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van der Wurff I, Kirschner M, Golsteijn R, de Jonge M, Berendsen B, Singh A, Savelberg H, de Groot R. School-based physical activity interventions: which intervention characteristics are associated with participation and retention? A meta-analysis. Prev Med 2024; 182:107925. [PMID: 38437923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many school-based intervention studies are conducted to increase students' physical activity (PA). Recruitment and retention problems potentially impact the robustness of RCT findings. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize recruitment and retention rates in long-term secondary school-based PA intervention studies and examined associated participant and intervention characteristics. METHODS Web of Science, Pubmed, Medline, and PsychInfo were searched until March 20th 2023. We included studies on secondary school-based PA interventions ≥12 weeks, aimed at typically developing adolescents. We abstracted number of schools and students invited, randomized, and participating at follow-up to calculate pooled recruitment and retention rates; participant and intervention characteristics were abstracted to execute subgroup or meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Recruitment rates were 51% for invited schools and 80% for invited students, the retention for schools was almost 100% and for students 91%. Interventions with fixed and flexible components, executed in Asia and South America, and from later publication years had higher student recruitment rates. Students' retention rates were lower for interventions which had flexible components, were theory/model-based, used an accelerometer, had a longer intervention duration, and included more females. CONCLUSION Recruitment and retention rates in school-based PA interventions are high. Some participant and intervention characteristics influence these rates: flexibility of the intervention, theory/model-based intervention, accelerometer use, intervention duration, continent, and number of females. Researchers should consider these characteristics in intervention development to achieve optimal balance between intervention effectiveness, recruitment, and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- I van der Wurff
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open Univerity of the Netherlands, Heerlen 6419 AT, the Netherlands.
| | - M Kirschner
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen 6419 AT, the Netherlands
| | - R Golsteijn
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open Univerity of the Netherlands, Heerlen 6419 AT, the Netherlands
| | - M de Jonge
- (Former Employee of) Mulier Institute, Herculesplein 269, Utrecht 3584 AA, the Netherlands
| | - B Berendsen
- Department of Nutritional and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - A Singh
- (Former Employee of) Mulier Institute, Herculesplein 269, Utrecht 3584 AA, the Netherlands; Human Movement. School and Sport, Applied University of Windesheim, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - H Savelberg
- Department of Nutritional and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, the Netherlands; SHE, School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - R de Groot
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen 6419 AT, the Netherlands
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Contardo Ayala AM, Parker K, Mazzoli E, Lander N, Ridgers ND, Timperio A, Lubans DR, Abbott G, Koorts H, Salmon J. Effectiveness of Intervention Strategies to Increase Adolescents' Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Time in Secondary School Settings, Including Factors Related to Implementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:25. [PMID: 38472550 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, just one in five adolescents meet physical activity guidelines and three-quarters of the school day is spent sitting. It is unclear which types of school-based interventions strategies increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time among adolescents, or how these interventions are implemented influences their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE The three aims of our systematic review were to (a) identify intervention strategies used within secondary school settings to improve students' movement behaviours throughout school-based initiatives, delivered at or by the school; (b) determine the overall effect of the interventions (meta-analysis) on physical activity (all intensities), sedentary time, cognitive/academic, physical health and/or psychological outcomes; and (c) describe factors related to intervention implementation. METHODS Searches were conducted in MEDLINE complete, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, APA PsycINFO, and ERIC in January 2023 for studies that (a) included high school-aged adolescents; (b) involved a school-based intervention to increase physical activity and/or decrease sedentary time; and (c) were published in English. Reported effects were pooled in meta-analyses where sufficient data were obtained. RESULTS Eighty-five articles, representing 61 interventions, met the inclusion criteria, with 23 unique intervention strategies used. Interventions that involved whole-school approaches (i.e., physical activity sessions, environmental modifications, teacher training, peer support and/or educational resources) were favourably associated with most of the outcomes. The meta-analyses showed: (a) non-significant effects for sedentary time (Standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.02; 95%CI, -0.14, 0.11), physical activity at all intensities (light: SMD= -0.01; 95%CI, -0.08, 0.05; moderate: SMD = 0.06; 95%CI, -0.09, 0.22; vigorous: SMD = 0.08; 95%CI, -0.02, 0.18; moderate-to-vigorous: SMD = 0.05; 95%CI, -0.01, 0.12) and waist circumference (SMD = 0.09; 95%CI, -0.03, 0.21), and (b) a small statistically significant decrease in body mass index (SMD= -0.09, 95%CI -0.16, -0.0). Factors related to intervention implementation were reported in 51% of the articles. CONCLUSION While some intervention approaches demonstrated promise, small or null effects were found in meta-analyses. Future school-based interventions should utilize a whole-school approach designed to increase adolescents' activity across the day. Consistent reporting of implementation will increase understanding of how interventions are adopted, implemented and sustained. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42020169988).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Contardo Ayala
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kate Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emiliano Mazzoli
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Lander
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicola D Ridgers
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, , Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Hunter Medical Research institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harriet Koorts
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Malnes L, Berntsen S, Kolle E, Ivarsson A, Dyrstad SM, Resaland GK, Solberg R, Haugen T. School-based physical activity in relation to active travel - a cluster randomized controlled trial among adolescents enrolled in the school in motion study in Norway. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:136. [PMID: 37990252 PMCID: PMC10664674 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active travel and school settings are considered ideal for promoting physical activity. However, previous research suggests limited effect of school-based interventions on overall physical activity levels among adolescents. The relationship between physical activity in different domains remains inconclusive. In this study, we examined the effects of adding two weekly hours of school-based physical activity on active travel rates. METHOD We analyzed data from 1370 pupils in the 9th-grade participating in the cluster RCT; the School In Motion (ScIM) project. Intervention schools (n = 19) implemented 120 min of class-scheduled physical activity and physical education, in addition to the normal 2 hours of weekly physical education in the control schools (n = 9), for 9 months. Active travel was defined as pupils who reported walking or cycling to school, while motorized travel was defined as pupils who commuted by bus or car, during the spring/summer half of the year (April-September), or autumn/winter (October-February). The participants were categorized based on their travel mode from pretest to posttest as; maintained active or motorized travel ("No change"), changing to active travel (motorized-active), or changing to motorized travel (active-motorized). Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the intervention effect on travel mode. RESULTS During the intervention period, most participants maintained their travel habits. In total, 91% of pupils maintained their travel mode to school. Only 6% of pupils switched to motorized travel and 3% switched to active travel, with small variations according to season and trip direction. The intervention did not seem to influence the likelihood of changing travel mode. The odds ratios for changing travel habits in spring/summer season were from active to motorized travel 1.19 [95%CI: 0.53-2.15] and changing from motorized to active travel 1.18 [0.30-2.62], compared to the "No change" group. These findings were consistent to and from school, and for the autumn/winter season. CONCLUSION The extra school-based physical activity does not seem to affect rates of active travel among adolescents in the ScIM project. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID nr: NCT03817047. Registered 01/25/2019' retrospectively registered'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Malnes
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Runar Solberg
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Manojlovic M, Roklicer R, Trivic T, Milic R, Maksimović N, Tabakov R, Sekulic D, Bianco A, Drid P. Effects of school-based physical activity interventions on physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with disabilities: a systematic review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180639. [PMID: 37362446 PMCID: PMC10289231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the influence of school-based physical exercise programs on physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with disabilities. Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were thoroughly searched to identify relevant investigations. To be included in the systematic review, studies needed to fulfill the following inclusion criteria: 1) performed school-based physical exercise interventions; 2) parameters evaluated referred to health-related physical fitness (HRPF), skill-related physical fitness (SRPF), and cardiometabolic health; 3) a sample of participants consisted of children and adolescents with disabilities; 4) the mean age of respondents was less than 18 years; and 5) were written in the English language. Results: After searching the databases, a total of 474 studies have been identified, 18 of them met the eligibility criteria, and their outcomes were presented. Relating to the respondents' characteristics, the investigations involved 681 children and adolescents with disabilities, out of which 440 were male and 241 female. Regarding types of physical exercise interventions, the most commonly implemented were combined aerobic and resistance training, aerobic exercise, sports games, adapted high-intensity interval training, as well as sprint interval training. The obtained results unambiguously demonstrated that applied exercise interventions improved HRPF components such as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility. In terms of the SRPF, agility, balance, coordination, and power were considerably enhanced following the school-based exercise. On the other hand, the influence on indices of body composition and cardiometabolic health is quite controversial. The majority of the available studies did not find favorable effects. Additionally, no adverse events were reported in 7 of 8 research, and adherence to exercise was approximately 92%. Conclusion: School-based physical exercise programs were very efficient in improving HRPF and SRPF in children and adolescents with disabilities, while the evidence concerning the variables of body composition and cardiometabolic health is inconclusive and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manojlovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Roberto Roklicer
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Brixen-Bressanone, Italy
| | - Tatjana Trivic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rade Milic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Maksimović
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roman Tabakov
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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5
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Leibinger E, Åvitsland A, Resaland GK, Solberg RB, Kolle E, Dyrstad SM. Relationship between health-related quality of life and physical fitness in Norwegian adolescents. Qual Life Res 2022; 32:1133-1141. [PMID: 36527570 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-022-03309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This cross-sectional study investigated the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness in 14-year-old adolescents. METHODS Norwegian adolescents (N = 1985) carried out a 10-min running test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and three different muscular fitness tests (handgrip, sit-ups, and standing broad jump) and answered the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire to provide HRQoL data. Linear-mixed effect models were applied to detect relationships among the variables. RESULTS Running-test results were positively associated with higher scores in the following KIDSCREEN domains: physical well-being, psychological well-being, autonomy and parent relationships, and school environment (β = 0.01-0.04; p < .01 for all). Performance in sit-ups test was positively associated with higher scores in three out of five KIDSCREEN domains: physical well-being (β = 0.31; p < .001), social support and peers (β = 0.16; p = .023), and school environment scores (β = 0.19; p = .006). An inverse association was found between the handgrip test results and the score on psychological well-being domain (β = - 0.10; p = .013). CONCLUSIONS The associations between HRQoL and physical fitness were trivial (abdominal strength and handgrip strength) to small (CRF) but confirmed that earlier findings from children also are applied to adolescents. Explosive strength in the lower body showed no association with HRQoL. Further research should investigate the direction of causality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID nr: NCT03817047. Registered 01/25/2019 'retrospectively registered'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Leibinger
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Andreas Åvitsland
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Runar B Solberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
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Feig EH, Madva EN, Millstein RA, Zambrano J, Amonoo HL, Longley RM, Okoro F, Huffman JC, Celano CM, Hoeppner B. Can positive psychological interventions improve health behaviors? A systematic review of the literature. Prev Med 2022; 163:107214. [PMID: 35998764 PMCID: PMC10141541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Positive psychological interventions (PPIs), which aim to cultivate psychological well-being, have the potential to improve health behavior adherence. This systematic review summarized the existing literature on PPI studies with a health behavior outcome to examine study methodology, quality, and efficacy. Of the 27 identified studies, 20 measured physical activity, eight measured medication adherence, seven measured diet, and three measured smoking (eight targeted multiple behaviors). Twenty studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 13 fully powered), and seven had a single-arm design. Study samples were usually adults (n = 21), majority non-Hispanic white (n = 15) and female (n = 14), and with a specific disease (e.g., diabetes, n = 16). Most interventions combined a PPI with health behavior-focused content (n = 17), used a remote delivery method (n = 17), and received a moderate or low study quality rating. Overall, 19/27 studies found a health behavior improvement of at least medium effect size, while six of the 13 studies powered to detect significant effects were statistically significant. Of the behaviors measured, physical activity was most likely to improve (14/20 studies). In summary, PPIs are being increasingly studied as a strategy to enhance health behavior adherence. The existing literature is limited by small sample size, low study quality and inconsistent intervention content and outcome measurement. Future research should establish the most effective components of PPIs that can be tailored to different populations, use objective health behavior measurement, and robustly examine the effects of PPIs on health behaviors in fully powered RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Elizabeth N Madva
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel A Millstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliana Zambrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hermioni L Amonoo
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Regina M Longley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Florence Okoro
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M Celano
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bettina Hoeppner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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School-Based Comprehensive Strength Training Interventions to Improve Muscular Fitness and Perceived Physical Competence in Chinese Male Adolescents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7464815. [PMID: 36105938 PMCID: PMC9467732 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7464815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This research was to see how effective and feasible school-based comprehensive strength training programs are in improving muscular fitness and perceived physical competence in Chinese male adolescents. Methods. A total of 123 participants (
years) were randomized to comprehensive strength training intervention group (CST) (
) and the control group (CON) (
). The training sessions were performed three times a week for ten weeks in CST. Muscular fitness (i.e., muscular strength, power, and muscular endurance) and perceived physical competence were assessed at initial testing and final testing. Results.The subjects in the CST significantly improved their mean performance in standing long jump (
), vertical jump (
), 1 min push-ups (
), 1 min sit-ups (
), handgrip strength (
), and perceived physical competence (
) after the intervention. Moreover, the CST were greater in standing long jump (
), vertical jump (
), 1 min sit-ups (
), handgrip strength (
), and perceived physical competence (
) compared to the CON, but no in 1 min push-ups (
). Conclusions. The comprehensive strength training interventions designed in this study can significantly increase male adolescents’ muscular fitness, especially in the lower extremity muscle power and abdominal core endurance, and can enhance their perceived physical competence.
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8
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Burchartz A, Oriwol D, Kolb S, Schmidt SCE, von Haaren-Mack B, Niessner C, Woll A. Impact of weekdays versus weekend days on accelerometer measured physical behavior among children and adolescents: results from the MoMo study. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStructured activities, in which children participate for example at school, are consistent and limited in scope. After-school or weekend activities, by contrast, involve a wider range of behaviors. Studies have shown that physical activity (PA), as measured by accelerometers, is lower on weekends compared to weekdays or school days, whereas PA does not differ between weekdays. In the present study, we examined accelerometer data of children and adolescents living in Germany for the different weekdays and weekend days. The current analysis used cross-sectional data of participants (n = 2743) aged 6–17 years collected between 2014 and 2017. The final valid sample consisted of 2278 children and adolescents divided into three age groups (6–10 years, n = 713; 11–13 years, n = 706; 14–17 years, n = 859) and two gender groups (1072 boys, 1206 girls). Physical behavior, including sedentary behavior, as well as light, moderate, vigorous PA, and wear time were analyzed. Absolute and percentage intensity distributions were evaluated daily. The average wear time was 807 min daily from Monday–Thursday with significant deviations from the mean on Friday (+38 min), Saturday (−76 min), and Sunday (−141 min). Absolute moderate to vigorous PA times were lower on weekends than during the week. However, the percentage intensity distribution remained constant over all days. Girls were less physically active and more sedentary than boys (F1,2272 = 38.3; p < 0.01) and adolescents were significantly less active than younger children (F2,2272 = 138.6; p < 0.01). Waking times increased with age (F2,2272 = 138.6; p < 0.01). Shorter awake periods limit possible active times on weekends, resulting in lower PA and sedentary behavior compared to weekdays. The percentage distributions of the different physical behavior intensity categories are similar over all weekdays and weekend days. We could not find a justification for specific weekend interventions. Instead, interventions should generally try to shift activity away from sedentary behavior towards a more active lifestyle.
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9
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Kuzik N, da Costa BGG, Hwang Y, Verswijveren SJJM, Rollo S, Tremblay MS, Bélanger S, Carson V, Davis M, Hornby S, Huang WY, Law B, Salmon J, Tomasone JR, Wachira LJ, Wijndaele K, Saunders TJ. School-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being among children and youth: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 35382825 PMCID: PMC8979786 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between school-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being in children and youth (~ 5-18 years) attending school. METHODS This review was conducted to inform the development of School-Related Sedentary Behaviour Recommendations. Peer-reviewed, published, or in-press articles in English were included. Reviews, meta-analyses, and case studies were excluded; all other study designs were eligible. Further, articles had to meet the a priori study criteria for population, intervention, comparator (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021227600). Embase, MEDLINE® ALL, and PsycINFO were searched. Risk of bias was assessed for individual experimental studies using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and in observational studies based on the GRADE framework and in line with previous systematic reviews examining sedentary behaviours in children. Overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework for each outcome category and study design. Results were synthesized narratively, grouped by study design and outcome category. Further, several high-level summaries were conducted to help interpret results. RESULTS Evidence was synthesized from 116 reports, including 1,385,038 participants and 1173 extracted associations. More school-related sedentary behaviour was favourably associated with nearly one-third of extracted associations for cognitive (33%) and social-emotional (32%) indicators (e.g., less anxiety), but unfavourably associated with other movement behaviours (e.g., less physical activity) (35%). Active lessons were favourable (72%), compared to more school-related sedentary behaviours, when examining associations for all health and well-being indicators. More homework was favourable across all health and well-being indicators in 4% of extracted associations for primary school children, and 25% of extracted associations for secondary school children. However, ≥2 h/day of homework appeared to be unfavourable for health and well-being. Limitations for synthesized studies included generally low quality of evidence and a lack of studies in South American, African, or low-middle income countries. CONCLUSIONS Findings can help inform policy makers, schools, and teachers, regarding the amount of homework assigned and the introduction of active lessons into the classroom to enhance health and well-being of children. More research is needed examining school-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kuzik
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Bruno G. G. da Costa
- grid.260989.c0000 0000 8588 8547School of Physical & Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Canada
| | - Yeongho Hwang
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Simone J. J. M. Verswijveren
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Scott Rollo
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stacey Bélanger
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte Justine, CIRENE (Centre Intégré du Réseau en Neurodéveloppement de L’Enfant), Montréal, Quebec Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melanie Davis
- Physical and Health Education (PHE) Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan Hornby
- Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health (JCSH), Summerside, Canada
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbi Law
- grid.260989.c0000 0000 8588 8547School of Physical & Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Canada
| | - Jo Salmon
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Lucy-Joy Wachira
- grid.9762.a0000 0000 8732 4964Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- grid.139596.10000 0001 2167 8433Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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10
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Dalene KE, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Ekelund U, Grydeland M, Anderssen SA, Tarp J. Device-measured sedentary time in Norwegian children and adolescents in the era of ubiquitous internet access: secular changes between 2005, 2011 and 2018. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1556-1567. [PMID: 35362538 PMCID: PMC9557841 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Access to screen-based media has been revolutionized during the past two decades. How this has affected sedentary time (ST) accumulation in children is poorly understood. Methods This study, based on the Physical Activity among Norwegian Children Study (PANCS), uses accelerometer data from population-based samples of 9- and 15‐year-olds, collected in 2005 (n = 1722), 2011 (n = 1587) and 2018 (n = 1859). Secular changes between surveys were analysed using random-effects linear regression models adjusted for survey-specific factors. Data on ST were collected using hip-worn ActiGraphs and ST was defined using a threshold equivalent to <100 counts/min. Sedentary bouts were grouped by duration: <1, 1–5, 5–15, 15–30 and ≥30 min. Results Between 2005 and 2018, ST increased by 29 min/day in 9-year-old boys (95% CI: 19, 39; P <0.001), by 21 min/day in 15-year-old boys (95% CI: 8, 34; P = 0.002) and by 22 min/day in 15-year-old girls (95% CI: 10, 35; P <0.001), but not in 9-year-old girls at 6 min/day (95% CI: -3, 16; P = 0.191). All age-sex groups accumulated less ST in bouts lasting <5 min and more ST in longer bouts, particularly in 5–15-min bouts. Adolescent girls also increased ST accumulation in 15–30-min and ≥30-min bouts. Changes were largely mirrored before, during and after school on weekdays and during weekend days. Conclusions Coinciding with the introduction of smartphones, tablets and near-universal internet access, total daily ST and ST accumulated in prolonged sedentary bouts increased between 2005 and 2018 in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørge H Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Grydeland
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Solberg RB, Steene-Johannessen J, Wang Fagerland M, Anderssen SA, Berntsen S, Resaland GK, van Sluijs EMF, Ekelund U, Kolle E. Aerobic fitness mediates the intervention effects of a school-based physical activity intervention on academic performance. The school in Motion study - A cluster randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2022; 24:101648. [PMID: 34976697 PMCID: PMC8684017 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with increased aerobic fitness and academic performance. Little is known on mechanism of physical activity effects on academic performance. We performed a cluster randomized controlled trial. Aerobic fitness mediated the intervention effect on academic performance. Activity increasing aerobic fitness is a strategy to improve academic performance.
Little information exists on the mechanism of how physical activity interventions effects academic performance. We examined whether the effects of a school-based physical activity intervention on academic performance were mediated by aerobic fitness. The School in Motion study was a nine-month cluster randomized controlled trial between September 2017 and June 2018. Students from 30 Norwegian lower secondary schools (N = 2,084, mean age [SD] = 14 [0.3] years) were randomly assigned into three groups: the Physically Active Learning (PAL) intervention (n = 10), the Don’t Worry—Be Happy (DWBH) intervention (n = 10), or control (n = 10). Aerobic fitness was assessed by the Andersen test and academic performance by national tests in reading and numeracy. Mediation was assessed according to the causal steps approach using linear mixed models. In the PAL intervention, aerobic fitness partially mediated the intervention effect on numeracy by 28% from a total effect of 1.73 points (95% CI: 1.13 to 2.33) to a natural direct effect of 1.24 points (95% CI: 0.58 to 1.91), and fully mediated the intervention effect on reading, with the total effect of 0.89 points (95% CI: 0.15 to 1.62) reduced to the natural direct effect of 0.40 points (95% CI: −0.48 to 1.28). Aerobic fitness did not mediate the effects on academic performance in the DWBH intervention. As aerobic fitness mediated the intervention effect on academic performance in one intervention, physical activity of an intensity that increases aerobic fitness is one strategy to improve academic performance among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runar Barstad Solberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Wang Fagerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, PB 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, 6856 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
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12
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School-Level Factors within Comprehensive School Health Associated with the Trajectory of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity over Time: A Longitudinal, Multilevel Analysis in a Large Sample of Grade 9 and 10 Students in Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312761. [PMID: 34886487 PMCID: PMC8657398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) The majority of Canadian youth are insufficiently active, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) decreases substantially during secondary school. School factors within the comprehensive school health (CSH) framework may help attenuate this decline. This study aimed to examine how youth MVPA changes over a three-year period and evaluate the school characteristics associated with preventing the decline in MVPA over time, guided by the CSH framework. (2) This study uses COMPASS survey data from 78 secondary schools in Ontario and Alberta that participated in Year 2 (2013/14), Year 3 (2014/15), and Year 4 (2015/16), and 17,661 students attending these schools. Multilevel (linear mixed effects) models were used to determine the association between school-level factors and student MVPA (weekly minutes) over time, stratified by gender. (3) Both male and female students had a significant decline in MVPA across the 3 years, with a greater decrease observed among female students. Within the CSH framework, the school's social environment, partnerships, and policies were associated with student MVPA over time, however the specific school factors and directions of associations varied by gender. (4) School-based interventions (e.g., public health partnerships) may help avoid the decline in MVPA observed in this critical period and support student health.
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Danielsen KH, Vårnes TK, Sagelv EH, Heitmann KA, Mathisen GE. Seasonal variations in physical activity among Norwegian elementary school children in Arctic regions. Int J Circumpolar Health 2021; 80:2004688. [PMID: 34806563 PMCID: PMC8635590 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2021.2004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure seasonal variations in physical activity (PA) during Polar Nights (PN) and Polar Days (PD) among elementary school children in the Arctic regions of Norway. One hundred and seventy-eight schoolchildren from 1st, 3rd, 5thand 7th grade participated in the study. Physical activity was measured for seven consecutive days with an ActiGraph GT3X-BT accelerometer and is expressed as total PA incounts per minute (cpm) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) (min∙day-1). During PN, 51% of boys and 33% of girls met the PA recommendations, whereas 36% of boys and 34% of girls met the recommendations during PD. Time spent doing MVPA did not differ between the two seasons (all p ≥ 0.073). Overall, the children accumulated 613 ±154 cpm during PN, which was lower than during PD 704 ± 269 cpm, p < 0.001). A larger proportion of boys than girls met the PA recommendations during PN compared with PD. Our findings did not show any clear seasonal variation for MVPA or total PA among children,except for some differences within sexes in different grades. This study indicates that interventions aimed at increasing PA should be implemented throughout the year in the Arctic regions. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H. Danielsen
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thilde K. Vårnes
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Edvard H. Sagelv
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kim A. Heitmann
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunnar E. Mathisen
- Department of Education, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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14
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Solberg RB, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U, Säfvenbom R, Haugen T, Berntsen S, Åvitsland A, Lerum Ø, Resaland GK, Kolle E. Effects of a school-based physical activity intervention on academic performance in 14-year old adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial - the School in Motion study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:871. [PMID: 33957895 PMCID: PMC8101111 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based physical activity interventions evaluating the effect on academic performance usually includes children. We aimed to investigate the effect of a nine-month, school-based physical activity intervention titled School in Motion (ScIM) on academic performance in adolescents. METHODS Thirty secondary schools in Norway were cluster-randomized into three groups: the Physically active learning (PAL) group (n = 10), the Don't worry - Be Happy (DWBH) group (n = 10) or control (n = 10). Target dose in both intervention groups was 120 min/week of additional PA during school hours. Parental consent was obtained from 2084 adolescent students (76%). Standardized national tests in reading and numeracy was conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention. We used linear mixed model to test intervention effects. We found significant intervention effects in numeracy and reading among students in both interventions when compared with controls. RESULTS The mean difference in change in numeracy was 1.7 (95% CI: 0.9 to 2.5; Cohen's d = 0.12) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.7; Cohen's d = 0.23) points in favour of students in the PAL and DWBH intervention, respectively. Similar results were found for reading, where the mean difference in change was 0.9 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.6; Cohen's d = 0.06) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.9; Cohen's d = 0.18) points in favour of students in the PAL and DWBH intervention, respectively. When conducting intention to treat analysis with imputed data the estimates were attenuated and some no longer significant. CONCLUSION The ScIM study demonstrates that two different school-based PA interventions providing approximately 120 min of additional PA weekly over nine months, significantly improved numeracy and reading performance in 14-year old students compared with controls. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as the effect sizes reported were very small or small and the estimates were attenuated when conducting intention to treat analysis. Despite this, our results are still positive and suggest that PA interventions are viable models to increase academic performance among adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered (25/01/2019): NCT03817047 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Runar Barstad Solberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Säfvenbom
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugen
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, PB 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, PB 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andreas Åvitsland
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, Pb 8600 Forus, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øystein Lerum
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, 6856, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Kolle E, Hansen BH, Bratteteig M, Dalhaug EM, Andersen LB, Nystad W, Ekelund U, Dalene KE. Temporal trends in physical activity levels across more than a decade - a national physical activity surveillance system among Norwegian children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:55. [PMID: 33902618 PMCID: PMC8074468 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a scarcity of device measured data on temporal changes in physical activity (PA) in large population-based samples. The purpose of this study is to describe gender and age-group specific temporal trends in device measured PA between 2005, 2011 and 2018 by comparing three nationally representative samples of children and adolescents. METHODS Norwegian children and adolescents (6, 9 and 15-year-olds) were invited to participate in 2005 (only 9- and 15-year-olds), 2011 and 2018 through cluster sampling (schools primary sampling units). A combined sample of 9500 individuals participated. Physical activity was assessed by hip worn accelerometers, with PA indices including overall PA (counts per minute), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), and PA guideline adherence (achieving on average ≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA). Random-effects linear regressions and logistic regressions adjusted for school-level clusters were used to analyse temporal trends. FINDINGS In total, 8186 of the participating children and adolescents provided valid PA data. Proportions of sufficiently active 6-year-olds were almost identical in 2011 and 2018; boys 95% (95% CI: 92, 97) and 94% (95%CI: 92, 96) and girls 86% (95% CI: 83, 90) and 86% (95% CI: 82, 90). Proportions of sufficiently active 15-year-olds in 2005 and 2018 were 52% (95% CI: 46, 59) and 55% (95% CI: 48, 62) in boys, and 48% (95% CI: 42, 55) and 44% (95% CI: 37, 51) in girls, respectively, resulting from small differences in min/day of MVPA. Among 9-year-old boys and girls, proportions of sufficiently active declined between 2005 and 2018, from 90% (95% CI: 87, 93) to 84% (95% CI: 80, 87)) and 74% (95% CI: 69, 79) to 68% (95% CI: 64, 72), respectively. This resulted from 9.7 min/day less MVPA in boys (95% CI: - 14.8, - 4.7; p < 0.001) and 3.2 min/day less MVPA (95% CI: - 7.0, 0.7; p = 0.106) in girls. CONCLUSIONS PA levels have been fairly stable between 2005, 2011 and 2018 in Norwegian youth. However, the declining PA level among 9-year-old boys and the low proportion of 15-year-olds sufficiently active is concerning. To evaluate the effect of, and plan for new, PA promoting strategies, it is important to ensure more frequent, systematic, device-based monitoring of population-levels of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Bratteteig
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilie Mass Dalhaug
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Geographical, cultural, and socio-economic factors create a different lifestyle. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to identify the differences in anthropometric and fitness characteristics among adolescents living in Montenegro and Kosovo in order to optimize the physical fitness as a consequence of the proactive behavior. Anthropometric characteristics and fitness level measures were assessed by Eurofit testing battery among 600 Kosovar and 600 Montenegrin students, equally distributed by gender. Differences between countries, gender, and age group (13, 14 and 15 years) were assessed with multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. The results showed that Montenegrin students are taller, heavier, and achieve better results in the sit-ups and 20-m endurance shuttle-run tests. Kosovar students achieve better results in the standing broad jump and 10 × 5 m shuttle-run tests. Males achieve significantly better results in all tests, excluding the sit-and-reach test. Statistically significant differences among age groups were found for all variables, regardless gender and country (except for the flamingo and sit-and reach tests). This study is of importance to physical education teachers and curriculum authors to optimize students’ proactive behavior based on the identified anthropometric and physical fitness differences between the two countries, age groups, and genders.
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Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Clustered Cardiovascular Risk in South African Primary Schoolchildren from Disadvantaged Communities: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042080. [PMID: 33669905 PMCID: PMC7924629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The coexistence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors has been reported in school-aged children from the age of nine years, but most evidence stems from high-income countries. This cross-sectional study aimed at describing the cardiovascular health risk, physical activity (PA) behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels of South African primary schoolchildren, and at examining the associations between PA/CRF and a composite measure of cardiovascular risk. Cross-sectional data from 832 primary schoolchildren (grade 1–4) were analyzed. Total cholesterol/HDL ratio, triglycerides, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, body fat, and glycated hemoglobin were assessed as cardiovascular risk markers. Data were analyzed via mixed linear regressions and analyses of covariance. Overall, 24.2% of the participants did not meet current PA standards. Higher CRF/PA were associated with lower body fat and lower clustered cardiovascular risk (p < 0.05). When categorizing children into CRF/PA quartiles, a lower clustered cardiovascular risk gradient was found in children with higher CRF (p < 0.05) or PA (p < 0.05). Our data shows that higher CRF/PA is associated with lower clustered cardiovascular risk already from a young age. Given that clustered cardiovascular risk present during childhood can track into adulthood, we advocate for PA participation and a healthy weight from a young age onwards.
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