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Kelly DC, Fan M, Langton RS, Stahlman SL. Vitamin D deficiency trends, risk factors, and occupational risk in active component service members of the U.S. Armed Forces, 2018-2022. MSMR 2024; 31:2-7. [PMID: 39255511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D contains 2 related fat-soluble substances, D3 and D2, that are essential for bone health and overall well-being. The burden of vitamin D deficiency within the active component of the armed forces is unknown. This study describes trends of vitamin D deficiency diagnoses in the active component of the U.S. Armed Forces. Risk factors for vitamin D, such as military occupation, were examined to see if preventive measures and targeted vitamin D screening would be beneficial, as the United States Preventive Task Force does not recommend universal screening for vitamin D, nor does TRICARE cover screening for asymptomatic individuals. The surveillance period covered January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2022. The data were derived from the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS). Vitamin D deficiency was measured using ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnoses recorded in inpatient and outpatient medical encounters. Incidence rate and average annual prevalence were calculated. A logistic regression was performed to obtain adjusted odds ratios. The rates of vitamin D deficiency diagnoses among active component service members (ACSMs) remained steady during the study period, with an incidence rate of 16.4 per 1,000 person-years and an average annual prevalence of 2.2%. Female service members, those of older age groups, and indoor workers demonstrated higher rates of vitamin D deficiency. Previously described demographic risk factors such as indoor work and history of obesity or malabsorption syndrome were also associated in this study with vitamin D deficiency in ACSMs, although older age groups in this study were not associated with vitamin D deficiency. Pilots and air crew had the lowest rates of vitamin D deficiency, while health care workers had the highest, when evaluating by occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin C Kelly
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael Fan
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Richard S Langton
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Shauna L Stahlman
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD
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Velazquez-Kronen R, MacDonald LA, Millen AE. Sex and race disparities in the association between work characteristics and vitamin D deficiency: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:339-348. [PMID: 38955482 PMCID: PMC11418022 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2024-109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide; however, few large population-based studies have examined occupational risk factors. We examined associations between shift work, work schedule, hours worked, outdoor work, occupation and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in the US working population. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 8601 workers from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. NHANES occupational data were supplemented with measures of outdoor work from the Occupational Information Network. Serum 25(OH)D concentration in nanomoles per litre (nmol/L) was categorised as sufficient (≥75), insufficient (50-<75), moderately deficient (30-<50) and severely deficient (<30). Age-adjusted weighted multinomial and binary logistic regression were used to examine associations between work-related factors and vitamin D status with sex-race/ethnicity stratification. RESULTS Shift workers had higher odds of severe vitamin D deficiency compared with day workers (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.19). Compared with those in white-collar occupations, those in natural resources were less likely to be deficient (OR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.52), while those in production were more likely to be deficient (OR: 2.25, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.43). Women working ≥40 hours/week compared with <40 hours/week were more likely to be moderately deficient (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.59). Black women working in sales were more likely to be deficient than those in management (OR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.27). Mexican American men working nights had the highest odds of deficiency (OR: 2.64, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.06). CONCLUSIONS Work-related factors were associated with vitamin D status and there were race/ethnicity and sex differences. Targeted vitamin D screening and supplementation interventions may reduce these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Velazquez-Kronen
- Field Research Branch, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie A MacDonald
- Field Research Branch, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Obeid JM, Sadeghi JK, Wolf AS, Bremner RM. Sleep, Nutrition, and Health Maintenance in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Thorac Surg Clin 2024; 34:213-221. [PMID: 38944448 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiothoracic surgeons work in high-intensity environments starting in surgical training and throughout their careers. They deal with critical patients. Their routine procedures are delicate, require extensive attention to detail, and can have detrimental effects on patients' lives. Cardiothoracic surgeons are required to perform at their best capacity incessantly. To do this, they must safeguard their mental and physical well-being. Preserving health through sleep, nutrition, exercise, and routine medical checkups ensures a cardiothoracic surgeon's well-being. Great personal effort and discipline is required to maintain health in a busy schedule. We offer our best recommendations from expert peers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Obeid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N Broad Street, Parkinson Pavilion, Suite 501C, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - John K Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Temple University Hospital, 3401 N Broad Street, Parkinson Pavilion, Suite 501C, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Andrea S Wolf
- New York Mesothelioma Program, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1190 Fifth Avenue, Box 1023, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ross M Bremner
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 500 W. Thomas Road, Suite 500, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix Health Sciences Campus, 3100 N Central Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA.
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Villasis-Keever MA, Zurita-Cruz JN, Garduño-Espinosa J, López-Alarcón M, Barradas Vázquez AS, Miranda-Novales MG, Parra-Ortega I, López-Martinez B, García H, Klünder-Klünder M. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in health care workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1440185. [PMID: 39114123 PMCID: PMC11303295 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1440185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globally, up to 76.6% of the population may be affected by vitamin D (VD) deficiency, which has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. This underscores the importance of further research into VD supplementation, particularly for health care workers, who are at higher risk due to indoor work environments and dietary challenges associated with shift schedules. Objective This study aimed to identify factors associated with VD deficiency in Mexican health care workers exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from June 2020 to January 2021 among frontline health care workers treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Blood samples were collected to measure 25-hydroxy VD levels via radioimmunoassay. We also assessed previous COVID-19 infection and comorbidities that could influence VD levels. Results The study included 468 health care workers. The median serum VD concentration was 16.6 ng/mL. VD deficiency was found in 69.4% (n = 325) of participants, while only 5.1% (n = 24) had normal levels. Those with type 2 diabetes (13.3 ng/mL vs. 17.1 ng/mL) or obesity (15.7 ng/mL vs. 17.1 ng/mL) had significantly lower VD levels than their counterparts (p < 0.001 and p = 0.049, respectively). No significant differences were found among participants with high blood pressure. Multivariate analysis revealed that type 2 diabetes was independently associated with VD deficiency. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of VD deficiency among health care workers, which is potentially linked to both personal health factors and occupational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Villasis-Keever
- Analysis and Synthesis of the Evidence Research Unit, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessie Nallely Zurita-Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Garduño-Espinosa
- Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mardya López-Alarcón
- Clinical Research Division of the Health Research Coordination, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aly Sugey Barradas Vázquez
- Clinical Research Division of the Health Research Coordination, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Miranda-Novales
- Analysis and Synthesis of the Evidence Research Unit, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Briseida López-Martinez
- Auxiliary Diagnostic Services, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heladia García
- Analysis and Synthesis of the Evidence Research Unit, National Medical Center XXI Century, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
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García-Domínguez M, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, Villar CJ, Perez-Gomez A, Sancho-Martinez I, Lombó F. Structural diversification of vitamin D using microbial biotransformations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:409. [PMID: 38970663 PMCID: PMC11227467 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiencies are linked to multiple human diseases. Optimizing its synthesis, physicochemical properties, and delivery systems while minimizing side effects is of clinical relevance and is of great medical and industrial interest. Biotechnological techniques may render new modified forms of vitamin D that may exhibit improved absorption, stability, or targeted physiological effects. Novel modified vitamin D derivatives hold promise for developing future therapeutic approaches and addressing specific health concerns related to vitamin D deficiency or impaired metabolism, such as avoiding hypercalcemic effects. Identifying and engineering key enzymes and biosynthetic pathways involved, as well as developing efficient cultures, are therefore of outmost importance and subject of intense research. Moreover, we elaborate on the critical role that microbial bioconversions might play in the a la carte design, synthesis, and production of novel, more efficient, and safer forms of vitamin D and its analogs. In summary, the novelty of this work resides in the detailed description of the physiological, medical, biochemical, and epidemiological aspects of vitamin D supplementation and the steps towards the enhanced and simplified industrial production of this family of bioactives relying on microbial enzymes. KEY POINTS: • Liver or kidney pathologies may hamper vitamin D biosynthesis • Actinomycetes are able to carry out 1α- or 25-hydroxylation on vitamin D precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-Domínguez
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Principality of Asturias, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Principality of Asturias, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Principality of Asturias, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | - Felipe Lombó
- Research Group BIONUC (Biotechnology of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds), Departamento de Biología Funcional, Principality of Asturias, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain.
- ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain.
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Goodin DS. Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: genetic, environmental and random mechanisms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2023-333296. [PMID: 38960584 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-333296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) requires both genetic factors and environmental events. The question remains, however, whether these factors and events completely describe the MS disease process. This question was addressed using the Canadian MS data, which includes 29 478 individuals, estimated to represent 65-83% of all Canadian patients with MS. METHOD The 'genetically-susceptible' subset of the population, (G), includes everyone who has any non-zero life-time chance of developing MS, under some environmental conditions. A 'sufficient' environmental exposure, for any genetically-susceptible individual, includes every set of environmental conditions, each of which is 'sufficient', by itself, to cause MS in that person. This analysis incorporates many epidemiological parameters, involved in MS pathogenesis, only some of which are directly observable, and establishes 'plausible' value ranges for each parameter. Those parameter value combinations (ie, solutions) that fall within these plausible ranges are then determined. RESULTS Only a small proportion of the population (≤52%) has any possibility of developing MS, regardless of any environmental conditions that they could experience. Moreover, some of these genetically-susceptible individuals, despite their experiencing a 'sufficient' environmental exposure, will still not develop disease. CONCLUSIONS This analysis explicitly includes all of those genetic factors and environmental events (including their interactions), which are necessary for MS pathogenesis, regardless of whether these factors, events and interactions are known, suspected or as yet unrecognised. Nevertheless, in addition, a 'truly' random mechanism also seems to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. This observation provides empirical evidence, which undermines the widely-held deterministic view of nature. Moreover, both sexes seem to share a similar genetic and environmental disease basis. If so, then it is this random mechanism, which is primarily responsible for the currently-observed differences in MS disease expression between susceptible women and susceptible men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Goodin
- Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Neurology, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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Delair S, Anderson-Berry A, Olateju E, Akaba G, Medugu N, Lyden E, Kaufmann M, Jones G, Anigilaje E, Thairu Y, Kocmich N, Ajose T, Olanipekun G, Rezac-Elgohary A, Obaro S, Hanson C. Vitamin D Metabolites in Mother-Infant Dyads and Associated Clinical Outcomes in a Population of Nigerian Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:1857. [PMID: 38931212 PMCID: PMC11207090 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low levels of vitamin D in maternal and cord blood have been associated with neonatal sepsis. This study assessed the association of vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, and 24,25(OH)2D3) levels in maternal and cord blood with newborn sepsis evaluation in Nigerian mother-infant dyads. Maternal and cord blood from 534 mothers and 536 newborns were processed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman correlation was used to compare continuous variables, Mann-Whitney for dichotomous variables, and Kruskal-Wallis for two or more groups. High cord percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels were positively associated with newborn evaluation for sepsis (p = 0.036), while maternal and cord 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D3 levels were not. Being employed was positively associated with maternal and newborn 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively). The maternal 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were positively associated with vaginal delivery (p = 0.013 and p = 0.012, respectively). Having a weight-for-age Z-score ≤ -2 was positively associated with newborn percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels (p = 0.004), while a weight-for-length Z-score ≤ -3 was positively associated with maternal and newborn percent 3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels (p = 0.044 and p = 0.022, respectively). Our study highlights the need to further investigate the biological role of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and its clinical significance in fetal growth and newborn outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Delair
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.K.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.K.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Eyinade Olateju
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja 900211, Nigeria; (E.O.); (E.A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Godwin Akaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja 900211, Nigeria;
| | - Nubwa Medugu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, National Hospital, Abuja 900211, Nigeria;
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kinston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.K.); (G.J.)
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kinston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.K.); (G.J.)
| | - Emmanuel Anigilaje
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja 900211, Nigeria; (E.O.); (E.A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yunusa Thairu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja 900211, Nigeria; (E.O.); (E.A.); (Y.T.)
| | - Nicholas Kocmich
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.K.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Theresa Ajose
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria (IFAIN), Abuja 900211, Nigeria; (T.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Grace Olanipekun
- International Foundation Against Infectious Disease in Nigeria (IFAIN), Abuja 900211, Nigeria; (T.A.); (G.O.)
| | - Amy Rezac-Elgohary
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (A.A.-B.); (N.K.); (A.R.-E.)
| | - Stephen Obaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Department of Medical Nutrition, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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Lo GH, Patarini JC, Richard MJ, McAlindon TE, Kriska AM, Rockette-Wagner B, Eaton CB, Hochberg MC, Kwoh CK, Nevitt MC, Driban JB. Gardening/yardwork in people with knee osteoarthritis is not associated with symptom or structural progression over 48 months: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1755-1762. [PMID: 38561590 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06912-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship of gardening/yardwork with symptomatic and structural progression in those with pre-existing radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), an observational study designed to evaluate potential and known biomarkers and risk factors of knee OA. METHODS We conducted a cohort study nested within the OAI, including participants ≥ 50 years old with radiographic OA in at least one knee at the time of OAI enrollment. A participant reported the level of gardening/yardwork activity in a self-administered survey. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of gardening/yardwork on new frequent knee pain, Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) worsening, medial joint space narrowing (JSN) worsening, and improved frequent knee pain. RESULTS Of 1808 knees (1203 participants), over 60% of knees had KL grade = 2, 65% had medial JSN, and slightly more than a third had frequent knee symptoms. Gardeners/yardworkers and non-gardners/yardworkers had similar "worsening" outcomes for new knee pain (29% vs. 29%), KL worsening (19% vs. 18%), and medial JSN (23% vs. 24%). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the "worsening" outcomes of new knee pain, KL worsening, and medial JSN worsening were 1.0 (0.7-1.3), 1.0 (0.8-1.3), and 1.1 (0.9-1.4), respectively. The gardeners/yardworkers had an adjusted OR of 1.2 (0.9-1.7) for improved knee pain compared with non-gardners/yardworkers. CONCLUSION Gardening/yardwork is not associated with knee OA progression and should not be discouraged in those with knee OA. Key Points • Gardening/yardwork is not associated with knee OA symptomatic or structural progression. • Gardening/yardwork should not be discouraged in people with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Lo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM-285, Houston, TX, USA.
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Julieann C Patarini
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Richard
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy E McAlindon
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea M Kriska
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marc C Hochberg
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Kent Kwoh
- University of Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael C Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Driban
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Phelan J, Thangamuthu A, Muthumeenal S, Houston K, Everton M, Gowda S, Zhang J, Subramanian R. Vital D: A modifiable occupational risk factor of UK healthcare workers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296247. [PMID: 38625871 PMCID: PMC11020869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Vitamin D in immune function is well reported with a growing evidence base linking low levels to poorer outcomes from infectious disease. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are prevalent worldwide with healthcare workers identified as a known at-risk group. Here we aim to investigate serum Vitamin D levels in a UK population of front line healthcare workers and to promote the occupational risk. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 639 volunteers was conducted to identify the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency amongst a population of front-line health care workers in the UK. Participant demographics and co-morbid factors were collected at the time of serum sampling for multivariate analysis. RESULTS Only 18.8% of the population had a normal vitamin D level greater than or equal to 75nmol/L. This is compared to Public Health England's (PHE) stipulated normal levels of 60% during winter. 81.2% had a level less than 75nmol/L, with 51.2% less than 50nmol/L and 6.6% less than 25nmol/L. For serum levels less than 25nmol/L, Asian ethnicity was more likely to have a vitamin D deficiency than non-asian (OR (95%CI): 3.81 (1.73-8.39), p = 0.001), whereas white ethnicity was less likely to have a vitamin D deficiency compared to non-white (OR (95%CI: 0.43 (0.20-0.83), p = 0.03). Other factors that contributed to a higher likelihood of lower-than-normal levels within this population included male sex, decreased age and not taking supplementation. CONCLUSION It is concluded that our population of healthcare workers have higher rates of abnormal vitamin D levels in comparison with the general UK population reported prevalence. Furthermore, Asian ethnicity and age 30 years and below are more at risk of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. This highlights an occupational risk factor for the healthcare community to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Phelan
- Basildon Hospital, Mid and South Essex Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kirsteen Houston
- Southend Hospital, Mid and South Essex Foundation Trust, Westcliff-on-Sea, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Everton
- Basildon Hospital, Mid and South Essex Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Sathyanarayana Gowda
- Basildon Hospital, Mid and South Essex Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom
| | - Jufen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Han KH, Jeong Y, Suh YJ, Suh DH, Kim K, Kim YB, No JH. Effect of air temperature on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: A single institutional large-scale study in Korea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297495. [PMID: 38551922 PMCID: PMC10980248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health issue especially in women. Serum vitamin D concentrations vary depending on the weather. However, the ideal vitamin D supplementation strategy related to weather remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between climate factors and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. This study included 11,272 women aged 20-79 who visited a health promotion center for annual checkups between January 2013 and December 2015. We reviewed medical records and collected daily meteorological data. We analyzed the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and climate factors using simple and multiple regression models and then predicted serum 25(OH)D concentration using multiple fractional polynomial models. The median age of the participants was 51 years (20-79 years), and the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 17.4 ± 8.6 ng/mL. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower in young women than in older women. The proportions of women with adequate 25(OH)D levels were 14.9% and 47.0% in the age groups 20-29 and 70-79, respectively. The maximum level of predicted log 25(OH)D was found in September, and the minimum was found in January. In multiple regression analysis, age and monthly mean temperature were associated with 25(OH)D concentrations. Serum 25(OH)D level was predicted using the following formula: log (25(OH)D) = 2.144 + 0.009 × age + 0.018 × ((temperature + 12.4)/10)2 (P < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.091). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations changed according to air temperature. An adequate strategy for vitamin D supplementation, based on air temperature, is necessary to maintain healthy serum 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA University Ilsan Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Jeong
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Suh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kidong Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park J, Choi Y, Cho S, Park H, Kim S, Cho HI, Nah EH. Vitamin D Status and Reference Intervals Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Early Adulthood to Geriatric Ages in a South Korean Population during 2017-2022. Nutrients 2024; 16:604. [PMID: 38474732 PMCID: PMC10934696 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the latest 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of the South Korean population aged ≥ 20 years using 25(OH)D concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to determine the factors associated with total 25(OH)D concentrations. This cross-sectional, retrospective study consecutively selected 119,335 subjects with a median age of 57 (20-101) years who underwent health checkups among 13 Korean cities during 2017-2022. The total 25(OH)D concentration was 54.5 ± 24.0 nmol/L (mean ± SD). The 7.6%, 47.5%, and 82.9% of participants had 25(OH)D less than 25, 50, and 75 nmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) was higher in females than in males (8.9% vs. 6.1%) and varied between age groups, decreasing in older subjects. Those aged 20-29 years had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (23.0% in females and 20.1% in males), which also varied between cities. In the adjusted model, female sex, older age, summer and autumn seasons, lower body mass index (<25 kg/m2), and lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (<1 mg/L) were associated with higher total 25(OH)D concentrations. This study could provide an exact understanding of the status of vitamin D and help devise strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency among the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooheon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongjun Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Seon Cho
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyeran Park
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Suyoung Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Han-Ik Cho
- MEDIcheck LAB, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Hee Nah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
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de Macêdo LP, de Castro Tavares R, Torres Braga M, Dos Santos LM, Donato G, Lima Júnior FASD, de Macêdo RP, Ugulino Netto A, Franke K, Vansant Oliveira Eugênio P, Batista Cezar-Junior A, Vilela Faquini I, Júnior Silva JL, de Carvalho Júnior EV, Almeida NS, Bandeira E Farias FA, Moraes Valença M, Rocha Cirne Azevedo-Filho H. The relationship between the level of vitamin D and ruptured intracranial aneurysms among patients with high sun exposure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3555. [PMID: 38347057 PMCID: PMC10861505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 3-5% of acute strokes. Intracranial aneurysm is the most common cause of non-traumatic SAH. Vitamin D influences the cardiovascular system, including the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. To evaluate the serum vitamin D level in patients living in the tropical zone who suffered aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and its correlation with demographic and neurological characteristics. This is an analytical cross-sectional study to assess the serum level of vitamin D in a study population of 99 patients treated and diagnosed with aSAH in a public hospital in Recife-PE over a period of 12 months. In the study sample, composed of individuals with high sun exposure due to the lifestyle they lead in a tropical region, we observed hypovitaminosis D (85.9%), with a median of 19.9 ng/ml, although the majority of individuals are skin with high concentration of melanin (Fitzpatrick skin type IV and V). In addition, rates of sun exposure are high to all patients (Solar Index 9.03 P50). Most individuals were female (79.8%); there was no statistical difference in solar exposure/solar index between genders. As for the neurological repercussions, there was no statistical relevance in the clinical prognostic scales evaluated. As the sample was composed mainly of individuals whose economic activity is agriculture, the values of solar index found are vastly higher than those of other studies conducted in high latitude regions. In line with the literature review, some aspects were raised with the objective of justifying such findings that go from the base of the poor diet of these individuals, the increase of melanin in the skin and genetic alterations that directs us to possible mechanisms of natural photoprotection to high sun exposure. Thus, we had a vast majority (85%) of hypovitaminosis D, which in fact makes us wonder if there is any influence of calcitriol on vitamin D receptors in vascular walls and in the cardiovascular system as a whole, which influence bleeding events of this nature. As for the neurological repercussions, measured using assessment scales (Glasgow coma scale, WFNS scale, Hunt-Hess and Fisher's tomographic scale) there was no significant difference in the results. As it is only a descriptive study, the causal relationship of the facts cannot be established. However, in a population exposed to high sun exposure and affected by aneurysmal SAH, there is a significant rate of hypovitaminosis D, which supports the hypothesis that vitamin D plays a role in vascular pathologies, such as cerebral aneurysms and SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívio Pereira de Macêdo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- , Recife, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | - Glaudir Donato
- Medical Student, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Kauê Franke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Vilela Faquini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nivaldo S Almeida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hildo Rocha Cirne Azevedo-Filho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Dorji S, Yangchen S, chuki P. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases visiting the rheumatology clinic at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231223313. [PMID: 38249953 PMCID: PMC10798065 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231223313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D deficiency in a patient with autoimmune rheumatic disease is the most discussed topic these days, is considered to be a pandemic, and its prevalence and associations have been studied by many countries. We aim to study the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune rheumatic diseases in patients visiting the rheumatology clinic at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in Thimphu. Methods A descriptive study was conducted on 126 patients in Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, who were visiting the rheumatology clinic. Vitamin D levels were analysed among these rheumatology patients. EpiData software is used for data entry and analysis. Results Out of 126 patients, 71 had rheumatoid arthritis, 34 had systemic erythema-tosus, 8 mixed connective tissue disease and 13 had other autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Among these, only 12 (9.52%) patients had normal vitamin D levels, and 114 (90.5%) patients had lower than normal serum levels of the vitamin. Among these, 75 (59.5%) were deficient and 39 (31.0%) were insufficient. Conclusion The study found that the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency is high with 59.5% among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases and only with 9.5% were with normal levels of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangay Dorji
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Department of Medicine, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Sonam Yangchen
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
- Department of Medicine, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Pem chuki
- Faculty of Postgraduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
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14
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Vigna L, Speciani MC, Tirelli AS, Bravi F, La Vecchia C, Conte C, Gori F. Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Working Age Subjects from an Obesity Clinic. Nutrients 2023; 15:4354. [PMID: 37892428 PMCID: PMC10609594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum vitamin D (VitD) levels have been inversely related with metabolic syndrome (MetS), although the direct impact of VitD is still debated. This study examined 879 subjects of working age from an obesity and occupational clinic in Milan, Italy. Among these participants, 316 had MetS, while 563 did not. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS in relation to serum VitD levels. After controlling for age, sex, leisure time physical activity, and body mass index (BMI), individuals with VitD levels between 20 and 29.9 ng/dL, or at least 30 ng/dL, had approximately half the risk of developing MetS (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.86 and OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25-0.99, respectively) compared to those with VitD levels below 10 ng/dL. This study presents further evidence of the beneficial effect of adequate VitD levels on the risk of MetS in a population of overweight/obese workers, even after adjusting for BMI. This study supports the importance of testing for and-if required-supplementing VitD in individuals with metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Vigna
- Centro Obesità e Lavoro, Unità di Salute Occupazionale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michela Carola Speciani
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Biometria ed Epidemiologia “G.A. Maccacaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.S.); (F.B.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Amedea Silvia Tirelli
- Centro Obesità e Lavoro, Unità di Salute Occupazionale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Biometria ed Epidemiologia “G.A. Maccacaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.S.); (F.B.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Laboratorio di Statistica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Biometria ed Epidemiologia “G.A. Maccacaro”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.S.); (F.B.); (C.L.V.)
| | - Caterina Conte
- Dipartimento di Promozione delle Scienze Umane e della Qualità della Vita, Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia, Nutrizione e Malattie Metaboliche, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20900 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gori
- Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione ed Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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15
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Santos LZADA, Menezes-Júnior LAAD, Freitas SND, Pimenta FAP, Machado-Coelho GLL, Oliveira FLPD, Neto RMDN, Turbino-Ribeiro SML. Vitamin D deficiency and hyperglycemia in male rotating shift workers: A disturbed circadian rhythms influence. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:258-265. [PMID: 37739666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift work is related to several negative impacts on the health of workers. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hyperglycemia in shift workers. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Hyperglycemia was classified when fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer's V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression, from a model of determination, was performed to investigate whether VDD was associated with hyperglycemia. RESULTS The study evaluated 1411 workers, most workers were aged 30-39 years (53.2%), and 77.5% self-declared as black, brown, with up to complete high school (71.4%) and working alternate shifts for more than 5 years (76.1%). Regarding glucose and vitamin D, 32.0% and 29.1% of the workers had hyperglycemia and VDD, respectively. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 119% increased chance of hyperglycemia (OR: 2.19; IC95%: 1.56-3.08). Furthermore, vitamin D levels in distribution quintiles showed a dose-response gradient in relation to hyperglycemia, where increased vitamin D values were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sílvia Nascimento de Freitas
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Medical School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tang L, Zeng H, Yang B, Dong C, Li M, Zhang X, Pan J. Vitamin D is inversely associated with Monocyte to HDL-C ratio among medical staff in Chengdu, China. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:149. [PMID: 37438744 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary objective of this study was to explore the association of vitamin D with the monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR) among medical staff in Chengdu, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 538 medical staff, including 393 females and 145 males, and included data on gender, age, body mass index, and laboratory parameters (including complete blood count, vitamin D levels, lipid, etc.). According to serum 25 (OH)D < 20 ng/ml as vitamin D deficiency, subjects were divided into two groups based on serum 25 (OH)D levels: a vitamin D deficiency group with serum 25 (OH)D < 20 ng/ml and a vitamin D sufficiency group with serum 25 (OH)D ≥ 20 ng/ml. When considering vitamin D as a categorical variable, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. On the other hand, when examining the factors influencing vitamin D levels as a continuous variable, a multiple linear regression model was utilized. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 86.25% among all the participants. Males exhibited a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency compared to females (β=0.383, P = 0.026). Vitamin D deficiency risk decreased with age (β = 0.910, P < 0.001). Additionally, elevated values of MHR were associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency (β = 1.530, P = 0.019). When treating vitamin D as a continuous variable, the results of multiple linear regression revealed that age (β = 0.342, P < 0.001), and TG (β=-1.327, P = 0.010) were independent influencing factors for vitamin D levels, indicating that vitamin D levels increase with age. A reverse association between MHR and vitamin D levels demonstrated a marginal trend toward significance (β=-0.581, P = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D is inversely associated with MHR among young medical staff in Chengdu, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaohui Dong
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Mirza AA, Rathi H, Dakshinamurthy S, Goyal B, Saha S, Saxena V, Kalyani V, Kumar R, Naithani M. Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Other Bone Related Biochemical Markers in Healthy Adults in Rural Population of Uttarakhand, India. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:316-323. [PMID: 37234188 PMCID: PMC10205961 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite being close to equator and receiving sufficient sun rays, evidences revealed that Indians have severe deficiency of vitamin D (vit D) ranging from 41 to 100% in different geographical locations. Therefore, in this study levels of 25(OH)D (physiologically measurable form) along with other bone metabolism associated biochemical markers were determined in serum sample of 300 apparently healthy study subjects (rural) from Doiwala block of Dehradun district in the state of Uttarakhand. Demographic data was also obtained based on a structured questionnaire to establish an association between 25(OH)D levels and various dietary and socio-cultural factors. Results demonstrated that of all study subjects, 197 (65%) had 25(OH)D levels below < 12 ng/mL (deficient) and 65 (21%) had 25(OH)D levels between 12 and 20 ng/mL (insufficient) with all other markers falling within respectively established reference ranges. Further, in univariate analysis, gender, occupation (indoor and outdoor), education were independently associated with vitamin D status. Additionally, parathyroid hormone associated significantly with gender and occupation, while calcium associated significantly with gender, occupation and education. Lastly, regression analysis revealed that gender and occupation independently associated with vitamin D status of subjects. In conclusion, apparently healthy subjects showed considerable vitamin D deficiency thereby generating an urgent need for formulating and implementing better government policies for enrichment of vitamin D levels among rural adults of Uttarakhand in future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01048-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Atif Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201 India
| | - Himani Rathi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201 India
| | | | - Bela Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201 India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201 India
| | - Vartika Saxena
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Vasantha Kalyani
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201 India
| | - Manisha Naithani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201 India
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Goodin DS, Khankhanian P, Gourraud PA, Vince N. Multiple sclerosis: Exploring the limits and implications of genetic and environmental susceptibility. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285599. [PMID: 37379505 PMCID: PMC10306391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and describe the basis and implications of genetic and environmental susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) using the Canadian population-based data. BACKGROUND Certain parameters of MS-epidemiology are directly observable (e.g., the recurrence-risk of MS in siblings and twins, the proportion of women among MS patients, the population-prevalence of MS, and the time-dependent changes in the sex-ratio). By contrast, other parameters can only be inferred from the observed parameters (e.g., the proportion of the population that is "genetically susceptible", the proportion of women among susceptible individuals, the probability that a susceptible individual will experience an environment "sufficient" to cause MS, and if they do, the probability that they will develop the disease). DESIGN/METHODS The "genetically susceptible" subset (G) of the population (Z) is defined to include everyone with any non-zero life-time chance of developing MS under some environmental conditions. The value for each observed and non-observed epidemiological parameter is assigned a "plausible" range. Using both a Cross-sectional Model and a Longitudinal Model, together with established parameter relationships, we explore, iteratively, trillions of potential parameter combinations and determine those combinations (i.e., solutions) that fall within the acceptable range for both the observed and non-observed parameters. RESULTS Both Models and all analyses intersect and converge to demonstrate that probability of genetic-susceptibitly, P(G), is limited to only a fraction of the population {i.e., P(G) ≤ 0.52)} and an even smaller fraction of women {i.e., P(G│F) < 0.32)}. Consequently, most individuals (particularly women) have no chance whatsoever of developing MS, regardless of their environmental exposure. However, for any susceptible individual to develop MS, requires that they also experience a "sufficient" environment. We use the Canadian data to derive, separately, the exponential response-curves for men and women that relate the increasing likelihood of developing MS to an increasing probability that a susceptible individual experiences an environment "sufficient" to cause MS. As the probability of a "sufficient" exposure increases, we define, separately, the limiting probability of developing MS in men (c) and women (d). These Canadian data strongly suggest that: (c < d ≤ 1). If so, this observation establishes both that there must be a "truly" random factor involved in MS pathogenesis and that it is this difference, rather than any difference in genetic or environmental factors, which primarily accounts for the penetrance difference between women and men. CONCLUSIONS The development of MS (in an individual) requires both that they have an appropriate genotype (which is uncommon in the population) and that they have an environmental exposure "sufficient" to cause MS given their genotype. Nevertheless, the two principal findings of this study are that: P(G) ≤ 0.52)} and: (c < d ≤ 1). Threfore, even when the necessary genetic and environmental factors, "sufficient" for MS pathogenesis, co-occur for an individual, they still may or may not develop MS. Consequently, disease pathogenesis, even in this circumstance, seems to involve an important element of chance. Moreover, the conclusion that the macroscopic process of disease development for MS includes a "truly" random element, if replicated (either for MS or for other complex diseases), provides empiric evidence that our universe is non-deterministic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Goodin
- Department of Neurology, San Francisco & the San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of Ameirca
| | - Pouya Khankhanian
- Kaiser Permanente, Walnut Creek Medical Center, Dublin, California, United States of Ameirca
| | - Pierre-Antoine Gourraud
- Center for Neuro-Engineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of Ameirca
| | - Nicolas Vince
- INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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Bârsan M, Chelaru VF, Râjnoveanu AG, Popa ȘL, Socaciu AI, Bădulescu AV. Difference in Levels of Vitamin D between Indoor and Outdoor Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087584. [PMID: 37108748 PMCID: PMC10147028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, its importance in different processes taking place in the human body, the effects of abnormal levels of this hormone, either too low or too high, and the need for supplementation have been extensively researched thus far. Variances in exposure to sunlight can cause vitamin D levels to fluctuate. Indoor activity can be a factor for these fluctuations and can lead to a decrease in vitamin D levels. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to identify whether indoor compared to outdoor training has a significant influence on vitamin D levels; we also performed subgroup analyses and multivariate meta-regression. The type of training has an impact on vitamin D levels that is influenced by multiple cofounders. In a subgroup analysis not considering cofounders, the mean serum vitamin D was 3.73 ng/mL higher in outdoor athletes, a difference which barely fails to achieve significance (p = 0.052, a total sample size of 5150). The indoor-outdoor difference is only significant (clinically and statistically) when considering studies performed exclusively on Asian athletes (a mean difference of 9.85 ng/mL, p < 0.01, and a total sample size of 303). When performing the analyses within each season, no significant differences are observed between indoor and outdoor athletes. To control for multiple cofounders (the season, latitude, and Asian/Caucasian race) simultaneously, we constructed a multivariate meta-regression model, which estimated a serum vitamin D concentration lower by 4.446 ng/mL in indoor athletes. While a multivariate model suggests that outdoor training is associated with slightly higher vitamin D concentrations when controlling for the season, latitude, and Asian/Caucasian race, the type of training has a numerically and clinically small impact. This suggests that vitamin D levels and the need for supplementation should not be decided based on training type alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bârsan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Florin Chelaru
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Armand-Gabriel Râjnoveanu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan Lucian Popa
- 2nd Medical Department, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea-Iulia Socaciu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei-Vlad Bădulescu
- Faculty of Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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20
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Rakovac M, Sajković D. VITAMIN D AND INJURIES IN DANCERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Acta Clin Croat 2023; 62:214-223. [PMID: 38304359 PMCID: PMC10829964 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2023.62.01.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is involved in many different functions in the human body. Despite the well-known benefits of vitamin D and increasing trends of testing and supplementation, there is still a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide, present in the general but also in the highly-active population such as athletes and dancers. Dancers are at a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency due to their long working hours spent indoors, without exposure to sunlight. The high level of workload and physical demands also put dancers at a high risk of injuries. The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the existing evidence on the association of vitamin D (serum level and supplementation) and injuries in dancers. Medline, Scopus, SportDiscus and Web of Science were searched to identify the available peer-reviewed articles. Five articles met the inclusion criteria (two interventional and three observational studies), three of which additionally investigated the relationship between vitamin D and muscle function. The reported results on positive influence of vitamin D serum level or vitamin D supplementation effect on reduced injury occurrence and enhanced muscular function in adolescent and elite professional ballet dancers are promising but the evidence is limited due to a low number of studies, small samples, and methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Rakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, Zagreb, Croatia
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21
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Liu Y, Clare S, D'Erasmo G, Heilbronner A, Dash A, Krez A, Zaworski C, Haseltine K, Serota A, Miller A, Veiga K, Sandoval M, T Lu T, McMahon DJ, Nieves JW, Stein EM. Vitamin D and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: SERVE Study (SARS-CoV-2 Exposure and the Role of Vitamin D among Hospital Employees). J Nutr 2023; 153:1420-1426. [PMID: 36871833 PMCID: PMC9985522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of the role of vitamin D in immune function has led to interest in its relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although clinical studies to date have had conflicting results, many individuals currently take high doses of vitamin D to prevent infection. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and vitamin D supplement use with incident SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 250 health care workers were enrolled at a single institution and observed for 15 mo. Participants completed questionnaires every 3 mo regarding new SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, and supplement use. Serum was drawn at baseline, 6, and 12 mo for 25OHD and SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 40 y, BMI 26 kg/m2, 71% were Caucasian, and 78% female. Over 15 mo, 56 participants (22%) developed incident SARS-CoV-2 infections. At baseline, ∼50% reported using vitamin D supplements (mean daily dose 2250 units). Mean serum 25OHD was 38 ng/mL. Baseline 25OHD did not predict incident SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.20). Neither the use of vitamin D supplements (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.65, 2.14) or supplement dose was associated with incident infection (OR: 1.01 per 100-units increase; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.02). CONCLUSION In this prospective study of health care workers, neither serum 25OHD nor the use of vitamin D supplements was associated with the incident SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings argue against the common practice of consuming high-dose vitamin D supplements for the presumed prevention of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Shannon Clare
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Gia D'Erasmo
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Alison Heilbronner
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Dash
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Alexandra Krez
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Caroline Zaworski
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Katherine Haseltine
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Alana Serota
- Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Andy Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Keila Veiga
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marvin Sandoval
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Theresa T Lu
- Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald J McMahon
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Jeri W Nieves
- Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States
| | - Emily Margaret Stein
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States; Metabolic Bone Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, United States; Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States.
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22
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Mun E, Lee Y, Lee W, Park S. Effect of vitamin D deficiency on metabolic syndrome among Korean shift workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:126-135. [PMID: 36422573 PMCID: PMC10577018 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on metabolic syndrome among shift workers. METHODS This study included 207 756 workers who underwent a comprehensive health examination at a large South Korean university hospital between 2012 and 2018. We performed multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis and analyzed mediation and exposure-mediator interaction. RESULTS Overall, 5.5% of the participants had metabolic syndrome. Compared to day work, the odds ratios (OR) of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency (<12 ng/mL) for shift work were 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.22] and 1.63 (95% CI 1.57-1.70), respectively. Among shift workers, the OR of metabolic syndrome for vitamin D levels of 12-20 and <12 ng/mL, compared with a level of ≥20 ng/mL, were 1.36 (95% CI 1.15-1.61) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.26-1.81), respectively. Shift work and vitamin D deficiency showed an additive interaction; the relative excess risks due to interaction, attributable proportion, and synergy index were 0.26 (95% CI 0.08-0.44), 0.17 (95% CI 0.07-0.28), and 2.09 (95% CI 1.23-3.55), respectively. When vitamin D deficiency was treated as a mediator, the direct and total effects of shift work on metabolic syndrome were 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.22) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.07-1.25), respectively. The indirect effect was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04) and accounted for 18% of the total effect. CONCLUSION Vitamin D is a potential mediator of the impact of shift work on metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchan Mun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Nasaif H, Alaradi M, Hammam R, Bucheeri M, Abdulla M, Abdulla H. Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Bahrain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:192-198. [PMID: 34989658 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2025315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among nurses in Bahrain and determine the factors that contribute to the occurrence of these symptoms. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from a convenience sample of 550 nurses working in three hospitals in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months was assessed using the self-administered Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (NMQ). Results. A total of 550 nurses participated in the study. Most were females (n = 488, 89.1%) between 31 and 40 years of age (n = 239, 43.8%). The overall self-reported prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints of all joints in the past 12 months was 88.1%. The highest prevalence was in the lower back (72.3%), followed by the shoulder (52.8%) and the neck (49%). The lowest prevalence was the elbow (12.1%). The prevalence of lower back symptoms was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), coexisting medical conditions (p < 0.001), area of practice (p < 0.001), number of tasks (p < 0.001) and types of shifts (p < 0.001). Conclusion. The findings indicate a high prevalence of symptoms among nurses. There is a need to implement strategies in healthcare facilities to improve working environment conditions and reduce the prevalence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Nasaif
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - Maryam Alaradi
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - Ridha Hammam
- Intensive Care Unit, Ministry of Health, Bahrain
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24
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de Menezes-Júnior LAA, Fajardo VC, Neto RMDN, de Freitas SN, Oliveira FLP, Pimenta FAP, Machado-Coelho GLL, Meireles AL. Association of Hypovitaminosis D with Sleep Parameters in Rotating Shift Worker Drivers. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:84-91. [PMID: 37151772 PMCID: PMC10157830 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between sleep parameters and hypovitaminosis D in rotating shift drivers. Material and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 82 male rotating shift workers (24-57 years old) with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and smoking). Polysomnography was used to evaluate sleep parameters. Logistic regression was used to model the association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep parameters after adjustment for relevant covariates. Results Hypovitaminosis D (< 20 ng/mL) was seen in 30.5% of the workers. Shift workers with hypovitaminosis D had lower sleep efficiency (odds ratio [OR]: 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95-5.53), lower arterial oxygen saturation (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 3.37-6.12), and increased microarousal index (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 1.26-5.63) after adjusting. Conclusion We suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with greater sleep disturbances in rotating shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Postgraduate in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Address for correspondence Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior
| | - Virgínia Capistrano Fajardo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Postgraduate in Applied Sciences in Adult Health, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Postgraduate in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Medicine, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Postgraduate in Health and Nutrition, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, School of Nutrition, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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25
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İncedal Sonkaya Z, Yazgan B, Kurtagöz A, Dilara Demir A, İncedal Irgat S. Examination of correlations between vitamin D and melatonin levels with sleep among women aged 18-49 years. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:19-24. [PMID: 37086416 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although clinical research is still going on to determine any relationship between vitamin D and sleep regulation, only few studies have identified the role of vitamin D metabolism in sleep disorders. The current study aims to examine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in the sample group and its effects on sleep quality and melatonin level. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 79 women aged 18-49 years who applied to the research and training hospital between 1 October and 30 November 2021 participated in the study. Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire prepared by the authors and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Blood samples were taken from the participants, also, 25-OH-vitamin D3 and melatonin levels in serum samples were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The participants (n = 79) were aged 29.61 ± 11.14 years. The mean total PSQI scores of the participants were calculated as 5.77 ± 2.70. We determined that 64.6% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency, 21.5% had vitamin D insufficiency, and 13.9% of the participants were vitamin D sufficient. The mean melatonin level was found to be 24.77 ± 27.77 ng/L. We determined that an increase in the melatonin levels decreases the risk of vitamin D deficiency. Besides, our findings showed a good positive correlation between serum melatonin and 25 OH vitamin D3 levels (r = 0.544, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the correction of vitamin D insufficiency can positively affect melatonin levels, therefore, it may positively contribute to the treatment of sleep disorders related to melatonin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra İncedal Sonkaya
- Department of Health Care, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Burak Yazgan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Asli Kurtagöz
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Dilara Demir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Serap İncedal Irgat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
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26
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Ubaldi F, Montanari E, Margarucci LM, Caprara C, Gianfranceschi G, Scaramucci E, Piccolella A, Valeriani F, Romano Spica V. Vitamin D status and COVID-19 prevention in a worker subgroup in Italy. Work 2023:WOR220387. [PMID: 36641729 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of vitamin D are widespread in the world's population and associated with sun exposure, genetics, and lifestyles. Office workers in different occupational sectors seem more vulnerable than others. Scientific evidence reports a contribution of vitamin D in resistance to infections, opening to supplementation as a preventive action against pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE A pilot campaign in the workplace during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was conducted based on the preliminary measurement of vitamin D amount and its integration. METHODS A preventive action to contrast the deficiency of vitamin D was offered to a population of 700 bank employees. Vitamin D supplementation was performed between April and June 2021, on workers (n = 139) and showed 25(OH)D serum levels ≤ 30 ng/ml. Demographic, anthropometric and lifestyle information were collected by survey and changes in the serum 25(OH)D amounts were monitored. RESULTS The adherence of the target population to the prevention campaign was 21%. 75% of the enrolled workers had low levels of vitamin D. After the intervention, serum vitamin D levels increased (1.28-fold;p = 0.0001) and 80% of the subjects reported optimal values > 30 ng/ml. Only 2.9% reported slight flu-like symptoms, but only 0.7% was confirmed as COVID-19, with respect to a ten-fold higher incidence in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation can be achieved by simple and noninvasive approaches and can bring along further insights into health literacy on diet and lifestyles, representing an opportunity to protect the population by the widespread state of vitamin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Scaramucci
- Sant' Andrea Hospital A.O.U., Sapienza University of Rome, Rome,Italy
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27
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Marwaha RK, Verma M, Walekar A, Sonawane R, Trivedi C. An open-label, randomized, crossover study to evaluate the bioavailability of nanoemulsion versus conventional fat-soluble formulation of cholecalciferol in healthy participants. J Orthop 2023; 35:64-68. [PMID: 36407493 PMCID: PMC9672879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanoemulsion preparations of cholecalciferol available in the market claim to have better bioavailability than the conventional fat-soluble cholecalciferol. However, limited data are available in humans for such preparations. We, therefore, compared the relative bioavailability of two formulations of 60,000 IU cholecalciferol (nanoemulsion oral solution, water-miscible vitamin D3 [test] vs soft gelatin capsules [reference]) in healthy adult participants. Methods In this randomized, open-label, two sequence, single-dose, two-way crossover study (CTRI/2018/05/013839), Indian participants aged 18-45 years received single dose of nanoemulsion and capsule formulations, under fasting conditions. Blood samples collected over 120 h were assessed to determine cholecalciferol concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters (area under the concentration-time curve up to 120 h [AUC0-120h], maximum observed drug concentration [Cmax], time to reach maximum drug concentration [Tmax], terminal half-life [T½el], and terminal elimination rate constant [Kel]) were estimated using baseline corrected data and analyzed using analysis of variance. Results Among the 24 eligible participants, the relative bioavailability of nanoemulsion was significantly higher than the capsules by 36% (p = 0.0001) based on AUC0-120h. Similarly, Cmax of the nanoemulsion was significantly higher by 43% (p = 0.0001) than that of the capsules. The intra-participant variability for AUC0-120h and Cmax were 23.22% and 26.51%, respectively. The Tmax, T½el, and Kel were comparable for both the formulations. No adverse effects were noted with either of the two formulations. Conclusions Nanoemulsion oral solution of cholecalciferol showed a greater bioavailability compared with soft gelatin capsules, under fasting conditions, in healthy human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar Marwaha
- Consultant Endocrinologist and President, Society of Endocrine Health Care for Elderly, Adolescents and Children (SEHEAC), 92E/I, Ground Floor, Munirka Market, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manish Verma
- Medical Affairs, CHC, Sanofi India Limited, Sanofi House, CTS No.117-B, L&T Business Park, Saki Vihar Road, Powai, Mumbai, 400072, India
| | - Ajit Walekar
- Clinical Study Unit, Sanofi Healthcare India Private Limited, Sanofi House, CTS No.117-B, L&T Business Park, Saki Vihar Road, Powai, Mumbai, 400072, India
| | - Rakesh Sonawane
- Medical Affairs, CHC, Sanofi India Limited, Sanofi House, CTS No.117-B, L&T Business Park, Saki Vihar Road, Powai, Mumbai, 400072, India
| | - Chirag Trivedi
- Clinical Study Unit, Sanofi Healthcare India Private Limited, Sanofi House, CTS No.117-B, L&T Business Park, Saki Vihar Road, Powai, Mumbai, 400072, India
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Komarova TM, Vitovska OP, Komisarenko YI, Scholtz SK. VITAMIN D LEVEL AND ITS LINK WITH VISUAL ACUITY AND CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1173-1178. [PMID: 37364069 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202305206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: Determination of vitamin D level and its connection with visual functions in patients with age-related macular degeneration, dry form. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: We analyzed the data of studies (25(OH)D3 levels (nmol/l), LogMAR visual acuity and Logarithmic contrast sensitivity) of 2 groups of women of postmenopausal age: 1 group (58 people - 58 eyes) - patients with age-related macular degeneration (dry form) - study group; 2 group (29 people - 29 eyes) - people without ophthalmic pathology - control group. RESULTS Results: In the study group, 37 patients (63,8%) had vitamin D deficiency, 21 people (36,2%) had vitamin D insufficiency. In the control group, these figures were 69% and 31%, respectively. These indicators were defined as low (the normal supply of vitamin D is considered to be 100 nmol/l and more). Visual acuity due to ETDRS chart in the study group was 0,22±0,04 (in patients with vitamin D deficiency) and 0,12±0,03 (in patients with vitamin D insuffi¬ciency), in the control group - 0,13±0,04 and 0,05±0,04 respectively. In the control group, the logarithmic values of contrast sensitivity (log CS) were 1,58±0,04 log CS (in patients with vitamin D deficiency) and 1,62±0,02 log CS (in patients with vitamin D insufficiency). For patients from the study group, these figures were reduced to 0,98±0,1 log CS and 1,10±0,06 log CS respectively. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Patients with age-related macular degeneration, dry form, have low levels of vitamin D, with a predominance of its deficiency. It has been determined that with age-related macular degeneration, functional losses are observed when perceiving objects of low contrast.
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29
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Hosseini B, Tremblay CL, Longo C, Glochi S, White JH, Quach C, Ste-Marie LG, Platt RW, Ducharme FM. Oral vitamin D supplemental therapy to attain a desired serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in essential healthcare teams. Trials 2022; 23:1019. [PMID: 36527143 PMCID: PMC9756469 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study objectives were to ascertain the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in rapidly increasing serum vitamin D and of implementation of a hybrid (virtual and in-person) trial. METHODS In a randomized triple-blind controlled trial, healthcare workers were allocated to receive an oral bolus of 100,000 IU with 10,000 IU/week of vitamin D3 or placebo. The co-primary outcomes were the change from baseline in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [(Δ) 25(OH)D] and proportion with vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L), at endpoint. Adherence to supplements and procedures as well as adverse event rates were documented. RESULTS Thirty-four (19 intervention, 15 control) subjects were randomized, with 28 (41%) virtual visits. After 44.78 ± 11.00 days from baseline, a significant adjusted group difference of 44.2 (34.7, 53.8) nmol/L was observed in the Δ 25(OH)D (95% CI) in favor of supplementation; 77.8% of intervention, and 13.3% of control, patients were vitamin D sufficient (OR:6.11, 95% CI:1.6, 22.9). The adherence to intervention was 94.7% in the intervention and 100% in the control groups. Irrespective of visit type, high adherence was observed in sampling procedures and completion of fortnightly online questionnaire. No adverse events attributable to vitamin D were reported. CONCLUSION The vitamin D supplementation rapidly and safely raised 25(OH)D levels to sufficient levels for a biological effect. Similarly high adherence to study procedures was observed with virtual and in-person participation. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov on July 23, 2020 (# NCT04483635 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Hosseini
- grid.411418.90000 0001 2173 6322Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit On Childhood Asthma, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Cécile L. Tremblay
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cristina Longo
- grid.411418.90000 0001 2173 6322Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit On Childhood Asthma, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Department of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Shirin Glochi
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - John H. White
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Departments of Physiology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- grid.411418.90000 0001 2173 6322Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Georges Ste-Marie
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Robert W. Platt
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Francine M. Ducharme
- grid.411418.90000 0001 2173 6322Clinical Research and Knowledge Transfer Unit On Childhood Asthma, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Departments of Pediatrics and of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Amphansap T, Therdyothin A, Stitkitti N, Nitiwarangkul L, Phiphobmongkol V. Efficacy of plain cholecalciferol versus ergocalciferol in raising serum vitamin D level in Thai female healthcare workers. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2022; 8:145-151. [PMID: 36605166 PMCID: PMC9805961 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the efficacy of cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol in raising 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in Thai female healthcare workers. Methods A randomized control trial was conducted in healthy female healthcare workers. Randomization allocated the participants into vitamin D2 group (N = 43), receiving ergocalciferol 20,000 IU weekly and vitamin D3 group (N = 40), receiving cholecalciferol 1000 IU daily for 12 months. Venous blood sample was collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months for serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone and calcium. Compliance was also assessed. Results The mean age of the participants was 50.6 ± 9.9 and 50.9 ± 8.4 years in vitamin D2 and D3 groups (P = 0.884). The mean 25(OH)D levels were 16.91 ± 6.07 ng/mL and 17.62 ± 4.39 ng/mL (P = 0.547), respectively. Both groups had significant improvement in 25(OH)D level at 6 months (from 16.91 ± 6.07 to 21.67 ± 5.11 ng/mL and 17.62 ± 4.39 to 26.03 ± 6.59 ng/mL in vitamin D2 and D3 group). Improvement was significantly greater with cholecalciferol (P = 0.018). The level plateaued afterwards in both groups. Only cholecalciferol could increase 25(OH)D in participants without vitamin D deficiency (6.88 ± 4.20 ng/mL increment). Compliance was significantly better in vitamin D2 group (P = 0.025). Conclusions Daily cholecalciferol supplementation resulted in a larger increase in serum 25(OH)D level during the first 6 months comparing to weekly ergocalciferol. While vitamin D3 could increase serum 25(OH)D level in all participants, vitamin D2 could not do so in participants without vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atiporn Therdyothin
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, 492/1 Rama I Rd, Pathum Wan, Pathum Wan District, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Pedersen JE, Hansen J. Colorectal cancer and occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation in Denmark. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114260. [PMID: 36084677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Solar ultraviolet B radiation (UV) may reduce the risk of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), although the evidence is inconclusive. To contribute with evidence, the present largescale register-based nested case-control study aimed to investigate the association between occupational UV exposure and CRC in Denmark. METHODS The Danish Cancer Registry was used to identify a total of 12,268 men and women diagnosed with primary CRC before age 70. Five controls matched on year of birth and sex, alive and free of CRC at the time of diagnosis of the index case were randomly selected from The Danish Civil Registration System. Occupational UV exposure was assessed by obtainment of full employment history from the Danish Supplementary Pension Fund Register, which was linked to a job exposure matrix. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We observed an inverse association between longer duration of UV exposure and CRC in women (≥20 years: OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.69-1.03), while no noteworthy associations were observed in men. When focusing on colon cancer only, longer duration of UV exposure (>20 years: OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83-1.01) and higher cumulative UV exposure (highest exposure category: OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.99) were indicated to lower the risk in the study population including both men and women, although the risk reduction appeared to be more evident for women. No consistent risk patterns were observed for rectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a modest protective effect from long-term occupational UV exposure on the risk of colon cancer. The effect may be greater in women and these findings need further attention in future large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Particulate matter may have a limited influence on maternal vitamin D levels. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16807. [PMID: 36207476 PMCID: PMC9546910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for an association between the amount of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere and vitamin D status of pregnant women is limited. We aimed to examine the independent association between PM and maternal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) during the second trimester and to explore possible modifications to the association by meteorological factors. 27,768 pregnant women presenting for prenatal examination who were tested for serum 25OHD concentration during the second trimester between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020, were included in this retrospective analysis. Exposure to PM was evaluated based on daily average PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 10 μm (PM10). Corresponding meteorological data for daily average atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and wind speed were collected. The maximum cumulative effects of PM2.5 occurred at lag 45 days, and the maximum cumulative effects of PM10 occurred at lag 60 days. In crude models, 45-day moving daily average PM2.5 concentrations were negatively associated with 25OHD levels (β, − 0.20; 95% CI − 0.21 to − 0.19), as were 60-day moving daily average PM10 concentrations (β, − 0.14; 95% CI − 0.15 to − 0.14). After adjusting for temporal and meteorological factors, the effect values were drastically reduced (adjusted β of PM2.5, − 0.032; 95% CI − 0.046 to − 0.018; adjusted β of PM10, − 0.039; 95% CI − 0.049 to − 0.028). Our study showed there was a small, independent, negative association between PM in the atmosphere and maternal serum 25OHD levels during the second trimester of pregnancy after adjusting for temporal and/or meteorological factors, which indicates that PM may have a limited influence on maternal serum 25OHD levels. Besides taking vitamin D supplements, pregnant women should keep participating in outdoor activities while taking PM protection measures to improve their vitamin D levels when PM levels are high in winter and spring.
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Pedersen JE, Hansen J. Occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation and risk of prostate cancer in Danish men. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 80:102227. [PMID: 35933762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Former epidemiological studies have indicated that solar ultraviolet B radiation (UV) may reduce the risk of prostate cancer, however, the evidence is inconclusive. To contribute with evidence, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between occupational UV exposure and prostate cancer in Danish men. METHODS A total of 12,268 men diagnosed with primary prostate cancer before age 70 were identified via the Danish Cancer Registry. The Danish Civil Registration System was used to randomly select five male controls matched on year of birth, alive and free of prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis of the index case. Full individual-level employment history was retrieved from the Danish Supplementary Pension Fund Register and linked to a job exposure matrix to assess occupational UV exposure. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. RESULTS We observed an inverse association between ever exposure to occupational UV and prostate cancer (OR=0.93, 95 % CI: 0.89-0.97). Longer duration of exposure (≥20 years: OR=0.90, 95 % CI: 0.84-0.96) and highest cumulative exposure (OR=0.90, 95 % CI: 0.84-0.96) were both inversely associated with disease risk. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates a modest protective effect from occupational UV exposure on the risk of prostate cancer. This finding needs further attention in future large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Elbaek Pedersen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Martelli M, Salvio G, Santarelli L, Bracci M. Shift Work and Serum Vitamin D Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158919. [PMID: 35897284 PMCID: PMC9332580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent conditions worldwide due to several factors, including poor sun exposure. Shift workers may be exposed to the risk of hypovitaminosis D due to fewer opportunities for sunlight exposure compared to day workers. A systematic review of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to investigate the effect of shift work on vitamin D levels. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of serum 25-OH-D levels in shift workers and non-shift workers were calculated. A total of 13 cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analysis. We found significantly lower levels of serum 25-OH-D in shift workers compared with non-shift workers (MD: −1.85, 95% CI [−2.49 to −1.21]). Heterogeneity among included studies was high (I2 = 89%, p < 0.0001), and neither subgroup analysis nor meta-regression were able to identify specific sources of the heterogeneity that may be related to the different characteristics of shift work among studies. The monitoring of serum vitamin D levels and prompt correction of any deficiencies should be considered in shift workers. Notably, since a large part of the observations are derived from Koreans, larger epidemiological studies are needed in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Martelli
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Endocrinology Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Occupational Health, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (M.B.)
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Jeon YS, Yu S, Kim C, Lee HJ, Yoon IY, Kim T. Lower Serum Calcium Levels Associated with Disrupted Sleep and Rest–Activity Rhythm in Shift Workers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153021. [PMID: 35893875 PMCID: PMC9331058 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in many developed countries, and several studies suggest that vitamin D plays an essential role in brain function. A recent study showed that vitamin D deficiency was closely associated with daytime sleepiness and shorter sleep time. The relationshipbetween vitamin D levels and calcium levels is well established, and calcium level regulates slow-wave sleep generation. It is conceivable that the sleep disturbance in vitamin D deficiency may be due to an altered calcium level. Nonetheless, calcium levels, sleep disturbances, and activity rhythms have not been investigated directly. Therefore, we hypothesized that calcium and vitamin D levels might be important in regulating sleep and activity rhythm, and we analyzed the correlation with calcium levels by actigraphy analysis. Interestingly, a negative correlation was found between calcium level and sleep latency, total sleep time, use of sleep medicine, and daytime dysfunction among shift workers. In contrast, non-shift workers showed a negative correlation between the calcium level and the circadian phase. These findings suggest that low serum calcium levels may disrupt sleep–wake control and rest–activity rhythm, even if they are within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Seon Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (S.Y.); (C.K.)
- Current affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seungyeong Yu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (S.Y.); (C.K.)
| | - Chaeyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (S.Y.); (C.K.)
| | - Hyuk Joo Lee
- Department of Public Medical Service, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea; (Y.-S.J.); (S.Y.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-715-5363
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Dietary vitamin D intake in low ultraviolet irradiation seasons is associated with a better nutritional status of vitamin D in Korean adults according to the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res 2022; 105:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Santana KVDSD, Oliver SL, Mendes MM, Lanham-New S, Charlton KE, Ribeiro H. Association between vitamin D status and lifestyle factors in Brazilian women: Implications of Sun Exposure Levels, Diet, and Health. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 47:101400. [PMID: 35497056 PMCID: PMC9043392 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been documented to be prevalent, even in low latitude regions; and this may be related to sun exposure behaviors. The aim of the current study was to assess the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and lifestyle-related factors in a sample of Brazilian women living at latitude 21º 8' S. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 101 women aged 35 years or older in July 2019 to assess the association between 25(OH)D concentration and level of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and physical activity levels. Age, body mass index (BMI), and postmenopausal status were investigated. FINDINGS According to the slope coefficient for individual daily UVR levels, the concentration of 25(OH)D increased by 5 nmol / L for each extra Standard Erythema Dose of UVR, regardless of age and BMI (p < 0·001). Postmenopausal women had a significantly higher mean concentration of 25(OH)D (p = 0·01), higher UVR exposure (p = 0·01) and lower BMI (p = 0·005) compared with younger women, independent of other confounders including smoking, alcohol, occupation and physical activity. INTERPRETATION Although postmenopausal women from Brazil had higher mean concentrations of 25(OH)D than younger women, more studies are necessary to understand how sun exposure and lifestyle variables interfere with these levels. These findings have important public health implications since they suggest that vitamin D deficiency in older age is not inevitable. FUNDING This study was funded by an award received by Universities Global Partnership Network - UGPN. KVSS and SLO receive scholarship from CAPES, Brazilian Ministry of Education. HR receives a productivity grant from CNPq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Valente de Souza de Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Global e Sustentabilidade, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sofia Lizarralde Oliver
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Moraes Mendes
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Lanham-New
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Charlton
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia NSW and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia NSW
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kalichuran S, van Blydenstein SA, Venter M, Omar S. Vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity. S Afr J Infect Dis 2022; 37:359. [PMID: 35546959 PMCID: PMC9082083 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age, body mass index (BMI) and pre-existing comorbidities are known risk factors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study we explore the relationship between vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity. Methods We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study. We enrolled 100 COVID-19 positive patients admitted to a tertiary level hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. Fifty had symptomatic disease (COVID-19 pneumonia) and 50 who were asymptomatic (incidental diagnosis). Following written informed consent, patients were interviewed regarding age, gender and sunlight exposure during the past week, disease severity, BMI, calcium, albumin, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase levels. Finally, blood was collected for vitamin D measurement. Results We found an 82% prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency among COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D levels were lower in the symptomatic group (18.1 ng/mL ± 8.1 ng/mL) than the asymptomatic group (25.9 ng/mL ± 7.1 ng/mL) with a p-value of 0.000. The relative risk of symptomatic COVID-19 was 2.5-fold higher among vitamin D deficient patients than vitamin D non-deficient patients (confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–3.26). Additional predictors of symptomatic disease were older age, hypocalcaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Using multiple regression, the only independent predictors of COVID-19 severity were age and vitamin D levels. The patients exposed to less sunlight had a 2.39-fold increased risk for symptomatic disease compared to those with more sunlight exposure (CI: 1.32–4.33). Conclusion We found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and an increased risk for symptomatic disease in vitamin D deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senrina Kalichuran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah A. van Blydenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michelle Venter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shahed Omar
- Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Critical Care, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Amos A, Razzaque MS. Zinc and its role in vitamin D function. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:203-207. [PMID: 35570853 PMCID: PMC9095729 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential mineral with an important relationship with vitamin D. Studies have found that reduced blood zinc levels could predict vitamin D deficiency in adolescent girls, while zinc supplementation increased vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women. In vitro studies using human peritoneal macrophages have found that zinc induced the release of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). Zinc also acts as a cofactor for vitamin D functions, as the transcriptional activity of vitamin D-dependent genes relies on zinc to exert pleiotropic functions, including mineral ion regulation. Vitamin D could also induce zinc transporters to regulate zinc homeostasis. Together, zinc and vitamin D in adequate concentrations help maintain a healthy musculoskeletal system and beyond; however, deficiency in either of these nutrients can result in various disorders affecting almost all body systems. This brief article will focus on the role of zinc in vitamin D functions.
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de Menezes Júnior LAA, Fajardo VC, de Freitas SN, Machado-Coelho GLL, de Oliveira FLP, do Nascimento Neto RM, Meireles AL. Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2022; 27:727-735. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koh D, Park J, Lee S, Kim H, Jung H, Kim I, Choi S, Park D. Assessment of sunlight exposure across industries and occupations using blood vitamin D as a biomarker. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12318. [PMID: 35152501 PMCID: PMC8841173 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight induces the production of essential vitamin D, whereas overexposure to sunlight leads to skin cancer. Sunlight exposure has been measured using questionnaires, dosimeters, and vitamin D levels. Several studies have measured vitamin D in the working population; however, these studies were limited to certain occupations such as farmers and construction workers. In the present study, we evaluated sunlight exposure using blood vitamin D as an exposure surrogate across industries and occupations. Methods The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a nationwide study representing the Korean population. We analyzed data from KNHANES between 2008 and 2009. We examined the association between vitamin D levels and pertinent personal, seasonal, residential, and occupational factors. Furthermore, we developed a multiple regression model with factors other than occupational factors (industry and occupation) and obtained residual values. We computed the third quartile (Q3) of the residuals and then calculated the fractions exceeding the Q3 level for each combination of industry and occupation. Results Age, sex, body mass index, year, season, latitude, living area, living in an apartment, industry, and occupation were significantly associated with vitamin D levels. Based on the exceeding fraction, the armed forces showed the highest exceeding fraction level of 0.71. Conclusions Our results present the high exposure groups to sunlight across industries and occupations. Our results may provide a source for prioritizing occupational groups with a high risk of adverse health effects from sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Hee Koh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine International St. Mary’s Hospital Catholic Kwandong University Incheon Korea
| | - Ju‐Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics Dongguk University Seoul Korea
| | - Sang‐Gil Lee
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency Ulsan Korea
| | - Hwan‐Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Inha University Incheon Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine International St. Mary’s Hospital Catholic Kwandong University Incheon Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea
| | - Sangjun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Donguk Park
- Department of Environmental Health Korea National Open University Seoul Korea
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Goswami S, Agrawal N, Sengupta N, Baidya A, Sahana PK. Absence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Outdoor Workers With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Southern West Bengal, India. Cureus 2022; 14:e22107. [PMID: 35308667 PMCID: PMC8920821 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread globally and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies suggest markedly lower prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in outdoor workers compared to indoor workers. However, data on the vitamin D status of outdoor workers with T2DM is lacking. Aims: We assessed the vitamin D status of outdoor workers with T2DM residing across several districts of Southern West Bengal, India. Design: The present study is a descriptive observational study. Material and methods: A total of 128 outdoor workers with T2DM were assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during December 2019 after excluding common confounders except sun exposure (which was detailed using a questionnaire). Hospital staff were indoor controls, and vitamin D status was classified as per the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D of outdoor workers with T2DM was 21.79 ± 6.31 ng/mL, with only 2.34% (n = 3) having vitamin D deficiency and 57.03% (n = 73) having sufficient serum 25(OH)D levels. The mean serum 25(OH)D of indoor controls was significantly lower at 16.67 ± 9.82 ng/mL (p = 0.003), with 33.33% being vitamin D deficient. Serum 25(OH)D in outdoor workers with T2DM did not have a significant correlation with indices of sun exposure. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is practically absent in outdoor workers with T2DM residing in Southern West Bengal, India.
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Karonova TL, Chernikova AT, Golovatyuk KA, Bykova ES, Grant WB, Kalinina OV, Grineva EN, Shlyakhto EV. Vitamin D Intake May Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Infection Morbidity in Health Care Workers. Nutrients 2022; 14:505. [PMID: 35276863 PMCID: PMC8839300 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 2 years, observational studies have shown that a low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level affected the severity of infection with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to analyze the potential effect of vitamin D supplementation in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection morbidity and severity in health care workers. Of 128 health care workers, 91 (consisting of 38 medical doctors (42%), 38 nurses (42%), and 15 medical attendants (16%)) were randomized into two groups receiving vitamin D supplementation. Participants of group I (n = 45) received water-soluble cholecalciferol at a dose of 50,000 IU/week for 2 consecutive weeks, followed by 5000 IU/day for the rest of the study. Participants of group II (n = 46) received water-soluble cholecalciferol at a dose of 2000 IU/day. For both groups, treatment lasted 3 months. Baseline serum 25(OH)D level in health care workers varied from 3.0 to 65.1 ng/mL (median, 17.7 (interquartile range, 12.2; 24.7) ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and normal vitamin D status were diagnosed in 60%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Only 78 subjects completed the study. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with an increase in serum 25(OH)D level, but only intake of 5000 IU/day was accompanied by normalization of serum 25(OH)D level, which occurred in 53% of cases. Neither vitamin D intake nor vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency were associated with a decrease in SARS-CoV-2 morbidity (odds ratio = 2.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 7.12). However, subjects receiving high-dose vitamin D had only asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 in 10 (26%) cases; at the same time, participants who received 2000 IU/day showed twice as many SARS-CoV-2 cases, with mild clinical features in half of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L. Karonova
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.T.C.); (K.A.G.); (E.S.B.); (O.V.K.); (E.N.G.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Alena T. Chernikova
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.T.C.); (K.A.G.); (E.S.B.); (O.V.K.); (E.N.G.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Ksenia A. Golovatyuk
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.T.C.); (K.A.G.); (E.S.B.); (O.V.K.); (E.N.G.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Bykova
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.T.C.); (K.A.G.); (E.S.B.); (O.V.K.); (E.N.G.); (E.V.S.)
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA;
| | - Olga V. Kalinina
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.T.C.); (K.A.G.); (E.S.B.); (O.V.K.); (E.N.G.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Elena N. Grineva
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.T.C.); (K.A.G.); (E.S.B.); (O.V.K.); (E.N.G.); (E.V.S.)
| | - Evgeny V. Shlyakhto
- Clinical Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (A.T.C.); (K.A.G.); (E.S.B.); (O.V.K.); (E.N.G.); (E.V.S.)
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Yang J, Dong Y, Naugler CT, de Koning L. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of cancer in a large community population under investigation for cardiovascular disease: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056543. [PMID: 35046006 PMCID: PMC8772408 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It remains unclear whether vitamin D status is related to cancer risk. We examined this relationship using laboratory, administrative and survey data. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING All care settings within Calgary, Alberta, Canada and surrounding rural communities. PARTICIPANTS Patients tested for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D from 2009 to 2013 without a past cancer diagnosis but with an ECG and body mass index ±3 months from testing were included. Age, sex, mean hours of daylight during month of testing were linked to census dissemination area-level indicators of socioeconomic status measured in 2011. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Hospital discharge diagnoses for any cancer, major cancer (colorectal, breast, lung, prostate, skin) and other cancers >3 months from testing from 2009 to 2016. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations with incident cancer after adjusting for potential confounders. Interactions were tested using multiplicative terms. RESULTS Among 72 171 patients, there were 3439 cancer diagnoses over a median of 5.9 years. After adjustment, increasing quartile of serum 25-OH vitamin D was significantly associated with an increased risk of any cancer and major cancer, however this was completely driven by an increased risk of skin cancer (Q4 vs Q1: HR=2.56, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.86, p for linear trend <0.01). This association was strengthened among individuals residing in communities with higher proportions of non-citizens, recent immigrants, visible (non-white) minorities and those not speaking an official Canadian language (English or French) at home. CONCLUSIONS Higher vitamin D status was associated with a greater risk of skin cancer in a large community population under investigation for cardiovascular disease. This association was likely due to sun exposure and may be modified by community variation in vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yuan Dong
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher T Naugler
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lawrence de Koning
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Osaki Y, Kuwahara K, Hu H, Nakagawa T, Yamamoto S, Honda T, Mizoue T. Shift work and the onset of type 2 diabetes: results from a large-scale cohort among Japanese workers. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1659-1664. [PMID: 34263404 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Data are limited regarding how shift work is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, especially among workers at high risk of diabetes. We examined the risk of diabetes according to shift-work conditions over several years among Japanese adults. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 17,515 workers (age 40-78 years). Shift work was self-reported at annual health examinations over time from 2004 to 2017 and categorized as shift workers or non-shift workers. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose, random glucose, HbA1c, and self-reported use of antidiabetic medications. The association of shift work and diabetes was quantified using Cox regression. RESULTS During a follow-up of 8.1 years in median, 2071 incident cases of diabetes were documented. Compared with non-shift work, shift work showed a significantly elevated hazard ratios of developing diabetes. Shift work showed a 19% (95% confidence intervals: 3-37%) higher hazard ratios for diabetes, after adjustment for demographic-, cardiometabolic-, and work-related factors. Further adjustment for lifestyle factors and body mass index did not materially change this association (a 16% increase; 95% confidence intervals, 1-34%). This relationship was replicated among workers with prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS Engaging in shift work may increase the risk of developing diabetes independently of lifestyle factors and body mass index, even among prediabetic workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Air pollutants are negatively associated with vitamin D-synthesizing UVB radiation intensity on the ground. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21480. [PMID: 34728744 PMCID: PMC8563978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric levels of pollutants may reduce the UVB intensity at the earth's surface, with a subsequent reduction in cutaneous vitamin D synthesis. We investigated the association of various pollutants with UVB intensity on the ground. Four-year data obtained from four weather stations from across Kuwait were analyzed by median regression. Pollutants that were negatively associated with UVB were [β (95% CI)]: benzene [- 2.61 (- 4.13, - 1.09)], ethyl-benzene [- 2.20 (- 3.15, - 1.25)], ozone [- 0.23 (- 0.28, - 0.17)], nitric oxide [- 0.11 (- 0.15, - 0.06)], sulfur dioxide [- 0.10 (- 0.17, - 0.04)] and particulate matter PM10 [- 0.002 (- 0.003, - 0.002)]. Pollutants that were negatively associated with the UVB/UVA ratio were [β (95% CI)]: benzene [- 15.57 (- 24.94, - 6.20)], nitric oxide [- 0.53 (- 0.81, - 0.25)], ozone [- 0.38 (- 0.70, - 0.06)], and total hydrocarbon [- 0.02 (- 0.04, - 0.01)]. Furthermore, benzene and nitric oxide levels were higher in the morning and evening hours, which are the times of most solar exposure in this region due to high temperature during midday. In addition to other known factors, attenuation of UVB by these pollutants may contribute to lower vitamin D levels in populations. In addition to direct public health hazard, these pollutants may contribute to the very high prevalence of VDD in this region.
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Pang Y, Kim O, Choi JA, Jung H, Kim J, Lee H, Lee H. Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in south Korean childbearing women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:218. [PMID: 34724924 PMCID: PMC8559402 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate levels of vitamin D are important for women of childbearing age as vitamin D helps maintain the pregnancy and ensures proper maternal and fetal bone metabolism and fetal skeletal development. However, vitamin D deficiency is a health problem prevalent in women of all ages, worldwide. This study aimed to determine the current status of serum vitamin D levels and the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency among South Korean nurses of childbearing age. Methods Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were measured in 1594 registered nurses aged 20 to 45 years who are participants in an ongoing prospective cohort study of the Korean Nurses’ Health Study initiated in 2013. The participants completed surveys about demographic and occupational characteristics and physical and psychological health. We examined associations with vitamin D deficiency through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The average blood 25(OH) D concentration of the participants was 12.92 ng/mL (4.0–63.4 ng/mL), while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL) was 89% (1419/1594). Multivariable logistic regression showed that significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency included month of sampling (there was a lower level of vitamin D deficiency in winter than in spring, summer, or fall), age (women in their 20s had a lower vitamin D level than those in their 30s and 40s), and stress symptoms. Vitamin D levels were not associated with body mass index, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Conclusions This study showed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korean female nurses. Serum levels of vitamin D were associated with age and season. Vitamin D deficiency should be recognized as one of the primary health concerns among young women. More proactive actions, such as vitamin D supplements and food fortification, are needed to improve vitamin D deficiency in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghee Pang
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oksoo Kim
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Ewha Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Choi
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heeja Jung
- College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jui Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Strategy and Planning, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Nursing, Ansan University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Haeok Lee
- College of Nursing and Health Science, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Response to Zhai and Tang. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:2144. [PMID: 34404081 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang Y, Huang X, Wu Y, Li A, Tian Y, Ren M, Li Z, Zhang T, Wu H, Wang W. Increased Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency Among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:722032. [PMID: 34490331 PMCID: PMC8418196 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.722032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a heavy burden worldwide. Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, its deficiency is also a global health problem. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis and systemic review to compare differences between HIV-infected subjects and non-HIV-infected subjects. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library. We extracted data, including demographic information, study type, vitamin D-related values, and HIV-related values, ultimately including 15 studies after removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts and finally performing a meta-analysis in terms of vitamin D level and vitamin D deficiency prevalence. Results: Regarding VDD prevalence, the HIV vs. the non-HIV group had an odds ratio of 1.502 (95% CI, 1.023–2.205; P = 0.038). In the subgroup analysis, the odds ratios were 1.647 (95% CI, 1.020–2.659; P = 0.041; I2 = 94.568) from 7 studies (age over 40), 2.120 (95% CI, 1.122–4.008; P = 0.021; I2 = 0.000) from 2 studies (BMI less than or equal to 25), 1.805 (95% CI, 1.373–2.372; P = 0.042; I2 = 74.576) from 7 studies (latitude <40), 2.120 (95% CI, 1.122–4.088; P = 0.021; I2 = 0.000) from 2 studies (only included male participants), and 2.296 (95% CI, 1.287–4.097; P = 0.005; I2 = 19.927) from 3 studies (only included ART-experienced participants). Thirteen studies were deemed to have moderate quality, while two had high quality. Conclusions: HIV infected subjects are prone to have VDD compared with general population. ART, older age, lower BMI, lower latitude and male sex may present risk factors for VDD in PLWH. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=228096.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aixin Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Tian
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixin Ren
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Prothero LS, Foster T. A survey-based evaluation of ambulance staff awareness of vitamin D and risk of deficiency in a UK ambulance service. Br Paramed J 2021; 6:40-48. [PMID: 34539254 PMCID: PMC8415213 DOI: 10.29045/14784726.2021.9.6.2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professions, shift-working and indoor-working are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this survey was to investigate ambulance staff awareness of vitamin D, and the risks associated with deficiency, to inform the need for appropriate well-being resources. METHODS A purpose-designed, 20-question survey was developed, based on a validated vitamin D questionnaire, to explore staff vitamin D knowledge and self-health in one UK ambulance service. Disseminated during June/July 2020, survey completion was voluntary, and responses obtained were analysed using descriptive and thematic approaches. RESULTS A total of 384 survey responses were received; 41% (n = 156) of respondents were male. Over half worked within emergency operational service delivery (57%; n = 219). Respondents were predominantly 'White British' (92%; n = 352). According to the Fitzpatrick Scale, most described themselves as having a 'Medium, between white to moderate brown: sometimes mild burns, gradual tan' complexion (47%; n = 182). The majority felt they got sufficient sunlight exposure when at home (66%; n = 253), but not at work (58%; n = 222). Almost one fifth (17%; n = 66) had received a diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency. Forty percent took vitamin D supplements: 12% (n = 45) as advised by a medical professional; 28% (n = 107) self-directed to prevent deficiency. The ability of respondents to recognise known factors that affect vitamin D production in the skin, good vitamin D food sources and individuals at risk of vitamin D deficiency were variable. Respondents commented on their lack of vitamin D awareness, vitamin supplementation, COVID-19, work arrangements and access to sunlight. CONCLUSIONS Ambulance staff are at risk of vitamin D deficiency irrespective of their role: vitamin D awareness, access to sunlight and use of vitamin D supplements are variable. For affected individuals, the impact of vitamin D deficiency can be significant, requiring absence from work. The development of appropriate vitamin D and well-being resources appears to be warranted.
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