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Buffey AJ, Langley CK, Carson BP, Donnelly AE, Salsberg J. Participatory Approaches in the Context of Research Into Workplace Health Promotion to Improve Physical Activity Levels and Reduce Sedentary Behavior Among Office-Based Workers: Scoping Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e50195. [PMID: 38896458 PMCID: PMC11222769 DOI: 10.2196/50195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participatory research (PR) involves engaging in cocreation with end users and relevant stakeholders throughout the research process, aiming to distribute power equitably between the end users and research team. Engagement and adherence in previous workplace health promotion (WHP) studies have been shown to be lacking. By implementing a PR approach, the insights of end users and stakeholders are sought in the co-design of feasible and acceptable intervention strategies, thereby increasing the relevance of the research. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to explore, identify, and map PR techniques and their impact when used in office-based WHP interventions designed to improve physical activity (PA) or reduce sedentary behavior (SB). METHODS The reporting of this scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). A systematic literature search of 5 electronic databases-Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey-was conducted, searching from January 1, 1995, to February 8, 2023. In total, 2 independent reviewers first screened the retrieved articles by title and abstract, and then assessed the full texts based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy and eligibility criteria were developed and guided by an a priori population (office-based working adults), intervention (a PA WHP intervention that took a PR approach), comparison (no comparison required), and outcome (PA or SB) framework. Data were charted and discussed via a narrative synthesis, and a thematic analysis was conducted. The included studies were evaluated regarding the degree of end user engagement throughout the research process and power shared by the researchers, using Arnstein's ladder of citizen participation. RESULTS The search retrieved 376 records, of which 8 (2.1%) met the inclusion criteria. Four key strategies were identified: (1) end user focus groups, (2) management involvement, (3) researcher facilitators, and (4) workplace champions. The degree of engagement and power shared was relatively low, with 25% (2/8) of the studies determined to be nonparticipation studies, 25% (2/8) determined to be tokenistic, and 50% (4/8) determined to provide citizen power. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a foundation of evidence on the current practices when taking a PR approach, highlighting that previous office-based PA WHP studies have been largely tokenistic or nonparticipative, and identified that the end user is only engaged with in the conception and implementation of the WHP studies. However, a positive improvement in PA and reduction in SB were observed in the included studies, which were largely attributed to implementing a PR approach and including the end user in the design of the WHP intervention. Future studies should aim to collaborate with workplaces, building capacity and empowering the workforce by providing citizen control and letting the end users "own" the research for a sustainable WHP intervention. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan John Buffey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Brian P Carson
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan E Donnelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jon Salsberg
- Public and Patient Involvement Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Public and Patient Involvement Research Unit, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Gardner B, Mainsbridge CP, Rebar AL, Cooley PD, Honan C, O'Brien J, Pedersen SJ. Breaking the Habit? Identifying Discrete Dimensions of Sitting Automaticity and Their Responsiveness to a Sitting-Reduction Intervention. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:55-63. [PMID: 36750501 PMCID: PMC10803392 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that sitting is activated automatically on exposure to associated environments, yet no study has yet sought to identify in what ways sitting may be automatic. METHOD This study used data from a 12-month sitting-reduction intervention trial to explore discrete dimensions of sitting automaticity, and how these dimensions may be affected by an intervention. One hundred ninety-four office workers reported sitting automaticity at baseline, and 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after receiving one of two sitting-reduction intervention variants. RESULTS Principal component analysis extracted two automaticity components, corresponding to a lack of awareness and a lack of control. Scores on both automaticity scales decreased over time post-intervention, indicating that sitting became more mindful, though lack of awareness scores were consistently higher than lack of control scores. CONCLUSION Attempts to break office workers' sitting habits should seek to enhance conscious awareness of alternatives to sitting and afford office workers a greater sense of control over whether they sit or stand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Casey P Mainsbridge
- School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - P Dean Cooley
- Active Work Laboratory, School of Education, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Cynthia Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Jane O'Brien
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Scott J Pedersen
- Active Work Laboratory, School of Education, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS, 7250, Australia.
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Taylor WC. Guidelines to conduct research in computer-prompt software studies to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. Work 2024; 77:123-131. [PMID: 37483046 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computers are ubiquitous in the workplace and facilitate prolonged sitting, which has adverse health consequences. Various computer-prompt software programs are designed to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. However, specific guidelines that would improve research in this area have not been published. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to present recommendations for improving computer-prompt software research, to decrease sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity in the workplace. METHODS Ten domains were identified based on deficiencies in the current literature combined with quality assessment tools to reduce the risk for bias. The ten domains include composition of the research team, behavioral sciences theoretical frameworks, research design, alert types, outcome measures, confounding factors, intervention duration, carryover effects, racial/ethnic composition, and organizational culture. RESULTS Specific recommendations are presented for each domain. The research team should include all stakeholders contributing as copartners in designing the intervention. For theory, a systems science framework was presented. Clustered randomized controlled trials were recommended, rather than randomization at the individual level. Distinct types of alerts (visual, auditory, or both) and frequency of alerts (hourly, randomly generated, or based on prolonged sitting patterns) are described. Outcome measures include average duration of sitting bouts, longest sitting bout, and number of sitting bouts. CONCLUSION Prolonged sitting and physical inactivity at work lead to major health problems. Adherence to the recommendations presented here should facilitate high-quality research and improve the health of desk-based workers by decreasing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell C Taylor
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1150, USA. E-mail:
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Buffey AJ, Hayes G, Carson BP, Donnelly AE. The Effect of an Electronic Passive Prompt Intervention on Prolonged Occupational Sitting and Light-Intensity Physical Activity in Desk-Based Adults Working from Home during COVID-19 in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6294. [PMID: 37444141 PMCID: PMC10341828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of passive prompts on occupational physical behaviours (PBs) and bouts of prolonged sitting among desk-based workers in Ireland who were working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic passive prompts were delivered every 45 min, asking participants to walk for five minutes, during working hours. Twenty-eight participants (aged 30-67 years) completed the six-week intervention between October 2020 and April 2021. PBs were measured using an activPAL3TM accelerometer, following a 24 h wear protocol, worn for the duration of the study. Participants were highly sedentary at both baseline (77.71% of work hours) and during the intervention (75.81% of work hours). However, the number of prolonged occupational sedentary bouts > 90 min was reduced compared to baseline (0.56 ± 0.08 vs. 0.77 ± 0.11, p = 0.009). Similar reductions were observed in the time spent in sustained sitting > 60 and >90 min when compared to baseline sedentary patterns (60 min: -31.27 ± 11.91 min, p = 0.014; 90 min: -27.97 ± 9.39 min, p = 0.006). Light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) significantly increased during the intervention (+14.29%, p = 0.001). This study demonstrates that passive prompts, delivered remotely, can both reduce the number and overall time spent in prolonged bouts of occupational sedentary behaviour and increase occupational LIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J. Buffey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Hayes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brian P. Carson
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alan E. Donnelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (G.H.); (B.P.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Huang Y, Benford S, Li B, Price D, Blake H. Feasibility and Acceptability of an Internet of Things-Enabled Sedentary Behavior Intervention: Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e43502. [PMID: 36848183 PMCID: PMC10012006 DOI: 10.2196/43502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encouraging office workers to break up prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) at work with regular microbreaks can be beneficial yet challenging. The Internet of Things (IoT) offers great promise for delivering more subtle and hence acceptable behavior change interventions in the workplace. We previously developed an IoT-enabled SB intervention, called WorkMyWay, by applying a combination of theory-informed and human-centered design approaches. According to the Medical Research Council's framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions such as WorkMyWay, process evaluation in the feasibility phase can help establish the viability of novel modes of delivery and identify facilitators and barriers to successful delivery. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the WorkMyWay intervention and its technological delivery system. METHODS A mixed methods approach was adopted. A sample of 15 office workers were recruited to use WorkMyWay during work hours for 6 weeks. Questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention period to assess self-report occupational sitting and physical activity (OSPA) and psychosocial variables theoretically aligned with prolonged occupational SB (eg, intention, perceived behavioral control, prospective memory and retrospective memory of breaks, and automaticity of regular break behaviors). Behavioral and interactional data were obtained through the system database to determine adherence, quality of delivery, compliance, and objective OSPA. Semistructured interviews were conducted at the end of the study, and a thematic analysis was performed on interview transcripts. RESULTS All 15 participants completed the study (attrition=0%) and on average used the system for 25 tracking days (out of a possible 30 days; adherence=83%). Although no significant change was observed in either objective or self-report OSPA, postintervention improvements were significant in the automaticity of regular break behaviors (t14=2.606; P=.02), retrospective memory of breaks (t14=7.926; P<.001), and prospective memory of breaks (t14=-2.661; P=.02). The qualitative analysis identified 6 themes, which lent support to the high acceptability of WorkMyWay, though delivery was compromised by issues concerning Bluetooth connectivity and factors related to user behaviors. Fixing technical issues, tailoring to individual differences, soliciting organizational supports, and harnessing interpersonal influences could facilitate delivery and enhance acceptance. CONCLUSIONS It is acceptable and feasible to deliver an SB intervention with an IoT system that involves a wearable activity tracking device, an app, and a digitally augmented everyday object (eg, cup). More industrial design and technological development work on WorkMyWay is warranted to improve delivery. Future research should seek to establish the broad acceptability of similar IoT-enabled interventions while expanding the range of digitally augmented objects as the modes of delivery to meet diverse needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Huang
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Steve Benford
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Benqian Li
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dominic Price
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Coudevylle GR, Sinnapah S, Ginoux C, Bourgeois N, Bouchard JP. [Interest of the adapted physical activities for the staff of the penitentiary administration]. SOINS; LA REVUE DE REFERENCE INFIRMIERE 2022; 67:53-54. [PMID: 36681508 DOI: 10.1016/j.soin.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The poor state of health of some prisoners, the tensions and violence that can exist in prisons lead the administration's staff to work in a sometimes difficult context. The regular practice of adapted physical activities appears to be a particularly opportune course of action for the agents concerned: it would bring them physical and psychological benefits in their professional exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume R Coudevylle
- Laboratoire ACTES (EA 3596), UFR STAPS, Campus de Fouillole, Université des Antilles, BP 250, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Sinnapah
- Laboratoire ACTES (EA 3596), UFR STAPS, Campus de Fouillole, Université des Antilles, BP 250, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre cedex, France
| | - Clément Ginoux
- Laboratoire SENS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 1741 rue de la Piscine, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Nathan Bourgeois
- Laboratoire ACTES (EA 3596), UFR STAPS, Campus de Fouillole, Université des Antilles, BP 250, 97157 Pointe-à-Pitre cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouchard
- Institut psycho-judiciaire et de psychopathologie, Centre hospitalier de Cadillac, 89 rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac, France; Unité pour malades difficiles, pôle de psychiatrie médico-légale, Centre hospitalier de Cadillac, 33410 Cadillac, France.; Psychologie-Criminologie-Victimologie, cours de Gourgue, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Statistics and Population Studies Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe road, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa.
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7
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An Y, Ntombela N, Hoffmann CJ, Fashina T, Mabuto T, Owczarzak J. "That makes me feel human": a qualitative evaluation of the acceptability of an HIV differentiated care intervention for formerly incarcerated people re-entering community settings in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1092. [PMID: 36028825 PMCID: PMC9415240 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctional settings in South Africa have disproportionately high rates of HIV infection; a large number of inmates living with HIV return to the community each year. The transition community adherence club (TCAC) intervention was a differentiated care delivery approach with structural and peer components designed to increase antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and HIV care engagement following release from incarceration. The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability of the TCAC intervention among HIV-infected community re-entrants to inform program revisions and future intervention designs. METHODS This was a qualitative study set within a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the TCAC intervention in South Africa. We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 re-entrants living with HIV and assigned to the intervention arm. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated, and de-identified. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using content analysis, and acceptability was assessed using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). RESULTS Overall, study participants reported that the TCAC intervention was acceptable. Development of supportive relationships between participants, non-judgmental attitudes from peer-facilitators, and perceived effectiveness of the intervention to support ART adherence and HIV care were noted as the most valued components. An altruistic desire to help other participants facing similar post-incarceration and HIV-related challenges was a key motivator for TCAC attendance. A lack of access to reliable transportation to intervention sites and clinic-based medication collection were described as burdens to program participation. Illicit drug use by other group members and negative social influences were also identified as potential barriers to optimal program engagement. CONCLUSION The TCAC was a well-accepted model of differentiated care delivery among re-entrants living with HIV in South Africa. To further enhance intervention acceptability for future scale-ups, program revisions should address logistical barriers related to reaching TCAC sites and implementing ART distribution at TCAC group sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi An
- Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, CRB II - 1M11, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Hoffmann
- Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, CRB II - 1M11, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Tolulope Fashina
- Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, CRB II - 1M11, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Jill Owczarzak
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Co-Produce, Co-Design, Co-Create, or Co-Construct—Who Does It and How Is It Done in Chronic Disease Prevention? A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040647. [PMID: 35455826 PMCID: PMC9029027 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-production in health literature has increased in recent years. Despite mounting interest, numerous terms are used to describe co-production. There is confusion regarding its use in health promotion and little evidence and guidance for using co-produced chronic disease prevention interventions in the general population. We conducted a scoping review to examine the research literature using co-production to develop and evaluate chronic disease prevention programs. We searched four electronic databases for articles using co-production for health behaviour change in smoking, physical activity, diet, and/or weight management. In 71 articles that reported using co-production, co-design, co-create, co-develop, and co-construct, these terms were used interchangeably to refer to a participatory process involving researchers, stakeholders, and end users of interventions. Overall, studies used co-production as a formative research process, including focus groups and interviews. Co-produced health promotion interventions were generally not well described or robustly evaluated, and the literature did not show whether co-produced interventions achieved better outcomes than those that were not. Uniform agreement on the meanings of these words would avoid confusion about their use, facilitating the development of a co-production framework for health promotion interventions. Doing so would allow practitioners and researchers to develop a shared understanding of the co-production process and how best to evaluate co-produced interventions.
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Brierley ML, Smith LR, Bailey DP, Ojo SO, Hewson DJ, Every SA, Staines TA, Chater AM. Evaluating a multi-component intervention to reduce and break up office workers' sitting with sit-stand desks using the APEASE criteria. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:458. [PMID: 35255850 PMCID: PMC8902706 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sedentary workplace interventions have had success in reducing excessive sitting time in office workers, but barriers to implementation and uptake remain. This study formally assessed a theory-derived, sit-stand desk intervention using the APEASE (Acceptability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Affordability, Side-effects, Equity) criteria. Methods Thirteen adults (eight female, mean age 38 ± 10 years) from the treatment arm of a sedentary behaviour intervention participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic codes were inductively assigned to data items followed by deductive charting using the APEASE criteria. Results The intervention was highly acceptable, practicable, safe to deploy, and helped workers reduce workplace sitting time, though individual preferences and workload mediated engagement. Affordability of sit-stand desks and Equity of access were potential barriers to uptake. Conclusions Through the lens of the APEASE criteria, this theory-derived, multi-component sit-stand desk intervention showed acceptability, practicability and effectiveness in reducing and breaking up sedentary time at work with minimal side effects. Using this approach with further tailoring and personalisation may help workers achieve greater reductions in workplace sitting, though affordability and equity should be considered further. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12794-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha L Brierley
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK.,Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.,Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Lindsey R Smith
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK.,Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.,Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Samson O Ojo
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK.,Quality Improvement, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Cliftonville, Northampton, Northamptonshire, NN1 5BD, UK
| | - David J Hewson
- Institute for Health Research, University of Bedfordshire, University Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Sofie A Every
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.,Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Taylor A Staines
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Angel M Chater
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK. .,Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
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Forberger S, Wichmann F, Comito CN. Nudges used to promote physical activity and to reduce sedentary behaviour in the workplace: Results of a scoping review. Prev Med 2022; 155:106922. [PMID: 34933021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is one of the most important risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Workplace health promotion is therefore of growing interest to support an active day using nudges. The scoping review aims to (a) analyse how frequently nudges are applied in workplace health promotion to increase physical activity and/or reduce sedentary behaviour, and (b) characterise the nudges used. A systematic database search was conducted for the period 2009 to June 2020. According to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies promoting physical activity and/or reducing sedentary behaviour using nudges were included. Nudges were classified according to MINDSPACE and TIPPME. A study protocol was previously published. Of the 256 studies identified, 26 used nudges. Most studies were conducted in Europe (n = 12) and the USA (n = 8). N = 18 studies targeted physical activity and n = 8 studies targeted sedentary behaviour. In most studies promoting physical activity, prompts were given to climb stairs (n = 11). Interventions targeting sedentary behaviour were more diverse, using digital interventions or mixed approaches (n = 8). Although nudges can help increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour, there are still gaps in terms of their effective and efficient use. There is a lack of long-term studies that analyse habituation and behavioural changes beyond the intervention period. In addition, the potential of digital and mixed approaches is not yet fully exploited. Further studies from low- and middle-income countries with different climates and working conditions are needed to investigate the feasibility of approaches and advance the fight against physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Forberger
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Frauke Wichmann
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Chiara Nicoletta Comito
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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Sit Less and Move More-A Multicomponent Intervention With and Without Height-Adjustable Workstations in Contact Center Call Agents: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:44-56. [PMID: 33122540 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To pilot a multicomponent intervention to sit less and move more, with (SLAMM+) and without (SLAMM) height-adjustable workstations, in contact center call agents. METHODS Agents were individually randomized to SLAMM or SLAMM+ in this 10-month, parallel, open-label, pilot trial. Mixed-methods assessed response, recruitment, retention, attrition and completion rates, adverse effects, trial feasibility and acceptability, preliminary effectiveness on worktime sitting, and described secondary outcomes. RESULTS The participant recruitment rate, and randomization, data collection, and interventions were mostly acceptable. Refinements to organization recruitment were identified. High staff turnover negatively impacted retention and completion rates. The multicomponent intervention with height-adjustable workstations has potential to reduce sitting time at work. CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated findings will help prepare for a future randomized controlled trial designed to assess the effect of the interventions.
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Taylor WC, Williams JR, Harris LE, Shegog R. Computer Prompt Software to Reduce Sedentary Behavior and Promote Physical Activity Among Desk-Based Workers: A Systematic Review. HUMAN FACTORS 2021:187208211034271. [PMID: 34392738 DOI: 10.1177/00187208211034271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Do computer prompt software programs at the workplace reduce sitting time and/or increase physical activity at work? BACKGROUND Many products are promoted and being used in the workplace; however, their effectiveness and use are unknown or the evidence base that they work to change behavior is lacking. METHOD We searched for relevant papers published between 2005 and 2020. The inclusion criteria were computer prompt software programs installed as behavioral change interventions; interventions implemented during work hours and delivered through a work personal computer or laptop; and measures of sedentary behavior and/or physical activity. To minimize risk of bias, three recommended best-evidence synthesis criteria were used: random assignment, sample size, and external validity. Based on these criteria, articles were selected and evaluated. RESULTS Six publications met the quality threshold for review. Seven articles did not meet the quality threshold. Four of the six included publications found that computer prompt software programs decreased sedentary behavior and/or increased physical activity. Two publications reported inconsistent results. CONCLUSIONS The promising results from this systematic review indicate that there is potential for computer prompt software programs to improve the health of desk-based workers. For conclusive findings, more high-quality, scientific studies are needed. APPLICATION The best-evidence publications in this review can serve as a guide in selecting and implementing computer prompt software programs at the workplace to decrease sedentary behavior and increase physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendell C Taylor
- 1233812340 The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
| | | | - Lauren E Harris
- 3989 The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Ross Shegog
- 3989 The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
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Mackenzie K, Such E, Norman P, Goyder E. Using Co-Production to Develop "Sit Less at Work" Interventions in a Range of Organisations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157751. [PMID: 34360045 PMCID: PMC8345370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged periods of sitting are associated with negative health outcomes, so the increase in sedentary jobs is a public health concern. Evaluation of interventions to reduce workplace sitting have suggested that participatory approaches may be more effective. This paper describes the use of co-production in four diverse organisations. Workshops with staff in each organisation were conducted to develop an organisation-specific strategy. The first workshop involved creative activities to encourage participants to develop innovative suggestions. The second workshop then developed a feasible and acceptable action plan. An ecological approach was used to consider behaviour change determinants at a range of different levels including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organisational, and environmental-level factors. 41 staff volunteered for workshops (seven in a small business, 16 in a charity, 15 in a local authority, and three in a large corporation). Of those, 27 were able to attend the first workshops and 16 were able to attend the second. Whilst there were some similarities across organisations, the smaller organisations developed a more tailored and innovative strategy than large organisations where there were more barriers to change and a more diverse workforce. Co-production resulted in bespoke interventions, tailored for different organisational contexts, maximising their potential feasibility and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mackenzie
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.S.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth Such
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK;
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.S.); (E.G.)
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Mackenzie K, Such E, Norman P, Goyder E. Understanding the Implementation of "Sit Less at Work" Interventions in Three Organisations: A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7361. [PMID: 34299816 PMCID: PMC8304152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long periods of workplace sitting are associated with poor health outcomes. Interventions to reduce workplace sitting time have had variable impacts, the reasons for which require further investigation. In this paper, we report on a process evaluation aiming to determine the intervention fidelity of three "sit less at work" interventions and to explore barriers and enablers to implementation, using a mixed methods "before and after" intervention study design. Convenience samples of staff were recruited from three diverse organisations to participate in pre- and post-intervention online questionnaires, objective measures of sitting time (using activPAL3™ devices) and post-intervention focus groups. Intervention implementers and key personnel were also recruited to participate in post-intervention focus groups and interviews. The process evaluation found that none of the interventions were implemented as intended, with no consistent reductions in sitting time. Contextual and organisational cultural barriers included workload pressures and the social norms of sitting, competing priorities, lack of management buy-in, and perceptions of where the responsibility for behaviour change should come from. To ensure effective implementation of future initiatives, deeper organisational-level change, requiring buy-in from all levels of management and staff, may be needed to shift organisational culture and associated social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mackenzie
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Such
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK;
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.S.); (E.G.)
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Asiamah N, Muhonja F, Omisore A, Opuni FF, Mensah HK, Danquah E, Agyemang SM, Agyemang I, Hatsu S, Baffoe RS, Eku E, Manu CA. The association between core job components, physical activity, and mental health in African academics in a post-COVID-19 context. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:7235-7251. [PMID: 34257498 PMCID: PMC8266165 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between core job components (i.e. teaching, research, and student assessment), physical activity (PA), and mental health in a post-COVID-19 context. An online questionnaire administered via Google Forms was used to gather data from 1064 African academics in four countries. A sensitivity analysis was applied to adjust for covariates. Data were analyzed with the hierarchical linear regression analysis. The average age of participants was 44 years. The study found that PA was positively associated with research but negatively associated with student assessment. Mental health was positively associated with onsite teaching but negatively associated with online teaching and research. PA did not predict mental health and mediate the relationship between the job components and mental health. It is concluded that PA may not increase mental health in African academics in a post-COVID-19 situation that required the resumption of work while observing social distancing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Asiamah
- School of Health and Care Professions, University of Portsmouth, Winston Churchill Ave, Portsmouth, PO1 2UP UK.,Africa Centre for Epidemiology, P. O. Box AN, 16284 Accra, Ghana
| | - Faith Muhonja
- School of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Akinlolu Omisore
- Department of Community Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | | | - Henry Kofi Mensah
- Human Resources and Organizational Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emelia Danquah
- Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana
| | - Simon Mawulorm Agyemang
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Abetifi Presbyterian College of Education, Abetifi, Ghana
| | - Irene Agyemang
- West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sylvester Hatsu
- Department of Computer Science, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Eric Eku
- Institute for Distance Education and E-learning, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
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Morris AS, Mackintosh KA, Dunstan D, Owen N, Dempsey P, Pennington T, McNarry MA. Rise and Recharge: Effects on Activity Outcomes of an e-Health Smartphone Intervention to Reduce Office Workers' Sitting Time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9300. [PMID: 33322678 PMCID: PMC7764765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This feasibility study evaluated the effects of an individual-level intervention to target office workers total and prolonged sedentary behaviour during working hours, using an e-health smartphone application. A three-arm (Prompt-30 or 60 min Intervention arm and a No-Prompt Comparison arm), quasi-randomised intervention was conducted over 12 weeks. Behavioural outcomes (worktime sitting, standing, stepping, prolonged sitting, and physical activity) were monitored using accelerometers and anthropometrics measured at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Cardiometabolic measures were taken at baseline and 12 weeks. Fifty-six office workers (64% female) completed baseline assessments. The Prompt-60 arm was associated with a reduction in occupational sitting time at 6 (-46.8 min/8 h workday [95% confidence interval = -86.4, -6.6], p < 0.05) and 12 weeks (-69.6 min/8 h workday [-111.0, -28.2], p < 0.05) relative to the No-Prompt Comparison arm. Sitting was primarily replaced with standing in both arms (p > 0.05). Both Intervention arms reduced time in prolonged sitting bouts at 12 weeks (Prompt-30: -27.0 [-99.0, 45.0]; Prompt-60: -25.8 [-98.4, 47.4] min/8 h workday; both p > 0.05). There were no changes in steps or cardiometabolic risk. Findings highlight the potential of a smartphone e-health application, suggesting 60 min prompts may present an optimal frequency to reduce total occupational sedentary behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S. Morris
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
- Department of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Kelly A. Mackintosh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - David Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.D.); (N.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.D.); (N.O.); (P.D.)
| | - Paddy Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.D.); (N.O.); (P.D.)
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Thomas Pennington
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Melitta A. McNarry
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK; (A.S.M.); (K.A.M.); (T.P.)
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Laroche E, L'Espérance S, Mosconi E. Use of social media platforms for promoting healthy employee lifestyles and occupational health and safety prevention: A systematic review. SAFETY SCIENCE 2020; 131:104931. [PMID: 32834518 PMCID: PMC7406239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review assesses the feasibility and efficacy of social networking or enterprise social networking for promoting healthy lifestyles or for occupational health and safety (OHS) prevention. Literature searches were conducted in several indexed databases in order to retrieve studies whose main objective was the promotion of healthy lifestyles or the prevention of occupational injuries by means of social media or enterprise social networking alone or in combination with others promotional or preventive interventions. Ten studies were included. Results suggest that social media may be considered a possible means of communication for the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits in organizations, however further study into this technology has been recommended by several authors to judge the incremental impacts of social media on the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Similar conclusions were drawn from studies that included the use of a social media platform for OHS prevention. Based on current evidence, an organization's use of social media to promote a healthy lifestyle or OHS among its employees can constitute an innovative and promising means of intervention. It is important to mention that due to the scarcity and poor methodological quality of existing evidence, it is difficult at this time to draw firm conclusions regarding its effectiveness and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Laroche
- School of Administration Sciences, Université TELUQ, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Elaine Mosconi
- Business School, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Wahlström V, Fjellman-Wiklund A, Harder M, Slunga Järvholm L, Eskilsson T. Implementing a Physical Activity Promoting Program in a Flex-Office: A Process Evaluation with a Mixed Methods Design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010023. [PMID: 31861424 PMCID: PMC6982266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate facilitating and hindering factors when implementing a physical activity (PA)-promoting program among office workers moving to a flex office, by conducting a process evaluation. Additionally, we evaluated self-reported and perceived PA behaviors. With a mixed methods design, analyses were based upon data from interviews with 70 employees and repeated questionnaires from 152 employees. The PA-promoting program was fully implemented and supported by management. There was a strong health promoting culture, encouraging PA in the organization already at the start of the study. The lecture and the office design were rated as the most motivating program components. The use of stairs, breaks during meetings and social acceptance for standing and walking at work increased. Employees described a strive for variation, and how managers, the office environment, productivity and ergonomic aspects influenced sedentary behavior (SB) and PA. The need for the PA-promoting program was questioned, and the timing of the program was debated. To conclude, a strong organizational health culture combined with a facilitating physical environment can create sustainable positive PA behaviors in office settings. A thorough understanding of organizational needs and a participatory process are needed to tailor organizational interventions to decrease SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Wahlström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anncristine Fjellman-Wiklund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; (A.F.-W.); (T.E.)
| | - Mette Harder
- Umeå School of Architecture, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Lisbeth Slunga Järvholm
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Sustainable Health, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Therese Eskilsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Physiotherapy, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; (A.F.-W.); (T.E.)
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What Do Workers Do to Reduce Their Sitting Time? The Relationships of Strategy Use and Workplace Support With Desk-Based Workers' Behavior Changes in a Workplace-Delivered Sitting-Reduction and Activity-Promoting Intervention. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:1026-1033. [PMID: 30095591 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore workers' sitting-reduction and activity-promoting strategy use following an intervention targeting these changes, and whether strategy use and perceived workplace support impacted on 3-month sitting and activity outcomes. METHODS This secondary analysis in desk-based workers (n = 83) utilized data collected on questionnaire-derived strategy use and workplace support, and activPAL3-derived sitting (total; prolonged, ≥30 minutes) and activity (standing; stepping) at work. RESULTS Fourteen strategies were commonly used during the intervention. Increased usage of some strategies were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with beneficial changes in prolonged sitting or stepping only. Workplace support was significantly beneficially associated with changes in sitting, prolonged sitting, and stepping; these associations were largely independent of strategy use changes. CONCLUSIONS Strategies were highly used, with increased use associated with some behavioral improvements. Workplace support appears essential for improving sitting and activity in the workplace.
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Croot L, O’Cathain A, Sworn K, Yardley L, Turner K, Duncan E, Hoddinott P. Developing interventions to improve health: a systematic mapping review of international practice between 2015 and 2016. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:127. [PMID: 31720005 PMCID: PMC6839208 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers publish the processes they use to develop interventions to improve health. Reflecting on this endeavour may help future developers to improve their practice. METHODS Our aim was to collate, describe, and analyse the actions developers take when developing complex interventions to improve health. We carried out a systematic mapping review of empirical research studies that report the development of complex interventions to improve health. A search was undertaken of five databases over 2015-2016 using the term 'intervention dev*'. Eighty-seven journal articles reporting the process of intervention development were identified. A purposive subset of 30 articles, using a range of published approaches to developing interventions, was selected for in-depth analysis using principles of realist synthesis to identify the actions of intervention development and rationales underpinning those actions. RESULTS The 87 articles were from the USA (39/87), the UK (32/87), continental Europe (6/87), and the rest of the world (10/87). These mainly took a pragmatic self-selected approach (n = 43); a theory- and evidence-based approach, e.g. Intervention Mapping, Behaviour Change Wheel (n = 22); or a partnership approach, e.g. community-based participatory research, co-design (n = 10). Ten actions of intervention development were identified from the subset of 30 articles, including identifying a need for an intervention, selecting the intervention development approach to follow, considering the needs of the target population, reviewing published evidence, involving stakeholders, drawing or generating theory, and designing and refining the intervention. Rationales for these actions were that they would produce more engaging, acceptable, feasible, and effective interventions. CONCLUSIONS Developers take a variety of approaches to the international endeavour of complex intervention development. We have identified and described a set of actions taken within this endeavour regardless of whether developers follow a published approach or not. Future developers can use these actions and the rationales that underpin them to help them make decisions about the process of intervention development. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42017080545.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Croot
- Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Alicia O’Cathain
- Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Katie Sworn
- Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Lucy Yardley
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katrina Turner
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Edward Duncan
- NMAHP Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Pat Hoddinott
- NMAHP Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Joseph-Shehu EM, Ncama BP, Mooi N, Mashamba-Thompson TP. The use of information and communication technologies to promote healthy lifestyle behaviour: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029872. [PMID: 31662364 PMCID: PMC6830587 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-promoting lifestyle behaviours are part of the activities of daily living that influence individual happiness, values and well-being. They play a crucial role in prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among all age groups. Current statistics on mortality, disability and morbidity associated with NCDs are alarming globally. The use of information and communication technology (ICT) for a health-promoting lifestyle behaviour programme enhances health behaviours that are important in the prevention and control of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Our study aimed to map evidence on the use of ICT in comprehensive health-promoting lifestyle behaviour among healthy adults. METHODS Eleven electronic databases were searched for the study. We included studies published in English between January 2007 and December 2018 reporting on healthy adults, ICT and any subscales of the health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP). Studies focusing on diseases or disease management and studies that combine monitoring tools in the form of hardware (accelerometer or pedometer) with ICT or computer games were excluded. Data were summarised numerically and thematically. RESULTS All the studies reviewed were conducted in developed countries. Most of the studies reported on physical activity, and findings of one study covered all the subscales of HPLP. The use of ICT for health-promoting lifestyle behaviours was reported to be effective in ensuring health behaviours that can improve physical and mental health. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that there is a dearth of knowledge on comprehensive health-promoting lifestyle behaviour that can be beneficial for the control and prevention of NCDs. There is a need to carry out primary studies on the use of ICT and comprehensive health-promoting lifestyle, especially among adults in low-income and middle-income countries where there are alarming statistics for mortality and disability associated with NCDs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016042568.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Musili Joseph-Shehu
- Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Nursing Science, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Busisiwe Purity Ncama
- Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Nomaxabiso Mooi
- Nursing, University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Marchant G, Nicaise V, Chastin S, Boiché J. [Reducing the amount of time spent sitting in a professional setting: the “Sedentariness at Work” (SAW) survey]. SANTE PUBLIQUE 2019; Vol. 31:377-385. [PMID: 31640325 DOI: 10.3917/spub.193.0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of an intervention on reducing sitting time in a professional setting. METHODS The intervention consisted of a group presentation on sedentary behavior at work and active work breaks, followed by an individual planning phase. Participants were then invited to use alert software for four weeks. The intervention lasted six weeks; 38 people aged 29 to 59 years participated (80% women). Before and after the intervention, participants wore accelerometers to assess behaviors (sedentary and physical activity at work) and responded to a questionnaire measuring the degree of automaticity for sitting at work and taking active breaks. RESULTS After the intervention, the time spent in a sitting position during a working day decreased significantly. Specifically, sitting time decreased more among those aged 29 to 43 years; who had decided to take breaks of at least 5 minutes; and had more extended sitting time before the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that combining an informational strategy with computer- or mobile-generated alerts reduces sitting time spent in the workplace. This intervention was inexpensive for employees and companies. An interesting perspective could be to compare these effects with those of interventions based on a change in the physical work environment (such as the installation of adjustable desks).
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Health and Fitness Benefits But Low Adherence Rate: Effect of a 10-Month Onsite Physical Activity Program Among Tertiary Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:e455-e462. [PMID: 30020214 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 10-month structured physical activity intervention implemented within the workplace on overall health indicators among tertiary (office workers) employees. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 224 employees followed a 10-month worksite physical activity program. Overall health was assessed at baseline, after 5 months, and by the end of the intervention. RESULTS Fat mass percentage decreased significantly. There was a time effect favoring push-ups, abdominal strength, flexibility, heart rate postexercise, heart rate +30 seconds, and heart rate +60 seconds postexercise. Anxiety, depression, and eating habits also improved. In total, 45% of participants completed the whole intervention. CONCLUSION Although a structured on-site physical activity program supports improved health indicators, adherence remains a concern and requires specialists to develop new strategies.
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Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Breaking Up Sitting Time among Desk-Based Office Workers: A Qualitative Investigation Using the TDF and COM-B. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162903. [PMID: 31416112 PMCID: PMC6720704 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High amounts of sedentary behaviour, such as sitting, can lead to adverse health consequences. Interventions to break up prolonged sitting in the workplace have used active workstations, although few studies have used behaviour change theory. This study aimed to combine the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to Behaviour system (COM-B) to investigate perceived barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in desk-based office workers. Semi-structured interviews with 25 desk-based employees investigated barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in the workplace. Seven core inductive themes were identified: ‘Knowledge-deficit sitting behaviour’, ‘Willingness to change’, ‘Tied to the desk’, ‘Organisational support and interpersonal influences’, ‘Competing motivations’, ‘Emotional influences’, and ‘Inadequate cognitive resources for action’. These themes were then deductively mapped to 11 of the 14 TDF domains and five of the six COM-B constructs. Participants believed that high amounts of sitting had adverse consequences but lacked knowledge regarding recommendations and were at times unmotivated to change. Physical and social opportunities were identified as key influences, including organisational support and height-adjustable desks. Future research should identify intervention functions, policy categories and behaviour change techniques to inform tailored interventions to change sitting behaviour of office workers.
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Mackenzie K, Such E, Norman P, Goyder E. Sitting less at work: a qualitative study of barriers and enablers in organisations of different size and sector. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:884. [PMID: 31272484 PMCID: PMC6611033 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged sitting is associated with a range of chronic health conditions and working in office-based jobs is an important contributor to total daily sitting time. Consequently, interventions to reduce workplace sitting have been developed and tested; however, no single intervention strategy consistently produces reductions in workplace sitting time. Exploring barriers and enablers to sitting less at work has been shown to support the development of more effective interventions. In order to address these barriers and enablers during the development and implementation of sit less at work interventions, it is important to understand how they may differ in different types of organisation, an area which has not yet been explored. The main aim of this study was to determine whether barriers and enablers to sitting less at work varied between organisations of different size and sector. METHODS A qualitative study design was used. Four organisations of different sizes and sectors participated: a small business, a charity, a local authority and a large corporation. A total of ten focus groups comprising 40 volunteer employees were conducted. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were then thematically analysed using pre-defined themes, but analysis also allowed for emergence of additional themes. RESULTS Barriers and enablers which were consistently raised by participants across all four organisations primarily included: individual-level factors such as habits and routines, and personal motivations and preferences; and factors relating to the internal physical environment. Barriers and enablers that differed by organisation mainly related to: organisational-level factors such as organisational culture, organisation size, and ways of working; and factors relating to the broader social, economic and political context such as the idea of presenteeism, and the impact of wider economic and political issues. CONCLUSIONS This study found that although some themes were consistently raised by participants from organisations of different size and sector, participants from these organisations also experienced some different barriers and enablers to sitting less at work. For future research or practice, the study findings highlight that organisation-specific barriers and enablers need to be identified and addressed during the development and implementation of sit less at work interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mackenzie
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Elizabeth Such
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT UK
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
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Green N, Dallery J. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Education, Feedback, & Task Clarification to Increase Workplace Physical Activity. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01608061.2019.1632239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Green
- University of Florida, Department of Psychology, Gainesville, USA
| | - Jesse Dallery
- University of Florida, Department of Psychology, Gainesville, USA
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Brakenridge CL, Healy GN, Hadgraft NT, Young DC, Fjeldsoe BS. Australian employee perceptions of an organizational-level intervention to reduce sitting. Health Promot Int 2019; 33:968-979. [PMID: 28985286 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dax037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stand Up Lendlease-a cluster-randomized trial targeting reductions in sitting time in Australian office workers (n = 153, 18 manager-led teams, 1 organization)-effectively reduced sitting time during work hours and across the day after 12 months. The trial included two arms: organizational-support strategies (e.g. manager support, emails) with or without an activity tracker. The current study aimed to examine participant perceptions of the intervention, and perceived barriers and facilitators for reducing sitting time. Telephone interviews (n = 50 participants; conducted at 6-10 months) and three focus groups (n = 21 participants; conducted at 16 months) evaluated the intervention with qualitative data analysed thematically. Several consistent themes emerged across both short and long-term time points and intervention groups. Support and role modelling of desired behaviours from important organization personnel and receiving feedback on sitting levels were key drivers of change. Improvements in awareness about sitting, and workplace culture changes supporting active work practices were positive impacts of the intervention, but some participants also reported that initial cultural effects had dissipated and the intervention needed 'reinvigoration'. Participants desired additional 'tools' to maintain sitting less and being active, such as sit-stand desks, standing meeting tables and activity trackers. In summary, the intervention raised awareness and initiated cultural changes towards active work practices, however, additional support may be required to maintain changes in organizational culture long term. Practical tools to support sitting changes, organizational and management support and role modelling, as well as ongoing 'reinvigoration' are key strategies for short and long-term intervention success in office workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nyssa T Hadgraft
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Brianna S Fjeldsoe
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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28
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Morris AS, Murphy RC, Shepherd SO, Healy GN, Edwardson CL, Graves LEF. A multi-component intervention to sit less and move more in a contact centre setting: a feasibility study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:292. [PMID: 30866872 PMCID: PMC6416901 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Call agents spend ~ 90% of their working day seated, which may negatively impact health, productivity, and wellbeing. This study aimed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a multi-component workplace intervention targeting increased activity and decreased prolonged sitting in the contact centre setting prior to a full-scale effectiveness trial. METHODS An 8-week non-randomised pre-post feasibility study was conducted. Using a mixed methods approach, focus groups and interviews were thematically analysed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of key study phases, and provide context to agents' process evaluation and survey responses. The multi-component intervention, conducted in a single call centre, included height-adjustable workstations, emails, education and training sessions, and support from team leaders and a workplace champion. RESULTS Six (of 20) team leaders were recruited, with 17 of 84 call agents (78% female, 39.3 ± 11.9 years) completing baseline assessments and 13 completing follow-up. High workload influenced recruitment. Call agents perceived assessments as acceptable, though strategies are needed to enhance fidelity. Education sessions, height-adjustable workstations and emails were perceived as the most effective components; however, height-adjustable hot-desks were not perceived as feasible in this setting. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified unique, pragmatic considerations for conducting a multi-level, multi-component PA and SB intervention and associated evaluation in highly sedentary call agents in the challenging contact centre setting. The intervention was largely perceived positively, with call agents and team leaders describing numerous perceived positive effects on behavioural, health and work-related outcomes. Findings will be of value to researchers attempting to intervene in contact centres and will be used by the current authors to design a subsequent trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail S. Morris
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca C. Murphy
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sam O. Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Genevieve N. Healy
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Charlotte L. Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, LE5 4PW UK
| | - Lee E. F. Graves
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Huang Y, Benford S, Blake H. Digital Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviors of Office Workers: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e11079. [PMID: 30730294 PMCID: PMC6383116 DOI: 10.2196/11079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a clear public health need to reduce office workers’ sedentary behaviors (SBs), especially in the workplace. Digital technologies are increasingly being deployed in the workplace to measure and modify office workers’ SBs. However, knowledge of the range and nature of research on this topic is limited; it also remains unclear to what extent digital interventions have exploited the technological possibilities. Objective This study aimed to investigate the technological landscape of digital interventions for SB reduction in office workers and to map the research activity in this field. Methods Terms related to SB, office worker, and digital technology were applied in various combinations to search Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Scopus, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, Engineering index Compendex, and Google Scholar for the years 2000 to 2017. Data regarding the study and intervention details were extracted. Interventions and studies were categorized into development, feasibility and/piloting, evaluation, or implementation phase based on the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. A novel framework was developed to classify technological features and annotate technological configurations. A mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used to summarize data. Results We identified 68 articles describing 45 digital interventions designed to intervene with office workers’ SB. A total of 6 common technological features had been applied to interventions with various combinations. Configurations such as “information delivery and mediated organizational and social support” and “digital log and automated tailored feedback” were well established in evaluation and implementation studies; in contrast, the integration of passive data collection, connected devices, and ATF or scheduled prompts was mostly present in development and piloting research. Conclusions This review is the first to map and describe the use of digital technologies in research on SB reduction in office workers. Interdisciplinary collaborations can help to maximize the potential of technologies. As novel modes of delivery that capitalize on embedded computing and electronics, wireless technologies have been developed and piloted in engineering, computing, and design fields, efforts can be directed to move them to the next phase of evaluation with more rigorous study designs. Quality of research may be improved by fostering conversations between different research communities and encouraging researchers to plan, conduct, and report their research under the MRC framework. This review will be particularly informative to those deciding on areas where further research or development is needed and to those looking to locate the relevant expertise, resources, and design inputs when designing their own systems or interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Huang
- Horizon Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Mixed Reality Laboratory, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Benford
- Mixed Reality Laboratory, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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30
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McGuckin T, Sealey R, Barnett F. Six-month follow-up of a theory-informed, multi-component intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in the workplace. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1501170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teneale McGuckin
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Building 43 room 125, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Rebecca Sealey
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Building 43 room 119, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Fiona Barnett
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Building 43 room 125, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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31
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MacDonald B, Janssen X, Kirk A, Patience M, Gibson AM. An Integrative, Systematic Review Exploring the Research, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Office Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2876. [PMID: 30558258 PMCID: PMC6313589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour is associated with poor health outcomes, and office-based workers are at significant health risk, as they accumulate large proportions of their overall sitting time at work. The aim of this integrated systematic review was to collate and synthesize published research on sedentary behaviour interventions in the workplace that have reported on at least one an aspect of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. Studies were included if they involved adult office workers, were conducted in an office setting, and changes in sedentary behaviour had been measured as a primary outcome. Five electronic databases were searched yielding 7234 articles, with 75 articles (61 individual interventions) meeting the inclusion criteria. Reach indicators were the most frequently reported RE-AIM dimensions, which were reported on average 59% of the time. Efficacy/effectiveness was the second most reported dimension at 49% reporting across all of the indicators. Implementation indicators were reported an average of 44% of the time, with indicators of adoption and maintenance reported as the lowest of all indicators at 13% and 8%, respectively. Recommendations are provided to improve reporting across all RE-AIM dimensions, which is an important first step to enable the effective translation of interventions into real world settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley MacDonald
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Xanne Janssen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Alison Kirk
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Mhairi Patience
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
| | - Ann-Marie Gibson
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK.
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32
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Genin PM, Dessenne P, Finaud J, Pereira B, Dutheil F, Thivel D, Duclos M. Effect of Work-Related Sedentary Time on Overall Health Profile in Active vs. Inactive Office Workers. Front Public Health 2018; 6:279. [PMID: 30327763 PMCID: PMC6174317 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: While public health strategies are developed to fight sedentary behaviors and promote physical activity, some professional activities, and especially tertiary ones, have been pointed out for their highly sedentary nature. Although workplace physical activity programs are increasingly proposed by companies to their employees in order to increase their physical activity levels, sitting and screen time remain extremely high. The main aim of this work was to compare health indicators between active and inactive tertiary employees with similar high levels of sedentariness. Secondly, we questioned the effects of a 5-month workplace physical activity program on overall health indicators among initially active and inactive tertiary employees. Methods: Anthropometric measurements, body composition (bio-impedance), physical fitness (cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness) and health-related quality of life and perception of health status (self-reported questionnaires) were assessed among 193 active and inactive tertiary employees before (T0) and after a 5-month workplace physical activity intervention (T1), composed of 2 physical sessions per week. Results: Significant improvements were found in performance of push-ups (p < 0.001), back muscle strength (p < 0.001) fat mass (p < 0.01) and waist circumference (p < 0.05) in active compared with inactive employees both at baseline and at the end of the program. Health perception (p < 0.001) was significantly different between groups at T0 but not at T1. However, no significant difference was observed for fat-free mass, BMI, workplace well-being and lower and upper limbs muscle strength. The variations between T0 and T1 demonstrate that, while all the studied parameters progressed positively during the 5-month program, health perception (p < 0.001), back muscle strength (p < 0.05) and BMI (tendency) showed a significantly higher progression in the inactive compared with the active group. Conclusion: Health indicators might not be improved among active tertiary employees compared with inactive ones, which might be due to the high level of sedentariness characterizing their occupational task.Structured on-site physical activity programs can improve health in both initially active and inactive employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Genin
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Dessenne
- Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Finaud
- Association Sportive Montferrandaise, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Occupational Medicine, University Hospital CHU G. Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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33
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Hadgraft NT, Brakenridge CL, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Healy GN, Lawler SP. Perceptions of the acceptability and feasibility of reducing occupational sitting: review and thematic synthesis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:90. [PMID: 30227861 PMCID: PMC6145345 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing workplace sedentary behaviour (sitting) is a topic of contemporary public health and occupational health interest. Understanding workers' perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of strategies, and barriers and facilitators to reducing workplace sitting time, can help inform the design and implementation of targeted interventions. The aim of this qualitative synthesis was to identify and synthesise the evidence on factors perceived to influence the acceptability and feasibility of reducing sitting at work, without, and with, an associated intervention component. METHODS A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted across multiple databases in October 2017 to identify studies with a qualitative component relating to reducing workplace sitting time. Relevant data were extracted and imported into NVivo, and analysed by three of the authors by coding the results sections of papers line-by-line, with codes organised into sub-themes and then into overarching themes. Studies with and without an associated intervention were analysed separately. RESULTS Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, 22 of which had collected qualitative data during and/or following a workplace intervention. Sample sizes ranged from five through to 71 participants. Studies predominately involved desk-based workers (28/32) and were most frequently conducted in Australia, USA or the United Kingdom (26/32). Similar themes were identified across non-intervention and intervention studies, particularly relating to barriers and facilitators to reducing workplace sitting. Predominately, work and social environment attributes were identified as barriers/facilitators, with desk-based work and work pressures influencing the perceived feasibility of reducing sitting, particularly for low-cost interventions. Support from co-workers and managers was considered a key facilitator to reducing sitting, while social norms that discouraged movement were a prominent barrier. Across all studies, some consistent perceptions of benefits to reducing sitting were identified, including improved physical health, enhanced emotional well-being and associated work-related benefits. CONCLUSION Common barriers and facilitators to reducing workplace sitting time were identified across the literature, most prominently involving the social environment and job-related demands. These findings can inform the design and implementation of workplace sitting reduction strategies. To increase the generalisability of findings, further research is needed in a more diverse range of countries and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa T Hadgraft
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Charlotte L Brakenridge
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,RECOVER Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Curtin University, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sheleigh P Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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34
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Zhu W, Gutierrez M, Toledo MJ, Mullane S, Stella AP, Diemar R, Buman KF, Buman MP. Long-term effects of sit-stand workstations on workplace sitting: A natural experiment. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:811-816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Genin PM, Pereira B, Thivel D, Duclos M. Employees' adherence to worksite physical activity programs: Profiles of compliers versus non-compliers. Work 2018; 60:507-510. [PMID: 30040776 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While worldwide public health policies have emphasized the necessity to create a culture that favors regular physical activity, stakeholders and health institutions keep looking for new strategies and opportune settings. Workplaces have been identified since employees spent a considerable part of their time at work and several worksite interventions have been developed lately. While the actual scientific literature clearly points out the beneficial effects of physical activity programs implemented within companies on employees overall health, available evidences however seem to question their adherence to such interventions. Based on previously published results and new observations, this paper discusses the adherence rate during workplace physical activity programs and suggests new strategies to favor increased physical activity among employees, considering their dropouters or finishers' profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Genin
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - B Pereira
- Biostatistics unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Duclos
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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36
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Solomon TPJ, Eves FF, Laye MJ. Targeting Postprandial Hyperglycemia With Physical Activity May Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. But What Should We Do, and When Is the Right Time to Move? Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:99. [PMID: 30073171 PMCID: PMC6058032 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and excessive postprandial hyperglycemia are two major independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular-related mortality. Current health policy guidelines recommend at least 150 min of physical activity per week coupled with reduced daily sedentary behavior by interrupting prolonged sitting with bouts of light activity every 30-min. This evidence-based strategy promotes health and quality of life. Since modern lifestyle enforces physical inactivity through motorized transportation and seated office working environments, this review examines the practical strategies (standing, walking, stair climbing, and strength-based circuit exercises) for reducing sitting time and increasing activity during the workday. Furthermore, since postprandial hyperglycemia poses the greatest relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications, this review examines a novel hypothesis that interrupting sitting time would be best focused on the postprandial period in order to optimize blood glucose control and maximize cardiometabolic health. In doing so, we aim to identify the science gaps which urgently need filling if we are to optimize healthcare policy in this critical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.,Institute of Systems and Metabolism Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Frank F Eves
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Laye
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Idaho, Caldwell, ID, United States
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Morris A, Murphy R, Shepherd S, Graves L. Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives of Factors That Influence Contact Centre Call Agents' Workplace Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1484. [PMID: 30011821 PMCID: PMC6069165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contact centre call agents are highly sedentary at work, which can negatively affect cardio-metabolic health. This qualitative cross-sectional study explored factors influencing call agents' workplace physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), and perspectives on strategies to help agents move more and sit less at work. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with call agents (n = 20), team leaders (n = 11) and senior staff (n = 12) across four contact centres were guided by the socio-ecological model and analysed thematically. Agents offered insights into the impact of high occupational sitting and low PA on their physical and mental health, and factors influencing their motivation to move more and sit less at work. Team leaders, although pivotal in influencing behaviours, identified their own workload, and agents' requirement to meet targets, as factors influencing their ability to promote agents to move more and sit less at work. Further, senior team leaders offered a broad organisational perspective on influential factors, including business needs and the importance of return on investment from PA and SB interventions. Unique factors, including continuous monitoring of productivity metrics and personal time, a physical connection to their workstation, and low autonomy over their working practices, seemed to limit call agents' opportunity to move more and sit less at work. Proposed strategies included acknowledgement of PA and SB within policy and job roles, height-adjustable workstations, education and training sessions and greater interpersonal support. Additionally, measuring the impact of interventions was perceived to be key for developing a business case and enhancing organisational buy-in. Multi-level interventions embedded into current working practices appear important for the multiple stakeholders, while addressing concerns regarding productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Morris
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Rebecca Murphy
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Sam Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Lee Graves
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Mackenzie K, Such E, Norman P, Goyder E. The development, implementation and evaluation of interventions to reduce workplace sitting: a qualitative systematic review and evidence-based operational framework. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:833. [PMID: 29973188 PMCID: PMC6033205 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, some cancers, musculoskeletal disorders and premature mortality. Workplaces contribute to a large proportion of daily sitting time, particularly among office-based workers. Interventions to reduce workplace sitting therefore represent important public health initiatives. Previous systematic reviews suggest such interventions can be effective but have reported wide variations. Further, there is uncertainty as to whether effectiveness in controlled trials can be replicated when implemented outside the research setting. The aims of this review are to identify factors important for the implementation of workplace sitting interventions and to translate these findings into a useful operational framework to support the future implementation of such interventions. METHODS A qualitative systematic review was conducted. Four health and social science databases were searched for studies set in the workplace, with office-based employees and with the primary aim of reducing workplace sitting. Extracted data were primarily from author descriptions of interventions and their implementation. Inductive thematic analysis and synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS Forty studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine descriptive themes were identified from which emerged three higher-order analytical themes, which related to the development, implementation and evaluation of workplace sitting interventions. Key findings included: the importance of grounding interventions in theory; utilising participative approaches during intervention development and implementation; and conducting comprehensive process and outcome evaluations. There was a general under-reporting of information relating to the context within which workplace sitting interventions were implemented, such as details of local organisation processes and structures, as well as the wider political and economic landscape, which if present would aid the translation of knowledge into "real-world" settings. CONCLUSIONS These findings provided the basis for an operational framework, which is a representation of all nine descriptive themes and three higher-order analytical themes, to support workplace sitting intervention development, implementation and evaluation. Once tested and refined, this framework has the potential to be incorporated into a practical toolkit, which could be used by a range of organisations to develop, implement and evaluate their own interventions to reduce workplace sitting time amongst staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mackenzie
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Elizabeth Such
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
| | - Paul Norman
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT UK
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA UK
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Mansfield L, Hall J, Smith L, Rasch M, Reeves E, Dewitt S, Gardner B. "Could you sit down please?" A qualitative analysis of employees' experiences of standing in normally-seated workplace meetings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198483. [PMID: 29944662 PMCID: PMC6019091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Office workers spend most of their working day sitting, and prolonged sitting has been associated with increased risk of poor health. Standing in meetings has been proposed as a strategy by which to reduce workplace sitting but little is known about the standing experience. This study documented workers' experiences of standing in normally seated meetings. Twenty-five participants (18+ years), recruited from three UK universities, volunteered to stand in 3 separate, seated meetings that they were already scheduled to attend. They were instructed to stand when and for however long they deemed appropriate, and gave semi-structured interviews after each meeting. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using Framework Analysis. Four themes, central to the experience of standing in meetings, were extracted: physical challenges to standing; implications of standing for meeting engagement; standing as norm violation; and standing as appropriation of power. Participants typically experienced some physical discomfort from prolonged standing, apparently due to choosing to stand for as long as possible, and noted practical difficulties of fully engaging in meetings while standing. Many participants experienced marked psychological discomfort due to concern at being seen to be violating a strong perceived sitting norm. While standing when leading the meeting was felt to confer a sense of power and control, when not leading the meeting participants felt uncomfortable at being misperceived to be challenging the authority of other attendees. These findings reveal important barriers to standing in normally-seated meetings, and suggest strategies for acclimatising to standing during meetings. Physical discomfort might be offset by building standing time slowly and incorporating more sit-stand transitions. Psychological discomfort may be lessened by notifying other attendees about intentions to stand. Organisational buy-in to promotional strategies for standing may be required to dispel perceptions of sitting norms, and to progress a wider workplace health and wellbeing agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mansfield
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Hall
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Rasch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Reeves
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Dewitt
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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40
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Gardner B, Dewitt S, Smith L, Buckley JP, Biddle SJH, Mansfield L. The ReSiT study (reducing sitting time): rationale and protocol for an exploratory pilot study of an intervention to reduce sitting time among office workers. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2017; 3:47. [PMID: 29209512 PMCID: PMC5704376 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-017-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Desk-based workers engage in long periods of uninterrupted sitting time, which has been associated with morbidity and premature mortality. Previous workplace intervention trials have demonstrated the potential of providing sit-stand workstations, and of administering motivational behaviour change techniques, for reducing sitting time. Yet, few studies have combined these approaches or explored the acceptability of discrete sitting-reduction behaviour change strategies. This paper describes the rationale for a sitting-reduction intervention that combines sit-stand workstations with motivational techniques, and procedures for a pilot study to explore the acceptability of core intervention components among university office workers. Methods The intervention is based on a theory and evidence-based analysis of why office workers sit, and how best to reduce sitting time. It seeks to enhance motivation and capability, as well as identify opportunities, required to reduce sitting time. Thirty office workers will participate in the pilot study. They will complete an initial awareness-raising monitoring and feedback task and subsequently receive a sit-stand workstation for a 12-week period. They will also select from a 'menu' of behaviour change techniques tailored to self-declared barriers to sitting reduction, effectively co-producing and personally tailoring their intervention. Interviews at 1, 6, and 12 weeks post-intervention will explore intervention acceptability. Discussion To our knowledge, this will be the first study to explore direct feedback from office workers on the acceptability of discrete tailored sitting-reduction intervention components that they have received. Participants' choice of and reflections on intervention techniques will aid identification of strategies suitable for inclusion in the next iteration of the intervention, which will be delivered in a self-administered format to minimise resource burden. Trial registration ISRCTN29395780 (registered 21 November 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Room 2.11, Addison House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Stephen Dewitt
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Room 2.11, Addison House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - John P Buckley
- Institute of Medicine, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | | | - Louise Mansfield
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
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41
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White I, Smith L, Aggio D, Shankar S, Begum S, Matei R, Fox KR, Hamer M, Iliffe S, Jefferis BJ, Tyler N, Gardner B. On Your Feet to Earn Your Seat: pilot RCT of a theory-based sedentary behaviour reduction intervention for older adults. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2017; 3:23. [PMID: 28491459 PMCID: PMC5421328 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-017-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Of all age groups, older adults spend most of the time sitting and are least physically active. This sequential, mixed-methods feasibility study used a randomised controlled trial design to assess methods for trialling a habit-based intervention to displace older adults’ sedentary behaviour with light activity and explore impact on behavioural outcomes. Methods Eligibility criteria were age 60–74 years, retired, and ≥6 h/day leisure sitting. Data were collected across four sites in England. The intervention comprised a booklet outlining 15 ‘tips’ for disrupting sedentary habits and integrating activity habits into normally inactive settings, and eight weekly self-monitoring sheets. The control was a non-habit-based factsheet promoting activity and sedentary reduction. A computer-generated 1:1 block-randomisation schedule was used, with participants blinded to allocation. Participants self-reported sedentary behaviour (two indices), sedentary habit, physical activity (walking, moderate, vigorous activity) and activity habit, at pre-treatment baseline, 8- and 12-week follow-ups and were interviewed at 12 weeks. Primary feasibility outcomes were attrition, adverse events and intervention adherence. The secondary outcome was behavioural change. Results Of 104 participants consented, 103 were randomised (intervention N = 52, control N = 51). Of 98 receiving allocated treatment, 91 (93%; intervention N = 45; control N = 46) completed the trial. One related adverse event was reported in the intervention group. Mean per-tip adherence across 7 weeks was ≥50% for 9/15 tips. Qualitative data suggested acceptability of procedures, and, particularly among intervention recipients, the allocated treatment. Both groups appeared to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase their physical activity, but there were no apparent differences between groups in the extent of change. Conclusions Trial methods were acceptable and feasible, but the intervention conferred no apparent advantage over control, though it was not trialled among the most sedentary and inactive population for whom it was developed. Further development of the intervention may be necessary prior to a large-scale definitive trial. One possible refinement would combine elements of the intervention with an informational approach to enhance effectiveness. Trial registration ISRCTN47901994 (registration date: 16th January 2014; trial end date 30th April 2015) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40814-017-0139-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle White
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Aggio
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sahana Shankar
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Saima Begum
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Raluca Matei
- Centre for Music Performance Research, Royal Northern College of Music, Manchester, UK
| | - Kenneth R Fox
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Steve Iliffe
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.,Population Health Domain Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Tyler
- UCL Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
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42
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Association between individual fat depots and cardio-metabolic traits in normal- and overweight children, adolescents and adults. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e267. [PMID: 28481336 PMCID: PMC5518802 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine age-related associations between fat mass (FM), regional fat depots and cardiometabolic traits in normal- and overweight children, adolescents and adults. METHODS Detailed body composition (regional subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue; SAT, VAT) by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), FM and fat-free mass by air-displacement plethysmography, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), plasma glucose and plasma insulin were measured in 433 subjects (BMI: 23.6 (21.0-27.7); 151 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years, 150 young adults, aged 18-30 years and 132 adults, aged 30-60 years). Data were derived from pooled data of the 'Reference Center for Body Composition' in Kiel, Germany. Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Partial correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between body composition and cardiometabolic traits. A descriptive approach was used to demonstrate age-dependent differences in associations between body fat depots and insulin resistance, independent of BMI. RESULTS FM, SAT, and VAT increased from childhood to adulthood with low VAT in children and adolescents. When compared to children, TG was higher in adults. HDL and DBP did not differ between age groups. Insulin resistance was highest in male adolescents and female young adults. Associations between body fat depots and cardiometabolic traits were seen after puberty with no associations in pre- and intrapubertal children. When compared to FM, SAT and VAT had the strongest association with insulin resistance in adults. This association was independent of BMI. CONCLUSIONS Associations between individual body fat depots and most cardiometabolic traits became evident after puberty only. The strongest associations were observed between insulin resistance and abdominal fat in adults. The impact of VAT was independent of BMI.
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43
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Yang Q. Are Social Networking Sites Making Health Behavior Change Interventions More Effective? A Meta-Analytic Review. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 22:223-233. [PMID: 28248623 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1271065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing popularity of social networking sites (SNSs) has drawn scholarly attention in recent years, and a large amount of efforts have been made in applying SNSs to health behavior change interventions. However, these interventions showed mixed results, with a large variance of effect sizes in Cohen's d ranging from -1.17 to 1.28. To provide a better understanding of SNS-based interventions' effectiveness, a meta-analysis of 21 studies examining the effects of health interventions using SNS was conducted. Results indicated that health behavior change interventions using SNS are effective in general, but the effects were moderated by health topic, methodological features, and participant features. Theoretical and practical implications of findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- a Annenberg School for Communication , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
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44
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Mackenzie K, Till S, Basu S. Sedentary behaviour in NHS staff: implications for organizations. Occup Med (Lond) 2017; 67:188-193. [PMID: 28164235 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Mackenzie
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK
| | - S Till
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK
| | - S Basu
- Sheffield Occupational Health Service, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
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45
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Hadgraft NT, Brakenridge CL, LaMontagne AD, Fjeldsoe BS, Lynch BM, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Healy GN, Lawler SP. Feasibility and acceptability of reducing workplace sitting time: a qualitative study with Australian office workers. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:933. [PMID: 27595754 PMCID: PMC5011963 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Office workers spend a large proportion of their working hours sitting. This may contribute to an increased risk of chronic disease and premature mortality. While there is growing interest in workplace interventions targeting prolonged sitting, few qualitative studies have explored workers’ perceptions of reducing occupational sitting outside of an intervention context. This study explored barriers to reducing office workplace sitting, and the feasibility and acceptability of strategies targeting prolonged sitting in this context. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 office workers (50 % women), including employees and managers, in Melbourne, Australia. The three organisations (two large, and one small organisation) were from retail, health and IT industries and had not implemented any formalised approaches to sitting reduction. Questions covered barriers to reducing sitting, the feasibility of potential strategies aimed at reducing sitting, and perceived effects on productivity. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Participants reported spending most (median: 7.2 h) of their working hours sitting. The nature of computer-based work and exposure to furniture designed for a seated posture were considered to be the main factors influencing sitting time. Low cost strategies, such as standing meetings and in-person communication, were identified as feasible ways to reduce sitting time and were also perceived to have potential productivity benefits. However, social norms around appropriate workplace behaviour and workload pressures were perceived to be barriers to uptake of these strategies. The cost implications of height-adjustable workstations influenced perceptions of feasibility. Managers noted the need for an evidence-based business case supporting action on prolonged sitting, particularly in the context of limited resources and competing workplace health priorities. Conclusions While a number of low-cost approaches to reduce workplace sitting are perceived to be feasible and acceptable in the office workplace, factors such as work demands and the organisational social context may still act as barriers to greater uptake. Building a supportive organisational culture and raising awareness of the adverse health effects of prolonged sitting may be important for improving individual-level and organisational-level motivation for change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyssa T Hadgraft
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brianna S Fjeldsoe
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sheleigh P Lawler
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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