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Li S, Brakebusch C. Reporter Mice for Gene Editing: A Key Tool for Advancing Gene Therapy of Rare Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:1508. [PMID: 39273078 DOI: 10.3390/cells13171508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Most rare diseases are caused by mutations and can have devastating consequences. Precise gene editing by CRISPR/Cas is an exciting possibility for helping these patients, if no irreversible developmental defects have occurred. To optimize gene editing therapy, reporter mice for gene editing have been generated which, by expression of reporter genes, indicate the efficiency of precise and imprecise gene editing. These mice are important tools for testing and comparing novel gene editing methodologies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of reporter mice for gene editing which all have been used for monitoring CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing involving DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, we discuss how reporter mice can be used for quickly checking genetic alterations by base editing (BE) or prime editing (PE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Li
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Wollman J, Wanniarachchi K, Pradhan B, Huang L, Kerkvliet JG, Hoppe AD, Thiex NW. Mannose receptor (MRC1) mediates uptake of dextran in macrophages via receptor-mediated endocytosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.13.607841. [PMID: 39211167 PMCID: PMC11360935 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.13.607841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages maintain surveillance of their environment using receptor-mediated endocytosis and pinocytosis. Receptor-mediated endocytosis allows macrophages to recognize and internalize specific ligands whereas macropinocytosis non-selectively internalizes extracellular fluids and solutes. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 whole-genome screens were used to identify genes regulating constitutive and growth factor-stimulated dextran uptake in murine bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). The endocytic mannose receptor c-type 1 ( Mrc1 , also known as CD206) was a top hit in the screen. Targeted gene disruptions of Mrc1 reduced dextran uptake but had little effect on uptake of Lucifer yellow, a fluid-phase marker. Other screen hits also differentially affected the uptake of dextran and Lucifer yellow, indicating the solutes are internalized by different mechanisms. We further deduced that BMDMs take up dextran via MRC1-mediated endocytosis by showing that competition with mannan, a ligand of MRC1, as well as treatment with Dyngo-4a, a dynamin inhibitor, reduced dextran uptake. Finally, we observed that IL4-treated BMDM internalize more dextran than untreated BMDM by upregulating MRC1 expression. These results demonstrate that dextran is not an effective marker for the bulk uptake of fluids and solutes by macropinocytosis since it is internalized by both macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis in cells expressing MRC1. This report identifies numerous genes that regulate dextran internalization in primary murine macrophages and predicts cellular pathways and processes regulating MRC1. This work lays the groundwork for identifying specific genes and regulatory networks that regulate MRC1 expression and MRC1-mediated endocytosis in macrophages. Significance Statement Macrophages constantly survey and clear tissues by specifically and non-specifically internalizing debris and solutes. However, the molecular mechanisms and modes of regulation of these endocytic and macropinocytic processes are not well understood. Here, CRISPR/Cas9 whole genome screens were used to identify genes regulating uptake of dextran, a sugar polymer that is frequently used as a marker macropinocytosis, and compared with Lucifer yellow, a fluorescent dye with no known receptors. The authors identified the mannose receptor as well as other proteins regulating expression of the mannose receptor as top hits in the screen. Targeted disruption of Mrc1 , the gene that encodes mannose receptor, greatly diminished dextran uptake but had no effect on cellular uptake of Lucifer yellow. Furthermore, exposure to the cytokine IL4 upregulated mannose receptor expression on the cell surface and increased uptake of dextran with little effect on Lucifer yellow uptake. Studies seeking to understand regulation of macropinocytosis in macrophages will be confounded by the use of dextran as a fluid-phase marker. MRC1 is a marker of alternatively activated/anti-inflammatory macrophages and is a potential target for delivery of therapeutics to macrophages. This work provides the basis for mechanistic underpinning of how MRC1 contributes to the receptor-mediated uptake of carbohydrates and glycoproteins from the tissue milieu and distinguishes genes regulating receptor-mediated endocytosis from those regulating the bona fide fluid-phase uptake of fluids and solutes by macropinocytosis.
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3
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Krammer T, Stuart HT, Gromberg E, Ishihara K, Cislo D, Melchionda M, Becerril Perez F, Wang J, Costantini E, Lehr S, Arbanas L, Hörmann A, Neumüller RA, Elvassore N, Siggia E, Briscoe J, Kicheva A, Tanaka EM. Mouse neural tube organoids self-organize floorplate through BMP-mediated cluster competition. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1940-1953.e10. [PMID: 38776925 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
During neural tube (NT) development, the notochord induces an organizer, the floorplate, which secretes Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) to pattern neural progenitors. Conversely, NT organoids (NTOs) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) spontaneously form floorplates without the notochord, demonstrating that stem cells can self-organize without embryonic inducers. Here, we investigated floorplate self-organization in clonal mouse NTOs. Expression of the floorplate marker FOXA2 was initially spatially scattered before resolving into multiple clusters, which underwent competition and sorting, resulting in a stable "winning" floorplate. We identified that BMP signaling governed long-range cluster competition. FOXA2+ clusters expressed BMP4, suppressing FOXA2 in receiving cells while simultaneously expressing the BMP-inhibitor NOGGIN, promoting cluster persistence. Noggin mutation perturbed floorplate formation in NTOs and in the NT in vivo at mid/hindbrain regions, demonstrating how the floorplate can form autonomously without the notochord. Identifying the pathways governing organizer self-organization is critical for harnessing the developmental plasticity of stem cells in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Krammer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah T Stuart
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Elena Gromberg
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keisuke Ishihara
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dillon Cislo
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Fernando Becerril Perez
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jingkui Wang
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Costantini
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Lehr
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Laura Arbanas
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova & Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Eric Siggia
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna Kicheva
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Cao Y, Li X, Pan Y, Wang H, Yang S, Hong L, Ye L. CRISPR-based genetic screens advance cancer immunology. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2571-0. [PMID: 39048715 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
CRISPR technologies have revolutionized research areas ranging from fundamental science to translational medicine. CRISPR-based genetic screens offer a powerful platform for unbiased screening in various fields, such as cancer immunology. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has been shown to strongly affect cancer treatment. However, the currently available ICBs are limited and do not work in all cancer patients. Pooled CRISPR screens enable the identification of previously unknown immune regulators that can regulate T-cell activation, cytotoxicity, persistence, infiltration into tumors, cytokine secretion, memory formation, T-cell metabolism, and CD4+ T-cell differentiation. These novel targets can be developed as new immunotherapies or used with the current ICBs as new combination therapies that may yield synergistic efficacy. Here, we review the progress made in the development of CRISPR technologies, particularly technological advances in CRISPR screens and their application in novel target identification for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Cao
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yumu Pan
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huahe Wang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lingjuan Hong
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lupeng Ye
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Zhu M, Gu B, Thomas EC, Huang Y, Kim YK, Tao H, Yung TM, Chen X, Zhang K, Woolaver EK, Nevin MR, Huang X, Winklbauer R, Rossant J, Sun Y, Hopyan S. A fibronectin gradient remodels mixed-phase mesoderm. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6366. [PMID: 39028807 PMCID: PMC11259159 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Physical processes ultimately shape tissue during development. Two emerging proposals are that cells migrate toward stiffer tissue (durotaxis) and that the extent of cell rearrangements reflects tissue phase, but it is unclear whether and how these concepts are related. Here, we identify fibronectin-dependent tissue stiffness as a control variable that underlies and unifies these phenomena in vivo. In murine limb bud mesoderm, cells are either caged, move directionally, or intercalate as a function of their location along a stiffness gradient. A modified Landau phase equation that incorporates tissue stiffness accurately predicts cell diffusivity upon loss or gain of fibronectin. Fibronectin is regulated by WNT5A-YAP feedback that controls cell movements, tissue shape, and skeletal pattern. The results identify a key determinant of phase transition and show how fibronectin-dependent directional cell movement emerges in a mixed-phase environment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Evan C. Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Yunyun Huang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Yun-Kyo Kim
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Hirotaka Tao
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Theodora M. Yung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth K. Woolaver
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mikaela R. Nevin
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rudolph Winklbauer
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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6
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Zhang L, Wu Z, Qiu X, Zhang J, Cheng SC. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 is dispensable in macrophage differentiation and anti-pathogen response. Commun Biol 2024; 7:817. [PMID: 38965342 PMCID: PMC11224350 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in orchestrating the immune response against pathogens. While the intricate interplay between macrophage activation and metabolism remains a subject of intense investigation, the role of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (Got1) in this context has not been extensively assessed. Here, we investigate the impact of Got1 on macrophage polarization and function, shedding light on its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, pathogen defense, and immune paralysis. Using genetically modified mouse models, including both myeloid specific knockout and overexpression, we comprehensively demonstrate that Got1 depletion leads to reduced ROS production in macrophages. Intriguingly, this impairment in ROS generation does not affect the resistance of Got1 KO mice to pathogenic challenges. Furthermore, Got1 is dispensable for M2 macrophage differentiation and does not influence the onset of LPS-induced immune paralysis. Our findings underscore the intricate facets of macrophage responses, suggesting that Got1 is dispensable in discrete immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhengyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xuanhui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shih-Chin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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7
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Li M, Wang Y, Wei X, Cai WF, Wu J, Zhu M, Wang Y, Liu YH, Xiong J, Qu Q, Chen Y, Tian X, Yao L, Xie R, Li X, Chen S, Huang X, Zhang C, Xie C, Wu Y, Xu Z, Zhang B, Jiang B, Wang ZC, Li Q, Li G, Lin SY, Yu L, Piao HL, Deng X, Han J, Zhang CS, Lin SC. AMPK targets PDZD8 to trigger carbon source shift from glucose to glutamine. Cell Res 2024:10.1038/s41422-024-00985-6. [PMID: 38898113 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The shift of carbon utilization from primarily glucose to other nutrients is a fundamental metabolic adaptation to cope with decreased blood glucose levels and the consequent decline in glucose oxidation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays crucial roles in this metabolic adaptation. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that PDZ domain containing 8 (PDZD8), which we identify as a new substrate of AMPK activated in low glucose, is required for the low glucose-promoted glutaminolysis. AMPK phosphorylates PDZD8 at threonine 527 (T527) and promotes the interaction of PDZD8 with and activation of glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a rate-limiting enzyme of glutaminolysis. In vivo, the AMPK-PDZD8-GLS1 axis is required for the enhancement of glutaminolysis as tested in the skeletal muscle tissues, which occurs earlier than the increase in fatty acid utilization during fasting. The enhanced glutaminolysis is also observed in macrophages in low glucose or under acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Consistent with a requirement of heightened glutaminolysis, the PDZD8-T527A mutation dampens the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages in mice treated with LPS. Together, we have revealed an AMPK-PDZD8-GLS1 axis that promotes glutaminolysis ahead of increased fatty acid utilization under glucose shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Feng Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Laboratory Animal Research Centre, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinye Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Luming Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Renxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zheni Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Baoding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gang Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Yong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Sheng-Cai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Sladky VC, Strong MA, Tapias-Gomez D, Jewett CE, Drown CG, Scott PM, Holland AJ. The AID2 system offers a potent tool for rapid, reversible, or sustained degradation of essential proteins in live mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597287. [PMID: 38895390 PMCID: PMC11185741 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Studying essential genes required for dynamic processes in live mice is challenging as genetic perturbations are irreversible and limited by slow protein depletion kinetics. The first-generation auxin-inducible-degron (AID) system is a powerful tool for analyzing inducible protein loss in cultured cells. However, auxin administration is toxic to mice, preventing its long-term use in animals. Here, we use an optimized second-generation AID system to achieve the conditional and reversible loss of the essential centrosomal protein CEP192 in live mice. We show that the auxin derivative 5-Ph-IAA is well tolerated over two weeks and drives near-complete CEP192-mAID degradation in less than one hour in vivo. Prolonged CEP192 loss led to cell division failure and cell death in proliferative tissues. Thus, the second-generation AID system is well suited for rapid and/or sustained protein depletion in live mice, offering a valuable new tool for interrogating protein function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina C Sladky
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Margaret A Strong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daniel Tapias-Gomez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Cayla E Jewett
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Chelsea G Drown
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Phillip M Scott
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, MD, Baltimore, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205, MD, Baltimore, USA
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9
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Sarangi P, Kumar N, Sambasivan R, Ramalingam S, Amit S, Chandra D, Jayandharan GR. AAV mediated genome engineering with a bypass coagulation factor alleviates the bleeding phenotype in a murine model of hemophilia B. Thromb Res 2024; 238:151-160. [PMID: 38718473 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to develop a long-term therapy that targets hemophilia A and B, including inhibitor-positive patients. We have developed an Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based strategy to integrate the bypass coagulation factor, activated FVII (murine, mFVIIa) gene into the Rosa26 locus using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 mediated gene-editing. AAV vectors designed for expression of guide RNA (AAV8-gRNA), Cas9 (AAV2 neddylation mutant-Cas9), and mFVIIa (AAV8-mFVIIa) flanked by homology arms of the target locus were validated in vitro. Hemophilia B mice were administered with AAV carrying gRNA, Cas9 (1 × 1011 vgs/mouse), and mFVIIa with homology arms (2 × 1011 vgs/mouse) with appropriate controls. Functional rescue was documented with suitable coagulation assays at various time points. The data from the T7 endonuclease assay revealed a cleavage efficiency of 20-42 %. Further, DNA sequencing confirmed the targeted integration of mFVIIa into the safe-harbor Rosa26 locus. The prothrombin time (PT) assay revealed a significant reduction in PT in mice that received the gene-editing vectors (22 %), and a 13 % decline in mice that received only the AAV-FVIIa when compared to mock treated mice, 8 weeks after vector administration. Furthermore, FVIIa activity in mice that received triple gene-editing vectors was higher (122.5mIU/mL vs 28.8mIU/mL) than the mock group up to 15 weeks post vector administration. A hemostatic challenge by tail clip assay revealed that hemophilia B mice injected with only FVIIa or the gene-editing vectors had significant reduction in blood loss. In conclusion, AAV based gene-editing facilitates sustained expression of coagulation FVIIa and phenotypic rescue in hemophilia B mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Sarangi
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sonal Amit
- Autonomous State Medical College, Kumbhi, Akbarpur, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Giridhara R Jayandharan
- Laurus Center for Gene Therapy, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine and Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, UP, India.
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10
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Song IW, Washington M, Leynes C, Hsu J, Rayavara K, Bae Y, Haelterman N, Chen Y, Jiang MM, Drelich A, Tat V, Lanza DG, Lorenzo I, Heaney JD, Tseng CTK, Lee B, Marom R. Generation of a humanized mAce2 and a conditional hACE2 mouse models permissive to SARS-COV-2 infection. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:113-121. [PMID: 38488938 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health concern and a subject of active research effort. Development of pre-clinical animal models is critical to study viral-host interaction, tissue tropism, disease mechanisms, therapeutic approaches, and long-term sequelae of infection. Here, we report two mouse models for studying SARS-CoV-2: A knock-in mAce2F83Y,H353K mouse that expresses a mouse-human hybrid form of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor under the endogenous mouse Ace2 promoter, and a Rosa26 conditional knock-in mouse carrying the human ACE2 allele (Rosa26hACE2). Although the mAce2F83Y,H353K mice were susceptible to intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2, they did not show gross phenotypic abnormalities. Next, we generated a Rosa26hACE2;CMV-Cre mouse line that ubiquitously expresses the human ACE2 receptor. By day 3 post infection with SARS-CoV-2, Rosa26hACE2;CMV-Cre mice showed significant weight loss, a variable degree of alveolar wall thickening and reduced survival rates. Viral load measurements confirmed inoculation in lung and brain tissues of infected Rosa26hACE2;CMV-Cre mice. The phenotypic spectrum displayed by our different mouse models translates to the broad range of clinical symptoms seen in the human patients and can serve as a resource for the community to model and explore both treatment strategies and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megan Washington
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carolina Leynes
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Kempaiah Rayavara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nele Haelterman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Vivian Tat
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Denise G Lanza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chien-Te Kent Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Rao Y, Liang LW, Li MJ, Wang YY, Wang BZ, Gou KM. Transgenic female mice producing trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid present excessive prostaglandin E2, adrenaline, corticosterone, glucagon, and FGF21. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12430. [PMID: 38816541 PMCID: PMC11139873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) is a potential candidate in anti-obesity trials. A transgenic mouse was previously successfully established to determine the anti-obesity properties of t10c12-CLA in male mice that could produce endogenous t10c12-CLA. To test whether there is a different impact of t10c12-CLA on lipid metabolism in both sexes, this study investigated the adiposity and metabolic profiles of female Pai mice that exhibited a dose-dependent expression of foreign Pai gene and a shift of t10c12-CLA content in tested tissues. Compared to their gender-match wild-type littermates, Pai mice had no fat reduction but exhibited enhanced lipolysis and thermogenesis by phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase and up-regulating uncoupling proteins in brown adipose tissue. Simultaneously, Pai mice showed hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia by decreasing gene expression involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Further investigations revealed that t10c10-CLA induced excessive prostaglandin E2, adrenaline, corticosterone, glucagon and inflammatory factors in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in less heat release and oxygen consumption in Pai mice. Moreover, fibroblast growth factor 21 overproduction only in monoallelic Pai/wt mice indicates that it was sensitive to low doses of t10c12-CLA. These results suggest that chronic t10c12-CLA has system-wide effects on female health via synergistic actions of various hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Lu-Wen Liang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mei-Juan Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550005, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ke-Mian Gou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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12
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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Sharma A, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0. [PMID: 38795286 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of S-phase proliferative tip cells relative to stalk cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip and stalk cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest and dynamics at the front. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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13
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Clark AT, Russo-Savage L, Ashton LA, Haghshenas N, Schulman IG. A Novel Mutation in LXRα Uncovers a Role for Cholesterol Sensing in Limiting Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593869. [PMID: 38798597 PMCID: PMC11118525 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver x receptor alpha (LXRα, Nr1h3) functions as an important intracellular cholesterol sensor that regulates fat and cholesterol metabolism at the transcriptional level in response to the direct binding of cholesterol derivatives. We have generated mice with a mutation in LXRα that reduces activity in response to endogenous cholesterol derived LXR ligands while still allowing transcriptional activation by synthetic agonists. The mutant LXRα functions as a dominant negative that shuts down cholesterol sensing. When fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet LXRα mutant mice rapidly develop pathologies associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) including ballooning hepatocytes, liver inflammation, and fibrosis. Strikingly LXRα mutant mice have decreased liver triglycerides but increased liver cholesterol. Therefore, MASH-like phenotypes can arise in the absence of large increases in triglycerides. Reengaging LXR signaling by treatment with synthetic agonist reverses MASH suggesting that LXRα normally functions to impede the development of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis T. Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Lillian Russo-Savage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- These authors contributed equally to the work
- Current address: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Luke A. Ashton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Niki Haghshenas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ira G. Schulman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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14
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Diepstraten ST, Yuan Y, La Marca JE, Young S, Chang C, Whelan L, Ross AM, Fischer KC, Pomilio G, Morris R, Georgiou A, Litalien V, Brown FC, Roberts AW, Strasser A, Wei AH, Kelly GL. Putting the STING back into BH3-mimetic drugs for TP53-mutant blood cancers. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:850-868.e9. [PMID: 38670091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
TP53-mutant blood cancers remain a clinical challenge. BH3-mimetic drugs inhibit BCL-2 pro-survival proteins, inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Despite acting downstream of p53, functional p53 is required for maximal cancer cell killing by BH3-mimetics through an unknown mechanism. Here, we report p53 is activated following BH3-mimetic induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leading to BH3-only protein induction and thereby potentiating the pro-apoptotic signal. TP53-deficient lymphomas lack this feedforward loop, providing opportunities for survival and disease relapse after BH3-mimetic treatment. The therapeutic barrier imposed by defects in TP53 can be overcome by direct activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, which promotes apoptosis of blood cancer cells through p53-independent BH3-only protein upregulation. Combining clinically relevant STING agonists with BH3-mimetic drugs efficiently kills TRP53/TP53-mutant mouse B lymphoma, human NK/T lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia cells. This represents a promising therapy regime that can be fast-tracked to tackle TP53-mutant blood cancers in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Diepstraten
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Yin Yuan
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - John E La Marca
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Genome Engineering and Cancer Modelling Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Savannah Young
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine Chang
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren Whelan
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aisling M Ross
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Medicine, Bernal Institute, Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre & Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karla C Fischer
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Morris
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angela Georgiou
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Veronique Litalien
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona C Brown
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew W Roberts
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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15
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Lieberman MM, Tong JH, Odukwe NU, Chavel CA, Purdon TJ, Burchett R, Gillard BM, Brackett CM, McGray AJR, Bramson JL, Brentjens RJ, Lee KP, Olejniczak SH. Endogenous CD28 drives CAR T cell responses in multiple myeloma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586084. [PMID: 38562904 PMCID: PMC10983979 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent FDA approvals of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) have reshaped the therapeutic landscape for this incurable cancer. In pivotal clinical trials B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) targeted, 4-1BB co-stimulated (BBζ) CAR T cells dramatically outperformed standard-of-care chemotherapy, yet most patients experienced MM relapse within two years of therapy, underscoring the need to improve CAR T cell efficacy in MM. We set out to determine if inhibition of MM bone marrow microenvironment (BME) survival signaling could increase sensitivity to CAR T cells. In contrast to expectations, blocking the CD28 MM survival signal with abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) accelerated disease relapse following CAR T therapy in preclinical models, potentially due to blocking CD28 signaling in CAR T cells. Knockout studies confirmed that endogenous CD28 expressed on BBζ CAR T cells drove in vivo anti-MM activity. Mechanistically, CD28 reprogrammed mitochondrial metabolism to maintain redox balance and CAR T cell proliferation in the MM BME. Transient CD28 inhibition with abatacept restrained rapid BBζ CAR T cell expansion and limited inflammatory cytokines in the MM BME without significantly affecting long-term survival of treated mice. Overall, data directly demonstrate a need for CD28 signaling for sustained in vivo function of CAR T cells and indicate that transient CD28 blockade could reduce cytokine release and associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie M. Lieberman
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jason H. Tong
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Nkechi U. Odukwe
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Colin A. Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Terence J. Purdon
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rebecca Burchett
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan M. Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Craig M. Brackett
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - A. J. Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Renier J. Brentjens
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Scott H. Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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16
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Trotter TN, Wilson A, McBane J, Dagotto CE, Yang XY, Wei JP, Lei G, Thrash H, Snyder JC, Lyerly HK, Hartman ZC. Overcoming Xenoantigen Immunity to Enable Cellular Tracking and Gene Regulation with Immune-competent "NoGlow" Mice. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1050-1062. [PMID: 38592453 PMCID: PMC11003454 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The ability to temporally regulate gene expression and track labeled cells makes animal models powerful biomedical tools. However, sudden expression of xenobiotic genes [e.g., GFP, luciferase (Luc), or rtTA3] can trigger inadvertent immunity that suppresses foreign protein expression or results in complete rejection of transplanted cells. Germline exposure to foreign antigens somewhat addresses these challenges; however, native fluorescence and bioluminescence abrogates the utility of reporter proteins and highly spatiotemporally restricted expression can lead to suboptimal xenoantigen tolerance. To overcome these unwanted immune responses and enable reliable cell tracking/gene regulation, we developed a novel mouse model that selectively expresses antigen-intact but nonfunctional forms of GFP and Luc, as well as rtTA3, after CRE-mediated recombination. Using tissue-specific CREs, we observed model and sex-based differences in immune tolerance to the encoded xenoantigens, illustrating the obstacles of tolerizing animals to foreign genes and validating the utility of these "NoGlow" mice to dissect mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance. Critically, tissue unrestricted NoGlow mice possess no detectable background fluorescence or luminescence and exhibit limited adaptive immunity against encoded transgenic xenoantigens after vaccination. Moreover, we demonstrate that NoGlow mice allow tracking and tetracycline-inducible gene regulation of triple-transgenic cells expressing GFP/Luc/rtTA3, in contrast to transgene-negative immune-competent mice that eliminate these cells or prohibit metastatic seeding. Notably, this model enables de novo metastasis from orthotopically implanted, triple-transgenic tumor cells, despite high xenoantigen expression. Altogether, the NoGlow model provides a critical resource for in vivo studies across disciplines, including oncology, developmental biology, infectious disease, autoimmunity, and transplantation. SIGNIFICANCE Multitolerant NoGlow mice enable tracking and gene manipulation of transplanted tumor cells without immune-mediated rejection, thus providing a platform to investigate novel mechanisms of adaptive immunity related to metastasis, immunotherapy, and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jason McBane
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jun-Ping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gangjun Lei
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hannah Thrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua C. Snyder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary C. Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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17
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Angelozzi M, Karvande A, Lefebvre V. SOXC are critical regulators of adult bone mass. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2956. [PMID: 38580651 PMCID: PMC10997656 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pivotal in many ways for human health, the control of adult bone mass is governed by complex, incompletely understood crosstalk namely between mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The SOX4, SOX11 and SOX12 (SOXC) transcription factors were previously shown to control many developmental processes, including skeletogenesis, and SOX4 was linked to osteoporosis, but how SOXC control adult bone mass remains unknown. Using SOXC loss- and gain-of-function mouse models, we show here that SOXC redundantly promote prepubertal cortical bone mass strengthening whereas only SOX4 mitigates adult trabecular bone mass accrual in early adulthood and subsequent maintenance. SOX4 favors bone resorption over formation by lowering osteoblastogenesis and increasing osteoclastogenesis. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals its prevalent expression in Lepr+ mesenchymal cells and ability to upregulate genes for prominent anti-osteoblastogenic and pro-osteoclastogenic factors, including interferon signaling-related chemokines, contributing to these adult stem cells' secretome. SOXC, with SOX4 predominantly, are thus key regulators of adult bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Watanuki S, Kobayashi H, Sugiura Y, Yamamoto M, Karigane D, Shiroshita K, Sorimachi Y, Fujita S, Morikawa T, Koide S, Oshima M, Nishiyama A, Murakami K, Haraguchi M, Tamaki S, Yamamoto T, Yabushita T, Tanaka Y, Nagamatsu G, Honda H, Okamoto S, Goda N, Tamura T, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suematsu M, Iwama A, Suda T, Takubo K. Context-dependent modification of PFKFB3 in hematopoietic stem cells promotes anaerobic glycolysis and ensures stress hematopoiesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP87674. [PMID: 38573813 PMCID: PMC10994660 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are plastic and rapidly change in response to stress or perturbation. Current metabolic profiling techniques require lysis of many cells, complicating the tracking of metabolic changes over time after stress in rare cells such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we aimed to identify the key metabolic enzymes that define differences in glycolytic metabolism between steady-state and stress conditions in murine HSCs and elucidate their regulatory mechanisms. Through quantitative 13C metabolic flux analysis of glucose metabolism using high-sensitivity glucose tracing and mathematical modeling, we found that HSCs activate the glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) during proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition. Real-time measurement of ATP levels in single HSCs demonstrated that proliferative stress or OXPHOS inhibition led to accelerated glycolysis via increased activity of PFKFB3, the enzyme regulating an allosteric PFK activator, within seconds to meet ATP requirements. Furthermore, varying stresses differentially activated PFKFB3 via PRMT1-dependent methylation during proliferative stress and via AMPK-dependent phosphorylation during OXPHOS inhibition. Overexpression of Pfkfb3 induced HSC proliferation and promoted differentiated cell production, whereas inhibition or loss of Pfkfb3 suppressed them. This study reveals the flexible and multilayered regulation of HSC glycolytic metabolism to sustain hematopoiesis under stress and provides techniques to better understand the physiological metabolism of rare hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Watanuki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Cell Fate Biology and Stem Cell Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kohei Shiroshita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and EngineeringTokyoJapan
| | - Shinya Fujita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shuhei Koide
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Miho Haraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shinpei Tamaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Yabushita
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Go Nagamatsu
- Center for Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies, University of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencySaitamaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and EngineeringTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental AnimalsKanagawaJapan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Cell Fate Biology and Stem Cell Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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19
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Lanza DG, Mao J, Lorenzo I, Liao L, Seavitt JR, Ljungberg MC, Simpson EM, DeMayo FJ, Heaney JD. An oocyte-specific Cas9-expressing mouse for germline CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. Genesis 2024; 62:e23589. [PMID: 38523431 PMCID: PMC10987075 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Cas9 transgenes can be employed for genome editing in mouse zygotes. However, using transgenic instead of exogenous Cas9 to produce gene-edited animals creates unique issues including ill-defined transgene integration sites, the potential for prolonged Cas9 expression in transgenic embryos, and increased genotyping burden. To overcome these issues, we generated mice harboring an oocyte-specific, Gdf9 promoter driven, Cas9 transgene (Gdf9-Cas9) targeted as a single copy into the Hprt1 locus. The X-linked Hprt1 locus was selected because it is a defined integration site that does not influence transgene expression, and breeding of transgenic males generates obligate transgenic females to serve as embryo donors. Using microinjections and electroporation to introduce sgRNAs into zygotes derived from transgenic dams, we demonstrate that Gdf9-Cas9 mediates genome editing as efficiently as exogenous Cas9 at several loci. We show that genome editing efficiency is independent of transgene inheritance, verifying that maternally derived Cas9 facilitates genome editing. We also show that paternal inheritance of Gdf9-Cas9 does not mediate genome editing, confirming that Gdf9-Cas9 is not expressed in embryos. Finally, we demonstrate that off-target mutagenesis is equally rare when using transgenic or exogenous Cas9. Together, these results show that the Gdf9-Cas9 transgene is a viable alternative to exogenous Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise G. Lanza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Jianqiang Mao
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - John R. Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
- Present address: The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main St., Bar Harbor, Maine, ME, USA 04609
| | - M. Cecilia Ljungberg
- Department of Pediatrics – Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - Elizabeth M. Simpson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at BC Children’s Hospital Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27709
| | - Jason D. Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA 77030
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20
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Hao X, Fu Y, Li S, Nie J, Zhang B, Zhang H. Porcine transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) regulates muscle growth via the Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/Ca 2+ pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130855. [PMID: 38490377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels allow the intracellular entry of Ca2+ and play important roles in several physio-pathological processes. In this study, we constructed transgenic mice expressing porcine TRPC1 (Tg-pTRPC1) to verify the effects of TRPC1 on skeletal muscle growth and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Porcine TRPC1 increased the muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area, and exercise endurance of mice and accelerated muscle repair and regeneration. TRPC1 overexpression enhanced β-catenin expression and promoted myogenesis, which was partly reversed by inhibitors of β-catenin. TRPC1 facilitated the accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ and nuclear translocation of the NFATC2/NFATC2IP complex involved in the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway, promoting muscle growth. Paired related homeobox 1 (Prrx1) promoted the expression of TRPC1, NFATC2, and NFATC2IP that participate in the regulation of muscle growth. Taken together, our findings indicate that porcine TRPC1 promoted by Prrx1 could regulate muscle development through activating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingru Nie
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of animal biotech breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of animal genetic engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China.
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21
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Ramirez Bustamante CE, Agarwal N, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Energy Balance Paradigms in People Living With HIV. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:190-209. [PMID: 37556371 PMCID: PMC10911955 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 4 decades, the clinical care of people living with HIV (PLWH) evolved from treatment of acute opportunistic infections to the management of chronic, noncommunicable comorbidities. Concurrently, our understanding of adipose tissue function matured to acknowledge its important endocrine contributions to energy balance. PLWH experience changes in the mass and composition of adipose tissue depots before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy, including regional loss (lipoatrophy), gain (lipohypertrophy), or mixed lipodystrophy. These conditions may coexist with generalized obesity in PLWH and reflect disturbances of energy balance regulation caused by HIV persistence and antiretroviral therapy drugs. Adipocyte hypertrophy characterizes visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot expansion, as well as ectopic lipid deposition that occurs diffusely in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. PLWH with excess visceral adipose tissue exhibit adipokine dysregulation coupled with increased insulin resistance, heightening their risk for cardiovascular disease above that of the HIV-negative population. However, conventional therapies are ineffective for the management of cardiometabolic risk in this patient population. Although the knowledge of complex cardiometabolic comorbidities in PLWH continues to expand, significant knowledge gaps remain. Ongoing studies aimed at understanding interorgan communication and energy balance provide insights into metabolic observations in PLWH and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Our review focuses on current knowledge and recent advances in HIV-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, highlights emerging adipokine paradigms, and describes critical mechanistic and clinical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Ramirez Bustamante
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Goto N, Westcott PMK, Goto S, Imada S, Taylor MS, Eng G, Braverman J, Deshpande V, Jacks T, Agudo J, Yilmaz ÖH. SOX17 enables immune evasion of early colorectal adenomas and cancers. Nature 2024; 627:636-645. [PMID: 38418875 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the avoidance of immune destruction. This process has been primarily investigated in locally advanced or metastatic cancer1-3; however, much less is known about how pre-malignant or early invasive tumours evade immune detection. Here, to understand this process in early colorectal cancers (CRCs), we investigated how naive colon cancer organoids that were engineered in vitro to harbour Apc-null, KrasG12D and Trp53-null (AKP) mutations adapted to the in vivo native colonic environment. Comprehensive transcriptomic and chromatin analyses revealed that the endoderm-specifying transcription factor SOX17 became strongly upregulated in vivo. Notably, whereas SOX17 loss did not affect AKP organoid propagation in vitro, its loss markedly reduced the ability of AKP tumours to persist in vivo. The small fraction of SOX17-null tumours that grew displayed notable interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing effector-like CD8+ T cell infiltrates in contrast to the immune-suppressive microenvironment in wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, in both endogenous Apc-null pre-malignant adenomas and transplanted organoid-derived AKP CRCs, SOX17 suppresses the ability of tumour cells to sense and respond to IFNγ, preventing anti-tumour T cell responses. Finally, SOX17 engages a fetal intestinal programme that drives differentiation away from LGR5+ tumour cells to produce immune-evasive LGR5- tumour cells with lower expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). We propose that SOX17 is a transcription factor that is engaged during the early steps of colon cancer to orchestrate an immune-evasive programme that permits CRC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Saori Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shinya Imada
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Eng
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braverman
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judith Agudo
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Mao A, Zhang K, Kan H, Gao M, Wang Z, Zhou T, Shao J, He D. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Coronary Heterogeneity and Identifies CD133 +TRPV4 high Endothelial Subpopulation in Regulating Flow-Induced Vascular Tone in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:653-665. [PMID: 38269590 PMCID: PMC10880935 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis can determine the heterogeneity of cells between different tissues at a single-cell level. Coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs) are important to coronary blood flow. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of coronary artery ECs, and cellular identity responses to flow. Identifying endothelial subpopulations will contribute to the precise localization of vascular endothelial subpopulations, thus enabling the precision of vascular injury treatment. METHODS Here, we performed a single-cell RNA sequencing of 31 962 cells and functional assays of 3 branches of the coronary arteries (right coronary artery/circumflex left coronary artery/anterior descending left coronary artery) in wild-type mice. RESULTS We found a compendium of 7 distinct cell types in mouse coronary arteries, mainly ECs, granulocytes, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and fibroblast cells, and showed spatial heterogeneity between arterial branches. Furthermore, we revealed a subpopulation of coronary artery ECs, CD133+TRPV4high ECs. TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) in CD133+TRPV4high ECs is important for regulating vasodilation and coronary blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates the nature and range of coronary arterial cell diversity and highlights the importance of coronary CD133+TRPV4high ECs in regulating coronary vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Hao Kan
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Dongxu He
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
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24
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Grzonka M, Bazzi H. Mouse SAS-6 is required for centriole formation in embryos and integrity in embryonic stem cells. eLife 2024; 13:e94694. [PMID: 38407237 PMCID: PMC10917421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.94694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
SAS-6 (SASS6) is essential for centriole formation in human cells and other organisms but its functions in the mouse are unclear. Here, we report that Sass6-mutant mouse embryos lack centrioles, activate the mitotic surveillance cell death pathway, and arrest at mid-gestation. In contrast, SAS-6 is not required for centriole formation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), but is essential to maintain centriole architecture. Of note, centrioles appeared after just one day of culture of Sass6-mutant blastocysts, from which mESCs are derived. Conversely, the number of cells with centrosomes is drastically decreased upon the exit from a mESC pluripotent state. At the mechanistic level, the activity of the master kinase in centriole formation, PLK4, associated with increased centriolar and centrosomal protein levels, endow mESCs with the robustness in using a SAS-6-independent centriole-biogenesis pathway. Collectively, our data suggest a differential requirement for mouse SAS-6 in centriole formation or integrity depending on PLK4 activity and centrosome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grzonka
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin and Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologneGermany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologneGermany
- Graduate School for Biological Sciences, University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Hisham Bazzi
- Department of Cell Biology of the Skin and Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologneGermany
- The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of CologneCologneGermany
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25
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Molin AN, Contentin R, Angelozzi M, Karvande A, Kc R, Haseeb A, Voskamp C, de Charleroy C, Lefebvre V. Skeletal growth is enhanced by a shared role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting reserve chondrocyte commitment to columnar proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316969121. [PMID: 38346197 PMCID: PMC10895259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316969121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
SOX8 was linked in a genome-wide association study to human height heritability, but roles in chondrocytes for this close relative of the master chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9 remain unknown. We undertook here to fill this knowledge gap. High-throughput assays demonstrate expression of human SOX8 and mouse Sox8 in growth plate cartilage. In situ assays show that Sox8 is expressed at a similar level as Sox9 in reserve and early columnar chondrocytes and turned off when Sox9 expression peaks in late columnar and prehypertrophic chondrocytes. Sox8-/- mice and Sox8fl/flPrx1Cre and Sox9fl/+Prx1Cre mice (inactivation in limb skeletal cells) have a normal or near normal skeletal size. In contrast, juvenile and adult Sox8fl/flSox9fl/+Prx1Cre compound mutants exhibit a 15 to 20% shortening of long bones. Their growth plate reserve chondrocytes progress slowly toward the columnar stage, as witnessed by a delay in down-regulating Pthlh expression, in packing in columns and in elevating their proliferation rate. SOX8 or SOX9 overexpression in chondrocytes reveals not only that SOX8 can promote growth plate cell proliferation and differentiation, even upon inactivation of endogenous Sox9, but also that it is more efficient than SOX9, possibly due to greater protein stability. Altogether, these findings uncover a major role for SOX8 and SOX9 in promoting skeletal growth by stimulating commitment of growth plate reserve chondrocytes to actively proliferating columnar cells. Further, by showing that SOX8 is more chondrogenic than SOX9, they suggest that SOX8 could be preferred over SOX9 in therapies to promote cartilage formation or regeneration in developmental and degenerative cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud N. Molin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Romain Contentin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Marco Angelozzi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Charles de Charleroy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
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26
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Duddy G, Courtis K, Horwood J, Olsen J, Horsler H, Hodgson T, Varsani-Brown S, Abdullah A, Denti L, Lane H, Delaqua F, Janzen J, Strom M, Rosewell I, Crawley K, Davies B. Donor template delivery by recombinant adeno-associated virus for the production of knock-in mice. BMC Biol 2024; 22:26. [PMID: 38302906 PMCID: PMC10836013 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of recombinant adeno-associated virus to transduce preimplantation mouse embryos has led to the use of this delivery method for the production of genetically altered knock-in mice via CRISPR-Cas9. The potential exists for this method to simplify the production and extend the types of alleles that can be generated directly in the zygote, obviating the need for manipulations of the mouse genome via the embryonic stem cell route. RESULTS We present the production data from a total of 13 genetically altered knock-in mouse models generated using CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation of zygotes and delivery of donor repair templates via transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus. We explore the efficiency of gene targeting at a total of 12 independent genetic loci and explore the effects of allele complexity and introduce strategies for efficient identification of founder animals. In addition, we investigate the reliability of germline transmission of the engineered allele from founder mice generated using this methodology. By comparing our production data against genetically altered knock-in mice generated via gene targeting in embryonic stem cells and their microinjection into blastocysts, we assess the animal cost of the two methods. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that recombinant adeno-associated virus transduction of zygotes provides a robust and effective delivery route for donor templates for the production of knock-in mice, across a range of insertion sizes (0.9-4.7 kb). We find that the animal cost of this method is considerably less than generating knock-in models via embryonic stem cells and thus constitutes a considerable 3Rs reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Duddy
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Jessica Olsen
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Helen Horsler
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tina Hodgson
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Denti
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Hollie Lane
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fabio Delaqua
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Julia Janzen
- Transnetyx Inc, 8110 Cordova Rd. Suite 119, Cordova, TN, 38016, USA
| | - Molly Strom
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ian Rosewell
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Benjamin Davies
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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27
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Byrnes AE, Roudnicky F, Gogineni A, Soung AL, Xiong M, Hayne M, Heaster-Ford T, Shatz-Binder W, Dominguez SL, Imperio J, Gierke S, Roberts J, Guo J, Ghosh S, Yu C, Roose-Girma M, Elstrott J, Easton A, Hoogenraad CC. A fluorescent splice-switching mouse model enables high-throughput, sensitive quantification of antisense oligonucleotide delivery and activity. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100673. [PMID: 38171361 PMCID: PMC10831955 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
While antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are used in the clinic, therapeutic development is hindered by the inability to assay ASO delivery and activity in vivo. Accordingly, we developed a dual-fluorescence, knockin mouse model that constitutively expresses mKate2 and an engineered EGFP that is alternatively spliced in the presence of ASO to induce expression. We first examined free ASO activity in the brain following intracerebroventricular injection revealing EGFP splice-switching is both ASO concentration and time dependent in major central nervous system cell types. We then assayed the impact of lipid nanoparticle delivery on ASO activity after intravenous administration. Robust EGFP fluorescence was observed in the liver and EGFP+ cells were successfully isolated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Together, these results show the utility of this animal model in quantifying both cell-type- and organ-specific ASO delivery, which can be used to advance ASO therapeutics for many disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Byrnes
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Filip Roudnicky
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alvin Gogineni
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Allison L Soung
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Monica Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Margaret Hayne
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Tiffany Heaster-Ford
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Sara L Dominguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jose Imperio
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jasmine Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jinglong Guo
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Charles Yu
- Molecular Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Justin Elstrott
- Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Amy Easton
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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28
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Yang X, Wang J, Chang CY, Zhou F, Liu J, Xu H, Ibrahim M, Gomez M, Guo GL, Liu H, Zong WX, Wondisford FE, Su X, White E, Feng Z, Hu W. Leukemia inhibitory factor suppresses hepatic de novo lipogenesis and induces cachexia in mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:627. [PMID: 38245529 PMCID: PMC10799847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a systemic metabolic syndrome characterized by involuntary weight loss, and muscle and adipose tissue wasting. Mechanisms underlying cachexia remain poorly understood. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a multi-functional cytokine, has been suggested as a cachexia-inducing factor. In a transgenic mouse model with conditional LIF expression, systemic elevation of LIF induces cachexia. LIF overexpression decreases de novo lipogenesis and disrupts lipid homeostasis in the liver. Liver-specific LIF receptor knockout attenuates LIF-induced cachexia, suggesting that LIF-induced functional changes in the liver contribute to cachexia. Mechanistically, LIF overexpression activates STAT3 to downregulate PPARα, a master regulator of lipid metabolism, leading to the downregulation of a group of PPARα target genes involved in lipogenesis and decreased lipogenesis in the liver. Activating PPARα by fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, restores lipid homeostasis in the liver and inhibits LIF-induced cachexia. These results provide valuable insights into cachexia, which may help develop strategies to treat cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Chun-Yuan Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Huiting Xu
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Ibrahim
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Gomez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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29
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Bruter AV, Varlamova EA, Okulova YD, Tatarskiy VV, Silaeva YY, Filatov MA. Genetically modified mice as a tool for the study of human diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:135. [PMID: 38236499 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Modeling a human disease is an essential part of biomedical research. The recent advances in the field of molecular genetics made it possible to obtain genetically modified animals for the study of various diseases. Not only monogenic disorders but also chromosomal and multifactorial disorders can be mimicked in lab animals due to genetic modification. Even human infectious diseases can be studied in genetically modified animals. An animal model of a disease enables the tracking of its pathogenesis and, more importantly, to test new therapies. In the first part of this paper, we review the most common DNA modification technologies and provide key ideas on specific technology choices according to the task at hand. In the second part, we focus on the application of genetically modified mice in studying human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Oncology Named After N.N. Blokhin" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - Ekaterina A Varlamova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Oncology Named After N.N. Blokhin" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - Yulia D Okulova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Yulia Y Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Maxim A Filatov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334.
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30
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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574239. [PMID: 38249517 PMCID: PMC10798646 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of proliferative tip cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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31
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Vermeiren S, Cabochette P, Dannawi M, Desiderio S, San José AS, Achouri Y, Kricha S, Sitte M, Salinas-Riester G, Vanhollebeke B, Brunet JF, Bellefroid EJ. Prdm12 represses the expression of the visceral neuron determinants Phox2a/b in developing somatosensory ganglia. iScience 2023; 26:108364. [PMID: 38025786 PMCID: PMC10663820 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prdm12 is a transcriptional regulator essential for the emergence of the somatic nociceptive lineage during sensory neurogenesis. The exact mechanisms by which Prdm12 promotes nociceptor development remain, however, poorly understood. Here, we report that the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia hypoplasia induced by the loss of Prdm12 involves Bax-dependent apoptosis and that it is accompanied by the ectopic expression of the visceral sensory neuron determinants Phox2a and Phox2b, which is, however, not sufficient to impose a complete fate switch in surviving somatosensory neurons. Mechanistically, our data reveal that Prdm12 is required from somatosensory neural precursors to early post-mitotic differentiating nociceptive neurons to repress Phox2a/b and that its repressive function is context dependent. Together, these findings reveal that besides its essential role in nociceptor survival during development, Prdm12 also promotes nociceptor fate via an additional mechanism, by preventing precursors from engaging into an alternate Phox2 driven visceral neuronal type differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vermeiren
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pauline Cabochette
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maya Dannawi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Simon Desiderio
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Alba Sabaté San José
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Transgenesis Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Duve, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sadia Kricha
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maren Sitte
- NGS Integrative Genomics, Department of Human Genetics at the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- NGS Integrative Genomics, Department of Human Genetics at the University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Brunet
- Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Inserm, CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eric J. Bellefroid
- Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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32
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Chen Z, Kwan SY, Mir A, Hazeltine M, Shin M, Liang SQ, Chan IL, Kelly K, Ghanta KS, Gaston N, Cao Y, Xie J, Gao G, Xue W, Sontheimer EJ, Watts JK. A Fluorescent Reporter Mouse for In Vivo Assessment of Genome Editing with Diverse Cas Nucleases and Prime Editors. CRISPR J 2023; 6:570-582. [PMID: 38108517 PMCID: PMC10753986 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based genome-editing technologies, including nuclease editing, base editing, and prime editing, have recently revolutionized the development of therapeutics targeting disease-causing mutations. To advance the assessment and development of genome editing tools, a robust mouse model is valuable, particularly for evaluating in vivo activity and delivery strategies. In this study, we successfully generated a knock-in mouse line carrying the Traffic Light Reporter design known as TLR-multi-Cas variant 1 (TLR-MCV1). We comprehensively validated the functionality of this mouse model for both in vitro and in vivo nuclease and prime editing. The TLR-MCV1 reporter mouse represents a versatile and powerful tool for expediting the development of editing technologies and their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiang Chen
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suet-Yan Kwan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aamir Mir
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Max Hazeltine
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minwook Shin
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shun-Qing Liang
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Io Long Chan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Kelly
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krishna S. Ghanta
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas Gaston
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yueying Cao
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik J. Sontheimer
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan K. Watts
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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33
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Shiokawa D, Sakai H, Koizumi M, Okimoto Y, Mori Y, Kanda Y, Ohata H, Honda H, Okamoto K. Elevated stress response marks deeply quiescent reserve cells of gastric chief cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1183. [PMID: 37985874 PMCID: PMC10662433 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract organs harbor reserve cells, which are endowed with cellular plasticity and regenerate functional units in response to tissue damage. However, whether the reserve cells in gastrointestinal tract exist as long-term quiescent cells remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we systematically examine H2b-GFP label-retaining cells and identify a long-term slow-cycling population in the gastric corpus but not in other gastrointestinal organs. The label-retaining cells, which reside near the basal layers of the corpus, comprise a subpopulation of chief cells. The identified quiescent cells exhibit induction of Atf4 and its target genes including Atf3, a marker of paligenosis, and activation of the unfolded protein response, but do not show elevated expression of Troy, Lgr5, or Mist. External damage to the gastric mucosa induced by indomethacin treatment triggers proliferation of the quiescent Atf4+ population, indicating that the gastric corpus harbors a specific cell population that is primed to facilitate stomach regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shiokawa
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Ehime University Hospital Translational Research Center, Shitsukawa, Toon, 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-21-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Miho Koizumi
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 81- Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8666, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshie Okimoto
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-21-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-21-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanda
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-21-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohata
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-21-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 81- Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8666, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, 2-21-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan.
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34
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Chen C, Wang Z, Qin Y. CRISPR/Cas9 system: recent applications in immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:95. [PMID: 37964355 PMCID: PMC10647168 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is essentially an adaptive immunity weapon in prokaryotes against foreign DNA. This system inspires the development of genome-editing technology in eukaryotes. In biomedicine research, CRISPR has offered a powerful platform to establish tumor-bearing models and screen potential targets in the immuno-oncology field, broadening our insights into cancer genomics. In translational medicine, the versatile CRISPR/Cas9 system exhibits immense potential to break the current limitations of cancer immunotherapy, thereby expanding the feasibility of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in treating solid tumors. Herein, we first explain the principles of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology and introduce CRISPR as a tool in tumor modeling. We next focus on the CRISPR screening for target discovery that reveals tumorigenesis, immune evasion, and drug resistance mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the recent breakthroughs of genetically modified ACT using CRISPR/Cas9. Finally, we present potential challenges and perspectives in basic research and clinical translation of CRISPR/Cas9. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPR/Cas9 applications that advance our insights into tumor-immune interaction and lay the foundation to optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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35
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Leven P, Schneider R, Schneider L, Mallesh S, Vanden Berghe P, Sasse P, Kalff JC, Wehner S. β-adrenergic signaling triggers enteric glial reactivity and acute enteric gliosis during surgery. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:255. [PMID: 37941007 PMCID: PMC10631040 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric glia contribute to the pathophysiology of various intestinal immune-driven diseases, such as postoperative ileus (POI), a motility disorder and common complication after abdominal surgery. Enteric gliosis of the intestinal muscularis externa (ME) has been identified as part of POI development. However, the glia-restricted responses and activation mechanisms are poorly understood. The sympathetic nervous system becomes rapidly activated by abdominal surgery. It modulates intestinal immunity, innervates all intestinal layers, and directly interfaces with enteric glia. We hypothesized that sympathetic innervation controls enteric glia reactivity in response to surgical trauma. METHODS Sox10iCreERT2/Rpl22HA/+ mice were subjected to a mouse model of laparotomy or intestinal manipulation to induce POI. Histological, protein, and transcriptomic analyses were performed to analyze glia-specific responses. Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and enteric glia were studied in mice chemically depleted of TH+ sympathetic neurons and glial-restricted Sox10iCreERT2/JellyOPfl/+/Rpl22HA/+ mice, allowing optogenetic stimulation of β-adrenergic downstream signaling and glial-specific transcriptome analyses. A laparotomy model was used to study the effect of sympathetic signaling on enteric glia in the absence of intestinal manipulation. Mechanistic studies included adrenergic receptor expression profiling in vivo and in vitro and adrenergic agonism treatments of primary enteric glial cell cultures to elucidate the role of sympathetic signaling in acute enteric gliosis and POI. RESULTS With ~ 4000 differentially expressed genes, the most substantial enteric glia response occurs early after intestinal manipulation. During POI, enteric glia switch into a reactive state and continuously shape their microenvironment by releasing inflammatory and migratory factors. Sympathetic denervation reduced the inflammatory response of enteric glia in the early postoperative phase. Optogenetic and pharmacological stimulation of β-adrenergic downstream signaling triggered enteric glial reactivity. Finally, distinct adrenergic agonists revealed β-1/2 adrenoceptors as the molecular targets of sympathetic-driven enteric glial reactivity. CONCLUSIONS Enteric glia act as early responders during post-traumatic intestinal injury and inflammation. Intact sympathetic innervation and active β-adrenergic receptor signaling in enteric glia is a trigger of the immediate glial postoperative inflammatory response. With immune-activating cues originating from the sympathetic nervous system as early as the initial surgical incision, adrenergic signaling in enteric glia presents a promising target for preventing POI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Leven
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reiner Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Linda Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shilpashree Mallesh
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg C Kalff
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Villar-Pazos S, Thomas L, Yang Y, Chen K, Lyles JB, Deitch BJ, Ochaba J, Ling K, Powers B, Gingras S, Kordasiewicz HB, Grubisha MJ, Huang YH, Thomas G. Neural deficits in a mouse model of PACS1 syndrome are corrected with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6547. [PMID: 37848409 PMCID: PMC10582149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PACS1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by a recurrent de novo missense mutation in PACS1 (p.Arg203Trp (PACS1R203W)). The mechanism by which PACS1R203W causes PACS1 syndrome is unknown, and no curative treatment is available. Here, we use patient cells and PACS1 syndrome mice to show that PACS1 (or PACS-1) is an HDAC6 effector and that the R203W substitution increases the PACS1/HDAC6 interaction, aberrantly potentiating deacetylase activity. Consequently, PACS1R203W reduces acetylation of α-tubulin and cortactin, causing the Golgi ribbon in hippocampal neurons and patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to fragment and overpopulate dendrites, increasing their arborization. The dendrites, however, are beset with varicosities, diminished spine density, and fewer functional synapses, characteristic of NDDs. Treatment of PACS1 syndrome mice or patient NPCs with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting antisense oligonucleotides, or HDAC6 inhibitors, restores neuronal structure and synaptic transmission in prefrontal cortex, suggesting that targeting PACS1R203W/HDAC6 may be an effective therapy for PACS1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Villar-Pazos
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jenea B Lyles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Bradley J Deitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | | | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Grubisha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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37
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Nidadavolu LS, Cosarderelioglu C, Merino Gomez A, Wu Y, Bopp T, Zhang C, Nguyen T, Marx-Rattner R, Yang H, Antonescu C, Florea L, Talbot CC, Smith B, Foster DB, Fairman JE, Yenokyan G, Chung T, Le A, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Interleukin-6 Drives Mitochondrial Dysregulation and Accelerates Physical Decline: Insights From an Inducible Humanized IL-6 Knock-In Mouse Model. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1740-1752. [PMID: 37310873 PMCID: PMC10562892 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic activation of inflammatory pathways (CI) and mitochondrial dysfunction are independently linked to age-related functional decline and early mortality. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is among the most consistently elevated chronic activation of inflammatory pathways markers, but whether IL-6 plays a causative role in this mitochondrial dysfunction and physical deterioration remains unclear. To characterize the role of IL-6 in age-related mitochondrial dysregulation and physical decline, we have developed an inducible human IL-6 (hIL-6) knock-in mouse (TetO-hIL-6mitoQC) that also contains a mitochondrial-quality control reporter. Six weeks of hIL-6 induction resulted in upregulation of proinflammatory markers, cell proliferation and metabolic pathways, and dysregulated energy utilization. Decreased grip strength, increased falls off the treadmill, and increased frailty index were also observed. Further characterization of skeletal muscles postinduction revealed an increase in mitophagy, downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis genes, and an overall decrease in total mitochondrial numbers. This study highlights the contribution of IL-6 to mitochondrial dysregulation and supports a causal role of hIL-6 in physical decline and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lolita S Nidadavolu
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caglar Cosarderelioglu
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandra Merino Gomez
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuqiong Wu
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taylor Bopp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cissy Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tu Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huanle Yang
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corina Antonescu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liliana Florea
- Department of Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Conover C Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Imaging Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Brian Foster
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer E Fairman
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Art as Applied to Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tae Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Abadir
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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38
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Westcott PMK, Muyas F, Hauck H, Smith OC, Sacks NJ, Ely ZA, Jaeger AM, Rideout WM, Zhang D, Bhutkar A, Beytagh MC, Canner DA, Jaramillo GC, Bronson RT, Naranjo S, Jin A, Patten JJ, Cruz AM, Shanahan SL, Cortes-Ciriano I, Jacks T. Mismatch repair deficiency is not sufficient to elicit tumor immunogenicity. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1686-1695. [PMID: 37709863 PMCID: PMC10562252 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) is associated with a high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Nevertheless, most MMRd tumors do not durably respond to ICB and critical questions remain about immunosurveillance and TMB in these tumors. In the present study, we developed autochthonous mouse models of MMRd lung and colon cancer. Surprisingly, these models did not display increased T cell infiltration or ICB response, which we showed to be the result of substantial intratumor heterogeneity of mutations. Furthermore, we found that immunosurveillance shapes the clonal architecture but not the overall burden of neoantigens, and T cell responses against subclonal neoantigens are blunted. Finally, we showed that clonal, but not subclonal, neoantigen burden predicts ICB response in clinical trials of MMRd gastric and colorectal cancer. These results provide important context for understanding immune evasion in cancers with a high TMB and have major implications for therapies aimed at increasing TMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M K Westcott
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Francesc Muyas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haley Hauck
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olivia C Smith
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nathan J Sacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zackery A Ely
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex M Jaeger
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William M Rideout
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Zhang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Beytagh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A Canner
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grissel C Jaramillo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Santiago Naranjo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abbey Jin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J J Patten
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda M Cruz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean-Luc Shanahan
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isidro Cortes-Ciriano
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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39
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Rao Y, Li SL, Li MJ, Wang BZ, Wang YY, Liang LW, Yu S, Liu ZP, Cui S, Gou KM. Transgenic mice producing the trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid present reduced adiposity and increased thermogenesis and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109419. [PMID: 37487823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Trans 10, cis 12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) from ruminant-derived foodstuffs can induce body fat loss after oral administration. In the current study, a transgenic mouse that produced t10c12-CLA had been generated by inserting the Propionibacterium acnes isomerase (Pai) expression cassette into the Rosa26 locus, and its male offspring were used to elucidate the enduring influence of t10c12-CLA on overall health. Compared to their wild-type (wt) C57BL/6J littermates, both biallelic Pai/Pai and monoallelic Pai/wt mice exhibited reduced plasma triglycerides levels, and Pai/wt mice exclusively showed increased serum fibroblast growth factor 21. Further analysis of Pai/Pai mice found a decrease in white fat and an increase in brown fat, with more heat release and less physical activity. Analysis of Pai/Pai brown adipose tissues revealed that hyperthermia was associated with the over-expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, uncoupling proteins 1 and 2. These findings suggest that the systemic and long-term impact of t10c12-CLA on obesity might be mediated through the pathway of fibroblast growth factor 21 when low doses are administered or through enhanced thermogenesis of brown adipose tissues when high doses are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mei-Juan Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Wen Liang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Ping Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Mian Gou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Experimental Zoology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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40
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Wu G, Yoshida N, Liu J, Zhang X, Xiong Y, Heavican-Foral TB, Mandato E, Liu H, Nelson GM, Yang L, Chen R, Donovan KA, Jones MK, Roshal M, Zhang Y, Xu R, Nirmal AJ, Jain S, Leahy C, Jones KL, Stevenson KE, Galasso N, Ganesan N, Chang T, Wu WC, Louissaint A, Debaize L, Yoon H, Cin PD, Chan WC, Sui SJH, Ng SY, Feldman AL, Horwitz SM, Adelman K, Fischer ES, Chen CW, Weinstock DM, Brown M. TP63 fusions drive multicomplex enhancer rewiring, lymphomagenesis, and EZH2 dependence. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi7244. [PMID: 37729434 PMCID: PMC11014717 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi7244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Gene fusions involving tumor protein p63 gene (TP63) occur in multiple T and B cell lymphomas and portend a dismal prognosis for patients. The function and mechanisms of TP63 fusions remain unclear, and there is no target therapy for patients with lymphoma harboring TP63 fusions. Here, we show that TP63 fusions act as bona fide oncogenes and are essential for fusion-positive lymphomas. Transgenic mice expressing TBL1XR1::TP63, the most common TP63 fusion, develop diverse lymphomas that recapitulate multiple human T and B cell lymphomas. Here, we identify that TP63 fusions coordinate the recruitment of two epigenetic modifying complexes, the nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR)-histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) by the N-terminal TP63 fusion partner and the lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) by the C-terminal TP63 component, which are both required for fusion-dependent survival. TBL1XR1::TP63 localization at enhancers drives a unique cell state that involves up-regulation of MYC and the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) components EED and EZH2. Inhibiting EZH2 with the therapeutic agent valemetostat is highly effective at treating transgenic lymphoma murine models, xenografts, and patient-derived xenografts harboring TP63 fusions. One patient with TP63-rearranged lymphoma showed a rapid response to valemetostat treatment. In summary, TP63 fusions link partner components that, together, coordinate multiple epigenetic complexes, resulting in therapeutic vulnerability to EZH2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongwei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noriaki Yoshida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Current address: Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA
02215, USA
| | - Jihe Liu
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer
Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tayla B. Heavican-Foral
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Elisa Mandato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huiyun Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Nelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Renee Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Katherine A. Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcus K. Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mikhail Roshal
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ajit J. Nirmal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Salvia Jain
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
02114, USA
| | - Catharine Leahy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kristen L. Jones
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kristen E. Stevenson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Natasha Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nivetha Ganesan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tiffany Chang
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wen-Chao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abner Louissaint
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lydie Debaize
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hojong Yoon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wing C. Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center,
Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shannan J. Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel Y. Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic College of
Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew L. Feldman
- Current address: Department of Clinical Studies,
Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, 7320815, Japan
| | - Steven M. Horwitz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute,
Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular
Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, City of Hope Comprehensive
Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - David M. Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA 02142, USA
- Current address: Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA
02215, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber
Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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41
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Wollenzien H, Tecleab YA, Szczepaniak-Sloane R, Restaino A, Kareta MS. Single-Cell Evolutionary Analysis Reveals Drivers of Plasticity and Mediators of Chemoresistance in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:892-907. [PMID: 37256926 PMCID: PMC10527088 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is often a heterogeneous tumor, where dynamic regulation of key transcription factors can drive multiple populations of phenotypically different cells which contribute differentially to tumor dynamics. This tumor is characterized by a very low 2-year survival rate, high rates of metastasis, and rapid acquisition of chemoresistance. The heterogeneous nature of this tumor makes it difficult to study and to treat, as it is not clear how or when this heterogeneity arises. Here we describe temporal, single-cell analysis of SCLC to investigate tumor initiation and chemoresistance in both SCLC xenografts and an autochthonous SCLC model. We identify an early population of tumor cells with high expression of AP-1 network genes that are critical for tumor growth. Furthermore, we have identified and validated the cancer testis antigens (CTA) PAGE5 and GAGE2A as mediators of chemoresistance in human SCLC. CTAs have been successfully targeted in other tumor types and may be a promising avenue for targeted therapy in SCLC. IMPLICATIONS Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of SCLC can shed light on key mechanisms such as cellular plasticity, heterogeneity, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wollenzien
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Genetics & Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
| | | | - Robert Szczepaniak-Sloane
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Genetics & Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Anthony Restaino
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Michael S. Kareta
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Genetics & Genomics Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
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42
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Laster DJ, Akel NS, Hendrixson JA, James A, Crawford JA, Fu Q, Berryhill SB, Thostenson JD, Nookaew I, O’Brien CA, Onal M. CRISPR interference provides increased cell type-specificity compared to the Cre-loxP system. iScience 2023; 26:107428. [PMID: 37575184 PMCID: PMC10415806 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cre-mediated recombination is frequently used for cell type-specific loss of function (LOF) studies. A major limitation of this system is recombination in unwanted cell types. CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has been used effectively for global LOF in mice. However, cell type-specific CRISPRi, independent of recombination-based systems, has not been reported. To test the feasibility of cell type-specific CRISPRi, we produced two novel knock-in mouse models that achieve gene suppression when used together: one expressing dCas9::KRAB under the control of a cell type-specific promoter and the other expressing a single guide RNA from a safe harbor locus. We then compared the phenotypes of mice in which the same gene was targeted by either CRISPRi or the Cre-loxP system, with cell specificity conferred by Dmp1 regulatory elements in both cases. We demonstrate that CRISPRi is effective for cell type-specific LOF and that it provides improved cell type-specificity compared to the Cre-loxP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique J. Laster
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Nisreen S. Akel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - James A. Hendrixson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Alicen James
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Julie A. Crawford
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research (CMDR), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research (CMDR), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Stuart B. Berryhill
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research (CMDR), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jeff D. Thostenson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research (CMDR), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Charles A. O’Brien
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research (CMDR), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Melda Onal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research (CMDR), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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43
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Chen H, Liu X, Li L, Tan Q, Li S, Li L, Li C, Fu J, Lu Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Luo ZG, Lu Z, Sun Q, Liu Z. CATI: an efficient gene integration method for rodent and primate embryos by MMEJ suppression. Genome Biol 2023; 24:146. [PMID: 37353834 PMCID: PMC10288798 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR) plays a crucial role in the development of animal models and gene therapy. We demonstrate that microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) constitutes a substantial proportion of DNA repair during CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Using CasRx to downregulate a key MMEJ factor, Polymerase Q (Polq), we improve the targeted integration efficiency of linearized DNA fragments and single-strand oligonucleotides (ssODN) in mouse embryos and offspring. CasRX-assisted targeted integration (CATI) also leads to substantial improvements in HDR efficiency during the CRISPR/Cas9 editing of monkey embryos. We present a promising tool for generating monkey models and developing gene therapies for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xingchen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qingtong Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiqiang Fu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhen-Ge Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zongyang Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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44
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Singpant P, Tubsuwan A, Sakdee S, Ketterman AJ, Jearawiriyapaisarn N, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Songdej D, Tangprasittipap A, Bhukhai K, Chiangjong W, Hongeng S, Saisawang C. Recombinant Cas9 protein production in an endotoxin-free system and evaluation with editing the BCL11A gene in human cells. Protein Expr Purif 2023:106313. [PMID: 37276914 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many therapeutic proteins are expressed in Escherichia coli bacteria for the low cost and high yield obtained. However, these gram-negative bacteria also generate undesirable endotoxin byproducts such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These endotoxins can induce a human immune response and cause severe inflammation. To mitigate this problem, we have employed the ClearColi BL21 (DE3) endotoxin-free cells as an expression host for Cas9 protein production. Cas9 is an endonuclease enzyme that plays a key role in the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing technique. This technology is very promising for use in diagnostics as well as treatment of diseases, especially for genetic diseases such as thalassemia. The potential uses for this technology thus generate a considerable interest for Cas9 utilization as a therapeutic protein in clinical treatment. Therefore, special care in protein production should be a major concern. Accordingly, we expressed the Cas9 protein in endotoxin-free bacterial cells achieving 99% purity with activity comparable to commercially available Cas9. Our protocol therefore yields a cost-effective product suitable for invitro experiments with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passanan Singpant
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthol Road 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthol Road 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Somsri Sakdee
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthol Road 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Albert J Ketterman
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthol Road 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Natee Jearawiriyapaisarn
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Duantida Songdej
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Tangprasittipap
- Office of Research, Academic Affairs and Innovations, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanit Bhukhai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Saisawang
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Putthamonthol Road 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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45
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Mendez Ruiz S, Chalk AM, Goradia A, Heraud-Farlow J, Walkley C. Over-expression of ADAR1 in mice does not initiate or accelerate cancer formation in vivo. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad023. [PMID: 37275274 PMCID: PMC10233902 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine to inosine editing (A-to-I) in regions of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) or ADAR2. ADAR1 and A-to-I editing levels are increased in many human cancers. Inhibition of ADAR1 has emerged as a high priority oncology target, however, whether ADAR1 overexpression enables cancer initiation or progression has not been directly tested. We established a series of in vivo models to allow overexpression of full-length ADAR1, or its individual isoforms, to test if increased ADAR1 expression was oncogenic. Widespread over-expression of ADAR1 or the p110 or p150 isoforms individually as sole lesions was well tolerated and did not result in cancer initiation. Therefore, ADAR1 overexpression alone is not sufficient to initiate cancer. We demonstrate that endogenous ADAR1 and A-to-I editing increased upon immortalization in murine cells, consistent with the observations from human cancers. We tested if ADAR1 over-expression could co-operate with cancer initiated by loss of tumour suppressors using a model of osteosarcoma. We did not see a disease potentiating or modifying effect of overexpressing ADAR1 or its isoforms in the models assessed. We conclude that increased ADAR1 expression and A-to-I editing in cancers is most likely a consequence of tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Mendez Ruiz
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Hill Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Alistair M Chalk
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Hill Precinct, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Ankita Goradia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | | | - Carl R Walkley
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +61 3 9231 2480;
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46
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Zhou Z, Li C, Tan Z, Sun G, Peng B, Ren T, He J, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang F, Li W. A spatiotemporally controlled recombinant cccDNA mouse model for studying HBV and developing drugs against the virus. Antiviral Res 2023:105642. [PMID: 37253400 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA is the template for hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. The lack of small animal models for characterizing chronic HBV infection has hampered research progress in HBV pathogenesis and drug development. Here, we generated a spatiotemporally controlled recombinant cccDNA (rcccDNA) mouse model by combining Cre/loxP-mediated DNA recombination with the liver-specific "Tet-on/Cre" system. The mouse model harbors three transgenes: a single copy of the HBV genome (integrated at the Rosa26 locus, RHBV), H11-albumin-rtTA (spatiotemporal conditional module), and (tetO)7-Cre (tetracycline response element), and is named as RHTC mouse. By supplying the RHTC mice with doxycycline (DOX)-containing drinking water for two days, the animals generate rcccDNA in hepatocytes, and the rcccDNA supports active HBV gene expression and can maintain HBV viremia persistence for over 60 weeks. Persistent HBV gene expression induces intrahepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and dysplastic pathology, which closely mirrors the disease progression in clinical patients. Bepirovirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting all HBV RNA species, showed dose-dependent antiviral effects in the RHTC mouse model. The spatiotemporally controlled rcccDNA mouse is convenient and reliable, providing versatile small animal model for studying cccDNA-centric HBV biology as well as evaluating antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate Program in School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zexi Tan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate Program in School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Peng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate Program in School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Ren
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabei He
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyan Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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47
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Duan J, Matute JD, Unger LW, Hanley T, Schnell A, Lin X, Krupka N, Griebel P, Lambden C, Sit B, Grootjans J, Pyzik M, Sommer F, Kaiser S, Falk-Paulsen M, Grasberger H, Kao JY, Fuhrer T, Li H, Paik D, Lee Y, Refetoff S, Glickman JN, Paton AW, Bry L, Paton JC, Sauer U, Macpherson AJ, Rosenstiel P, Kuchroo VK, Waldor MK, Huh JR, Kaser A, Blumberg RS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the intestinal epithelium initiates purine metabolite synthesis and promotes Th17 cell differentiation in the gut. Immunity 2023; 56:1115-1131.e9. [PMID: 36917985 PMCID: PMC10175221 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells are dependent on adherent microbes in the gut for their development. However, how microbial adherence to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) promotes Th17 cell differentiation remains enigmatic. Here, we found that Th17 cell-inducing gut bacteria generated an unfolded protein response (UPR) in IECs. Furthermore, subtilase cytotoxin expression or genetic removal of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) in IECs caused a UPR and increased Th17 cells, even in antibiotic-treated or germ-free conditions. Mechanistically, UPR activation in IECs enhanced their production of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and purine metabolites. Treating mice with N-acetyl-cysteine or allopurinol to reduce ROS production and xanthine, respectively, decreased Th17 cells that were associated with an elevated UPR. Th17-related genes also correlated with ER stress and the UPR in humans with inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, we identify a mechanism of intestinal Th17 cell differentiation that emerges from an IEC-associated UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan D Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lukas W Unger
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK; Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 10090, Austria
| | - Thomas Hanley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niklas Krupka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul Griebel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Conner Lambden
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brandon Sit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joep Grootjans
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sina Kaiser
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tobias Fuhrer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Donggi Paik
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunjin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Lynn Bry
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Uwe Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun R Huh
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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48
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Kalamakis G, Platt RJ. CRISPR for neuroscientists. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00306-9. [PMID: 37201524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genome engineering technologies provide an entry point into understanding and controlling the function of genetic elements in health and disease. The discovery and development of the microbial defense system CRISPR-Cas yielded a treasure trove of genome engineering technologies and revolutionized the biomedical sciences. Comprising diverse RNA-guided enzymes and effector proteins that evolved or were engineered to manipulate nucleic acids and cellular processes, the CRISPR toolbox provides precise control over biology. Virtually all biological systems are amenable to genome engineering-from cancer cells to the brains of model organisms to human patients-galvanizing research and innovation and giving rise to fundamental insights into health and powerful strategies for detecting and correcting disease. In the field of neuroscience, these tools are being leveraged across a wide range of applications, including engineering traditional and non-traditional transgenic animal models, modeling disease, testing genomic therapies, unbiased screening, programming cell states, and recording cellular lineages and other biological processes. In this primer, we describe the development and applications of CRISPR technologies while highlighting outstanding limitations and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kalamakis
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Randall J Platt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland; NCCR MSE, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Botnar Research Center for Child Health, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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49
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Späth MR, Hoyer-Allo KJR, Seufert L, Höhne M, Lucas C, Bock T, Isermann L, Brodesser S, Lackmann JW, Kiefer K, Koehler FC, Bohl K, Ignarski M, Schiller P, Johnsen M, Kubacki T, Grundmann F, Benzing T, Trifunovic A, Krüger M, Schermer B, Burst V, Müller RU. Organ Protection by Caloric Restriction Depends on Activation of the De Novo NAD+ Synthesis Pathway. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:772-792. [PMID: 36758124 PMCID: PMC10125653 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT AKI is a major clinical complication leading to high mortality, but intensive research over the past decades has not led to targeted preventive or therapeutic measures. In rodent models, caloric restriction (CR) and transient hypoxia significantly prevent AKI and a recent comparative transcriptome analysis of murine kidneys identified kynureninase (KYNU) as a shared downstream target. The present work shows that KYNU strongly contributes to CR-mediated protection as a key player in the de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis pathway. Importantly, the link between CR and NAD+ biosynthesis could be recapitulated in a human cohort. BACKGROUND Clinical practice lacks strategies to treat AKI. Interestingly, preconditioning by hypoxia and caloric restriction (CR) is highly protective in rodent AKI models. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are unknown. METHODS Kynureninase (KYNU) knockout mice were generated by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and comparative transcriptome, proteome and metabolite analyses of murine kidneys pre- and post-ischemia-reperfusion injury in the context of CR or ad libitum diet were performed. In addition, acetyl-lysin enrichment and mass spectrometry were used to assess protein acetylation. RESULTS We identified KYNU as a downstream target of CR and show that KYNU strongly contributes to the protective effect of CR. The KYNU-dependent de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis pathway is necessary for CR-associated maintenance of NAD+ levels. This finding is associated with reduced protein acetylation in CR-treated animals, specifically affecting enzymes in energy metabolism. Importantly, the effect of CR on de novo NAD+ biosynthesis pathway metabolites can be recapitulated in humans. CONCLUSIONS CR induces the de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway in the context of IRI and is essential for its full nephroprotective potential. Differential protein acetylation may be the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship of NAD+, CR, and nephroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K. Johanna R. Hoyer-Allo
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Seufert
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Lucas
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Bock
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lea Isermann
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Kiefer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix C. Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Bohl
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Ignarski
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Schiller
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Johnsen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Torsten Kubacki
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Burst
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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50
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Gödecke N, Herrmann S, Weichelt V, Wirth D. A Ubiquitous Chromatin Opening Element and DNA Demethylation Facilitate Doxycycline-Controlled Expression during Differentiation and in Transgenic Mice. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:482-491. [PMID: 36755406 PMCID: PMC9942253 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic expression cassettes provide the ability to control transgene expression in experimental animal models through external triggers, enabling the study of gene function and the modulation of endogenous regulatory networks in vivo. The performance of synthetic expression cassettes in transgenic animals critically depends on the regulatory properties of the respective chromosomal integration sites, which are affected by the remodeling of the chromatin structure during development. The epigenetic status may affect the transcriptional activity of the synthetic cassettes and even lead to transcriptional silencing, depending on the chromosomal sites and the tissue. In this study, we investigated the influence of the ubiquitous chromosome opening element (UCOE) HNRPA2B1-CBX3 and its subfragments A2UCOE and CBX3 on doxycycline-controlled expression modules within the chromosomal Rosa26 locus. While HNRPA2B1-CBX3 and A2UCOE reduced the expression of the synthetic cassettes in mouse embryonic stem cells, CBX3 stabilized the expression and facilitated doxycycline-controlled expression after in vitro differentiation. In transgenic mice, the CBX3 element protected the cassettes from overt silencing although the expression was moderate and only partially controlled by doxycycline. We demonstrate that CBX3-flanked synthetic cassettes can be activated by decitabine-mediated blockade of DNA methylation or by specific recruitment of the catalytic demethylation domain of the ten-eleven translocation protein TET1 to the synthetic promoter. This suggests that CBX3 renders the synthetic cassettes permissive for subsequent epigenetic activation, thereby supporting doxycycline-controlled expression. Together, this study reveals a strategy for overcoming epigenetic constraints of synthetic expression cassettes, facilitating externally controlled transgene expression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Gödecke
- RG
Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Herrmann
- RG
Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Viola Weichelt
- RG
Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- RG
Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany,Institute
of Experimental Hematology, Medical University
Hannover (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany,
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