
- KS Healthlink Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong-si, South Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ahryoung Ko
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- International Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong-si, South Korea
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Spangler HB, Lynch DH, Howard AG, Tien HC, Du S, Zhang B, Wang H, Gordon Larsen P, Batsis JA. Association Between Mid-arm Muscle Circumference and Cognitive Function: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024; 37:272-281. [PMID: 37993115 PMCID: PMC11089828 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231218087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia affects 55 million people worldwide and low muscle mass may be associated with cognitive decline. Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) correlates with dual-energy Xray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analyses, yet are not routinely available. Therefore, we examined the association between MAMC and cognitive performance in older adults. METHODS We included community-dwelling adults ≥55 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Cognitive function was estimated based on a subset of the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (0-27, low-high) during years (1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2018). A multivariable linear mixed-effects model was used to test whether MAMC was associated with rate of cognitive decline across age groups and cognitive function overall. RESULTS Of 3702 adults (53% female, 63.2 ± 7.3 years), mean MAMC was 21.4 cm ± 3.0 and baseline cognitive score was 13.6 points ±6.6. We found no evidence that the age-related rate of cognitive decline differed by MAMC (P = .77). Declines between 5-year age groups ranged from -.80 [SE (standard error) .18] to -1.09 [.22] for those at a mean MAMC, as compared to -.86 [.25] to -1.24 [.31] for those at a 1 MAMC 1 standard deviation above the mean. Higher MAMC was associated with better cognitive function with .13 [.06] higher scores for each corresponding 1 standard deviation increase in MAMC across all ages. CONCLUSION Higher MAMC at any age was associated with better cognitive performance in older adults. Understanding the relationship between muscle mass and cognition may identify at-risk subgroups needing targeted interventions to preserve cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary B. Spangler
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David H. Lynch
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chuan Tien
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shufa Du
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Penny Gordon Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Sales WB, Mâcedo SGGF, Gonçalves RSDSA, Andrade LELD, Ramalho CST, de Souza GF, Maciel ÁCC. Use of electrical bioimpedance in the assessment of sarcopenia in the older aldults: A scoping review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:373-381. [PMID: 38876654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to map and synthesize the main evidence on the use of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and its variables in the assessment of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This is a scoping review carried out by searching for articles available in four databases: PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science and CINAHL, with the following search strategy: Body Composition AND Sarcopenia AND ″electric impedance'' OR ″bioelectrical impedance analysis'' AND Aged. RESULTS A total of 27,660 older adults made up the sum of the samples of the included studies. Most studies included participants of both sexes (75.6%), used the variable skeletal and/or appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) (75.6%), followed by body fat (8.1%), and phase angle (8.1%) in the assessment of the body composition of subjects with sarcopenia. CONCLUSION The data from this research show that ASMM and phase angle are the main variables related to sarcopenia screening in community-dwelling older adults. Whereas total extracellular water/body water is still considered a confounding variable in the screening of sarcopenia in the elderly, but it can be considered useful regarding the health conditions of the elderly in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weslley Barbosa Sales
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado, Filho, 3000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luiz Eduardo Lima de Andrade
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado, Filho, 3000, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Sousa Truta Ramalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado, Filho, 3000, Brazil.
| | - Gérson Fonseca de Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Senador Salgado, Filho, 3000, Brazil.
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Song ZH, Liu J, Wang XF, Simó R, Zhang C, Zhou JB. Impact of ectopic fat on brain structure and cognitive function:A systematic review and meta-analysis from observational studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023:101082. [PMID: 37414372 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic fat, defined as a specific organ or compartment with the accumulation of fat tissue surrounding organs, is highly associated with obesity which has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. However, the relationship between ectopic fat and changes in brain structure or cognition is yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of ectopic fat on brain structure and cognitive function via systemic review and meta-analysis. A total of 22 studies were included, encompassing 1,003,593 participants-obtained from electronic databases up to July 9, 2022. We found ectopic that fat was associated with decreased total brain volume and increased lateral ventricle volume. In addition, ectopic was associated with decreased cognitive scores and negatively correlated with cognitive function. More specifically, dementia development was correlated with increased levels of visceral fat. Overall, our data suggest that increased ectopic fat is associated with prominent structural changes in the brain and cognitive decline, an effect driven mainly by increases in visceral fat, while subcutaneous fat may be protective. Our results suggest that patients with increased visceral fat are at risk of developing cognitive impairment and, therefore, represent a subset of population in whom appropriate and timely preventive measures could be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xilingol Mongolian Hospital, Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rafael Simó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron. Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR). Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119. 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Bo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wang C, Zhao B, Zhai J, Wang A, Cao N, Liao T, Su R, He L, Li Y, Pei X, Jia Y, Yue W. Clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells improved skeletal muscle dysfunction in age-associated sarcopenia mice. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:321. [PMID: 37173309 PMCID: PMC10182022 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With the expansion of the aging population, age-associated sarcopenia (AAS) has become a severe clinical disease of the elderly and a key challenge for healthy aging. Regrettably, no approved therapies currently exist for treating AAS. In this study, clinical-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) were administrated to two classic mouse models (SAMP8 mice and D-galactose-induced aging mice), and their effects on skeletal muscle mass and function were investigated by behavioral tests, immunostaining, and western blotting. Core data results showed that hUC-MSCs significantly restored skeletal muscle strength and performance in both mouse models via mechanisms including raising the expression of crucial extracellular matrix proteins, activating satellite cells, enhancing autophagy, and impeding cellular aging. For the first time, the study comprehensively evaluates and demonstrates the preclinical efficacy of clinical-grade hUC-MSCs for AAS in two mouse models, which not only provides a novel model for AAS, but also highlights a promising strategy to improve and treat AAS and other age-associated muscle diseases. This study comprehensively evaluates the preclinical efficacy of clinical-grade hUC-MSCs in treating age-associated sarcopenia (AAS), and demonstrates that hUC-MSCs restore skeletal muscle strength and performance in two AAS mouse models via raising the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, activating satellite cells, enhancing autophagy, and impeding cellular aging, which highlights a promising strategy for AAS and other age-associated muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bichun Zhao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jinglei Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ailin Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Cao
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Tuling Liao
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ruyu Su
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Yali Jia
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- South China Institute of Biomedicine, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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Lin A, Wang T, Li C, Pu F, Abdelrahman Z, Jin M, Yang Z, Zhang L, Cao X, Sun K, Hou T, Liu Z, Chen L, Chen Z. Association of Sarcopenia with Cognitive Function and Dementia Risk Score: A National Prospective Cohort Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020245. [PMID: 36837864 PMCID: PMC9965467 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between skeletal muscle and cognitive disorders has drawn increasing attention. This study aims to examine the associations of sarcopenia with cognitive function and dementia risk score. Data on 1978 participants (aged 65 years and older) from the 2011 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with four follow-up waves to 2018, were used. Cognitive function was assessed by four dimensions, with a lower score indicating lower cognitive function. Dementia risk was assessed by a risk score using the Rotterdam Study Basic Dementia Risk Model (BDRM), with a higher score indicating a greater risk. Sarcopenia was defined when low muscle mass plus low muscle strength or low physical performance were met. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the associations of sarcopenia. In the fully adjusted models, sarcopenia was significantly associated with lower cognitive function (standardized, β = -0.15; 95% CIs: -0.26, -0.04) and a higher BDRM score (standardized, β = 0.42; 95% CIs: 0.29, 0.55). Our findings may provide a new avenue for alleviating the burden of cognitive disorders by preventing sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Lin
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Pu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeinab Abdelrahman
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain–Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Mengqi Jin
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhenqing Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kaili Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: or (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-87077127 (Z.L.); +86-0571-86002113 (L.C.); +86-13957116610 (Z.C.)
| | - Liying Chen
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 Qingchun East Rd., Hangzhou 310016, China
- Correspondence: or (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-87077127 (Z.L.); +86-0571-86002113 (L.C.); +86-13957116610 (Z.C.)
| | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: or (Z.L.); (L.C.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-87077127 (Z.L.); +86-0571-86002113 (L.C.); +86-13957116610 (Z.C.)
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Yang Y, Xiao M, Leng L, Jiang S, Feng L, Pan G, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang J, Wen Y, Wu D, Yang Y, Huang P. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and correlation of mild cognitive impairment in sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:45-56. [PMID: 36529141 PMCID: PMC9891948 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disorder involving the loss of muscle mass and function, associated with an increased risk of disability and frailty. Though its prevalence in dementia has been studied, its occurrence in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been well established. As MCI is often a prelude to dementia, our study aims to investigate the prevalence of MCI among individuals with sarcopenia and to also ascertain whether sarcopenia is independently associated with MCI. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles on MCI and/or sarcopenia published from inception to 1 February 2022. We reviewed the available literature on the number of individuals with MCI and/or sarcopenia and calculated odds ratios (ORs) of sarcopenia in MCI and MCI in sarcopenia, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the meta package in Stata, Version 12.0. A total of 13 studies and 27 428 patients were included in our analysis. The pooled prevalence of MCI in participants with sarcopenia was 20.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.140-0.269) in a total sample of 2923 cases with a high level of heterogeneity (P < 0.001; I2 = 95.4%). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia with MCI was 9.1% (95% CI: 0.047-0.134, P < 0.001; I2 = 93.0%). For overall ORs, there were 23 364 subjects with a mean age of 73 years; the overall adjusted OR between MCI and sarcopenia was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.31-1.62). Slight heterogeneity in both adjusted ORs (P = 0.46; I2 = 0%) was noted across the studies. The prevalence of MCI is relatively high in patients with sarcopenia, and sarcopenia may be a risk factor for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China.,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shixie Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Gaofeng Pan
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Yanting Wen
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China.,Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongxue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Huang
- College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Uchida K, Sugimoto T, Tange C, Nishita Y, Shimokata H, Saji N, Kuroda Y, Matsumoto N, Kishino Y, Ono R, Akisue T, Otsuka R, Sakurai T. Association between Reduction of Muscle Mass and Faster Declines in Global Cognition among Older People: A 4-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:932-939. [PMID: 37997712 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A few studies reported that both decrease and increase in body mass index (BMI) were associated with the development of dementia in later life. However, it is unclear what changes in body composition are associated with cognitive decline. This study investigated the longitudinal influences of changes in body composition on cognitive function among community-dwelling adults. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This longitudinal study included older adults aged ≥60 years without cognitive impairment who participated in National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging. MEASUREMENTS Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE. Body composition was measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry system. Then, BMI, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and muscle mass index (MMI) were calculated. The changes in body composition over 6 years (second wave to fifth wave) were calculated, and three groups were created: decreased group, decrease of >5%; stable group, change within 5%, and increased group, increase of >5%. In statistical analysis, a linear mixed model was applied by sex to investigate the influences of body composition changes on cognitive function over 4 years (fifth wave to seventh wave). RESULTS This study analyzed 515 participants (mean age, 67.05 years; 53.4% men). Men with decreased group in FFMI and MMI exhibited faster declines in MMSE scores than those with stable group (β [95% CI]: FFMI, -0.293 [-0.719 to -0.020]; MMI, -0.472 [-0.884 to -0.059]). In women, there was no significant association between body composition changes and cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Decrease in fat-free mass and muscle mass is associated with faster cognitive declines in men. These results suggest the importance of continuous monitoring of muscle mass to prevent cognitive decline in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uchida
- Takashi Sakurai, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan, TEL: +81-562-46-2311, FAX: +81-562-46-8394, E-mail:
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Li TC, Li CI, Liu CS, Lin CH, Yang SY, Lin CC. Obesity marker trajectories and cognitive impairment in older adults: a 10-year follow-up in Taichung community health study for elders. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:748. [PMID: 36451123 PMCID: PMC9710179 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and cognitive impairment prevalence increases as age increases. Recent growing evidence finds links between obesity and cognitive impairment in older adults. However, the association between the two is controversial. This study aims to identify obesity marker trajectory patterns, and to assess whether these patterns are associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline during a 10-year follow-up period among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A total of 626 older adults aged 65 and older were involved in the study, with at least two repeated measurements at baseline, one-year or 10-year follow-up. Cognitive function was measured through the Mini Mental State Examination. Obesity markers included body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-hip (WHR), fat mass (FM), and abdominal fat (AF) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline for obesity marker trajectory patterns. RESULTS After a 10-year follow-up, 168 older adults with incident cognitive impairment and 156 with rapid cognitive decline were defined as the top 25th percentile of cognitive decline. Four distinct trajectory groups of obesity markers were identified. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, a low likelihood of cognitive impairment was observed in the consistently high-level group from FM trajectory (ORs = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.20-0.85); the high-level U-shaped group from WHR trajectory (0.43, 0.22-0.84); and the median-level flat inverse U-shaped, consistently high-level, and low-level flat U-shaped groups from AF trajectory (0.44, 0.26-0.77; 0.33, 0.18-0.61; 0.39, 0.18-0.82). In addition, a low likelihood of rapid decline was found in the low-level, slightly increasing trend group from WHR trajectory (0.43, 0.22-0.85). CONCLUSION FM and AF trajectories with consistent high levels and WHR trajectory with high level with U-shaped group are associated with low risks of incident cognitive impairment in older adults. Similarly, WHR trajectory with a low but slowly increasing trend is associated with a decreased risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chung Li
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.252470.60000 0000 9263 9645Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ing Li
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist, Taichung, 406040 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Shong Liu
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist, Taichung, 406040 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsueh Lin
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist, Taichung, 406040 Taiwan ,grid.411508.90000 0004 0572 9415Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yu Yang
- grid.254145.30000 0001 0083 6092Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Beitun Dist, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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10
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Wang W, Luo Y, Zhuang Z, Song Z, Huang N, Li Y, Dong X, Xiao W, Zhao Y, Huang T. Total and regional fat-to-muscle mass ratio and risks of incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2447-2455. [PMID: 35856185 PMCID: PMC9530585 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR), which integrates the antagonistic effects of fat and muscle mass, has been proposed as a useful indicator to assess disease risk independent of overall obesity. However, little is known about the association between FMR and dementia risk. We aimed to prospectively investigate the sex-specific associations between total and regional FMR and incident dementia. METHODS A total of 491 420 participants (223 581 men and 267 839 women; mean age 56.7 ± 8.2 and 56.3 ± 8.0 years old, respectively) free of dementia at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. Fat mass and muscle mass were measured using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. Cox regression analyses were used to examine the associations of total and regional FMR with incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). The shape of the associations of the continuous scale of FMR and incident dementia were examined using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS During a median 8.65 years of follow-up, we documented 2 225 incident all-cause dementia cases, including 836 AD and 468 VD cases. There was an L-shaped association between whole body FMR and all-cause dementia risk in both sexes after adjusting body mass index (BMI) and other covariates (P for non-linear <0.001 in men and women), where all-cause dementia risk decreased steeply with increasing FMR and levelled off at around the medians (0.35 in men, 0.61 in women) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.96; P = 0.019) and 0.60 (0.47, 0.77; <0.001) per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in men and women, respectively. Compared with other body parts, FMR of the leg showed the strongest inverse associations [HR (95% CI; P) per 1 SD below the medians: 0.60 (0.48, 0.75; <0.001); 0.61 (0.47, 0.79; <0.001) in men and women, respectively]. Specifically, the inverse associations of whole body FMR on all-cause dementia risk were significant only among participants over the age of 60 (P for trend <0.001). Multivariable adjusted Cox models showed inverse associations of whole body FMR with AD in men only (P for trend = 0.003), whereas no statistically significant decrease was detected in VD among men and women. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses provide strong evidence for L-shaped associations of total and regional FMR with the development of dementia among participants aged 60 years or older independent of overall obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zimin Song
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Huang X, Wang YJ, Xiang Y. Bidirectional communication between brain and visceral white adipose tissue: Its potential impact on Alzheimer's disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104263. [PMID: 36122553 PMCID: PMC9490488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of axes between brain and abdominal organs have been reported, but the interaction between brain and visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) remains unclear. In this review, we summarized human studies on the association between brain and vWAT, and generalized their interaction and the underlying mechanisms according to animal and cell experiments. On that basis, we come up with the concept of the brain-vWAT axis (BVA). Furthermore, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of involvement of BVA in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including vWAT-derived fatty acids, immunological properties of vWAT, vWAT-derived retinoic acid and vWAT-regulated insulin resistance. The proposal of BVA may expand our understanding to some extent of how the vWAT impacts on brain health and diseases, and provide a novel approach to study the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Sui SX, Balanta-Melo J, Pasco JA, Plotkin LI. Musculoskeletal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment: Epidemiological Evidence and Biological Mechanisms. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:260-272. [PMID: 35764750 PMCID: PMC9522710 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cognitive impairment is associated with obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. However, no critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment, focusing on the epidemiological evidence and biological mechanisms, has been published to date. Herein, we critically evaluate the literature published over the past 3 years, emphasizing interesting and important new findings, and provide an outline of future directions that will improve our understanding of the connections between the brain and the musculoskeletal system. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature suggests that musculoskeletal deficits and cognitive impairment share pathophysiological pathways and risk factors. Cytokines and hormones affect both the brain and the musculoskeletal system; yet, lack of unified definitions and standards makes it difficult to compare studies. Interventions designed to improve musculoskeletal health are plausible means of preventing or slowing cognitive impairment. We highlight several musculoskeletal health interventions that show potential in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X Sui
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, Deakin University, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, PO Box 281 (Barwon Health), Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Julián Balanta-Melo
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS5022A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Universidad del Valle School of Dentistry, Cali, Colombia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, Deakin University, IMPACT - Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, PO Box 281 (Barwon Health), Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS5022A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Cognitive Function Is Associated With Multiple Indices of Adiposity in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:773-784. [PMID: 35797581 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies have suggested reciprocal relationships between cognitive function and adiposity, but this has not been investigated with population representative data sets. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cognitive function and adiposity in a large population-based sample of middle-aged and older adults. It was hypothesized that better scores on tests of cognitive function would be associated with lower adiposity, and this association would be primarily mediated through life-style behavior and physical health status. METHODS Using baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging ( N = 30,097), we tested our hypotheses using three indicators of cognitive function (animal fluency, Stroop interference, and reaction time) and four indicators of adiposity (body mass index, total fat mass, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio). Hierarchical multivariable linear regression modeling was conducted followed by tests for moderation by socioeconomic status and mediation through diet, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes status. RESULTS All measures of cognitive indicators were significantly associated with adiposity after adjusting for confounders. In general, superior performance on animal fluency, Stroop, and reaction time tasks were associated with lower adiposity by most metrics. Stroop interference was associated with lower adiposity across all metrics, including body mass index ( b = - 0.04, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = - 0.06 to - 0.01), total fat mass ( b = 19.35, 95 % CI = 8.57 to 30.12), waist circumference ( b = 33.83, 95 % CI = 10.08 to 57.58), and waist-hip ratio ( b = 0.13, 95 % CI = 0.01 to 0.24). These associations were more substantial for moderate- and high-income subpopulations. Mediation analyses suggested that the aforementioned effects were mediated through life-style behavior (e.g., diet and physical activity) and physical health conditions (e.g., diabetes and hypertension). CONCLUSIONS Reliable associations exist between cognitive function and adiposity in middle-aged and older adults. The associations seem to be mediated through life-style behavior and physical health conditions.
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Traylor MK, Bauman AJ, Saiyasit N, Frizell CA, Hill BD, Nelson AR, Keller JL. An examination of the relationship among plasma brain derived neurotropic factor, peripheral vascular function, and body composition with cognition in midlife African Americans/Black individuals. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:980561. [PMID: 36092801 PMCID: PMC9453229 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.980561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
African American/Black individuals have been excluded from several lines of prominent neuroscience research, despite exhibiting disproportionately higher risk factors associated with the onset and magnitude of neurodegeneration. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to examine potential relationships among brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), peripheral vascular function, and body composition with cognition in a sample of midlife, African American/Black individuals. Midlife adults (men: n = 3, 60 ± 4 years; women: n = 9, 58 ± 5 years) were invited to complete two baseline visits separated by 4 weeks. Peripheral vascular function was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography, a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition, and plasma was collected to quantify BDNF levels. The CNS Vital Signs computer-based test was used to provide scores on numerous cognitive domains. The principal results included that complex attention (r = 0.629) and processing speed (r = 0.734) were significantly (p < 0.05) related to the plasma BDNF values. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) relationship between any vascular measure and any cognitive domain or BDNF value. Secondary findings included the relationship between lean mass and peak hyperemia (r = 0.758) as well as total hyperemia (r = 0.855). The major conclusion derived from these results was that there is rationale for future clinical trials to use interventions targeting increasing BDNF to potentially improve cognition. Additionally, these results strongly suggest that clinicians aiming to improve cognitive health via improvements in the known risk factor of vascular function should consider interventions capable of promoting the size and function of skeletal muscle, especially in the African American/Black population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda K. Traylor
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Allison J. Bauman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Carl A. Frizell
- Physician Assistant Sciences Program, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Keller
- Integrative Laboratory of Exercise and Applied Physiology (iLEAP), Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, College of Education and Professional Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joshua L. Keller, @joshkeller10
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15
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Chen X, Cao M, Liu M, Liu S, Zhao Z, Chen H. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in the older people: a meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med 2022; 13:771-787. [PMID: 35670963 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of sarcopenia on the older people are profound, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes for older patients. Although the substantial impact of sarcopenia on maintaining functional independence and adverse health outcomes has been described many times in the past, the link between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older adults remains lacking in evidence and controversial. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive search of available national and international databases and carried out a meta-analysis to examine the association between sarcopenia in older people and cognitive impairment. METHODS Relevant experiments had been recognized via looking out electronic databases and conference sessions. The present study included case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional studies of the association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in the older people. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 26 articles and 18,788 participants were involved after assessment of eligibility. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the risk of developing cognitive impairment was significantly higher in patients with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia [OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.57, 1.95; P < 0.00001], MMSE score of sarcopenia group was lower than that of non-sarcopenia group, the difference was statistically significant [OR = - 2.23; 95% CI = - 2.48, - 1.99; P < 0.00001]. CONCLUSION Overall, this meta-analysis showed an association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in the older people, demonstrating a significant association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. This suggested that providing comprehensive sarcopenia screening and active prevention for the older people with cognitive decline has certain clinical value for improving the quality of life of the older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mingjie Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shuping Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Infection Control, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Ramoo K, Hairi NN, Yahya A, Choo WY, Hairi FM, Peramalah D, Kandiben S, Bulgiba A, Ali ZM, Razak IA, Ismail N, Ahmad NS. Longitudinal Association between Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in Rural Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084723. [PMID: 35457592 PMCID: PMC9025848 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition that is highly prevalent among older adults. This condition is linked to numerous adverse health outcomes, including cognitive impairment that impairs healthy ageing. While sarcopenia and cognitive impairment may share a common pathway, limited longitudinal studies exist to show the relationship between these two conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. This is a cohort study among older adults residing in Kuala Pilah District, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. There were 2404 respondents at the baseline and 1946 respondents at one-year follow-up. Cognitive impairment was determined using Mini-mental State Examination scores. Sarcopenia was identified using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, gait speed was measured using a 4-meter gait test, handgrip strength was assessed using Jamar handheld dynamometer, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the longitudinal association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment, presented as relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.0% (95% CI 4.00–5.90), and severe sarcopenia was 3.60% (95% CI 2.84–4.31). Upon adjusting for covariates, older adults with sarcopenia have an 80 per cent increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those without (RR 1.80; 95% CI 1.18–2.75). Similarly, severe sarcopenia was found to significantly increase the risk of cognitive impairment by 101 per cent in the adjusted model (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.24–3.27). Our study showed that sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia, low physical activity, depressive symptoms, hearing impairment and chronic pain were associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, early intervention to prevent sarcopenia, depressive symptoms, hearing impairment, chronic pain, and higher physical activity among older adults is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ramoo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Noran N. Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya City 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-79674762
| | - A. Yahya
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - W. Y. Choo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - F. Mohd Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - D. Peramalah
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - S. Kandiben
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - A. Bulgiba
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (K.R.); (A.Y.); (W.Y.C.); (F.M.H.); (D.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Z. Mohd Ali
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (Z.M.A.); (I.A.R.)
| | - I. Abdul Razak
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department (JKNNS), Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (Z.M.A.); (I.A.R.)
| | - N. Ismail
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia;
| | - N. S. Ahmad
- Mental Health, Injury Prevention, Violence and Substance Abuse Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia;
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Oba K, Tamura Y, Ishikawa J, Suzuki H, Fujiwara Y, Tachibana A, Kodera R, Toyoshima K, Chiba Y, Araki A. Dynapenic abdominal obesity is associated with mild cognitive impairment in patients with cardiometabolic disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:255. [PMID: 35346081 PMCID: PMC8962154 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is an important health issue for older people and requires early intervention in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage to manage risk factors. Both dynapenia (DP) and abdominal obesity (AO) are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the association between MCI and dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO), a combination of DP and AO. Methods A total of 417 older outpatients with cardiometabolic diseases without severe cognitive impairment were studied to compare cognitive function in four groups: control, DP, AO, and DAO groups. DAO was defined as the combination of DP (handgrip strength of < 28 kg and < 18 kg in men and women, respectively) and AO (waist circumference of ≥ 85 cm and ≥ 90 cm in men and women, respectively). MCI was defined as a score of ≤ 25 in the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine if MCI was independently associated with DAO, low handgrip strength, or high waist circumference. Results The DAO group obtained the lowest cognitive test scores and had the highest prevalence of MCI. Furthermore, after adjusting for covariates, the logistic regression analysis showed that patients in the DAO group were at an increased risk of MCI (odds ratio [OR] = 3.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–13.77). Further logistic regression analyses revealed that both low handgrip strength (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.11–4.29) and high waist circumference (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.03–3.99) were associated with MCI. Conclusions DAO, which can be easily diagnosed by a combination of handgrip strength and waist circumference, was associated with MCI in patents with cardiometabolic metabolic disease. This study suggests that screening for MCI in DAO patients could be important for early intervention of dementia prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02948-1.
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You YX, Shahar S, Mohamad M, Rajab NF, Che Din N, Lau HJ, Abdul Hamid H. Is There Any Relationship Between Biochemical Indices and Anthropometric Measurements With Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation Among Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment? Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:765451. [PMID: 35046782 PMCID: PMC8762169 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.765451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is developed in one region of the brain called the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The dysfunction of this region leads to synaptic neuroplasticity impairment. It has been reported that several biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements play a vital role in cognition and brain health. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between cognitive function, serum biochemical profile, and anthropometric measurements using DLPFC activation. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 35 older adults (≥60 years) who experienced mild cognitive impairment (MCI). For this purpose, we distributed a comprehensive interview-based questionnaire for collecting sociodemographic information from the participants and conducting cognitive tests. Anthropometric values were measured, and fasting blood specimens were collected. We investigated their brain activation using the task-based functional MRI (fMRI; N-back), specifically in the DLPFC region. Positive relationships were observed between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (β = 0.494, p < 0.01) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (β = 0.698, p < 0.01); however, negative relationships were observed between serum triglyceride (β = −0.402, p < 0.05) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (β = −0.326, p < 0.05) with right DLPFC activation (R2 = 0.512) while the participants performed 1-back task after adjustments for age, gender, and years of education. In conclusion, higher serum triglycerides, higher oxidative stress, and lower neurotrophic factor were associated with lower right DLPFC activation among older adults with MCI. A further investigation needs to be carried out to understand the causal-effect mechanisms of the significant parameters and the DLPFC activation so that better intervention strategies can be developed for reducing the risk of irreversible neurodegenerative diseases among older adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Xing You
- Dietetics Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Suzana Shahar,
| | - Mazlyfarina Mohamad
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Sciences Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Program, Centre of Rehabilitation and Special Needs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jin Lau
- Nutritional Sciences Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamzaini Abdul Hamid
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Stavrinou P, Aphamis G, Andreou E, Pantzaris M, Giannaki C. Association of body composition with functional capacity and cognitive function in older adults living in nursing homes. Curr Aging Sci 2021; 15:77-82. [PMID: 34465282 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666210831155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults living in nursing homes have an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, the role of body composition in vital health and quality of life parameters such as functional capacity and cognitive function is less studied in this group of older adults compared to community-dwelling counterparts. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the association of body composition with functional capacity and cognitive function in nursing home residents. METHODS Fifty-three older adults (82.8±7.3 years) were enrolled in this study and they underwent body composition evaluation, functional capacity and cognitive function measurements. RESULTS The results showed a high prevalence of obesity accompanied by functional capacity limitations and cognitive impairment in older adults living in nursing homes. Partial correlations, controlling for age, showed that body fat percentage was positively correlated with sit-to-stand-5 (r=0.310, p=0.025) and timed-up-and-go (r=0.331, p=0.017), and negatively correlated with handgrip strength test results (r=-0.431, p<0.001), whereas greater lean body mass was associated with better sit-to-stand-5 (r=-0.410, p=0.003), handgrip strength (r=0.624, p<0.001) and cognitive function performance (r=0.302, p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS These important associations reinforce the need to develop effective healthy lifestyle interventions targeting both lean mass and body fat to combat functional and cognitive decline in nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Stavrinou
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia. Cyprus
| | - George Aphamis
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia. Cyprus
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia. Cyprus
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia. Cyprus
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20
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Tou NX, Wee SL, Pang BWJ, Lau LK, Jabbar KA, Seah WT, Chen KK, Ng TP. Associations of fat mass and muscle function but not lean mass with cognitive impairment: The Yishun Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256702. [PMID: 34437646 PMCID: PMC8389410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and obesity are reportedly associated with risk of cognitive decline, and sarcopenic obesity (SO) heightens the risk, but the evidence is sparse and inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the association between SO and cognitive impairment. METHODS A total of 542 community-dwelling adults aged between 21 and 90 years were recruited. All participants were assessed for body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed (GS), and cognitive function (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status). Sarcopenia was defined by the presence of low appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and low HGS or low GS according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, and obesity was defined based on the upper two quintiles of fat mass index (FMI). RESULTS Sarcopenia alone or in combination with obesity were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment after controlling for confounding variables. Obesity on its own was significantly associated with greater odds of impaired attention (OR: 2.05, 95%CI 1.12-3.82). Low ALMI was not associated, but low HGS, slow GS, and high FMI were individually associated with cognitive impairment: low HGS and immediate memory (OR: 1.91, 95% CI 1.04-3.49); low GS and immediate memory (OR: 2.17, 95% CI 1.26-3.72); high FMI and attention (OR: 2.06, 95% CI 1.22-3.51). Co-occurring high FMI with either low HGS or slow GS exacerbated the observed odds of global and domain-specific (attention, visuospatial) cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Lean mass is not relevant, whereas muscle strength and physical performance or adiposity are relevant in defining sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in terms of their cognitive impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien Xiang Tou
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiou-Liang Wee
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Program of Health Services and System Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Lay Khoon Lau
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Ting Seah
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tze Pin Ng
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Ozato N, Saitou S, Yamaguchi T, Katashima M, Misawa M, Jung S, Mori K, Kawada H, Katsuragi Y, Mikami T, Nakaji S. Association between Visceral Fat and Brain Structural Changes or Cognitive Function. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081036. [PMID: 34439655 PMCID: PMC8391376 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral fat accumulation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Visceral fat is a causal risk factor for hypertension and type 2 diabetes, which was reported as one of the risk factors for dementia. Visceral fat areas (VFA) might be clinically important to prevent dementia; however, the association between VFA and cognitive function in the elderly remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between brain structural abnormalities using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and VFA, and the association between cognitive function and VFA, in the elderly. A total of 2364 healthy individuals were enrolled, and we excluded those diagnosed with dementia. Participants were divided into a high-VFA and a low-VFA group based on median VFA. The high-VFA group had significantly lower cognitive function than the low-VFA group (p = 0.025), after adjustment for related factors using a linear regression model. Regarding brain structure in MRI, VFA remained significantly associated with white matter lesions (odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 95% confidence interval (1.33-2.70); adjusted p < 0.001) and perivascular space (OR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval (1.02-1.61); adjusted p = 0.033). Further follow-up studies are needed, but reducing visceral fat might be important, not only to prevent cardiovascular disease but also to prevent dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ozato
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)172-39-5041
| | - Shinnichiro Saitou
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan;
| | - Tohru Yamaguchi
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Katashima
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Mina Misawa
- COI Research Initiatives Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Songee Jung
- COI Research Initiatives Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Kenta Mori
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiromitsu Kawada
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan; (M.K.); (K.M.); (Y.K.)
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan;
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki City 036-8562, Japan;
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22
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Guo D, Zhang X, Zhan C, Lin Q, Liu J, Yang Q, Tu J, Ning X, Wang J, Song Y. Sex Differences in the Association Between Obesity and Cognitive Impairment in a Low-Income Elderly Population in Rural China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:669174. [PMID: 34305783 PMCID: PMC8299782 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.669174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, sex-specific relationships between obesity and cognitive impairment in late life remain unclear. Objective: We aimed to assess sex differences in the association between various obesity parameters and cognitive impairment in a low-income elderly population in rural China. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect basic information from elderly residents aged 60 years and older from April 2014 to August 2014 in rural areas of Tianjin, China. Obesity parameters, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and Mini Mental State Examination scores were measured, and the relationships between these variables were assessed. Results: A total of 1,081 residents with a mean age of 67.70 years were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for age, educational attainment, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise participation, and the presence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia, blood pressure group; a high BMI was found to be associated with an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly women. Each 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 5.9% increase in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. WC was related to the prevalence of cognitive impairment in elderly men, and each 1-cm increase in WC was associated with a 4.0% decrease in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. However, there were no significant associations between WC and cognitive function in women or between BMI and cognitive impairment in men. Conclusion: A greater WC was positively associated with better cognitive function in low-income elderly men in rural China, whereas a higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in elderly women, independent of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related comorbid factors. Our results suggest weight management of elderly women in rural China may have cognitive benefits. However, randomized controlled trials would be needed to confirm causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Wuhu No.2 People's Hospital, Wuhu, China
| | - Qiuxing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoxia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Tu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianjia Ning
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijun Song
- Department of General Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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23
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Kujawski S, Kujawska A, Perkowski R, Androsiuk-Perkowska J, Hajec W, Kwiatkowska M, Skierkowska N, Husejko J, Bieniek D, Newton JL, Morten KJ, Zalewski P, Kędziora-Kornatowska K. Cognitive Function Changes in Older People. Results of Second Wave of Cognition of Older People, Education, Recreational Activities, NutritIon, Comorbidities, fUnctional Capacity Studies (COPERNICUS). Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:653570. [PMID: 34025391 PMCID: PMC8134550 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.653570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive reserve explains why subjects with more years of education, professional achievement, or participation in recreational activities show less cognitive decline with aging. We hypothesize that levels of recreational travel, education, occupation, systemic health, physical performance, and current cognitive activity levels affect the trajectory of cognitive function in older, healthy people in Poland. Materials and Methods Healthy, older people (N = 205) were examined and followed-up at 2 years. Participants completed physical and cognitive function assessments: including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and its two subtests Delayed Recall (DR) and Verbal Fluency (VF), and Trail Making Test Part B (TMT B). Factors associated with cognitive functioning were also examined. Results The MMSE result significantly decreased over 2 years. No significant decrease in other cognitive tests was noted. However, the trajectory of cognitive tests results varied between individual participants. Percentage of variance of change was explained by the following predictors: 21 in MMSE, 24 in MoCA, 8 in DR, 25 in VF, and 24 in TMT B. Age and the presence of varicose veins were significantly linked to negative changes in MMSE and MoCA scores, while working in a professional occupational status associated with a higher score. The subgroup with varicose veins did worse on the Delayed Recall subtest of MoCA. Conclusion Cognitive reserve could be extended by proxies of reserve that are related to systemic health and travel activity. The latter is a combination of social, physical, and cognitive activity and potentially might serve as an intervention to improve cognitive function in older people. However, due to the limitations of this study, results should be interpreted with caution and needs to be replicated in the further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomics and Postgraduate Training, Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kujawska
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.,Department of Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Radosław Perkowski
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Weronika Hajec
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiatkowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Natalia Skierkowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jakub Husejko
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Daria Bieniek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia L Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Morten
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, The Women Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomics and Postgraduate Training, Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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24
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Cipolli GC, Aprahamian I, Borim FSA, Falcão DVS, Cachioni M, de Melo RC, Batistoni SST, Neri AL, Yassuda MS. Probable sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults: results from the FIBRA study. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:376-383. [PMID: 34161525 PMCID: PMC9394561 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment has not yet been thoroughly evaluated, especially among older adults. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between probable sarcopenia and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in two Brazilian cities. METHODS Probable sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP2 (2018) criteria. Thus, participants were classified as probably having sarcopenia if they had SARC-F (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs and Falls) ≥4 points and low grip strength. Cognitive function was evaluated through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), verbal fluency (VF) and clock drawing test (CDT). RESULTS In a sample of 529 older adults (mean age 80.8±4.9 years; mean education 4.2±3.67 years; 70.1% women), 27.3% of the participants had SARC-F≥4, 38.3% had low grip strength and 13.6% were classified as probable sarcopenia cases. After adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, education, depression, diabetes, hypertension, leisure-time physical activity and obesity), probable sarcopenia was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 2.52; 95%CI 1.42‒4.47; p=0.002) and in VF (OR 2.17; 95%CI 1.17‒4.01; p=0.014). Low grip strength was found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.83; 95%CI 1.18‒2.82; p=0.006) and in the CDT (OR 1.79; 95%CI 1.18‒2.73; p=0.006). SARC-F scores were found to be associated with impairment in the MMSE (OR 1.90; 95%CI 1.18‒3.06; p=0.008). CONCLUSION The results suggested that probable sarcopenia and its components present a significant association with cognitive deficits among community-dwelling older adults. Future longitudinal studies will further explore the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cabett Cipolli
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Faculdade de Medicina de JundiaíDepartamento de Clínica MédicaJundiaíSPBrazilFaculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Grupo de Investigação sobre Multimorbidade e Saúde Mental no Envelhecimento, Jundiaí SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Silva Arbex Borim
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
- Universidade de BrasíliaFaculdade de Ciências de SaúdeDepartamento de Saúde ColetivaBrasíliaDFBrazilUniversidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Brasília DF, Brazil.
| | - Deusivania Vieira Silva Falcão
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Meire Cachioni
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| | - Ruth Calderia de Melo
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Samila Sathler Tavares Batistoni
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| | - Anita Liberaleso Neri
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Sanches Yassuda
- Universidade de São PauloEscola de ArtesCiências e HumanidadesSão PauloSPBrazilUniversidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GerontologiaCampinasSPBrazilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Campinas SP, Brazil.
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25
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Sui SX, Hordacre B, Pasco JA. Are Sarcopenia and Cognitive Dysfunction Comorbid after Stroke in the Context of Brain-Muscle Crosstalk? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020223. [PMID: 33671531 PMCID: PMC7926475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and is responsible for a significant economic burden. Sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction are common consequences of stroke, but there is less awareness of the concurrency of these conditions. In addition, few reviews are available to guide clinicians and researchers on how to approach sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction as comorbidities after stroke, including how to assess and manage them and implement interventions to improve health outcomes. This review synthesises current knowledge about the relationship between post-stroke sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction, including the physiological pathways, assessment tools, and interventions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X. Sui
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Deakin University, Victoria, VIC 3220, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-42153306 (ext. 53306); Fax: +61-3-42153491
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Deakin University, Victoria, VIC 3220, Australia;
- Department of Medicine–Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
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Pais R, Ruano L, P. Carvalho O, Barros H. Global Cognitive Impairment Prevalence and Incidence in Community Dwelling Older Adults-A Systematic Review. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040084. [PMID: 33121002 PMCID: PMC7709591 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We proposed to review worldwide estimates of cognitive impairment prevalence and incidence in adults older than 50 years of age living in the community. (2) Methods: Systematic searches were performed in January 2019 using MEDLINE/PubMed. Articles were selected if they referred to cognitive impairment, prevalence, incidence, elders, and population or community-based studies. Analysis, aggregated by different methodologic features, was performed. (3) Results: Prevalence (80 studies) ranged between 5.1% and 41% with a median of 19.0% (25th percentile = 12.0%; 75th percentile = 24.90%). Incidence (11 studies) ranged from 22 to 76.8 per 1000 person-years with a median of 53.97 per 1000 person-years (25th percentile = 39.0; 75th percentile = 68.19). No statistically significant effects were found except for inclusion age. (4) Conclusion: We propose that the homogenization and clarification of the definition of what constitutes cognitive impairment are essential to refine the epidemiological understanding of this entity. The results of this review reinforce the importance of adherence to standardized cut-off scores for cognitive tests to promote study comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pais
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (O.P.C.); (H.B.)
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar Lusitana, Aces Dão Lafões, A.R.S. Centro, Av. António José Almeida, 3514-511 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-222-061-820
| | - Luís Ruano
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (O.P.C.); (H.B.)
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Neurologia, Hospital de São Sebastião, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Rua Cândido Pinho, 4520-211 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Ofélia P. Carvalho
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (O.P.C.); (H.B.)
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; (L.R.); (O.P.C.); (H.B.)
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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van Beers M, Gosker HR, Janssen DJA, Cleutjens FAHM, Franssen FME, van Boxtel MPJ, Wouters EF, Ponds RWHM, Schols AMWJ. Cognitive performance in relation to metabolic disturbances in patients with COPD. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:2061-2067. [PMID: 33041090 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cognitive impairment (CI) and metabolic abnormalities, including the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sarcopenia, are more prevalent in COPD patients compared to controls without diagnosed lung disease. Because earlier studies have shown these metabolic abnormalities may affect cognitive performance, this study investigated whether cognitive performance is more impaired in subgroups of COPD patients with MetS or sarcopenia. METHODS Cognitive performance patterns of 170 COPD patients referred for pulmonary rehabilitation (53.5% male, 63.4 ± 9.4 years, FEV1 54.5 ± 22.7% predicted) were compared between COPD subgroups stratified by presence of MetS and sarcopenia. Cognitive performance was assessed using a detailed neuropsychological test battery, which measured psychomotor speed (Stroop Color-Word Test, Concept Shifting Test, Letter-Digit Substitution Test), planning (Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome), working memory (Visual-Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span), verbal memory (Visual-Verbal Learning Test) and cognitive flexibility (Stroop Color-Word Test, Concept Shifting Test). MetS was determined according to the NCEP ATP-III criteria. Sarcopenia was determined based on decreased appendicular lean mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and impaired physical performance by 6-min walking distance. RESULTS MetS was observed in 54.7% and sarcopenia in 30.0% of COPD patients. The prevalence of general CI was not different between patients with and without MetS (30.4% and 39.0%, respectively) or those with and without sarcopenia (34.0% and 34.5%, respectively, both p > 0.05). Domain-specific cognitive performance was not different between metabolic subgroups, but those with sarcopenia displayed a lower prevalence of CI on verbal memory than those without (21.7% and 29.7%, respectively, p = 0.011). Only the digit span (working memory) subtest was significantly different between metabolic subgroups, in favor of those without MetS (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION Cognitive performance was not affected more in COPD patients with sarcopenia or MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van Beers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Harry R Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy J A Janssen
- Department of Research and Development, CIRO, P.O. Box 4009, 6080 AA Haelen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Fiona A H M Cleutjens
- Department of Research and Development, CIRO, P.O. Box 4009, 6080 AA Haelen, the Netherlands
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Research and Development, CIRO, P.O. Box 4009, 6080 AA Haelen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin P J van Boxtel
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel F Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Research and Development, CIRO, P.O. Box 4009, 6080 AA Haelen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf W H M Ponds
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology and Limburg Brain Injury Center, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Ebrahimpur M, Sharifi F, Shadman Z, Payab M, Mehraban S, Shafiee G, Heshmat R, Fahimfar N, Mehrdad N, Khashayar P, Nabipour I, Larijani B, Ostovar A. Osteoporosis and cognitive impairment interwoven warning signs: community-based study on older adults-Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:140. [PMID: 32910343 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00817-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cognitive impairment and osteoporosis are frequently seen to coincide in clinical practice. Osteoporosis was higher in elderly populations with cognitive impairment, especially in postmenopausal women. Thus, prophylaxis for osteoporosis, falls, and fractures should be considered as part of the treatment of patients with cognitive impairment. INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment and osteoporosis are two important health concerns among older adults that their possible relationship, concurrent occurrence, and linking mechanism have recently been highlighted. The purpose of this study was to assess the sex-independent association of these two conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS From among 2331 individuals aged ≥ 60 years selected in Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program, Iran; data of 1508 participants were analyzed. Cognitive status was assessed using Category Fluency Test and Mini-cog assessment instrument. Association between osteopenia-osteoporosis and cognitive impairment were assessed using uni- and multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 598 (39.6%) of the participants (58.3% female and 21.9% male, P < 0.001). From among them, 677 (44.9%) had evidence of cognitive impairment (64.5% female and 31.0% male, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regressions showed spinal and total hip osteoporosis was associated with 1.83 (CI 95% 1.13-2.96) and 2.24-fold (CI 95% 1.28-3.89) increase in the risk of cognitive impairment among female subjects, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression, on the other hand, revealed cognitive impairment to be associated with 1.42-fold (CI 95% 1.04-1.92) increase in the risk of spinal osteopenia-osteoporosis, 1.5-fold increase in total hip osteoporosis (CI 95% 1.09-2.05), and 1.48-fold increase in general osteoporosis (CI 95% 1.06-2.0). CONCLUSION Different degrees of bone loss and cognitive impairment may be a risk factor for each other among women but not in men. It is suggested that the screening, adopting preventive measures for the other condition and regular follow-ups, if needed, could be of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbube Ebrahimpur
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Shadman
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Metabolomics and genomics research center, endocrinology and metabolism molecular- cellular sciences institute, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghar Mehraban
- Medical Student, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Shafiee
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Fahimfar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mehrdad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cui C, Mackey RH, Shaaban CE, Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Sekikawa A. Associations of body composition with incident dementia in older adults: Cardiovascular Health Study-Cognition Study. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1402-1411. [PMID: 32803916 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A body of literature reported associations between late-life general adiposity measures (eg, body mass index) and dementia. Little is known about the association of late-life body composition with dementia risk. METHODS We determined this association among cognitively normal participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study- Cognition Study. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 1994-1995. Dementia was ascertained at annual follow-up from 1998-1999 to 2013. Associations of body composition with incident dementia were assessed by the Fine-Gray model. RESULT Among 344 participants (mean age 78, 62.2% women), body composition was significantly different between men and women, despite similar body mass indexes (BMIs). Increased dementia risk was significantly associated with lower lean mass in men and marginally with low appendicular lean mass in women. DISCUSSION Decreased lean mass was an indicator of increased dementia risk in older adults. Studies should test whether preventing lean mass loss in older adults reduces dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Cui
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel H Mackey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Elizabeth Shaaban
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Leigh SJ, Kaakoush NO, Bertoldo MJ, Westbrook RF, Morris MJ. Intermittent cafeteria diet identifies fecal microbiome changes as a predictor of spatial recognition memory impairment in female rats. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:36. [PMID: 32066702 PMCID: PMC7026185 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive consumption of diets high in saturated fat and sugar impairs short-term spatial recognition memory in both humans and rodents. Several studies have identified associations between the observed behavioral phenotype and diet-induced changes in adiposity, hippocampal gene expression of inflammatory and blood-brain barrier-related markers, and gut microbiome composition. However, the causal role of such variables in producing cognitive impairments remains unclear. As intermittent cafeteria diet access produces an intermediate phenotype, we contrasted continuous and intermittent diet access to identify specific changes in hippocampal gene expression and microbial species that underlie the cognitive impairment observed in rats fed continuous cafeteria diet. Female adult rats were fed either regular chow, continuous cafeteria diet, or intermittent cafeteria diet cycles (4 days regular chow and 3 days cafeteria) for 7 weeks (12 rats per group). Any cafeteria diet exposure affected metabolic health, hippocampal gene expression, and gut microbiota, but only continuous access impaired short-term spatial recognition memory. Multiple regression identified an operational taxonomic unit, from species Muribaculum intestinale, as a significant predictor of performance in the novel place recognition task. Thus, contrasting intermittent and continuous cafeteria diet exposure allowed us to identify specific changes in microbial species abundance and growth as potential underlying mechanisms relevant to diet-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Leigh
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nadeem O. Kaakoush
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Michael J. Bertoldo
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Margaret J. Morris
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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31
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Peng TC, Chen WL, Wu LW, Chang YW, Kao TW. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2695-2701. [PMID: 31917049 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are two of the most prevalent causes of disability in the aging population. Despite the vast amount of research that has been done to quantify the association between these two conditions, extensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses remain limited. METHODS We performed a systematic review using the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Sarcopenia was defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle function, as measured by muscle strength or performance. Cognitive impairment was diagnosed by validated cognitive or neuropsychological tests. RESULTS We identified 303 potentially relevant articles in the initial search. Observational studies quantifying a relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment were selected. Information was extracted from 15 studies, and random-effects models were used for the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios for cognitive impairment for patients with sarcopenia compared with patients without sarcopenia were 2.85 (95% confidence interval: 2.19-3.72) in the unadjusted analysis and 2.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.70-2.97) in the adjusted meta-analysis. These results remained constant in subgroup analyses by study population, study region, the definition of sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment. Although half of the studies (8 out of 15) were of fair quality, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to exclude studies with fair quality and obtained similar results. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment independent of study population, the definition of sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment. This suggests the importance of the early recognition of sarcopenia for the prevention of cognitive impairment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Crespillo-Jurado M, Delgado-Giralt J, Reigal RE, Rosado A, Wallace-Ruiz A, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier R, Morales-Sánchez V, Morillo-Baro JP, Hernández-Mendo A. Body Composition and Cognitive Functioning in a Sample of Active Elders. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1569. [PMID: 31379650 PMCID: PMC6657457 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relationship between body composition and cognitive functioning in an elderly people’s sample. A total of 106 older adults between the ages of 60 and 79 were involved in physical activity (M = 67.57; SD = 4.96). About 31.10% were men (n = 33) and 68.90% were women (n = 73). The instruments used to assess cognitive capacity were the Trail Making Test (forms A and B), the Stroop Test, and the Attention Test d2. The body composition of the participants was evaluated by electrical bioimpedance. Correlation analysis, linear regression (successive steps), and cluster analysis were carried out to analyze the relationships between the different measures. The results showed significant relationships between the analyzed variables. In addition, muscle mass predicted the cognitive functioning values. These results suggest that healthy lifestyles, including physical activity, are essential for well-being and quality of life in older people. In addition, it appears from the results found that it would be necessary for these lifestyles to contribute to preserving their level of physical condition, because of the possible impact it would have on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Rosado
- Faculty of Human Motricity, University of Lisbon, Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Agustín Wallace-Ruiz
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Morales-Sánchez
- Departamento Psicología Social, Trabajo Social, Antropología Social y Estudios de Asia Oriental, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Hernández-Mendo
- University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento Psicología Social, Trabajo Social, Antropología Social y Estudios de Asia Oriental, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
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Fernando HJ, Cohen R, Gullett JM, Friedman J, Ayzengart A, Porges E, Woods AJ, Gunstad J, Ochoa CM, Cusi K, Gonzalez-Louis R, Donahoo WT. Neurocognitive Deficits in a Cohort With Class 2 and Class 3 Obesity: Contributions of Type 2 Diabetes and Other Comorbidities. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1099-1106. [PMID: 31116012 PMCID: PMC6666310 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the relationship between specific metabolic and vascular risk factors and cognition in adults with severe obesity. METHODS A total of 129 adults (with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 ) underwent a baseline clinical evaluation and neuropsychological assessment. Regression analyses examined the relationship between cognition and medical factors (BMI, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes, hypertension, continuous positive airway pressure use, obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], and osteoarthritis). RESULTS Diabetes was associated with deficits in overall cognitive performance and with deficits in the executive processing speed and verbal fluency domains. Hemoglobin A1c was inversely related to overall cognitive performance and deficits in the attention domain. Participants using continuous positive airway pressure to treat OSA had stronger learning and memory performance, whereas OSA was associated with reduced total learning. Elevated BMI together with diabetes diagnosis was associated with reduced verbal fluency and greater variability in sustained attention. CONCLUSIONS Obesity-associated comorbidities most notably appeared to have a greater relative influence on cognitive performance than BMI itself in adults with severe obesity. This likely reflects the fact that a very elevated BMI was ubiquitous and thereby probably exerted a similar influence among all adults in the cohort. Accordingly, in the context of severe obesity, diabetes and other comorbidities may have greater sensitivity to cognitive deficits than BMI alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan J. Fernando
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ronald Cohen
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Joseph M. Gullett
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jeffrey Friedman
- University of Florida, Division of General Surgery, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Eric Porges
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Adam J. Woods
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Christa M. Ochoa
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kenneth Cusi
- University of Florida, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rachel Gonzalez-Louis
- University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL
| | - William T. Donahoo
- University of Florida, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Gainesville, FL
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Franzon K, Zethelius B, Cederholm T, Kilander L. The impact of muscle function, muscle mass and sarcopenia on independent ageing in very old Swedish men. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:153. [PMID: 31142271 PMCID: PMC6542054 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preserved functions of daily life and cognition are cornerstones of independent aging, which is crucial for maintaining a high quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of sarcopenia, and its underlying components, on independent ageing in a cohort study of very old men. Methods The presence of sarcopenia and independent ageing at a mean age of 87 was investigated in 287 men from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. Five years later 127 men were re-evaluated for independent ageing. Sarcopenia was defined by two different definitions from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. In the first definition sarcopenia was defined as skeletal muscle index < 7.26 kg/m2 and either gait speed ≤0.8 m/s or hand grip strength < 30 kg. In the later up-dated definition, HGS < 27 kg and/or chair stand test > 15 s defines probable sarcopenia, which is confirmed by SMI < 7.0 kg/m2. Independent ageing was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥25 points, absence of diagnosed dementia, community-dwelling, independency in personal care and ability to walk outdoors alone. Results Sarcopenia at baseline was observed in 21% (60/287) and 20% (58/287), respectively, due to definition. The prevalence of independent ageing was 83% (239/288) at baseline and 69% (87/127) five years later. None of the sarcopenia diagnoses were associated with independent ageing. In contrast, gait speed was both in cross-sectional (odds ratio (OR) per one standard deviation increase 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–3.15), and in longitudinal multivariate analyses (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.19–2.82). In the cross-sectional analysis also higher hand grip strength was associated with independent ageing (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.12–2.22), while a slower chair stand test was inversely associated (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.86). Muscle mass; i.e. skeletal muscle index, was not associated with independent ageing. Conclusions For very old men, especially a higher gait speed, but also a higher hand grip strength and a faster chair stand test, were associated with independent ageing, while skeletal muscle index alone, and the composite sarcopenia phenotype measured with two different definitions, were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Franzon
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
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Nishizawa A, Cuelho A, de Farias-Itao DS, Campos FM, Leite REP, Ferretti-Rebustini REL, Grinberg LT, Nitrini R, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci CA, Suemoto CK. Direct Measurements of Abdominal Visceral Fat and Cognitive Impairment in Late Life: Findings From an Autopsy Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:109. [PMID: 31133846 PMCID: PMC6524696 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between cognitive impairment and abdominal visceral is controversial. Moreover, all studies so far used imaging studies to evaluate visceral fat and this association has not been described yet using autopsy material, which allows the direct quantification of abdominal fat. We aimed to investigate the association between direct measurements of abdominal visceral fat and cognitive impairment in an autopsy study. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected information on sociodemographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cognitive status from subjects aged 50 or older at time of death in a general autopsy service in Brazil. Abdominal visceral fat was obtained in natura by the dissection of perirenal, mesenteric, omental, and mesocolon fat. The associations of total abdominal visceral fat with cognitive impairment [clinical dementia rating (CDR) score ≥0.5] and CDR-sum of boxes (CDR-SB) were evaluated using logistic regression and negative binomial regression models, respectively. All analyses were adjusted for height, age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke, smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity. In addition, we compared the discrimination of visceral fat, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) measurements in predicting cognitive impairment. Results: We evaluated 234 participants (mean age = 71.2 ± 12.9 years old, 59% male). Abdominal visceral fat was inversely associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.46, CI = 0.30; 0.70, p < 0.0001) and with CDR-SB scores (β = -0.85, 95% CI = -1.28; -0.43, p < 0.0001). When we compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC), visceral fat (AUC = 0.754), BMI (AUC = 0.729), and WC (AUC = 0.720) showed similar discrimination in predicting cognitive impairment (p = 0.38). Conclusion: In an autopsy study, larger amount of directly measured abdominal visceral fat was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Nishizawa
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Cuelho
- Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda M Campos
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Menezes AMB, Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC, Assunção MCF, Oliveira IO, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Ferreira GD, Gonçalves H. Association of modifiable risk factors and IL-6, CRP, and adiponectin: Findings from the 1993 Birth Cohort, Southern Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216202. [PMID: 31071114 PMCID: PMC6508856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature on the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and inflammatory markers is scarce. Methods A birth cohort was followed since birth up to 22 years in Southern Brazil. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin were measured in nonfasting blood samples drawn at 18 and 22 years of age. Exposures including smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity and obesity, were collected at 15, 18 and 22 years. Cross sectional analyses were based on the number of follow-up visits with these exposures and the association with IL-6, CRP and adiponectin at 22 years old. We also carried out a longitudinal Generalized Least Squares (GLS) random-effects analysis with outcomes at 18 and at 22 years old. All analyses were adjusted for several covariates. Results The sample comprised 3,479 cohort members at 22 years. The presence of obesity at ≥ 2 follow-ups showed the highest mean values (SE) for IL-6 [2.45 (1.05)] and CRP [3.74 (1.11)] and the lowest mean value for adiponectin [8.60 (0.37)] (adjusted analyses, females) compared with other exposures; the highest mean of IL-6 [1.65 (1.05)] and CRP [1.78 (1.11)] and the lowest mean of adiponectin [9.98 (0.38)] were for the number of follow-ups with ≥2 exposures compared to those with no exposures at any follow-up (adjusted analyses, females). The longitudinal analysis showed an increase in obesity associated with IL-6 and CRP in both sexes and an inverse association with adiponectin in females; smoking (in males) was associated with IL-6 and CRP, harmful alcohol intake was associated with CRP in males, and increased in physical activity was inversely associated with CRP in men. Conclusion We concluded that obesity is the main exposure positively associated with IL-6 and CRP and inversely associated with adiponectin (mainly in females). Smoking is also associated with these markers in the longitudinal analysis (in males).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabel O. Oliveira
- Federal University of Pelotas—Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Dias Ferreira
- Federal University of Pelotas—Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Federal University of Pelotas—Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
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Szlejf C, Suemoto CK, Lotufo PA, Benseñor IM. Association of Sarcopenia With Performance on Multiple Cognitive Domains: Results From the ELSA-Brasil Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1805-1811. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment share pathophysiological paths and risk factors. Our aim was to investigate the association of sarcopenia and its defining components with cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional analysis included 5,038 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Study, aged ≥ 55 years. Muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by handgrip strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health. Cognition was evaluated using delayed word recall test, semantic verbal fluency test, and trail making test version B. Possible confounders included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and clinical comorbidities.
Results
The frequencies of sarcopenia, low muscle mass, and low muscle strength were 1.8%, 23.3%, and 4.4%, respectively. After adjustment for possible confounders, poorer performance on the verbal fluency test was associated with sarcopenia (β = −0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.38; −0.01, p = .03) and low muscle mass (β = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.14; −0.01, p = .02). Low muscle strength was associated with poorer performance in the delayed word recall test (β = −0.14, 95% CI = −0.27; −0.02, p = .02), verbal fluency test (β = −0.14, 95% CI = −0.26; −0.02, p = .03), and trail making test (β = −0.15, 95% CI = −0.27; −0.03, p = .01).
Conclusions
Sarcopenia was associated with poorer performance on the verbal fluency test, and low muscle strength was associated with poorer performance in all cognitive tests in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Szlejf
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitario, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Diagnostic and Ambulatory Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitario, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitario, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Isabela M Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Hospital Universitario, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Brazil
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Shimokata H, Shimada H, Satake S, Endo N, Shibasaki K, Ogawa S, Arai H. Chapter 2 Epidemiology of sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 18 Suppl 1:13-22. [PMID: 29745460 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shosuke Satake
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Department of Orthopedics, Niigata University, Nigata, Japan
| | - Koji Shibasaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Cabett Cipolli G, Sanches Yassuda M, Aprahamian I. Sarcopenia Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:525-531. [PMID: 31233073 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is little evidence in the literature about the possible relationship between sarcopenia and cognition in older adults. Our objective was to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in older adults living in the community through a systematic review of published studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis through Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo and Web of Science databases between March 1, 2001 and December 18, 2018. We included longitudinal and cross-sectional studies that evaluated sarcopenia and cognition as a primary objective. RESULTS Of the 274 studies identified by the systematic review, 10 were included in qualitative analysis (total of 9,703 participants), and 6 were eligible for the meta-analysis (n = 7,045). Mean prevalence of sarcopenia was 10.5%. Cognitive impairment was observed in 269 participants with sarcopenia (40%), compared with 1,616 in non-sarcopenic participants (25.3%). Sarcopenia was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (pooled OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.26-4.92; p = 0.008). Heterogeneity across the studies was high and significant (I² = 84%). Discussion and Implications: Our analyzes confirmed that sarcopenic older adults presented a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. Sarcopenia may represent a risk factor for cognitive decline, but longitudinal studies are needed to explore causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cabett Cipolli
- Ivan Aprahamian, MD, MS, PhD, FACP. Group of Investigation on Multimorbidity and Mental Health in Aging (GIMMA), Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, Brazil. 250 Francisco Telles street. ZIP 13.202-550. E-mail:
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Vinel C, Lukjanenko L, Batut A, Deleruyelle S, Pradère JP, Le Gonidec S, Dortignac A, Geoffre N, Pereira O, Karaz S, Lee U, Camus M, Chaoui K, Mouisel E, Bigot A, Mouly V, Vigneau M, Pagano AF, Chopard A, Pillard F, Guyonnet S, Cesari M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pahor M, Feige JN, Vellas B, Valet P, Dray C. The exerkine apelin reverses age-associated sarcopenia. Nat Med 2018; 24:1360-1371. [PMID: 30061698 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and strength, lacks early diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies to prevent the frailty-to-disability transition often responsible for the medical institutionalization of elderly individuals. Herein we report that production of the endogenous peptide apelin, induced by muscle contraction, is reduced in an age-dependent manner in humans and rodents and is positively associated with the beneficial effects of exercise in older persons. Mice deficient in either apelin or its receptor (APLNR) presented dramatic alterations in muscle function with increasing age. Various strategies that restored apelin signaling during aging further demonstrated that this peptide considerably enhanced muscle function by triggering mitochondriogenesis, autophagy and anti-inflammatory pathways in myofibers as well as enhancing the regenerative capacity by targeting muscle stem cells. Taken together, these findings revealed positive regulatory feedback between physical activity, apelin and muscle function and identified apelin both as a tool for diagnosis of early sarcopenia and as the target of an innovative pharmacological strategy to prevent age-associated muscle weakness and restore physical autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vinel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Lukjanenko
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Batut
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Deleruyelle
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pradère
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Le Gonidec
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Alizée Dortignac
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nancy Geoffre
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ophelie Pereira
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Umji Lee
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mylène Camus
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Karima Chaoui
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bigot
- Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 UM76, Univ. Paris 6/U974, UMR7215, CNRS, Pitié-Salpétrière-INSERM, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Institut de Myologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 UM76, Univ. Paris 6/U974, UMR7215, CNRS, Pitié-Salpétrière-INSERM, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Vigneau
- Institut des Technologies Avancées en Science du Vivant-USR3505 Centre Pierre Potier, Toulouse, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Pillard
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Matteo Cesari
- Gérontopole Toulouse-Purpan UMR 1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marco Pahor
- Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Aging Department, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopole Toulouse-Purpan UMR 1027, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cedric Dray
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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Gogniat MA, Robinson TL, Mewborn CM, Jean KR, Miller LS. Body mass index and its relation to neuropsychological functioning and brain volume in healthy older adults. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:235-240. [PMID: 29689374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing concern worldwide because of its adverse health effects, including its negative impact on cognitive functioning. This concern is especially relevant for older adults, who are already likely to experience some cognitive decline and loss of brain volume due to aging, (Gea et al., 2002). However, there is some evidence that higher body mass index (BMI) may actually be protective in later life (Hughes et al., 2009; Luchsinger et al., 2007; Nilsson and Nilsson, 2009; Sturman et al., 2008). Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to assess the relationship between BMI and neuropsychological functioning in older adults, and concurrently the relationship between BMI and brain volume. Older adults (N = 88) reported height and weight to determine BMI (M = 26.5) based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. Cognitive function was assessed with the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Brain volume measurements were evaluated via structural MRI. Results indicated no association between BMI and neuropsychological functioning. There was a significant association between BMI and total grey matter volume while controlling for age and years of education (β = 0.208, p = .026, ΔR2 = 0.043), indicating that as BMI increased, brain volume in these areas modestly increased. However, these results did not survive multiple comparison corrections and were further attenuated to near significance when sex was explicitly added as an additional covariate. Nevertheless, while replication is clearly needed, these results suggest that moderately greater BMI in later life may modestly attenuate concomitant grey matter volume decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L Stephen Miller
- University of Georgia, Department of Psychology, Athens, GA, USA; University of Georgia, Bio-Imaging Research Center, Athens, GA, USA.
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Patel A, Jameson KA, Edwards MH, Ward K, Gale CR, Cooper C, Dennison EM. Mild cognitive impairment is associated with poor physical function but not bone structure or density in late adulthood: findings from the Hertfordshire cohort study. Arch Osteoporos 2018; 13:44. [PMID: 29691721 PMCID: PMC5915513 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-018-0455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and physical function and bone health in older adults. MCI was associated with poor physical performance but not bone mineral density or bone microarchitecture. PURPOSE Cross-sectional study to investigate the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and physical performance, and bone health, in a community-dwelling cohort of older adults. METHODS Cognitive function of 222 men and 221 women (mean age 75.5 and 75.8 years in men and women, respectively) was assessed by the Strawbridge questionnaire and Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE). Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), peripheral-quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and high-resolution peripheral-quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans to assess their bone density, strength and microarchitecture. Their physical function was assessed and a physical performance (PP) score was recorded. RESULTS In the study, 11.8% of women and 8.1% of men were cognitively impaired on the MMSE (score < 24). On the Strawbridge questionnaire, 24% of women were deemed cognitively impaired compared to 22.3% of men. Cognitive impairment on the Strawbridge questionnaire was associated with poorer physical performance score in men but not in women in the unadjusted analysis. MMSE < 24 was strongly associated with the risk of low physical performance in men (OR 12.9, 95% CI 1.67, 99.8, p = 0.01). Higher MMSE score was associated with better physical performance in both sexes. Poorer cognitive function, whether assessed by the Strawbridge questionnaire, or by MMSE score, was not associated with bone density, shape or microarchitecture, in either sex. CONCLUSION MCI in older adults was associated with poor physical performance, but not bone density, shape or microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Patel
- grid.430506.4University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK ,0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - K. A. Jameson
- 0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - M. H. Edwards
- 0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - K. Ward
- 0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - C. R. Gale
- 0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. Cooper
- 0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elaine M. Dennison
- 0000 0004 1936 9297grid.5491.9MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK ,0000 0001 2292 3111grid.267827.eVictoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
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Kohara K, Okada Y, Ochi M, Ohara M, Nagai T, Tabara Y, Igase M. Muscle mass decline, arterial stiffness, white matter hyperintensity, and cognitive impairment: Japan Shimanami Health Promoting Program study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:557-566. [PMID: 28371474 PMCID: PMC5566649 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a close association between frailty and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying contribution of sarcopenia to the development of cognitive impairment is unclear. We investigated the possible association between muscle mass decline and cognitive impairment in a cross-sectional study of 1518 subjects aged 55 years or above. We also evaluated arterial stiffness and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) as possible underlying mechanisms for this association. METHODS Two sarcopenic indices were measured: thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA; calculated by computed tomography) and skeletal muscle mass (bioelectric impedance). Muscle mass decline was defined as either the bottom 10% or 20% of participants for each sex. Cognitive function was assessed using the Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was measured as an index of arterial stiffness. RESULTS Both sarcopenic indices were modestly but significantly associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in male and female subjects. The presence of WMHs was significantly associated with low thigh muscle CSA in men and with low skeletal muscle mass in women. The Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale score was modestly but significantly and positively associated with thigh muscle CSA in men and skeletal muscle mass in women. Muscle mass decline in the bottom 10% of participants on both sarcopenic indices was significantly and independently related to cognitive impairment in women. CONCLUSIONS Lower sarcopenic indices are significantly related to lower cognitive scores. Arterial stiffness and WMHs could account, at least in part, for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Kohara
- Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ochi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Maya Ohara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tokihisa Nagai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoinkawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michiya Igase
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Neurology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon City, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Mundell NL, Daly RM, Macpherson H, Fraser SF. Cognitive decline in prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT: a potential role for exercise training. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:R145-R155. [PMID: 28209634 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective and widely prescribed treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), but it is associated with multiple treatment-induced adverse effects that impact on various musculoskeletal and cardiometabolic health outcomes. Emerging research has shown that ADT is also associated with cognitive impairment, which has been linked to a loss of independence, increased falls and fracture risk and greater use of medical services. The aim of this review is to outline the evidence related to the effect of ADT use on cognitive function, and propose a role for exercise training as part of usual care to prevent and/or manage cognitive impairments for PCa survivors on ADT. The following results have been obtained from this study. ADT has been shown to adversely affect specific cognitive domains, particularly verbal memory, visuomotor function, attention and executive function. However, current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine assessment of cognitive function in these men. No studies have examined whether exercise training can preserve or improve cognitive function in these men, but in healthy adults', multimodal exercise training incorporating aerobic training, progressive resistance training (PRT) and challenging motor control exercises have the potential to attenuate cognitive decline. In conclusion, as treatment with ADT for men with PCa has been associated with a decline in cognition, it is recommended that cognitive function be routinely monitored in these men and that regular exercise training be prescribed to preserve (or improve) cognitive function. Assessment of cognition and individualised exercise training should be considered in the usual treatment plan of PCa patients receiving ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh L Mundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve F Fraser
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Schousboe JT, Langsetmo L, Schwartz AV, Taylor BC, Vo TN, Kats AM, Barrett-Connor E, Orwoll ES, Marshall LM, Miljkovic I, Lane NE, Ensrud KE. Comparison of Associations of DXA and CT Visceral Adipose Tissue Measures With Insulin Resistance, Lipid Levels, and Inflammatory Markers. J Clin Densitom 2017; 20:256-264. [PMID: 28238606 PMCID: PMC5560438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by computed tomography (CT) is related to insulin resistance, lipids, and serum inflammatory markers. Our objective was to compare the strength of the associations of VAT measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA-VAT) and CT (CT-VAT) with insulin resistance, serum lipids, and serum markers of inflammation. For 1117 men aged 65 and older enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, the cross-sectional associations of DXA-VAT and CT-VAT with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (homa2ir), C-reactive protein, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were estimated with regression models and compared using a Hausman test. Adjusted for age and body mass index, DXA-VAT was moderately associated with homa2ir (effect size 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-0.47) and modestly associated with HDL cholesterol (DXA effect size -0.29, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.21). These associations were significantly greater than those for CT-VAT with homa2ir (0.30, 95% CI: 0.24-0.37; p value for effect size difference 0.03) and CT-VAT with HDL cholesterol (-0.22, 95% CI: -0.29 to -0.15; p value for difference 0.005). Neither DXA-VAT nor CT-VAT was associated with C-reactive protein after adjustment for age and body mass index (DXA-VAT effect size 0.14, 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.32; CT-VAT effect size 0.08, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.25; p value for difference 0.35). DXA-VAT has similar or greater associations with insulin resistance and HDL cholesterol as does CT-VAT in older men, confirming the concurrent validity of DXA-VAT. Investigations of how well DXA measurements of VAT predict incident cardiovascular disease events are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and Health Partners Institute, HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brent C Taylor
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tien N Vo
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Allyson M Kats
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lynn M Marshall
- Bone and Mineral Unit, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Rheumatology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Morin JP, Rodríguez-Durán LF, Guzmán-Ramos K, Perez-Cruz C, Ferreira G, Diaz-Cintra S, Pacheco-López G. Palatable Hyper-Caloric Foods Impact on Neuronal Plasticity. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:19. [PMID: 28261067 PMCID: PMC5306218 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity is an intrinsic and essential characteristic of the nervous system that allows animals “self-tuning” to adapt to their environment over their lifetime. Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system is a form of neural plasticity that underlies learning and memory formation, as well as long-lasting, environmentally-induced maladaptive behaviors, such as drug addiction and overeating of palatable hyper-caloric (PHc) food. In western societies, the abundance of PHc foods has caused a dramatic increase in the incidence of overweight/obesity and related disorders. To this regard, it has been suggested that increased adiposity may be caused at least in part by behavioral changes in the affected individuals that are induced by the chronic consumption of PHc foods; some authors have even drawn attention to the similarity that exists between over-indulgent eating and drug addiction. Long-term misuse of certain dietary components has also been linked to chronic neuroimmune maladaptation that may predispose individuals to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. In this review article, we discuss recent evidence that shows how consumption of PHc food can cause maladaptive neural plasticity that converts short-term ingestive drives into compulsive behaviors. We also discuss the neural mechanisms of how chronic consumption of PHc foods may alter brain function and lead to cognitive impairments, focusing on prenatal, childhood and adolescence as vulnerable neurodevelopmental stages to dietary environmental insults. Finally, we outline a societal agenda for harnessing permissive obesogenic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pascal Morin
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM)Lerma, Mexico; Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-EssenEssen, Germany
| | - Luis F Rodríguez-Durán
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM)Lerma, Mexico; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Division of Research and Graduate Studies, Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kioko Guzmán-Ramos
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM) Lerma, Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Research and Advance Studies (CINVESTAV) Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR 1286Bordeaux, France; Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Sofia Diaz-Cintra
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM)Lerma, Mexico; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) ZurichSchwerzenbach, Switzerland
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