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Schwarz R, Miskowiak KW, Kessing LV, Vinberg M. Clinical and personal predictors of functioning in affective disorders: Exploratory results from baseline and 6-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:386-392. [PMID: 38772130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge of factors causing and sustaining functional impairment in patients with affective disorders is warranted. The aim is to investigate associations between clinical factors (such as affective symptoms) and personal factors (such as personality traits, coping strategies, and childhood trauma experiences) on functioning and improvement of functioning in patients with affective disorders. This exploratory study includes data from 103 patients with bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder. Clinician-rated functioning was assessed at baseline using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and performance-based functioning was assessed at baseline and 6-month follow-up using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Data on clinical and personal factors were collected at baseline. Personal factors were measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPQ), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the association of clinical and personal factors with baseline functioning (FAST) and to identify predictors of improvement in functioning (AMPS) from baseline to follow-up. At baseline, greater depressive symptom severity, the personality trait neuroticism, emotional coping, and childhood trauma all correlated with poorer functioning (higher FAST scores). In multiple linear regression models, depression severity, emotional coping and childhood trauma were significant predictors of poorer functioning. More childhood trauma was a predictor of less functional improvement measured by AMPS at 6-month follow-up. In conclusion, maladaptive coping styles and depressive symptoms contribute to functional impairment in patients with affective disorders, while childhood trauma has a negative impact on long-term functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Schwarz
- The Early Multimodular Prevention and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI), Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- The Early Multimodular Prevention and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI), Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Carvalho Silva R, Oliva F, Barlati S, Perusi G, Meattini M, Dashi E, Colombi N, Vaona A, Carletto S, Minelli A. Childhood neglect, the neglected trauma. A systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115881. [PMID: 38579459 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic events increase risk of mental illnesses, but childhood neglect prevalence in psychiatric disorders is understudied. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed neglect prevalence, including emotional neglect (EN) and physical neglect (PN), among adults with psychiatric disorders. We conducted a systematic search and meta-analysis in 122 studies assessing different psychiatric disorders. Prevalence was 46.6% (95%CI[34.5-59.0]) for unspecified neglect (Ne), 43.1% (95%CI[39.0-47.4]) for EN, and 34.8% (95%CI[30.6-39.2]) for PN. Although a moderating effect of the psychiatric diagnostic category was not confirmed, some clinical diagnoses had significantly lower prevalence rates than others. Patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder showed lower prevalence rates of EN and PN, whereas lower prevalence was found in psychotic disorders and eating disorders for PN only. Neglect assessment was a significant moderator for Ne and PN. No moderating effect of age and sex on neglect prevalence was found. Heterogeneity levels within and between psychiatric diagnostic categories remained high. This is the first meta-analysis examining diverse types of neglect prevalence considering different psychiatric diagnoses. Our results explore the prevalence of childhood neglect and its subtypes among adults with psychiatric disorders, contributing to understanding the nuanced interplay between neglect and specific psychiatric conditions, and guiding interventions for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Perusi
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Meattini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elona Dashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center "Mother Theresa", Tirane, Albania
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Federated Library of Medicine "F. Rossi", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Vaona
- Azienda Ulss9, Department Cure Primarie, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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3
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Wang D, Zhou M, Hu Y. The Relationship Between Harsh Parenting and Smartphone Addiction Among Adolescents: Serial Mediating Role of Depression and Social Pain. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:735-752. [PMID: 38410380 PMCID: PMC10896639 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s438014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the increasing prevalence of smart phones, adolescent smartphone addiction has garnered significant attention from researchers. Previous studies have revealed that smartphone addiction is associated with various internalization and externalization problems. Therefore, this present study aims to investigate the risk factors contributing to adolescent smartphone addiction. Methods Study 1 recruited a sample of 540, 690, and 470 Chinese students aged between 10-17 years for exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and predictive validity analysis of the social pain scale. Study 2 utilized data from a sample of 718 Chinese students aged between 10-17 years to examine the measurement model used revised social pain scale, smartphone addiction scale, harsh parenting scale, and depression sub-scale. Results The present study revealed that (1)The Social Pain Scale had good applicability in Chinese adolescents; (2) There were significant, positive correlations among harsh parenting, smartphone addiction, depression and social pain; (3) Social pain and depression played a partially serial mediating role in the relationship between harsh parenting and smartphone addiction, and similarly the relationship between paternal harsh parenting and smartphone addiction, while a completely serial mediating role in the relationship between maternal harsh parenting and smartphone addiction. Conclusion This study provides a direct path (improving parenting style) and an indirect path (reducing social pain to reduce depression) regarding interventions for adolescents with smartphone addiction, and establishes a basis for improving the situation of adolescent smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Hu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Nagar M, Nakash O. Can I Leave the Past Behind? Associations between Childhood Abuse and Adult Psychopathology. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:412. [PMID: 38338297 PMCID: PMC10855430 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research consistently shows that abuse during childhood is related to adult psychopathology. Information regarding childhood abuse is frequently collected from either previous documentation or from participants' self-reports. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we combined information on reports of childhood abuse from several informants (patients, treating clinicians, and independent interviewer), as well as diagnostic assessments of adult patients based on independent interviewer assessments based on structured diagnostic interviews (SCID) and clinician judgments, to better examine the association between exposure to abuse during childhood and adult psychopathology. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of patients in community mental health and hospital-based clinics (N = 170) and their clinicians (N = 80) participated in the study. METHODS Patients and clinicians completed the Clinical Data Form. Patients also completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Independent interviewer-assessed patients and completed the Familial Experiences Interview. Clinicians completed a diagnostic assessment of their patients based on clinical judgment. Independent interviewers completed the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID). RESULTS Reports of exposure to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse during childhood from all informants correlated with the treating clinician's diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD; r range 0.23-0.37, p < 0.05), but not with SCID diagnosis of BPD. Clinician and SCID diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) correlated with patient and interviewer reports of childhood sexual abuse (r range 0.23-0.30, p < 0.05), but there were no correlations with treating clinician's reports of sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS The association between BPD and childhood abuse is consistent across different ratings and measurements. The study raises questions of the ability of a structured interview to accurately capture BPD and highlights the connection between sexual abuse and PTSD, and the importance of treating clinicians' examination of childhood sexual abuse among their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Nagar
- Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- School for Social Work, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA;
| | - Ora Nakash
- School for Social Work, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA;
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Koschig M, Conrad I, Berger K, Baune BT, Grabe HJ, Gerstorf D, Meinke-Franze C, Völzke H, Mikolajczyk R, Leitzmann M, Fricke J, Keil T, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Perna L, Obi N, Pabst A, Riedel-Heller SG. The mediating role of personality traits in the association between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in young adulthood. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:373-379. [PMID: 37331380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the Big 5 personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) in the association between early traumatization and depressive symptoms in early adulthood (20-25-year-olds) in a German population-based sample. METHODS A total of 3176 participants from the German National Cohort (NAKO) baseline with an age between 20 and 25 years were included in this investigation. The sum score of the 9-item-version of the Patient Health Questionnaire was used for assessment of depressive symptoms. A structural equation model was built to test the paths between childhood trauma, Big 5 personality traits and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Overall, 10.7 % of the young adult sample had a PHQ-9 sum score of ten or higher. The final mediation model fitted well for young adults. We found evidence for a partial mediating effect of Big 5 personality traits. LIMITATIONS We only adjusted for age, sex, and year of data collection and did not include biological factors in the model. CONCLUSION Young adults with early trauma experiences have a risk for developing depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediated the association between early trauma and depressive symptoms for young adults and should be recognized in preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koschig
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology & Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Humboldt University Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle Wittenberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Koch-Gallenkamp
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Perna
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pabst
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Kotlinska JH, Grochecki P, Michalak A, Pankowska A, Kochalska K, Suder P, Ner-Kluza J, Matosiuk D, Marszalek-Grabska M. Neonatal Maternal Separation Induces Sexual Dimorphism in Brain Development: The Influence on Amino Acid Levels and Cognitive Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1449. [PMID: 37892131 PMCID: PMC10605115 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated maternal separation (MS) is a useful experimental model in rodents for studying the long-term influence of early-life stress on brain neurophysiology. In our work, we assessed the effect of repeated MS (postnatal day (PND)1-21, 180 min/day) on the postnatal development of rat brain regions involved in memory using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) for tissue volume and the level of amino acids such as glutamate, aspartate, glutamine, glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus. We assessed whether these effects are sex dependent. We also use novel object recognition (NOR) task to examine the effect of MS on memory and the effect of ethanol on it. Finally, we attempted to ameliorate postnatal stress-induced memory deficits by using VU-29, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the metabotropic glutamate type 5 (mGlu5) receptor. In males, we noted deficits in the levels of glutamate, glycine and glutamine and increases in GABA in the hippocampus. In addition, the values of perirhinal cortex, prefrontal cortex and insular cortex and CA3 were decreased in these animals. MS females, in contrast, demonstrated significant increase in glutamate levels and decrease in GABA levels in the hippocampus. Here, the CA1 values alone were increased. VU-29 administration ameliorated these cognitive deficits. Thus, MS stress disturbs amino acids levels mainly in the hippocampus of adult male rats, and enhancement of glutamate neurotransmission reversed recognition memory deficits in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Pawel Grochecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Michalak
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Pankowska
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Kochalska
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Piotr Suder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (P.S.); (J.N.-K.)
| | - Joanna Ner-Kluza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (P.S.); (J.N.-K.)
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Marszalek-Grabska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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7
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Ahuja M, Okoro J, Frimpong E, Doshi RP, Wani RJ. Feeling Not Wanted/Loved and Depression: Does Gender Matter? Psychol Rep 2023; 126:712-726. [PMID: 34969338 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211062822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression affects over 17 million American adults yearly and has been identified as the leading cause of disability in people between the ages of 15 and 44 years. There is evidence that feeling neglect or a lack of parental attachment during childhood is associated with depression. One construct that has been overlooked is love from a parent. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between individuals who felt not wanted/loved during adolescence and lifetime depression and to examine this association by gender. We examined 5114 participants aged 24-32 years at Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) public use dataset. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the association between an individual feeling not wanted/loved by their parent/caregiver prior to age 18, covariates, and lifetime depression. We then stratified by gender and ran logistic models for both men and women separately. Overall, 16.2% (n = 827) reported lifetime depression diagnosis, while 16.5% of the participants reported feeling not wanted/loved "often," while 29.8% reported it as "sometimes." Feeling not wanted/loved "often" was associated with higher odds of depression (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI, 2.45-3.66; p < .001) versus "sometimes" (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31-1.90; p < .001). When stratified by gender, feeling not loved/wanted was associated with depression among both men (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.60-5.25; p < .001) and women (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI, 2.13-3.48; p < .001). Feeling not loved or wanted by a parent/caregiver during adolescence has serious implications, for both men and women. Future studies should further examine this construct and identify family-based interventions that focus on parent/caregiver and child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Ahuja
- College of Public Health, 4154East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Joy Okoro
- College of Public Health, 4154East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Esther Frimpong
- College of Public Health, 4154East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Riddhi P Doshi
- Center for Population Health, 7712University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
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Wang P, Xie X, Chen M, Zhang N, Wang W, Ma S, Nie Z, Yao L, Liu Z. Measuring childhood trauma in young adults with depression: A latent profile analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103387. [PMID: 36525765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood traumas are important risk factors for depression in young adults. However, the co-occurrence of childhood traumas is complex, and the specific effects of different types of childhood traumas on depression need further exploration. The aim of this study was to assess the co-occurrence of childhood traumas and the impact of different profiles of childhood trauma on depression. A total of 1053 young adults with depression in China participated. PHQ-9, SHAPS, GAD-7, CTQ-SF, and NLES were evaluated. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify profiles of childhood trauma. The effects of different childhood trauma profiles on depression, anxiety, and anhedonia were assessed using stepwise linear regression. LPA suggested three profiles: no or low childhood traumas, moderate childhood trauma with emotional abuse and childhood neglect, and high childhood trauma with high levels of all trauma types. Regression analyses suggested that high levels of emotional abuse and childhood neglect significantly affected anhedonia. Childhood adverse events cluster in young adults with depression, allowing grouping into three distinct profiles. Specific childhood trauma patterns predict anhedonia symptoms in adult depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhaowen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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9
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Grochecki P, Smaga I, Surowka P, Marszalek-Grabska M, Kalaba P, Dragacevic V, Kotlinska P, Filip M, Lubec G, Kotlinska JH. Novel Dopamine Transporter Inhibitor, CE-123, Ameliorates Spatial Memory Deficits Induced by Maternal Separation in Adolescent Rats: Impact of Sex. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810718. [PMID: 36142621 PMCID: PMC9503873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) is a key contributor to neurodevelopmental disorders, including learning disabilities. To test the hypothesis that dopamine signaling is a major factor in this, an atypical new dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor, CE-123, was assessed for its potential to counteract the MS-induced spatial learning and memory deficit in male and female rats. Hence, neonatal rats (postnatal day (PND)1 to 21) were exposed to MS (180 min/day). Next, the acquisition of spatial learning and memory (Barnes maze task) and the expression of dopamine D1 receptor, dopamine transporter (DAT), and the neuronal GTPase, RIT2, which binds DAT in the vehicle-treated rats were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the adolescent animals. The results show that MS impairs the acquisition of spatial learning and memory in rats, with a more severe effect in females. Moreover, the MS induced upregulation of DAT and dopamine D1 receptors expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in adolescent rats. Regarding RIT2, the expression was decreased in the hippocampus for both the males and females, however, in the prefrontal cortex, reduction was found only in the females, suggesting that there are region-specific differences in DAT endocytic trafficking. CE-123 ameliorated the behavioral deficits associated with MS. Furthermore, it decreased the MS-induced upregulation of D1 receptor expression level in the hippocampus. These effects were more noted in females. Overall, CE-123, an atypical DAT inhibitor, is able to restore cognitive impairment and dopamine signaling in adolescent rats exposed to MS—with more evident effect in females than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Grochecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Surowka
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Marszalek-Grabska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Predrag Kalaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Paracelsus Private Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Vladimir Dragacevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Malgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Paracelsus Private Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Chodzki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-7255; Fax: +48-81-448-7250
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10
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Bianchini V, Paoletti G, Ortenzi R, Lagrotteria B, Roncone R, Cofini V, Nicolò G. The Prevalence of PTSD in a Forensic Psychiatric Setting: The Impact of Traumatic Lifetime Experiences. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:843730. [PMID: 35573371 PMCID: PMC9091818 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.843730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have identified traumatic history among forensic patients and its association with criminal behaviors and psychiatric diagnoses. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in forensic settings causing a serious deterioration of the primary psychiatric disorder. Aims Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of PTSD and the role of traumatic experiences and abuse in the development of severe psychiatric disorders in a sample of psychiatric offenders. Methods Fifty-three patients admitted in Italian high intensity therapeutic facilities-the Residenze per l'Esecuzione delle Misure di Sicurezza (REMS)-were evaluated with the Trauma Experience Checklist (TEC) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxal Inventory (MCMI-III) to study lifetime traumatic memories and general psychopathology, respectively. Results Preliminary findings show that about 41% (N = 22) of psychiatric offenders were affected by PTSD, often not due to a single episode but to multiple lifetime traumas. Therefore, lifetime traumatic experiences and specifically sexual abuse are significant risk factors for the development of a personality disorder, which is present in the 38% (N = 20) of the sample. Conclusions The high PTSD prevalence and the strong association found between trauma and abuse with the development of a personality disorder emphasizes the importance of an early evaluation and intervention on traumatic experiences in this difficult population of psychiatric patients; in fact, the treatment of psychiatric offenders is actually vague and devoid of scientific evidence. Our results open up the perspective on the use of known and specific interventions for trauma, such as EMDR and Mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bianchini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Terzo Centro di Psicoterapia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Paoletti
- DSMDP Asl Roma 5, REMS Castore, Contrada Colle Cisterna, Subiaco, Italy
| | - Roberta Ortenzi
- DSMDP Asl Roma 5, REMS Castore, Contrada Colle Cisterna, Subiaco, Italy
- Scuola di Terapia Cognitiva—APC, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Lagrotteria
- Terzo Centro di Psicoterapia, Rome, Italy
- DSMDP Asl Roma 5, REMS Castore, Contrada Colle Cisterna, Subiaco, Italy
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva—SPC, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò
- Terzo Centro di Psicoterapia, Rome, Italy
- DSMDP Asl Roma 5, REMS Castore, Contrada Colle Cisterna, Subiaco, Italy
- Scuola Italiana Cognitivismo Clinico—SICC, Rome, Italy
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11
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Sun D, Zhang R, Ma X, Sultana MS, Jiao L, Li M, Yang Y, Li M, Liu Q, Li Z. The association between childhood trauma and the age of onset in drug-free bipolar depression. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114469. [PMID: 35231875 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and clinical correlates in bipolar depression. METHODS A total of 61 bipolar depression patients were enrolled and assessed based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Patient Health Questionaire-15 (PHQ-15), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) systems. RESULTS The age of onset in bipolar depression patients with either trauma or abuse or neglect was significantly lower than in patients without these factors. There were statistically significant negative correlations between the age of onset and the number of different trauma types in bipolar depression patients. Multiple variable regression showed a significant association between the number of trauma types and the age of onset. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the age of onset with CTQ-SF total score (CTS), emotional abuse score and emotional neglect score, and physical neglect score. However, multiple variable regression analysis revealed that there was a significant association between emotional abuse score and the age of onset of bipolar depression patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that childhood trauma may be associated with physical symptoms and the age of onset in bipolar depression patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Mst Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lianfa Jiao
- Department of Xinzhuang Town Health Center, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghe Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Herrman H, Patel V, Kieling C, Berk M, Buchweitz C, Cuijpers P, Furukawa TA, Kessler RC, Kohrt BA, Maj M, McGorry P, Reynolds CF, Weissman MM, Chibanda D, Dowrick C, Howard LM, Hoven CW, Knapp M, Mayberg HS, Penninx BWJH, Xiao S, Trivedi M, Uher R, Vijayakumar L, Wolpert M. Time for united action on depression: a Lancet-World Psychiatric Association Commission. Lancet 2022; 399:957-1022. [PMID: 35180424 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Herrman
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Sangath, Goa, India; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Institute, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Buchweitz
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Toshiaki A Furukawa
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania L Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles F Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dixon Chibanda
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Centre for Global Mental Health, The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christopher Dowrick
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christina W Hoven
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Knapp
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shuiyuan Xiao
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, China
| | - Madhukar Trivedi
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Vijayakumar
- Sneha, Suicide Prevention Centre and Voluntary Health Services, Chennai, India
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13
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Chodkiewicz J, Wydrzyński M, Talarowska M. J. Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas and Symptoms of Male Depression. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:167. [PMID: 35207455 PMCID: PMC8876682 DOI: 10.3390/life12020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: There are more non-specific, hence harder to diagnose, symptoms in the picture of male depression. These symptoms are strongly linked to social norms and roles traditionally assigned to men. The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationship of early maladaptive schemas that affect the formation of self-image as a man with indicators of male depression. Materials and methods: The Gender-Sensitive Depression Screening (GSDS-26) by A.M. Möller-Leimkühler and the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire by J. Young (YSQ-S3-PL) were used. A group of 75 men (aged 18 to 50) were qualified to take part in the research. Results: The total score of the GSDS-26 scale and individual indicators of male depression are strongly positively correlated with the severity of all five domains of the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire. The highest correlation coefficient value was obtained in the following areas: "Disconnection and rejection" (0.741), "Other-directedness" (0.711), and "Overvigilance and inhibition" (0.711). In case of the GSDS-26 total score and the following indicators-Elevated stress, Aggressiveness, Emotional control, Risky behavior, and Classic symptoms of depression-positive statistically significant associations were confirmed with each of the 18 schemas from the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire. Multiple regression results revealed that the following domains were significant for symptoms typical of male depression: "Disconnection and rejection" and "Impaired autonomy and performance". The "Impaired limits" area was found to be statistically significant only for symptoms of classic depression. Conclusions: (1) The GSDS-26 scale scores show positive associations with each domain of the YSQ-S3-PL questionnaire. (2) The following areas seem to be more important for atypical depressive symptoms in men: "Disconnection and rejection" and "Impaired autonomy and performance", while for classic depression: "Impaired limits" was more important. (3) In therapeutic work with male depressive symptoms, it is useful to focus on dominant maladaptive schemas alongside beliefs about stereotypical male roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Talarowska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, 91-433 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.W.)
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14
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Current Psychosocial Stressors: Exploring Effects on Mental Health and Parenting Outcomes from a Mother-Baby Partial Hospital Program. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:289-298. [PMID: 34993753 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can detrimentally impact perinatal mental health, birth outcomes, and parenting behaviors. Proximal psychosocial stressors also increase risks to perinatal health and wellbeing. Additional research on effective perinatal mental health programs is needed, especially for individuals and families with historical and concurrent adversity, and those with moderate to severe symptoms. METHODS The Mother-Baby Day Hospital at Hennepin County Medical Center provides trauma-informed, multi-generation treatment for perinatal women. Data were collected from patients between January 2016 and September 2019. Self-reported depression, anxiety, and maternal functioning assessments were administered pre- and post-treatment. Patients completed the ACE questionnaire and indicators of current psychosocial stressors (i.e., food insecurity, housing insecurity, and social support) at intake. A series of bivariate tests and hierarchical regression models examined relationships among variables, including whether distal and proximal adversity predicted post-treatment symptoms. RESULTS 159 Perinatal patients consented to research and completed the ACEs questionnaire at first admission. High proportions of patients reported 4+ ACEs and current psychosocial stressors. Effect sizes for associations between ACEs, psychosocial stressors, and self-report symptoms were small to moderate. Individuals with food or housing insecurity entered treatment with higher anxiety. In regression models, the most robust predictors of post-treatment symptoms were pre-treatment symptoms. Effects of ACEs on post-treatment depression and food insecurity on post-treatment maternal functioning approached the adjusted significance cut-off (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: Current psychosocial stressors and ACEs did not substantially limit post-treatment depression, anxiety, and maternal functioning outcomes. High prevalence of ACEs and psychosocial stressors highlight the need for trauma-informed, multi-generation treatments to improve maternal mental health and parenting capacity.
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15
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Ceruso A, Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M, Peters-Corbett A, Diaz-Gutierrez MJ, Martínez-Cengotitabengoa M. Alterations of the HPA Axis Observed in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Their Relation to Early Life Stress: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:417-427. [PMID: 32203965 DOI: 10.1159/000506484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are common in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, these alterations are not found in every patient. There is evidence to indicate a possible mediating role of early life stress (ELS) in the relation between dysfunction of the HPA axis and MDD. We conducted a systematic review to understand if the alterations of the HPA axis commonly found in patients with MDD are due to early life stress or are caused by the disorder itself. METHODS The review was conducted by following the PRISMA guidelines. Original articles were found in PubMed and via a manual search. Only studies whose design allowed comparison of the HPA functioning in the 4 groups no-MDD/no-ELS, MDD/no-ELS, no-MDD/ELS, and MDD/ELS were included. RESULTS Hyperactivity or hypoactivity of the HPA axis was found in 8 articles. A greater number of abnormalities and a higher rate of posttraumatic stress disorder comorbidity were found in the MDD/ELS group. Dysfunction of the HPA axis was also found in the no-MDD/ELS groups. CONCLUSION HPA dysfunction found in MDD seems to be more related to the presence of ELS rather than to the MDD itself. Future studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ceruso
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Monica Martínez-Cengotitabengoa
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain, .,Psychology Clinic of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom,
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16
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Barreto FS, Ribeiro WLC, Cavalcanti BC, Silva PGDB, Soares CN, Vasconcelos GS, Nunes APN, Moraes Filho MOD, Macedo DS. Early maternal separation enhances melanoma progression in adult female mice by immune mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1502:40-53. [PMID: 34184281 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS) is a risk factor for major depressive disorder. Both cancer and depression seem to share a common biological link. Here, we evaluated the progression of melanoma and the underlying mechanisms related to this progression, namely cell proliferation and apoptosis, in adult female mice exposed to MS. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to MS for 60 min/day during the first 2 postnatal weeks (here called MS mice) or left undisturbed (here called non-MS mice). Melanoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously into the axillary region of adult animals, and tumor progression was evaluated for 25 days. Adult MS mice presented depressive-like behavior and working memory deficits. MS accelerated murine melanoma growth by mechanisms related to decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation rate, such as increased expression of IL-6 and mTOR. MS stimulated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 expression and increased the number of circulating monocytes and DNA damage in peripheral blood leukocytes, an effect associated with oxidative DNA damage. In conclusion, MS accelerated the progression of murine melanoma by mechanisms related to tumor proliferation and apoptosis, revealing a relationship between adverse childhood experiences and cancer progression, particularly melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Stefânio Barreto
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Caren Nádia Soares
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Germana Silva Vasconcelos
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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17
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Bishop A, Younan R, Low J, Pilkington PD. Early maladaptive schemas and depression in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:111-130. [PMID: 34131990 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved understanding of the specific cognitive risk factors associated with depression is needed to inform prevention and treatment approaches. Recent research has examined the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and depression, but the findings were yet to be integrated using meta-analytic methods. The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the relationship between depression and EMS. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, by searching the PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL databases. Included studies were peer-reviewed journal articles that examined the relationship between one or more EMS and depression in adulthood in participants aged 18 years or older. RESULTS A total of 51 studies were included (k = 743; pooled N = 17,830). All 18 EMSs were positively correlated with depression, with effect sizes ranging from small (r = .23 [.17, .29]; Entitlement) to large (r = .53 [.46, .60]; Social Isolation; r = .50, 95% CI [.45, .54]; Defectiveness/Shame). CONCLUSION The evidence suggests that individuals who feel like they do not belong, or that they are flawed, bad or unlovable, report higher levels of depression. However, most studies used cross-sectional designs, and further longitudinal research is needed to establish the direction of the relationship between EMS and depression. These findings can guide preventative and treatment approaches. Focusing treatment on the Social Isolation and Defectiveness/Shame EMS may aid in relieving depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bishop
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rita Younan
- Schema Therapy Institute of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer Low
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pamela D Pilkington
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Chen Z, Shen S, Dai Q. Long-term and short-term psycho-social predictors of early-adulthood depression: role of childhood trauma, neuroticism, social-support, resilience, and life-events. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Carletto S, Malandrone F, Berchialla P, Oliva F, Colombi N, Hase M, Hofmann A, Ostacoli L. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1894736. [PMID: 33889310 PMCID: PMC8043524 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1894736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been applied to different psychiatric conditions beyond post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and an increasing number of studies have evaluated its effect on depression. To date, no quantitative synthesis of the efficacy of EMDR on depression has been conducted. Objective: To meta-analytically review the studies on EMDR for depression as the primary target for treatment. Method: Studies with a controlled design evaluating the effect of EMDR on depression were searched on six electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane database, and Francine Shapiro Library) and then selected by two independent reviewers. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Results: Eleven studies were included for qualitative synthesis. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 373 participants. The overall effect size of EMDR for depressive symptoms is large (n = 9, Hedges' g = - 1.07; 95%CI [-1.66; - 0.48]), with high heterogeneity (I 2 = 84%), and corresponds to a 'number needed to treat' of 1.8. At follow-up (range 3-6 months), the effect remains significant but moderate (n = 3, Hedges' g = - 0.62; 95%CI [-0.97; - 0.28]; I 2 = 0%). The effect of EMDR compared with active controls is also moderate (n = 7, g = - 0.68; 95%CI [-0.92; - 0.43]; I 2 = 0%). No publication bias was found, although the results are limited by the small number and poor methodological quality of the included studies. Conclusions: Review findings suggest that EMDR may be considered an effective treatment for improving symptoms of depression, with effects comparable to other active treatments. However, findings need to be interpreted in light of the limited number of the studies and their quality. Further research is required to understand the longer-term of effects EMDR in treating depression and preventing depression relapse. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42018090086).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carletto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Malandrone
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Berchialla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Colombi
- Biblioteca Federata di Medicina "Ferdinando Rossi", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Hase
- Lüneburg Centre for Stress Medicine, Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - Luca Ostacoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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20
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Mosqueiro BP, Caldieraro MA, Messinger M, da Costa FBP, Peteet JR, P Fleck M. Religiosity, spirituality, suicide risk and remission of depressive symptoms: a 6-month prospective study of tertiary care Brazilian patients. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:434-442. [PMID: 33120244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are increasingly recognized as significant aspects in the evaluation of depressed patients. Limited research, however, has investigated the impact of R/S on outcomes of more severe or chronic depressed patients. The present study investigated the impact of different religiosity dimensions in tertiary care Brazilian depressed patients over suicide risk scores measured at baseline and remission of depressive symptoms in a 6-month prospective follow-up. In 277 individuals interviewed, 226 presented a diagnosis of depressive episode and 192 were assessed in the follow-up. Religiosity was evaluated using the Duke University Religion Index, comprising three dimensions of religiosity (organizational religiosity, non-organizational religiosity, intrinsic religiosity). Other potential predictors of outcomes included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Maudsley Staging of illness (MSM), Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS), World Health Organization Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs instrument (WHOQOL-SRPB) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). Results showed that almost half (46.1%) of the patients reported previous suicide attempts. Linear regression models identified that religious attendance (t-statistic -2.17, P=0.03), intrinsic religiosity (t-statistic -2.42, P=0.01) and WHOQOL-SRPB (t-statistic -3.67, P=0.00) were inversely correlated to suicide risk scores. In a prospective follow-up 16.7 % of patients (n=32/192) achieved remission of depressive symptoms (HAM-D scores ≤7). Religious attendance (OR 1.83, P=0.02) was identified as the main predictor of remission. Findings reinforce the importance of attending to religiosity/spirituality in order to improve outcomes and promote the recovery especially among severely depressed patients with increased suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paz Mosqueiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento UFRGS, Brasil; Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC).
| | - Marco Antônio Caldieraro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento UFRGS, Brasil; Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
| | - Mateus Messinger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento UFRGS, Brasil; Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
| | - Felipe Bauer Pinto da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento UFRGS, Brasil; Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
| | - John R Peteet
- Department of Psychiatry Brigham and Women's Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Marcelo P Fleck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento UFRGS, Brasil; Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre
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21
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Wang L, Cui Q, Liu J, Zou H. Emotion Reactivity and Suicide Risk in Patients With Depression: The Mediating Role of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Moderating Role of Childhood Neglect. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:707181. [PMID: 34721098 PMCID: PMC8553945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.707181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between emotion reactivity (ER) and suicide risk has been confirmed in recent studies, especially in patients with depression. However, there is a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism of the relation from ER to suicide risk among patients with depression. This study planned to examine a model of how ER, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and childhood neglect (CN) interact to affect suicide risk in depressed patients. Methods: Four hundred and ninety-six patients (64.5% female, mean age = 30.40 years, SD = 12.56) who have accomplished self-rating instruments of ER, NSSI, CN, and suicide risk were included. Results: Findings showed that ER was positively connected with suicide risk, and NSSI partially mediated the above connection. Besides, CN moderated the mediation model, that is, the mediation effect was more pronounced in depressed patients with CN compared to depressed patients without CN. Conclusions: It was concluded that there is a relationship among ER, NSSI, CN, and suicide risk in patients with depression, and it strengthens our knowledge of the mechanism behind suicide risk. Our findings emphasize that the identification of NSSI and CN should be considered when assessing the suicide risk of patients with depression, as well as the intervention focus on emotion regulation and support for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiou Zou
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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Brassard MR, Hart SN, Glaser D. Psychological maltreatment: An international challenge to children's safety and well being. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 110:104611. [PMID: 32660756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child psychological maltreatment (PM), also known as emotional abuse and neglect, mental violence, and emotional maltreatment, is the least recognized and addressed of the four major forms of child maltreatment. OBJECTIVES This article provides an 1) the history of PM and its relationship to children's rights, 2) an overview of the current state of knowledge, 3) implications of diversity for the topic of PM, 4) an example of a topic-relevant intervention, and 5) a vision for further progress in addressing this form of child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS NA. METHOD Literature review, intervention description of fabricated or induced illness, and expert opinion. RESULTS PM is directly implicated in seven of the articles of the Convention. PM is common, reliable definitions of PM exist and need to be applied to practice and public health surveillance, harmfulness has been empirically established but is not fully appreciated, and countries vary dramatically in terms of incidence. CONCLUSIONS PM is a human rights issue that must be addressed through child protection and promotion of child wellbeing. Adoption of reliable definitions of the different aspects of PM for Child Protective Service practice is a top policy goal. The development of empirically supported curricula on PM for training professionals and parents and culturally sensitive interventions to change social norms on the use of psychologically aggressive disciplinary practices and other forms of PM are critical research needs. Well-validated interventions to support quality parent-child relationships and support families exist and need to be widely adopted. Individual child protective measures should be confined to cases of ongoing serious PM when interventions have failed to reduce harm to the child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart N Hart
- Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, USA
| | - Danya Glaser
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and University College, London, UK
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23
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van Loo HM, Bigdeli TB, Milaneschi Y, Aggen SH, Kendler KS. Data mining algorithm predicts a range of adverse outcomes in major depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:945-953. [PMID: 32745831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Course of illness in major depression (MD) is highly varied, which might lead to both under- and overtreatment if clinicians adhere to a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. Novel opportunities in data mining could lead to prediction models that can assist clinicians in treatment decisions tailored to the individual patient. This study assesses the performance of a previously developed data mining algorithm to predict future episodes of MD based on clinical information in new data. METHODS We applied a prediction model utilizing baseline clinical characteristics in subjects who reported lifetime MD to two independent test samples (total n = 4226). We assessed the model's performance to predict future episodes of MD, anxiety disorders, and disability during follow-up (1-9 years after baseline). In addition, we compared its prediction performance with well-known risk factors for a severe course of illness. RESULTS Our model consistently predicted future episodes of MD in both test samples (AUC 0.68-0.73, modest prediction). Equally accurately, it predicted episodes of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and disability (AUC 0.65-0.78). Our model predicted these outcomes more accurately than risk factors for a severe course of illness such as family history of MD and lifetime traumas. LIMITATIONS Prediction accuracy might be different for specific subgroups, such as hospitalized patients or patients with a different cultural background. CONCLUSIONS Our prediction model consistently predicted a range of adverse outcomes in MD across two independent test samples derived from studies in different subpopulations, countries, using different measurement procedures. This replication study holds promise for application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M van Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (PO Box 30.001), 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Neuroscience Amsterdam research institutes, Amsterdam UMC and GGZ inGeest Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven H Aggen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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24
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Toyoshima K, Inoue T, Masuya J, Fujimura Y, Higashi S, Tanabe H, Kusumi I. Structural equation modeling approach to explore the influence of childhood maltreatment in adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239820. [PMID: 33002039 PMCID: PMC7529428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment affects social functioning in the general adult population. However, how child abuse affects functional disability in adulthood remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the correlation between child abuse, depressive symptoms, cognitive complaints, and functional disability in adult community volunteers. Methods Participants (N = 556) completed the Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment, and Sheehan Disability Scale. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation modeling were performed to evaluate scale correlations. Results Structural equation modeling showed that the direct effect of childhood maltreatment on depressive symptoms, the indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function via depressive symptoms, and the indirect effects of childhood maltreatment on functional disability via depressive symptoms and via cognitive function were all significant. The direct effects of childhood maltreatment on cognitive function and functional disability were not significant. There was no significant association between variables. Limitations Cross-sectional designs cannot identify causal relationships between parameters. Participants were adult volunteers from the community; therefore, results may not be generalizable to individuals with psychiatric disorders. Sociodemographic variability was a limitation because we used self-reported childhood maltreatment. Conclusions Childhood maltreatment indirectly affects functional disability via depressive symptoms and via cognitive function through depressive symptoms. We suggest that depressive symptoms and cognitive function play crucial roles in the influence of childhood maltreatment on functional disability in adult community volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyoshi Toyoshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita, Nishi, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yota Fujimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanabe
- Department of Clinical Human Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita, Nishi, Sapporo, Japan
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Childhood Neglect and Psychological Distress Among Pregnant Women: The Chain Multiple Mediation Effect of Perceived Social Support and Positive Coping. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:764-770. [PMID: 32740144 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between childhood neglect and psychological distress in pregnant women and to assess whether perceived social support and coping styles mediated this association. Pregnant women (N = 276) recruited from the prenatal clinic of a comprehensive hospital in China participated in this study. Participants reported their experiences of childhood neglect and abuse, depression, anxiety, perceived social support, and coping styles. Childhood neglect was positively associated with psychological distress. Perceived social support mediated the relationship between childhood neglect and psychological distress. Perceived social support and positive coping acted as chain mediators between childhood neglect and psychological distress. Childhood neglect is a risk factor for psychological distress during pregnancy independent of childhood abuse; perceived social support and positive coping can influence this relationship.
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26
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Self-compassion mediates and moderates the association between harsh parenting and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescent. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Karabatsiakis A, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C. Depression, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and electroconvulsive therapy: a new approach towards personalized medicine in psychiatric treatment - a short review and current perspective. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:226. [PMID: 32647150 PMCID: PMC7347855 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a globally occurring phenomenon and developed into a severe socio-economic challenge. Despite decades of research, the underlying pathophysiological processes of MDD remain incompletely resolved. Like other mental disorders, MDD is hypothesized to mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS). An increasing body of research indicates MDD to also change somatic functioning, which impairs the physiological performance of the whole organism. As a consequence, a paradigm shift seems reasonable towards a systemic view of how MDD affects the body. The same applies to treatment strategies, which mainly focus on the CNS. One new approach highlights changes in the bioenergetic supply and intracellular network dynamics of mitochondria for the pathophysiological understanding of MDD. Mitochondria, organelles of mostly all eukaryotic cells, use carbon compounds to provide biochemical energy in terms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the bioenergetic currency and the main driver for enzymatic activity in all cells and tissues. Clinical symptoms of MDD including fatigue, difficulties concentrating, and lack of motivation were reported to be associated with impaired mitochondrial ATP production and changes in the density of the mitochondrial network. Additionally, the severity of these symptoms correlates negatively with mitochondrial functioning. Psychotherapy, antidepressant medication, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a method used to treat severe and treatment-resistant forms of MDD, achieve robust antidepressant effects. The biological mechanisms beyond the treatment response to antidepressant strategies are partially understood. Here, mitochondrial functioning is discussed as a promising new biomarker for diagnosis and treatment effects in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Schönfeldt-Lecuona
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Clinic, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
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28
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Janiri D, Kotzalidis GD, De Chiara L, Koukopoulos AE, Aas M, Sani G. The Ring of Fire: Childhood Trauma, Emotional Reactivity, and Mixed States in Mood Disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2020; 43:69-82. [PMID: 32008689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) is strongly associated with bipolar disorder, possibly through emotional hyperreactivity (EH). Mixed symptoms/states (MSs) are associated with increased illness severity. The authors tested through a systematic review the association between CT and MSs. The authors systematically looked for studies exploring associations between MSs and CT, CT and EH, and EH and MSs. Most literature agrees that MSs are associated with CT; the latter was found to be associated to EH, which is in turn associated with MSs. The literature supports an association between CT and later development of MSs, possibly mediated through EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Janiri
- Sapienza School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, UOC Psichiatria, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, Rome 00189, Italy; ICAHN School of Medicine and Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Centro Lucio Bini, Via Crescenzio 42, Rome 00193, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Centro Lucio Bini, Via Crescenzio 42, Rome 00193, Italy; School of Medicine and Psychology, NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs) Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1038, Rome 00189, Italy.
| | - Lavinia De Chiara
- Centro Lucio Bini, Via Crescenzio 42, Rome 00193, Italy; School of Medicine and Psychology, NESMOS Department (Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs) Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1038, Rome 00189, Italy
| | - Alexia Emilia Koukopoulos
- Centro Lucio Bini, Via Crescenzio 42, Rome 00193, Italy; Department of Human Neurosciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 30, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Monica Aas
- NORMENT K.G Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Bygg 49, Ullevål Sykehus, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Magalhães JRFD, Gomes NP, Mota RS, Santos RMD, Pereira Á, Oliveira JFD. Repercussions of family violence: oral history of adolescents. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 73:e20180228. [PMID: 32049243 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To know the repercussions of the experience of family violence from the oral history of adolescents. METHOD Qualitative study based on the Oral History method, conducted from interviews with adolescents enrolled in a public school in Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. The data were systematized according to the thematic analysis and supported by theoretical references on family violence and adolescence. RESULTS Family violence implies physical illness associated with the damage caused by physical aggression and somatization of violent events, as well as compromising mental health, provoking feelings of deep sadness, self-injury behavior and suicidal ideation. All of these factors impair interpersonal relationships, school performance, as well as making them more vulnerable to alcohol intake. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS The study indicates signs suggestive of grievance, from which the professionals should proceed the investigation in order to refute or confirm the experience of the phenomenon, as well as intervene in the cases.
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McKenna G, Jackson N, Browne C. Trauma history in a high secure male forensic inpatient population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2019; 66:101475. [PMID: 31706394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2019.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing focus on trauma within forensic services. This study aimed to investigate exposure to trauma among a high secure male forensic population. Based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) data capture sheets were developed. Patients' own offending behaviour was included as a source of potential trauma. Records for all patients placed within the hospital (n = 194) were reviewed. All patients had been exposed to a traumatic event over the lifespan, with 75% having been exposed to trauma during childhood. Sixty-five percent of patients had experienced more than one type of trauma during childhood; the mean number of trauma types experienced during this period being 2.31. In adulthood 63% had been exposed to one trauma type while 29% had been exposed to two or more trauma types. No significant difference was found between those with and those without childhood trauma histories on hospital variables including admission length, seclusion and incidents. The implications of these results in the context of adopting a trauma informed care approach to treatment in forensic settings are discussed, and recommendations for future clinical and research directions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne McKenna
- High Secure Psychological Services Ashworth Hospital, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Parkbourn, Maghull, Merseyside L31 1HW, UK.
| | - Neil Jackson
- High Secure Psychological Services Ashworth Hospital, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Parkbourn, Maghull, Merseyside L31 1HW, UK
| | - Claire Browne
- High Secure Psychological Services Ashworth Hospital, Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Parkbourn, Maghull, Merseyside L31 1HW, UK
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31
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Gianfrancesco O, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. Treating the "E" in "G × E": Trauma-Informed Approaches and Psychological Therapy Interventions in Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:9. [PMID: 30761022 PMCID: PMC6363686 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in genetic research, causal variants affecting risk for schizophrenia remain poorly characterized, and the top 108 loci identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) explain only 3.4% of variance in risk profiles. Such work is defining the highly complex nature of this condition, with omnigenic models of schizophrenia suggesting that gene regulatory networks are sufficiently interconnected such that altered expression of any "peripheral" gene in a relevant cell type has the capacity to indirectly modulate the expression of "core" schizophrenia-associated genes. This wealth of associated genes with small effect sizes makes identifying new druggable targets difficult, and current pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia can involve serious side effects. However, the fact that the majority of schizophrenia genome-wide associated variants fall within non-coding DNA is suggestive of their potential to modulate gene regulation. This would be consistent with risks that can be mediated in a "gene × environment" (G × E) manner. Stress and trauma can alter the regulation of key brain-related pathways over the lifetime of an individual, including modulation of brain development, and neurochemistry in the adult. Recent studies demonstrate a significant overlap between psychotic symptoms and trauma, ranging from prior trauma contributing to psychosis, as well as trauma in response to the experience of psychosis itself or in response to treatment. Given the known effects of trauma on both CNS gene expression and severity of psychosis symptoms, it may be that pharmacological treatment alone risks leaving individuals with a highly stressful and unresolved environmental component that continues to act in a "G × E" manner, with the likelihood that this would negatively impact recovery and relapse risk. This review aims to cover the recent advances elucidating the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia, as well as the long-term effects of early life trauma on brain function and future mental health risk. Further, the evidence demonstrating the role of ongoing responses to trauma or heightened stress sensitivity, and their impact on the course of illness and recovery, is presented. Finally, the need for trauma-informed approaches and psychological therapy-based interventions is discussed, and a brief overview of the evidence to determine their utility is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympia Gianfrancesco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vivien J Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Paterniti S, Bisserbe JC. Factors associated with false positives in MDQ screening for bipolar disorder: Insight into the construct validity of the scale. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:79-86. [PMID: 29864713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying bipolar patients in the first phases of the illness is essential to establish adequate treatment. The goal of this study was to examine the discriminant ability of the Mood Disorders Questionnaire (MDQ) in recognizing bipolar patients referred to a tertiary care structure. METHODS Between 2006 and 2012, we assessed 843 individuals referred to the Mood Disorders Program by family physicians in the community. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID) was used to assess diagnoses. A nurse collected the information about lifetime symptoms of (hypo)mania in 759 individuals using the MDQ. Univariate chi-square test and logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Overall, 86% of the sample had a current anxiety or depressive disorder. When compared to the diagnoses formulated through the SCID, the sensitivity of the MDQ was 75.0%, the specificity was 74%, the positive predictive value was 55%, and the negative predictive value was 88%. Among non-bipolar patients, current post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, current or early remission substance use disorder, and the history of childhood abuse were independently associated with false positive screening using the MDQ. LIMITATIONS Individuals with current substance use disorders were under-represented, whether or not the patients were aware of their diagnosis of bipolar disorder was not recorded, and the history of childhood abuse was collected based on an open interview. CONCLUSIONS The self-rated measure of the symptoms listed by the MDQ seems to measure a dimension shared by both bipolar disorder and other conditions characterized by affective instability and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Paterniti
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Center, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1Z 7K4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Jean-Claude Bisserbe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Université Paris Est Créteil, Paris, France
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Klein NS, Holtman GA, Bockting CLH, Heymans MW, Burger H. Development and validation of a clinical prediction tool to estimate the individual risk of depressive relapse or recurrence in individuals with recurrent depression. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 104:1-7. [PMID: 29908389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many studies examined predictors of depressive relapse/recurrence but no simple tool based on well-established risk factors is available that estimates the risk within an individual. We developed and validated such a prediction tool in remitted recurrently depressed individuals. METHODS The tool was developed using data (n = 235) from a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in remitted recurrently depressed participants and externally validated using data (n = 209) from a similar randomised controlled trial of remitted recurrently depressed participants using maintenance antidepressants. Cox regression was used with time to relapse/recurrence within 2 years as outcome and well-established risk factors as predictors. Performance measures and absolute risk scores were calculated, a practically applicable risk score was created, and the tool was externally validated. RESULTS The 2-year cumulative proportion relapse/recurrence was 46.2% in the validation dataset. The tool included number of previous depressive episodes, residual depressive symptoms, severity of the last depressive episode, and treatment. The C-statistic and calibration slope were 0.56 and 0.81 respectively. The tool stratified participants into relapse/recurrence risk classes of 37%, 55%, and 72%. The C-statistic and calibration slope in the external validation were 0.59 and 0.56 respectively, and Kaplan Meier curves showed that the tool could differentiate between risk classes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that developed a simple prediction tool based on well-established risk factors of depressive relapse/recurrence, estimating the individual risk. Since the overall performance of the model was poor, more studies are needed to enhance the performance before recommending implementation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S Klein
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands; Top Referent Traumacentrum, GGZ Drenthe, Altingerweg 1, 9411 PA Beilen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea A Holtman
- Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martijn W Heymans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huibert Burger
- Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ten Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Tuithof M, Kleinjan M, Penninx BWJH. Recurrence and chronicity of major depressive disorder and their risk indicators in a population cohort. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:503-515. [PMID: 29577236 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The naturalistic course of major depressive disorder (MDD) and risk indicators for recurrence and chronicity are best studied using a population sample without clear selection bias. However, such studies are scarce. This limits clinical decision-making concerning monitoring and maintenance treatment. METHOD Data were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a psychiatric epidemiological cohort study among a representative adult population. Two groups at baseline were selected to study recurrence and chronicity of MDD at follow-up. Diagnoses were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. RESULTS Among remitted MDD cases (n = 746), the cumulative recurrence rate was 4.3% at 5 years, 13.4% at 10 years and 27.1% at 20 years. Time to recurrence was predicted by vulnerability characteristics (childhood abuse, negative life events, parental psychopathology), physical health, functioning, clinical characteristics of depression (previous episodes, severity, medication use), psychiatric comorbidity and mental health use. Among current MDD cases (n = 242), 12% developed a chronic depressive episode over 6 years. Chronic course was predicted by similar risk indicators as recurrence, except for vulnerability characteristics and physical health. CONCLUSION These risk indicators may help to identify patients requiring monitoring and who could benefit from preventive interventions or maintenance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S van Dorsselaer
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Tuithof
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kleinjan
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jones DL, Rodriguez VJ, De La Rosa A, Dietch J, Kumar M. The role of sleep dysfunction in the relationship between trauma, neglect and depression in methamphetamine using men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 30:30-34. [PMID: 30643354 DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Childhood abuse and neglect, or childhood trauma (CT), has been associated with methamphetamine use, HIV, and depression. This study explored the potential for sleep dysfunction to influence the relationship between CT and depression in methamphetamine using men. Methods A total of N = 347 men were enrolled: 1) HIV-uninfected, non-methamphetamine (MA) using heterosexual and homosexual men (HIV- MA-; n = 148), 2) MA-using MSM living with HIV (HIV + MA +; n = 147) and 3) HIV-uninfected, MA using MSM (HIV- MA +; n = 52). Participants completed measures of demographic characteristics, sleep dysfunction, childhood trauma, and depression. Results Participants were on average 37 years old (SD = 9.65). Half of participants were Hispanic, and 48.1% had a monthly personal income of less than USD$500. Controlling for sleep dysfunction and control variables, the impact of CT on depression decreased significantly, b = 0.203, p < 0.001, and the indirect effect of CT on depression was significant according to a 95% bCI, b = 0.091, bCI (95% CI 0.057, 0.130). That is, sleep dysfunction partially explained the relationship between CT on depression. Limitations Important limitations included the cross-sectional design of the study, and the self-reported measure of sleep. Conclusions Results highlight the use of sleep interventions to prevent and treat depression, and the utility of assessing sleep disturbances in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Violeta J Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Aileen De La Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Dietch
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Mahendra Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1400 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, USA
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Ostacoli L, Carletto S, Cavallo M, Baldomir-Gago P, Di Lorenzo G, Fernandez I, Hase M, Justo-Alonso A, Lehnung M, Migliaretti G, Oliva F, Pagani M, Recarey-Eiris S, Torta R, Tumani V, Gonzalez-Vazquez AI, Hofmann A. Comparison of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as Adjunctive Treatments for Recurrent Depression: The European Depression EMDR Network (EDEN) Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2018; 9:74. [PMID: 29487548 PMCID: PMC5816922 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment of recurrent depressive disorders is currently only moderately successful. Increasing evidence suggests a significant relationship between adverse childhood experiences and recurrent depressive disorders, suggesting that trauma-based interventions could be useful for these patients. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR) in addition to antidepressant medication (ADM) in treating recurrent depression. Design: A non-inferiority, single-blind, randomized clinical controlled trial comparing EMDR or CBT as adjunctive treatments to ADM. Randomization was carried out by a central computer system. Allocation was carried out by a study coordinator in each center. Setting: Two psychiatric services, one in Italy and one in Spain. Participants: Eighty-two patients were randomized with a 1:1 ratio to the EMDR group (n = 40) or CBT group (n = 42). Sixty-six patients, 31 in the EMDR group and 35 in the CBT group, were included in the completers analysis. Intervention: 15 ± 3 individual sessions of EMDR or CBT, both in addition to ADM. Participants were followed up at 6-months. Main outcome measure: Rate of depressive symptoms remission in both groups, as measured by a BDI-II score <13. Results: Sixty-six patients were analyzed as completers (31 EMDR vs. 35 CBT). No significant difference between the two groups was found either at the end of the interventions (71% EMDR vs. 48.7% CBT) or at the 6-month follow-up (54.8% EMDR vs. 42.9% CBT). A RM-ANOVA on BDI-II scores showed similar reductions over time in both groups [F(6,59) = 22.501, p < 0.001] and a significant interaction effect between time and group [F(6,59) = 3.357, p = 0.006], with lower BDI-II scores in the EMDR group at T1 [mean difference = –7.309 (95% CI [–12.811, –1.806]), p = 0.010]. The RM-ANOVA on secondary outcome measures showed similar improvement over time in both groups [F(14,51) = 8.202, p < 0.001], with no significant differences between groups [F(614,51) = 0.642, p = 0.817]. Conclusion: Although these results can be considered preliminary only, this study suggests that EMDR could be a viable and effective treatment for reducing depressive symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with recurrent depression. Trial registration: ISRCTN09958202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ostacoli
- Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Clinical and Oncological Psychology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Carletto
- Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Oliva
- Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Torta
- Clinical and Oncological Psychology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Department, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Visal Tumani
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Arne Hofmann
- EMDR Institut Deutschland, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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Maternal separation induces long-term effects on monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels on the frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus: differential effects after a stress challenge. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:545-557. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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