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Mohd Tohit NF, Haque M. Gerontology in Public Health: A Scoping Review of Current Perspectives and Interventions. Cureus 2024; 16:e65896. [PMID: 39092340 PMCID: PMC11292002 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The intersection of gerontology and public health is increasingly vital due to the global aging population and its implications for health systems. This scoping review aims to map existing literature on gerontology within public health, identify current perspectives, and evaluate interventions tailored to the needs of older adults. A systematic search was performed using predefined keywords across multiple databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The review included 42 studies that employed various designs, all focusing on public health interventions targeting the aging population. Key findings indicate a pressing need to integrate gerontological principles into public health practice, recognizing the heterogeneous nature of older adults and the significance of social determinants of health. Interventions ranged from preventive health measures and chronic disease management programs to health promotion activities and caregiver support, including the application of technology to improve health outcomes. However, there was a notable lack of research on diverse populations and mental health interventions. The review also uncovered critical gaps in the literature, such as economic barriers to care access and the necessity for comprehensive policies addressing the aging population's diverse needs. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional approach to effectively addressing older adults' health needs. While several effective interventions exist, there is an urgent need to tackle identified gaps, particularly concerning diverse populations and mental health, to enhance overall health strategies for the aging demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Faiza Mohd Tohit
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National University of Defence Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Research, Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC) School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National University of Defence Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Andrews M, Cheema BS, Siette J. Barriers and facilitators to implementation of physical activity programs for individuals with dementia living in aged care homes: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 126:105535. [PMID: 38936317 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of physical activity programs for residents with dementia in aged care homes. METHODS A search was conducted using the databases Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and ProQuest, and captured articles were assessed for inclusion in the review. Included studies were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data extraction was performed for study characteristics, identified barriers and facilitators to physical activity implementation, and synthesised narratively. RESULTS Following full-text screening, 13 articles were included in the review. Reporting quality was high in the majority of studies (69 %). Overall, barriers to implementation of physical activity programs were linked to factors related to the resident or the aged care facility, rather than inherently with the physical activity itself. The most identified barriers were understaffing (62 %), resident fatigue or lack of motivation (46 %), distrust of staff (31 %), and fear of injury (31 %). The most identified facilitators were having a structured physical activity protocol (46 %), opportunities for social interaction (38 %), instructor-led sessions (38 %) and offering an individually tailored program (31 %). CONCLUSIONS Addressing barriers of understaffing and resident fatigue whilst simultaneously offering structured, personalised group physical activity programs led by instructors may help optimise implementation. Future research should focus on developing tailored implementation plans, evaluating their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, and identifying best practices to support the delivery of physical activity interventions in residential aged care settings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022372308.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Andrews
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Health Sciences, Translational Health Research Institute and the National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Joyce Siette
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Izquierdo-Gomez R, Martínez-Gómez D, Shields N, Del Rosario Ortola-Vidal M, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Cabanas-Sánchez V. The role of physical activity in the association between disability and mortality among US older adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study. GeroScience 2024; 46:3275-3285. [PMID: 38252359 PMCID: PMC11009203 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To examine whether physical activity can mitigate the mortality risk associated with disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities in daily living among older adults. This analysis comprised 177,360 US participants (104,556 women), aged ≥ 60 years, with valid data from the 1997 through 2018 waves of the US National Health Interview Survey. Participants reported the frequency and duration of leisure-time PA, and their disabilities in activities of daily living and instrumental activities in daily living. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index. Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 8.02 (5.43) years, 66,694 deaths occurred from all-cause, 22,673 from cardiovascular disease, and 13,845 from cancer. Among people with disability in activities in daily living, those reaching physical activity recommendations had 25%, 24% and 33% lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer death, respectively, compared with those who do not meet physical activity recommendations. Values were 23%, 22% and 24% for those with disability in instrumental activities in daily living. Risk reductions associated with reaching the recommended physical activity ranged 16% to 29% for people without disability. Combining disability type and compliance with physical activity, individuals with disability in activities of daily living or instrumental activities in daily living who meet the recommended physical activity had moderately higher mortality than those without disability who did not achieve the recommended physical activity. Compliance with physical activity recommendations can partially mitigate excess mortality resulting from disability in activities in daily living or instrumental activities in daily living in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain.
- Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. República Saharahui, S/N. Campus de Puerto Real, 11519, Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - David Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Shields
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - María Del Rosario Ortola-Vidal
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Fuentes Diaz MF, Leadbetter B, Pitre V, Nowell S, Sénéchal M, Bouchard DR. Synchronous Group-Based Online Exercise Programs for Older Adults Living in the Community: A Scoping Review. J Aging Phys Act 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38823794 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Older adults are the least physically active group with specific barriers to regular exercise, and online exercise programs could overcome some of those barriers. This scoping review aimed to describe the characteristics of supervised group-based synchronous online exercise programs for older adults living in the community, their feasibility, acceptability, and potential benefits. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, SPORTDiscus, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched until November 2022. The included studies met the following criteria: participants aged 50 years and above, a minimum of a 6-week group-based supervised and synchronous intervention, and original articles available in English. Eighteen articles were included, with 1,178 participants (67% female, average age of 71 [57-93] years), most (83%) published in the past 3 years. From the limited reported studies, delivering supervised, synchronous online exercise programs (one to three times/week, between 8 and 32 weeks) for older adults living in the community seems feasible, accepted, and can improve physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Fuentes Diaz
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Brianna Leadbetter
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Vanessa Pitre
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Sarah Nowell
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Martin Sénéchal
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Danielle R Bouchard
- Cardiometabolic Exercise & Lifestyle Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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Wang J, Li Y, Yang GY, Jin K. Age-Related Dysfunction in Balance: A Comprehensive Review of Causes, Consequences, and Interventions. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0124-1. [PMID: 38607735 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the multifaceted aspects of age-related balance changes, highlighting their prevalence, underlying causes, and the impact they have on the elderly population. Central to this discussion is the exploration of various physiological changes that occur with aging, such as alterations in the vestibular, visual, proprioceptive systems, and musculoskeletal degeneration. We examine the role of neurological disorders, cognitive decline, and medication side effects in exacerbating balance issues. The review underscores the significance of early detection and effective intervention strategies in mitigating the risks associated with balance problems, such as falls and reduced mobility. It discusses the effectiveness of diverse intervention strategies, including exercise programs, rehabilitation techniques, and technological advancements like virtual reality, wearable devices, and telemedicine. Additionally, the review stresses the importance of a holistic approach in managing balance disorders, encompassing medication review, addressing comorbidities, and environmental modifications. The paper also presents future research directions, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying balance changes with aging and the potential of emerging technologies and interdisciplinary approaches in enhancing assessment and intervention methods. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers in developing targeted strategies to improve the quality of life and ensure the well-being of the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Nunes PRP, Castro-E-Souza P, de Oliveira AA, Camilo BDF, Cristina-Souza G, Vieira-Souza LM, Carneiro MADS. Effect of resistance training volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:145-159. [PMID: 37788790 PMCID: PMC10980902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females. METHODS A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation with a control group (CG) were included. Independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)) evaluations. Total body and abdominal adiposity, blood lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis. A random-effects model, standardized mean difference (Hedges' g), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used for meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty randomized controlled trials (overall risk of bias: some concerns; GRADE: low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included. RT groups were divided into low-volume RT (LVRT, ∼44 sets/week) and high-volume RT (HVRT, ∼77 sets/week). Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation when compared to CG. However, HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose (HVRT = -1.19; 95%CI: -1.63 to -0.74; LVRT = -0.78; 95%CI:-1.15 to -0.41) and C-reactive protein (HVRT = -1.00; 95%CI: -1.32 to -0.67; LVRT = -0.34; 95%CI, -0.63 to -0.04)) when compared to CG. CONCLUSION Compared to CG, HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Prado Nunes
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; University Center of Planalto de Araxá (UNIARAXA), 38180-129 Araxá, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil.
| | - Pâmela Castro-E-Souza
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Freitas Camilo
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Physical Activity, Health and Ageing Research Group (GPASE), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (GPEN), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucio Marques Vieira-Souza
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Sport Sciences and Physical Exercise Study and Research Group - (GEPCEEX), Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), 37902-092 Passos, MG, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49107-230 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Augusto da Silva Carneiro
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Londrina State University (UEL), 86050-070 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Gilchrist H, Oliveira JS, Kwok WS, Sherrington C, Pinheiro MB, Bauman A, Tiedemann A, Hassett L. Use of behavior change techniques in physical activity programs and services for older adults: findings from a rapid review. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:216-226. [PMID: 38300788 PMCID: PMC10858305 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity programs/services for older adults can help us to guide their implementation in real-world settings. PURPOSE This study aims to: (a) identify the number and type of BCTs used in physical activity programs/services for older adults evaluated in large, good quality RCTs and (b) explore the impact of different BCTs on different outcome domains. METHODS This is a secondary data analysis of a WHO-commissioned rapid review of physical activity programs/services for older adults. Fifty-six trials testing 70 interventions were coded for the type and number of BCTs present using a published BCT taxonomy. The proportion of positive effects found from physical activity interventions using the most common BCTs was calculated for the outcomes of physical activity, intrinsic capacity, functional ability, social domain, cognitive and emotional functioning, and well-being and quality of life. RESULTS Thirty-nine of the 93 possible BCTs were identified in the included trials and 529 BCTs in total (mean 7.6, range 2-17). The most common BCTs were "action planning" (68/70 interventions), "instructions on how to perform a behavior" (60/70), "graded tasks" (53/70), "demonstration of behavior" (44/70), and "behavioral practice/rehearsal" (43/70). Interventions that used any of the most common BCTs showed overwhelmingly positive impacts on physical activity and social domain outcomes. CONCLUSION Consideration of which BCTs are included in interventions and their impact on outcomes can improve the effectiveness and implementation of future interventions. To enable this, providers can design, implement, and evaluate interventions using a BCT taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gilchrist
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana S Oliveira
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wing S Kwok
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina B Pinheiro
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leanne Hassett
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Gadigal Country, Sydney, Australia
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McMahon SK, Lewis BA, Guan W, Wang Q, Hayes SM, Wyman JF, Rothman AJ. Effect of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Behavior Change Strategies on Physical Activity Among Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e240298. [PMID: 38421648 PMCID: PMC10905305 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Despite guidelines that recommend physical activity (PA), little is known about which types of behavior change strategies (BCSs) effectively promote sustained increases in PA in older adults who are insufficiently active. Objective To determine whether intrapersonal BCSs (eg, goal setting) or interpersonal BCSs (eg, peer-to-peer sharing or learning) combined with the Otago Exercise Program (17 strength and balance exercises and a walking program that are learned and individually tailored, with instruction to perform 3 times per week at home or location of choice) and a wearable PA monitor help older adults sustain increases in their PA. Design, Setting, and Participants This 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial (Community-Based Intervention Effects on Older Adults' Physical Activity) of community-dwelling older adults 70 years or older with PA levels below minimum national PA guidelines was conducted in urban community centers. Dates of enrollment were from November 17, 2017, to June 15, 2021, with final follow-up assessments completed on September 2, 2022. Interventions Participants were randomized to intrapersonal (eg, goal setting) BCSs, interpersonal (eg, problem-solving with peer-to-peer sharing and learning) BCSs, intrapersonal and interpersonal BCSs, or an attention control group. All interventions included a PA monitor and 8 weekly small-group meetings with discussion, practice, and instructions to implement the exercise program and relevant BCSs independently between meetings and after the intervention. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was daily minutes of objectively measured total PA (light, moderate, or vigorous intensities) averaged over 7 to 10 days, measured at baseline and after the intervention at 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months. Results Among 309 participants (mean [SD] age, 77.4 [5.0] years; 240 women [77.7%]), 305 (98.7%) completed the intervention, and 302 (97.7%) had complete data. Participants receiving PA interventions with interpersonal BCS components exhibited greater increases in total PA than did those who did not at 1 week (204 vs 177 PA minutes per day; adjusted difference, 27.1 [95% CI, 17.2-37.0]; P < .001), 6 months (195 vs 175 PA minutes per day; adjusted difference, 20.8 [95% CI, 10.0-31.6]; P < .001), and 12 months (195 vs 168 PA minutes per day; adjusted difference, 27.5 [95% CI, 16.2-38.8]; P < .001) after the intervention. Compared with participants who did not receive interventions with intrapersonal BCS components, participants who received intrapersonal BCSs exhibited no significant changes in total PA at 1 week (192 vs 190 PA minutes per day; adjusted difference, 1.8 [95% CI, -8.6 to 12.2]; P = .73), 6 months (183 vs 187 PA minutes per day; adjusted difference, -3.9 [95% CI, -15.0 to 7.1]; P = .49), or 12 months (177 vs 186 PA minutes per day; adjusted difference, -8.8 [95% CI, -20.5 to 2.9]; P = .14) after the intervention. Interactions between intrapersonal and interpersonal BCSs were not significant. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, older adults with low levels of PA who received interpersonal BCSs, the exercise program, and a PA monitor exhibited significant increases in their PA for up to 12 months after the intervention. Intrapersonal BCSs elicited no significant PA changes and did not interact with interpersonal BCSs. Our findings suggest that because effects of a PA intervention on sustained increases in older adults' PA were augmented with interpersonal but not intrapersonal BCSs, approaches to disseminating and implementing the intervention should be considered. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03326141.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth A. Lewis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Weihua Guan
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | | | - Jean F. Wyman
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Tan You Mei C, Seah Si Ying S, Yanshan DL, Koh SV, Karthikeyan G, Xia Jiawen O, Low XL, Quek HY, Ong Shuyi A, Low LL, Aw J. Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia among older adults in a post-acute hospital in Singapore. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291702. [PMID: 38285652 PMCID: PMC10824417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is common in older adults worldwide, but its prevalence varies widely owing to differences in diagnostic criteria, population sampled, and care setting. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in patients aged 65 and above admitted to a post-acute hospital in Singapore. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 400 patients recruited from a community hospital in Singapore. Data including socio-demographics, physical activity, nutritional status, cognition, clinical and functional status, as well as anthropometric measurements were collected. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria [AWGS2019]. RESULTS Of the 383 patients with complete datasets, overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 54% while prevalence of severe sarcopenia was 38.9%. Participants with increased age, male gender and a low physical activity level were more likely to be sarcopenic, while those with higher hip circumference and higher BMI of ≥27.5m/kg2 were less likely to be sarcopenic. Other than the above-mentioned variables, cognitive impairment was also associated with severe sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS More than 1 in 2 older adults admitted to a post-acute hospital in Singapore are sarcopenic. There is an urgent need to address this important clinical syndrome burden and to identify patients at risk of sarcopenia in post-acute settings in Singapore for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Tan You Mei
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care Department, Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharna Seah Si Ying
- Research and Translational Innovation Office, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Doris Lim Yanshan
- Rehabilitation Department, Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Van Koh
- Rehabilitation Department, Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ganeshan Karthikeyan
- Rehabilitation Department, Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olivia Xia Jiawen
- Research and Translational Innovation Office, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuan Lin Low
- Department of Health and Social Science, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Yi Quek
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Ong Shuyi
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care Department, Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lian Leng Low
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care Department, Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junjie Aw
- Post-Acute and Continuing Care Department, Outram Community Hospital, SingHealth Community Hospitals, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Olsson Möller U, Zingmark M, Ekstrand J, Haak M. The Content of Physiotherapy and Factors Impacting on Reablement - A National Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3075-3088. [PMID: 37881528 PMCID: PMC10596052 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s415112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Reablement is a multidisciplinary intervention aimed at promoting function and independence for people with functional decline. Detailed descriptions of various professions' actions are needed for organization and evaluation of reablement services. This study describes physiotherapy practice in a reablement context in Swedish municipalities, focusing on the content and magnitude of interventions. Methods Physiotherapists (n=108) from 34 municipalities answered a web-based survey covering the target group, content and duration of their actions, and number of contacts initiated over a 3-week period. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. Results Overall, 1005 cases were reported, with a mean age of 78.9 years (SD: 11.7); about 91% (n=912) were aged ≥65 and 61% (n=612) were women. About 70% were allocated to home care; 16% (n=160) of these had minor functional limitations (eg, needing safety alarms/help with domestic tasks), and 55% (n=550) had major functional limitations (eg, needing help with personal activities of daily living). The most reported actions were providing technical aids (60.8%, n=576), instructions/counseling (41.5%, n=393), walking/climbing stairs (27.6%, n=262), strength training (27.2%, n=258), and fall prevention (25.5%, n=242). Almost half of the cases included one action (n=494) and about 89% (n=890) targeted primary needs (body functions, walking indoors, self-care, or domestic life), mainly in clients with major functional limitations (odds ratio=2.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.95-4.49). About 50% (n=517) of the cases involved 1-2 contacts; about 55% (n=549) were completed within 3 weeks. Exercise was associated with ≥6 visits over ≥7 weeks. Supervision of home care staff was performed in 19.1% (n=181) of cases. Conclusion Reablement physiotherapy mostly comprises a few actions over a relatively short period. Whether this is a conscious strategy based on the purpose of home-based physiotherapy or clients' needs and wishes, or conversely an expression of limited resources, remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Olsson Möller
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Zingmark
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Health and Social Care Administration, Municipality of Östersund, Östersund, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Ekstrand
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Maria Haak
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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11
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Glasson L, Panter J, Ogilvie D, Patterson R. The physical activity implications of retirement across occupational activity groups. Prev Med 2023; 173:107570. [PMID: 37315902 PMCID: PMC7614714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Retirement is an important later life transition which may represent a critical period for physical activity in older age. Past findings on the association between retirement and physical activity are inconclusive and there is some evidence that the physical activity implications of retirement may differ by occupational activity level. This study used data from waves 4-9 (June 2008-July 2019) of the English Longitudinal Study on Aging to evaluate whether there is an association between retirement and physical activity, and whether this varies across occupational activity groups. Retirement was associated with a significant increase in physical activity (n = 10,693; β: 0.602 METhrs/wk. [95% CI: 0.490, 0.713], p < 0.001). There were significant interactions between retirement and past occupational activity level (n = 5109; X2 (3)=32.59, p < 0.001), such that people retiring from sedentary or standing occupations experienced a significant increase in physical activity with retirement but retirement from an occupation involving heavy manual labour was associated with a decrease in physical activity. This study quantified the importance of retirement for later life physical activity. With demographic aging, the population health importance of later life physical activity will likely become more important. These findings should inform the design of public health interventions to increase physical activity around the retirement transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Glasson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Ogilvie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Patterson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Middleton G, Hambrook R, Bishop DC, Crust L, Broom DR. Examining the New-Member Effect to an Established Community-Based Physical Activity Program for Older Adults in England. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6161. [PMID: 37372748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Community-based group physical activity programs promote exercise opportunities for older people. The aim of this study was to examine the short-term, new participant effect after joining Vitality, a community-based group physical activity program available in the East of England for older adults. Two independent groups of participants were assessed before and after an 8 week period: a group recruited from the 'Vitality' program (VP) (n 15, age: Age = 69.4 ± 6.4 y), and; a non-intervention control (CON) group (n 14, age: 64.5 ± 5.8 y). Assessment outcomes included basic physical health measures, a fitness test battery, and three psychological scales. The VP group recorded statistically significant improvements on the following outcomes: body mass (VP: -1.39 kg/CON: -0.2 kg), body mass index (VP: -1.5 kg/CON: -0.2 kg), 6 min walk (VP: +42.81 m/CON: -0.45 m), 30 s sit-to-stand (VP: -1.7 s/CON: -0.7 s), the chair sit-and-reach (VP: +3.12 cm/CON: +1.90 cm), and the 30 s arm curl test (VP: + 2 reps/CON: +0.9 reps). No significant differences were found with the other outcomes assessed. New members to the Vitality program achieved several physical and functional benefits without regression on any aspects of physical or psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff Middleton
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Robyn Hambrook
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Daniel C Bishop
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Lee Crust
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Social Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - David R Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
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13
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Barbosa A, Brito J, Figueiredo P, Seabra A, Ding D, Mendes R. How much does it cost to implement a community-based walking football programme for patients with type 2 diabetes? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001549. [PMID: 37304893 PMCID: PMC10254688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The current study analysed the implementation costs of a community-based walking football exercise programme for patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The direct costs of a community-based walking football programme for middle-aged and older male patients with type 2 diabetes, designed and tested in Porto (Portugal), were calculated from the payer's perspective. One season of this programme consists of three sessions per week (60 min per session) for nine months (October to June). Cost calculations were based on two groups of 20 patients and included the sports infrastructure and equipment, human resources, pre-exercise clinical evaluation, medical equipment, technical training and other consumable costs. An economic depreciation of 1 year using the linear method for sports and electronic materials was considered. Cost analysis dated December 2021 and is expressed in international dollars ($). Results This programme was estimated to have a total implementation cost of $22 923.07; $2547.01/month; $573.08/patient; $106.13/session; $63.68/patient/month and $5.31/patient/session. Conclusion A community-based walking football programme for patients with type 2 diabetes is affordable and can be scaled up by local communities to promote physical activity and manage type 2 diabetes with the involvement of multiple stakeholders such as the football clubs, municipalities and primary healthcare units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barbosa
- EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - André Seabra
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Desporto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Romeu Mendes
- EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto Instituto de Saúde Pública, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- ACES Douro I — Marão e Douro Norte, Administração Regional de Saúde do Norte, Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Tiedemann A, Sherrington C, Bauman A, Ding D. Supporting physical activity in an ageing world: a call for action. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 35:100546. [PMID: 37424677 PMCID: PMC10326686 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tiedemann
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Cathie Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Cuadra G, Oliveira JS, Pinheiro MB, Tiedemann A, Sherrington C, Pivotto L, Khalatbari-Soltani S, Sharma S, Costa N. Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Aged 60+ Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. J Phys Act Health 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37080543 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most reviews investigating physical activity interventions for older people consider evidence primarily from high-income countries. This review examined physical activity interventions for older people from low- and middle-income countries. METHODS We searched 9 electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized trials studies investigating physical activity interventions for people aged 60+ in low- and middle-income countries. Following study selection, one reviewer extracted relevant data. A second reviewer double-checked the data extraction of a randomly selected sample of interventions (20%). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS We included 234 studies from 19 countries, investigating 259 distinct physical activity interventions. Studies were mostly conducted in upper middle-income countries (89%), often assessing physical activity interventions through randomized controlled trials (82%). Most studies investigated a mixed population in terms of sex (68%), with a mean age between 65 and 70 years (36%), not selected on the basis of having a specific health condition (55%). The intervention most commonly investigated was structured exercise (63%) and "no intervention" was the most frequent comparator (47%). The outcomes measured more often were intrinsic capacity (59%) and functional ability (51%), whereas physical activity, falls, and social outcomes were rare. Only 2 studies targeted underserved populations. CONCLUSION Although we identified a substantial number of randomized controlled trials, most evidence for physical activity interventions for older people in low- and middle-income countries is limited to upper middle-income countries. Gaps identified included interventions targeting populations with underserved backgrounds, using sport as an intervention, and assessing the impact of physical activity interventions on physical activity, falls, and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cuadra
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
| | - Juliana S Oliveira
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Marina B Pinheiro
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Luiza Pivotto
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
| | - Saman Khalatbari-Soltani
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Aging Research (CEPAR), University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
| | - Sweekriti Sharma
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney,Australia
| | - Nathalia Costa
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney,Australia
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16
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Wahabi H, Fayed AA, Shata Z, Esmaeil S, Alzeidan R, Saeed E, Amer Y, Titi M, Bahkali K, Hneiny L. The Impact of Age, Gender, Temporality, and Geographical Region on the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Saudi Arabia: Scope of Evidence. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081143. [PMID: 37107976 PMCID: PMC10137821 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this scoping review are to estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the Saudi community and in different age groups, genders, and geographical location, in addition to the change in prevalence over time. METHODS This scoping review of evidence was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The population of this review was categorized into four age groups: young adults (18-25 years), adults (26-45), (mid-life adults) (46-60) and old people (60+). Each group was then categorized by gender into males and females. We included studies of adults aged 18 years and above. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight of the population, based on BMI, was estimated after stratification based on the age, gender, and geographical area. In addition, the change in the prevalence of obesity/overweight over time from 2011 to 2021 was investigated from the pooled data. The Metaprop program in Stata was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 39 studies with 640,952 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of obesity and overweight in the age group of ≤25 years old, including both genders, was 30%. However, it was higher in young males (40%) compared to young females (25%). The prevalence of obesity and overweight among young adults has dropped by over 40% between 2012 and 2021. The overall pooled prevalence rate of obesity and overweight in the age groups >25 years old (adults, mid-life, and old people), including both genders, was 66%, with similar prevalence among males (68%) and females (71%). In addition, a similar prevalence was observed among both adult and old people (62% and 65%, respectively), but was higher in the mid-life group (76%). Furthermore, mid-life women had the highest prevalence among all groups (87%), compared to 77% among males in the same age group. The same difference in prevalence between the gender persisted in older females compared to older males (79% vs. 65%, respectively). There is a noticeable drop in the pooled prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults > 25 years old of over 28% between 2011 and 2021. There was no difference in the prevalence of obesity/overweight by geographical region. CONCLUSIONS Despite the noticeable drop in the prevalence of obesity in the Saudi community, the prevalence of high BMI is high in Saudi Arabia irrespective of age, gender, or geographical location. Mid-life women have the highest prevalence of high BMI, which makes them the focus of a tailored strategy for intervention. Further research is needed to investigate which are the most effective interventions to address obesity in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayfaa Wahabi
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amel A Fayed
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab Shata
- High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Samia Esmaeil
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasmieh Alzeidan
- College of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshazaly Saeed
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Abdullah Bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Research Chair, Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Amer
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Corporate Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Titi
- Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Corporate Quality Management Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawater Bahkali
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Department of Public Health Intelligence, Public Health Authority, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layal Hneiny
- Wegner Health Sciences Library, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57069, USA
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17
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Cammisuli DM, Franzoni F, Fusi J, Scarfò G, Castelnuovo G. Engagement in a structured physical activity program and its effects upon health-related quality of life in elderly women: An observational study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1135433. [PMID: 37034950 PMCID: PMC10075252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1135433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process associated with an impairment in functional capacity and low health-related quality of life (HRQoL) due to a high frequency of chronic diseases in the elderly population. Regular physical activity (PA) may limit some physiological effects of sedentary lifestyle and increase life expectancy. An observational was conducted to measure the HRQoL among older adults living in the community, by comparing a convenience sample of elderly females practicing a structured program of PA from 2 to 3 times per week in 60-min sessions (i.e., active females, AFs) to a sample of participants adopting lifestyle behaviors expending little energy (i.e., sedentary females, SFs). A validated questionnaire (the RAND 36-item) was used as outcome measure. All participants were assessed in terms of cognitive status (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) to exclude mild cognitive impairment, divided attention/executive functioning (Trail Making Test, Stroop Test) and psychopathological dimensions of anxiety (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, GAI), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS). Non-parametric analysis revealed that AFs and SFs differed significantly in the RAND Energy/Fatigue (E/F), Emotional Wellbeing (EW), and Social Functioning (SoF), that was however influenced by education level. Moreover, E/F and EW were negatively associated to anxiety and depression, while SoF was influenced by divided attention. PA results in a healthful behavior for combating feelings of fatigue and low energy as well as emotional distress that can affect health status perception in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University, Milan, Italy
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Jacob L, Gyasi RM, Oh H, Smith L, Kostev K, López Sánchez GF, Rahmati M, Haro JM, Tully MA, Shin JI, Yon DK, Koyanagi A. Leisure-time physical activity and sarcopenia among older adults from low- and middle-income countries. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1130-1138. [PMID: 36872652 PMCID: PMC10067478 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no data on the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sarcopenia in older adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate the association between LTPA and sarcopenia in individuals aged ≥65 years living in six LMICs. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa) were analysed. Sarcopenia referred to the presence of both low skeletal muscle mass and weak handgrip strength. LTPA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and was analysed as a dichotomized variable [high LTPA (>150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous LTPA) or low LTPA (≤150 min/week)]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. RESULTS There were 14 585 individuals included in this study [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% women]. The prevalence of high LTPA and sarcopenia was 8.9% and 12.0%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, low LTPA was significantly associated with higher odds for sarcopenia [prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-2.65] compared with high LTPA. Significant associations were found in women (POR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.82-5.68) but not in men (POR = 1.52, 95% CI = 0.99-2.35). CONCLUSIONS A positive and significant association between low LTPA and sarcopenia was found among older adults from LMICs. The promotion of LTPA among older adults in LMICs may aid in the prevention of sarcopenia, especially among females, pending future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Razak M Gyasi
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.,National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Pinheiro MB, Howard K, Oliveira JS, Kwok WS, Tiedemann A, Wang B, Taylor J, Bauman A, Sherrington C. Cost-effectiveness of physical activity programs and services for older adults: a scoping review. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7078344. [PMID: 36934340 PMCID: PMC10024893 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supporting physical activity for older adults is strongly positive. Implementation and scale-up of these interventions need to consider the value for money. This scoping review aimed to assess the volume of (i) systematic review evidence regarding economic evaluations of physical activity interventions, and (ii) of cost utility analysis (CUA) studies (trial- or model-based) of physical activity interventions for older people. METHODS We searched five databases (January 2010 to February 2022) for systematic reviews of economic evaluations, and two databases (1976 to February 2022) for CUA studies of physical activity interventions for any population of people aged 60+ years. RESULTS We found 12 potential reviews, two of which were eligible for inclusion. The remaining 10 reviews included eligible individual studies that were included in this review. All individual studies from the 12 reviews (n = 37) investigated the cost-effectiveness of structured exercise and most showed the intervention was more costly but more effective than no intervention. We identified 27 CUA studies: two investigated a physical activity promotion program and the remainder investigated structured exercise. Most interventions (86%) were more costly but more effective, and the remaining were cost-saving compared to no intervention. CONCLUSIONS There is a scarcity of reviews investigating the value for money of physical activity interventions for older adults. Most studies investigated structured exercise. Physical activity interventions were generally more effective than no intervention but more costly. As such an intervention could be cost-effective and therefore worthy of wider implementation, but there is a need for more frequent economic evaluation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana S Oliveira
- Sydney Local Health District, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wing S Kwok
- Sydney Local Health District, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney Local Health District, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Wang
- Sydney Local Health District, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Taylor
- Sydney Local Health District, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney Local Health District, Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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S Oliveira J, Gilbert S, Pinheiro MB, Tiedemann A, Macedo LB, Maia L, Kwok W, Hassett L, Sherrington C. Effect of sport on health in people aged 60 years and older: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:230-236. [PMID: 36450439 PMCID: PMC9933166 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise evidence of benefits of sport for health among people aged 60+. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database from inception to April 2021. STUDY SELECTION RCTs investigating the effect of sport on health-related outcomes in people aged 60+ compared with non-active control. DATA SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effect models. Standardised mean differences (SMD), and mean difference (MD) were calculated. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to assess the certainty of the evidence for analyses with ≥3 studies. RESULTS Nine trials (628 participants) reported in 15 articles were included. Participation in sport improved cardiorespiratory fitness (n=5 trials; SMD=0.43, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.70; low certainty evidence), physical function (n=4; SMD=0.62, 95% CI 0.05 to 1.18; very low certainty evidence), and mental health (n=2; SMD=0.28, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.51) and reduced fat mass (n=6; MD=-0.99 kg, 95% CI -1.75kg to -0.23 kg; low certainty evidence) among older people. We found no significant effects of sport on overall physical activity participation, strength, balance, lean mass and bone mineral density (BMD). One study investigating quality of life reported a positive, but non-significant effect of sport. CONCLUSION Sport may have a positive impact on health outcomes in people aged 60+. There was uncertainty on the effect of sport on strength, balance, lean mass and BMD. Further research is needed to investigate the optimal type and dose of sport to maximise the long-term benefits among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Oliveira
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Gilbert
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina B Pinheiro
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liane Brito Macedo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Laísa Maia
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Wing Kwok
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne Hassett
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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El Sayed AEHI, Said MT, Mohsen O, Abozied AM, Salama M. Falls and associated risk factors in a sample of old age population in Egyptian community. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1068314. [PMID: 36778572 PMCID: PMC9909230 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1068314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Falling is a major health problem among old age persons and are the sixth cause of mortality and morbidity among them. Assessing the prevalence of falls among elderly in an Egyptian community and investigating its associated risk factors using the Arabic translation of the SHARE-Questionnaire. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional analytic study was a part of the pilot for AL-SEHA project. It included 289 old age people (50+ years age) residing in the study areas. The main project data were collected using the Arabic translation of the SHARE (Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe) questionnaire. The original project data were collected by investigators from five universities, then uploaded to the internet server domain of the American University in Cairo (AUC) Social Research Center. Results The prevalence of falls was 11.07% (95% CI: 7.95-15.21). Falls were significantly more among 70 years or older (p < 0.001), unemployed or housewives (p = 0.026), have a family caregiver (p = 0.022), and home facilities for disability (p = 0.015). They had significantly higher rates of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. The most frequently reported problems were the fear of fall and dizziness (62.5%). The multivariate analysis identified the history of stroke and diabetes mellitus, the fear of fall and dizziness, and the total number of health problems and the score of difficulty in performing physical activities as significant independent predictors of fall occurrence. The history of stroke was the strongest risk factor (OR 33.49, CI: 3.45-325.40). Discussion and recommendations The prevalence of falls among old age persons in the studied community is not alarmingly high. It is highest among stroke patients. Community interventions and rehabilitation programs are recommended to train and educate old age people, especially those at risk such as stroke and diabetic patients, and those with dizziness to improve their physical fitness and reduce the fear of fall among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El Hamied Ibrahim El Sayed
- Department of Occupational Therapy, National Institute of Longevity Elderly Sciences NILES, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. Said
- Physical Therapy for Elderly, National Institute for Longevity Elderly Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Omnia Mohsen
- Medical Anthropology, National Institute of Longevity Elderly Sciences NILES, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Aziza M. Abozied
- Community Health Nursing, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE), The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Dakahleya, Egypt,Atlantic Senior Fellow for Equity in Brain Health at the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland,*Correspondence: Mohamed Salama ✉ ; ✉
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22
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Wong MYC, Ou KL, Chung PK, Chui KYK, Zhang CQ. The relationship between physical activity, physical health, and mental health among older Chinese adults: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 10:914548. [PMID: 36684983 PMCID: PMC9853435 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.914548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging Chinese population is growing fast, and the proportion of the population aged 60 years old is projected to reach 28% by 2040, estimated 402 million. With increased life expectancy, the aging population tends to suffer from health risks and diseases, which create a burden on public health policy. Hence, it is essential to promote healthy and active aging, which includes improving older adults' physical and mental capacities and advocating for the achievement of a healthy life expectancy. Despite the rapidly growing aging population in China, there have been no reviews investigating the effect of physical activity on physical and mental health among older Chinese adults. Therefore, the current study aimed to review studies from the past 15 years that illustrate the effect of physical activity on physical and mental health among Chinese older adults. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR), this review addresses the associations between physical activity, physical health and mental health among older Chinese adults. A total of 371 studies were included in the scoping review, which covered the relationships between physical activity, physical health and mental health variables. The scoping review also revealed the impact of various kinds of physical activity affecting older adults' physical health, such as functional fitness, body composition, fall risk and balance, and mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, cognitive function and quality of life. Moreover, studies have identified innovative forms of physical activity as emerging trends in physical activity interventions for older adults. To conclude, this scoping review captured the common effects between physical activity and overall wellbeing, including physical, mental, and cognitive health. Additionally, diverse forms of physical activity intervention, such as group-based and supervised individual interventions, should be supported, and cross-cultural exercise comparisons should be made in future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu Claudia Wong
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai-ling Ou
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Kwong Chung
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kei Yee Katie Chui
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Arkkukangas M, Strömqvist Bååthe K, Ekholm A, Tonkonogi M. Short Multicomponent Group Exercise Intervention Promotes Long-Term Physical Activity Habits among Community-Dwelling Older Adults during COVID-19 Restrictions: A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15140. [PMID: 36429859 PMCID: PMC9690656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether strength, balance, body mass index, falls self-efficacy, activity levels, self-rated health, and participation in a multicomponent exercise intervention could predict physical activity levels after 5 months of self-quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study included baseline data of 200 community-dwelling older adults (79% women, 21% men) with a mean age of 72 years who participated in a randomized controlled trial investigating a multicomponent exercise program, with 7-month follow-up survey data of their physical activity levels. The results showed significant associations with the activity levels at the 7-month follow-up. The activity levels (odds ratio (OR): 2.83, 95% CI: 1.20-6.71), the self-rated health score (2.80, 1.42-5.53), and being allocated to a specific multicomponent group-based exercise program (2.04, 1.04-4.00) showed a significant association with the activity habits at the 7-month follow-up. As this study suggests, besides the physical activity levels and the self-rated health score, participation in a high challenge multicomponent exercise program was significantly associated with physical activity levels at the 7-month follow-up. This study indicates that a relatively short multicomponent group exercise program (6-9 weeks) can motivate individuals to sustain their own training and activity levels even several months after the program has been paused or terminated. Identifying older adults' physical activity levels and self-rated health scores and prescribing multicomponent group-based exercise programs to promote sustained physical activity habits may be a successful alternative to provide for older adults in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arkkukangas
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Medicine and Sport Sciences, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Department of Physiotherapy, Mälardalen University, 721 23 Vasteras, Sweden
- Research and Development in Sörmland, Region Sörmland, 632 17 Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Karin Strömqvist Bååthe
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Medicine and Sport Sciences, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
| | - Anna Ekholm
- Research and Development in Sörmland, Region Sörmland, 632 17 Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Michail Tonkonogi
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Medicine and Sport Sciences, Dalarna University, 791 88 Falun, Sweden
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24
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Pinheiro MB, Sherrington C, Howard K, Caldwell P, Tiedemann A, Wang B, S Oliveira J, Santos A, Bull FC, Willumsen JF, Michaleff ZA, Ferguson S, Mayo E, Fairhall NJ, Bauman AE, Norris S. Economic evaluations of fall prevention exercise programs: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1353-1365. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate cost-effectiveness and costs of fall prevention exercise programmes for older adults.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, National Institute for Health Research Economic Evaluation Database, Health Technology Assessment database, Tufts Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, Research Papers in Economics and EconLit (inception to May 2022).Eligibility criteria for study selectionEconomic evaluations (trial-based or model-based) and costing studies investigating fall prevention exercise programmes versus no intervention or usual care for older adults living in the community or care facilities, and reporting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for fall-related outcomes or quality-adjusted life years (QALY, expressed as cost/QALY) and/or intervention costs.Results31 studies were included. For community-dwelling older adults (21 economic evaluations, 6 costing studies), results ranged from more effective and less costly (dominant) interventions up to an ICER of US$279 802/QALY gained and US$11 986/fall prevented (US$ in 2020). Assuming an arbitrary willingness-to-pay threshold (US$100 000/QALY), most results (17/24) were considered cost-effective (moderate certainty). The greatest value for money (lower ICER/QALY gained and fall prevented) appeared to accrue for older adults and those with high fall risk, but unsupervised exercise appeared to offer poor value for money (higher ICER/QALY). For care facilities (two economic evaluations, two costing studies), ICERs ranged from dominant (low certainty) to US$35/fall prevented (moderate certainty). Overall, intervention costs varied and were poorly reported.ConclusionsMost economic evaluations investigated fall prevention exercise programmes for older adults living in the community. There is moderate certainty evidence that fall prevention exercise programmes are likely to be cost-effective. The evidence for older adults living in care facilities is more limited but promising.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO 2020 CRD42020178023.
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25
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Lavoie A, Dubé V. Web-Based Interventions to Promote Healthy Lifestyles for Older Adults: Scoping Review. Interact J Med Res 2022; 11:e37315. [PMID: 35998024 PMCID: PMC9449830 DOI: 10.2196/37315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the aging of the population and rising rates of chronic diseases, web-based interventions could be considered to support older adults in adopting healthy lifestyles. To date, published knowledge syntheses have focused on quantitative studies among older adults aged ≥50 years. However, those aged ≥65 years may have different needs to be met by these interventions because of the biological and physiological changes associated with aging, and qualitative studies could help advance knowledge in this field. Objective The objective of this scoping review is to explore the extent of the literature on web-based interventions aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles among people aged ≥65 years. Methods A scoping review was conducted based on the framework proposed by Levac et al. Six databases (ie, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Joanna Briggs Library) and gray literature (ie, Google Scholar and OpenGrey) were searched. The final search was conducted on June 23, 2021. The studies were selected by 2 persons (AL and ML) independently. The included studies were systematic reviews and qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on web-based interventions to promote healthy lifestyles in people aged ≥65 years that were published in French or English between 1990 and 2021. Data were extracted in a table and synthesized based on the conceptualization of web-based interventions (ie, according to the use parameters, behavior change techniques, delivery modes, and theories). A thematic analysis was performed. Results In total, 20 articles were included in this review, which represents studies focused on 11 distinct interventions. All of the interventions (11/11, 100%) aimed to promote physical activity among older adults. The number of intervention sessions varied from 5 to 16, with a frequency from daily to once every 2 weeks. Diverse delivery modes such as electronic diary, video, and phone call were found. The most used behavior change techniques were instruction, feedback, and self-monitoring. Few interventions (6/11, 55%) were based on a theory. A favorable trend was observed in increasing physical activity, and 5 themes emerged that appeared to be central to behavior change among older adults: motivation, support, tailoring, barriers, and perceptions. Conclusions This scoping review provides a better understanding of the components of web-based interventions and their outcomes on the healthy lifestyles of people aged ≥65 years. These findings could provide important guidance for the design and development of future web-based interventions in this field. Further research is needed to continue the development and evaluation of innovative and accessible interventions to promote healthy lifestyles among older adults. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/23207
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lavoie
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Université de Montréal Marguerite-d'Youville Research Chair on Humanistic Nursing Interventions, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Dubé
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Université de Montréal Marguerite-d'Youville Research Chair on Humanistic Nursing Interventions, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kasović M, Štefan L, Kalčik Z. Acute Responses to Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscular Fitness and Flexibility by Sex and Age in Healthy War Veterans Aged 50-80 Years. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163436. [PMID: 36014943 PMCID: PMC9416708 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although evidence suggests that resistance training should be prescribed as a method to enhance or maintain physical fitness, these findings are mostly based on research on younger men. Studies investigating responses by sex and age to resistance training, especially in war veterans aged ≥50 years, are lacking. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to examine whether a 4-week resistance training program would have similar effects on body composition, muscular fitness, and flexibility in men and women aged 50−80 years. Methods: Seven-hundred and sixty-four participants were recruited and categorized into two groups each of men and women aged 50−64 and 65−80 years. The training intervention lasted 4 weeks and consisted of three 60 min sessions per week. All participants were tested for each of the following physical fitness components: body composition, push-ups in 30 s, chair-stands in 30 s, sit-ups in 30 s, and a sit-and-reach test. Results: Over the intervention period of 4 weeks, body weight (p = 0.002) and the percent of fat mass (p < 0.001) decreased, while the percent of lean mass (p < 0.001) in push-ups in 30 s (p < 0.001), chair-stands in 30 s (p < 0.001), sit-ups in 30 s (p < 0.001), and sit-and-reach (p < 0.001) increased. Significant time*age interactions were shown for push-ups in 30 s (F1,763 = 4.348, p = 0.038) and chair-stands in 30 s (F1,763 = 9.552, p = 0.002), where men and women aged 50−64 years exhibited larger time-induced changes compared to their older (65−80 yr) counterparts. Effect sizes were similar between sex- and age-specific groups. Conclusions: The 4-week resistance training produced similar pronounced positive effects on body composition, muscular fitness, and flexibility, while men and women aged 50−64 years displayed significantly larger improvements in upper and lower muscular fitness compared with their 65−80-year-old counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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27
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De Santis KK, Mergenthal L, Christianson L, Zeeb H. Digital Technologies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Older People: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37729. [PMID: 35862187 PMCID: PMC9353678 DOI: 10.2196/37729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technologies could contribute to health promotion and disease prevention. It is unclear if and how such digital technologies address the health needs of older people in nonclinical settings (ie, daily life). OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify digital technologies for health promotion and disease prevention that target the needs of older people in nonclinical settings by performing a scoping review of the published literature. The scoping review is guided by the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. METHODS Our scoping review follows the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The information sources are bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and SCOPUS) and bibliographies of any included systematic reviews. Manual searches for additional studies will be performed in Google Scholar and most relevant journals. The electronic search strategy was developed in collaboration with a librarian who performed the search for studies on digital technologies for health promotion and disease prevention targeting the needs of older people. Study selection and data coding will be performed independently by 2 authors. Consensus will be reached by discussion. Eligibility is based on the PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) criteria as follows: (1) older people (population); (2) any digital (health) technology, such as websites, smartphone apps, or wearables (concept); and (3) health promotion and disease prevention in nonclinical (daily life, home, or community) settings (context). Primary studies with any design or reviews with a systematic methodology published in peer-reviewed academic journals will be included. Data items will address study designs, PCC criteria, benefits or barriers related to digital technology use by older people, and evidence gaps. Data will be synthesized using descriptive statistics or narratively described by identifying common themes. Quality appraisal will be performed for any included systematic reviews, using a validated instrument for this study type (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews, version 2 [AMSTAR2]). RESULTS Following preliminary literature searches to test and calibrate the search syntax, the electronic literature search was performed in March 2022 and manual searches were completed in June 2022. Study selection based on titles and abstracts was completed in July 2022, and the full-text screen was initiated in July 2022. CONCLUSIONS Our scoping review will identify the types of digital technologies, health targets in the context of health promotion and disease prevention, and health benefits or barriers associated with the use of such technologies for older people in nonclinical settings. This knowledge could guide further research on how digital technologies can support healthy aging. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/37729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Karolina De Santis
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Leibniz-Science Campus Digital Public Health Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lea Mergenthal
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lara Christianson
- Department of Administration, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Leibniz-Science Campus Digital Public Health Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty 11 Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Pinheiro MB, Oliveira JS, Baldwin JN, Hassett L, Costa N, Gilchrist H, Wang B, Kwok W, Albuquerque BS, Pivotto LR, Carvalho-Silva APMC, Sharma S, Gilbert S, Bauman A, Bull FC, Willumsen J, Sherrington C, Tiedemann A. Impact of physical activity programs and services for older adults: a rapid review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:87. [PMID: 35836187 PMCID: PMC9284866 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of which physical activity programs are most effective for older adults in different sub-populations and contexts is limited. The objectives of this rapid review were to: 1) Overview evidence evaluating physical activity programs/services for older adults; and 2) Describe impact on physical activity, falls, intrinsic capacity (physical domain), functional ability (physical, social, and cognitive/emotional domains), and quality of life. Methods We conducted a rapid review of primary studies from 350 systematic reviews identified in a previous scoping review (March 2021: PEDro, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database). For Objective 1, we included intervention studies investigating physical activity programs/services in adults ≥ 60 years. Of these, we included good quality (≥ 6/10 PEDro scale) randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with ≥ 50 participants per group in Objective 2. Results Objective 1: Of the 1421 intervention studies identified from 8267 records, 79% were RCTs, 87% were in high income countries and 39% were good quality. Objective 2: We identified 87 large, good quality RCTs (26,861 participants). Overall activity promotion, structured exercise and recreation/sport had positive impacts (≥ 50% between-group comparisons positive) across all outcome domains. For overall activity promotion (21 intervention groups), greatest impacts were on physical activity (100% positive) and social outcomes (83% positive). Structured exercise (61 intervention groups) had particularly strong impacts on falls (91% positive), intrinsic capacity (67% positive) and physical functioning (77% positive). Recreation/sport (24 intervention groups) had particularly strong impacts on cognitive/emotional functioning (88% positive). Multicomponent exercise (39 intervention groups) had strong impacts across all outcomes, particularly physical activity (95% positive), falls (90% positive) and physical functioning (81% positive). Results for different populations and settings are presented. Conclusion Evidence supporting physical activity for older adults is positive. We outline which activity types are most effective in different populations and settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01318-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina B Pinheiro
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Juliana S Oliveira
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer N Baldwin
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leanne Hassett
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathalia Costa
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Heidi Gilchrist
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Belinda Wang
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wing Kwok
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruna S Albuquerque
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luiza R Pivotto
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ana Paula M C Carvalho-Silva
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sweekriti Sharma
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven Gilbert
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona C Bull
- Physical Activity Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Division of Universal Health Coverage and Healthier Populations, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juana Willumsen
- Physical Activity Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Division of Universal Health Coverage and Healthier Populations, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia. .,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Swan L, Horgan NF, Cummins V, Burton E, Galvin R, Skelton DA, Townley B, Doyle F, Jabakhanji SB, Sorensen J, Rooney D, Murphy L, Warters A, O’Sullivan M. Embedding Physical Activity Within Community Home Support Services for Older Adults in Ireland – A Qualitative Study of Barriers and Enablers. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:223-234. [PMID: 35299723 PMCID: PMC8922314 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s351431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Ireland, over 55,000 older adults are supported in their community by formal home support, amounting to an estimated 23 million care hours annually. There is a growing need to move beyond care, to more proactive approaches to maintain physical function. In a feasibility study, we delivered the “Care to Move” (CTM) program through existing home support services. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experience and perceptions of Health Care Assistants (HCAs), who were trained in and delivered the CTM program. Methods We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 22 HCAs [mean age 49.0 ± 10.7 years and female 21/22] involved in the delivery of the program with older adults [n = 35, mean age 82.8 (7.8) years]. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically to capture barriers and enablers to program delivery. Results Barriers and enablers were identified under three themes i) the CTM approach ii) the home support setting, iii) older adults and physical activity, with iv) delivering care in a crisis and v) future directions further identified. Overall, there was a positive perception of the program’s focus on “movement prompts and motivators”, the “fit” within home support services, and the training provided. Practical challenges of limited time and the task-orientated nature of home support were reported as recurring barriers for CTM. Many HCAs commented on the value and perceived positive benefits of the program for their clients. Though negative perceptions of older adults’ motivation or ability to engage with physical activity were noted. Risk, such as injury or pain, was identified but was not a dominant theme. Conclusion Our findings suggest that embedding physical activity initiatives within home support services could be feasible. Restructuring of services, engaging HCAs, and moving beyond traditional “task-oriented” care models to more personalised proactive approaches may facilitate this initiative and support aging in place. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/p10cN5fwsHo
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Swan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- North Dublin Home Care (NDHC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Frances Horgan
- School of Physiotherapy, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vanda Cummins
- Primary Care Physiotherapy Services CHO9, Health Service Executive (HSE), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rose Galvin
- School of Allied Health, Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
- Later Life Training, Killin, UK
| | | | - Frank Doyle
- Department of Health Psychology, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samira B Jabakhanji
- Healthcare Outcomes Research Centre (HORC), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan Sorensen
- Healthcare Outcomes Research Centre (HORC), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lisa Murphy
- North Dublin Home Care (NDHC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Austin Warters
- Older Person Services CHO9, Health Service Executive (HSE), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria O’Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: Maria O’Sullivan, Email
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Prevalence, Sociodemographic, and Health Correlates of Insufficient Physical Activity and High Sedentary Behavior Among Older Adults in Singapore. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 30:922-935. [PMID: 35203055 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We determined the prevalence and correlates of insufficient physical activity and high sedentary behavior among a nationally representative sample of 2,240 older adults (≥60 years) in Singapore. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, administered through face-to-face interviews, assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior. Logistic regression identified the correlates of insufficient physical activity (<600 metabolic equivalent of task minutes/week) and high sedentary behavior (>7 hr/day). The prevalence of insufficient physical activity and high sedentary behavior was 33.7% and 17.3%, respectively. Those older, females, Malays, residing in smaller housing, living with child but no spouse, with functional limitations and sensory impairments (vision/hearing) were more likely to have insufficient physical activity whereas those with tertiary education had lower odds. High sedentary behavior was more likely among those older, with secondary education, preobesity/obesity, and with functional limitations. While policies should encourage all older adults to be physically active, at-risk subgroups identified in our study merit greater attention.
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Jovanovic M, Mitrov G, Zdravevski E, Lameski P, Colantonio S, Kampel M, Tellioglu H, Florez-Revuelta F. Ambient Assisted Living: A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence Models, Domains, Technology and Concerns (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e36553. [DOI: 10.2196/36553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Monteagudo P, Cordellat A, Roldán A, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pesce C, Blasco-Lafarga C. Exploring Potential Benefits of Accumulated Multicomponent-Training in Non-Active Older Adults: From Physical Fitness to Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9645. [PMID: 34574570 PMCID: PMC8469847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the impact of a multicomponent training (MCT) program in a group of non-active older adults, comparing two different dose distributions. Twenty-four individuals, assigned to two groups, completed 15 weeks of MCT (2 days/week). The continuous group (CMCT; n = 14, 9 females; 71.07 ± 5.09 years) trained for 60 min/session in the morning. The accumulated group (AMCT; n = 10, 5 females; 72.70 ± 3.59 years) performed the same exercises, volume, and intensity, but the training was distributed twice per day (30 min in the morning; 30 more in the afternoon). Bonferroni post hoc comparisons revealed significant (p < 0.001) and similar large improvements in both groups in lower limb strength (five times sit-to-stand test: CMCT, 12.55 ± 2.83 vs. 9.44 ± 1.72 s; AMCT, 10.37 ± 2.35 vs. 7.46 ± 1.75 s). In addition, there were large gains in preferred walking speed and instrumental daily life activities, which were higher for CMCT and AMCT, respectively (in this order: 1.00 ± 0.18 vs. 1.44 ± 0.26 m/s and 1.09 ± 0.80 vs. 1.58 ± 0.18 m/s; 33.07 ± 2.88 vs. 36.57 ± 1.65 points and 32.80 ± 1.93 vs. 36.80 ± 0.92 points); improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, now moderate for CMCT (474.14 ± 93.60 vs. 529.64 ± 82.76 m) and large for AMCT (515.10 ± 20.24 vs. 589.60 ± 40.38 m); and medium and similar enhancements in agility in both groups (TUG test: CMCT: 7.49 ± 1.11 vs. 6.77 ± 1.16 s; AMCT: 6.84 ± 1.01 vs. 6.18 ± 0.62 s). None of the protocols had an impact on the executive function, whereas health-related quality of life showed a trend to significance in the whole sample only (EQindex overall sample, p = 0.062; d = 0.48 CMCT; d = 0.34 AMCT). Regardless of the type of dose distribution, starting multicomponent training improves physical function in non-active older adults, but does not improve cognitive function at mid-term. Because both forms of MCT showed similar compliance, slightly positive differences in accumulated strategies may indicate some benefits related to breaking afternoon sedentary behaviors, which deserves further research in longer and larger interventions. The mixed nature of MCT suggests accumulative group interventions may be a promising approach to address sedentary aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Monteagudo
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Department of Education and Specific Didactics, Jaume I University, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Ana Cordellat
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ainoa Roldán
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Blasco-Lafarga
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Physical Education and Sports Department, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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