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Alazzam MF, Rasheed IB, Aljundi SH, Shamiyah DA, Khader YS, Abdelhafez RS, Alrashdan MS. Oral processing behavior and dental caries; an insight into a new relationship. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306143. [PMID: 38954716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence suggests an individual variation in the preferred oral processing behavior. Individuals can be classified as firm processing(FPL) or soft processing likers(SPL). FPL(crunchers and chewers) prefer using their teeth while SPL(smooshers and suckers) prefer using the tongue and the palate when processing different food items. Variation in the preferred oral processing behavior has been associated with differences in food texture preference and eating time. Time is one of the factors directly related to the development of dental caries(tooth decay). Oral retention and eating times are associated with greater caries experience. This study aims to explore if a relationship exists between the preferred oral processing behavior and the individual's caries experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, dental center-based study conducted at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Five hundred participants consented to fill out the preferred oral processing behavior(POPB) questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements (including weight, height, and waist circumference) were recorded. A single trained and calibrated dentist registered each participant's caries experience and plaque levels using the DMFS index and plaque index of Silness and Loe. RESULTS A total of 351(70.2%) and 149(29.8%) participants were typed as FPL and SPL, respectively. SPL demonstrated higher levels of dental caries experience compared to FPL. The mean DMFS score for SPL was 28.8(±25.43) while for FPL was 18.71(± 18.34). This difference remained significant after adjustment for confounders(P<0.001). SPL exhibited a significantly higher mean score for the "M" component(P <0.001) while no significant difference in the mean score of the "D"(P = 0.076) and "F"(P = 0.272) components was observed when compared to FPL. CONCLUSION The current findings provide new insight into a possible relationship between the preferred oral processing behavior and an individual's caries experience. A relationship in which the preferred oral processing behavior can potentially affect and/or be affected by the dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie F Alazzam
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Issam B Rasheed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Suhad H Aljundi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dalal A Shamiyah
- Undergraduate Bachelor of Dental Surgery Program, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reem S Abdelhafez
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S Alrashdan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Ahmad P, Hussain A, Siqueira WL. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches for salivary protein biomarkers discovery and dental caries diagnosis: A critical review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:826-856. [PMID: 36444686 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial chronic disease resulting from the intricate interplay among acid-generating bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and several host factors such as saliva. Saliva comprises several proteins which could be utilized as biomarkers for caries prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Mass spectrometry-based salivary proteomics approaches, owing to their sensitivity, provide the opportunity to investigate and unveil crucial cariogenic pathogen activity and host indicators and may demonstrate clinically relevant biomarkers to improve caries diagnosis and management. The present review outlines the published literature of human clinical proteomics investigations on caries and extensively elucidates frequently reported salivary proteins as biomarkers. This review also discusses important aspects while designing an experimental proteomics workflow. The protein-protein interactions and the clinical relevance of salivary proteins as biomarkers for caries, together with uninvestigated domains of the discipline are also discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Chen X, Inoue G, Fan L, Sekizawa O, Nitta K, Ikeda M, Shimada Y. Enhancement of mineral density and mechanical properties in root caries treated with silver diammine fluoride and glass ionomer cement, with emphasis on silver ion distribution. J Dent 2024; 146:105041. [PMID: 38762076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to measure the distribution of silver ion (Ag+), mineral recovery, and nanohardness in carious lesions and comprehensively evaluate the degree of dentin restoration. METHODS Sixty human teeth with root caries were randomly assigned to the control, silver diammine fluoride (SDF) [Safo], and SDF+Glass ionomer cement (GIC) treatment [Safo+Fuji] groups. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed at five time points for each sample before/after treatment to evaluate mineral density within and around carious lesions. Three months following treatment, 12 samples were selected for synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis to evaluate Ag+ distribution, while 15 samples were selected for nanoindentation. Data were analyzed using Dunnett's T3 test for micro-CT and Wilcoxon rank sum test with Bonferroni correction (p = 0.017) for nanoindentation. The correlation between hardness and mineral change was analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The Safo and Safo+Fuji groups showed significantly higher mineral recovery rates than did the control group (p < 0.001). In the Safo group, Ag+ accumulated in the deeper layers rather than the superficial layer of caries. In the Safo+Fuji group, Ag+ was found evenly distributed throughout caries, with only a few Ag+ detected in the GIC layer. Hardness in the Safo+Fuji group was significantly higher compared with the Safo group at depths in the range of 10-50 µm. CONCLUSION In the presence of GICs, SDF exhibited high remineralization capacity when diffusing throughout carious lesions over time. Combined treatment with SDF and GIC could strengthen root dentin even in the presence of caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE We found that combination treatment with SDF and GIC could increase mineral density in caries and improve the hardness of the tooth structure compared with fluoride-based agents alone. These findings might pave the way for future clinical trials to determine the therapeutic potential of nanotechnology-based restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Go Inoue
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Oki Sekizawa
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Nitta
- Research & Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Oral Biomedical Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Tiisanoja A, Anttonen V, Syrjälä AM, Ylöstalo P. High Anticholinergic Burden and Dental Caries: Findings from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024:23800844241253250. [PMID: 38872382 DOI: 10.1177/23800844241253250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticholinergic drugs propose a threat for oral health by causing dry mouth. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether a high anticholinergic burden was associated with the presence of initial caries lesions, manifested caries lesions, dental fillings, or tooth loss among 46-y-old people. METHODS The study population consisted of 1,906 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who underwent an oral health examination in 2012-2013. Socioeconomic and medical data were collected from questionnaires, medical records, and national registers. Nine previously published anticholinergic scales were combined and used to measure the high anticholinergic burden from the participants' medication data. Cariological status was determined according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System, and the number of missing teeth (excluding third molars) was used as an indicator for tooth loss. The decayed, missing, and filled surfaces index was used to depict caries experience. Negative binominal regression models were used to estimate prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Fourteen percent of the participants (n = 276) used at least 1 anticholinergic drug and about 3% had a high anticholinergic burden (n = 61). After adjusting for confounding factors, participants with a high anticholinergic burden had a higher likelihood of having manifested carious lesions needing restorative treatment (PRR, 1.60; CI, 1.11-2.29) and more missing teeth (PRR, 1.59; CI, 1.13-2.24) when compared to participants without any or with a lower anticholinergic burden. CONCLUSIONS High anticholinergic burden was associated with a present caries experience and with tooth loss among the general middle-aged population. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The findings of this study suggest that middle-aged patients with a high anticholinergic burden may have a heightened risk of dental caries. These patients may benefit from targeted caries preventive regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiisanoja
- Social and Health Services, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu
| | - V Anttonen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu
| | - A-M Syrjälä
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu
| | - P Ylöstalo
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu
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Ashford JR. Impaired oral health: a required companion of bacterial aspiration pneumonia. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1337920. [PMID: 38894716 PMCID: PMC11183832 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1337920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Laryngotracheal aspiration has a widely-held reputation as a primary cause of lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, and is a major concern of care providers of the seriously ill orelderly frail patient. Laryngeal mechanical inefficiency resulting in aspiration into the lower respiratory tract, by itself, is not the cause of pneumonia. It is but one of several factors that must be present simultaneously for pneumonia to develop. Aspiration of oral and gastric contentsoccurs often in healthy people of all ages and without significant pulmonary consequences. Inthe seriously ill or elderly frail patient, higher concentrations of pathogens in the contents of theaspirate are the primary catalyst for pulmonary infection development if in an immunocompromised lower respiratory system. The oral cavity is a complex and ever changing eco-environment striving to maintain homogeneity among the numerous microbial communities inhabiting its surfaces. Poor maintenance of these surfaces to prevent infection can result inpathogenic changes to these microbial communities and, with subsequent proliferation, can altermicrobial communities in the tracheal and bronchial passages. Higher bacterial pathogen concentrations mixing with oral secretions, or with foods, when aspirated into an immunecompromised lower respiratory complex, may result in bacterial aspiration pneumonia development, or other respiratory or systemic diseases. A large volume of clinical evidence makes it clear that oral cleaning regimens, when used in caring for ill or frail patients in hospitals and long-term care facilities, drastically reduce the incidence of respiratory infection and death. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine oral health as a required causative companionin bacterial aspiration pneumonia development, and the effectiveness of oral infection control inthe prevention of this disease.
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Raittio E, Baelum V, Nascimento GG, Lopez R. Dental service use among adults with incident type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024. [PMID: 38778569 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is not clear if or how the incidence of systemic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects dental service utilization. Using nationwide Danish register data, the aim of this study was to analyse the use of dental services 7 years before and after being diagnosed with DM2, RA or IBD between 1997 and 2011. METHODS Information about incident DM2 was obtained from the National Diabetes Register, and incident RA and IBD were defined based on diagnosis codes of hospital contacts identified through the National Patient Register. Separately, for each of the three conditions, each individual with the incident condition was matched to one control individual based on age, gender, country of origin, municipality of residence, highest completed education, the main source of income and income using coarsened exact matching in the year of incidence. The use of dental services and treatments received within each calendar year from 7 years before to 7 years after getting the condition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS People with incident DM2 were less likely (by seven percentage points) to be dental service users within a year than people without incident DM2 for a period extending from up to 7 years prior to 7 years after the diagnosis. This difference even slightly increased after the diagnosis. Those with incident IBD exhibited a consistently but modestly higher proportion of dental service use (three percentage points) than those without incident IBD before and after the diagnosis. Differences in the use of services between those with or without incident RA were minor. For all three systemic diseases, detected differences mainly mirrored differences in the provision of supragingival scaling and restorative treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the impact of these three systemic conditions on dental service use was minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Raittio
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vibeke Baelum
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rodrigo Lopez
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Translational Oral Research (TOR) - Periodontology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Ghanem AS, Németh O, Móré M, Nagy AC. Role of oral health in heart and vascular health: A population-based study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301466. [PMID: 38635852 PMCID: PMC11025934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and hypercholesterolemia, are a major public health challenge. This study investigates the influence of oral health indicators, including gum bleeding, active dental caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss, on their prevalence in Hungary, considering socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the 2019 Hungarian European Health Interview Survey with 5,603 participants informed this analysis. Data were accessed from the records maintained by the Department of Health Informatics at the University of Debrecen between September and November 2023. Variable selection employed elastic net regularization and k-fold cross-validation, leading to high-performing predictors for weighted multiple logistic regression models. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the findings' validity. RESULTS Significant links were found between poor oral health and chronic cardiac conditions. Multiple teeth extractions increased hypertension risk (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: [1.01-2.77]); dental prosthetics had an OR of 1.45 [1.20-1.75]. Gum bleeding was associated with higher cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.69 [1.30-2.21]) and hypercholesterolemia risks (OR = 1.40 [1.09-1.81]). CONCLUSIONS Oral health improvement may reduce the risk of cardiac conditions. This underscores oral health's role in multidisciplinary disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Sayed Ghanem
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Németh
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Móré
- Institute of Social and Sociological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Attila Csaba Nagy
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Varzakas T, Antoniadou M. A Holistic Approach for Ethics and Sustainability in the Food Chain: The Gateway to Oral and Systemic Health. Foods 2024; 13:1224. [PMID: 38672896 PMCID: PMC11049237 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Food production is a complex matter, affecting people's lives, organizations' profits, and the well-being of the whole planet, and has multifaceted ethical considerations surrounding its production, distribution, and consumption. This paper addresses the pressing need to confront ethical challenges within the food system, encompassing issues such as environmental sustainability, food security, and individual food choices for better oral and systemic health of all individuals around the globe. From agricultural practices to global trade and food waste, ethical implications are addressed across various domains, highlighting the interconnectedness of ethical decision-making in the food industry. Central themes explored include the ethical dimensions of food production methods, the impact of global trade on food ethics, and the role of individuals in making ethically informed food choices. Additionally, this paper considers the spiritual and physical significance of food, particularly through the lens of oral health as a gateway to holistic well-being. Recognizing the complexity of the food and mouth ecosystem, this paper calls for serious interventions in legislation and economics to promote ethical protocols and techniques for sustainability reasons. It emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in food safety management systems, regulatory frameworks, and quality standards. Moreover, this paper underlines the need for a comprehensive approach to address ethical dilemmas and moral values inherent in the food industry and oral health policies, adopting the precautionary principle and ethical decision-making frameworks. This article finally aims to serve as a call to action for stakeholders across the food industry and the healthcare sector, to prioritize ethical practices, promote transparency, rearrange economic parameters, and work towards a more sustainable and equitable food system for inner and outer oral and systemic health and human sustainability for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Varzakas
- Department Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Maria Antoniadou
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Certified Systemic Analyst Program in Systemic Management (CSAP), University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
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Gao Y, Huang D, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Lu S. Diet-derived circulating antioxidants, periodontitis and dental caries: A Mendelian randomization study. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38566359 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Given the potential association between oxidative stress, periodontitis and dental caries, whether dietary supplementation with antioxidants is beneficial for periodontitis and dental caries has been widely reported, but remains controversial. This study aims to clarify these relationships through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS Circulating antioxidants (copper, selenium, zinc, ascorbate, β-carotene, lycopene, retinol and vitamin E) were derived from absolute circulating antioxidants and circulating antioxidant metabolites. Summary data of periodontitis and dental caries were obtained from two separate databases, respectively. We performed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis separately in different databases, followed by meta-analysis. The robustness of results was examined by sensitivity analyses, including three complementary MR methods, heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests, and PhenoScanner query. RESULTS IVW analysis showed that elevated levels of absolute circulating retinol reduced the risk of periodontitis (GLIDE: OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18-0.95, p = .038, power = 100%; FinnGen: OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.54, p = .004, power = 100%). The pooled OR for periodontitis risk per unit increase of retinol is 0.30 (95% CI = 0.15-0.61, p = .001, I2 = 40.3%, power = 100%). No significant associations were noted for genetically predicted circulating antioxidants and dental caries risk. The sensitivity analyses yielded similar estimates. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a negative causality between circulating retinol and periodontitis risk, and null linkage between circulating antioxidants and dental caries risk, suggesting potential strategies for the prevention and control of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanhong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
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Gu R, Wang Q, Shi P, Zhang Y, Ying D, Zhi Y, Zhang J. The association between dental caries and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1125-1133. [PMID: 37783894 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis and relapse of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) are primarily associated with infection. Dental caries is the most common chronic progressive oral infection in children. However, clinical studies of SSNS combined with dental caries in children are rare. METHODS In our retrospective cohort study from January 2021 to June 2022, 145 children with SSNS were included in the baseline analysis and 105 in the follow-up analysis. The follow-up period was 1 year. The primary study endpoints were the relapse-free period and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS). Secondary endpoints included the number and triggers of relapses and concomitant medications. RESULTS The median age was 5.5 years, with a caries rate of 60.7%, the mean DMFT/dmft was 3.86, and the caries filling rate was 1.6%. Except for the lower proportion of high household income and high parental education observed in the caries group, no statistical differences were found when comparing the other baseline data with the non-caries group. The caries group had a shorter relapse-free period and a lower 1-year cumulative relapse-free survival rate (HR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.17-3.09, P = 0.009). Univariate regression analysis showed caries associated with FRNS (OR = 2.714, 95% CI 1.021-7.219, P = 0.045), but the correlation no longer remained in the multivariate analysis. Additionally, seven cases of caries-derived pulpal periapical inflammation triggered SSNS relapses. The caries group had more infection triggers and concomitant medication use. CONCLUSION Dental caries and relapse of SSNS are potentially associated, but careful evaluation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Peipei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Daojing Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Chen A, Ng ST, Goh V, Siu SC, Yeung K, Tsang YC, Wang Q, Leung WK. Assessing oral health and the minimally important differences in oral health-related quality of life of non-diabetic and diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study. Aust Dent J 2024. [PMID: 38525834 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-diabetics and diabetics might have different oral health problems and impacts on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Comparison of oral health status and coping strategies between these patients, and evaluation of factors associated with OHRQoL might facilitate better treatment planning for improved patient-centred outcome. METHODS One hundred and eleven non-diabetics and 107 diabetics attending a public hospital were clinically examined and evaluated for coping strategies (abbreviated coping orientation to problems experienced) and OHRQoL [short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14S)]. Factors associated with OHRQoL were analysed through correlation/partial correlation. Minimally important differences (MID) of OHIP-14S were calculated to confirm associations between attachment loss, caries, and tooth loss with OHRQoL. RESULTS Non-diabetics had worse periodontal status. Diabetics had more missing teeth. Non-diabetics and diabetics employed maladaptive coping to manage oral health problems. Overall, non-diabetics reported worse OHRQoL. Determination of MID showed that non-diabetics with high-severe attachment loss and <20 teeth experienced poorer OHRQoL. Diabetics with caries, high-severe attachment loss, and <25 teeth experienced poorer OHRQoL. CONCLUSION Different factors were associated with OHRQoL of non-diabetics and diabetics. Delivery of treatment aimed at maintaining teeth in a periodontally healthy and caries free state, and provision of more chewing units might help improve OHRQoL of diabetics. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chen
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - S T Ng
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - V Goh
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - S-C Siu
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Integrated Diabetes Mellitus Research and Training Centre, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kws Yeung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Y C Tsang
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W K Leung
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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12
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徐 思, 魏 洁, 谢 静. [Research Progress of Cellular Lipid Droplets in Oral Diseases]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:475-481. [PMID: 38645850 PMCID: PMC11026902 DOI: 10.12182/20240160102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are dynamic multifunctional organelles composed of a neutral lipid core and a phospholipid monolayer membrane modified by a specific set of proteins. PAT family proteins are the most characteristic lipid droplet proteins, playing an important role in regulating lipid droplet structure, function, and metabolism. The biogenesis of lipid droplets involves neutral lipid synthesis and the nucleation, budding, and growth of the lipid droplets. Lipid droplets not only serve as the energy metabolism reserve of cells but also participate in intracellular signal transduction and the development of inflammation and tumor. Lipid droplets are closely connected to and interact with various organelles, regulating the division, the transportation, and the genetics of organelles. The complexity of lipid droplets biogenesis and the diversity of their functions may have provided a physiological basis for the pathogenesis and development of diseases, but further research is needed in order to better understand the relevant processes. Published findings have helped elucidate the association between lipid droplets and diseases, such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between lipid droplets and oral diseases has not been fully studied. Topics that warrant further research include the role and mechanisms of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis and development of oral diseases, the relationship between oral diseases and systemic diseases, and translation of the effect of lipid droplets on oral diseases into valuable clinical diagnostic and treatment methods. Herein, we reviewed the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets and the progress in research concerning lipid droplets in oral diseases, including mouth neoplasms, periodontitis, and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- 思群 徐
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 洁雅 魏
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 静 谢
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Ghanem AS, Nagy AC. Oral health's role in diabetes risk: a cross-sectional study with sociodemographic and lifestyle insights. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1342783. [PMID: 38516406 PMCID: PMC10955347 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1342783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes, a key chronic non-communicable disease, poses a substantial public health burden. The role of oral health as a determinant in the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus, particularly in the Central Eastern European region, remains underexplored. This research aims to examine the impact of specific oral health parameters, including gum bleeding, active dental caries, tooth mobility, and tooth loss, on diabetes prevalence. Additionally, it seeks to clarify the moderating effects of socio-demographic and lifestyle variables on this relationship. Materials and methods Data were extracted from the 2014 and 2019 datasets of the Hungarian European Health Interview Survey, comprising a combined nationally representative sample of 11,429 participants. Descriptive statistics were presented as weighted proportions and unweighted counts, and weighted Pearson's chi-squared tests were employed for assessing associations and goodness-of-fit. Significant predictors were integrated into weighted multiple logistic regression models for analysis. Sensitivity analysis was then conducted to confirm the robustness of the findings. Results The study identified 'Bad' self-perceived oral health as a diabetes risk (OR=1.35; 95% CI: [1.04-1.75]), with filled teeth being protective (0.65 [0.51-0.84]). Subgroup analysis revealed higher diabetes odds among individuals with primary education (1.41 [1.02-1.96]) and rural residents with tooth loss from decay (3.54 [1.36-9.19]). The bootstrap analysis with 1,000 iterations reaffirmed the model's stability and predictive accuracy for diabetes. Discussion Enhanced oral health is associated with lower risk factors for diabetes. This research highlights the importance of including oral health measures in comprehensive diabetes management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Csaba Nagy
- Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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14
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Mohanty M, Govind S, Rath S. Prevalence of salivary microbial load and lactic acid presence in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with different dental caries stages. Restor Dent Endod 2024; 49:e4. [PMID: 38449492 PMCID: PMC10912541 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to correlate caries-causing microorganism load, lactic acid estimation, and blood groups to high caries risk in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals and low caries risk in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods This study includes 30 participants divided into 3 groups: Group A, High-risk caries diabetic individuals; Group B, High-risk caries non-diabetic individuals; and Group C, Low-risk caries individuals. The medical condition, oral hygiene, and caries risk assessment (American Dental Association classification and International Caries Detection and Assessment System scoring) were documented. Each individual's 3 mL of saliva was analyzed for microbial load and lactic acid as follows: Part I: 2 mL for microbial quantity estimation using nutrient agar and blood agar medium, biochemical investigation, and carbohydrate fermentation tests; Part II: 0.5 mL for lactic acid estimation using spectrophotometric analysis. Among the selected individuals, blood group correlation was assessed. The χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and post hoc analysis were done using Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Results Group A had the highest microbial load and lactic acid concentration, followed by Groups B and C. The predominant bacteria were Lactobacilli (63.00 ± 15.49) and Streptococcus mutans (76.00 ± 13.90) in saliva. Blood Group B is prevalent in diabetic and non-diabetic high-risk caries patients but statistically insignificant. Conclusions Diabetic individuals are more susceptible to dental caries due to high microbial loads and increased lactic acid production. These factors also lower the executing tendency of neutrophils, which accelerates microbial accumulation and increases the risk of caries in diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mohanty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hi-tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shashirekha Govind
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anushandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shakti Rath
- (Microbiology & Research) Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Salminen A, Määttä A, Mäntylä P, Leskelä J, Pietiäinen M, Buhlin K, Suominen A, Paju S, Sattler W, Sinisalo J, Pussinen P. Systemic Metabolic Signatures of Oral Diseases. J Dent Res 2024; 103:13-21. [PMID: 37968796 PMCID: PMC10734208 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic metabolic signatures of oral diseases have been rarely investigated, and prospective studies do not exist. We analyzed whether signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases are associated with circulating metabolites. Two study populations were included: the population-based Health-2000 (n = 6,229) and Parogene (n = 452), a cohort of patients with an indication to coronary angiography. Health-2000 participants (n = 4,116) provided follow-up serum samples 11 y after the baseline. Serum concentrations of 157 metabolites were determined with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based method. The associations between oral parameters and metabolite concentrations were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, number of teeth, smoking, presence of diabetes, and education (in Health-2000 only). The number of decayed teeth presented positive associations with low-density lipoprotein diameter and the concentrations of pyruvate and citrate. Negative associations were found between caries and the unsaturation degree of fatty acids (FA) and relative proportions of docosahexaenoic and omega-3 FAs. The number of root canal fillings was positively associated with very low-density lipoprotein parameters, such as diameter, cholesterol, triglycerides, and number of particles. Deepened periodontal pockets were positively associated with concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, pyruvate, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, and glycoprotein acetyls and negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) diameter, FA unsaturation degree, and relative proportions of omega-6 and polyunsaturated FAs. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was associated with increased concentrations of triglycerides and glycoprotein acetyls, as well as decreased proportions of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs. Caries at baseline predicted alterations in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and HDL-related metabolites in the follow-up, and both caries and BOP were associated with changes in HDL-related metabolites and omega-3 FAs in the follow-up. Signs of current or past infectious/inflammatory oral diseases, especially periodontitis, were associated with metabolic profiles typical for inflammation. Oral diseases may represent a modifiable risk factor for systemic chronic inflammation and thus cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A.M. Määttä
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. Mäntylä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Odontology Education, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J. Leskelä
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K. Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A.L. Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Odontology Education, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W. Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J. Sinisalo
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P.J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Berg RL, Glurich I, Panny A, Scannapieco FA, Miecznikowski J, VanWormer J, Acharya A. Modeling longitudinal oral health status and pneumonia risk: secondary data analyses of an integrated dental-medical cohort. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:950. [PMID: 38041050 PMCID: PMC10690969 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence indicates potential associations between poor oral health status (OHS) and increased pneumonia risk. Relative pneumonia risk was assessed in the context of longitudinally documented OHS. METHODS Electronic medical/dental patient data captured from 2007 through 2019 were retrieved from the integrated health records of Marshfield Clinic Health Systems. Participant eligibility initiated with an assessment of OHS, stratified into the best, moderate, or worst OHS groups, with the additional criterion of 'no pneumonia diagnosis in the past 90 days'. Pneumonia incidence was longitudinally monitored for up to 1 year from each qualifying dental visit. Models were assessed, with and without adjustment for prior pneumonia incidence, adjusted for smoking and subjected to confounding mitigation attributable to known pneumonia risk factors by applying propensity score analysis. Time-to-event analysis and proportional hazard modeling were applied to investigate relative pneumonia risk over time among the OHS groups. RESULTS Modeling identified associations between any incident pneumonia subtype and 'number of missing teeth' (p < 0.001) and 'clinically assessed periodontal status' (p < 0.01), which remained significant following adjustment for prior pneumonia incidence and smoking. The hazard ratio (HR) for 'any incident pneumonia' in the best OHS group for 'number of missing teeth' was 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.54 - 0.79] (unadjusted) and 0.744, 95% CI [0.61 - 0.91] (adjusted). The HR for 'any incident pneumonia' in the best 'clinically assessed periodontal status' group was 0.72, 95% CI [0.58 - 0.90] (unadjusted) and 0.78, 95% CI [0.62 - 0.97] (adjusted). CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE Poor OHS increased pneumonia risk. Proactive attention of medical providers to patient OHS and health literacy surrounding oral-systemic disease association is vital, especially in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Berg
- Office of Research Computing and Analytics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Ingrid Glurich
- Cancer Care and Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA.
| | - Aloksagar Panny
- Clinical Informatics, Methodist Health System, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Frank A Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Foster Hall, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Miecznikowski
- Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey VanWormer
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Amit Acharya
- Advocate Aurora Health, 3075 Highland Parkway, Suite 600, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
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Javadzadeh E, Razeghi S, Shamshiri A, Miri HH, Moghaddam F, Schroth RJ, Mohebbi SZ. Prevalence and socio-behavioral determinants of early childhood caries in children 1-5- year- old in Iran. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293428. [PMID: 38011147 PMCID: PMC10681183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM According to the World Health Organization (WHO), early childhood caries (ECC) is still considered a major global health problem despite the general improvement in oral health practice. This study aimed to assess ECC's prevalence, severity, and key social and behavioral determinants in Iranian children 1-5- years of age. METHOD This cross-sectional study recruited Iranian 1-5-year-olds with a three-stage stratified clustered sampling method. After providing consent, parents were interviewed using a validated questionnaire, including questions on child characteristics and behavioral factors. Each child underwent a dental examination by one of four trained and calibrated dentists. Associations between key covariates of interest and primary outcome measures were assessed by multivariable logistic regression modeling and multivariate generalized negative binomial regression modeling after weightings were applied. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V25 and Stata V14.2 software packages. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean age of 909 participants was 41.1±1.2 months, 48.6% were male, and 38.1% lived in rural areas. The overall prevalence of ECC was 53.2% and mean dmft score was 2.7± 0.3. Key determinants associated with ECC included living rurally (p = 0.009, OR = 2.13), consuming sweet drinks, sugary snacks, or both [p-value = 0.02 (OR = 2.53), and p-value<0.001 (OR = 4.96), respectively], and visible plaque (p<0.001, OR = 3.41). Covariates associated with dmft scores included residing in rural regions (p = 0.02, IRR = 1.31), having both sugary snacks and sweet drinks (p = 0.02, IRR = 1.85) compared to those had none, and visible dental plaque (p<0.001, IRR = 2.06). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dental caries in children is high in Iran. The increase of ECC prevalence and severity from toddlers to preschoolers emphasizes on the critical importance of early interventions in toddlers. Improving access to care for rural children is essential along with the need to change dietary and self-care behaviors through multilevel efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Javadzadeh
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Razeghi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Shamshiri
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Moghaddam
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert J. Schroth
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry and Department of Pediatric and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady, College of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Simin Z. Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Professor and Head of Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Surlari Z, Ciurcanu OE, Budala DG, Butnaru O, Luchian I. An Update on the Interdisciplinary Dental Care Approach for Geriatric Diabetic Patients. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:114. [PMID: 38132485 PMCID: PMC10743251 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8060114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent health issue escalating worldwide that gives rise to numerous problems. Periodontal disorders are recognized as the sixth consequence associated with diabetes mellitus. Research shows that dental health affects overall health, and this knowledge is changing the dental field. The correct choice of glucose goal levels and the optimal selection of glucose-lowering medications are determined by a comprehensive geriatric assessment, an estimate of life expectancy, and a rationale for therapy at regular intervals in elderly diabetics. This article provides an overview of the correlation between diabetes and oral health, with a specific emphasis on xerostomia, periodontal disease, and dental caries. Thus, dentists play a significant role within the allied health profession by contributing to the provision of oral care for those diagnosed with diabetes, with a special focus on geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenovia Surlari
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universității Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Oana Elena Ciurcanu
- Department of Dental Surgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dana Gabriela Budala
- Department of Implantology, Removable Prostheses, Dental Prostheses Technology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitătii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Butnaru
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ionut Luchian
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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19
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Baima G, Shin HS, Arrica M, Laforí A, Cordaro M, Romandini M. The co-occurrence of the two main oral diseases: periodontitis and dental caries. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6483-6492. [PMID: 37714978 PMCID: PMC10630193 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited studies are available testing through multiple regression models the association between the two main oral diseases: dental caries and periodontitis. The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to verify whether dental caries and periodontitis co-occur in a representative sample of the South Korea population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 23,405 subjects representative of 36.2 million of adults (KNHANES) were examined. Univariate and multiple regression analyses using 7 different models were applied, controlling for age, gender, smoking status, frequency of toothbrushing, use of interproximal toothbrushes and flossing, educational level, income, gum diseases treatment and tooth filling in the previous year, BMI, Vitamin D serum levels, alcoholism, diabetes status, stress and carbohydrates dietary intake. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, participants with periodontitis had, respectively, a mean of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.41-1.23) and of 0.36 (95% CI: 0.22-0.50) more untreated decayed surfaces and teeth than participants without periodontitis, with an OR to have at least one untreated decayed surface of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.66-2.32). However, cumulative caries experience (DF scores) and periodontitis were not associated. CONCLUSIONS In this large nationally representative population, periodontitis and untreated dental caries co-occur. However, when considering cumulative caries experience (DF scores), the two diseases do not appear related. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In light of their possible co-occurrence, clinicians should implement integrative diagnostic, preventive and treatment strategies for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hye-Sun Shin
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Dongnam Health University, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Mariantonietta Arrica
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andreina Laforí
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 69, 0455, Geitmyrsveien, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Tan L, Zhong MM, Zhao YQ, Zhao J, Dusenge MA, Feng Y, Ye Q, Hu J, Ou-Yang ZY, Chen NX, Su XL, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Yuan H, Wang MY, Feng YZ, Guo Y. Type 1 diabetes, glycemic traits, and risk of dental caries: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1230113. [PMID: 37881806 PMCID: PMC10597668 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1230113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Regarding past epidemiological studies, there has been disagreement over whether type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is one of the risk factors for dental caries. The purpose of this study was to determine the causative links between genetic susceptibility to T1DM, glycemic traits, and the risk of dental caries using Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Methods: Summary-level data were collected on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T1DM, fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FI), and dental caries. MR was performed using the inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method, and sensitivity analyses were conducted using the MR-Egger method, weighted median, weighted mode, replication cohort, and multivariable MR conditioning on potential mediators. Results: The risk of dental caries increased as a result of genetic susceptibility to T1DM [odds ratio (OR) = 1.044; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.015-1.074; p = 0.003], with consistent findings in the replication cohort. The relationship between T1DM and dental caries was stable when adjusted for BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in multivariable MR. However, no significant correlations between the risk of dental caries and FG, HbA1c, or FI were found. Conclusion: These results indicate that T1DM has causal involvement in the genesis of dental caries. Therefore, periodic reinforcement of oral hygiene instructions must be added to the management and early multidisciplinary intervention of T1DM patients, especially among adolescents and teenagers, who are more susceptible to T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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21
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Hillebrecht AL, Waterkotte R, Ludwig E, Barbe AG. [Integrating risks for oral diseases into Structured Information Collection: A practice development project]. Pflege 2023. [PMID: 37772331 DOI: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrating risks for oral diseases into Structured Information Collection: A practice development project Abstract. Background: Deficient oral hygiene and oral diseases are highly prevalent among nursing staff. Up to now, there is no assessment for nursing professionals integrated in the daily nursing routine, which depicts the complex risks for oral diseases. The Structured Information Collection (SIS) is a concept to guide the nursing process and enables individual action planning. Aim: The aim was to integrate oral diseases as a nursing-relevant risk into the SIS and to develop an assessment instrument for oral hygiene deficits/diseases integrated into the SIS topic areas. Methods: Based on a literature search, 21 systematic reviews describing SIS topic areas and oral health risks were analysed by a panel of experts. The caregiver-relevant oral health risks identified in this way were compared with existing oral health assessment instruments and with screening criteria recommended in the German national expert standard for the promotion of oral health in care. Since none of the oral health assessments covers all nursing-relevant oral health risks and the recommended screening criteria of the expert standard, the area of "oral diseases" was integrated into the SIS as an additional category, and an oral health assessment adapted to the SIS was developed. Results: This article presents the SIS expanded to include nursing-relevant oral disease risk and the newly developed Oral Risk Assessment Prevention (Mu-RAP) for use by nurses. Conclusions: The SIS expanded to include oral disease and the Mu-RAP for identifying oral hygiene deficits/diseases cover all nursing-relevant oral health risks. Further studies on the applicability, reliability, and validity of the instrument, as well as on care-effective and patient-relevant effects of its use are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Hillebrecht
- Department für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Klinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Ramona Waterkotte
- Fort- und Weiterbildung, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Elmar Ludwig
- Referat Alterszahnheilkunde, Landeszahnärztekammer Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, Deutschland
| | - Anna Greta Barbe
- Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Sektion Parodontologie, Zentrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Uniklinik Köln, Deutschland
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22
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Wang Y, Gao H, Chang L, Xu J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Peng Q. Efficient Removal of Dental Plaque Biofilm from Training Typodont Teeth via Water Flosser. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1061. [PMID: 37760162 PMCID: PMC10525826 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque biofilms play critical roles in the development of dental caries. Mechanical plaque control methods are considered to be most effective for plaque removal, such as brushing teeth or using flosser. Recently, water flosser has been paid much attention. Here, we tested the ability of a water flosser to remove the adhered sucrose and the dental plaque biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Actinobacillus viscosus. We found that the residual sucrose concentration was 3.54 mg/mL in the control group, 1.75 mg/mL in the syringe group (simulating the ordinary mouthwash), and 0 mg/mL in water flosser group. In addition, the residual bacterial concentration was 3.6 × 108 CFU/mL in the control group, 1.6 × 107 CFU/mL in the syringe group, and only 5.5 × 105 CFU/mL in the water flosser group. In summary, water flosser is effective for cleaning the teeth, which may have significant potential in preventing dental caries and maintaining oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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23
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Shalini S, Sharma S, Anand A, Almalki SA, Biswas A, Sharma M, Sihag T, Ojha A, Garg Y, Paiwal K. An Assessment of the Prevalence of Dental Caries, Oral Hygiene Status, Deft Index, and Oral Hygiene Habits Among Children With Special Healthcare Needs. Cureus 2023; 15:e42416. [PMID: 37637578 PMCID: PMC10448303 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Children with special healthcare needs are at an increased risk of oral health problems, including dental caries. Understanding the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status, deft (decayed, extracted, filled teeth) index, and oral hygiene habits in this population is crucial for effective oral healthcare planning and interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status, deft index, and oral hygiene habits among children aged 4-15 years with special healthcare needs in Jodhpur District, Rajasthan, India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 124 children from various, government and non-governmental organizations (NGO)-run special schools. Data on dental caries, oral hygiene status, deft index, and oral hygiene habits were collected using standardized tools and techniques. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to analyze the data. Results The prevalence of dental caries among children with special healthcare needs was 65%. The severity of dental caries varied, with 40% classified as mild, 20% as moderate, and 5% as severe. Additionally, 75% of the children exhibited poor oral hygiene, as indicated by the oral hygiene status assessment. The mean deft index score was 2.8, indicating an average dental caries experience among the participants. Regarding oral hygiene habits, 60% reported brushing their teeth once a day, while 40% reported brushing twice a day. However, a significant proportion (70%) reported non-fluoride use, and 55% stated they did not perform regular flossing. Conclusion This study highlights a high prevalence of dental caries, poor oral hygiene status, and suboptimal oral hygiene habits among children with special healthcare needs in Jodhpur District. The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions focusing on preventive measures, oral health education, and improving access to oral healthcare for this vulnerable population. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal study designs is warranted to validate these findings and develop effective strategies for enhancing oral health outcomes in children with special healthcare needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Shalini
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Smitam Arogyam Dental Centre, Patna, IND
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental College RIMS, Ranchi, IND
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Sultan A Almalki
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj, SAU
| | - Arpan Biswas
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Vyas Dental College and Hospital, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Mridul Sharma
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, CAN
| | - Tarun Sihag
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Geetanjali Dental College, Udaipur, IND
| | - Akshaya Ojha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Private Practice, Jammu, IND
| | - Yogesh Garg
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, IND
| | - Kapil Paiwal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Daswani Dental College and Research Center, Kota, IND
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Awad M, Bani Issa W, Radwan H, Fakhry R, Al-Yateem N, Rossiter R. Association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in UAE: a pilot cross sectional study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1160428. [PMID: 37441619 PMCID: PMC10333752 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1160428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13-19 years old from private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t-tests were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) by age, sex, school type, mothers' employment, BMI categories, waist circumference, oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study. Results The average age of the participants was 16.2 ± 1.4 years old. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42% (N = 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% (N = 132) had average waist circumference and 18% (N = 29) with above average waist circumference. Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), (p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that, being a male, attending a public school and having average waist circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). Conclusion Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents in the UAE. Further research is required to investigate the complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between obesity and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Awad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wegdan Bani Issa
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa Fakhry
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel Rossiter
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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Kreher D, Ernst BLV, Ziebolz D, Haak R, Ebert T, Schmalz G. Dental Caries in Adult Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4128. [PMID: 37373822 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are repeatedly affected by oral diseases or complaints, including xerostomia, periodontitis and dental caries. The aim of this systematic review was the evaluation of caries prevalence and/or incidence in patients with RA. Within this review, there is a systematic search of the literature based on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Two independent researchers performed the search in February 2023. The search terms were "dental caries" AND "rheumatoid arthritis". Additionally, a manual search completed the review process. Studies on adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) only suffering from RA were included. Studies had to explicitly report on the prevalence or incidence of dental caries. The respective studies were checked regarding suitability and, if they were eligible, analyzed qualitatively. A quality appraisal was performed for all of the analyzed studies. A total of 336 studies were detected, of which 16 studies met the in- and exclusion criteria. The sample sizes of the clinical investigations ranged between 13 and 1337 participants. Twelve studies evaluated a healthy control group. In 8/12 studies, a significant difference in the prevalence/incidence of caries was found between RA patients and controls. The majority of the studies applied the decayed (DT), missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) for the diagnosis of caries. On average (mean value), 0.8 to 5.79 carious teeth per patient were reported across the studies. There was no information on the stadium, activity or location of caries (e.g., root caries) in any study. Quality appraisal revealed a moderate quality for most studies. In conclusion, caries prevalence was heterogeneous across studies, while a higher caries prevalence was repeatedly reported in RA patients against controls. Further research regarding dental caries in RA appears recommendable; multidisciplinary, patient-centered dental care for patients with RA should be fostered to improve patients' dental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kreher
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bero Luke Vincent Ernst
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
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Zheng T, Jing M, Gong T, Yan J, Wang X, Xu M, Zhou X, Zeng J, Li Y. Regulatory mechanisms of exopolysaccharide synthesis and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2225257. [PMID: 37346997 PMCID: PMC10281425 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2225257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a chronic, multifactorial and biofilm-mediated oral bacterial infection affecting almost every age group and every geographical region. Streptococcus mutans is considered an important pathogen responsible for the initiation and development of dental caries. It produces exopolysaccharides in situ to promote the colonization of cariogenic bacteria and coordinate dental biofilm development. Objective The understanding of the regulatory mechanism of S. mutans biofilm formation can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of caries. Design At present, an increasing number of studies have identified many regulatory systems in S. mutans that regulate biofilm formation, including second messengers (e.g. c-di-AMP, Ap4A), transcription factors (e.g. EpsR, RcrR, StsR, AhrC, FruR), two-component systems (e.g. CovR, VicR), small RNA (including sRNA0426, srn92532, and srn133489), acetylation modifications (e.g. ActG), CRISPR-associated proteins (e.g. Cas3), PTS systems (e.g. EIIAB), quorum-sensing signaling system (e.g. LuxS), enzymes (including Dex, YidC, CopZ, EzrA, lmrB, SprV, RecA, PdxR, MurI) and small-molecule metabolites. Results This review summarizes the recent progress in the molecular regulatory mechanisms of exopolysaccharides synthesis and biofilm formation in S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangchuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kanmodi KK, Uwambaye P, Amzat J, Salami AA. Dental caries in Rwanda: A scoping review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1258. [PMID: 37168280 PMCID: PMC10164754 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Dental caries is an infectious disease affecting virtually all nations, including Rwanda. In Rwanda, the burden of dental caries is an issue of public health concern. To ensure the progressive eradication of the current dental caries burden in Rwanda through an evidence-based approach, it is imperative to have an overview of the scientific research landscape of dental caries in the country. This study-a scoping review-aims to review the available evidence and gaps on dental caries in Rwanda. Methods This scoping review was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. A systematic search of 11 databases was done to scoop out all literature relevant to the topic. Based on the review's selection criteria, a total of eight peer-reviewed journal articles were included in the review. The extracted data were collated, summarized, and presented as results. Results The analysis of the data extracted from the included articles revealed a high prevalence of dental caries (ranging from 42.42% to 71.5%) in Rwanda. Also, the major pathogens causing dental caries in Rwanda as well as the impact of dental caries on the physical health and quality of life of Rwandans were identified in this review. Furthermore, the reported operative treatment options for dental caries in Rwanda were predominantly nonconservative. Also, no intervention study has been conducted on dental caries in Rwanda. Conclusion The findings in this review identify the need for massive public health interventions on dental caries in Rwanda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde K. Kanmodi
- School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of PuthisastraPhnom PenhCambodia
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc.IbadanNigeria
| | - Peace Uwambaye
- Department of Preventive and Community DentistryUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda
| | - Jimoh Amzat
- Department of SociologyUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria
- Department of SociologyUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Afeez A. Salami
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc.IbadanNigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity College HospitalIbadanNigeria
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Heat Shock Protein Inhibitors Show Synergistic Antibacterial Effects with Photodynamic Therapy on Caries-Related Streptococci In Vitro and In Vivo. mSphere 2023; 8:e0067922. [PMID: 36853046 PMCID: PMC10117063 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00679-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caries are chronic infections in which the cariogenic biofilm plays a critical role in disease occurrence and progression. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new effective treatment that is receiving wide attention in the antibacterial field, but it can lead to the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which enhances bacterial resistance. Herein, we incorporated HSP inhibitors with PDT to evaluate the effect on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Streptococcus sanguinis under planktonic conditions and on cariogenic biofilms. Additionally, a model of caries was established in 2-week-old rats, and anticaries properties were evaluated by Keyes' scoring. Importantly, the combination of HSP inhibitors and PDT had outstanding efficiency in inhibiting the growth of tested Streptococcus strains and the formation of either monomicrobial or multispecies biofilms in vitro. In addition, the quantity of colonized streptococci and the severity of carious lesions were also distinctly suppressed in vivo. Overall, the synergistic application of HSP inhibitors and PDT has promising potential in the prevention and treatment of dental caries. IMPORTANCE Effective therapies for the prevention and control of caries are urgently needed. Cariogenic streptococci play a key role in the occurrence and progression of caries. Recently, photodynamic therapy has been demonstrated to have good antibacterial efficiency, but it can cause a heat shock response in bacteria, which may weaken its practical effects. We indicate here an effective therapeutic strategy of combining heat shock protein inhibitors and photodynamic therapy, which shows excellent inhibition toward three dominant streptococci related to caries and suppression of carious progression in a rat model. Further development for clinical application is promising.
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Kreher D, Ernst BLV, Ziebolz D, Haak R, de Fallois J, Ebert T, Schmalz G. Prevalence of Dental Caries in Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy-A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041507. [PMID: 36836050 PMCID: PMC9967680 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients under renal replacement therapy (RRT) often show oral problems, including dry mouth, periodontal and dental diseases. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the caries burden in patients on RRT. Therefore, a systematic literature search based on the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was performed by two independent individuals in August 2022. Search terms were: "caries" AND "dialysis", "caries" AND "renal replacement therapy", "caries" AND "kidney". The systematic process was complemented by manual search. Studies on adult patients (age ≥ 18 years), treated by any form of RRT and explicitly reporting caries prevalence or incidence were checked for their eligibility and subsequently analyzed qualitatively. For all included studies, a quality appraisal was applied. From the systematic search, 653 studies were identified, of which 33 clinical investigations were included in the qualitative analysis. The majority (31 studies) of all included patients underwent hemodialysis (HD), with a sample size between 28 and 512 participants. Eleven studies investigated a healthy control group. Oral examinations were heterogeneous across studies; the caries burden was primarily assessed by decayed-(D-T), missing- and filled-teeth index (DMF-T). The number of decayed teeth ranged between 0.7 and 3.87 across studies. Only six out of these 11 studies found significant differences in caries prevalence/incidence between RRT and controls, whereby only four studies confirmed worse caries burden in RRT individuals. No information was provided on caries stadium (initial caries, advanced caries, invasive treatment need), caries activity or location (e.g., root caries) across studies. Most of the included studies were assessed to be of moderate quality. In conclusion, patients on RRT suffer from a high prevalence of dental caries. Alongside a need for further research in the field, improved, multidisciplinary, patient-centered dental care concepts are required to support dental and overall oral health in individuals on RRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kreher
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bero Luke Vincent Ernst
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan de Fallois
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Lim S, Tellez M, Ismail AI. Emotional distress and risk of dental caries: Evaluating effect modification by chronic conditions among low-income African American caregivers in Detroit, Michigan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1050511. [PMID: 36741955 PMCID: PMC9895370 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Limited research has been conducted regarding the association between mental illness and dental caries. We studied the impact of emotional distress on current and new dental caries among low-income African-American caregivers in Detroit, Michigan and if this association was mediated by poor oral hygiene and sugar consumption and modified by a chronic health condition. Methods Data came from Detroit Dental Health Project, a prospective cohort study of low-income African American caregivers and their children. We focused on baseline (n = 1,021) and 4-year follow-up participants (n = 614). Dental caries were assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. The study outcomes included two baseline caries outcomes (counts of non-cavitated lesions, baseline counts of cavitated lesions) and two outcomes of new caries over 4 years (new cavitated lesions and new non-cavitated lesions). The exposure was emotional distress. We performed multivariable quasi-Poisson regression analysis to test the association between emotional distress and caries. We tested effect modification by stratifying data by chronic health conditions and performed causal mediation analysis to test an indirect effect of oral hygiene and sugar consumption. Results Ninety six percent of the caregivers were female, and their average age was 28 years old. Thirteen percent reported emotional distress at baseline. After accounting for potential confounding, emotional distress was positively associated with cavitated lesions at baseline (IRR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.70). Among those with a chronic health condition, stronger association was observed (IRR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.35). After 4 years, those with emotional distress and chronic health conditions had an increased risk of developing non-cavitated carious lesions (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.88). Poor oral hygiene explained 51% of the association between emotional distress and baseline cavitated lesions (natural indirect effect = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.33), but there was no evidence for an indirect effect of sugar consumption. Conclusion In this group of young, African-American caregivers with low socioeconomic status, dental caries was associated with emotional distress. This association was explained by poor oral hygiene and strengthened among those who reported a chronic health condition.
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Park JH, Lee H, Kim JW, Song TJ. Better oral hygiene is associated with a reduced risk of cataract: A nationwide cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1036785. [PMID: 36660000 PMCID: PMC9842665 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1036785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association of oral health status and oral hygiene behaviors with cataract occurrence longitudinally. Materials and methods Based on the National Health Screening cohort database of Korea, participants who underwent oral health screening by dentists in 2003 were included. Cataract was defined as two or more claims of disease classification for the International Classification of Diseases-10 (E10.34, E11.34, E12.34, E13.34, E14.34, H25, and H26) with cataract specific treatment or surgery procedure claim codes. The occurrence of cataract was analyzed with Cox proportional hazard model according to the presence of periodontitis and oral health examination findings, including missing teeth, caries, tooth brushing, and dental scaling. Results Overall, 103,619 subjects were included. During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, cataract developed in 12,114 (11.7%) participants. Poor oral health status such as the presence of periodontitis (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, 95% CI [confidence interval] 0.99-1.17, p = 0.088) and increased number of missing teeth (adjusted HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.55-1.96, p < 0.001) was associated with the increased cataract risk. Better oral hygiene behaviors such as increased frequency of tooth brushing (adjusted HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79-0.88, p < 0.001) and performed dental scaling within 1 year (adjusted HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86-0.94, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with cataract occurrence. Conclusion Periodontitis and increased number of missing teeth may increase the risk of cataract. However, maintaining good oral hygiene through tooth brushing and dental scaling may reduce the risk of future cataract occurrence. Further studies should be performed to confirm the association between chronic oral inflammation and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heajung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Tae-Jin Song,
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Yang Y, Deng S, Wang C, Wang Y, Shi Y, Lin J, Wang N, Su L, Yang F, Wang H, Zhu S. Association of Dental Caries with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Sarcopenia: A Community-Based Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:10-20. [PMID: 36651482 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Changes in the oral cavity can reflect other changes throughout the body. This study aimed to investigate the association of dental caries with muscle mass, muscle strength, and sarcopenia, and also to describe the microbial diversity, composition, and community structure of severe dental caries and sarcopenia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study based on a Chinese population aged from 50 to 85 years. SETTING Communities from Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,442 participants aged from 50 to 85 years from a general community (62.8% women; median age 61.0 [interquartile range: 55.0, 68.0]). MEASUREMENTS Dental caries was assessed by the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both low muscle mass (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning) and low muscle strength (assessed by handgrip strength). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of dental caries with muscle mass, muscle strength, and sarcopenia. Fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA profiling to evaluate the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in patients with severe dental caries and/or sarcopenia. RESULTS In the fully adjusted logistic models, dental caries was positively associated with low muscle strength (DMFT ≥ 7: OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.25-2.06), and sarcopenia (DMFT ≥ 7: OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.01-2.26), but not low muscle mass. Severe dental caries was positively associated with higher alpha-diversity indices (richness, chao1, and ACE, all p < 0.05) and associated with beta-diversity based on Bray-Curtis distance (p = 0.006). The severe dental caries group and the sarcopenia group overlapped with 11 depleted and 13 enriched genera. CONCLUSION Dental caries was positively associated with low muscle strength and sarcopenia but not muscle mass, and this association was more pronounced in male individuals. Significant differences were observed in gut microbiota composition both in severe dental caries and sarcopenia, and there was an overlap of the genera features. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Dr. Huiming Wang, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, North Qiutao Road No.166, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ; Tel: 13858092696; Fax: 0571-87217433; Dr. Shankuan Zhu, Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; ; Tel : +86-571-8820-8520; Fax: +86-571-8820-8520
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Park JH, Kim JW, Lee H, Hong I, Song TJ. Better Oral Hygiene Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Meniere's Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010080. [PMID: 36675740 PMCID: PMC9860890 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association of the oral health parameters with Meniere’s disease in a nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort database. The data of the participants who underwent an oral health screening by dentists in 2003 (n = 2,415,963) were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The main outcome was the occurrence of Meniere’s disease, defined as two or more claims of the diagnostic code H810 with a previous audiometric examination. The occurrence of Meniere’s disease was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model according to the presence of periodontitis and the oral health examination findings, including missing teeth, the frequency of tooth brushing and dental scaling. Overall, the analysis included 2,240,282 participants. During a median follow-up of 16.7 years, Meniere’s disease developed in 112,106 (5.0%) participants. Poor oral health status was characterized by the presence of periodontitis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14−1.22, p < 0.001) and an increased number of missing teeth (≥15; aHR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18−1.32, p < 0.001) was associated with an increased risk of Meniere’s disease. Better oral hygiene behaviors, such as frequent tooth brushing (≥3 per day; aHR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.73−0.76, p < 0.001) and dental scaling within 1 year (aHR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97−0.99, p = 0.003) were negatively associated with the occurrence of Meniere’s disease. The presence of periodontitis and an increased number of missing teeth may augment the risk of the occurrence of Meniere’s disease. However, maintaining good oral hygiene through tooth brushing and dental scaling may be associated with a decreased risk of Meniere’s disease. Further studies should confirm the association between oral health and Meniere’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Heajung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksun Hong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6986-1672; Fax: +82-2-6986-7000
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Juan CY, Hsu CW, Lu MC. Increased dental visits in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a secondary cohort analysis of population based claims data. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:609. [PMID: 36522732 PMCID: PMC9753417 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the utilization of dental care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare the incidence of common dental disorders in patients with and without RA. METHODS This data used in this study was from the population-based Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified 1337 patients with newly diagnosed RA between January 2000 and December 2012. We also identified 13,370 individual without a diagnosis of RA using frequency matching on 5-year age intervals, sex, and index year. Patients with a diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome were excluded. Dental disorders were identified using respective ICD-9-CM codes confirmed by dentists. The incidence and incidence rate ratio [IRR] of each dental disorders were calculated using Poisson regression. RESULTS Compared with the comparison cohort, the prevalence of dentist visits in the RA cohort were significantly higher (70.3% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.008) and the frequency of dentist visits in the RA cohort were also significantly higher (median 2.67 vs. 1.78 per year, p < 0.001). In addition, the incidence of visits for dental caries (adjusted IRR 1.16, p < 0.001), pulpitis (adjusted IRR 1.12, p = 0.044), gingivitis (adjusted IRR 1.13, p = 0.027), periodontitis (adjusted IRR 1.13, p = 0.004), and oral ulcer (adjusted IRR 1.24, p = 0.003) were higher in patients with RA. CONCLUSIONS An elevated prevalence and frequency of dental visits were associated with patients with RA. In addition, elevated incidence of dental disorders, including dental caries, pulpitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, and oral ulceration, were observed. Oral health should be accessed regularly in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ya Juan
- grid.414692.c0000 0004 0572 899XDivision of Dentistry, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Hsu
- grid.414692.c0000 0004 0572 899XDepartment of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- grid.414692.c0000 0004 0572 899XDivision of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi 62247 Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Poulsen CS, Nygaard N, Constancias F, Stankevic E, Kern T, Witte DR, Vistisen D, Grarup N, Pedersen OB, Belstrøm D, Hansen T. Association of general health and lifestyle factors with the salivary microbiota - Lessons learned from the ADDITION-PRO cohort. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1055117. [PMID: 36467723 PMCID: PMC9709502 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1055117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research indicates that the salivary microbiota may be a biomarker of oral as well as systemic disease. However, clarifying the potential bias from general health status and lifestyle-associated factors is a prerequisite of using the salivary microbiota for screening. MATERIALS & METHODS ADDDITION-PRO is a nationwide Danish cohort, nested within the Danish arm of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive treatment in People with Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care. Saliva samples from n=746 individuals from the ADDITION-PRO cohort were characterized using 16s rRNA sequencing. Alpha- and beta diversity as well as relative abundance of genera was examined in relation to general health and lifestyle-associated variables. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was performed on individual variables and all variables together. Classification models were created using sparse partial-least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA) for variables that showed statistically significant differences based on PERMANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS Glycemic status, hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were found to be significantly associated with salivary microbial composition (individual variables PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). Collectively, these variables were associated with approximately 5.8% of the observed differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota. Smoking status was associated with 3.3% of observed difference, and smoking could be detected with good accuracy based on salivary microbial composition (AUC 0.95, correct classification rate 79.6%). CONCLUSIONS Glycemic status, HbA1c level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were significantly associated with the composition of the salivary microbiota. Despite smoking only being associated with 3.3% of the difference in overall salivary microbial composition, it was possible to create a model for detection of smoking status with a high correct classification rate. However, the lack of information on the oral health status of participants serves as a limitation in the present study. Further studies in other cohorts are needed to validate the external validity of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Nygaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Evelina Stankevic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timo Kern
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Borbye Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Al-Habib F, Al Abdulbaqi F, Alibrahim H, Alhamdan Y, Nazir MA, AlHumaid J. Physicians' awareness of oral-systemic links and its association with physician-reported patient referral to dentists. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276479. [PMID: 36264959 PMCID: PMC9584431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physicians promote oral health by screening for oral pathologies, providing emergency help, and referring patients to dentists. The literature consistently reports a robust association between periodontal disease and systemic diseases. However, it is not fully known if physicians in Saudi Arabia are aware of the oral-systemic disease links. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate physicians' awareness of the oral-systemic disease links and their association with patients' referral to dentists and patients' access to oral care. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted (June 2019-January 2020) on physicians working in private and public hospitals in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The physicians (n = 333) responded to a paper-based self-administered and pilot-tested questionnaire which inquired about their awareness of oral-systemic disease links and patient referral to dentists. The reliability of items of oral-systemic disease links was evaluated by calculating Cronbach's alpha (0.84). RESULTS Most participants (92.8%) agreed/strongly agreed that oral health is associated with systemic health. Half of the sample (50.8%) referred patients to dentists during the last month. Almost 80.5% believed that more patients will be referred to the dentists because of their awareness of the oral-systemic disease links and 84% believed that more patients will access oral care services if patients were aware of the oral-systemic disease links. The participants who referred patients to the dentists during the last month (P = 0.038), believed that more patients will be referred (P = 0.001), and believed that more patients will access oral care (P = 0.003) demonstrated significantly higher oral-systemic disease links awareness score. The adjusted model showed patients' referral to dentist (OR = 1.96.10, P = 0.006) and believing in more patients accessing oral care (OR = 2.05, P = 0.044) were associated with significantly increased awareness of the oral-systemic disease links. CONCLUSION Most physicians in the study were aware of the oral-systemic disease links. Increased awareness of the oral-systemic disease links was significantly associated with the referral of patients to dentists and belief in improved patients' access to oral care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Al-Habib
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al Abdulbaqi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Alibrahim
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Alhamdan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Nazir
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jehan AlHumaid
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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The Link between Stroke Risk and Orodental Status-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195854. [PMID: 36233721 PMCID: PMC9572898 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the primary causes of disability and mortality in the adult population worldwide is stroke. A person's general health is significantly impacted by their oral and dental health. People who have poor oral health are more susceptible to conditions such as stroke. Stroke risk has long been linked to oral and dental conditions. The risk of stroke and its cost impact on the healthcare systems appear to be significantly reduced as a result of the decline in the incidence and prevalence of oral and dental illnesses. Hypothetically, better management of oral hygiene and dental health lead to reduced stroke risk. To the authors' best knowledge, for the first time, the potential link between dental health and stroke were cross-examined. The most typical stroke symptoms, oral and dental illnesses linked to stroke, and the role of oral healthcare professionals in stroke prevention are revealed. The potential mediating processes and subsequent long-term cognitive and functional neurological outcomes are based on the available literature. It must be noted that periodontal diseases and tooth loss are two common oral health measures. Lack of knowledge on the effects of poor oral health on systemic health together with limited access to primary medical or dental care are considered to be partially responsible for the elevated risk of stroke. Concrete evidence confirming the associations between oral inflammatory conditions and stroke in large cohort prospective studies, stratifying association between oral disease severity and stroke risk and disease effects on stroke survival will be desirable. In terms of clinical pathology, a predictive model of stroke as a function of oral health status, and biomarkers of systemic inflammation could be useful for both cardiologists and dentists.
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Titanium Surface Characteristics Induce the Specific Reprogramming of Toll-like Receptor Signaling in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084285. [PMID: 35457102 PMCID: PMC9030374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the research on titanium-based dental implants (Ti-discs) is focused on how they are able to stimulate the formation of new tissue and/or cytotoxic studies, with very scarce data on their effects on functional responses by immunocompetent cells. In particular, the link between the rewiring of innate immune responses and surface biomaterials properties is poorly understood. To address this, we characterize the functional response of macrophage cultures to four different dental titanium surfaces (MA: mechanical abrasion; SB + AE: sandblasting plus etching; SB: sandblasting; AE: acid etching). We use different Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands towards cell surface receptors (bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS for TLR4; imiquimod for TLR7; synthetic bacterial triacylated lipoprotein for TLR2/TLR1) and endosomal membrane receptor (poly I:C for TLR3) to simulate bacterial (cell wall bacterial components) or viral infections (dsRNA and ssRNA). The extracellular and total LDH levels indicate that exposure to the different Ti-surfaces is not cytotoxic for macrophages under resting or TLR-stimulated conditions, although there is a tendency towards an impairment in macrophage proliferation, viability or adhesion under TLR4, TLR3 and TLR2/1 stimulations in SB discs cultures. The secreted IL-6 and IL-10 levels are not modified upon resting macrophage exposure to the Ti-surfaces studied as well as steady state levels of iNos or ArgI mRNA. However, macrophage exposure to MA Ti-surface do display an enhanced immune response to TLR4, TLR7 or TLR2/1 compared to other Ti-surfaces in terms of soluble immune mediators secreted and M1/M2 gene expression profiling. This change of characteristics in cellular phenotype might be related to changes in cellular morphology. Remarkably, the gene expression of Tlr3 is the only TLR that is differentially affected by distinct Ti-surface exposure. These results highlight the relevance of patterned substrates in dental implants to achieve a smart manipulation of the immune responses in the context of personalized medicine, cell-based therapies, preferential lineage commitment of precursor cells or control of tissue architecture in oral biology.
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