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Compton RJ, Shudrenko D, Ng E, Mann K, Turdukulov E. Adversity and error-monitoring: Effects of emotional context. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14644. [PMID: 38963045 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study tested whether self-reports of childhood adversity would predict altered error processing under emotional versus non-emotional task conditions. N = 99 undergraduates completed two selective attention tasks, a traditional color-word Stroop task and a modified task using emotional words, while EEG was recorded. Participants also completed self-report measures of adverse and positive childhood experiences, executive functioning, depression, current stress, and emotion regulation. Reports of adversity were robustly correlated with self-reported challenges in executive functioning, even when controlling for self-reported depression and stress, but adversity was not correlated with task performance. With regard to neural markers of error processing, adversity predicted an enhanced error-related negativity and blunted error-positivity, but only during the emotion-word blocks of the task. Moreover, error-related changes in alpha oscillations were predicted by adversity, in a pattern that suggested less error responsiveness in alpha patterns during the emotion block, compared to the color block, among participants with higher adversity. Overall, results indicate alterations in error monitoring associated with adversity, such that in an emotional context, initial error detection is enhanced and sustained error processing is blunted, even in the absence of overt performance changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Compton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danylo Shudrenko
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Ng
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katelyn Mann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emil Turdukulov
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
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Willis MC, Jeffries J, Barrett AR, Swearer SM. The impact of positive and adverse childhood experiences on social connectedness in young adults. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 247:106033. [PMID: 39137506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Establishing and maintaining social relationships is a critical developmental milestone for adolescents and young adults and can be disrupted by childhood adversities. Adverse and positive childhood experiences (ACEs and PCEs, respectively) represent independent, yet critical, domains that support the exploration of positive and adverse childhood experiences (PACEs) as pathways to social connection. Recent research has examined the impact of COVID-19 on child development. The current study expands on existing research by examining the effects that PACEs clusters and high school enrollment during COVID-19 had on social connectedness. Young adults (N = 211; Mage = 20.97 years, SD = 2.14) completed an online survey examining social functioning and childhood experiences. Two measures comprised PACEs: Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) scale and Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire. An adapted Berkman-Syme Social Network Index measured social connection. High school enrollment during COVID-19 was determined by graduation year. Cluster analyses identified three PACEs profiles: (1) high BCEs/low ACEs (74.9%), (2) moderate BCEs/high ACEs (14.7%), and (3) low BCEs/moderate ACEs (10.4%). Regression analyses showed that High Risk/High Protection (β = -3.326, p = .001) and Moderate Risk/Moderate Protection (β = -4.845, p < .001) profiles had significantly fewer social connections than the Low Risk/High Protection profile. High school enrollment at the COVID-19 onset did not predict social connection (β = 0.067, p = .305). Implications include clinicians considering PACEs when forming a holistic view of clients and integrating positive contexts into adversity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie C Willis
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Jay Jeffries
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Amanda R Barrett
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Susan M Swearer
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Liu H, Li H, Huang L, Tian H, Wu J, Guan Q, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yang Z, Peng L. The link between childhood physical activity enjoyment and adult kinesiophobia in individuals with chronic low back pain. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2557. [PMID: 39300388 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood physical activity enjoyment and current kinesiophobia among individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP), considering the mediating influence of adult physical activity. METHODS We recruited 648 adults (474 males, 174 females) with CLBP through an online platform. Of these, 99.1% (n = 642) were aged 18-60 years, and 0.9% (n = 6) were older than 60 years. Childhood physical activity enjoyment was retrospectively assessed using a single-item question to gauge participants' enjoyment during primary school. Kinesiophobia was measured with the 11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and physical activity was assessed focusing on walking, moderate, and vigorous physical activities. Age, sex, education, and income served as control variables in the analysis. RESULTS A significant negative association was found between childhood physical activity enjoyment and adult kinesiophobia. Additionally, childhood physical activity enjoyment was positively associated with adult physical activity across the three types of physical activities. In the adjusted mediation model, walking was identified as the only statistically significant partial mediator. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the long-term protective role of childhood physical activity enjoyment against the development of kinesiophobia in adulthood. Walking, in particular, holds unique therapeutic potential, emphasizing the importance of fostering physical activity enjoyment early in life for sustained physical activity and reduced risk of kinesiophobia among CLBP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haodong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinwen Guan
- Institute of Physical Education, Southwest Petroleum University, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Blackwell CK, Cella D, Mansolf M. Intergenerational transmission of adverse and positive childhood experiences and associations with child well-being. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 157:107050. [PMID: 39303434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to offspring adversity and poor health outcomes, but little is known about whether and to what extent parental positive childhood experiences (PCEs) influence offspring positive experiences and well-being. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between parent and child ACEs and PCEs and their impact on child well-being and psychopathology. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A national sample of n = 1016 US parents of 1-5-year-olds completed online surveys in September 2019. METHODS Mediation analysis in a path modeling framework was used with stratified probability weights for generalizability to the US population. RESULTS Each additional parent PCE equated to 0.32 (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.45) increase in child PCEs and each additional parent ACE equated to 0.18 (95 % CI: 0.06, 0.31) increase in child PCEs and 0.13 (95 % CI: 0.08, 0.18) increase in child ACEs. In turn, an increase in 1 child PCE was associated with 0.10-0.16 SD increase in well-being and 0.06-0.10 decrease in psychopathology, and each additional child ACE equated to 0.10-0.18 SD increase in psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Results support the intergenerational transmission of PCEs and ACEs, advancing understanding of the role that parent PCEs play in promoting child PCEs and fostering child well-being. Findings underscore the importance of extending clinical surveillance of ACEs to include PCEs in pediatric and adult healthcare settings. Dual-generation programs that address the negative consequences of parental ACEs may be able to increase their impact by adding a parallel emphasis on PCEs and providing parents with tools to foster PCEs in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Blackwell
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - David Cella
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Mansolf
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Kayiranga D, Mukamana D, Gishoma D, Relf MV. "Successful Living" Among Adolescents With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2024; 35:376-387. [PMID: 39196685 PMCID: PMC11356674 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The concept of successful living in the context of adolescents with HIV lacks clarity and is unexplored. Without a common understanding of successful living among adolescents with HIV (AWH) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), health care interventions focusing on this population may continue to fall short, resulting in avoidable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this analysis used Rodgers Evolutionary Concept Analysis method to identify attributes, antecedents, consequences, and related concepts of successful living among AWH in SSA. Health care interventions are encouraged to promote successful living among AWH to achieve behavioral and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonne Kayiranga
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, and is a Visiting Scholar, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is a Professor of Mental Health Nursing, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Michael V. Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is the Interim Dean and Mary T. Champagne Distinguished Professor, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donatilla Mukamana
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, and is a Visiting Scholar, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is a Professor of Mental Health Nursing, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Michael V. Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is the Interim Dean and Mary T. Champagne Distinguished Professor, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darius Gishoma
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, and is a Visiting Scholar, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is a Professor of Mental Health Nursing, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Michael V. Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is the Interim Dean and Mary T. Champagne Distinguished Professor, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael V. Relf
- Dieudonne Kayiranga, MSN, RN, is an Assistant Lecturer and PhD Student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda, and is a Visiting Scholar, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Donatilla Mukamana, PhD, RMHN, FAAN, is a Professor of Mental Health Nursing, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Darius Gishoma, PhD, RMHN, is an Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Mental Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. Michael V. Relf, PhD, RN, AACRN, ANEF, FAAN, is the Interim Dean and Mary T. Champagne Distinguished Professor, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Merrick JS, Narayan AJ. A replication and extension of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences along with contemporaneous social support and sociodemographic stress for perinatal mental health problems. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39169778 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942400097x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
This study replicated and extended Narayan and colleagues' (2018) original benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) study. We examined associations between adverse and positive childhood experiences and mental health problems in a second sample of low-income, ethnically diverse pregnant individuals (replication). We also examined effects of childhood experiences on perinatal mental health problems while accounting for contemporaneous support and stress (extension). Participants were 175 pregnant individuals (M = 28.07 years, SD = 5.68, range = 18-40; 38.9% White, 25.7% Latina, 16.6% Black, 12.0% biracial/multiracial, 6.8% other) who completed standardized instruments on BCEs, childhood maltreatment and exposure to family dysfunction, sociodemographic stress, and perinatal depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. They completed the Five-Minute Speech Sample at pregnancy and postpartum to assess social support from the other biological parent. Higher family dysfunction predicted higher prenatal depression symptoms, while higher BCEs and prenatal social support predicted lower prenatal PTSD symptoms. Prenatal depression and prenatal PTSD symptoms were the most robust predictors of postnatal depression and PTSD symptoms, respectively, although higher postnatal social support also predicted lower postnatal PTSD symptoms. Findings replicated many patterns found in the original BCEs study and indicated that contemporaneous experiences are also associated with perinatal mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S Merrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Almeida TC, Cardoso J, Matos AF, Murça A, Cunha O. Adverse childhood experiences and aggression in adulthood: The moderating role of positive childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106929. [PMID: 38968757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a significant impact on a person's psychological development and predispose them to various harmful consequences in adulthood, such as different forms of aggression. Contrarily, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) operate as protective factors, buffering against the adverse effects of ACEs and promoting adaptive behaviors and psychological well-being. However, the role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression remains relatively unexplored. OBJECTIVE To explore the moderation role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and aggression and its different components across sexes in a community sample. METHODS A sample of 1541 Portuguese adults answered an online protocol with a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, the Childhood History Questionnaire, and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. RESULTS ACEs were positively correlated with aggression, including physical and verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, with women reporting a higher prevalence of ACEs and higher levels of anger. Men revealed higher scores in physical and verbal aggression. Furthermore, moderation analyses clarified the moderating effect of PCEs on the relationship between ACEs and aggression in women and between ACEs and anger in both sexes. PCEs attenuate the adverse impact of ACEs, reducing aggression and anger levels. CONCLUSIONS This study stresses the complex interplay between childhood experiences and adult aggression, highlighting the differential effects of ACEs and PCEs across men and women. By clarifying these dynamics, interventions can be tailored to bolster protective factors like PCEs. This will ultimately foster healthier developmental trajectories and reduce the prevalence of aggression in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Catarina Almeida
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Cardoso
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Murça
- Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal
| | - Olga Cunha
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Porto, Portugal
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Wu L, Dai Z, Yang X, Tang J, Fang J, Huang J, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Chen L. Linkages between childhood emotional maltreatment and adulthood marital attitudes among rural first-generation college students in China: A latent profile analysis and multigroup comparisons. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106918. [PMID: 38955052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is a wealth of evidence indicating the enduring consequences of childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) on social and relational functioning across life stages, little known about how CEM affects marital attitudes in emerging adulthood, particularly among rural first-generation college students (rural FGCS) at the critical stage of developing romantic relationships. OBJECTIVE To explore whether differential patterns of CEM existed among rural FGCS in China during emerging adulthood. Furthermore, the study aims to examine the potential differences in the chain mediating role of CEM on the pathway to adulthood marital attitudes across different CEM profiles. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Using a cluster sampling approach, a total of 3848 rural first-generation college freshmen (males = 39.2 %, mean age = 18.42 years) were recruited from three universities in China. METHODS Latent profile analysis was utilized to identify potential patterns of CEM using Mplus version 7.4. Structural equation modeling and multigroup comparisons were then performed to investigate the association between CEM and attitudes towards marriage in emerging adulthood, utilizing AMOS 24.0. RESULTS Three profiles of CEM was identified among rural FGCS: a low-CEM group (51.87 %), a moderate-CEM group (36.69 %), and a severe-CEM group (11.44 %). The association between CEM and adulthood marital attitudes was mediated by core self-evaluation and meaning in life. However, the mediation effects varied across the three CEM profiles. In the low-CEM group, core self-evaluation and meaning in life were observed to partially mediate the negative association between CEM and adulthood marital attitudes. On the other hand, in the moderate-CEM and severe-CEM groups, the relationship between CEM and adulthood marital attitudes was fully mediated by core self-evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The study's findings suggest that CEM is a significant predictor of marital attitudes among rural FGCS during emerging adulthood, with the severity of emotional neglect and abuse being the primary distinguishing factor between different CEM profiles. Core self-evaluation plays an important role in this relationship. Future clinical interventions could benefit from focusing on enhancing core self-evaluation and meaning in life, particularly for those with CEM experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheru Dai
- Student Affairs Department, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Fang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawen Zheng
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Lishui Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Li Chen
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Hosoda C, YunFeng Z, Watanabe J, Maruya K, Tabuchi R, Hosokawa K, Matsuhashi T. The importance of childhood social capitals in the future well-being of children. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1389269. [PMID: 39118841 PMCID: PMC11308988 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1389269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elucidating the enduring effects of childhood social capital is vital for shaping future well-being. Here, we investigate the impact of childhood social capital (SC) and parental engagement on adult psychological well-being and cognitive performance. Methods Utilizing a cohort of 292 Japanese university students, we assessed the influences of SC and parental time during childhood on adult outcomes. Participants retrospectively reported their early childhood experiences, focusing on social interactions and parental involvement. Results Our findings reveal a significant positive correlation between childhood SC and adult subjective well-being, particularly in its positive dimensions. Additionally, maternal involvement during childhood is associated with cognitive abilities in adulthood, as measured by Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis highlights the substantial impact of childhood SC on adult well-being, elucidating the intricate interplay between social and parental contributions to developmental trajectories. Discussion These results highlight the crucial roles of both parental and non-parental figures in fostering social, emotional, and cognitive development from childhood to adulthood, underscoring the importance of nurturing supportive relationships throughout early life to promote positive developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Hosoda
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Zhang YunFeng
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junji Watanabe
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruya
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rokuro Tabuchi
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenchi Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuto Matsuhashi
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Tavares KL, Tsotsoros CE. The Relation Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Behaviors in Adult Women. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:778-786. [PMID: 38266029 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241229829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) influence health lifestyles throughout adulthood and examine how ACEs influence dimensions of health lifestyles. DESIGN The data was collected cross-sectionally through an online questionnaire. SETTING Individuals were invited to participate in an online survey for a larger brain health study as a pre-screening measure. SUBJECTS Women in the Midwest between 18-25 and 65-85 who reported either no ACEs or 3 or more ACEs completed the survey, with 233 women answering all questionnaires. MEASURES Demographic indicators, the 10-item ACEs questionnaire, and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). ANALYSIS Independent sample t-tests revealed significantly lower scores for ACEs group on the HPLP-II and the 6 subcategories (heath responsibility, interpersonal relationships, nutrition, physical activity, spiritual growth, and stress management). A structural equation model using the 3 ACE categories (abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) and 6 health domains showed substantial differences in the variance captured for each health behavior. RESULTS Findings indicate that abuse predicts physical activity, stress management, and spiritual growth (β = -.21, -.23, -.20); neglect predicts interpersonal relationships and spiritual growth (β = -.17, -.18); and household dysfunction predicts health responsibility, nutrition, stress management, and interpersonal relations (β = -.20, -.22, -.10, -.17). CONCLUSION The present investigation extends research in displaying that ACEs play a significant role in future health behaviors, with household dysfunction being the greatest predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Tavares
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Cindy E Tsotsoros
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- George & Ann Ryan Institue for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Crouch E, Radcliff E, Bennett K, Brown MJ, Hung P. Child and Adolescent Health in the United States: The Role of Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:517-525. [PMID: 38938966 PMCID: PMC11199427 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poorer health from childhood into adulthood. There has been limited prior research examining the associations between positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and health among children. Objective The present study examines the association between PCES and child health, controlling for ACE counts, using a nationally representative sample. Participants and Setting : The data for this study came from the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children's Health and were limited to children six years of age or older with complete demographic information and information on ACEs, PCEs, and child health (n = 46,913). Methods Bivariate analyses between PCEs, ACEs, child/adolescent characteristics, or caregiver's characteristics and child/adolescent health were examined using Pearson's Chi-square tests, weighted to produce nationally representative distributions. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between selected PCEs and good health, controlling for whether a child had two or more ACEs. Results In adjusted analyses, children who experienced any of the following PCEs had a higher odds of good health, compared to children who did not experience each type of these PCEs: after school activities (aOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.11-3.09), resilient family (aOR 2.22; 95% CI 1.45-3.41), supportive neighborhood (aOR 1.56; 95% CI 1.01-2.41), and connected caregiver (aOR 1.84; 95% CI 1.22-2.77). Conclusions Examining and understanding PCEs and how they are associated with child health is a unique opportunity to guide more targeted policies and intervention efforts. Efforts to provide PCEs in schools, homes, and communities may help to reduce health inequities early in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Crouch
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery Building Suite 345, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, 220 Stoneridge Drive, Suite 204, Columbia, SC 29210 USA
| | - Elizabeth Radcliff
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery Building Suite 345, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Kevin Bennett
- School of Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of South Carolina, 3209 Colonial Dr., Columbia, SC 29203 USA
| | - Monique J. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Discovery I, Suite 408, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Peiyin Hung
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery Building Suite 345, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
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Petrova I, Pipere A. Caregivers' experience of caring for family members with complex health needs in Latvia. Health Promot Int 2024; 39:daae070. [PMID: 38934478 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The article examines the experiences of family caregivers engaged in the provision of long-term care for their relatives with complex health needs within the Latvian context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven caregivers who provide care in cases of dementia, depression, schizophrenia, opioid use, Down syndrome and mild cognitive impairment. A thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed common themes, such as the initial experiences when encountering a family member's disorder and the subsequent reactions, as well as the quest for support and resources. Variations mainly centered around differences in formal aspects and childhood experiences of care. Caregivers reported risk factors such as guilt, lack of support from family and friends, financial difficulties, deficiency of professional care and ignoring the caregiver's own needs. Awareness of personal resources, values and limits, coping with personal stigma and improved overall quality of life were identified as protective factors. The findings underscore several preventive measures that social and mental health services could implement to mitigate the adverse effects of caregiving on caregivers' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Petrova
- Daugavpils University, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vienības iela 13, Daugavpils, LV 5400, Latvia
| | - Anita Pipere
- Daugavpils University, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vienības iela 13, Daugavpils, LV 5400, Latvia
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Cinà IV, Lindberg L, Enebrink P. "All Children in Focus": Effects of a Universal Parenting Program at a 6-Month Follow-Up in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Sweden. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:673-684. [PMID: 38748316 PMCID: PMC11111508 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Parenting programs have been shown to empower parents and prevent mental health problems in children. However, few programs are designed to promote wellbeing, which led to the development of the Swedish-promotive universal program, "All Children in Focus" (ACF). This study aimed to understand the effects of parents' participation in the ACF program on parents' emotion regulation and parenting practices over a 6-month follow-up and if intervention-produced changes predict child wellbeing (CW). Parental self-efficacy (PSE) was also included to assess the relation with parental outcomes and CW. This is an evaluation of a multicenter randomized waitlisted control trial conducted in Stockholm County, Sweden, with parents of children aged 3 to 12 years (n = 621) in 2012. Parents were randomized 1:1 to enter the program or to a waitlist. Questionnaires were completed by parents at baseline, post-intervention, and 6 months post-baseline. We used generalized mixed modeling to test effects on parental outcomes over time and regression analyses to study the predictive role of parental outcomes on CW. From baseline to the post- and to the 6-month follow-ups, parents in the intervention group reported greater levels of emotion regulation skills, cognitive reappraisal, and positive parenting than did parents in the control group. A decrease in negative and harsh parenting was evident in both groups, although it was greater in the intervention group. An increase in PSE was associated with high negative parenting at baseline in the intervention group. Child gender moderated positive parenting, suggesting that parents of girls in the intervention group had more favorable development of positive strategies. The findings indicate that a change in PSE predicts a change in CW at 6 months. The ACF program can be used to strengthen and develop parenting. This study advances our knowledge about the potential advantages of using a health-promoting approach to strengthen the wellbeing of families in the general population. Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN70202532 Current Controlled Trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lene Lindberg
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Region Stockholm, Box 45436, S-104 31, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pia Enebrink
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu D, Ge P, Li X, Hong W, Huang M, Zhu L, Kaierdebieke A, Yu W, Qi J, Pu K, Ling R, Pan L, Sun X, Wu Y, Feng Q. Status of self-medication and the relevant factors regarding drug efficacy and safety as important considerations among adolescents aged 12-18 in China: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9982. [PMID: 38693178 PMCID: PMC11063147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate self-medication behavior among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years and explore the factors associated with whether adolescents prioritize drug efficacy or safety when engaging in self-medication behavior. In 2021, a questionnaire investigation was conducted in the Chinese mainland using a multi-stage sampling approach. After a statistical description, logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with considering drug efficacy and safety. The self-medication rate among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18 years was 96.61%. Of these, 65.84% considered drug safety to be essential, while 58.72% prioritized drug efficacy. Regression analysis showed that individuals with better healthcare were more likely to consider drug efficacy an important factor. Additionally, those with a healthier family lifestyle were more likely to prioritize efficacy. When individuals engage in self-medication, those residing in urban areas and possessing advanced preventive health literacy and ample family health resources tend to prioritize drug safety to a greater extent. Conversely, those with higher monthly household incomes and only children exhibit a decreased inclination towards prioritizing safety during self-medication. Self-medication is a frequently observed practice among Chinese adolescents aged 12-18. Several factors, such as demographic and sociological characteristics, health literacy, and family health status, have been found to be associated with the extent to which adolescents prioritize medication safety and efficacy when engaging in self-medication practices. Higher levels of health literacy and better family health status were positively correlated with considering both the efficacy and safety of drugs as important factors when self-medicating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyue Liu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hiaikou, China
| | - Pu Ge
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xialei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Mengjie Huang
- School of Public Health, ShanDong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wenbian Yu
- Zhuhai Institute of Social Development, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiale Qi
- International School of Journalism and Communication, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keping Pu
- Institute of School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rong Ling
- Jilin University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - LuTong Pan
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiqin Feng
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hiaikou, China.
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Alsharif A, Al Habbal O, Gabadian A, El Maamoun R, Al Faraj A, Kamr Aldin T, Haitham Aldammad O, Alkayakhi A, Al Habbal A. Behavioral difficulties and associated factors among the 'lost generation' of Syrian children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9286. [PMID: 38654099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence, vital in shaping adult life and society, are profoundly impacted during conflicts like Syria's devastating war. This study explores the prevalence of behavioral disorders in Syrian children and adolescents, examining the influence of war and family-related factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 2-17 years at a children's outpatient clinic in Damascus, Syria. We assessed parents' quality of life, war and family-related factors, and behavioral difficulties through parental interviews using two questionnaires: the Arabic version of the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the brief Arabic version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). 74.67% of children aged 2-4 years and 61.29% of children aged 5-17 years were experiencing behavioral difficulties, with emotional difficulties being the most prevalent ones. Children exposed to kidnapping, family losses, lack of school enrollment, and those with parents having lower education, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer quality of life exhibited higher Total SDQ scores. The high prevalence of behavioral difficulties among children and adolescents in Syria is a major concern, with both direct and indirect war-related factors contributing to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Alsharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Aram Gabadian
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- Eye Surgical Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Alaa Al Faraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | | | | | - Aya Al Habbal
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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16
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Liu W, Sun W, Yang L, Huang Y, Zhu S, Xiao W, Cheng S, Hao J, Ying J, Chen H, Ren Z, Wang S, Song P. Paternal and maternal exposures to adverse childhood experiences and spontaneous fetal loss: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1047. [PMID: 38622567 PMCID: PMC11020413 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) might be associated with maternal spontaneous fetal loss, while evidence among Chinese population is limited. This study aims to explore the associations of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among women and their spouses with the risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. METHOD Data were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2014 survey. ACEs were categorized into intra-familial ACEs and extra-familial ACEs. The associations of maternal and paternal ACEs with women's history of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth were investigated by logistic regression. RESULTS 7,742 women were included with 9.05% and 2.47% experiencing at least one spontaneous abortion or stillbirth, respectively. Women exposed to 2, 3, and ≥ 4 ACEs were at significantly higher odds of spontaneous abortion, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.52 (95% [CI, Confidence Interval] 1.10-2.10), 1.50 (95% CI 1.07-2.09) and 1.68 (95% CI 1.21-2.32), respectively. A significant association between ≥ 4 maternal intra-familial ACEs and stillbirth (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.12-4.42) was also revealed. Furthermore, paternal exposures to 3 and ≥ 4 overall ACEs were significantly associated with their wives' history of spontaneous abortion, with adjusted ORs of 1.81 (95% CI 1.01-3.26) and 1.83 (95% CI 1.03-3.25), respectively. CONCLUSION Both maternal and paternal ACEs were associated with spontaneous abortion, and potential mediators might need to be considered to further explore impacts of maternal and paternal ACEs on maternal reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidi Sun
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nursing, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhan Xiao
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqing Cheng
- International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajun Hao
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayao Ying
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanlu Chen
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyang Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health / Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Hinojosa MS, Hinojosa R. Positive and adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes of children. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106603. [PMID: 38141478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers and policymakers have identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) like abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction as a contributing factor to poor mental health outcomes for children. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) like open family communication styles, having the ability to live and play in a safe, stable, and protective environment, having constructive opportunities for social engagement, and receiving mentorship from adults have been found to improve the mental health of children. PURPOSE This paper explores the role of ACEs and PCEs on the mental health outcomes of children. METHOD A sample of 22,628 children ages 6-17 from the National Survey of Children's Health (2017-2020) was used to explore the relationship between PCEs and ACEs and the mental health of children. Logistic regression analysis is used to model the effect of PCEs and ACEs on the odds of child mental health diagnoses. RESULTS Findings indicate that with each additional ACE, there was a significant increase in the odds of reporting a MH condition (OR = 1.25, 95 % CI 1.09-1.43). Conversely, with each additional PCE, there is a significant decrease in the odds or reporting a MH condition (OR = 0.76, 95 % CI 0.68-0.84). There was also evidence that PCEs moderate the relationship between ACEs and reports of mental health conditions. When counts of ACEs are low, PCEs provide a protective effect on reports of mental health. But when the count of ACEs are high, children with higher numbers of PCEs have similar reports of mental health conditions. SUMMARY This study provides information about the moderating effect of PCEs on the relationship between ACEs and child mental health diagnosis with the goal of informing policies and interventions focused on ameliorating the growing crisis of children's negative mental health and well-being. WHAT IS KNOWN?: Adverse childhood events (ACEs) like abuse, neglect and household dysfunction are known to negatively impact the mental health and well-being of children. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs), on the other hand, can positively influence the mental health and well-being of children. WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE ADD?: This study examines the association between adverse and positive childhood experiences to understand how they impact the mental health outcomes of children ages 6-17. Findings indicate that when ACEs are lower, the impact of PCEs are positive, but when ACEs are higher, PCEs do not make much difference in reports of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sberna Hinojosa
- University of Central Florida, College of Sciences, Department of Sociology, 4297 Andromeda Loop N., Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America.
| | - Ramon Hinojosa
- University of Central Florida, College of Sciences, Department of Sociology, 4297 Andromeda Loop N., Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America.
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Mihret AM, Heinrichs N. Intergenerational effects of child maltreatment on adolescents' anxiety and depression in Ethiopia: the important mediating and moderating roles of current psychological distress. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:126. [PMID: 38360563 PMCID: PMC10870629 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse is widespread around the world, and one continent with particularly high rates is Africa. Research in high- and middle-income countries shows the cascading effect of parental history of child abuse and neglect on adolescents' maltreatment and, in turn, on mental health problems. This cascade has been reported in young children but has rarely been studied in parent-adolescent dyads or in low-income countries (LICs). The goal of this study was to test intergenerational associations of child abuse and neglect and to examine how these experiences are in turn associated with youth anxiety and depression in an LIC. METHODS A total of 231 adolescents (age: 13-21 years) and 185 of their parents (n = 90 fathers and n = 95 mothers) were recruited from secondary schools in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia. Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed a set of questionnaires assessing child maltreatment (in adolescence and own past history in parents), parental psychological distress, youth depression and anxiety, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS The frequencies of child maltreatment exposure were 68% for adolescents and 65% for their parents (when they were a child). Fifty-one percent and 42% of adolescents had borderline to clinical levels of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Adolescents of parents with a history of child abuse and neglect also reported higher exposure to maltreatment themselves (p < 0.001). Current paternal, but not maternal, psychological distress mediated this intergenerational association of maltreatment experiences (95% CI [1.164, 9.467]). We further found parents' psychological distress to be a significant moderator of the indirect pathways of the intergenerational effect of child maltreatment on adolescents' anxiety and depression (95% CI [- 0.770, - 0.012]). CONCLUSIONS We found child maltreatment to be intergenerationally associated, and this effect subsequently affected adolescents' anxiety and depression through different pathways supporting the cascading effects across generations. Intervention plans may be effective through an array of possible indirect pathways and encourage the implementation of multiple access points to facilitate change in the lives of affected youth in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Misganaw Mihret
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Bremen, Grazer Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University Universität Bielefeld, Universität Straße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Bremen, Grazer Straße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld University Universität Bielefeld, Universität Straße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Einhorn J, James M, Kennedy N, Marchant E, Brophy S. Changes in self-reported health and wellbeing outcomes in 36,951 primary school children from 2014 to 2022 in Wales: an analysis using annual survey data. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1285687. [PMID: 38420023 PMCID: PMC10899516 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1285687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines the changes in childhood self-reported health and wellbeing between 2014 and 2022. Methods An annual survey delivered by HAPPEN-Wales, in collaboration with 500 primary schools, captured self-reported data on physical health, dietary habits, mental health, and overall wellbeing for children aged 8-11 years. Results The findings reveal a decline in physical health between 2014 and 2022, as evidenced by reduced abilities in swimming and cycling. For example, 68% of children (95%CI: 67%-69%) reported being able to swim 25m in 2022, compared to 85% (95% CI: 83%-87%) in 2018. Additionally, unhealthy eating habits, such as decreased fruit and vegetable consumption and increased consumption of sugary snacks, have become more prevalent. Mental health issues, including emotional and behavioural difficulties, have also increased, with emotional difficulties affecting 13%-15% of children in 2017-2018 and now impacting 29% of children in 2021-2022. Moreover, indicators of wellbeing, autonomy, and competence have declined. Discussion Importantly, this trend of declining health and wellbeing predates the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, suggesting that it is not solely attributed to the pandemic's effects. The health of primary school children has been on a declining trajectory since 2018/2019 and has continued to decline through the COVID recovery period. The study suggests that these trends are unlikely to improve without targeted intervention and policy focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Einhorn
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Data Science Building, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela James
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Data Science Building, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Kennedy
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Data Science Building, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Marchant
- Department of Education and Childhood Studies, School of Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead Brophy
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Data Science Building, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Li J, Zhang X, Chang S, Zhang C, Wang W. How positive childhood experiences foster college students' adjustment: the role of sibling number and self-esteem. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1305609. [PMID: 38420166 PMCID: PMC10901011 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1305609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, growing concern has emerged regarding the mental health and well-being of college students who confront numerous challenges and transitions during their higher education journey. This research aims to investigate the influence of positive childhood experiences on the adaptability of college students and the underlying mechanisms. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 5,787 college students from Chinese universities. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing positive childhood experiences, self-esteem, the number of siblings, and China college students' adjustment. Results The results revealed that positive childhood experiences positively predicted the adjustment of China college students, with self-esteem playing a mediating role in this positive effect. Moreover, siblings played an antagonistic moderating role in the positive effect of positive childhood experiences on China college students' adjustment. Discussion It is recommended to enhance positive childhood experiences, improve self-esteem, and provide additional care and support to students from multi-sibling families to enhance China college students' adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenzhuang Wang
- School of Health Care Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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21
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Suglia SF, April-Sanders AK. Considering Social Context to Understand Childhood Adversities and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2024; 17:e010661. [PMID: 38258574 PMCID: PMC11086681 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.123.010661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.F.S.)
| | - Ayana K April-Sanders
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ (A.K.A.-S.)
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Zhang X, Li Y, Xiao Y, Yu C, Pei Y, Cao F. Association of positive childhood experiences with flourishing among children with ADHD: A population-based study in the United States. Prev Med 2024; 179:107824. [PMID: 38159814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child flourishing includes healthy social and emotional development and an open, engaged approach to learning. However, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning a minority of children with ADHD who may demonstrate flourishing in one or more areas of functioning. This study investigated the association between positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and flourishing among children with ADHD. METHOD Data were derived from the 2021 National Survey of Children's Health in the United States. The analysis included a final sample of 3727 children with ADHD. Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and random forest were used to examine the associations between seven PCEs and flourishing. RESULTS The adjusted odds of flourishing were 72% lower (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28,95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21, 0.38) among children with PCE scores of 0-2 compared to those with scores of 3-5. In addition, the adjusted odds of flourishing were 2.45 times (95%CI = 2.00, 2.99) greater for children with PCE scores of 6-7 compared to those with scores of 3-5. These associations were consistent regardless of the level of adverse childhood experiences. Having a "connected caregiver" was the PCE most closely related to flourishing (unweighted OR = 3.24, 95%CI = 2.72, 3.89). CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed a positive association between higher levels of PCEs and greater flourishing among children with ADHD, regardless of the level of childhood adversity they experienced. These results highlight the importance of positive experiences in the lives of children with ADHD, with a specific focus on nurturing supportive relationships within families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Yiping Xiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yifei Pei
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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23
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Samji H, Long D, Herring J, Correia R, Maloney J. Positive childhood experiences serve as protective factors for mental health in pandemic-era youth with adverse childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106640. [PMID: 38278687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict poorer mental health across the life course, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) predict better mental health. It is unclear whether PCEs protect against poor mental health outcomes and promote mental well-being in pandemic-era adolescents with ACEs. METHODS We examined the individual and joint contributions of ACEs and PCEs to mental health and well-being (MHW) in eleventh-grade British Columbian adolescents (N = 8864) during the fifth wave of COVID-19. We used a novel measure of ACEs that included community- and societal-level ACEs in addition to ACEs experienced at home to investigate the role of social and structural determinants of mental health in supporting the MHW of pandemic-era adolescents. A series of two-way ANCOVAs were conducted comparing MHW outcomes between adolescents with and without ACEs. Interaction effects were examined to investigate whether PCEs moderated the association between ACEs and MHW. RESULTS Adolescents with no ACEs had significantly better MHW than those with one or more ACE. Having six or more PCEs was associated with better MHW in adolescents with and without ACEs. PCEs significantly moderated the association between ACEs and depression. Effect sizes were larger for PCEs than ACEs in relation to depression, mental well-being, and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS PCEs may protect against depression among adolescents with ACEs and promote MHW among all pandemic-era adolescents. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing social determinants of mental health to mitigate the impact of ACEs and promote PCEs as part of a public health approach to MHW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasina Samji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada; Population and Public Health Division, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4, Canada.
| | - David Long
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317 - 2194, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jillian Herring
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Rachel Correia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jacqueline Maloney
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, British Columbia, Canada.
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24
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Huang L, Li H, Liu H, Tian H, Luo H, Wu J, Luo Y, Peng L, Guo L. Socioecological influencers of health-promoting lifestyles in Chinese: a preliminary survey using convenient samples. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1309824. [PMID: 38259776 PMCID: PMC10800470 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1309824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy lifestyles are considered important means to reduce the burden of diseases. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Ecological Model of Health Behavior (EMHB) to analyze the factors associated with the health-promoting lifestyles of Chinese residents. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional investigation in July 2023. Our investigated factors included social-demographic characteristics (including sex, age, education level, employment status, marital status, personal monthly income, and daily behavioral habits [which were measured by a questionnaire)], health literacy [which was measured by the Chinese version of the Health Literacy Scale Short-Form scale (HLS-SF12)], and family health [which was measured by the Chinese version of the Short-Form of the Family Health Scale (FHS-SF)]. Our outcome was health promoting lifestyle, which was measured by a revised version of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-IIR). Data were analyzed using stepwise regression. Results A total of 1,402 participants were enrolled. Higher scores of HLS-SF12 (β = 0.467), having regular exercise (β = 0.212), and regular physical examination (β = 0.088) were associated with better health-prompting lifestyles. However, older age (≥60 years) (β = -0.046), drinking (β = -0.066), and sleeping time (5-6 h/day) (β = -0.048) were associated lower levels of health-prompting lifestyles. Living with family (β = 0.077), FHS-SF (β = 0.104), and married (β = -0.077) were significant influencers. Unemployed (β = -0.048), receiving retirement pay (β = -0.053), and economic support provided by parents (β = 0.094) were associated with better health-prompting lifestyles. There were multiple influencing factors of the six dimensions of the HPLP-IIR. Our findings indicate that community residents with higher health literacy, better family health, and health-related behaviors tend to have better health-promoting lifestyles. Conclusion Our findings have confirmed the complex impacts of social-ecological factors on health-promoting lifestyles, which may help policy makers with health-promotion strategies making and also help researchers to control for confounding in study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hansen Li
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haowei Liu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haodong Tian
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyue Luo
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Peng
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitoring, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liya Guo
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Physical Education, Yili Normal University, Xinjiang, China
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25
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Lawrence NR, Bacila I, Dawson J, Mahdi S, Alvi S, Cheetham TD, Crowne E, Das U, Dattani MT, Davies JH, Gevers E, Krone RE, Patel L, Randell T, Ryan FJ, Keevil B, Ahmed SF, Krone NP. Quality of Life in Children and Young People With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia-UK Nationwide Multicenter Assessment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e336-e346. [PMID: 37439248 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Quality of life (QoL) has been inconsistently reported in children and young people (CYP) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). OBJECTIVE Assess QoL in CYP with CAH in the UK alongside biometric and androgen profiles. DESIGN To define the evidence base for health care delivery, we conducted a cross-sectional study in CYP with CAH in the UK. Questionnaire results were compared with normative data and between groups, and modelled for association with sex, height, weight, body mass index, or steroid biomarkers of CAH control. SETTING Tertiary care in 14 UK centers. PATIENTS Results from 104 patients, 55% female, mean age 12.7 years (SD 3.0), paired responses from parents. INTERVENTIONS Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and pediatric QoL questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Total QoL scores as assessed by SDQ and a pediatric QoL questionnaire in comparison to normative data. RESULTS Total scores were worse in parents than normative data, but similar in patients. Patient QoL was rated better in social functioning but worse in emotional, school, and peer domains by patients, and worse in total scores and domains of peer problems, and psychosocial, emotional, and school functioning by parents. Parents consistently scored QoL of their children lower than their child. Larger height-SD score and lower weight-SD score were associated with better QoL. Girls with lower steroid biomarkers had worse SDQ scores. CONCLUSIONS In CYP with CAH, reduced height, increased weight, and hormonal biomarkers consistent with overtreatment were associated with worse QoL; addressing these problems should be prioritized in clinical management.Clinical Trials Registration Number: SCH/15/088.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Bacila
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jeremy Dawson
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sundus Mahdi
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sabah Alvi
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds LS2 3AX, UK
| | - Timothy D Cheetham
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great North Children's Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Elizabeth Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8BJ, UK
| | - Urmi Das
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 1LE, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Department of Human Development & Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Evelien Gevers
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London and Barts Health NHS Trust-The Royal London Hospital, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Ruth E Krone
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | - Leena Patel
- Paediatric Endocrine Service, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Tabitha Randell
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fiona J Ryan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Oxford Children's Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Brian Keevil
- Department of Biochemistry, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nils P Krone
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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26
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Zhang X, Bruening M, Ojinnaka CO. Food insecurity is inversely associated with positive childhood experiences among a nationally representative sample of children aged 0-17 years in the USA. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2355-2365. [PMID: 37548184 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002300143x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between food insecurity and positive childhood experiences (PCE). DESIGN Outcome measure was number of PCE and seven PCE constructs. Food insecurity was assessed with a three-category measure that ascertained whether the respondent could afford and choose to eat nutritious food. We then used bivariate and multivariable Poisson and logistic regressions to analyse the relationship between food insecurity and the outcome measures. The analyses were further stratified by age (≤ 5, 6-11 and 12-17 years). SETTING The National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) from 2017 to 2020, a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents in the USA. PARTICIPANTS Parents/caregivers who reported on their children's experiences of PCE and food insecurity from the 2017-2020 NSCH (n 114 709). RESULTS Descriptively, 22·13 % of respondents reported mild food insecurity, while 3·45 % of respondents reported moderate to severe food insecurity. On multivariable Poisson regression analyses, there was a lower rate of PCE among children who experienced mild (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0·93; 95 % CI 0·92, 0·94) or moderate/severe food insecurity (IRR = 0·84; 95 % CI 0·83, 0·86) compared with those who were food secure. We found an inverse relationship between food insecurity and rate of PCE across all age categories. CONCLUSIONS Our study finding lends evidence to support that interventions, public health programmes, as well as public health policies that reduce food insecurity among children and adolescents may be associated with an increase in PCE. Longitudinal and intervention research are needed to examine the mechanistic relationship between food insecurity and PCE across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn Stata College of Health and Human Development, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chinedum O Ojinnaka
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ85004, USA
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27
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Han D, Dieujuste N, Doom JR, Narayan AJ. A systematic review of positive childhood experiences and adult outcomes: Promotive and protective processes for resilience in the context of childhood adversity. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106346. [PMID: 37473619 PMCID: PMC10528145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on positive childhood experiences (PCEs) as counterparts to childhood adversity has surged in the last five years. A systematic review of the additive and interactive effects of childhood adversity and PCEs across adult outcomes is needed that contextualizes the long-term correlates of childhood experiences within a developmental perspective. OBJECTIVE The current review synthesizes the empirical evidence for PCEs as resilience factors for a range of adult outcomes. METHODS Articles published until May 2023 were systematically identified according to PRISMA Guidelines through PubMed and PsycINFO databases and references of included articles. Then, 131 records were screened, and 58 studies were included. RESULTS Higher levels of PCEs were significantly but modestly associated with lower levels of childhood adversity. Higher levels of PCEs were associated with outcomes reflecting mental health, psychosocial functioning, physical health and health behaviors, and psychosocial stress. Most studies found direct, promotive effects of PCEs for more favorable outcomes. Few studies found significant interaction effects between childhood adversity and PCEs on outcomes, suggesting that PCEs may more frequently directly promote positive outcomes rather than moderate the effects of adversity on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals' childhood adversity and PCEs are somewhat independent sets of experiences; many individuals experience both, and the presence of one does not preclude the other. PCEs predict more favorable outcomes independent of childhood adversity more often than they interact with and moderate the effects of adversity on outcomes. Although the literature base is steadily growing, more research on PCEs in diverse and international samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Han
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
| | - Nathalie Dieujuste
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
| | - Jenalee R Doom
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
| | - Angela J Narayan
- University of Denver, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, United States, 80210.
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28
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Akintunde TY, Isangha SO, Iwuagwu AO, Adedeji A. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subjective Well-Being of Migrants: Exploring the Role of Resilience and Gender Differences. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
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29
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Crandall A, Magnusson BM, Barlow MJ, Randall H, Policky AL, Hanson CL. Positive adult experiences as turning points for better adult mental health after childhood adversity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1223953. [PMID: 37601196 PMCID: PMC10436205 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1223953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine whether positive adult experiences (PAEs) were associated with lower odds for anxiety and depression even in the presence of high adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) or low positive childhood experiences (PCEs). Methods The sample was comprised of 435 adults (48% female), ages 18-56 years and who were living in the United States. Participants completed a survey about their childhood experiences, PAEs, and mental health. A series of multiple logistic regression models were estimated in Stata 17 to examine the aims. Results Positive childhood experiences were associated with higher PAE scores, but ACEs did not significantly correlate with PAEs. Positive adult experiences were associated with lower odds of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression, especially among those who had experienced high ACEs or low PCEs. Younger adults were more likely to experience a positive benefit from PAEs compared to adults 35 years and older. Conclusion Even when ACEs were high or PCEs were low, adults with high PAEs had lower odds for moderate-to-severe anxiety and/depression. Positive adult experiences may be an opportunity to turn the tide for individuals who experienced childhood adversity and/or low levels of support or connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- AliceAnn Crandall
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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30
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Burns M. The Elephant in the Room: Youth Sexuality. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2281-2284. [PMID: 37316620 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Burns
- SOL Research, 440 N Barranca Ave., #4303, Covina, CA, 91723, USA.
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31
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Somefun OD, Theron L, Höltge J, Ungar M. Resilience to depression: the role of benevolent childhood experiences in a South African sample. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1209504. [PMID: 37546432 PMCID: PMC10401265 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1209504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies elsewhere show that benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) have protective mental health value. However, this protective value has never been investigated in an African context. Given the need to better understand what might support mental health resilience among African young people, this study explores the relationship between BCEs and depressive symptoms among a South African sample of young adults living in a community dependent on the economically volatile oil and gas industry. Methods A sample of young adults in an oil and gas community in South Africa (N = 313, mean age 20.3 years, SD = 1.83, range from 18 to 26; majority Black African) completed self-report questionnaires to assess BCEs and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II). The analysis controlled for socio-demographics and experience of family adversity. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the association of BCEs with depressive symptoms using STATA 17. Results The majority (86.4% of the sample) reported all 10 BCEs. Of the 10 BCEs, having at least one good friend was the most reported (94%) compared to 75% of the sample reporting having a predictable home routine, such as regular meals and a regular bedtime. The unadjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that having at least one good friend, comforting beliefs, and being comfortable with self were associated with lower odds of moderate depression. The adjusted results showed no association between BCEs and the depression of young adults in this sample. Conclusion In this South African sample, our results do not show protective associations between BCEs and depression. This could be as a result of the homogeneity in our sample. It is also possible that the BCEs explored could not counteract the effect of chronic risk factors in the lives of the young people in this study context. Further research is needed to understand this complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Theron
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jan Höltge
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michael Ungar
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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32
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Agathis NT, Annor FB, Xu L, Swedo E, Chiang L, Coomer R, Hegle J, Patel P, Forster N, O’Malley G, Ensminger AL, Kamuingona R, Andjamba H, Nshimyimana B, Manyando M, Massetti GM. Strong Father-Child Relationships and Other Positive Childhood Experiences, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Sexual Risk Factors for HIV among Young Adults Aged 19-24 Years, Namibia, 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6376. [PMID: 37510608 PMCID: PMC10378761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Using cross-sectional data from the 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey and sex-stratified multivariable models, we assessed the associations between four different positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and having ≥3 adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including ≥3 ACE-PCE interaction terms, and seven sexual risk factors for HIV acquisition among young adults aged 19-24 years. One PCE, having a strong father-child relationship, was inversely associated with two risk factors among women (lifetime transactional sex (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.7) and recent age-disparate sexual relationships (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.5)), and significantly interacted with having ≥3 ACEs for three risk factors among women (not knowing a partner's HIV status, infrequently using condoms, and ever having an STI) and one among men (having multiple sexual partners in the past year). The other PCEs were significantly associated with ≤1 HIV risk factor and had no significant interaction terms. Strong father-child relationships may reduce HIV acquisition risk and mitigate the effect of childhood adversity on HIV risk among young adults in Namibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas T. Agathis
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Francis B. Annor
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Likang Xu
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Elizabeth Swedo
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Laura Chiang
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Rachel Coomer
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Private Bag, Windhoek 12029, Namibia
| | - Jennifer Hegle
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Pragna Patel
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Norbert Forster
- International Training and Education Center for Health, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gabrielle O’Malley
- International Training and Education Center for Health, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alison L. Ensminger
- International Training and Education Center for Health, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rahimisa Kamuingona
- Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication, and Social Welfare, Private Bag, Windhoek 13359, Namibia
| | - Helena Andjamba
- Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication, and Social Welfare, Private Bag, Windhoek 13359, Namibia
| | - Brigitte Nshimyimana
- Ministry of Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication, and Social Welfare, Private Bag, Windhoek 13359, Namibia
| | - Molisa Manyando
- US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Greta M. Massetti
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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33
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Pugh SJ, Murray C, Groenewald CB. Positive Childhood Experiences and Chronic Pain Among Children and Adolescents in the United States. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1193-1202. [PMID: 36775002 PMCID: PMC10330007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) are associated with better mental and physical health outcomes and moderate the negative effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, knowledge of the associations between PCEs and childhood chronic pain is limited. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2019 to 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to evaluate associations between PCEs and childhood chronic pain. Parents of 47,514 children ages 6 to 17 years old reported on their child's exposure to 7 PCEs and 9 ACEs. Associations between PCEs and chronic pain were evaluated using weighted, multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors. We found that PCEs had dose-dependent associations with pediatric chronic pain; children exposed to higher numbers of PCEs (5-7 PCEs) had the lowest reported rate of chronic pain (7.1%), while children exposed to 2 or fewer PCEs had the highest rate of chronic pain (14.7%). The adjusted analysis confirmed that children experiencing 5 to 7 PCEs had significantly lower odds of chronic pain relative to children experiencing 0 to 2 PCEs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): .47, 95% confidence interval (CI): .39-.61, P < .0001). PCEs moderated associations between ACEs and chronic pain: among children reporting 2 or more ACEs, those reporting 5 to 7 PCEs were significantly less likely to report chronic pain as compared to children only reporting 0 to 2 PCEs (aOR: .64, 95%CI: .45-.89, P = .009). In conclusion, children with greater PCEs exposure had lower prevalence rates of chronic pain. Furthermore, PCEs was associated with reduced prevalence of chronic pain among children exposed to ACEs. PERSPECTIVE: This article estimates associations between survey-measured PCEs and pediatric chronic pain among children in the United States. Promoting PCEs could improve pediatric pain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Pugh
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caitlin Murray
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cornelius B Groenewald
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Center for Child Health, Behavior & Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
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Guo N, Wang L. Positive childhood experiences on flourishing mediated by meaning in life in Chinese undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Pract 2023; 70:103688. [PMID: 37379698 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of positive childhood experiences (PCEs) with positive mental well-being (i.e. meaning in life and flourishing) in Chinese undergraduate nursing students. The mediation effect of meaning in life on the association between PCEs and flourishing was investigated. BACKGROUND Mental health problems, such as high stress, have been prevalent in nursing students. Less is known about positive well-being that could be independent of mental health problems. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study in Chinese nursing students of age ≥ 18 years enrolled in either three-year associate degree or four-year bachelor's degree program at 25 different universities across mainland China. METHODS PCEs were measured using the 10-item Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale on perceived relational and internal safety and security, positive and predictable quality of life, and interpersonal support by age 18. Measures of positive mental well-being included the Secure Flourish Index on flourishing and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire on presence of meaning and searching for meaning. Associations were analyzed using multivariable linear regression adjusting for perceived stress. RESULTS Of 2105 participants, 87.7% were female, the mean [SD] age was 19.8 [1.6] years. More PCEs were associated with higher flourishing (adjusted b=6.82, 95% CI 6.23, 7.41, β = 0.44), presence of meaning (adjusted b=0.91, 95% CI 0.75, 1.06, β = 0.24), and searching for meaning (adjusted b=0.67, 95% CI 0.49, 0.84, β = 0.17). Presence of meaning (indirect effect: adjusted b=1.57, 95% CI 1.27, 1.89) and searching for meaning (indirect effect: adjusted b=0.84, 95% CI 0.60, 1.08) partially mediated 23% and 12% of the association between PCEs and flourishing, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PCEs showed dose-response associations with meaning in life and flourishing in Chinese undergraduate nursing students, and the associations remained independent of perceived stress. The association between PCEs and flourishing was mediated through meaning in life. Higher meaning of life and flourishing associated with more PCEs highlighted the importance of increasing awareness and early screening of PCEs in nursing schools. The mediation effects of meaning in life warranted targeted interventions for helping students with fewer PCEs to flourish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyuan Guo
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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Bunting L, McCartan C, Davidson G, Grant A, Mulholland C, Schubotz D, Hamill R, McBride O, Murphy J, Nolan E, Shevlin M. The influence of adverse and positive childhood experiences on young people's mental health and experiences of self-harm and suicidal ideation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106159. [PMID: 37028255 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the interaction of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) with mental health outcomes in nationally representative European populations. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to test models of resilience through investigating associations between ACEs and PCEs and young people's risk of common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were from the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey (NIYWS), a stratified random probability household survey conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Analysis is based on data from adolescents aged 11-19 years (n = 1299). METHOD Logistic regression was used to test the direct effects of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcomes and the moderating effect of PCEs at different levels of ACE exposure. RESULTS Prevalence rates of mental health outcomes were: common mood and anxiety disorders (16 %); self-harm (10 %); suicidal ideation (12 %). ACEs and PCEs both independently predicted common mood and anxiety disorders, self-harm and suicidal ideation. Every additional ACE increased the likelihood of a common mood and anxiety disorder (81 %), self-harm (88 %) and suicidal ideation (88 %). Every additional PCE reduced common mood and anxiety disorders (14 %), self-harm (13 %) and suicidal ideation (7 %). There was no moderating effect of PCEs on ACEs and mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that PCEs act largely independently of ACEs and that initiatives to increase PCEs can assist in the prevention of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bunting
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Claire McCartan
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gavin Davidson
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anne Grant
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ciaran Mulholland
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dirk Schubotz
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ryan Hamill
- Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Orla McBride
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jamie Murphy
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emma Nolan
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- Ulster University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Marciano H, Adini B. Demographic factors, partial social belonging and psychological resources associated with coping. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1154659. [PMID: 37077847 PMCID: PMC10106560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1154659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study investigates the role of perceived partial social belonging (PPSB) in determining societal and individual resilience and positive and negative coping indicators. It is assumed that most people aspire to belong and be integrated into their society. A sense of only partial belonging is therefore distressing for them. Methods Two hypotheses are examined in the current study: (a) A higher level of PPSB will predict a lower level of resilience and a higher level of psychological symptoms. (b) PPSB will mediate the associations between three stress-evoking demographic characteristics (younger age, low income, and gender) and the lower psychological resilience and higher distress associated with these demographic characteristics. These hypotheses were examined using a sample of the Israeli Jewish public (N = 1,502) who responded to an anonymous questionnaire about the investigated issues. The data were collected by an internet panel company possessing a database of more than 65,000 residents, representing the varied components of the Israeli society. Results The findings supported our hypotheses: (a) PPSB negatively predicted societal and individual resilience and hope and positively predicted distress symptoms and sense of danger. (b) PPSB mediated the effects of the investigated demographic variables on these psychological variables. Conclusion These results are discussed in association with the concept of belonging competencies. Our findings display that being unsure about one's belonging to a desired social group, has a major role in increasing psychological distress and sense of danger and in reducing hope and both individual and societal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai, Israel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai, Israel
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- ResWell Research Collaboration, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Fitryasari R, Nihayati HE, Yusuf A, Islamiyah T, Hikmawati SI, Ayu EQ, Agustin R, Ching-Lan Lin E. Analysis of factors related to the resilience of street children in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:203-208. [PMID: 36719171 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inability to adapt to difficult and stressful situations in the environment leads to low resilience ability in street children. Knowing the influencing factors is important to help them achieve optimal resilience. This study aims to analyze the relationship between factors related to street children's resilience. METHODS This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was street children in two halfway-home in Surabaya (Kampung Anak Negeri and Sanggar Alang-Alang). The sample was 129 respondents obtained using simple random sampling. The independent variables were unpleasant past experience, antisocial behavior, level of depression, age, sex, length of time being street children and positive support. The dependent variable was resilience. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by Spearman Rho-test with p<0.05. RESULTS The result showed, that unpleasant past experiences (p=0.00 and r= -0.313), level of depression (p=0.00 and r= -0.279) and positive support have an association with resilience (p=0.000 and r=0.331). The lowest unpleasant past experiences and depression levels and the higher positive support will make higher resiliency in street children. CONCLUSIONS This study has explained the unpleasant past experiences and depression levels as risk factors and the positive support as a supportive factor for street children's resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Fitryasari
- Fundamental Nursing, Airlangga University Faculty of Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hanik Endang Nihayati
- Department of Psychiatry and Community Health Nursing, Universitas Airlangga Fakultas Keperawatan, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ah Yusuf
- Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Tsuwaibatul Islamiyah
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, International Advanced Nursing Program, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Enggar Qurani Ayu
- Bachelor Student, Airlangga University Faculty of Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Agustin
- Fundamental Nursing, Airlangga University Faculty of Nursing, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Esther Ching-Lan Lin
- Departement of Nursing, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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The Origins of the Dark—Hyperactivity and Negative Peer Relationships, an Objectively Lower Sleep Efficiency, and a Longer Sleep Onset Latency at Age Five Were Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits and Low Empathy at Age 14. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062248. [PMID: 36983253 PMCID: PMC10053498 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Within the spectrum of emotional competencies, callous-unemotional traits are socially discouraged, while empathy is considered a socially much more accepted emotional trait. This holds particularly true for adolescents, who are still building up their social and emotional competencies. The aims of the present study were two-fold: First, longitudinally, to identify traits of behavioral problems and objective sleep dimensions at the age of 5 years to predict callous-unemotional traits and empathy at the age of 14 years. Second, cross-sectionally, to associate callous-unemotional traits and empathy with current insomnia, stress, and mental toughness. Methods: Preschoolers at the age of 5 years were contacted nine years later at the age of 14 years. At 5 years, parents rated their children’s behavior (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ); in parallel, children underwent a one-night sleep-EEG assessment. At the age of 14 years, adolescents completed a series of questionnaires covering callous-unemotional traits, insomnia, empathy, stress, and mental toughness. Results: A total of 77 adolescents (38.1% females) took part in the present study. Longitudinally, higher scores for hyperactivity at age 5 significantly predicted higher callous-unemotional traits at age 14. A higher score for negative peer relationships at age 5 significantly predicted lower scores for cognitive empathy at age 14. Further, objective sleep-EEG measures showed that a higher sleep efficiency and a shorter sleep latency was associated with lower scores for callousness. Cross-sectionally, higher scores for callous-unemotional traits were associated with higher insomnia and stress, while lower insomnia was associated with higher empathy. Mental toughness was unrelated to callous-unemotional traits and empathy. Conclusions: It appears that hyperactivity traits and negative peer relationships and more unfavorable objective sleep patterns at 5 years predicted socially discouraged callous-unemotional traits and low empathy during adolescence. Further, cross-sectionally at the age of 14, callous-unemotional traits, subjective poor sleep, and higher stress were associated.
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Varì R, Silenzi A, d’Amore A, Catena A, Masella R, Scazzocchio B. MaestraNatura Reveals Its Effectiveness in Acquiring Nutritional Knowledge and Skills: Bridging the Gap between Girls and Boys from Primary School. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061357. [PMID: 36986085 PMCID: PMC10055962 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MaestraNatura (MN) is a nutrition education program developed to both enhance awareness about the importance of healthy eating behaviour and skills on food and nutrition in primary school students. The level of knowledge about food and nutritional issues was assessed by a questionnaire administered to 256 students (9–10 years old) attending the last class of primary school and was compared with that of a control group of 98 students frequenting the same schools that received traditional nutrition education based on curricular science lessons and one frontal lesson conducted by an expert nutritionist. The results indicated that students in the MN program showed a higher percentage of correct responses to the questionnaire when compared with the control group (76 ± 15.4 vs. 59 ± 17.7; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the students attending the MN program were requested to organise a weekly menu before (T0) and when finished (T1) the MN program. The results evidenced an overall significant improvement in the score obtained at T1 with respect to those at T0 (p < 0.001), indicating a strong improvement in the ability to translate the theoretical concepts of nutrition guidelines in practice. In addition, the analysis revealed a gender gap between boys and girls, with boys showing a worse score at T0 that was ameliorated after the completion of the program (p < 0.001). Overall, MN program is effective in improving nutrition knowledge amongst 9–10-year-old students. Furthermore, students showed an increased ability to organise a weekly dietary plan after completing the MN program, a result which also bridged gender gaps. Thus, preventive nutrition education strategies specifically addressed to boys and girls, and involving both the school and family, are needed to make children aware of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and to correct inadequate eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Varì
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Silenzi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio d’Amore
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Catena
- Postgraduate School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Dong H, Wang Y, Li W, Dindin J. Socioeconomic disparities and inequality of mass sports participation: Analysis from Chinese General Social Survey 2010-2018. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1072944. [PMID: 36844848 PMCID: PMC9948005 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1072944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With industrialization, urbanization, and modernization, mass sports have entered people's daily lives to maintain their health status. However, less attention has been paid to the heterogeneity and inequality of access to mass sports, especially in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect mass sports participation in developing countries represented by China, and explain the changing trends and inequality in the class differentiation and mobility of public sports participation. Methods The study selected the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data in 2010 and 2018 as the research samples, and used an ordered Probit model and sub-sample regression to analyze the factors and trends of Chinese residents' mass sports participation and the influencing factors. By stratified three-stage probability sampling, the study obtained 4,940 valid responses, including 1,014 in CGSS 2010 and 3926 in CGSS 2018. Results First, in terms of social factors, urban residents have a higher frequency of sports participation than rural residents. Second, regarding family factors, residents with higher social classes are more likely to participate in sports than those with lower social classes. Third, in terms of self-induced factors, the elderly are more motivated to exercise than the young. Residents with public-sector jobs, high incomes, and higher education levels are keener to participate in sports. Fourth, residents' mass sports participation rate has generally shown an upward trend over time. Fifth, with time changes, the sports participation rate varies between urban and rural areas, between ethnic minorities and Han ethnic, between old and young age groups, and between higher and lower education levels will continue to shrink, but differences between social classes will further increase over time. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrated that hidden inequality existed in accessing mass sports participation in developing countries, and the self-induced characteristics were significantly correlated with the quality of sports participation. Future public sports policies should address the inequity to ensure equal access to affordable qualified personal mass sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Dong
- College of Teacher Education, University of Cordilleras, Baguio, Philippines
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ying Wang ✉
| | - Wen Li
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jennifer Dindin
- College of Teacher Education, University of Cordilleras, Baguio, Philippines
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Woźniak-Prus M, Gambin M, Sękowski M, Cudo A, Pisula E, Kiepura-Nawrocka E, Boruszak-Kiziukiewicz J, Kmita G. Positive experiences in the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland: The role of emotion regulation, empathy, parenting self-efficacy, and social support. FAMILY PROCESS 2023:e12856. [PMID: 36724769 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak being largely negative on parents and children, for some families, lockdown could also bring about some positive effects, for example, increased emotional closeness, and more time for joint activity. The aim of the current study was to investigate cross-sectionally the most important correlates of the positive experiences in the parent-child relationship among Polish mothers and fathers during the lockdown in the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. In May 2020, 228 mothers and 231 fathers completed the Brief version of the Empathic Sensitivity Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form, Social Support Scale, Parenting Self-Agency Measure, and Scale of Positive Experiences in Parent-Child Relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown. Our results showed that parenting self-efficacy and social support were the strongest correlates of positive experiences in the parent-child relationship in both mothers and fathers during the lockdown. Perspective-taking was positively related to the positive experiences in mothers, whereas personal distress was positively associated with the positive experiences in the parent-child relationship in fathers. Our results point to factors of potential importance in designing preventive and therapeutic interventions for mothers and fathers to enhance positive experiences in the parent-child relationship during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcin Sękowski
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cudo
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Pisula
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Grażyna Kmita
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
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Almeida TC, Fernandes RM, Cunha O. The role of positive childhood experiences in the link between childhood maltreatment and affective lability in a sample of incarcerated men and women. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 135:105969. [PMID: 36436298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with a history of child maltreatment (CM) tend to show high affective lability (AL) and criminal behavior. However, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may act as a protective factor even in the presence of child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between CM, PCEs, and AL in adulthood, identify the predictors of AL and analyze the moderating role of PCEs in the relationship between CM and AL in a sample of 424 incarcerated men (n = 343) and women (n = 81), aged between 18 and 73 years (M = 37.88). METHODS Participants responded to an online protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs), and the Affective Lability Scale - Short Version (ALS-18). RESULTS CM was positively associated with AL and negatively associated with PCEs, and PCEs are negatively associated with AL. Regression analyses, after controlling for age, sex, and education, confirmed the role of PCEs on AL, above and beyond CM. However, moderation analysis showed that PCEs did not moderate the relationship between CM and AL for either men or women. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the complexity of human development and behavior from early childhood into adulthood. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of PCEs in the relationship between ACEs and AL among inmates in order to develop more appropriate prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Catarina Almeida
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica, Portugal; CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, IUEM, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, IUEM, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Margarida Fernandes
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Caparica, Portugal; LabPSI - Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, IUEM, Portugal
| | - Olga Cunha
- Universidade Lusófona do Porto, Portugal; Hei-Lab, Portugal
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Tang J, Wang J, Pei Y, Dereje SB, Chen Q, Yan N, Luo Y, Wang Y, Wang W. How adverse and benevolent childhood experiences influence depression and suicidal ideation in Chinese undergraduates: a latent class analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:17. [PMID: 36823044 PMCID: PMC9989774 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been minimal research on the role of benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) and how such events may offer protection from the insidious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) or later in life. OBJECTIVES This research aims to learn how BCEs and ACEs interact to affect adolescents' psychological distress. METHODS Cross-sectional survey was conducted in three cities (Xuzhou, Nanjing, and Wuhan) in China from March 2021 to May 2021. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify the patterns of ACEs and BCEs. We adopted hierarchical multivariable regression to examine the influences of ACEs and BCEs on depression and suicidal ideation. RESULTS To explore the relationship between childhood experience and suicidal ideation and depression, LCA revealed three patterns of ACEs: (1) emotional abuse (10.57%); (2) high ACEs (0.55%); and (3) low ACEs classes (88.88%). Adolescents with emotional abuse (depression: OR = 3.82, 95%CI = 2.80-5.22, P < 0.001; suicidal ideation: OR = 5.766, 95%CI = 3.97-8.38, P < 0.001) and high ACEs class (suicidal ideation: OR = 5.93, 95%CI = 1.19-29.66, P < 0.05) had an increased risk of psychological distress (reference: low ACEs). LCA revealed four patterns of BCEs: (1) relationship support (14.54%); (2) low BCEs (4.85%); (3) high BCEs (55.34%); and (4) high quality of life classes (25.28%). Adolescents with a high quality of life (depression: OR = 0.09, 95%CI = 0.05-0.16, P < 0.001; suicidal ideation: OR = 0.22, 95%CI = 0.12-0.40, P < 0.001) and high BCEs (depression: OR = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.03-0.09, P < 0.001; suicidal ideation: OR = 0.15, 95%CI = 0.09-0.26, P < 0.001) protected the mental health of adolescents (reference: low BCEs). CONCLUSIONS High ACEs and emotional abuse classes were significantly associated with poorer mental health symptoms, including suicidal ideation and depression. In contrast, high BCEs and high quality of life classes were associated with better mental health. These findings point out that it is more necessary to identify and support victims of ACEs, and it is urgent to increase BCEs in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University
| | | | - Yifei Pei
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University
| | | | - Qian Chen
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Na Yan
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Yunjiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Yuhao Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University.,Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University
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Yu Z, Wang L, Chen W, Zhang J, Bettencourt AF. Positive Childhood Experiences Associate with Adult Flourishing Amidst Adversity: A Cross Sectional Survey Study with a National Sample of Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14956. [PMID: 36429674 PMCID: PMC9690672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of PCEs among young adults in Mainland China and the extent to which the cumulative number of PCEs moderates the associations between ACEs and flourishing in adulthood. Between August and November 2020, we used convenience and snowball sampling to recruit 9468 young adults, ages 18-35, enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs at universities in Mainland China to participate in a survey, which included measures on flourishing, exposure to ACEs and PCEs, and demographic characteristics. Approximately 92% of participants reported experiencing seven to nine PCEs, with harmonious family relationships (96.9%), feeling supported by friends (96.8%) and being treated fairly at school (96.3%) being the most common PCEs reported. Results of the multiple regression indicated that the cumulative number of PCEs statistically significantly moderated the relation between the cumulative number of ACEs and flourishing (interaction term b = -0.060 [-0.071, -0.049], p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.183); as the number of ACEs increased up through eight ACEs, decreases in flourishing were smaller among those with higher numbers of PCEs. PCEs are common among young adults from Mainland China and serve a potential buffering effect against exposure to ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Children Hospital of China Welfare Institution, Departments of Nursing, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Amie F. Bettencourt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Ronzón‐Tirado R, Redondo N, Muñoz‐Rivas MJ. Childhood maltreatment: The role of concurrent advantageous experiences on adolescents' psychosocial adjustment. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:595-607. [PMID: 35947768 PMCID: PMC9804907 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing body of evidence concerning the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence exposure (IPVE) and their correlates, little is currently known about the effects of co-occurring advantageous family conditions (e.g., instrumental support, inductive parenting, positive communication) and how they may serve to offset the detrimental effects of maltreatment and IPVE. The present study applied a three-step latent class analysis to identify the co-occurrence patterns of childhood maltreatment and advantageous family conditions among 1379 Spanish adolescents. The study also sought to identify the sociodemographic risk markers and psychosocial adjustment associated with each latent class membership. The analyses revealed four classes, namely (1) violent family context, (2) emotionally neglectful family context, (3) adverse and advantageous family conditions, and (4) positive family context. Having a lower socioeconomic status and being a migrant were both risk markers for membership to the violent family context as well as to the adverse and advantageous family conditions class. Adolescents who were exposed to advantageous family conditions (e.g., the positive family context or the adverse and advantageous family conditions) exhibited fewer psychosocial problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatisation) and lower frequencies of teen dating violence (TDV) when compared with those in the violent family context. Moreover, membership to the emotionally neglectful family context class was related to more psychological symptoms and a higher prevalence of TDV when compared with membership to the positive family context class, despite the absence of IPVE and maltreatment. Overall, the results provide evidence that advantageous family conditions contribute to better psychosocial adjustment on the part of adolescents even when exposed to IPV and maltreatment. Identifying the experiences that contribute to adolescents' psychosocial adjustment could help clinical and governmental interventions tailor their often-limited resources to children who are at greater risk of negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Ronzón‐Tirado
- Department of Biological and Health PsychologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Department of Biological and Health PsychologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marina J. Muñoz‐Rivas
- Department of Biological and Health PsychologyUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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Johnson D, Browne DT, Meade RD, Prime H, Wade M. Latent Classes of Adverse and Benevolent Childhood Experiences in a Multinational Sample of Parents and Their Relation to Parent, Child, and Family Functioning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13581. [PMID: 36294161 PMCID: PMC9603677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are known to contribute to later mental health. Conversely, Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) may buffer against mental health difficulties. The importance of ACEs and BCEs for mental health of both parents and children may be most obvious during periods of stress, with potential consequences for functioning of the family. Subgroups of ACEs and BCEs in parents during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated and validated in relation to indices of parent, child, and family well-being. In May 2020, ACEs/BCEs were assessed in 547 parents of 5-18-year-old children from the U.K., U.S., Canada, and Australia. Subgroups of parents with varying levels of ACEs and BCEs were identified via latent class analysis. The subgroups were validated by examining associations between class membership and indices of parent and child mental health and family well-being. Four latent classes were identified: low-ACEs/high-BCEs, moderate-ACEs/high-BCEs, moderate-ACEs/low-BCEs, and high-ACEs/moderate-BCEs. Regardless of the extent of BCEs, there was an increased risk of parent and child mental health difficulties and family dysfunction among those reporting moderate-to-high levels of ACEs. Parents' history of adversity may influence the mental health of their family. These findings highlight the importance of public health interventions for preventing early-life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Johnson
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada
| | - Dillon T. Browne
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robert D. Meade
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mark Wade
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V6, Canada
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47
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Murniati N, Al Aufa B, Kusuma D, Kamso S. A Scoping Review on Biopsychosocial Predictors of Mental Health among Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10909. [PMID: 36078627 PMCID: PMC9518331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to map the available evidence on biopsychosocial predictors of elderly mental health. The articles were independently screened in three selected databases, namely Pubmed, Proquest and Google Scholar. The stages consist of identifying the research questions, seeking and selecting relevant evidence, mapping data, and concluding and reporting results. The PRISMA flowchart was used to show the PEOS evidence search flow. A total of 23,722 articles were obtained from all databases during the initial search, where 458 titles fulfilled the eligibility criteria at the title screening stage. Furthermore, 383 articles passed through abstract screening, where 75 met the inclusion criteria and were included for full-text screening. Based on the full-text screening stage, 28 articles were excluded and the remaining 47 articles that matched the search process were included for data extraction. This review creates biopsychosocial variables related to the mental health of the elderly. The biological factors consist of age, biomarkers, female, health conditions, chronic diseases, and physical function. Variables related to psychological factors are affect, personality traits, and subjective well-being. Meanwhile, social factors include smoking, sleep quality, physical activity, daily living, social support, marital status, loneliness, religiosity, spirituality, and early life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Murniati
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Applied Health Science Department, Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Badra Al Aufa
- Applied Health Science Department, Vocational Education Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dian Kusuma
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sudijanto Kamso
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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闵 鹤, 吴 一, 孙 昕. [Relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits in residents aged over 18 years in China]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:483-489. [PMID: 35701125 PMCID: PMC9197718 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits in residents aged over 18 years in China by binary Logistic regression analysis, to identify the psychosocial factors that influence tobacco use, and to provide evidence to predict smoking susceptibility based on personality traits and prevent smoking at individual and family levels. METHODS Residents aged over 18 years in China were selected from "the Survey of Chinese Family Health Index (2021)". General characteristic questionnaire, short-form of family health scale, 10-item big five inventory were used to collect sociodemographic information, family health function and personality traits. And the relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits were analyzed by binary Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Totally 10 315 adults were collected, of whom there were 2 171 smokers. The smoking rate was 21.05%, 41.76% of the residents were male, 3.69% female, 20.03% urban, 23.77% rural, 12.60% aged between 18 and 35 years, 27.11% aged between 36 and 59 years, 34.35% aged over 60 years, and the smoking rate varied in gender, location, age, education, marital status, family types, and average household monthly income (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the scores of family health, family social and emotional health processes, family healthy lifestyle, family health resources, family external social support, agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism among smokers were lower than those of the non-smokers (P < 0.05). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the residents over 35 years old, with low educational level and divorced were the risk factors to smoking (P < 0.05), while female, unmarried, nuclear family, high scores of family social and emotional health processes and family health resources, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness were the protective factors to smoking (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Besides gender, age, location, education, marital status, family types and average household monthly income, family health, and personality traits were also important factors influencing smoking status. Tobacco control based on personality traits and family health is essential, and more convincing research is necessary to determine the relation of tobacco use, tobacco dependence and smoking cessation to family health and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鹤葳 闵
- />北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系, 北京 100191Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 一波 吴
- />北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系, 北京 100191Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 昕霙 孙
- />北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系, 北京 100191Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
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闵 鹤, 吴 一, 孙 昕. [Relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits in residents aged over 18 years in China]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:483-489. [PMID: 35701125 PMCID: PMC9197718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits in residents aged over 18 years in China by binary Logistic regression analysis, to identify the psychosocial factors that influence tobacco use, and to provide evidence to predict smoking susceptibility based on personality traits and prevent smoking at individual and family levels. METHODS Residents aged over 18 years in China were selected from "the Survey of Chinese Family Health Index (2021)". General characteristic questionnaire, short-form of family health scale, 10-item big five inventory were used to collect sociodemographic information, family health function and personality traits. And the relation of smoking status to family health and personality traits were analyzed by binary Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Totally 10 315 adults were collected, of whom there were 2 171 smokers. The smoking rate was 21.05%, 41.76% of the residents were male, 3.69% female, 20.03% urban, 23.77% rural, 12.60% aged between 18 and 35 years, 27.11% aged between 36 and 59 years, 34.35% aged over 60 years, and the smoking rate varied in gender, location, age, education, marital status, family types, and average household monthly income (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the scores of family health, family social and emotional health processes, family healthy lifestyle, family health resources, family external social support, agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism among smokers were lower than those of the non-smokers (P < 0.05). The results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the residents over 35 years old, with low educational level and divorced were the risk factors to smoking (P < 0.05), while female, unmarried, nuclear family, high scores of family social and emotional health processes and family health resources, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness were the protective factors to smoking (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Besides gender, age, location, education, marital status, family types and average household monthly income, family health, and personality traits were also important factors influencing smoking status. Tobacco control based on personality traits and family health is essential, and more convincing research is necessary to determine the relation of tobacco use, tobacco dependence and smoking cessation to family health and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鹤葳 闵
- />北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系, 北京 100191Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 一波 吴
- />北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系, 北京 100191Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 昕霙 孙
- />北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育学系, 北京 100191Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
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50
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Zheng Z, Zhao J, Nogueira L, Han X, Fan Q, Yabroff KR. Associations of Parental Cancer With School Absenteeism, Medical Care Unaffordability, Health Care Use, and Mental Health Among Children. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:593-601. [PMID: 35404397 PMCID: PMC9002718 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance A cancer diagnosis can adversely affect other members of the family, including children. However, little is known about the extent to which history of parental cancer affects children's health. Objective To examine associations of parental cancer with children's school absenteeism, medical care unaffordability, health care use, and mental health. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional, nationally representative study used data from the 2010-2018 National Health Interview Survey. Statistical analyses were conducted from January to September 2021. Children aged 5 to 17 years living in families with and without a history of parental cancer were identified. Characteristics were grouped into child, parent, and family variables. Sequential multivariable regressions were conducted for unadjusted analyses and with the adjustment of child, parent, and family characteristics to assess associations between parental cancer and child outcomes. Exposures History of parental cancer. Main Outcomes and Measures School absenteeism, medical care unaffordability, health care use, and mental health. Results A total of 1232 children (mean [SD] age, 11.7 [0.13] years; 579 [48.6%] female; weighted N = 846 730; 3.4% of total sample) were living in families with a history of parental cancer. Compared with 33 870 children without a history of parental cancer (mean [SD] age, 10.8 [0.03]; 16 287 [48.8%] female; weighted N = 24 315 452; 96.6% of total sample), children of cancer survivors were more likely to be older, non-Hispanic White, and living in single parent families. Parents with a history of cancer were more likely to be older, to be female, to have more comorbid conditions, and to have public health insurance compared with parents without a history of cancer. History of parental cancer was adversely associated with school absenteeism, medical care unaffordability, health care use, and mental health among children. Sequential adjustment with child, parent, and family characteristics reduced the magnitude of the associations. For example, the odds ratios for school absenteeism of 1 day or more changed from 1.33 (95% CI, 1.11-1.59; P = .002) to 1.12 (95% CI, 0.93-1.34; P = .23) and for any child hospital emergency department visit from 1.56 (95% CI, 1.31-1.86; P < .001) to 1.36 (95 % CI, 1.13-1.64; P < .001). Similar results were found for medical care unaffordability, prescription medication use, and mental health. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, parental cancer was associated with school absenteeism, medical care unaffordability, increased health care use, and poor mental health among children. Health care professionals and policies should consider the unique needs of affected children and develop school-, parent-, and family-directed strategies to ameliorate the negative associations between parental cancer and children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zheng
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jingxuan Zhao
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leticia Nogueira
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xuesong Han
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qinjin Fan
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - K. Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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