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Udensi J, Loskutova E, Loughman J, Byrne HJ. Raman spectroscopic analysis of human blood serum of glaucoma patients supplemented with macular pigment carotenoids. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400060. [PMID: 38937976 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As all major dietary carotenoids are contained in blood, it is a suitable substrate to evaluate their content, in vivo. Following 18-month supplementation of open-angle glaucoma patients with macula-pigment carotenoids (Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Meso-Zeaxanthin) in the European Nutrition in Glaucoma Management trial, Raman spectroscopic analysis of the carotenoid content of pre- and post-supplementation participant blood serum was carried out, to investigate the systemic impact of the supplementation regimen and explore a more direct way of quantifying this impact using routine blood tests. Using a 532 nm laser source for optimal response, a consistent increase in serum carotenoid concentration was observed in the supplemented serum, highest in patients with initial high baseline carotenoid content. A shift in the 1519 cm-1 carotenoid peak also revealed differences in the carotenoid structural profile of the two groups. The findings highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy toquantify and differentiate carotenoids directly in blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Udensi
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Cifuentes M, Vahid F, Devaux Y, Bohn T. Biomarkers of food intake and their relevance to metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2024; 15:7271-7304. [PMID: 38904169 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a prevalent risk factor associated with non communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A major factor impacting the etiology of MetS is diet. Dietary patterns and several individual food constituents have been related to the risk of developing MetS or have been proposed as adjuvant treatment. However, traditional methods of dietary assessment such as 24 h recalls rely greatly on intensive user-interaction and are subject to bias. Hence, more objective methods are required for unbiased dietary assessment and efficient prevention. While it is accepted that some dietary-derived constituents in blood plasma are indicators for certain dietary patterns, these may be too unstable (such as vitamin C as a marker for fruits/vegetables) or too broad (e.g. polyphenols for plant-based diets) or reflect too short-term intake only to allow for strong associations with prolonged intake of individual food groups. In the present manuscript, commonly employed biomarkers of intake including those related to specific food items (e.g. genistein for soybean or astaxanthin and EPA for fish intake) and novel emerging ones (e.g. stable isotopes for meat intake or microRNA for plant foods) are emphasized and their suitability as biomarker for food intake discussed. Promising alternatives to plasma measures (e.g. ethyl glucuronide in hair for ethanol intake) are also emphasized. As many biomarkers (i.e. secondary plant metabolites) are not limited to dietary assessment but are also capable of regulating e.g. anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, special attention will be given to biomarkers presenting a double function to assess both dietary patterns and MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cifuentes
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
- Doctoral School in Science and Engineering, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l'Université, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Farhad Vahid
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Precision Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Okada E, Kurotani K, Takimoto H. Skin Carotenoid Levels Are Associated with Demographic Factors, Body Size, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in the Japanese Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:2133. [PMID: 38999880 PMCID: PMC11243080 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between demographic factors, body size, and fruit and vegetable intake in the general population, focusing on individuals with both low and high skin carotenoid levels. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the 14th National Convention on the Promotion of Food and Nutrition Education (2019) in Yamanashi, Japan (a rural area) and the Open House 2019 at the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition in Tokyo, Japan (an urban area). Skin carotenoid measurements were conducted, and the participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The study population consisted of 492 Japanese individuals aged ≥16 years. The odds ratios (ORs) for low skin carotenoid levels were elevated in males, those who were overweight, and those who almost never consumed or consumed only one vegetable dish/day. Conversely, the ORs were lower in those living in Yamanashi, aged 30-39 and ≥70 years, and those who consumed fruit ≥1 time/week. For high skin carotenoid levels, the ORs were higher among those aged ≥70 years, living in Yamanashi, and those who consumed fruit ≥1 time/day or ≥5 vegetable dishes/day. Demographic factors, body size, and habitual fruit and vegetable intake may serve as indicators of skin carotenoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okada
- The Health Care Science Institute, 3-2-12 Akasaka, Minato-ku 107-0052, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Showa Women’s University, 1-7-57 Taishido, Setagaya-ku 154-8533, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
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Hasnin S, Dev DA, Pitts SJ. Evidence for Criterion-Related Validity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy for Approximating Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Preschool Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:261-270. [PMID: 38008362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoids are a valid biomarker for approximating fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). Veggie Meter® (VM®, Longevity Link Corp.) is a pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS)-based device that allows for noninvasive and rapid assessment of skin-carotenoid score (SCS) in adults and children. Although VM® is established as a valid tool to measure FVC in adults, there is limited research supporting the validity evidence of the VM® to approximate FVC among preschool children. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to assess evidence supporting the criterion-related validity of RS-based SCS for approximating FVC among preschool children (3-5-y old). METHODS We collected cross-sectional data from typically developing preschool children (n = 136) attending the Child and Adult Care Food Program-participating family child care home settings (FCCHs) (n = 46) in Nebraska. Research team members collected children's height and weight to calculate body mass index; and measured children's SCS using the VM®. Children's FVC in FCCHs were collected using dietary observation. In addition, parents (n = 89) completed a shortened food frequency questionnaire to report children's FVC at home. Kendall's Tau (τ) correlation tests were conducted to measure the association between children's SCS with FVC in FCCHs and with parent-reported total fruit and vegetable (FV) frequency scores. RESULTS Children's SCS were significantly correlated with their mean FVC in FCCHs, τ = 0.14 (P = 0.02), total provitamin A carotenoids intake in FCCHs, τ = 0.19 (P < 0.001), and with parent-reported total FV frequency score, τ = 0.16 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The correlation coefficients in this study are comparable with results from a meta-analysis examining associations between FVC and SCS in 7-10-y-old children (r = 0.20). Thus, evidence suggests that RS offers a potentially valid, objective, and feasible method to assess preschool children's total FVC in multiple settings, especially in conjunction with other dietary assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Hasnin
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Dipti A Dev
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
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Ahn S, Ahn S, Jang H, Eom K, Kim YJ, Hwang JE, Chung JI, Park JY, Nam S, Choi YH, Joung H. Validation of resonance Raman spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid status as a biomarker for fruit and vegetable intake in Korean adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1993-2001. [PMID: 37184085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood carotenoid concentration measurement is considered the gold standard for fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake estimation; however, this method is invasive and expensive. Recently, skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by optical sensors has been evaluated as a promising parameter for F&V intake estimation. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to validate the utility of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-assessed SCS as a biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults. We used data from 108 participants aged 20-69 years who completed SCS measurements, blood collection and 3-d dietary recordings. Serum carotenoid concentrations were quantified using HPLC, and dietary carotenoid and F&V intakes were estimated via 3-d dietary records using a carotenoid database for common Korean foods. The correlations of the SCS with serum carotenoid concentrations, dietary carotenoid intake and F&V intake were examined to assess SCS validity. SCS was positively correlated with total serum carotenoid concentration (r = 0·52, 95 % CI = 0·36, 0·64, P < 0·001), serum β-carotene concentration (r = 0·60, 95 % CI = 0·47, 0·71, P < 0·001), total carotenoid intake (r = 0·20, 95 % CI = 0·01, 0·37, P = 0·04), β-carotene intake (r = 0·30, 95 % CI = 0·11, 0·46, P = 0·002) and F&V intake (r = 0·40, 95 % CI = 0·23, 0·55, P < 0·001). These results suggest that SCS can be a valid biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoeun Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmo Ahn
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jang
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Chung
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Wu Q, Moran NE, Laska MN, Harnack L. Examining Potential Modifiers of Human Skin and Plasma Carotenoid Responses in a Randomized Trial of a Carotenoid-Containing Juice Intervention. J Nutr 2023; 153:3287-3294. [PMID: 37742797 PMCID: PMC10687613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoid measurements are emerging as a valid and reliable indicator of fruit and vegetable intake and carotenoid intake. However, little is known about the extent to which skin carotenoid responsivity to dietary changes differs based on demographic and physiologic characteristics. OBJECTIVES This study examined potential effect modifiers of skin carotenoid and plasma carotenoid responses to a carotenoid-rich juice intervention. METHODS We leveraged data from 2 arms of a 3-site randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice intervention (moderate dose = 6 ounces juice, 4 mg total carotenoids/d, high dose = 12 ounces juice, 8 mg total carotenoids/d) (n = 106) to examine effect modification by age, self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, skin hemoglobin, skin hemoglobin saturation, skin coloration, sun exposure, and baseline intake of carotenoids from foods. Skin carotenoid concentrations were assessed using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), and plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, among the high-dose group (8 mg/d), those of older age had lower skin carotenoid responsiveness than their younger counterparts, and those with greater hemoglobin saturation and lighter skin had higher skin carotenoid score responsiveness. In the moderate-dose group (4 mg/d), participants from one site had greater plasma carotenoid responsiveness than those from other sites. In multivariate analyses, participants with higher baseline skin carotenoids had smaller skin carotenoid responses to both moderate and high doses. CONCLUSIONS Changes in skin carotenoid scores in response to interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake should be interpreted in the context of baseline skin carotenoid scores, but other variables (e.g., self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, and sun exposure) do not significantly modify the effect of carotenoid intake on changes in skin carotenoid scores. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04056624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Healthy Weight Research Center, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Nutrition Coordinating Center, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Hernandez Sanchez MG, Bellini S, Christensen WF, Jefferies LK, LeCheminant JD, Patten EV, Redelfs AH, Stokes N, Wang J, Rennick M, Anderson K, Hunt J, Ahlborn GJ. The Effects of Potato Presentation on Vegetable Intake in School-Aged Children: A Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4496. [PMID: 37960149 PMCID: PMC10650674 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetables are an essential component of a healthy dietary pattern in children; however, their consumption is often insufficient due to lack of preference. To address this, the influence of combining vegetables (mixed peas and carrots-MPACs) with potatoes, a generally liked food, on overall vegetable consumption among children aged 7-13 years was explored. The research involved a cross-over study design with 65 participants who completed five lunchtime meal conditions, each with different combinations of MPACs and potatoes versus a control (MPACs with a wheat roll). The meals were provided in a cafeteria setting, and plate waste was used to measure vegetable consumption. Anthropometric data and other variables were also measured. Notably, self-reported hunger did not significantly differ between conditions. Meal condition was a significant predictor of MPACs (F = 5.20; p = 0.0005), with MPAC consumption highest when combined with shaped potato faces in the same bowl (+8.77 g compared to serving MPACs and shaped potato faces in separate bowls) and lowest when combined with diced potatoes in the same bowl (-2.85 g compared to serving MPACs and diced potatoes in separate bowls). The overall model for MPAC consumption was influenced by age, height z-score, body fat percentage z-score, and condition (likelihood ratio = 49.1; p < 0.0001). Age had the strongest correlation with vegetable consumption (r = 0.38), followed by male gender, height z-score (r = 0.30), and body fat z-score (r = -0.15). The results highlight the positive impact of combining potatoes with vegetables in school meals, particularly when using shaped potato faces. These findings emphasize the potential of potatoes as a valuable vegetable option in promoting healthier eating habits among children. Additionally, future research could explore the impact of different potato combinations and investigate other factors influencing meal consumption in school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra G. Hernandez Sanchez
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Sarah Bellini
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | | | - Laura K. Jefferies
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - James D. LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Emily V. Patten
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Alisha H. Redelfs
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Nathan Stokes
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Jacklyn Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Micaela Rennick
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Kelsey Anderson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Joli Hunt
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Gene J. Ahlborn
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
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Hill CM, Paschall MJ, Koller KR, Day GM, Lee FR, O’Brien DM, King DK, Palmer L, Thomas TK, Bersamin A. Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Factors Among Preschool-Aged Head Start Children in Remote Alaska Native Communities: Baseline Data from the " Got Neqpiaq?" Study. Child Obes 2023; 19:498-506. [PMID: 36473164 PMCID: PMC10541932 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: American Indian and Alaska Native preschool-aged children experience a high prevalence of obesity, yet are under-represented in obesity prevention research. This study examined obesity prevalence and dietary risk factors among Alaska Native preschool-aged children in southwest Alaska. Methods: The study used baseline data from "Got Neqpiaq?" a culturally centered multilevel intervention focused on Yup'ik Alaska Native children, aged 3-5 years, enrolled in Head Start in 12 communities in southwest Alaska (n = 155). The primary outcomes were BMI percentile, overweight, and obesity. Dietary factors of interest were measured using biomarkers: traditional food intake (nitrogen stable isotope ratio biomarker), ultraprocessed food intake (carbon stable isotope ratio biomarker), and vegetable and fruit intake (skin carotenoid status biomarker measured by the Veggie Meter). Cardiometabolic markers (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood cholesterol) were also measured. Results: Among the Yup'ik preschool-aged children in the study, the median BMI percentile was 91, and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 70%. The traditional food intake biomarker was negatively associated with BMI, whereas the ultraprocessed foods and vegetable and fruit biomarkers were not associated with BMI. HbA1c and blood cholesterol were within healthy levels. Conclusions: The burden of overweight and obesity is high among Yup'ik preschool-aged children. Traditional food intake is inversely associated with BMI, which underscores the need for culturally grounded interventions that emphasize traditional values and knowledge to support the traditional food systems in Alaska Native communities in southwest Alaska. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03601299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Hill
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mallie J. Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Koller
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gretchen M. Day
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Flora R. Lee
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Diane M. O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Diane K. King
- Center for Behavioral Health Research and Services, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Lea Palmer
- Head Start Program, Rural Alaska Community Action Program, Inc., Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Timothy K. Thomas
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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Hwang JE, Park JY, Jung MH, Eom K, Moon HS, Joung H, Kim YJ. Evaluation of a Commercial Device Based on Reflection Spectroscopy as an Alternative to Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Measuring Skin Carotenoid Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7654. [PMID: 37688110 PMCID: PMC10490775 DOI: 10.3390/s23177654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) has been used as a reference method for measuring skin carotenoid levels (SCL), which indicate vegetable and fruit intake. However, RRS is not an easy-to-use method in SCL measurement due to its complicated implementation. In this study, a commercial spectrophotometer based on reflection spectroscopy (RS), which is relatively simple and inexpensive, was evaluated to confirm usability compared with RRS in measuring SCL. To investigate the agreement between RS and RRS, eighty participants were randomly assigned to a high-carotenoid diet group (21 mg/day of total carotenoids) or a control-carotenoid diet group (14 mg/day of total carotenoids) during a 6-week whole-diet intervention period and a 4-week tracking period. Strong correlations between the RS and RRS methods were observed at baseline (r = 0.944) and the entire period (r = 0.930). The rate of SCL increase was similar during the diet intervention; however, the initiation of the SCL decrease in RS was slower than in RRS during the tracking period. To confirm the agreement of RS and RRS from various perspectives, new visualization tools and indices were additionally applied and confirmed the similar response patterns of the two methods. The results indicate that the proposed RS method could be an alternative to RRS in SCL measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Myoung Hoon Jung
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Hyun Seok Moon
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea;
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10
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Addo EK, Allman SJ, Arunkumar R, Gorka JE, Harrison DY, Varner MW, Bernstein PS. Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1. J Nutr 2023; 153:2205-2215. [PMID: 37247819 PMCID: PMC10447612 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adding carotenoids, particularly lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), to prenatal micronutrient formulations has been promoted to enhance infant visual and neural development and to maintain maternal health. Although these claims are biologically plausible, they are not yet supported by a compelling prospective trial. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of prenatal carotenoid supplementation on biomarkers of maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status. METHODS We randomly assigned 47 first trimester pregnant subjects by 1:1 allocation to receive standard-of-care prenatal vitamins plus a 10 mg L and 2 mg Z softgel (the Carotenoid group) or standard-of-care prenatal vitamins with a placebo softgel (the Control group) for 6-8 mo. Maternal carotenoid concentrations in the serum and skin at the end of each trimester and postpartum were measured with HPLC and resonance Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Infants' systemic carotenoid status was assessed using similar techniques but optimized for infants. Repeated measures and paired t-tests were determined, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS After supplementation, there was a statistically significant increase in maternal serum L + Z concentrations, serum total carotenoid concentrations, and skin carotenoid status (P < 0.001 for all) in the Carotenoid group relative to the Control group at all study time points. Similarly, infants whose mothers were in the Carotenoid group had a significant 5-fold increase in cord blood L + Z concentrations, over a 3-fold increase in cord blood total carotenoids, and a 38% increase in skin carotenoids compared with the Control group (P < 0.0001 for all). In addition, there was a strong positive, statistically significant correlation between postpartum maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Prenatal carotenoid supplementation significantly increased maternal and infant systemic (skin and serum) carotenoid status, which may benefit pregnant women and their infants' health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03750968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan J Allman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joanna E Gorka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah Y Harrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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11
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Garner JA, Hanson KL, Jilcott Pitts SB, Kolodinsky J, Sitaker MH, Ammerman AS, Kenkel D, Seguin-Fowler RA. Cost analysis and cost effectiveness of a subsidized community supported agriculture intervention for low-income families. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:84. [PMID: 37430305 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The food system has a dynamic influence on disparities in food security and diet-related chronic disease. Community supported agriculture (CSA) programs, in which households receive weekly shares of produce from a local farmer during the growing season, have been examined as a possible food systems-based approach for improving diet and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the cost of implementing and participating in a multi-component subsidized community supported agriculture intervention and calculate cost-effectiveness based on diet and food security impacts. METHODS Using data from the Farm Fresh Foods for Healthy Kids (F3HK) randomized controlled trial in New York, North Carolina, Vermont, and Washington (n = 305; 2016-2018), we estimated programmatic and participant costs and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for caregivers' daily fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, skin carotenoids, and household food security from program and societal perspectives. RESULTS F3HK cost $2,439 per household annually ($1,884 in implementation-related expenses and $555 in participant-incurred costs). ICERs ranged from $1,507 to $2,439 per cup increase in caregiver's FV intake (depending on perspective, setting, and inclusion of juice); from $502 to $739 per one thousand unit increase in skin carotenoid score; and from $2,271 to $3,137 per household shifted out of food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Given the known public health, healthcare, and economic consequences of insufficient FV intake and living in a food insecure household, the costs incurred to support these positive shifts in individual- and household-level outcomes via a F3HK-like intervention may be deemed by stakeholders as a reasonable investment. This work helps to advance a critical body of literature on the cost-effectiveness of subsidized CSAs and other economic and food system interventions for the sake of evidence-based allocation of public health resources. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02770196. Registered 5 April 2016. Retrospectively registered. https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT02770196 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Garner
- School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karla L Hanson
- Master of Public Health Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jane Kolodinsky
- Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marilyn H Sitaker
- Ecological Agriculture and Food Systems, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donald Kenkel
- Cornell Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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12
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Walker DM, Garner JA, Hefner JL, Headings A, Jonas DE, Clark A, Bose-Brill S, Nawaz S, Seiber E, McAlearney AS, Brock G, Zhao S, Reopell L, Coovert N, Shrodes JC, Spees CK, Sieck CJ, Di Tosto G, DePuccio MJ, Williams A, Hoseus J, Baker C, Brown MM, Joseph JJ. Rationale and design of the linking education, produce provision, and community referrals to improve diabetes care (LINK) study. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 130:107212. [PMID: 37121390 PMCID: PMC10330286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) experiencing food insecurity may have other non-medical, health-related social needs (e.g., transportation, housing instability) that decrease their ability to attain T2D control and impact other health outcomes. METHODS A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (pRCT) to test the effect of produce provision, diabetes and culinary skills training and education, and social needs screening, navigation, and resolution, on hemoglobin A1c (A1c) levels in individuals with T2D (A1c ≥7.5%) experiencing food insecurity; a cost-effectiveness evaluation of the interventions that comprise the pRCT; and a process evaluation to understand the contextual factors that impact the uptake, effectiveness, and sustainability of the interventions. SETTING Ambulatory care clinics (e.g., family medicine, general internal medicine, endocrinology) affiliated with an academic medical center in an urban environment in the Midwest. DESIGN 2 × 2 factorial design. INTERVENTIONS Cooking Matters for Diabetes is a 6-week diabetes and culinary education intervention. The Health Impact Ohio Central Ohio Pathways Hub intervention is a community health worker model designed to evaluate and address participants' social needs. All participants will receive referral to the Mid-Ohio Farmacy to provide weekly access to fresh produce. OUTCOMES Primary outcome of the pRCT is change in A1c at 3 months; secondary outcomes include A1c at 6 months, and diabetes self-efficacy, food insecurity, and diet quality at 3 and 6 months. DISCUSSION Food insecurity, unmet social needs, diabetes education and self-efficacy are critical issues that must be addressed to improve T2D treatment, care, and health equity. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT05472441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Walker
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer A Garner
- The School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America; The John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L Hefner
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Amy Headings
- The Mid-Ohio Food Collective, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Daniel E Jonas
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Aaron Clark
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Seuli Bose-Brill
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Saira Nawaz
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Eric Seiber
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ann Scheck McAlearney
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Guy Brock
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Luiza Reopell
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicolette Coovert
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer C Shrodes
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Colleen K Spees
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America; The School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Cynthia J Sieck
- Dayton Children's Hospital Center for Health Equity, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Gennaro Di Tosto
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Matthew J DePuccio
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Amaris Williams
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Jenelle Hoseus
- Health Impact Ohio, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Carrie Baker
- Health Impact Ohio, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Joshua J Joseph
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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13
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Hasan F, Nguyen AV, Reynolds AR, You W, Zoellner J, Nguyen AJ, Swift D, Kranz S. Preschool- and childcare center-based interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake in preschool children in the United States: a systematic review of effectiveness and behavior change techniques. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:66. [PMID: 37268953 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in children in the United States (US) is very low. Adequate FV consumption is required for proper development during childhood, and dietary habits are established during preschool-age and tend to persist into adulthood. As most U.S. preschool-aged children attend childcare or preschool, this may be an opportune time and setting to conduct interventions to improve FV intake. These interventions should be based in theory and use behavior change techniques (BCTs) to explain mechanisms for expected change. To date, no published reviews have examined the effectiveness of childcare- or preschool-based FV interventions in preschoolers and their use of theoretical frameworks and BCTs. METHODS This systematic review was completed adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2012 and 2022 of interventions to improve diet or FV intake in preschoolers (aged 2-5 years) in childcare or preschool-settings. A search of four databases was conducted between in September 2022 using search terms pertaining to the study's primary aim (FV consumption), age group (preschool-aged), settings (US childcare or preschool settings), and study design (RCT). Additional criteria were objective measures of FV consumption or skin carotenoids, as a proxy for FV intake. Included studies were narratively synthesized based on intervention type, measured effect, and use of theory and BCTs. RESULTS The search resulted in six studies that reported on nine interventions. Overall, six interventions increased FV intake, of which five used nutrition education and one manipulated the feeding environment. Among the three interventions with no measured effect, two manipulated the feeding environment and one used peer modeling. Effective studies used at least three BCTs, though no pattern was observed between use of theory or BCTs and intervention effect. CONCLUSIONS While several studies have shown promising results, the limited number of studies identified in this review highlights key gaps in this field: there is a need for studies to test FV interventions in US childcare settings that use objective measures of FV intake, directly compare intervention components and BCTs, are theory-based, and assess long-term behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Hasan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Andy V Nguyen
- Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Amaya R Reynolds
- Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Wen You
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Jamie Zoellner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Amanda J Nguyen
- Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Damon Swift
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Sibylle Kranz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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14
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Jilcott Pitts S, Moran NE, Laska MN, Wu Q, Harnack L, Moe S, Carr-Manthe P, Gates E, Chang J, Zaidi Y, Gelineau A, Berg L, Craft NE. Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample. J Nutr 2023; 153:1133-1142. [PMID: 36804322 PMCID: PMC10356992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflection spectroscopy, utilized by the Veggie Meter, is a less-expensive, noninvasive method to quantify skin carotenoids and is a valid approximation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, it is unknown to what degree Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score change is responsive to changes in carotenoid intake. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score response in a 6-wk randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice to determine whether the Veggie Meter can be used to detect nutritionally relevant changes in carotenoid intake; and to compare skin and plasma carotenoid responses with the 6-wk trial. METHODS In this 6-wk trial, participants (n = 162) who self-identified as one of 4 US racial/ethnic groups (25% Black, 25% Asian, 27% non-Hispanic White, 23% Hispanic) were randomized to a control group, receiving negligible carotenoids (177 mL apple juice/d), moderate-dose group, receiving 4 mg total carotenoids/d (177 mL orange-carrot juice/d), or high-dose group, receiving 8 mg total carotenoids/d (355 mL orange-carrot juice/d). Skin carotenoid score and plasma total carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin) were assessed at baseline, 3 wk, and 6 wk (n = 158 completed the trial). Repeated measures linear models were used to examine skin and plasma carotenoids over time and between groups. RESULTS At 6 wk, participants in the high-dose and moderate-dose groups had significantly higher mean skin carotenoid scores [414.0 (SD = 100.6) and 369.7 (SD = 100.3), respectively] compared with those in the control group [305.2 (100.5)]. In the high-dose group, there was a 42% change in skin carotenoids from baseline (mean = 290.4) to a 6-wk follow-up (increase of 123, 123/290 = 42.4%). There was a 61% change in the plasma carotenoids in the high-dose group. CONCLUSIONS The Veggie Meter is sensitive to increases in daily carotenoid intake in diverse racial/ethnic groups over 6 wk. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ID: NCT04056624. Study URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04056624.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wu
- East Carolina University Department of Public Health, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Stacey Moe
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Gates
- East Carolina University Department of Public Health, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Yusuf Zaidi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lauren Berg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Henning T, Wagner P, Gedat E, Kochlik B, Kusch P, Sowoidnich K, Vastag M, Gleim J, Braune M, Maiwald M, Sumpf B, Grune T, Weber D. Evaluation of Modern Approaches for the Assessment of Dietary Carotenoids as Markers for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071665. [PMID: 37049505 PMCID: PMC10097221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of dietary carotenoids via blood measurements has been widely used as a marker for fruit and vegetable consumption. In the present study, modern, non-invasive approaches to assess dietary carotenoids, such as skin measurements and an app-based short dietary record (ASDR), were compared with conventional methods such as plasma status and handwritten 3-day dietary records. In an 8-week observational study, 21 healthy participants aged 50–65 years recorded their daily consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables via a specially developed ASDR. Anthropometry, blood samplings and assessment of skin carotenoids via Raman and reflection spectroscopy were performed at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of the study. App-based intake data showed good correlations with plasma α-carotene (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001), β-carotene (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001), and total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001); weak correlations with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin (both r = 0.34, p < 0.05); and no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements via reflection and Raman spectroscopy correlated well with total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.81 and 0.72, respectively; both p < 0.0001), α-carotene (r = 0.75–0.62, p < 0.0001), and β-carotene (r = 0.79–0.71, p < 0.0001); moderately with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin (both r = 0.51, p < 0.0001); weakly with plasma β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.40–0.31, p < 0.05); and showed no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements could provide a more convenient and noninvasive approach of estimating a person’s fruit and vegetable consumption compared to traditional methods, especially in studies that do not intend blood sampling. ASDR records might function as a suitable, convenient tool for dietary assessment in nutritional intervention studies.
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16
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Laviolette C, Johnson CM, Butler JL, Biediger-Friedman L, Sharkey JR. Nutrition Effects of a Family-Centered Health Promotion Program for Mexican-Heritage Children in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071600. [PMID: 37049438 PMCID: PMC10097021 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic and social factors, like poverty and food insecurity, negatively influence fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and body mass index (BMI) among Latino/a children. Behavioral programs are needed to support children’s nutrition. This study examined program effects on FV intake and BMI outcomes for Mexican-heritage children (9–11 years). The program used a modified stepped-wedge design in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (2019 and 2020). Promotoras led experiential nutrition education sessions and collected height, weight, and instant skin carotenoid scores (biomarker for FV intake) at pre-test (baseline), post-test (6 weeks), and maintenance (3–4 months after post-test). Mean changes and group differences in skin carotenoid scores, BMI z-scores and percentiles were obtained from analyses of variance. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine overall program effects. Mexican-heritage children were enrolled (n = 57 and 52.6% female). An overall decrease in skin carotenoid scores was observed at post-test (−15.1; 95% CI: −24.95, −5.33). While scores varied widely (range: 17–498), an increase of 14.8 ± 23.8 points occurred in one intervention group. Compared to the control period, greater reductions in BMI outcomes occurred during the program. These findings provide evidence for the use of strengths-based approaches in behavioral nutrition programs.
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17
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Hasnin S, Dev DA, Swindle T, Sisson SB, Pitts SJ, Purkait T, Clifton SC, Dixon J, Stage VC. Systematic Review of Reflection Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Assessment in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061315. [PMID: 36986046 PMCID: PMC10055935 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing children's skin carotenoid score (SCS) using reflection spectroscopy (RS) is a non-invasive, widely used method to approximate fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). The aims for the current review were to (1) identify distributions of SCS across demographic groups, (2) identify potential non-dietary correlates for RS-based SCS, (3) summarize the validity and reliability of RS-based SCS assessment, and (4) conduct meta-analyses of studies examining the correlation between RS-based SCS with FVC. A literature search in eight databases in June 2021 resulted in 4880 citations and peer-reviewed publications written in English that investigated children's (2-10 years old) SCS using RS. We included 11 studies (intervention = 3, observational = 8). Potential covariates included weight status, ethnicity, seasonal variation, age, sex, and income. Studies reported criterion validity with children's FVC but not with plasma carotenoid. Additionally, no studies reported the reliability of RS-based SCS in children. Among the 726 children included in the meta-analysis, the correlation between RS-based SCS and FVC was r = 0.2 (p < 0.0001). RS-based SCS is a valid method to quantify skin carotenoids for children's FVC estimation with the potential for evaluating nutrition policies and interventions. However, future research should use standardized protocol for using RS and establish how RS-based SCS can translate to the amount of daily FVC in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Hasnin
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dipti A Dev
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Taren Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Susan B Sisson
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
| | - Stephanie Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health at the Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Tirna Purkait
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Shari C Clifton
- Robert M. Bird Health Sciences Library, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dixon
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Virginia C Stage
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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18
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Casperson SL, Scheett A, Palmer DG, Jahns L, Hess JM, Roemmich JN. Biochemical Validation of a Self-Administered Carotenoid Intake Screener to Assess Carotenoid Intake in Nonobese Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100024. [PMID: 37180085 PMCID: PMC10111597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between carotenoid intake and health. However, an accurate measurement of carotenoid intake is challenging. FFQ is the most commonly used dietary assessment method and is typically composed of 100-200 items. However, the greater participant burden that accompanies a more detailed FFQ provides only a marginal gain in accuracy. Therefore, a brief validated carotenoid intake screener is needed. Objectives To conduct secondary analysis evaluating the validity of a newly developed 44-item carotenoid intake screener from The Juice Study: Sensitivity of Skin Carotenoid Status to Detect Change in Intake (NCT03202043) against corresponding plasma carotenoid concentrations (primary) and skin carotenoids (secondary) in nonobese Midwestern American adults. Methods Healthy adults (n = 83; 25 men and 58 women) aged 18-65 y (mean age, 32 ± 12 y) with a BMI (in kg/m2) of 18.5-29.9 (mean BMI, 25 ± 3) were recruited between 25 April 2018 and 28 March 2019. Participants completed the carotenoid intake screener weekly during the 8-wk parent study. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were assessed at weeks 0, 4, and 8 using HPLC. Skin carotenoids were assessed weekly using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS). Correlation matrices from mixed models were used to determine the correlation between carotenoid intake and plasma and skin carotenoids over time. Results The total carotenoid intake, as determined by the carotenoid intake screener, correlated with both the plasma total carotenoid concentration (r = 0.52; P < 0.0001) and the RS-assessed skin carotenoid concentration (r = 0.43; P < 0.0001). Correlations between reported intake and plasma concentrations of α-carotene (r = 0.40; P = 0.0002), cryptoxanthin (r = 0.28; P = 0.0113), and lycopene (r = 0.33; P = 0.0022) were also observed. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate an acceptable relative validity of the carotenoid intake screener to assess total carotenoid intake in adults classified as those having a healthy body or those with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon L. Casperson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Angela Scheett
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Daniel G. Palmer
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Division of Nutrition, REE National Institute of Food and Agriculture Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, USDA, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Julie M. Hess
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - James N. Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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19
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Casperson SL, Roemmich JN, Larson KJ, Hess JM, Palmer DG, Jahns L. Sensitivity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy to Detect Changes in Skin Carotenoids in Adults Without Obesity in Response to Increased Carotenoid Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:588-597. [PMID: 36894250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity of commercially available devices to detect changes in skin carotenoids is not known. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the sensitivity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS) to detect changes in skin carotenoids in response to increasing carotenoid intake. METHODS Nonobese adults were randomly assigned to a control (water; n = 20; females = 15 (75%); mean age: 31 ± 3 (SE) y; mean BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2) or one of 3 carotenoid intake levels: 1) LOW - 13.1 mg; n = 22; females = 18(82%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 25 ± 1 kg/m2; 2) MED - 23.9 mg; n = 22; females = 17 (77%); age: 30 ± 2 y; BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2); or 3) HIGH - 31.0 mg; n = 19; females = 9 (47%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 24 ± 1 kg/m2. A commercial vegetable juice was provided daily to ensure that the additional carotenoid intake was achieved. Skin carotenoids (RS intensity [RSI]) were measured weekly. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were assessed at wk 0, 4, and 8. Mixed models were used to test the effect of treatment, time, and their interaction. Correlation matrices from mixed models were used to determine the correlation between plasma and skin carotenoids. RESULTS A correlation was observed between skin and plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65; P < 0.001). Skin carotenoids were greater than baseline starting at week 1 in the HIGH (290 ± 20 vs. 321 ± 24 RSI; P ≤ 0.01), week 2 in the MED (274 ± 18 vs. 290 ± 23 RSI; P ≤ 0.03), and week 3 in the LOW (261 ± 18 vs. 288 ± 15 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). Compared with control, differences in skin carotenoids were observed starting at week 2 in the HIGH ([268 ± 16 vs. 338 ± 26 RSI; P ≤ 0.01] except for week 3 [287 ± 20 vs. 335 ± 26 RSI; P = 0.08]) and week 6 in the MED (303 ± 26 vs. 363 ± 27 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). No differences were observed between the control and LOW. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that RS can detect changes in skin carotenoids in adults without obesity when daily carotenoid intake is increased by 13.1 mg for a minimum of 3 wk. However, a minimum difference in intake of 23.9 mg of carotenoids is needed to detect group differences. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03202043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon L Casperson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - James N Roemmich
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kate J Larson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Julie M Hess
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Daniel G Palmer
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Division of Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
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20
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Radtke MD, Chodur GM, Bissell MCS, Kemp LC, Medici V, Steinberg FM, Scherr RE. Validation of Diet ID™ in Predicting Nutrient Intake Compared to Dietary Recalls, Skin Carotenoid Scores, and Plasma Carotenoids in University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020409. [PMID: 36678280 PMCID: PMC9865232 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Collecting accurate dietary information in the research setting is challenging due to the inherent biases, duration, and resource-intensive nature of traditional data collection methods. Diet ID™ is a novel, rapid assessment method that uses an image-based algorithm to identify dietary patterns and estimate nutrient intake. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the criterion validity between Diet ID™ and additional measures of dietary intake. Methods: This prospective cohort study (n = 42) collected dietary information using Diet ID™, the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR), plasma carotenoid concentrations, and the Veggie Meter® to estimate carotenoid levels in the skin. Results: There were significant correlations between Diet ID™ and NDSR for diet quality, calories, carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and cholesterol. Vitamin A and carotenoid intake were significantly correlated, with the exception of α-carotene and lycopene. Significant correlations were observed for calcium, folate, iron, sodium, potassium, Vitamins B2, B3, B6, C, and E. Skin carotenoid scores and plasma carotenoids were correlated with carotenoid intake from Diet ID™. Conclusions: Diet ID™ may be a useful tool in nutrition research as a less time-intensive and minimally burdensome dietary data collection method for both participants and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D. Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gwen M. Chodur
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael C. S. Bissell
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leslie C. Kemp
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Rachel E. Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Udensi J, Loughman J, Loskutova E, Byrne HJ. Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249017. [PMID: 36558154 PMCID: PMC9784873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus is drawn to applications in nutritional analysis, optometry and serology, based on in vitro and ex vivo measurements in skin, retina and blood, and progress towards establishing the technique in a clinical environment, as well as challenges and future perspectives, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Udensi
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - James Loughman
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Nelson AM, Casperson SL, Jahns L, Palmer DG, Roemmich JN. Seasonal Changes in Midlife Women'S Percentage Body Fat: A 1-Year Cohort Study. JAR LIFE 2022; 11:20-25. [PMID: 36923232 PMCID: PMC10002894 DOI: 10.14283/jarlife.2022.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this longitudinal, observational study was to examine whether age and seasonal changes in sedentary activity (sedAct), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and energy intake (EI) predict changes in body composition among midlife women. We hypothesized that reductions in MVPA and increases in sedAct and EI in winter, along with greater baseline age would predict increases in percentage body fat (%BF) across seasons. DESIGN This study used a longitudinal, within-subjects design. Setting: This study took place in Grand Forks, North Dakota. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 52 midlife women (aged 40-60 years) who were observed over the course of one year. MEASUREMENTS Percentage body fat measures were obtained via whole body Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants were scanned once per season. We measured EI using the ASA24®. We used a GTX3 accelerometer to measure physical activity. Each season, participants wore the monitors for 7 days, 12 hours per day. All measures began in summer. RESULTS Results of hierarchical multiple regression (MR) analyses showed that age increases (β = 0.310, p = 0.021) and summer-to-fall increases in EI (β = 0.427, p = 0.002) predicted seasonal increases in %BF (R2 = .36, F(5, 42)= 4.66, p = 0.02). Changes in MVPA and sedAct were not significant predictors. Repeated measures ANCOVA revealed that summer (M = 37.7263, 95% CI [35.8377, 39.6149]) to winter (M = 38.1463, 95% CI [36.1983, 40.0942]) increases in %BF are not reversed by spring (M = 37.8761, 95% CI [35.9365, 39.8157]). CONCLUSIONS To minimize increases in %BF and maintain health, midlife women, particularly older women, should be encouraged to pay extra attention to their diet in the fall months.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Nelson
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
| | - S L Casperson
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
| | - L Jahns
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
- USDA, National Institute of Food and Agriculture
| | - D G Palmer
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
| | - J N Roemmich
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
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23
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Associations between farmers' market shopping behaviours and objectively measured and self-reported fruit and vegetable intake in a diverse sample of farmers' market shoppers: a cross-sectional study in New York City and rural North Carolina. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:600-606. [PMID: 34789356 PMCID: PMC9991615 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional associations between farmers' market shopping behaviours and objectively measured and self-reported fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among rural North Carolina (NC) and New York City (NYC) shoppers. DESIGN Cross-sectional intercept surveys were used to assess self-reported FV intake and three measures of farmers' market shopping behaviour: (1) frequency of purchasing FV; (2) variety of FV purchased and (3) dollars spent on FV. Skin carotenoids, a non-invasive biomarker for FV intake, were objectively measured using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Associations between farmers' market shopping behaviours and FV intake were examined using regression models that controlled for demographic variables (e.g. age, sex, race, smoking status, education, income and state). SETTING Farmers' markets (n 17 markets) in rural NC and NYC. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 645 farmers' market shoppers. RESULTS Farmers' market shoppers in NYC purchased a greater variety of FV and had higher skin carotenoid scores compared with shoppers in rural NC. Among all shoppers, there was a positive, statistically significant association between self-reported frequency of shopping at farmers' markets and self-reported as well as objectively assessed FV intake. The variety of FV purchased and farmers' market spending on FV also were positively associated with self-reported FV intake, but not skin carotenoids. CONCLUSION Those who shop for FV more frequently at a farmers' markets, purchase a greater variety of FV and spend more money on FV have higher self-reported, and in some cases higher objectively measured FV intake. Further research is needed to understand these associations and test causality.
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24
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Hanson KL, Meng X, Volpe LC, Jilcott Pitts S, Bravo Y, Tiffany J, Seguin-Fowler RA. Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program Educational Events Are Broadly Accepted and May Increase Knowledge, Self-Efficacy and Behavioral Intentions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030436. [PMID: 35276793 PMCID: PMC8840006 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) in the U.S. provides coupons for the purchase of fruit and vegetables (FV) to pregnant women and children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), and to income-eligible adults 60+ years of age. The New York State FMNP Education Event Guide was developed to support cooperative extension educators in providing information, food tastings, and cooking demonstrations at farmers’ markets (FM) to encourage consumption of FV. This paper describes implementation at seven FM in New York City, and shopping and eating behaviors in a cross-sectional survey of FM shoppers (n = 377). Three of nine lessons were implemented more than once, typically with food sampling (78.9%). FM shoppers were primarily women (81.5%), racially diverse (30.5% Black, 23.1% White), frequent shoppers (2.4 times/month), and had high FV consumption (2.24 cups fruit; 2.44 cups vegetables daily). Most FM shoppers participated in the FM education event (84%), and participants and non-participants had equivalent shopping and eating behaviors. More than 70% of FM education participants believed that the event positively impacted their knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. FMNP education events at FM were broadly accepted by FM shoppers of all characteristics, and may improve knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L. Hanson
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (X.M.); (L.C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-8075
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (X.M.); (L.C.V.)
| | - Leah C. Volpe
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (X.M.); (L.C.V.)
| | | | - Yvonne Bravo
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension—New York City Programs, New York, NY 10022, USA; (Y.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Jennifer Tiffany
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension—New York City Programs, New York, NY 10022, USA; (Y.B.); (J.T.)
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25
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Moran NE, Wu Q, Harnack L, Craft NE, Hanchard N, Bell R, Moe SG, Johnson N, Obasohan J, Carr-Manthe PL, Laska MN. Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity as a Biomarker of Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study of 4 Racial or Ethnic Groups. J Nutr 2022; 152:107-116. [PMID: 34562088 PMCID: PMC8754514 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research. OBJECTIVES To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively. METHODS Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration by HPLC-photodiode array detection. Self-reported carotenoid and FV intake was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ. Relations between skin carotenoids, plasma carotenoids, FV, and carotenoid intake, with differences by race or ethnicity, age, sex, weight status, cholesterol, and melanin index, were examined by bivariate correlations and adjusted multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS The overall unadjusted correlation between skin and total plasma carotenoids was r = 0.71 and ranged from 0.64 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.80 (Hispanic). Correlations between skin carotenoids and self-reported FV intake ranged from 0.24 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.53 (non-Hispanic white), with an overall correlation of r = 0.35. In models adjusted for age, sex, racial or ethnic group, and BMI, skin carotenoids were associated with plasma carotenoids (R2 = 0.55), FV (R2 = 0.17), and carotenoid intake (R2 = 0.20). For both plasma carotenoid and FV measures, associations with skin carotenoids did not vary by race, but these relations did differ by skin melanin-those with lower melanin had a lower correlation between skin and plasma carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Reflection spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids may be a reasonable alternative to measurement of plasma carotenoids, a biomarker used to approximate FV intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC,
USA
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Neil Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronny Bell
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stacey G Moe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nevin Johnson
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Justice Obasohan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela L Carr-Manthe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Keller JE, Taylor MK, Smith AN, Littrell J, Spaeth K, Boeckman CR, Burns JM, Sullivan DK. Correlation of Skin Carotenoid Content with 3-Day Dietary Intake in Community Dwelling Older Adults. J Food Compost Anal 2022; 105:104243. [PMID: 34795468 PMCID: PMC8594869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS) measures skin carotenoid content (SCC). Continued validation of this method is pertinent to validate its use as an objective measure of fruit and vegetable intake. This study aimed to assess relationships between SCC scores and self-reported dietary carotenoid intake from 3-day food records in community dwelling older adults. This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data among cognitively normal older adults (n=95) participating in the Nutrition Interventions for Cognitive Enhancement (NICE) study. Food-derived vitamin A (R=0.24, p<0.05) and food plus supplemental vitamin A (R=0.29, p<0.01) were correlated with SCC. All food-derived carotenoids (R: 0.20-0.39, p<0.05) except beta-cryptoxanthin and lycopene were correlated with SCC. Lutein + zeaxanthin from food more strongly correlated with SCC (R=0.38, p<0.001) than combined food plus supplemental intake (R=0.31, p=0.002). Correlations for total fruit and SCC (R=0.23, p=0.02), total vegetable and SCC (R= 0.31, p=0.002), and combined total fruit and vegetable and SCC (R=0.35, p<0.001) were significant; no sub-categories of fruit or vegetables except dark green vegetables (Rho=0.4, p<0.001) had significant correlations with SCC. The current study demonstrates RS-derived SCC scores correlate with 3-day self-reported intakes of F/V and certain carotenoids in community dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Keller
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205 USA
| | - Matthew K Taylor
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205 USA
| | - Aaron N Smith
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Juleah Littrell
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Kendra Spaeth
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Caitlin R Boeckman
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205 USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205 USA
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27
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Cialla-May D, Krafft C, Rösch P, Deckert-Gaudig T, Frosch T, Jahn IJ, Pahlow S, Stiebing C, Meyer-Zedler T, Bocklitz T, Schie I, Deckert V, Popp J. Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging in Bioanalytics. Anal Chem 2021; 94:86-119. [PMID: 34920669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Izabella J Jahn
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Pahlow
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Iwan Schie
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Goji Berry Intake Increases Macular Pigment Optical Density in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124409. [PMID: 34959963 PMCID: PMC8708314 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD), a biomarker for AMD, is a non-invasive measure to assess risk. The macula xanthophyll pigments lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) protect against blue light and provide oxidant defense, which can be indexed by MPOD. This study examined the effects of Z-rich goji berry intake on MPOD and skin carotenoids in healthy individuals. A randomized, unmasked, parallel-arm study was conducted with 27 participants, aged 45–65, who consumed either 28 g of goji berries or a supplement containing 6 mg L and 4 mg Z (LZ), five times weekly for 90 days. After 90 days, MPOD was significantly increased in the goji berry group at 0.25 and 1.75 retinal eccentricities (p = 0.029 and p = 0.044, respectively), while no changes were noted in the LZ group. Skin carotenoids were significantly increased in the goji berry group at day 45 (p = 0.025) and day 90 (p = 0.006), but not in the LZ group. Regular intake of goji berries in a healthy middle-aged population increases MPOD may help prevent or delay the development of AMD.
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Skin carotenoid status and plasma carotenoids: biomarkers of dietary carotenoids, fruits and vegetables for middle-aged and older Singaporean adults. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1398-1407. [PMID: 33441194 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) may serve as an emerging alternative measurement for dietary carotenoid, fruit and vegetable (FV) intake although its application had not been assessed in a middle-aged and older population in Asia. This cross-sectional study aims to concurrently examine the use of SCS and plasma carotenoids to measure FV and carotenoid intake in a middle-aged and older population, taking into consideration potential socio-demographic and nutritional confounders. The study recruited 103 middle-aged and older adults (mean age: 58 years) in Singapore. Dietary carotenoids and FV, plasma carotenoid concentration and SCS were measured using 3-d food records, HPLC and a biophotonic scanner which utilised RRS, respectively. Adjusted for statistically defined socio-demographic covariates sex, age, BMI, prescription medication and cigarette smoking, plasma carotenoids and SCS showed positive associations with dietary total carotenoids (βplasma: 0·020 (95 % CI 0·000, 0·040) µmol/l/mg, P = 0·05; βskin: 265 (95 % CI 23, 506) arbitrary units/mg, P = 0·03) and FV (βplasma: 0·076 (95 % CI 0·021, 0·132) µmol/l per FV serving, P = 0·008; βskin: 1036 (95 % CI 363, 1708) arbitrary units/FV serving, P = 0·003). The associations of SCS with dietary carotenoid and FV intake were null with the inclusion of dietary PUFA, fibre and vitamin C as nutritional covariates (P > 0·05). This suggests a potential influence of these nutritional factors on carotenoid circulation and deposition in the skin. In conclusion, SCS, similar to plasma carotenoids, may serve as a biomarker for both dietary carotenoid and FV intake in a middle-aged and older Singaporean population.
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Laugero KD, Paul DR, Jahns L. Energy intake and season interact to influence physiological stress load among midlife women. Stress 2021; 24:849-856. [PMID: 34006172 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1931106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostatic load (AL) is an index that measures physiologic stress associated with chronic disease risk. One factor that may influence overall physiologic stress load and AL is energy consumption, but whether this association differs across different seasons is unknown. We tested whether energy consumption interacted with the season to influence AL in 52 mid-life (40-60 years) women from the Life in All Seasons Study. Women completed an online 24-h recall every 10 days and had components of allostatic load measured seasonally. Women were from the greater Grand Forks, ND catchment area and were followed for one year between July 2012 and July 2014. We found a significant (p = 0.01) interaction between season and energy consumption on AL. Further inspection showed that, during the summer and winter seasons, the average allostatic load rose with relatively higher energy consumption. We also observed a linear and positive association between AL and energy intake in summer (β = 0.0013 ± 0.0004; p = 0.001; r2 = 0.14) and winter (β = 0.0011 ± 0.0004; p = 0.007; r2 = 0.10), but not in fall or spring. These results suggest that factors associated with distinct times of the year promote or prevent the effects of higher energy consumption on physiological stress load. Since allostatic load is linked to elevated disease risk, our results provide additional information that may help to explain seasonal differences in disease risk of some women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Laugero
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA/ARS/Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David R Paul
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA/ARS/Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Seguin-Fowler RA, Hanson KL, Jilcott Pitts SB, Kolodinsky J, Sitaker M, Ammerman AS, Marshall GA, Belarmino EH, Garner JA, Wang W. Community supported agriculture plus nutrition education improves skills, self-efficacy, and eating behaviors among low-income caregivers but not their children: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:112. [PMID: 34461931 PMCID: PMC8406558 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adults and children in the U.S. consume inadequate quantities of fruit and vegetables (FV), in part, due to poor access among households with lower socioeconomic status. One approach to improving access to FV is community supported agriculture (CSA) in which households purchase a ‘share’ of local farm produce throughout the growing season. This study examined the effects of cost-offset (half-price) CSA plus tailored nutrition education for low-income households with children. Methods The Farm Fresh Foods for Healthy Kids (F3HK) randomized controlled trial in New York, North Carolina, Vermont, and Washington (2016–2018) assigned caregiver-child dyads (n = 305) into cost-offset CSA plus education intervention or control (delayed intervention) groups. Following one growing season of CSA participation, changes in children’s diet quality, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity; caregivers’ nutrition knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and diet quality; and household food access and security were examined using multiple linear or logistic regression, with adjustment for baseline value within an intent-to-treat (ITT) framework in which missing data were multiply imputed. Results No significant net effects on children’s dietary intake, BMI, or physical activity were observed. Statistically significant net improvements were observed after one growing season for caregivers’ cooking attitudes, skills, and self-efficacy; FV intake and skin carotenoid levels; and household food security. Changes in attitudes and self-efficacy remained one-year after baseline, but improvements in caregiver diet and household food security did not. The number of weeks that participants picked up a CSA share (but not number of education sessions attended) was associated with improvements in caregiver FV intake and household food security. Conclusions Cost-offset CSA plus tailored nutrition education for low-income households improved important caregiver and household outcomes within just one season of participation; most notably, both self-reported and objectively measured caregiver FV intake and household food security improved. Households that picked up more shares also reported larger improvements. However, these changes were not maintained after the CSA season ended. These results suggest that cost-offset CSA is a viable approach to improving adult, but not child, FV intake and household food security for low-income families, but the seasonality of most CSAs may limit their potential to improve year-round dietary behavior and food security. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02770196. Registered 5 April 2016. Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01168-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Seguin-Fowler
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 600 John Kimbrough Boulevard, Suite 512, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Karla L Hanson
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Master of Public Health Program, Cornell University, S2064 Schurman Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Blvd, Lakeside Annex Modular 7, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Jane Kolodinsky
- Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, 202 Morrill Hall, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Marilyn Sitaker
- Ecological Agriculture and Food Systems, The Evergreen State College, 2700 Evergreen Parkway NW, Olympia, WA, 98505, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 Martin Luther King Boulevard, CB#7426, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Grace A Marshall
- Master of Public Health Program, Cornell University, S2074 Schurman Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Emily H Belarmino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 225 B Marsh Life Science, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jennifer A Garner
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, 210N Page Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Center for Rural Studies, University of Vermont, 206 Morrill Hall, 146 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Hill CM, Paschall MJ, O'Brien DM, Bersamin A. Characterizing Vegetable and Fruit Intake in a Remote Alaska Native Community Using Reflection Spectroscopy and 24-Hour Recalls. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:712-718. [PMID: 33715972 PMCID: PMC8783602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize vegetable and fruit (VF) intake in a Yup'ik community using self-reported intake and skin carotenoid status (SCS) and evaluate the relationship between SCS and fish intake. METHODS Self-reported VF intake was measured using the 24-hour recall, SCS was measured by reflection spectroscopy via the Veggie Meter (Longevity Link Corporation), and fish intake was estimated by the nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR) for 80 participants in a remote community in Southwestern Alaska. Bivariate correlations were used to assess the relationship between self-reported VF intake, SCS, and NIR. RESULTS Intake of all VF subgroups was low. The SCS was higher for males (262.7 vs 185.3; P = 0.002) and participants consuming more than 1 VF serving (232.5 vs 183.0; P = 0.02). It was not associated with the NIR. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Increasing VF intake is a way to improve diet in Yup'ik communities and the Veggie Meter is a simple and noninvasive tool to facilitate surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Hill
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Mallie J Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK.
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Radtke MD, Poe M, Stookey J, Jilcott Pitts S, Moran NE, Landry MJ, Rubin LP, Stage VC, Scherr RE. Recommendations for the Use of the Veggie Meter® for Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Measurements in the Research Setting. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab104. [PMID: 34476333 PMCID: PMC8405124 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of phytochemical compounds found in a variety of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and, therefore, are commonly used as a biomarker for F/V intake. The Veggie Meter® is a noninvasive research-grade instrument that detects and quantifies carotenoids in the skin. To determine current practices and examine variability among users, a survey was administered to researchers using the device (n = 19, response rate = 35.8%) and variation in anatomical site preparation, calibration, number of measurements, measurement site, and documentation was observed. A protocol was developed in partnership with Veggie Meter® users to outline the preparation, calibration, and data collection procedures for using this device for research purposes. Although many protocol conditions will benefit from additional validation, this standardized protocol supports the development of a universal data repository to establish usual observed ranges, with the ultimate goal of examining associations between skin carotenoid scores and diet-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mykaela Poe
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jodi Stookey
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lewis P Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Virginia C Stage
- Department of Nutrition Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Using the Veggie Meter in Elementary Schools to Objectively Measure Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Pilot Study. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4020033. [PMID: 34066275 PMCID: PMC8162554 DOI: 10.3390/mps4020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reported fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in children has limitations that could be overcome with objective measures that are easy to implement. The Veggie Meter (VM) is a non-invasive portable device that measures skin carotenoid levels, a concentration biomarker of usual FV intake. While VM has been used to measure FV consumption in adults, few studies have explored its use in elementary school settings. Designing research studies using the VM with elementary school-age children requires an understanding of how well this device can be used in a school setting and of the distribution of VM scores in this population. We used VM to measure skin carotenoids in a diverse sample of 143 elementary school children who also answered commonly asked questions about consumption frequency of FV the previous day. Multivariable regression was used to assess the independent association of demographic variables with VM scores. VM scores were also compared with student-reported FV intake. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between reported frequency of total vegetable consumption the previous day and observed VM scores (r = 0.174, p = 0.042). This study provides an example of the successful use of the VM in a school setting to collect an objective measure of FV intake and provides important description of data that can inform future studies.
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Economic evaluation of a farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children intervention promoting vegetable consumption. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3922-3928. [PMID: 33972002 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost and cost-effectiveness of a farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Programme for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) intervention to promote vegetable intake and the redemption of WIC vouchers for produce purchases at farmers' markets. DESIGN An economic analysis was undertaken using data from a pilot of the intervention. Vegetable intake was assessed with a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter® [VM]) and via self-report. Voucher redemption was reported by WIC. Total and per participant intervention costs and cost-effectiveness ratios (expressed as cost per intervention effect) were estimated in 2019 US dollars over a 6-month period from the perspective of the agency implementing the intervention. SETTING A large, urban WIC agency. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 297 WIC-enrolled adults. RESULTS Post-intervention, VM scores, self-reported vegetable intake and voucher redemption were higher in the intervention as compared with the control study group. Over the 6-month period, intervention costs were $31 092 ($194 unit cost per participant). Relative to the control group, the intervention cost $8·10 per increased VM score per participant, $3·85 per increased cup/d of vegetables consumed per participant and $3·29 per increased percentage point in voucher redemption per participant. CONCLUSIONS Intervention costs and cost-effectiveness ratios compared favourably with those reported for other interventions targeting vegetable intake in low-income groups, suggesting that the programme may be cost effective in promoting vegetable purchases and consumption. As there is no benchmark against which to compare cost-effectiveness ratios expressed as cost per unit of effectiveness, conclusions regarding whether this is the case must await further research.
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Nagao-Sato S, Baltaci A, Peralta Reyes AO, Zhang Y, Hurtado Choque GA, Reicks M. Skin Carotenoid Scores Assessed with Reflection Spectroscopy Are Associated with Self-Reported Fruit and Vegetable Intake Among Latino Early Adolescents. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1507-1514. [PMID: 33820748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latino early adolescents have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Interventions to address healthy eating among Latino youth frequently focus on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Reflection spectroscopy assessed skin carotenoid (SC) levels has been proposed as an easy, noninvasive method to evaluate FV intake, but validation studies involving ethnically diverse youth are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the association between reflection spectroscopy-measured SC scores and self-reported FV intake among low-income, urban, Latino early adolescents, controlling for potential confounding factors. DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from a community-based intervention program (Padres Preparados, Jóvenes Saludables) involving Latino fathers and adolescents to improve paternal parenting practices and youth energy balance-related behaviors. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were 195 low-income, Latino early adolescents (aged 10 to 14 years). Data were collected in the Minneapolis/St Paul metropolitan area from 2017 to 2020 during fall or winter months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES SC scores were measured using reflection spectroscopy, usual intakes of FV and carotenoid compounds were estimated based on the assessment using 24-hour dietary recalls. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations of SC scores and each dietary component and potential confounding factors after assessing variables for inclusion in the analyses. RESULTS The mean SC score was 225 ± 95. The mean FV and total carotenoid intakes were 3.3 ± 0.5 servings/day and 8,360 ± 786 μg/day, respectively. Higher SC scores were observed among youth who had higher FV (β = .37 and P < 0.01) or total carotenoid intakes (β = .31 and P < 0.01). SC scores measured during fall were higher than scores measured during winter. Study participants with higher home FV availability and accessibility had higher SC scores. CONCLUSIONS Findings supported using SC score as a potential easy-to-use indicator of FV intake among Latino youth with consideration of seasonal variation and home FV availability and accessibility.
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Johnson NS, Wu Q, Firnhaber GC, Preet Kaur A, Obasohan J. A meta-analysis of studies examining associations between resonance Raman spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma carotenoids among adults and children. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:230-241. [PMID: 33822186 PMCID: PMC8754254 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT No meta-analyses appeared to have been conducted to examine overall correlations between resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids. OBJECTIVE To review the available literature and quantify the association between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids via a meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES To identify relevant publications, we searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest, and Scopus databases in April 2020 for items combining 3 concepts: Raman spectroscopy, skin, and plasma or serum. DATA EXTRACTION Criteria for inclusion were publication in a peer-reviewed journal between 1990 and 2020, available in English language, and results reported as a baseline Pearson correlation coefficient. In teams of 2, the researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts of 2212 nonduplicate papers with initial screening yielding 62 papers for full-text review, of which 15 were deemed eligible for inclusion. DATA ANALYSIS A random-effects model in R (version 4.0.0) "meta" package was used to analyze the correlation between RRS-assessed skin and plasma/serum carotenoids. A subgroup analysis was conducted for studies involving adults and children, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 15 studies included 1155 individuals: 963 adults and 192 children. One study included children and adults. The random-effects model yielded an overall correlation of 0.68 (95%CI, 0.61-0.74; I2 = 74%; P < 0.01). The results were similar when grouped by adults and children. Among 963 adults, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.69 (95%CI, 0.61-0.75; I2 = 78%; P < 0.01). Among 192 children, the correlation in the random-effects model was 0.66 (95%CI, 0.52- 0.77; I2 = 55%; P = 0.06). Overall, there was a positive, statistically significant correlation between RRS-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma/serum carotenoids in a pooled meta-analysis of 15 studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO (record number 178835).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nevin S Johnson
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gina C Firnhaber
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Archana Preet Kaur
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Justice Obasohan
- S.B. Jilcott Pitts, N.S. Johnson, and A.P. Kaur are with the Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Q. Wu is with the Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. G. Cahoon Firnhaber is with the Nurse Anesthesia Program, East Carolina University College of Nursing, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. J. Obasohan is with the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Seguin-Fowler RA, Hanson KL, Marshall GA, Belarmino EH, Jilcott Pitts SB, Kolodinsky J, Sitaker M, Ammerman A. Fruit and Vegetable Intake Assessed by Repeat 24 h Recalls, but Not by A Dietary Screener, Is Associated with Skin Carotenoid Measurements in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:980. [PMID: 33803576 PMCID: PMC8003042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is important for nutrition surveillance and evaluation of dietary interventions. We compared two tools for reporting FV intake to objective measurement of skin carotenoids among children. FV cups/day was assessed by repeated 24 h dietary recalls (24H FV) and the National Cancer Institute's All-Day Fruit and Vegetable Screener (NCI FV). Skin carotenoids were measured by repeated resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) of the palm. FV cups were regressed on RRS scores in unadjusted, field-based, and research-setting models with covariates feasible in each scenario. Data were baseline values from children aged 2-12 years in low-income households enrolled in a healthy eating randomized trial in four U.S. states (n = 177). Twenty-four-hour FV cups were associated with skin carotenoids in all models (p < 0.001) but NCI FV cups were not. Predicted RRS scores for discrete 24H FV cups provide a guide to interpretation of RRS in children (2 cups FV intake ~36,000 RRS units), with the research-setting scenario generally providing the narrowest prediction range (+/-1924). When self-reported data are required, 24 h recalls are more accurate than NCI FV screener data; and, when limited time, resources, or literacy must be considered, RRS scores can be quickly obtained and easily interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Seguin-Fowler
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and the Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Karla L. Hanson
- Master of Public Health Program and the Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.L.H.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Grace A. Marshall
- Master of Public Health Program and the Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.L.H.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Emily H. Belarmino
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | | | - Jane Kolodinsky
- Community Development and Applied Economics Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | | | - Alice Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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Pilot Study of a Farm-to-Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Intervention Promoting Vegetable Consumption. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:2035-2045. [PMID: 33487590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetable intake is below recommended levels among adults served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether a novel, theory-driven, farm-to-WIC intervention to promote vegetable intake showed promise of being successful and is therefore appropriate for efficacy testing. DESIGN From June 2019 to January 2020, the intervention was piloted in three WIC agency sites (one randomized to the intervention study group and two to the control group) selected based on similarity in size and the demographics of participants served. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Recruited between June 3, 2019 and August 1, 2019, participants were 297 primarily Hispanic adults served by a large WIC agency located in a densely populated urban area in New Jersey (160 were enrolled at the intervention site and 137 at control sites). INTERVENTION The intervention combined behaviorally focused instruction and handouts with the introduction of a WIC-based farmers' market, field trips to an area farmers' market, telephone coaching and support before and after trips, and recipe demonstrations and tastings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were vegetable intake (measured objectively using dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of intake and via self-report) and the redemption of vouchers provided through the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) for fruit and vegetable purchases at farmers' markets (objectively assessed using data provided by WIC). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Between-group differences in vegetable intake were examined at mid- and post-intervention (3 and 6 months post-baseline, respectively) with linear mixed-effects models adjusted for baseline vegetable intake and covariates. Logistic regression analysis was used to relate FMNP voucher redemption to study group and covariates. RESULTS At mid-intervention, objectively measured vegetable intake was higher among participants in the control group as compared with the intervention group; self-reported intake did not differ by group. Post-intervention, objectively measured and self-reported vegetable intake were higher among participants in the intervention group as compared with the control group. Receipt of the intervention was associated with a greater likelihood of FMNP voucher redemption. Voucher redemption rates were 87% in the intervention group and 28% in the control group (odds ratio = 17.39, 95% confidence interval [8.64, 35.02]). CONCLUSIONS Meaningful associations found between the intervention, vegetable intake, and FMNP voucher redemption suggest that the program is appropriate for efficacy testing.
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McGuirt JT, Wu Q, Laska MN, Truesdale KP, Rafferty AP, Bell RA, Ammerman AS, Jilcott Pitts SB. Associations between shopping patterns, dietary behaviours and geographic information system-assessed store accessibility among small food store customers. Public Health Nutr 2020; 25:1-10. [PMID: 33317649 PMCID: PMC9991690 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020005017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between geographic information systems (GIS)-assessed accessibility to small food stores, shopping patterns and dietary behaviours among small food store customers. DESIGN Residential addresses and customer shopping patterns (frequency of shopping, and previous purchase of fruits and vegetables) were gathered through customer intercept surveys. Addresses were geocoded, and GIS-assessed distance and driving time from the participants' residence to the store were calculated. Dietary status and behaviours were assessed using an objective non-invasive measure of skin carotenoids, the National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable Screener, and items to assess sugary beverage intake. Associations between distance and driving time, demographics, shopping frequency, prior reported purchase of fruits and vegetables at the store and dietary behaviours were examined. SETTING Small food stores (n 22) across North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional convenience samples of English-speaking customers aged 18 years or older (n 692). RESULTS Participants living closer to the small store had lower income and formal education, were more likely to be Black, more likely to have previously bought fruits and vegetables at the store and more frequently shopped at the store. In adjusted models, skin carotenoids (n 644) were positively associated with distance to the store from home in miles (P = 0·01). CONCLUSIONS Customers who lived closer to the stores were more frequent shoppers and more likely to have previously purchased fruits and vegetables at the store yet had lower skin carotenoids. These results support continued efforts to examine how to increase the availability and promotion of healthful foods at small food retail stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 319 College Avenue, 318 Stone Building, Greensboro, NC27412, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kimberly P Truesdale
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ann P Rafferty
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Prospective Evaluation of Mango Fruit Intake on Facial Wrinkles and Erythema in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113381. [PMID: 33158079 PMCID: PMC7694217 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangos are rich in β-carotene and other carotenoids, along with several phenolic acids that may provide oxidant defense and photoprotection to the skin. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of Ataulfo mango intake on the development of facial wrinkles and erythema. A randomized two-group parallel-arm study was conducted to assess 16 weeks of either 85 g or 250 g of mango intake in healthy postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin type II or III. Facial photographs were captured at weeks 0, 8, and 16, and wrinkles at the lateral canthi and erythema at the cheeks were quantified. Skin carotenoid values were measured with reflection spectroscopy. Deep wrinkle severity decreased significantly in the 85 g group after 8 (p = 0.007) and 16 (p = 0.03) weeks compared to baseline measures. In contrast, those in the 250 g group showed an increase after 16 weeks in average wrinkle severity (p = 0.049), average wrinkle length (p = 0.007), fine wrinkle severity (p = 0.02), and emerging wrinkle severity (p = 0.02). Erythema in the cheeks increased with 85 g of mango intake (p = 0.04). The intake of 85 g of mangos reduced wrinkles in fair-skinned postmenopausal women, while an intake of 250 g showed the opposite effect. Further studies feeding 85 g of mangos are warranted.
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Matsumoto M, Suganuma H, Shimizu S, Hayashi H, Sawada K, Tokuda I, Ihara K, Nakaji S. Skin Carotenoid Level as an Alternative Marker of Serum Total Carotenoid Concentration and Vegetable Intake Correlates with Biomarkers of Circulatory Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1825. [PMID: 32575348 PMCID: PMC7353351 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To confirm the usefulness of noninvasive measurements of skin carotenoids to indicate vegetable intake and to elucidate relationships between skin carotenoid levels and biomarkers of circulatory diseases and metabolic syndrome, we conducted a cross-sectional study on a resident-based health checkup (n = 811; 58% women; 49.5 ± 15.1 years). Skin and serum carotenoid levels were measured via reflectance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Vegetable intake was estimated using a dietary questionnaire. Levels of 9 biomarkers (body mass index [BMI], brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV], systolic and diastolic blood pressure [SBP and DBP], homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], blood insulin, fasting blood glucose [FBG], triglycerides [TGs], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) were determined. Skin carotenoid levels were significantly positively correlated with serum total carotenoids and vegetable intake (r = 0.678 and 0.210, respectively). In women, higher skin carotenoid levels were significantly associated with lower BMI, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, blood insulin, and TGs levels and higher HDL-C levels. In men, it was also significantly correlated with BMI and blood insulin levels. In conclusion, dermal carotenoid level may indicate vegetable intake, and the higher level of dermal carotenoids are associated with a lower risk of circulatory diseases and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Matsumoto
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD. 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD. 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD. 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.H.)
- Department of Vegetable Life Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Science, Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD. 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan; (M.M.); (S.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Kahori Sawada
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (I.T.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Itoyo Tokuda
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (I.T.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (I.T.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; (K.S.); (I.T.); (K.I.); (S.N.)
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Radtke MD, Pitts SJ, Jahns L, Firnhaber GC, Loofbourrow BM, Zeng A, Scherr RE. Criterion-Related Validity of Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Measurements as a Proxy for Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1282-1299. [PMID: 32407509 PMCID: PMC7490174 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a category of health-promoting phytonutrients that are found in a variety of fruits and vegetables and have been used as a biomarker to approximate dietary fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake. Carotenoids are consumed, metabolized, and deposited in blood, skin, and other tissues. Emerging evidence suggests spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement is a noninvasive method to approximate F/V intake. Spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement overcomes bias and error inherent in self-reported dietary recall methods, and the challenges in obtaining, storing, and processing invasive blood samples. The objective of this systematic review was to examine criterion-related validity of spectroscopy-based skin carotenoid measurement as a proxy for F/V intake. The 3 methods examined were resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS), and spectrophotometers. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was performed in December 2018, yielding 7931 citations. Studies that examined associations between spectroscopy, blood carotenoids, and/or dietary intake were identified and reviewed independently by ≥2 reviewers to determine eligibility for inclusion. Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria and all 29 studies found significant correlations or associations between spectroscopy-based skin carotenoids and plasma or serum carotenoids and/or dietary F/V intake. A majority of the studies evaluated carotenoid concentration in adults; however, 4 studies were conducted in infants and 6 studies evaluated children. Twenty studies specified the racial/ethnic groups from which the samples were drawn, with 6 including ≥20% of the sample from a minority, nonwhite population. The findings of this systematic review support the use of spectroscopy for estimating F/V intake in diverse human populations, although additional validation is needed, particularly among racially/ethnically diverse populations and populations of varying ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Gina C Firnhaber
- College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Brittany M Loofbourrow
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - April Zeng
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Address correspondence to RES (E-mail: )
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