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Chen CC, Ke CH, Wu CH, Lee HF, Chao Y, Tsai MC, Shyue SK, Chen SF. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 inhibition reduces brain damage by suppressing neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13244. [PMID: 38308041 PMCID: PMC11328348 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a complex sequence of apoptotic cascades and inflammatory responses, leading to neurological impairment. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel with high calcium permeability, has been implicated in neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses. This study used a mouse ICH model and neuronal cultures to examine whether TRPV1 activation exacerbates brain damage and neurological deficits by promoting neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation. ICH was induced by injecting collagenase in both wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and TRPV1-/- mice. Capsaicin (CAP; a TRPV1 agonist) or capsazepine (a TRPV1 antagonist) was administered by intracerebroventricular injection 30 min before ICH induction in WT mice. The effects of genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 using CAP or capsazepine on motor deficits, histological damage, apoptotic responses, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and neuroinflammatory reactions were explored. The antiapoptotic mechanisms and calcium influx induced by TRPV1 inactivation were investigated in cultured hemin-stimulated neurons. TRPV1 expression was upregulated in the hemorrhagic brain, and TRPV1 was expressed in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes after ICH. Genetic deletion of TRPV1 significantly attenuated motor deficits and brain atrophy for up to 28 days. Deletion of TRPV1 also reduced brain damage, neurodegeneration, microglial activation, cytokine expression, and cell apoptosis at 1 day post-ICH. Similarly, the administration of CAP ameliorated brain damage, neurodegeneration, brain edema, BBB permeability, and cytokine expression at 1 day post-ICH. In primary neuronal cultures, pharmacological inactivation of TRPV1 by CAP attenuated neuronal vulnerability to hemin-induced injury, suppressed apoptosis, and preserved mitochondrial integrity in vitro. Mechanistically, CAP reduced hemin-stimulated calcium influx and prevented the phosphorylation of CaMKII in cultured neurons, which was associated with reduced activation of P38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Our results suggest that TRPV1 inhibition may be a potential therapy for ICH by suppressing mitochondria-related neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hua Ke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Fu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan Chao
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Min-Chien Tsai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Li S, Song H, Sun Y, Sun Y, Zhang H, Gao Z. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic approach for blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Biochimie 2024; 223:13-22. [PMID: 38531484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective semi-permeable structure that regulates the exchange of biomolecules between the peripheral blood and the central nervous system (CNS). Due to its specialized tight junctions and low vesicle trafficking, the BBB strictly limits the paracellular passage and transcellular transport of molecules to maintain the physiological condition of brain tissues. BBB breakdown is associated with many CNS disorders. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a hydrolase enzyme that converts epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs) to their corresponding diols and is involved in the onset and progression of multiple diseases. EpFAs play a protective role in the central nervous system via preventing neuroinflammation, making sEH a potential therapeutic target for CNS diseases. Recent studies showed that sEH inhibition prevented BBB impairment caused by stroke, hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, hyperglycemia and sepsis via regulating the expression of tight junctions. In this review, the protective actions of sEH inhibition on BBB and potential mechanisms are summarized, and some important questions that remain to be resolved are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huijia Song
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Qin Y, Liu Q, Wang S, Wang Q, Du Y, Yao J, Chen Y, Yang Q, Wu Y, Liu S, Zhao M, Wei G, Yang L. Santacruzamate A Alleviates Pain and Pain-Related Adverse Emotions through the Inhibition of Microglial Activation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1002-1012. [PMID: 38633586 PMCID: PMC11019733 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex disease. It seriously affects patients' quality of life and imposes a significant economic burden on society. Santacruzamate A (SCA) is a natural product isolated from marine cyanobacteria in Panama. In this study, we first demonstrated that SCA could alleviate chronic inflammatory pain, pain-related anxiety, and depression emotions induced by complete Freund's adjuvant in mice while inhibiting microglial activation in the anterior cingulate cortex. Moreover, SCA treatment attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response by downregulating interleukin 1β and 6 (IL-1β and IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in BV2 cells. Furthermore, we found that SCA could bind to soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) through molecular docking technology, and the thermal stability of sEH was enhanced after binding of SCA to the sEH protein. Meanwhile, we identified that SCA could reduce the sEH enzyme activity and inhibit sEH protein overexpression in the LPS stimulation model. The results indicated that SCA could alleviate the development of inflammation by inhibiting the enzyme activity and expression of sEH to further reduce chronic inflammatory pain. Our study suggested that SCA could be a potential drug for treating chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qinhui Wang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yaya Du
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Jingyue Yao
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air
Force Medical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Shuibing Liu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Air
Force Medical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Gaofei Wei
- Institute
of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Le Yang
- Precision
Pharmacy and Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710038, China
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Griñán‐Ferré C, Jarné‐Ferrer J, Bellver‐Sanchís A, Codony S, Puigoriol‐Illamola D, Sanfeliu C, Oh Y, Lee S, Vázquez S, Pallàs M. Novel molecular mechanism driving neuroprotection after soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition: Insights for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14511. [PMID: 37905690 PMCID: PMC11017401 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is widely recognized as a significant hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To combat neuroinflammation, the inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme has been demonstrated crucial. Importantly, sEH inhibition could be related to other neuroprotective pathways described in AD. AIMS The aim of the study was to unveil new molecular pathways driving neuroprotection through sEH, we used an optimized, potent, and selective sEH inhibitor (sEHi, UB-SCG-51). MATERIALS AND METHODS UB-SCG-51 was tested in neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, in primary mouse and human astrocytes cultures challenged with proinflammatory insults and in microglia cultures treated with amyloid oligomers, as well as in mice AD model (5XFAD). RESULTS UB-SCG-51 (10 and 30 μM) prevented neurotoxic reactive-astrocyte conversion in primary mouse astrocytes challenged with TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q (T/I/C) combination for 24 h. Moreover, in microglial cultures, sEHi reduced inflammation and glial activity. In addition, UB-SCG-51 rescued 5XFAD cognitive impairment, reducing the number of Amyloid-β plaques and Tau hyperphosphorylation accompanied by a reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptotic markers. Notably, a transcriptional profile analysis revealed a new pathway modulated by sEHi treatment. Specifically, the eIF2α/CHOP pathway, which promoted the endoplasmic reticulum response, was increased in the 5XFAD-treated group. These findings were confirmed in human primary astrocytes by combining sEHi and eIF2α inhibitor (eIF2αi) treatment. Besides, combining both treatments resulted in increased in C3 gene expression after T/I/C compared with the group treated with sEHi alone in cultures. DISCUSSION Therefore, sEHi rescued cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in AD mice model, based on the reduction of inflammation and eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In whole, our results support the concept that targeting neuroinflammation through sEH inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy to fight against Alzheimer's disease with additive and/or synergistic activities targeting neuroinflammation and cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán‐Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Júlia Jarné‐Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Aina Bellver‐Sanchís
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Dolors Puigoriol‐Illamola
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Yumin Oh
- Neuraly Inc.MarylandGaithersburgUSA
| | | | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Wu Q, Jiang N, Wang Y, Song G, Li P, Fang Y, Xu L, Wang W, Xie M. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (TPPU) alleviates ferroptosis by regulating CCL5 after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116301. [PMID: 38377737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition has been shown multiple beneficial effects against brain injuries of Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the underlying mechanism of its neuroprotective effects after ICH has not been explained fully. Ferroptosis, a new form of iron-dependent programmed cell death, has been shown to be implicated in the secondary injuries after ICH. In this study, We examined whether sEH inhibition can alleviate brain injuries of ICH through inhibiting ferroptosis. Expression of several markers for ferroptosis was observed in the peri-hematomal brain tissues in mice after ICH. lip-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, alleviated iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation and the secondary damages post-ICH in mice model. Intraperitoneal injection of 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3- (1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea (TPPU), a highly selective sEH inhibitor, could inhibit ferroptosis and alleviate brain damages in ICH mice. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing was applied to explore the potential regulatory mechanism underlying the effects of TPPU in ferroptosis after ICH. C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) may be the key factor by which TPPU regulated ferroptosis after ICH since CCL5 antagonist could mimic the effects of TPPU and CCL5 reversed the inhibitive effect of TPPU on ferroptosis and the neuroprotective effects of TPPU on secondary damage after ICH. Taken together, these data indicate that ferroptosis is a key pathological feature of ICH and Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor can exert neuroprotective effect by preventing ferroptosis after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Guini Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yongkang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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Gu T, Pan J, Chen L, Li K, Wang L, Zou Z, Shi Q. Association of inflammatory cytokines expression in cerebrospinal fluid with the severity and prognosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:7. [PMID: 38167007 PMCID: PMC10759732 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential diagnostic and prognostic implications of inflammatory cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) upon their initial hospital admission. METHODS Our cohort included 100 patients diagnosed with acute SICH, presenting to the Department of Neurosurgery. Additionally, we recruited 50 individuals without central nervous system (CNS) pathology, treated concurrently at our facility, as controls. CSF samples, collected upon hospital entry, were quantitatively assessed for 10 inflammatory cytokines using the Mesoscale Discovery Platform (MSD, Rockville, MD, USA) electrochemiluminescence technology, followed by validation through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We observed a marked elevation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in the CSF of the SICH subgroup compared to controls. Higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores in SICH patients corresponded with lower CSF concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, indicating an inverse relationship. Notably, CSF inflammatory cytokine levels were consistently higher in SICH patients with hydrocephalus than in those without. Increases in IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in the CSF were notably more pronounced in the poor prognosis group (Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOS 1-3) compared to those with a favorable prognosis (GOS 4-5). The AUC values for these cytokines in predicting SICH prognosis were 0.750, 0.728, 0.717, and 0.743, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Initial CSF levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α upon admission provide significant insights into the severity of neural damage and are robust indicators for prognosis in SICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Gu
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Kai Li
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Zhihao Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China.
| | - Qinghai Shi
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Center, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China.
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Chen Q, Li L, Xu L, Yang B, Huang Y, Qiao D, Yue X. Proteomic analysis discovers potential biomarkers of early traumatic axonal injury in the brainstem. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:207-227. [PMID: 37338605 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Application of Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-based LC-MS/MS analysis to screen for differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in traumatic axonal injury (TAI) of the brainstem and to predict potential biomarkers and key molecular mechanisms of brainstem TAI. METHODS A modified impact acceleration injury model was used to establish a brainstem TAI model in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the model was evaluated in terms of both functional changes (vital sign measurements) andstructural changes (HE staining, silver-plating staining and β-APP immunohistochemical staining). TMT combined with LC-MS/MS was used to analyse the DEPs in brainstem tissues from TAI and Sham groups. The biological functions of DEPs and potential molecular mechanisms in the hyperacute phase of TAI were analysed by bioinformatics techniques, and candidate biomarkers were validated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry on brainstem tissues from animal models and humans. RESULTS Based on the successful establishment of the brainstem TAI model in rats, TMT-based proteomics identified 65 DEPs, and bioinformatics analysis indicated that the hyperacute phase of TAI involves multiple stages of biological processes including inflammation, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, neuronal excitotoxicity and apoptosis. Three DEPs, CBR1, EPHX2 and CYP2U1, were selected as candidate biomarkers and all three proteins were found to be significantly expressed in brainstem tissue 30 min-7 days after TAI in both animal models and humans. CONCLUSION Using TMT combined with LC-MS/MS analysis for proteomic study of early TAI in rat brainstem, we report for the first time that CBR1, EPHX2 and CYP2U1 can be used as biomarkers of early TAI in brainstem by means of western blotting and immunohistochemical staining, compensating for the limitations of silver-plating staining and β-APP immunohistochemical staining, especially in the case of very short survival time after TAI (shorter than 30 min). A number of other proteins that also have a potential marker role are also presented, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets and forensic identification of early TAI in brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyue Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyao Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xia Yue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Duan L, Song L, Qiu C, Li J. Effect of the sEH inhibitor AUDA on arachidonic acid metabolism and NF-κB signaling of rats with postpartum depression-like behavior. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578250. [PMID: 38029646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether sEH inhibitor AUDA can mitigate postpartum depression (PPD)-like symptoms in the rat model and regulate the AA/NF-κB pathway to suppress the inflammatory response in the prefrontal lobes of PPD rats. METHODS Five groups of Sprague Dawley rats were used: normal, sham operated, PPD model, AUDA, and paroxetine hydrochloride. During the 21-day treatment period, animals in all groups underwent assessments (open field test, forced swimming test, and sucrose consumption) for depression-like behavior. At the conclusion of the treatment period, animals in all study groups were euthanized and various proteins in the prefrontal lobes were measured. RESULTS Depression-like behavior in rats was attenuated by AUDA. In the prefrontal lobes of PPD rats, levels of 5-LOX, COX-2, sEH, IL-1β, IL- 6, p65, p-p65, P-IκBα, NF-κB p65, and GFAP were increased while levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and 5-HT were decreased. AUDA reversed these changes, thus having a similar effect as the classic antidepressant paroxetine hydrochloride. CONCLUSION AUDA may constrain AA/NF-κB in the prefrontal cortex of PPD rats, thus inhibiting the inflammatory response and ultimately attenuating postpartum depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Linhong Song
- Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chao Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jingya Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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9
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Su WS, Wu CH, Song WS, Chen SF, Yang FY. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound ameliorates glia-mediated inflammation and neuronal damage in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage conditions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:565. [PMID: 37620888 PMCID: PMC10464049 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, and glia-mediated inflammation is a major contributor to neurological deficits. However, there is currently no proven effective treatment for clinical ICH. Recently, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), a non-invasive method, has shown potential for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of LIPUS on glia-mediated inflammation in ICH. METHODS This study used 289 mice to investigate the effects of LIPUS on ICH. ICH was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase (type VII-S; 0.0375 U) into the striatum of the mice. LIPUS was applied noninvasively for 3 days, including a 2-h-delayed intervention to mimic clinical usage. The study evaluated neurological function, histology, brain water content, hemoglobin content, MRI, and protein expression of neurotrophic factors, inflammatory molecules, and apoptosis. In vitro studies investigated glia-mediated inflammation by adding thrombin (10 U/mL) or conditioned media to primary and cell line cultures. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was used to confirm the effects of PI3K/Akt signaling after LIPUS treatment. RESULTS LIPUS treatment improved neurological deficits and reduced tissue loss, edema, and neurodegeneration after ICH. The protective effects of LIPUS resulted from decreased glia-mediated inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling, which reduced cytokine expression and attenuated microglial activation-induced neuronal damage in vitro. CONCLUSIONS LIPUS treatment improved neurological outcomes and reduced glia-mediated inflammation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-NF-κB signaling after ICH. LIPUS may provide a non-invasive potential management strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shen Su
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shin Song
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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10
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Li Y, You C, Liu Z, He F, Zhao F, Song X, Xie Z, Wei S, Yang Y, Wei H, Che F, Yu J. CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 gene variations increase the risk of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106974. [PMID: 36587509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many studies have shown that cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene polymorphisms are usually associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. To explore the association of CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 gene polymorphisms with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) in the Han Chinese population. METHODS Forty HICH patients and 40 control subjects were recruited for this study. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs1058932, rs2275622) in the CYP2C8 gene and two SNPs (rs2271800, rs1155002) in the CYP2J2 gene were selected for genotyping by direct sequencing. Statistical analysis was applied to examine the effect of genetic variation on HICH. RESULTS We found that variant alleles of CYP2C8 rs1058932 (A) and rs2275622 (C) were both significantly associated with HICH, especially in females. We also found significant associations of CYP2C8 rs1058932 (A) and rs2275622 (C) variant alleles with poor outcomes in HICH patients, especially in males. CONCLUSIONS CYP2C8 gene polymorphisms might increase the risk of HICH in the Han Chinese population and might lead to poor outcomes. This finding adds to the body of literature supporting novel therapeutic strategies for HICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiping You
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenchuan Liu
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchun Zhao
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojie Song
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongxiang Xie
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfang Yang
- Rehabilitation department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.
| | - Jixu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China.
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11
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Norman JE, Nuthikattu S, Milenkovic D, Rutledge JC, Villablanca AC. Sex-Specific Response of the Brain Free Oxylipin Profile to Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition. Nutrients 2023; 15:1214. [PMID: 36904213 PMCID: PMC10005333 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts epoxy-fatty acids to their corresponding diols, is found in the brain, and its inhibition is a treatment target for dementia. In this study, male and female C57Bl/6J mice were treated with an sEH inhibitor (sEHI), trans-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid (t-AUCB), for 12 weeks to comprehensively study the effect of sEH inhibition on the brain oxylipin profile, and modulation by sex. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure the profile of 53 free oxylipins in the brain. More oxylipins were modified by the inhibitor in males than in females (19 versus 3, respectively) and favored a more neuroprotective profile. Most were downstream of lipoxygenase and cytochrome p450 in males, and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in females. The inhibitor-associated oxylipin changes were unrelated to serum insulin, glucose, cholesterol, or female estrous cycle. The inhibitor affected behavior and cognitive function as measured by open field and Y-maze tests in males, but not females. These findings are novel and important to our understanding of sexual dimorphism in the brain's response to sEHI and may help inform sex-specific treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Norman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Saivageethi Nuthikattu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John C. Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amparo C. Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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12
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Lipid mediators generated by the cytochrome P450—Epoxide hydrolase pathway. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:327-373. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Paiva WS, Zippo E, Miranda C, Brasil S, Godoy DA, De Andrade AF, Neville I, Patriota GC, Domingues R, Teixeira MJ. Animal models for the study of intracranial hematomas (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:20. [PMID: 36561628 PMCID: PMC9748783 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hematomas (ICH) are a frequent condition in neurosurgical and neurological practices, with several mechanisms of primary and secondary injury. Experimental research has been fundamental for the understanding of the pathophysiology implicated with ICH and the development of therapeutic interventions. To date, a variety of different animal approaches have been described that consider, for example, the ICH evolutive phase, molecular implications and hemodynamic changes. Therefore, choosing a test protocol should consider the scope of each particular study. The present review summarized investigational protocols in experimental research on the subject of ICH. With this subject, injection of autologous blood or bacterial collagenase, inflation of intracranial balloon and avulsion of cerebral vessels were the models identified. Rodents (mice) and swine were the most frequent species used. These different models allowed improvements on the understanding of intracranial hypertension establishment, neuroinflammation, immunology, brain hemodynamics and served to the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Zippo
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Miranda
- Neurology Center, Samaritan Hospital, 01232010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Brasil
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Correspondence to: Dr Sérgio Brasil, Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 255 Enéas Aguiar Street, 05403 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Augustin Godoy
- Department of Intensive Care, Neurointensive Care Unit, Pasteur Hospital, 4700 Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Almir Ferreira De Andrade
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iuri Neville
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Domingues
- Neurology Center, Samaritan Hospital, 01232010 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil,Medical Research Laboratory 62, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403000 São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Liu S, Cao X, Wu Z, Deng S, Fu H, Wang Y, Liu F. TREM2 improves neurological dysfunction and attenuates neuroinflammation, TLR signaling and neuronal apoptosis in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:967825. [PMID: 36353688 PMCID: PMC9637852 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.967825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers strong neuroprotective effect by suppressing neuroinflammatory response in experimental ischemic stroke. This study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective role of TREM2 and potential underlying mechanism in a mouse model of ICH and in vitro. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) and green fluorescent protein-lentivirus (GFP-LV) strategies were employed to enhance TREM2 expression in the C57/BL6 mice and BV2 cells, respectively. The adult male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to ICH by administration of collagenase-IV in 1 month after the AAV particles injection. An in vitro ICH model was performed with oxygen hemoglobin in BV2 cells. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist TAK242 was applied at 6 h following ICH. Neurological function, TREM2, pro-inflammatory cytokines, brain water content and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were evaluated at 24 h following ICH. TLR4, NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways were also determined by Western blot analysis at the same time point. The levels of TREM2 were increased at 12 h, peaked at 24 h and recovered on 7d following ICH. TREM2 overexpression ameliorated ICH induced neurological dysfunction, inhibited neuroinflammation, and attenuated apoptosis and brain edema. Further mechanistic study revealed that TREM2 overexpression inhibited TLR4 activation and NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. ICH increased the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, which was markedly decreased by TREM2 overexpression. A similar improvement was also observed by the administration of TAK242 following ICH. TREM2 improves neurological dysfunction and attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the acute phase of ICH, which is, at least in part, mediated by negatively regulating TLR4 signaling pathway. These findings highlight TREM2 as a potential target for early brain injury following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shumin Deng
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hefei Fu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Liu,
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15
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Yang G, Fan X, Mazhar M, Guo W, Zou Y, Dechsupa N, Wang L. Neuroinflammation of microglia polarization in intracerebral hemorrhage and its potential targets for intervention. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1013706. [PMID: 36304999 PMCID: PMC9592761 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1013706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and play a key role in neurological diseases, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Microglia are activated to acquire either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. After the onset of ICH, pro-inflammatory mediators produced by microglia at the early stages serve as a crucial character in neuroinflammation. Conversely, switching the microglial shift to an anti-inflammatory phenotype could alleviate inflammatory response and incite recovery. This review will elucidate the dynamic profiles of microglia phenotypes and their available shift following ICH. This study can facilitate an understanding of the self-regulatory functions of the immune system involving the shift of microglia phenotypes in ICH. Moreover, suggestions for future preclinical and clinical research and potential intervention strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Acupuncture and Rehabilitation Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maryam Mazhar
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Drug Research Center of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wubin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanxia Zou
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Li Wang Nathupakorn Dechsupa
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang Nathupakorn Dechsupa
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16
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Molecular, Pathological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Perihematomal Edema in Different Stages of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3948921. [PMID: 36164392 PMCID: PMC9509250 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3948921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke worldwide. Neuronal destruction involved in the brain damage process caused by ICH includes a primary injury formed by the mass effect of the hematoma and a secondary injury induced by the degradation products of a blood clot. Additionally, factors in the coagulation cascade and complement activation process also contribute to secondary brain injury by promoting the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and neuronal cell degeneration by enhancing the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, etc. Although treatment options for direct damage are limited, various strategies have been proposed to treat secondary injury post-ICH. Perihematomal edema (PHE) is a potential surrogate marker for secondary injury and may contribute to poor outcomes after ICH. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the underlying pathological mechanism, evolution, and potential therapeutic strategies to treat PHE. Here, we review the pathophysiology and imaging characteristics of PHE at different stages after acute ICH. As illustrated in preclinical and clinical studies, we discussed the merits and limitations of varying PHE quantification protocols, including absolute PHE volume, relative PHE volume, and extension distance calculated with images and other techniques. Importantly, this review summarizes the factors that affect PHE by focusing on traditional variables, the cerebral venous drainage system, and the brain lymphatic drainage system. Finally, to facilitate translational research, we analyze why the relationship between PHE and the functional outcome of ICH is currently controversial. We also emphasize promising therapeutic approaches that modulate multiple targets to alleviate PHE and promote neurologic recovery after acute ICH.
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17
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Li X, Wang B, Yu N, Yang L, Nan C, Sun Z, Guo L, Zhao Z. Gabapentin Alleviates Brain Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3063-3075. [PMID: 35809188 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in brain tissue injury during intracerebral hemorrhage. Gabapentin can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signals. Here, we showed that gabapentin reduced brain tissue injury in ICH through suppressing NFκB-mediated neuroinflammation. ICH was induced by injecting collagenase IV into the right striatum of Sprague-Dawley rats. PC12 and BV2 cells injury induced by Hemin were used to simulate ICH in vitro. Inflammation and apoptosis were assessed in rat brain tissue and in vitro cells. The neurobehavioral scores were significantly decreased in ICH rats compared with sham rats. Phosphorylated IκB-α and cleaved caspase3, and apoptosis rate were significantly higher in tissue surrounding the hematoma than in brain tissues from rats subjected to sham surgery. Furthermore, serum IL-6 levels in ICH rats were higher than in sham rats. Gabapentin treatment significantly improved the behavioral scores, decreased levels of phosphorylated IκB-α and cleaved caspase3, apoptosis rate, and serum IL-6 level in ICH rats. Hemin-treated BV2 cells displayed higher levels of phosphorylated IκB-α, cleaved caspase3, and IL-6 in the supernatant compared with vehicle-treated cells. Hemin treatment induced a significantly lower level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in BV2 cells. BV2-PC12 co-culture cells treated by hemin displayed higher levels of cleaved caspase3 in PC12 cells. Furthermore, gabapentin treatment could reduce these effects induced by hemin and the protective effects of gabapentin were significantly attenuated by PPARγ inhibitor. Therefore, gabapentin may reduce inflammation and apoptosis induced by the ICH through PPARγ-NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Handan City, Handan, 056000, HeBei, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Xing Tai People Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, 054000, HeBei, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Chengrui Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Lisi Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, HeBei, China.
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18
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Davis CM, Zhang WH, Bah TM, Roese NE, Allen EM, Leung P, Boutros SJ, Marzulla T, Patel E, Nie X, Alkayed FN, Huang JH, Jensen MA, Raber J, Pike MM, Alkayed NJ. Age-dependent cognitive impairment, hydrocephalus and leukocyte infiltration in transgenic mice with endothelial expression of human EPHX2. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:9. [PMID: 35927273 PMCID: PMC9256583 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is upregulated in microvascular endothelium of human brain with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Transgenic endothelial expression of human sEH in mice (Tie2hsEH) induces endothelial dysfunction (ED), a pathogenetic mechanism of VCI. We sought to determine if endothelial upregulation of sEH is sufficient to cause cognitive impairment, and if cognitive impairment due to chronic hypoperfusion induced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) is exacerbated in Tie2hsEH mice. Behavioral performance was assessed by the open field, rotarod, novel object, Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests. Cerebral blood flow and brain morphology were evaluated by MRI, and inflammatory changes investigated using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We demonstrate that transgenic endothelial expression of sEH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment, associated with leukocyte infiltration, brain atrophy and accelerated, age-dependent ventriculomegaly, identifying ED and sEH upregulation as potential underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Wenri H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thierno M Bah
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Natalie E Roese
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elyse M Allen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Philberta Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sydney J Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tessa Marzulla
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Esha Patel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Xiao Nie
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Farah N Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Justin H Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Michael A Jensen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Martin M Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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19
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Zhao Y, Gan L, Ren L, Lin Y, Ma C, Lin X. Factors influencing the blood-brain barrier permeability. Brain Res 2022; 1788:147937. [PMID: 35568085 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic structure that protects the brain from harmful blood-borne, endogenous and exogenous substances and maintains the homeostatic microenvironment. All constituent cell types play indispensable roles in the BBB's integrity, and other structural BBB components, such as tight junction proteins, adherens junctions, and junctional proteins, can control the barrier permeability. Regarding the need to exchange nutrients and toxic materials, solute carriers, ATP-binding case families, and ion transporter, as well as transcytosis regulate the influx and efflux transport, while the difference in localisation and expression can contribute to functional differences in transport properties. Numerous chemical mediators and other factors such as non-physicochemical factors have been identified to alter BBB permeability by mediating the structural components and barrier function, because of the close relationship with inflammation. In this review, we highlight recently gained mechanistic insights into the maintenance and disruption of the BBB. A better understanding of the factors influencing BBB permeability could contribute to supporting promising potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB and the delivery of central nervous system drugs via BBB permeability interventions under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ren
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Ma
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianming Lin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Ma WY, Wang SS, Wu QL, Zhou X, Chu SF, Chen NH. The versatile role of TREM2 in regulating of microglia fate in the ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108733. [PMID: 35525233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the earliest activated and the longest lasting immune cells after stroke, and they participate in almost all the pathological reactions after stroke. However, their regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a cell surface receptor that is mainly expressed in microglia of the central nervous system. The receptor plays an important role in regulating microglia energy metabolism and phenotypic transformation. At present, TREM2 has been developed as a potential target for AD, coronary atherosclerosis and other diseases. However, TREM2 does not provide a systematic summary of the functional transformation and intrinsic molecular mechanisms of microglia after stroke. In this paper, we have summarized the functional changes of TREM2 in microglia after stroke in recent years, and found that TREM2 has important effects on energy metabolism, phagocytosis and anti-inflammatory function of microglia after stroke, suggesting that TREM2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qing-Lin Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Tian M, Tan J, Pei X, Lu C, Xin Y, Deng S, Zhao F, Gao Y, Gong Y. Irisin ameliorates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis through integrin αVβ5/AMPK signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:82. [PMID: 35392928 PMCID: PMC8988353 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the development of secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Irisin is a newly identified myokine that confers strong neuroprotective effects in experimental ischemic stroke. However, whether this myokine can exert neuroprotection effects after ICH remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of irisin treatment on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanism involving integrin αVβ5/AMPK pathway after ICH.
Methods Two hundred and eighty-five adult (8-week-old) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to sham and ICH surgery groups. ICH was induced via intrastriatal injection of autologous blood. Irisin was administered intranasally at 30 min after ICH. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, cilengitide (a selective integrin αVβ5 inhibitor) and dorsomorphin (a selective phosphorylated AMPK inhibitor) were administered before irisin treatment. The short- and long-term neurobehavior tests, brain edema, quantitative-PCR, western blotting, Fluoro-Jade C, TUNEL, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to assess the neurofunctional outcome at the level of molecular, cell, histology, and function.
Results Endogenous irisin and its receptor, integrin αVβ5, were increased, peaked at 24 h after ICH. irisin post-treatment improved both short- and long-term neurological functions, reduced brain edema after ICH. Interestingly, integrin αVβ5 was mainly located in the microglia after ICH, and irisin post-treatment inhibited microglia/macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization and promoted anti-inflammatory polarization. Moreover, irisin treatment inhibited neutrophil infiltration and suppressed neuronal apoptotic cell death in perihematomal areas after ICH. Mechanistically, irisin post-treatment significantly increased the expression of integrin αVβ5, p-AMPK and Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MPO, and Bax following ICH. The neuroprotective effects of irisin were abolished by both integrin αVβ5 inhibitor cilengitide and AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin. Conclusions This study demonstrated that irisin post-treatment ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, and ameliorated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, at least in part, through the integrin αVβ5/AMPK signaling pathway after ICH. Thus, irisin post-treatment may provide a promising therapeutic approach for the early management of ICH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02438-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Pei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaocheng Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuewen Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuixiang Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Neurosurgery of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Wu L, Zhan Q, Liu P, Zheng H, Liu M, Min J, Xie L, Wu W. LncRNA TCONS_00145741 Knockdown Prevents Thrombin-Induced M1 Differentiation of Microglia in Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Enhancing the Interaction Between DUSP6 and JNK. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:684842. [PMID: 35127692 PMCID: PMC8809462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.684842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The differentiation of microglia from M1 to M2 exerts a pivotal role in the aggression of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the differentiation of microglia. However, the underlying mechanism had not been fully clarified. Methods: The expression profile of lncRNAs in thrombin-induced primary microglia was analyzed by RNA sequencing. Under thrombin treatment, the effect of lncRNA TCONS_00145741 on the differentiation of microglia was determined by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blot. The potential mechanism and related signaling pathways of TCONS_00145741 in the M1 and M2 differentiation of microglia in ICH were assessed by Gene Ontology analysis, flow cytometry, RNA pull-down, RNA Immunoprecipitation, and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization followed by immunofluorescence analysis. Results: LncRNA TCONS_00145741 expression was elevated in the thrombin-induced primary microglia, and the interference with TCONS_00145741 restrained the M1 differentiation of microglia and facilitated the M2 differentiation under thrombin treatment. The interference with TCONS_00145741 restrained the activation of the JNK pathway in microglia under thrombin treatment and repressed the JNK phosphorylation levels by enhancing the interaction between DUSP6 and JNK. In vivo experiments further illustrated that the interference with TCONS_00145741 alleviated ICH. Conclusion: LncRNA TCONS_00145741 knockdown prevented thrombin-induced M1 differentiation of microglia in ICH by enhancing the interaction between DUSP6 and JNK. This study might provide a promising target for the clinical treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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23
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Kuo YM, Lee YH. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and soluble epoxide hydrolase in physiology and diseases of the central nervous system. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:1-11. [PMID: 35229747 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_80_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are fatty acid signaling molecules synthesized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid. The biological activity of EETs is terminated when being metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a process that serves as a key regulator of tissue EETs levels. EETs act through several signaling pathways to mediate various beneficial effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-oxidation with relieve of endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby sEH has become a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease and cancer therapy. Enzymes for EET biosynthesis and metabolism are both widely detected in both neuron and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies discovered that astrocyte-derived EETs not only mediate neurovascular coupling and neuronal excitability by maintaining glutamate homeostasis but also glia-dependent neuroprotection. Genetic ablation as well as pharmacologic inhibition of sEH has greatly helped to elucidate the physiologic actions of EETs, and maintaining or elevating brain EETs level has been demonstrated beneficial effects in CNS disease models. Here, we review the literature regarding the studies on the bioactivity of EETs and their metabolic enzyme sEH with special attention paid to their action mechanisms in the CNS, including their modulation of neuronal activity, attenuation of neuroinflammation, regulation of cerebral blood flow, and improvement of neuronal and glial cells survival. We further reviewed the recent advance on the potential application of sEH inhibition for treating cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, and pain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Kuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Department and Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Tian Y, Yuan X, Wang Y, Wu Q, Fang Y, Zhu Z, Song G, Xu L, Wang W, Xie M. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor attenuates BBB disruption and neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105197. [PMID: 34592333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with high mortality and morbidity. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is the key enzyme in the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) signaling. sEH inhibition has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects against multiple brain injuries. However, its role in the secondary injuries after ICH has not been fully elucidated. Here we tested the hypothesis that 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea (TPPU), a potent and highly selective sEH inhibitor, suppresses inflammation and the secondary injuries after ICH. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a collagenase-induced ICH model. TPPU alleviated blood-brain barrier damage, inhibited inflammatory response, increased M2 polarization of microglial cells, reduced the infiltration of peripheral neutrophils. In addition, TPPU attenuated neuronal injury and promoted functional recovery. The results suggest that sEH may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yongkang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Guini Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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25
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Bergmann CB, Hammock BD, Wan D, Gogolla F, Goetzman H, Caldwell CC, Supp DM. TPPU treatment of burned mice dampens inflammation and generation of bioactive DHET which impairs neutrophil function. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16555. [PMID: 34400718 PMCID: PMC8368302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins modulate the behavior of immune cells in inflammation. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET). An sEH-inhibitor, TPPU, has been demonstrated to ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and sepsis-induced inflammation via EETs. The immunomodulatory role of DHET is not well characterized. We hypothesized that TPPU dampens inflammation and that sEH-derived DHET alters neutrophil functionality in burn induced inflammation. Outbred mice were treated with vehicle, TPPU or 14,15-DHET and immediately subjected to either sham or dorsal scald 28% total body surface area burn injury. After 6 and 24 h, interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum levels and neutrophil activation were analyzed. For in vitro analyses, bone marrow derived neutrophil functionality and mRNA expression were examined. In vivo, 14,15-DHET and IL-6 serum concentrations were decreased after burn injury with TPPU administration. In vitro, 14,15-DHET impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, acidification, CXCR1/CXCR2 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the latter independent from p38MAPK and PI3K signaling. We conclude that TPPU administration decreases DHET post-burn. Furthermore, DHET downregulates key neutrophil immune functions and mRNA expression. Altogether, these data reveal that TPPU not only increases anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving EET levels, but also prevents potential impairment of neutrophils by DHET in trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Bergmann
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Falk Gogolla
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Holly Goetzman
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery/Burn Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Scientific Staff, Shriners Children's Ohio, Dayton, OH, USA.
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26
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Wang HL, Chen JW, Yang SH, Lo YC, Pan HC, Liang YW, Wang CF, Yang Y, Kuo YT, Lin YC, Chou CY, Lin SH, Chen YY. Multimodal Optical Imaging to Investigate Spatiotemporal Changes in Cerebrovascular Function in AUDA Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:655305. [PMID: 34149359 PMCID: PMC8209306 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.655305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA) has been demonstrated to alleviate infarction following ischemic stroke. Reportedly, the main effect of AUDA is exerting anti-inflammation and neovascularization via the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. However, the major contribution of this anti-inflammation and neovascularization effect in the acute phase of stroke is not completely elucidated. To investigate the neuroprotective effects of AUDA in acute ischemic stroke, we combined laser speckle contrast imaging and optical intrinsic signal imaging techniques with the implantation of a lab-designed cranial window. Forepaw stimulation was applied to assess the functional changes via measuring cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) that accompany neural activity. The rats that received AUDA in the acute phase of photothrombotic ischemia stroke showed a 30.5 ± 8.1% reduction in the ischemic core, 42.3 ± 15.1% reduction in the ischemic penumbra (p < 0.05), and 42.1 ± 4.6% increase of CMRO2 in response to forepaw stimulation at post-stroke day 1 (p < 0.05) compared with the control group (N = 10 for each group). Moreover, at post-stroke day 3, increased functional vascular density was observed in AUDA-treated rats (35.9 ± 1.9% higher than that in the control group, p < 0.05). At post-stroke day 7, a 105.4% ± 16.4% increase of astrocytes (p < 0.01), 30.0 ± 10.9% increase of neurons (p < 0.01), and 65.5 ± 15.0% decrease of microglia (p < 0.01) were observed in the penumbra region in AUDA-treated rats (N = 5 for each group). These results suggested that AUDA affects the anti-inflammation at the beginning of ischemic injury and restores neuronal metabolic rate of O2 and tissue viability. The neovascularization triggered by AUDA restored CBF and may contribute to ischemic infarction reduction at post-stroke day 3. Moreover, for long-term neuroprotection, astrocytes in the penumbra region may play an important role in protecting neurons from apoptotic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chi Pan
- National Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wen Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Liu J, Liu L, Wang X, Jiang R, Bai Q, Wang G. Microglia: A Double-Edged Sword in Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Research. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675660. [PMID: 34025674 PMCID: PMC8135095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). It is well established that microglia are activated and polarized to acquire different inflammatory phenotypes, either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes, which act as a critical component in the neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Microglia produce pro-inflammatory mediators at the early stages after ICH onset, anti-inflammatory microglia with neuroprotective effects appear to be suppressed. Previous research found that driving microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype could restrict inflammation and engulf cellular debris. The principal objective of this review is to analyze the phenotypes and dynamic profiles of microglia as well as their shift in functional response following ICH. The results may further the understanding of the body's self-regulatory functions involving microglia following ICH. On this basis, suggestions for future clinical development and research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Liu
- Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rundong Jiang
- Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gaiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sanya Central Hospital (Hainan Third People's Hospital), Sanya, China
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28
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Gong Y, Wu M, Shen J, Tang J, Li J, Xu J, Dang B, Chen G. Inhibition of the NKCC1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Decreases Inflammation and Improves Brain Edema and Nerve Cell Apoptosis in an SBI Rat Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:641993. [PMID: 33867933 PMCID: PMC8044300 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.641993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical brain injury (SBI) triggers microglia to release numerous inflammatory factors, leading to brain edema and neurological dysfunction. Reducing neuroinflammation and protecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are key factors to improve the neurological function and prognosis after SBI. Na+-K+-Cl– cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) have been implicated in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by microglia in brain injury. This study aimed to establish the role of NKCC1 in inducing inflammation in SBI, as well as to determine whether NKCC1 controls the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) via phosphorylation of NF-κB in microglia, thus affecting BBB permeability and neuronal cell apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish an SBI model. This study revealed that compared with the sham group, the expression levels of p-NKCC1, p-p65-NF-κB, and related inflammatory factor proteins in SBI model group significantly increased. After p-NKCC1 was inhibited, p-p65-NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were downregulated, and nerve cell apoptosis and BBB permeability were significantly reduced. These findings suggest that the SBI-induced increase in p-NKCC1 exacerbates neuroinflammation, brain edema, and nerve function injury, which may be mediated by regulating the activity of p65-NF-κB that in turn influences the release of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Muyao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinchao Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoqi Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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29
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Gao L, Shi H, Sherchan P, Tang H, Peng L, Xie S, Liu R, Hu X, Tang J, Xia Y, Zhang JH. Inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 attenuates neuroinflammation via PGE2/EP2/NOX2 signalling and improves the outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:615-626. [PMID: 33035633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) plays a critical role in proinflammatory processes in the central nervous system by modulating microglia activation. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effects and neurological function improvement of LPA1 inhibition after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in mice and to determine whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), E-type prostaglandin receptor 2 (EP2), and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) signalling are involved in LPA1-mediated neuroinflammation. ICH was induced in CD1 mice by autologous whole blood injection. AM966, a selective LPA1 antagonist, was administered by oral gavage 1 h and 12 h after ICH. The LPA1 endogenous ligand, LPA was administered to verify the effect of LPA1 activation. To elucidate potential inflammatory mechanisms of LPA1, the selective EP2 activator butaprost was administered by intracerebroventricular injection with either AM966 or LPA1 CRISPR knockout (KO). Water content of the brain, neurobehavior, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were performed. After ICH, EP2 was expressed in microglia whereas LPA1 was expressed in microglia, neurons, and astrocytes, which peaked after 24 h. AM966 inhibition of LPA1 improved neurologic function, reduced brain oedema, and suppressed perihematomal inflammatory cells after ICH. LPA administration aggravated neurological deficits after ICH. AM966 treatment and LPA1 CRISPR KO both decreased the expressions of PGE2, EP2, NOX2, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expressions after ICH, which was reversed by butaprost. This study demonstrated that inhibition of LPA1 attenuated neuroinflammation caused by ICH via PGE2/EP2/NOX2 signalling pathway in mice, which consequently improved neurobehavioral functions and alleviated brain oedema. LPA1 may be a promising therapeutic target to attenuate ICH-induced secondary brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Wang M, Ye X, Hu J, Zhao Q, Lv B, Ma W, Wang W, Yin H, Hao Q, Zhou C, Zhang T, Wu W, Wang Y, Zhou M, Zhang CH, Cui G. NOD1/RIP2 signalling enhances the microglia-driven inflammatory response and undergoes crosstalk with inflammatory cytokines to exacerbate brain damage following intracerebral haemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:364. [PMID: 33261639 PMCID: PMC7708246 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary brain damage caused by the innate immune response and subsequent proinflammatory factor production is a major factor contributing to the high mortality of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1)/receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) signalling has been reported to participate in the innate immune response and inflammatory response. Therefore, we investigated the role of NOD1/RIP2 signalling in mice with collagenase-induced ICH and in cultured primary microglia challenged with hemin. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to collagenase for induction of ICH model in vivo. Cultured primary microglia and BV2 microglial cells (microglial cell line) challenged with hemin aimed to simulate the ICH model in vitro. We first defined the expression of NOD1 and RIP2 in vivo and in vitro using an ICH model by western blotting. The effect of NOD1/RIP2 signalling on ICH-induced brain injury volume, neurological deficits, brain oedema, and microglial activation were assessed following intraventricular injection of either ML130 (a NOD1 inhibitor) or GSK583 (a RIP2 inhibitor). In addition, levels of JNK/P38 MAPK, IκBα, and inflammatory factors, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, were analysed in ICH-challenged brain and hemin-exposed cultured primary microglia by western blotting. Finally, we investigated whether the inflammatory factors could undergo crosstalk with NOD1 and RIP2. RESULTS The levels of NOD1 and its adaptor RIP2 were significantly elevated in the brains of mice in response to ICH and in cultured primary microglia, BV2 cells challenged with hemin. Administration of either a NOD1 or RIP2 inhibitor in mice with ICH prevented microglial activation and neuroinflammation, followed by alleviation of ICH-induced brain damage. Interestingly, the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which were enhanced by NOD1/RIP2 signalling, were found to contribute to the NOD1 and RIP2 upregulation in our study. CONCLUSION NOD1/RIP2 signalling played an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response during ICH. In addition, a vicious feedback cycle was observed between NOD1/RIP2 and IL-1β/TNF-α, which could to some extent result in sustained brain damage during ICH. Hence, our study highlights NOD1/RIP2 signalling as a potential therapeutic target to protect the brain against secondary brain damage during ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou first People's Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 269 University Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinchun Ye
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinxia Hu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Mass General Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| | - Bingchen Lv
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weijing Ma
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hanhan Yin
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases and Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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O'Brien CE, Santos PT, Kulikowicz E, Lee JK, Koehler RC, Martin LJ. Neurologic effects of short-term treatment with a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor after cardiac arrest in pediatric swine. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:43. [PMID: 33129262 PMCID: PMC7603774 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA) is the most common cause of acute neurologic insult in children. Many survivors have significant neurocognitive deficits at 1 year of recovery. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are multifunctional endogenous lipid signaling molecules that are involved in brain pathobiology and may be therapeutically relevant. However, EETs are rapidly metabolized to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), limiting their bioavailability. We hypothesized that sEH inhibition would improve outcomes after CA in an infant swine model. Male piglets (3-4 kg, 2 weeks old) underwent hypoxic-asphyxic CA. After resuscitation, they were randomized to intravenous treatment with an sEH inhibitor (TPPU, 1 mg/kg; n = 8) or vehicle (10% poly(ethylene glycol); n = 9) administered at 30 min and 24 h after return of spontaneous circulation. Two sham-operated groups received either TPPU (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 8). Neurons were counted in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections from putamen and motor cortex in 4-day survivors. RESULTS Piglets in the CA + vehicle groups had fewer neurons than sham animals in both putamen and motor cortex. However, the number of neurons after CA did not differ between vehicle- and TPPU-treated groups in either anatomic area. Further, 20% of putamen neurons in the Sham + TPPU group had abnormal morphology, with cell body attrition and nuclear condensation. TPPU treatment also did not reduce neurologic deficits. CONCLUSION Treatment with an sEH inhibitor at 30 min and 24 h after resuscitation from asphyxic CA does not protect neurons or improve acute neurologic outcomes in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E O'Brien
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Polan T Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lee J Martin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Chen W, Wang M, Zhu M, Xiong W, Qin X, Zhu X. 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Alleviates Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8188-8203. [PMID: 32973044 PMCID: PMC7574654 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1246-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of late-onset dementia, and there exists an unmet medical need for effective treatments for AD. The accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques contributes to the pathophysiology of AD. EPHX2 encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-a key enzyme for epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) signaling that is mainly expressed in lysosomes of astrocytes in the adult brain-is cosited at a locus associated with AD, but it is unclear whether and how it contributes to the pathophysiology of AD. In this report, we show that the pharmacologic inhibition of sEH with 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl- 3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) or the genetic deletion of Ephx2 reduces Aβ deposition in the brains of both male and female familial Alzheimer's disease (5×FAD) model mice. The inhibition of sEH with TPPU or the genetic deletion of Ephx2 alleviated cognitive deficits and prevented astrocyte reactivation in the brains of 6-month-old male 5×FAD mice. 14,15-EET levels in the brains of these mice were also increased by sEH inhibition. In cultured adult astrocytes treated with TPPU or 14,15-EET, astrocyte Aβ clearance was increased through enhanced lysosomal biogenesis. Infusion of 14,15-EET into the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice prevented the aggregation of Aβ. Notably, a higher concentration of 14,15-EET (200 ng/ml) infusion into the hippocampus reversed Aβ deposition in the brains of 6-month-old male 5×FAD mice. These results indicate that EET signaling, especially 14,15-EET, plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AD, and that targeting this pathway is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There are limited treatment options for Alzheimer's disease (AD). EPHX2 encoding soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is located at a locus that is linked to late-onset AD, but its contribution to the pathophysiology of AD is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that sEH inhibition or Ephx2 deletion alleviates pathology in familial Alzheimer's disease (5×FAD) mice. Inhibiting sEH or increasing 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) enhanced lysosomal biogenesis and amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance in cultured adult astrocytes. Moreover, the infusion of 14,15-EET into the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice not only prevented the aggregation of Aβ, but also reversed the deposition of Aβ. Thus, 14,15-EET plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AD and therapeutic strategies that target this pathway may be an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Minzhen Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Xiong
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihe Qin
- Eusyn Medical Technology Company, Guangzhou 510663, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
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Wagner KM, Gomes A, McReynolds CB, Hammock BD. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Regulation of Lipid Mediators Limits Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:900-916. [PMID: 32875445 PMCID: PMC7609775 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids in pain signaling is well established and built on decades of knowledge about the pain and inflammation produced by prostaglandin and leukotriene metabolites of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolism, respectively. The analgesic properties of other lipid metabolites are more recently coming to light. Lipid metabolites have been observed to act directly at ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors on nociceptive neurons as well as act indirectly at cellular membranes. Cytochrome P450 metabolism of specifically long-chain fatty acids forms epoxide metabolites, the epoxy-fatty acids (EpFA). The biological role of these metabolites has been found to mediate analgesia in several types of pain pathology. EpFA act through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms to limit pain and inflammation including nuclear receptor agonism, limiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and blocking mitochondrial dysfunction. Small molecule inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase can stabilize the EpFA in vivo, and this approach has demonstrated relief in preclinical modeled pain pathology. Moreover, the ability to block neuroinflammation extends the potential benefit of targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase to maintain EpFA for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cindy B McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA.
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Wan L, Li Z, Liu T, Chen X, Xu Q, Yao W, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids: Emerging therapeutic agents for central post-stroke pain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104923. [PMID: 32461186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is chronic neuropathic pain due to a lesion or dysfunction of the central nervous system following cerebrovascular insult. This syndrome is characterized by chronic somatosensory abnormalities including spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia, which localize to body areas corresponding to the injured brain region. However, despite its potential to impair activities of daily life and cause mood disorders after stroke, it is probably the least recognized complication of stroke. All currently approved treatments for CPSP have limited efficacy but troublesome side effects. The detailed mechanism underlying CPSP is still under investigation; however, its diverse clinical features indicate excessive central neuronal excitability, which is attributed to loss of inhibition and excessive neuroinflammation. Recently, exogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been used to attenuate the mechanical allodynia in CPSP rats and proven to provide a quicker onset and superior pain relief compared to the current first line drug gabapentin. This anti-nociceptive effect is mediated by reserving the normal thalamic inhibition state through neurosteroid-GABA signaling. Moreover, mounting evidence has revealed that EETs exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of vascular adhesion molecules, activating NFκB, inflammatory cytokines secretion and COX-2 gene induction. The present review focuses on the extensive evidence supporting the potential of EETs to be a multi-functional therapeutic approach for CPSP. Additionally, the role of EETs in the crosstalk between anti-CPSP and the comorbid mood disorder is reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zuofan Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Chen S, Peng J, Sherchan P, Ma Y, Xiang S, Yan F, Zhao H, Jiang Y, Wang N, Zhang JH, Zhang H. TREM2 activation attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:168. [PMID: 32466767 PMCID: PMC7257134 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is an important host defense response to secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers strong neuroprotective effects by attenuating neuroinflammation in experimental ischemic stroke. Recent studies suggest that apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a novel, high-affinity ligand of TREM2. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TREM2 activation on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in a mouse model of ICH. METHODS Adult male CD1 mice (n = 216) were subjected to intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase. The TREM2 ligand, apoE-mimetic peptide COG1410 was administered intranasally at 1 h after ICH induction. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, TREM2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 were administered intracerebroventricularly prior to COG1410 treatment. Neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and Fluoro-Jade C- and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining were performed. RESULTS Endogenous TREM2 expression was increased and peaked at 24 h after ICH. TREM2 was expressed on microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. COG1410 improved both short-term and long-term neurological functions, reduced brain edema, inhibited microglia/macrophage activation and neutrophil infiltration, and suppressed neuronal apoptotic cell death in perihematomal areas after ICH. Knockdown of endogenous TREM2 by TREM2 siRNA aggravated neurological deficits and decreased the expression of TREM2 in naïve and ICH mice. COG1410 was associated with upregulation of TREM2, PI3K, phosphorylated-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and Bax after ICH. The neuroprotective effects of COG1410 were abolished by both TREM2 siRNA and PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Our finding demonstrated that TREM2 activation improved neurological functions and attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after ICH, which was, at least in part, mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, activation of TREM2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Yongjie Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Sishi Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Risley Hall, Room 219, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 10053, China.
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Wang P, Wang W, Hu Y, Li Y. Prolonged Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Reactivity in Brain Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Long Cognitive Deficits in Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2846-2855. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shao G, Zhou C, Ma K, Zhao W, Xiong Q, Yang L, Huang Z, Yang Z. MiRNA-494 enhances M1 macrophage polarization via Nrdp1 in ICH mice model. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:17. [PMID: 32351331 PMCID: PMC7183644 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ubiquitination-mediated M1/M2 macrophage polarization plays important roles in the pathogenesis of immune disease. However, the regulatory mechanism of ubiquitination during M1/M2 macrophage polarization following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been well studied. Methods In the experiment, macrophages were administered with erythrocyte lysates, and then miR-494-, Nrdp1-, and M1/M2-related markers were analyzed. Brain inflammatory response, brain edema, and neurological functions of ICH mice were also assessed. Results We found that miR-494 levels increased while Nrdp1 levels decreased in macrophages after ICH. We also demonstrated that miR-494 inhibited Nrdp1 expression by directly binding its 3′-untranslated region. MiR-494 attenuated C/EBP-β activation and downstream proinflammatory factor production. Upregulation of Nrdp1 in macrophages significantly promoted M2 macrophage polarization via ubiquitinating and activating C/EBP-β. Moreover, the results indicated that miR-494 could enhance M1 macrophage polarization, promote brain edema, and impair neurological functions in ICH mice. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrated that Nrdp1 contributed to M1/M2 macrophage polarization and neuroinflammation via ubiquitination and activation of C/EBP-β in ICH. miR-494 may provide a promising therapeutic clue for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohai Shao
- 1Department of orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Changlong Zhou
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Kunlong Ma
- 1Department of orthopedics, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Wang Zhao
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Qijiang Xiong
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Ling Yang
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Zhao Yang
- 2Department of Neurology and Chongqing key laboratory of cerebravascular disease, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
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Lattanzi S, Di Napoli M, Ricci S, Divani AA. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:484-496. [PMID: 31975152 PMCID: PMC7283398 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-30% of all strokes and affects more than one million people every year worldwide, and it is the stroke subtype associated with the highest rates of mortality and residual disability. So far, clinical trials have mainly targeted primary cerebral injury and have substantially failed to improve clinical outcomes. The understanding of the pathophysiology of early and delayed injury after ICH is, hence, of paramount importance to identify potential targets of intervention and develop effective therapeutic strategies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) represent a ubiquitous superfamily of structurally related zinc-dependent endopeptidases able to degrade any component of the extracellular matrix. They are upregulated after ICH, in which different cell types, including leukocytes, activated microglia, neurons, and endothelial cells, are involved in their synthesis and secretion. The aim of this review is to summarize the available experimental and clinical evidence about the role of MMPs in brain injury following spontaneous ICH and provide critical insights into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Di Napoli
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de' Lellis District General Hospital, Rieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de' Lellis District General Hospital, Rieti, Italy
| | - Afshin A Divani
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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Rahman MS, Yang J, Luan Y, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y. Attenuation of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Microglial Activation and Neuronal Death Mediated by the Blockade of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 In Vivo. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1230-1243. [PMID: 32140955 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The activation of microglia in response to intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke is one of the principal components of the progression of this disease. It results in the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to neuronal death, a structural deterioration that, in turn interferes with functional recovery. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is highly expressed in reactive microglia and is involved in the pathological processes of brain disorders, but its role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unknown. We hypothesized that mGluR5 regulates microglial activation and ICH maintenance. In this study, collagenase-induced ICH mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of the mGluR5 antagonist-, MTEP, or vehicle 2 h after injury. We found that acute ICH upregulated mGluR5 and microglial activation. mGluR5 was highly localized in reactive microglia in the peri-hematomal cortex and striatum on days 3 and 7 post-ICH. The MTEP-mediated pharmacological inhibition of mGluR5 in vivo resulted in the substantial attenuation of acute microglial activation and IL-6, and TNF-α release. We also showed that the blockade of mGluR5 markedly reduced cell apoptosis, and neurodegeneration and markedly elevated neuroprotection. Furthermore, the MTEP-mediated inhibition of mGluR5 significantly reduced the lesion volume and improved functional recovery. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ICH injury enhances mGluR5 expression in the acute and subacute stages and that mGluR5 is highly localized in reactive microglia. The blockade of mGluR5 reduces ICH-induced acute microglial activation, provides neuroprotection and promotes neurofunctional recovery after ICH. The inhibition of mGluR5 may be a relevant therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saidur Rahman
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luan
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Norman JE, Aung HH, Otoki Y, Zhang Z, Taha AY, Rutledge JC. A single meal has the potential to alter brain oxylipin content. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 154:102062. [PMID: 32062416 PMCID: PMC7067679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether consumption of a single meal has the potential to alter brain oxylipin content. We examined the cerebrum of mice fed a single high-fat/high-sucrose Western meal or a low-fat/low-sucrose control meal, as well as fasted mice. We found no changes in fatty acid composition of cerebrum across the groups. The cerebral oxylipin profile of mice fed a Western meal is distinct from the profile of mice fed a low-fat/low-sucrose meal. Cerebral gene expression of cyclooxygenase 1, cyclooxygenase 2, and epoxide hydrolase 1 were elevated in Western meal-fed mice compared to low-fat/low-sucrose meal-fed mice. Mice that consumed either meal had lower gene expression of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 12 than fasted mice. Our data in this hypothesis-generating study indicates that the composition of a single meal has the potential to alter brain oxylipins and the gene expression of the enzymes responsible for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Norman
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States.
| | - H H Aung
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States
| | - Y Otoki
- University of California, Davis, Department of Food Science and Technology, United States; Tohoku University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Japan
| | - Z Zhang
- University of California, Davis, Department of Food Science and Technology, United States
| | - A Y Taha
- University of California, Davis, Department of Food Science and Technology, United States
| | - J C Rutledge
- University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, United States
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Yang Y, Tan X, Xu J, Wang T, Liang T, Xu X, Ma C, Xu Z, Wang W, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Dong W, Chen G. Luteolin alleviates neuroinflammation via downregulating the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110044. [PMID: 32114357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of microglia and inflammatory responses is essential for the process of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (SBI). In this study, we investigated the effects of luteolin on ICH-induced SBI and the potential mechanisms. Autologous blood was injected to establish the ICH model in vivo, and oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) was used to mimic the ICH model in vitro. We found that the administration of luteolin significantly improved motor and sensory impairments and inhibited neuronal cell degeneration in vivo. In the in vitro study, the decrease of the neuronal cell viability induced by activated microglia was alleviated by luteolin treatment. Furthermore, by antagonizing the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the ICH-induced elevation of cytokine release was decreased after treatment with luteolin, which was confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we found that luteolin engaged with TRAF6 and inhibited the ubiquitination of TRAF6. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of luteolin after ICH and the potential mechanisms, which suggest that luteolin is a potential therapeutic candidate for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Tianyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhongmou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Wanli Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor protects against blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes via the AMPK/HO-1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:354-359. [PMID: 32001002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that can lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms of BBB breakdown in diabetes are still unclear. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme that degrades epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which have multiple protective effects on vascular structure and functions. In the current study, we showed increased vascular permeability of the BBB, which was accompanied by upregulation of sEH and downregulation of 14,15-EET. Moreover, the sEH inhibitor t-AUCB restored diabetic BBB integrity in vivo, and 14,15-EET prevented ROS accumulation and MEC injury in vitro. t-AUCB or 14,15-EET treatment provoked AMPK/HO-1 activation under diabetic conditions in vivo and in vitro. Thus, we suggest that decreased EET degradation by sEH inhibition might be a potential therapeutic approach to attenuate the progression of BBB injury in diabetic mice via AMPK/HO-1 pathway activation.
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43
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Hu L, Zhang H, Wang B, Ao Q, He Z. MicroRNA-152 attenuates neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106141. [PMID: 31982825 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation significantly contributes to brain injury and neurological deterioration following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). MicroRNA-152(miR-152) was reported to be downregulated in ICH patients and to possess anti-inflammatory properties in other diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-152 in ICH, and the underlying mechanisms, using a collagenase-induced rat ICH model and hemin-exposure as a cell model. We first confirmed that miR-152 was consistently downregulated in both models. Overexpression of miR-152 in microglial BV2 cells reduced hemin-induced inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thus protecting co-cultured neuronal HT22 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-152 by intracerebroventricular lentivirus injection in ICH rats significantly alleviated neurodecifits, brain edema, and hematoma. These changes were associated with a marked reduction in ICH-induced neuronal death, as detected by co-staining of NeuN and TUNEL, and ICH-induced neuroinflammation, as revealed by inflammatory cytokine levels as well as by the number of Iba1 positive-stained cells in the perihematomal region. Mechanistically, miR-152 significantly inhibited ICH-induced TXNIP expression, and its overexpression blocked the interaction between TXNIP and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3), thus inhibiting NLRP3-driven inflammasome activation to attenuate neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the results of si-TXNIP transfection further confirmed that TXNIP inhibition was involved in the reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by the overexpression of miR-152. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that miR-152 confers protection against ICH-induced neuroinflammation and brain injury by inhibiting TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, indicating a potential strategy for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, People's Republic of China.
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Bai Q, Xue M, Yong VW. Microglia and macrophage phenotypes in intracerebral haemorrhage injury: therapeutic opportunities. Brain 2020; 143:1297-1314. [PMID: 31919518 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage continues to be devastating despite much research into this condition. A prominent feature of intracerebral haemorrhage is neuroinflammation, particularly the excessive representation of pro-inflammatory CNS-intrinsic microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages that infiltrate from the circulation. The pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages produce injury-enhancing factors, including inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species. Conversely, the regulatory microglia/macrophages with potential reparative and anti-inflammatory roles are outcompeted in the early stages after intracerebral haemorrhage, and their beneficial roles appear to be overwhelmed by pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages. In this review, we describe the activation of microglia/macrophages following intracerebral haemorrhage in animal models and clinical subjects, and consider their multiple mechanisms of cellular injury after haemorrhage. We review strategies and medications aimed at suppressing the pro-inflammatory activities of microglia/macrophages, and those directed at elevating the regulatory properties of these myeloid cells after intracerebral haemorrhage. We consider the translational potential of these medications from preclinical models to clinical use after intracerebral haemorrhage injury, and suggest that several approaches still lack the experimental support necessary for use in humans. Nonetheless, the preclinical data support the use of deactivator or inhibitor of pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages, whilst enhancing the regulatory phenotype, as part of the therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Bai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Translational Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase regulates monocyte/macrophage polarization and improves neurological outcome in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Neuroreport 2019; 30:567-572. [PMID: 30950936 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is generally understood that continuing neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke can exacerbate the brain damage. During the inflammatory hematogenous recruitment process, the monocytes and macrophages are activated into proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 cell types. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity has been reported to regulate monocytes/macrophages, and attenuates neuroinflammation. This study aimed to evaluate whether a selective sEH inhibitor, 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA), can regulate monocyte/macrophage polarization and improve motor function in the rats with ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. We measured the infarct volume with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and used the rotarod test to assess motor performance in rats. The monocyte/macrophage activation and mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators were measured by flow cytometry and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR, respectively. Our results showed better neurological function and less infarct volume in the rats treated with AUDA. Compared with the vehicle group, the AUDA-treated group showed a reduction in M1 monocyte/macrophage activation and proinflammatory mRNA expressions in the infarct cortex of rats. Our data suggest that the sEH inhibition may regulate monocyte/macrophage polarization and improve neurological outcome after ischemic stroke.
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46
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Hu L, Zhang H, Wang B, Ao Q, Shi J, He Z. MicroRNA-23b alleviates neuroinflammation and brain injury in intracerebral hemorrhage by targeting inositol polyphosphate multikinase. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105887. [PMID: 31536904 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing to detrimental brain injury and neurological function deficits. MicroRNA-23b (miR-23b) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in many diseases and is downregulated in patients with ICH. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of miR-23b in ICH models in vivo and in vitro, using basal ganglia injection of collagenase type VII in rats and hemin stimulation for cells, respectively. Exogenous overexpression of miR-23b by transfection with lentivirus-miR-23b (LV-miR-23b) or miR-23b mimics was evaluated by RT-qPCR. In this study, we found miR-23b was downregulated in the ICH models and its overexpression effectively alleviated neurological deficits, brain edema, hematoma area, and neuronal apoptosis in ICH rats. Western blotting for neuroinflammation markers and immunofluorescence staining for microglial activation demonstrated that miR-23b could alleviate neuroinflammation in ICH in vivo. We also performed an in vitro mechanism study using BV2 microglial cells and HT22 neuronal cell lines to explore how miR-23b modulates neuroinflammation and neuronal protection after ICH. We found that miR-23b significantly decreased hemin-stimulated inflammation response in BV2 cells and attenuated co-cultured HT22 neuronal cell death. Additionally, we verified that miR-23b suppressed inflammation in BV2 cells by targeting inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) and that autophagy regulation through the Akt/mTOR pathway was involved in miR-23b-regulated inflammation after ICH. Our study illustrated that miR-23b played a protective role in ICH through inhibiting neuroinflammation by targeting IPMK; this mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Akt/mTOR autophagy pathway, making it a potential target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000,People's Republic of China
| | - Heyu Zhang
- Dapartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000,People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dandong Central Hospital, Dandong 118002,People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000,People's Republic of China.
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Wu CH, Chen CC, Hung TH, Chuang YC, Chao M, Shyue SK, Chen SF. Activation of TrkB/Akt signaling by a TrkB receptor agonist improves long-term histological and functional outcomes in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:53. [PMID: 31307481 PMCID: PMC6628494 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces a complex sequence of apoptotic cascades that contribute to secondary neuronal damage. Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling plays a crucial role in promoting neuronal survival following brain damage. METHODS The present study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of TrkB activation by the specific TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), in a model of collagenase-induced ICH and in neuronal cultures. Mice subjected to collagenase-induced ICH were intraperitoneally injected with either 7,8-DHF or vehicle 10 min after ICH and, subsequently, daily for 3 days. Behavioral studies, brain edema measurement, and histological analysis were conducted. Levels of TrkB signaling-related molecules and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed by western blots. RESULTS Treatment with 20 mg/kg 7,8-DHF significantly improved functional recovery and reduced brain damage up to 28 days post-ICH. Reduction in neuronal death, apoptosis, and brain edema were also observed in response to 7,8-DHF treatment at 3 days post-ICH. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in the phosphorylation of TrkB and Akt (Ser473/Thr308) at 1 and 3 days, but had no effect on Erk 44/42 phosphorylation. 7,8-DHF also enhanced the phosphorylation of Ask-1 Ser967 and FOXO-1, downstream targets of Akt at 1 and 3 days. Moreover, 7,8-DHF increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels at 1 day. In primary cultured neurons stimulated with hemin, 7,8-DHF promoted survival and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, delaying the administration of 7,8-DHF to 3 h post-ICH reduced brain tissue damage and neuronal death. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the activation of TrkB signaling by 7,8-DHF protects against ICH via the Akt, but not the Erk, pathway. These data provide new insights into the role of TrkB signaling deficit in the pathophysiology of ICH and highlight TrkB/Akt as possible therapeutic targets in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 45 Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min Chao
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Szu-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 45 Cheng Hsin Street, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Soluble epoxide hydrolase modulates immune responses in activated astrocytes involving regulation of STAT3 activity. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:123. [PMID: 31176371 PMCID: PMC6555999 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocyte activation is a common pathological feature in many brain diseases with neuroinflammation, and revealing the underlying mechanisms might shed light on the regulatory processes of the diseases. Recently, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been proposed to affect neuroinflammation in brain injuries. However, the roles of astrocytic sEH in brains with neurodegeneration remain unclear. METHODS The expression of astrocytic sEH in the brains of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice developing Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology was evaluated by confocal imaging. LPS-activated primary astrocytes with mRNA silencing or overexpression of sEH were used to investigate its regulatory roles in astrocyte activation and the induction of pro-inflammatory markers. Primary astrocytes isolated from a sEH knockout (sEH-/-) background were also applied. RESULTS The immunoreactivity of sEH was increased in activated astrocytes in parallel with the progression of AD in APP/PS1 mice. Our data from primary astrocyte cultures further demonstrate that the overexpression of sEH ameliorated, while the silencing of sEH mRNA enhanced, the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced expression of pro-inflammatory markers, such as inducible nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that sEH negatively regulates astrocyte immune responses. Enhanced immune responses found in LPS-activated sEH-/- astrocytes also support the notion that the expression of sEH could suppress the immune responses during astrocyte activation. Similarly, sEH-/- mice that received intraperitoneal injection of LPS showed exacerbated astrocyte activation in the brain, as observed by the elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and pro-inflammatory markers. Moreover, our data show that the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was upregulated in activated astrocytes from sEH mouse brains, and the pharmacological blockade of STAT3 activity alleviated the pro-inflammatory effects of sEH deletion in LPS-activated primary astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence, for the first time, showing that sEH negatively regulates astrocytic immune responses and GFAP expression, while the underlying mechanism at least partly involves the downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. The discovery of a novel function for sEH in the negative control of astrocytic immune responses involving STAT3 activation confers further insights into the regulatory machinery of astrocyte activation during the development of neurodegeneration.
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Fang Y, Tian Y, Huang Q, Wan Y, Xu L, Wang W, Pan D, Zhu S, Xie M. Deficiency of TREK-1 potassium channel exacerbates blood-brain barrier damage and neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:96. [PMID: 31072336 PMCID: PMC6506965 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating medical emergency with high mortality and severe neurological deficit. ICH-related poor outcomes are due to a combination of pathological processes that could be complicated by secondary insults. TWIK-related K+ channel 1 (TREK-1) is a two-pore-domain potassium channel that is highly expressed in the mammalian nervous system. Previous studies have shown that TREK-1 channels play important roles in various central nervous system diseases. However, its role in the secondary injuries after intracerebral hemorrhage remains unknown. In this study, we explored the function of TREK-1 in secondary blood-brain barrier injuries and neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. METHODS Adult male TREK-1-/- mice and WT mice were subjected to a collagenase-induced ICH model. Immunostaining, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to assess inflammatory infiltration and neuronal death. Blood-brain barrier compromise was assessed using electron microscopy and Evans Blue dye injection on days 1 and 3 after intracerebral hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral assessments were conducted to evaluate the neurologic damage and recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage. RESULTS Genetic deficiency of TREK-1 channel exacerbated blood-brain barrier impairment and promoted cerebral edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. Meanwhile, TREK-1 deficiency aggravated focal inflammatory featured by the increased recruitment of microglia and neutrophils, the enhanced secretion of proinflammatory factors interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Furthermore, TREK-1 deficiency promoted neuronal injury and neurological impairment. CONCLUSIONS These results establish the first in vivo evidence for the protective role of TREK-1 in blood-brain barrier injury and neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage. TREK-1 may thereby be harnessed to a potential therapeutical target for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Yeye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Qibao Huang
- College of medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Dengji Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030.
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030.
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Chen X, Li Z, Zhang B, Hu R, Li J, Feng M, Yao W, Zhang C, Wan L, Zhang Y. Alleviation of Mechanical Allodynia by 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid in a Central Poststroke Pain Model: Possible Role of Allopregnanolone and δ-Subunit-Containing Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 20:577-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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