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Chiang YC, Chiang PY. Accentuation of the browning characteristics and functional properties of aged tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum cv.). Food Chem X 2024; 22:101499. [PMID: 38883912 PMCID: PMC11176656 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Moisture-assisted aging technology (MAAT) is a green process that improves browning characteristics and functionalities. This study investigated the physicochemical and functional characteristics of aged tomatoes. MAAT modulated carotenoids biotransformation from esterified to free form (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 1738, 2851, and 2922 cm-1) and generated primary and secondary oxidation volatiles, such as 4-terpineol, α-terpineol, and γ-terpineol (Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass), which contributed woody and clove odors. Total flavonoids and α-glucosidase activity inhibitory were significantly increased from 1207.729 to 2318.204 mg RE/100 g DW and 77.703% to 86.851%, respectively. We discovered different synthesis pathways of 5-HMF and furfural under different water activities; this breakthrough may set furfural as an important factor in quality control of MAAT products in the future. Thus, MAAT can modulate the chemical form of tomato carotenoids, improve functionalities, and generate unique woody odor volatiles. These results may be applied to health food development in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chan Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung City, 40227, Taiwan
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Bauer I, Rimbach G, Cordeiro S, Bosy-Westphal A, Weghuber J, Ipharraguerre IR, Lüersen K. A comprehensive in-vitro/ in-vivo screening toolbox for the elucidation of glucose homeostasis modulating properties of plant extracts (from roots) and its bioactives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396292. [PMID: 38989154 PMCID: PMC11233739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are increasingly recognized for their potential in modulating (postprandial) blood glucose levels. In this context, root extracts are of particular interest due to their high concentrations and often unique spectrum of plant bioactives. To identify new plant species with potential glucose-lowering activity, simple and robust methodologies are often required. For this narrative review, literature was sourced from scientific databases (primarily PubMed) in the period from June 2022 to January 2024. The regulatory targets of glucose homeostasis that could be modulated by bioactive plant compounds were used as search terms, either alone or in combination with the keyword "root extract". As a result, we present a comprehensive methodological toolbox for studying the glucose homeostasis modulating properties of plant extracts and its constituents. The described assays encompass in-vitro investigations involving enzyme inhibition (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4), assessment of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 activity, and evaluation of glucose transporter 4 translocation. Furthermore, we describe a patch-clamp technique to assess the impact of extracts on KATP channels. While validating in-vitro findings in living organisms is imperative, we introduce two screenable in-vivo models (the hen's egg test and Drosophila melanogaster). Given that evaluation of the bioactivity of plant extracts in rodents and humans represents the current gold standard, we include approaches addressing this aspect. In summary, this review offers a systematic guide for screening plant extracts regarding their influence on key regulatory elements of glucose homeostasis, culminating in the assessment of their potential efficacy in-vivo. Moreover, application of the presented toolbox might contribute to further close the knowledge gap on the precise mechanisms of action of plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Bauer
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sönke Cordeiro
- Institute of Physiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Division of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julian Weghuber
- Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
- FFoQSI—Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety & Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Division of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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3
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Mai TT, Phan MH, Thai TT, Lam TP, Lai NVT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TVP, Vo CVT, Thai KM, Tran TD. Discovery of novel flavonoid derivatives as potential dual inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: virtual screening, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1629-1650. [PMID: 37369956 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, accounting for 6.7 million deaths in 2021, and is one of the most rapidly growing global health emergencies of this century. Although several classes of therapeutic drugs have been invented and applied in clinical practice, diabetes continues to pose a serious and growing threat to public health and places a tremendous burden on those affected and their families. The strategy of reducing carbohydrate digestibility by inhibiting the activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase is regarded as a promising preventative treatment for type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the dual inhibitory effect against two polysaccharide hydrolytic enzymes of flavonoid derivatives from an in-house chemical database. By combining molecular docking and structure-activity relationship analysis, twelve compounds with docking energies less than or equal to - 8.0 kcal mol-1 and containing required structural features for dual inhibition of the two enzymes were identified and subjected to chemical synthesis and in vitro evaluation. The obtained results showed that five compounds exhibited dual inhibitory effects on the target enzymes with better IC50 values than the approved positive control acarbose. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate the binding of these flavonoids to the enzymes. The predicted pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties suggest that these compounds are viable for further development as type 2 diabetes drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Thanh Mai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Hoang Phan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thua-Phong Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Vo-Trong Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Thao Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, 630000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Viet-Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cam-Van Thi Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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4
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Ouahabi S, Daoudi NE, Loukili EH, Asmae H, Merzouki M, Bnouham M, Challioui A, Hammouti B, Fauconnier ML, Rhazi L, Ayerdi Gotor A, Depeint F, Ramdani M. Investigation into the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and In-Vitro Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of Ulva lactuca Extracts. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:240. [PMID: 38921551 PMCID: PMC11204821 DOI: 10.3390/md22060240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, the chemical compositions of various extracts obtained from Ulva lactuca, a type of green seaweed collected from the Nador lagoon in the northern region of Morocco, were compared. Their antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties were also studied. Using GC-MS technology, the fatty acid content of the samples was analyzed, revealing that palmitic acid, eicosenoic acid, and linoleic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids present in all samples. The HPLC analysis indicated that sinapic acid, naringin, rutin, quercetin, cinnamic acid, salicylic acid, apigenin, flavone, and flavanone were the most prevalent phenolic compounds. The aqueous extract obtained by maceration showed high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, with values of 379.67 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g and 212.11 ± 0.11 mg QE/g, respectively. This extract also exhibited an impressive ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, as indicated by its IC50 value of 0.095 ± 0.12 mg/mL. Additionally, the methanolic extract obtained using the Soxhlet method demonstrated antioxidant properties by preventing β-carotene discoloration, with an IC50 of 0.087 ± 0.14 mg/mL. Results from in-vitro studies showed that extracts from U. lactuca were able to significantly inhibit the enzymatic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract (S) has been identified as the most potent inhibitor, exhibiting a statistically similar effect to that of acarbose. Furthermore, molecular docking models were used to evaluate the interaction between the primary phytochemicals found in these extracts and the human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. These findings suggest that U. lactuca extracts contain bioactive substances that are capable of reducing enzyme activity more effectively than the commercially available drug, acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Ouahabi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.O.); (H.A.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (N.E.D.); (M.B.)
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Fes 30000, Morocco; (E.H.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Hbika Asmae
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.O.); (H.A.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.O.); (H.A.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (N.E.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Allal Challioui
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.O.); (H.A.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Fes 30000, Morocco; (E.H.L.); (B.H.)
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech. 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France;
| | - Alicia Ayerdi Gotor
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, AGHYLE, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France;
| | - Flore Depeint
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d’Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France;
| | - Mohammed Ramdani
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.O.); (H.A.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (M.R.)
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Liang F, Meng K, Pu X, Cao Y, Shi Y, Shi J. Deciphering the binding behavior and interaction mechanism of apigenin and α-glucosidase based on multi-spectroscopic and molecular simulation studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130535. [PMID: 38432277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the binding interaction between apigenin (API) and α-glucosidase (α-glu) by a combination of experimental techniques and computational simulation strategies. The spontaneously formation of stable API-α-glu complex was mainly driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces, leading to a static fluorescence quenching of α-glu. The binding of API induced secondary structure and conformation changes of α-glu, decreasing the surface hydrophobicity of protein. Computational simulation results demonstrated that API could bind into the active cavity of α-glu via its interaction with active residues at the binding site. The important roles of key residues responsible for the binding stability and affinity between API and α-glu were further revealed by MM/PBSA results. In addition, it can be found that the entrance of active site tended to close after API binding as a result of its interaction with gate keeping residues. Furthermore, the structural basis for the binding interaction behavior of API was revealed and visualized by weak interaction analysis. The findings of our study revealed atomic-level mechanism of the interaction between API, which might shed light on the development of better inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Keyu Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinran Pu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yubo Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiayi Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
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Lam TP, Tran NVN, Pham LHD, Lai NVT, Dang BTN, Truong NLN, Nguyen-Vo SK, Hoang TL, Mai TT, Tran TD. Flavonoids as dual-target inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: a systematic review of in vitro studies. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38185713 PMCID: PMC10772047 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health issue, and great attention is directed at natural therapeutics. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids as antidiabetic agents by investigating their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two key enzymes involved in starch digestion. Six scientific databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and WHO Global Index Medicus) were searched until August 21, 2022, for in vitro studies reporting IC50 values of purified flavonoids on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, along with corresponding data for acarbose as a positive control. A total of 339 eligible articles were analyzed, resulting in the retrieval of 1643 flavonoid structures. These structures were rigorously standardized and curated, yielding 974 unique compounds, among which 177 flavonoids exhibited inhibition of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase are presented. Quality assessment utilizing a modified CONSORT checklist and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis were performed, revealing crucial features for the simultaneous inhibition of flavonoids against both enzymes. Moreover, the review also addressed several limitations in the current research landscape and proposed potential solutions. The curated datasets are available online at https://github.com/MedChemUMP/FDIGA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thua-Phong Lam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ngoc-Vi Nguyen Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75105, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Long-Hung Dinh Pham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nghia Vo-Trong Lai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Tran Ngoc Dang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Lam Nguyen Truong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Song-Ky Nguyen-Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Linh Hoang
- California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, California, 95757, USA
| | - Tan Thanh Mai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Dao Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Sabry K, Jamshidi Z, Emami SA, Sahebka A. Potential therapeutic effects of baicalin and baicalein. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:23-49. [PMID: 38948180 PMCID: PMC11210699 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective Baicalin and baicalein are natural flavonoids reported for the first time from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Recently, attention has been paid to these valuable flavonoids due to their promising effects. This paper aims to have a comprehensive review of their pharmacological effects. Materials and Methods An extensive search through scientific databases including Scopus, PubMed, and ISI Web of Science was established. Results According to literature, these compounds have been mainly effective in the treatment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, hepatic and cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancers through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of migration and metastasis are the main mechanisms for their cytotoxic and antitumor activities. Decreasing inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, regulating the metabolism of lipids, and decreasing fibrosis, apoptosis, and steatosis are their main hepatoprotective mechanisms. Inhibiting the development of cardiac fibrosis and reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are also the mechanisms suggested for cardioprotective activities. Decreasing the accumulation of inflammatory mediators and improving cognitive function and depressive-like behaviours are the main mechanisms for neurological and neurodegenerative activities. Conclusion The findings suggest the therapeutic potential of baicalin and baicalein. However, complementary research in different in vitro and in vivo models to investigate their mechanisms of action as well as clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Sabry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamshidi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebka
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Shojaeifard Z, Moheimanian N, Jassbi AR. Comparison of inhibitory activities of 50 Salvia species against α-Glucosidase. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1685-1693. [PMID: 37975136 PMCID: PMC10638318 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes is a common metabolic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. α-Glucosidase inhibitors can be used as one of the therapeutic approaches to decrease the postprandial glucose levels through the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis. Medicinal plants are one of the main sources of α-glucosidase's natural inhibitors. In this study, we report the inhibitory effects of 50 different accessions of 32 Salvia species against α-glucosidase. Methods To estimate the relative potency of the crude extracts, the inhibitory activities of the 80% methanol of the plants extracts were determined in three different concentrations (1000, 500 and 250 µg/ml) and compared to that of acarbose as the positive control. Results S. multicaulis, S. santolinifolia, S. dracocephaloides, and S. eremophila were stronger inhibitors than acarbose (p < 0.05) with IC50 values in the range of 26.23- 92.35 µg/mL. According to the LC-PDA-ESIMS and NMR analysis of crude extracts of the studied Salvia species, 8 phytochemicals including luteolin-7-O-glucoside (1) luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (2), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (3), apigenin-7-O-glucuronide (4), Hispidulin-7-O-glucuronide (5), hispidulin-7-O-glucoside (6), rosmarinic acid (7), carnosol (8) and carnosic acid (9) were identified as the most common α-glucosidase inhibitors. The above compounds constituted the major compounds in the active Salvia species in the range of 1.5-95.0%. Among them rosmarinic acid (39-95%) was detected in almost all potent α -glucosidase inhibitor species. Therefore, it can be considered as a biochemical marker in the antidiabetic Salvia species in addition to the other minor compounds. Conclusions Considering the high α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the four- out of fifty Salvia species, they are suggested for further in vivo antidiabetic tests as potential medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shojaeifard
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Moheimanian
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Jassbi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ullah S, Waqas M, Halim SA, Khan I, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Makeen HA, Ibrar A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Triazolothiadiazoles and triazolothiadiazines as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: Mechanistic insights from kinetics studies, molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126227. [PMID: 37558024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been considered as a serious health problem worldwide due its high prevalence rate and associated complications. In this context, the current research work aims at exploring new structural leads for the treatment of a major metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus type 2. The outcomes of our prior studies on a diverse set of triazolothiadiazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives and their therapeutic potential, encouraged us to explore their anti-diabetic competency by targeting the key carbohydrate catabolic enzyme, α-glucosidase. Therefore, all these analogues were examined to reveal their contribution towards this severe metabolic issue. Interestingly, all the tested compounds (2a-2l and 3a-3p) exhibited several times more potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 in the range of 2.44-219.93 μM) as compared to marketed drug, acarbose (IC50 = 873.34 ± 1.67 μM). Furthermore, their mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro kinetics studies which revealed compounds 3a, 3d, 3o, and 2k as competitive inhibitors, and 3f as a mixed type inhibitor of α-glucosidase. In addition, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to observe the mode of interaction of the active hits within the binding pocket of α-glucosidase. Both docking and simulation results favored our in vitro mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf N Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur KPK-22620, Pakistan.
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
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Guo F, An J, Wang M, Zhang W, Chen C, Mao X, Liu S, Wang P, Ren F. Inhibitory Mechanism of Quercimeritrin as a Novel α-Glucosidase Selective Inhibitor. Foods 2023; 12:3415. [PMID: 37761124 PMCID: PMC10528180 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 12 flavonoid glycosides were selected based on virtual screening and the literature, and Quercimeritrin was selected as the best selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase through in vitro enzyme activity inhibition experiments. Its IC50 value for α-glucosidase was 79.88 µM, and its IC50 value for α-amylase >250 µM. As such, it could be used as a new selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase. The selective inhibition mechanism of Quercimeritrin on the two starch-digesting enzymes was further explored, and it was confirmed that Quercimeritrin had a strong binding affinity for α-glucosidase and occupied the binding pocket of α-glucosidase through non-covalent binding. Subsequently, animal experiments demonstrated that Quercimeritrin can effectively control postprandial blood glucose in vivo, with the same inhibitory effect as acarbose but without side effects. Our results, therefore, provide insights into how flavone aglycones can be used to effectively control the rate of digestion to improve postprandial blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (F.G.); (X.M.)
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.A.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Minlong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.A.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.A.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.A.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Xueying Mao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (F.G.); (X.M.)
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.A.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.A.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (C.C.); (S.L.)
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (F.G.); (X.M.)
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Aguila-Muñoz DG, Jiménez-Montejo FE, López-López VE, Mendieta-Moctezuma A, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Cornejo-Garrido J, Cruz-López MC. Evaluation of α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Antihyperglycemic Activity of Extracts Obtained from Leaves and Flowers of Rumex crispus L. Molecules 2023; 28:5760. [PMID: 37570730 PMCID: PMC10420655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Among antihyperglycemic drugs used for treating diabetes, α-glucosidase inhibitors generate the least adverse effects. This contribution aimed to evaluate the potential antidiabetic activity of Rumex crispus L. by testing its in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition and in vivo antihyperglycemic effects on rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Better inhibition of α-glucosidase was found with the methanol extract versus the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts. The methanol extract of the flowers (RCFM) was more effective than that of the leaves (RCHM), with an IC50 of 7.3 ± 0.17 μg/mL for RCFM and 112.0 ± 1.23 μg/mL for RCHM. A bioactive fraction (F89s) also showed good α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.11 μg/mL). In a preliminary study, RCHM and RCFM at 150 mg/kg and F89s at 75 mg/kg after 30 days showed a significant effect on hyperglycemia, reducing glucose levels (82.2, 80.1, and 84.1%, respectively), and improved the lipid, renal, and hepatic profiles of the rats, comparable with the effects of metformin and acarbose. According to the results, the activity of R. crispus L. may be mediated by a diminished rate of disaccharide hydrolysis, associated with the inhibition of α-glucosidase. Thus, R. crispus L. holds promise for the development of auxiliary drugs to treat diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores G. Aguila-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (F.E.J.-M.); (V.E.L.-L.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Fabiola E. Jiménez-Montejo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (F.E.J.-M.); (V.E.L.-L.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Víctor E. López-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (F.E.J.-M.); (V.E.L.-L.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Aarón Mendieta-Moctezuma
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (F.E.J.-M.); (V.E.L.-L.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07320, Mexico;
| | - María C. Cruz-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala 90700, Mexico; (F.E.J.-M.); (V.E.L.-L.); (A.M.-M.)
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12
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Ouahabi S, Loukili EH, Daoudi NE, Chebaibi M, Ramdani M, Rahhou I, Bnouham M, Fauconnier ML, Hammouti B, Rhazi L, Ayerdi Gotor A, Dépeint F, Ramdani M. Study of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris Extracts. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:372. [PMID: 37504903 PMCID: PMC10381155 DOI: 10.3390/md21070372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a comparison was made of the chemical makeup of different extracts obtained from Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, a type of red seaweed that was gathered from the Nador lagoon situated in the northern part of Morocco. Additionally, their anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties were investigated. The application of GC-MS technology to analyze the fatty acid content of the samples revealed that linoleic acid and eicosenoic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids across all samples, with palmitic acid and oleic acid following in frequency. The HPLC analysis indicated that ascorbic and kojic acids were the most prevalent phenolic compounds, while apigenin was the most common flavonoid molecule. The aqueous extract exhibited significant levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, registering values of 381.31 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g and 201.80 ± 0.21 mg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, this particular extract demonstrated a remarkable ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, as evidenced by its IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.67 mg/mL. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to possess antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to prevent β-carotene discoloration, with an IC50 ranging from 0.062 ± 0.02 mg/mL to 0.070 ± 0.06 mg/mL. In vitro study showed that all extracts significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Finally, molecular docking models were applied to assess the interaction between the primary phytochemicals identified in G. bursa-pastoris extracts and the human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The findings suggest that these extracts contain bioactive substances capable of reducing enzyme activity more effectively than the commercially available drug acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Ouahabi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chebaibi
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ramdani
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ilyesse Rahhou
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITSO), Oujda 63303, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech. 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- CREHEIO Centre de Recherche de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénierie, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Université Euro-Méditerranéenne de Fès, Fez BP 51, Morocco
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Alicia Ayerdi Gotor
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, AGHYLE, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Flore Dépeint
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Mohammed Ramdani
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Khalid A, Naseem I. Increased therapeutic effect of nanotized silibinin against glycation and diabetes: An in vitro and in silico-based approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130364. [PMID: 37088248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of diabetes has increased sharply, with the number of cases expected to rise from 424.9 million in 2017 to 628.6 million by 2045. Flavonoids are plant derived molecules with well-established antioxidant potential in addition to other therapeutic properties. Silibinin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. However, its rapid metabolism and low bioavailability limit its therapeutic effects. AIMS & OBJECTIVES In this study, we have synthesized the nanoformulation of silibinin and compared its antiglycating and antidiabetic potential with the soluble form. METHODOLOGY The inhibitory effect was tested on carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes as well as glycation of human serum albumin (HSA). The structural and biochemical changes in HSA were assessed by spectroscopic analyses and different assays. KEY FINDINGS The nanoforms were found to be better inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase compared to the bulk forms. Glycation of HSA in the presence of nano-silibinin resulted in the formation of lower level of early and advanced glycation products. This was also confirmed by spectroscopic studies and by estimating protein oxidation and free lysine residues. Molecular docking studies further supported the experimental outcomes. These results indicate that the nano form has significantly stronger antidiabetic and antiglycating effects than the bulk form. Nano-silibinin could therefore be recommended as a dietary supplement for diabetics to help control glycation and other associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimah Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Wu CR, Lee SY, Chen CH, Lin SD. Bioactive Compounds of Underground Valerian Extracts and Their Effect on Inhibiting Metabolic Syndrome-Related Enzymes Activities. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030636. [PMID: 36766164 PMCID: PMC9914926 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extractions of the underground parts of valerian were prepared with water and ethanol (25-95%) at 25-75 °C. Extraction yields, bioactive compounds, and the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of lyophilized extracts were determined. The inhibitory effects of the extracts, valerenic acid derivatives and phenolic acids, on metabolic syndrome (MS)-related enzymes activities were further examined. Both roots and rhizomes extracted with 95% ethanol at 75 °C had the highest levels of bioactive compounds. The antioxidant capacity and inhibition of MS-related enzymes of the roots extract were better than those of the rhizomes. The roots extract more strongly inhibited pancreatic lipase (inhibition of 50% of enzyme activity (IC50), 17.59 mg/mL), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, IC50, 3.75 mg/mL), α-amylase (IC50, 12.53 mg/mL), and α-glucosidase (IC50, 15.40 mg/mL). These four phenolic acids inhibited the activity of MS-related enzymes. Valerenic acid demonstrated more of an inhibitory ability for ACE (IC50, 0.225 mg/mL, except for caffeic acid) and α-glucosidase (IC50, 0.617 mg/mL) than phenolic acids. Valerian extract inhibited key enzyme activities that were associated with obesity (lipase), hypertension (ACE), and type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), suggesting that it is a potential candidate for the development of functional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Rong Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | | | - Sheng-Dun Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-26318652 (ext. 5038); Fax: +886-4-26319176
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Efficient Synthesis and In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of Rare Apigenin Glycosylation Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020533. [PMID: 36677592 PMCID: PMC9866095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a natural flavonoid with significant biological activity, but poor solubility in water and low bioavailability limits its use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, apigenin-7-O-β-(6″-O)-d-glucoside (AG) and apigenin-7-O-β-(6″-O-succinyl)-d-glucoside (SAG), rare apigenin glycosyl and succinyl derivatives formed by the organic solvent-tolerant bacteria Bacillus licheniformis WNJ02 were used in a 10.0% DMSO (v/v) system. The water solubility of SAG was 174 times that of apigenin, which solved the application problem. In the biotransformation reaction, the conversion rate of apigenin (1.0 g/L) was 100% at 24 h, and the yield of SAG was 94.2%. Molecular docking showed that the hypoglycemic activity of apigenin, apigenin-7-glucosides (AG), and SAG was mediated by binding with amino acids of α-glucosidase. The molecular docking results were verified by an in vitro anti-α-glucosidase assay and glucose consumption assay of active compounds. SAG had significant anti-α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 of 0.485 mM and enhanced glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, which make it an excellent α-glucosidase inhibitor.
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16
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UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Profiling of Phenolic Compounds from Eriocephalus africanus: In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248912. [PMID: 36558046 PMCID: PMC9782900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated phenolic compounds, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and the anti-inflammatory potentials of methanolic and chloroform extracts of Eriocephalus africanus. The methanolic extract included, polyphenols (112 ± 2.81 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), flavonols (76.12 ± 7.95 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g); antioxidant capacity (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (752.64 ± 89.0 μmol of ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) per g dry weight (µmol AAE/g), 2,2-dyphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (812.18 ± 51.12 Trolox equivalents per gram of dry mass of plant extracts (μmol TE/g), TEAC (631.63 ± 17.42 µmol TE/g)), while the chloroform extract included polyphenols (39.93 ± 1.36 mg GAE/g), flavonols (44.81 ± 3.74 mg QE/g); antioxidant capacity, DPPH (58.70 ± 5.18 µmol TE/g), TEAC (118.63 ± 3.74 µmol TE/g) and FRAP (107.10 ± 2.41 µmol AAE/g). The phytochemicals profiling performed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS revealed some important polyphenols, predominantly flavonoids, that could be responsible for the antioxidant capacity and biological effects. Both extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent manner of the alpha-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 between 125 and 250 μg/mL for methanolic extract, while the chloroform extract was at 250 μg/mL. In the L6 myoblasts and C3A hepatocytes, the methanolic extract slightly increased the utilization of glucose, and both extracts exhibited a dose-dependent increase in the glucose uptake in both cell types without significantly increasing the cytotoxicity. Furthermore, both extracts exhibited an anti-inflammatory potential and the findings from the present study could serve as a baseline for further research in the development of pharmaceutical agents.
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Ahmed SS, Rahman MO, Alqahtani AS, Sultana N, Almarfadi OM, Ali MA, Lee J. Anticancer potential of phytochemicals from Oroxylum indicum targeting Lactate Dehydrogenase A through bioinformatic approach. Toxicol Rep 2022; 10:56-75. [PMID: 36583135 PMCID: PMC9792705 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, small molecule inhibition of LDHA (Lactate Dehydrogenase A) has evolved as an appealing option for anticancer therapy. LDHA catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate in the glycolysis pathway to play a crucial role in aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, in the current investigation LDHA was targeted with bioactive phytochemicals of an ethnomedicinally important plant species Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. A total of 52 phytochemicals were screened against LDHA protein through molecular docking, ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) assay and molecular dynamics simulation to reveal three potential lead compounds such as Chrysin-7-O-glucuronide (-8.2 kcal/mol), Oroxindin (-8.1 kcal/mol) and Oroxin A (-8.0 kcal/mol). ADMET assay unveiled favorable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity properties for all the lead compounds. Molecular dynamics simulation exhibited significant conformational stability and compactness. MM/GBSA free binding energy calculations further corroborated the selection of top candidates where Oroxindin (-46.47 kcal/mol) was found to be better than Chrysin-7-O-glucuronide (-45.72 kcal/mol) and Oroxin A (-37.25 kcal/mol). Aldolase reductase and Xanthine dehydrogenase enzymes were found as potential drug targets and Esculin, the FDA approved drug was identified as structurally analogous to Oroxindin. These results could drive in establishing novel medications targeting LDHA to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Oliur Rahman
- Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Sultana
- Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Omer M. Almarfadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Ajmal Ali
- Deperment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Meng-zhen S, Ju L, Lan-chun Z, Cai-feng D, Shu-da Y, Hao-fei Y, Wei-yan H. Potential therapeutic use of plant flavonoids in AD and PD. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Bilal H, Sharif A, Malik MNH, Zubair HM. Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Adiantum incisum Forssk. Protects against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via Attenuation of α-Amylase and Oxidative Stress. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37724-37735. [PMID: 36312418 PMCID: PMC9607679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose : This study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Adiantum incisum Forssk. whole plant (AE-AI) in order to validate the folkloric claim. Methods : Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (TII DM) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were later treated orally with either AE-AI (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) or glibenclamide for 35 days. Blood glucose levels were measured weekly and on day 35, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples and tissues were harvested for subsequent antioxidant and histopathological analyses. AE-AI was also analyzed in vitro for phytochemical, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibitory assays. Results : The phytochemical screening of AE-AI confirmed the presence of essential bioactive compounds like cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and fixed oils. AE-AI demonstrated abundant amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and displayed prominent antioxidant activity as assessed via DPPH, phosphomolybdate, and nitric oxide scavenging assays. AE-AI treatment also showed α-amylase inhibitory activity comparable to acarbose. In addition, AE-AI treatment exhibited a wide margin of safety in rats and dose-dependently reduced STZ-induced blood glucose levels. Moreover, AE-AI increased the levels of GSH, SOD, catalase, and reduced MDA, and therefore prevented pathological effects of STZ on the kidney, liver, and pancreas. The blood glucose regulatory effect and antioxidant activity of AE-AI also aided in normalizing TII DM-mediated dyslipidemias. GC-MS analysis also demonstrated several potential antidiabetic phytoconstituents in AE-AI. Conclusion : These findings reveal that AE-AI possesses certain pharmacologically active compounds that can effectively treat STZ-induced TII DM owing to its antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Sharif
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore54000, Pakistan
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20
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Sadeghi M, Sheikhi M, Miroliaei M. Control of eriocitrin release from pH-sensitive gelatin-based microgels to inhibit α-glucosidase: an experimental and computational study. Food Funct 2022; 13:10055-10068. [PMID: 36093798 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase is among the intestinal epithelial enzymes that produce absorbable glucose in the final stage of glycan catabolism. It leads to an increase in blood glucose levels as a result of high glucose uptake in diabetic patients. However, inhibition of this essential biochemical process can be a useful therapeutic approach to diabetes mellitus (DM). Eriocitrin (ER) is an abundant "flavanone glycoside" in citrus fruits with rich antioxidant properties whose effects on α-Glu inhibition in the small intestine remain to be determined. Herein, pH-sensitive microgels (MGs) were designed based on cross-linked methacrylate with acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AAc) (molar ratio 70 : 30 of AAc : AM) as a controlled release system for sustained delivery of ER into the small intestine. The presence of amide and acrylate in MGs and the mechanical resistance were determined using FT-IR spectroscopy, rheology, and viscoelastometry. In vitro experiments showed that MGs could protect ER against diffusion in the gastric location and adjust its release in the intestinal milieu. The intestinal α-Glu activity was inhibited by ER (IC50 value of 12.50 ± 0.73 μM) in an uncompetitive dose-dependent manner. The presence of ER altered the structure of α-Glu and reduced the hydrophobic pockets of the enzyme. Molecular docking analysis along with molecular dynamics simulation displayed that ER-α-Glu formation is directed by hydrogen binding with Asp69, Asp215, Glu411, Asp307, and Tyr347 residues. Moreover, in vivo assessment showed that rat blood glucose concentration decreased after ER administration compared with the control group. The results highlight that ER-loaded-MGs can be considered as a useful releasing strategy in treating DM via α-Glu inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sadeghi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sheikhi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Miroliaei
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sun J, Zhong X, Sun D, Cao X, Yao F, Shi L, Liu Y. Structural characterization of polysaccharides recovered from extraction residue of ginseng root saponins and its fruit nutrition preservation performance. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934927. [PMID: 35978961 PMCID: PMC9376600 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides recovered from extraction residue of ginseng root saponins, i.e., ginsenosides-extracting residue polysaccharides (GRP), were separated into two fractions, GRP-1 and GRP-2. Fourier infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, as well as high-performance liquid chromatography and gel permeation chromatography measurements, showed GRP-1 was composed of mainly starch-like glucans and GRP-2, relatively a smaller portion, was a mixture of heteropolysaccharides composed of starch-like glucans, rhamnogalacturonan-I pectin, and arabinogalactans, and they had similar molecular weights. These results proved that the structure of GRP was not destroyed and GRP still maintained strong antioxidant activities. In addition, GRP coating on surfaces of fruit slowed their deterioration and maintained their nutritional effects. Correlation and PCA analyses on various quality and antioxidant parameters supported the above findings and a possible mechanism in fruit preservation was then proposed. Knowing the structural features and bioactivities of GRP gives insights into its application. Specifically, GRP served as an environmentally friendly coating that can be used to preserve the nutrients and other quality indicators of strawberries and fresh-cut apples, paving the way for future new approaches to food preservation using polysaccharides or other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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22
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Koh YQ, Sin YAD, Rong HJ, Chua THS, Ho SHS, Ho HK. Evaluation of anthoxanthins and their actions on digestive enzyme inhibition when used independently and in combination. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10131. [PMID: 35991985 PMCID: PMC9389255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate digestibility is a key determinant for elevated postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). Apart from dietary restrictions, one of the strategies to reduce PPHG is to limit the activity of carbohydrate digestive enzymes within the gastrointestinal tract in order to reduce monosaccharide absorption rates. The present work aimed to assess the inhibitory capabilities of digestive enzymes (e.g., α-glucosidase and α-amylase) by anthoxanthins when used independently, in combination with acarbose, or with a different anthoxanthin. Our results showed that quercetin, myricetin, and luteolin presented lower IC50 values than acarbose and inhibited α-glucosidase through mixed-type inhibition. On the other hand, acarbose when compared with these anthoxanthins, remained the most potent inhibitor of α-amylase. Combinatorial treatment (i) acarbose-quercetin and (ii) myricetin-luteolin showed synergistic activity (CI value less than 0.9) in α-glucosidase inhibition. An additive effect (CI value between 0.9 and 1.1) in α-glucosidase inhibition was observed when acarbose-myricetin, acarbose-luteolin or when a combination of two different anthoxanthins (quercetin-myricetin and quercetin-luteolin) was used. This study suggests the potential use of anthoxanthins as functional food ingredients to mitigate PPHG towards the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Ang Desmond Sin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengyang Justin Rong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teng Hui Sean Chua
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Khalid A, Naseem I. Antidiabetic and antiglycating potential of chrysin is enhanced after nano formulation: An in vitro approach. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Enzyme Inhibitory Activities and Phytochemicals from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco via Solvent Partitioning Method. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3621-3644. [PMID: 35476189 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of plant bioactive compounds from Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco remains a great challenge due to the different chemical groups. This study aimed to compare the bioactive compounds with enzyme inhibitory effect from P. orientalis via solvent partitioning method. Dried leaf samples were macerated and fractionated with six solvents of different polarities. The phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, alkaloid and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anti-glycation potential were compared across the six plant fractions. Toxicity assessment was performed with an in vivo brine shrimp model. The varying levels of bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate (phenolics, flavonoids), hexane (saponins, tannins) and chloroform (alkaloids) fractions clearly demonstrated the significant impact of solvent polarity on the extraction of bioactive compounds. The reducing potential (r = 0.67), IC50 of α-amylase inhibition (r = -0.71), IC50 of advanced glycation end-product inhibition (r = -0.93) and dicarbonyl compound inhibition (r = 0.57) in the plant fractions were correlated (p<0.05) with the flavonoids. Besides, the alkaloid, saponin and tannin were associated with cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitory activity. Principal component analysis confirmed that solvent polarity (23.9%) and plant extraction yield (37.1%) collectively contributed to 61% of bioactivity variation in P. orientalis. Among the six plant fractions, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited relatively high anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and anti-glycation potential while the non-toxic methanolic and aqueous fractions displayed optimal hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activities, respectively. The current study has identified semi-polar ethyl acetate fraction of P. orientalis as a good alternative source of bioactive compounds for future pharmaceutical product development.
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25
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Etlingera elatior Flower Aqueous Extract Protects against Oxidative Stress-Induced Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2814196. [PMID: 35502173 PMCID: PMC9056225 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2814196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known systemic disease with increasing global prevalence and multi-organ complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The trend of using medicinal plants in the management of DM is increasing exponentially. Etlingera elatior is a medicinal plant that contains chemicals and antioxidants that delay the oxidation process. However, available data focusing on its use on DN are inconsistent and scarce. This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of E. elatior flower aqueous extract (EEAE) in a type 2 DM rat (T2DR) model. The T2DR model was developed using a combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) at 35 mg/kg. Thirty-two Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): (1) control (normal rat), (2) T2DR (untreated-type 2 diabetic rat), (3) Met (250 mg/kg metformin-treated T2DR), and (4) EEAE (1000 mg/kg EEAE-treated T2DR). All treatments were administered orally for 6 weeks. EEAE significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG), microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, and serum blood urea nitrogen. EEAE also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the levels of antioxidant markers—superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). The inflammatory marker (interleukin (IL)-6) and fibrosis markers (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)) were significantly decreased in the EEAE-treated group. The T2DR group developed DN, which was characterized by segmental sclerosis of the glomeruli associated with focal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Interestingly, the histology of kidney tissue in the EEAE group was preserved. This effect was similar to that of the control drug metformin. In summary, the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects might be related to the antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects of the EEAE. The antidiabetic activity could be due to the presence of the active compound cyanidin-3-O-glycosides, which is an anthocyanin antioxidant, that is present in the EEAE. E. elatior has the potential to be developed as a natural source of antioxidants that can be used for the prevention or even the treatment of DM. These findings could lead to future research into the therapeutic use of E. elatior in alleviating the progression of DM and thus preventing nephropathy.
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Xu Y, Li X, Wang H. Protective Roles of Apigenin Against Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875826. [PMID: 35495935 PMCID: PMC9051485 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity. In this study, the potential effects of apigenin on cardiometabolic diseases were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Potential signaling networks in different cell types induced by apigenin were identified, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms of apigenin in cardiometabolic diseases vary with cell types. Additionally, the mechanisms of apigenin-induced biological response in different cardiometabolic diseases were analyzed, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides novel insights into the potential role of apigenin in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Li,
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hui Wang,
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27
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Hammouda MB, Boudriga S, Hamden K, Askri M, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Brieger L, Krupp A, Anouar EH, Snoussi M, Aouadi K, Kadri A. New spiropyrrolothiazole derivatives bearing an oxazolone moiety as potential antidiabetic agent: Design, synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, ADME and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Rujanapun N, Jaidee W, Duangyod T, Phuneerub P, Paojumroom N, Maneerat T, Pringpuangkeo C, Ramli S, Charoensup R. Special Thai Oolong Tea: Chemical Profile and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:797032. [PMID: 35321328 PMCID: PMC8936575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.797032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Special Thai oolong tea is oolong tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) steamed with selected Thai botanical drugs. Oolong tea steamed with ginger (Zingiber officinale), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), and celery (Anathallis graveolens L.) is called eternity tea (EN), whereas peaceful rest (PR) tea is made of oolong tea leaves steamed with Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), Turkey berry (Solanum torvum), and wild betel leaf bush leaves (Piper sarmentosum). Oolong tea is known for its numerous biological activities including antidiabetic properties. However, the effect of the additional botanical drugs on the biological activities of special oolong teas has not yet been explored. From the results, the PR extract exhibited the best activity in the in vitro assays relevant to antidiabetic properties such as chemical antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-adipogenesis, enzyme inhibition, and glucose uptake and consumption. The UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS profiles of PR and EN extracts indicated chemical profiles different from oolong tea. For instance, gingerdiol and gingerol were detected in EN, whereas piperettine I was detected in PR. Therefore, it was inferred that among the three tea extracts, the additional compounds in PR contributed to good activities compared to oolong and EN. It is also important to highlight that the PR extract inhibited glucose uptake and consumption by adipocytes and skeletal muscles at concentrations of 500 and 100 μg/ml, respectively, as well as metformin activity (p < 0.05). Findings from this study support the antidiabetic potential of PR tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narawadee Rujanapun
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Jaidee
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Duangyod
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Pravaree Phuneerub
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Napassawan Paojumroom
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tharakorn Maneerat
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Salfarina Ramli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
- Interactive Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rawiwan Charoensup
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Rawiwan Charoensup,
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Cooking and In Vitro Digestion Modulate the Anti-Diabetic Properties of Red-Skinned Onion and Dark Purple Eggplant Phenolic Compounds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050689. [PMID: 35267322 PMCID: PMC8909727 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of phenolic-rich foods is an emerging preventive approach for the management of type 2 diabetes, thanks to the ability of these compounds to inhibit some key metabolic enzymes. In this study, the influence of cooking and in vitro digestion on the α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity of red-skinned onion (RSO) and dark purple eggplant (DPE) phenolic fractions was assessed. The applied cooking procedures had different influences on the total and individual phenolic compounds gastrointestinal bioaccessibility. DPE in vitro digested phenolic fractions displayed no inhibitory activity versus α-amylase and DPP-IV, whereas the fried DPE sample exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. This sample mainly contained hydroxycinnamic acid amides that can be responsible for the observed effect. Contrariwise, raw and cooked in vitro digested RSO phenolic fractions inhibited all three enzymes but with different effectiveness. Fried and raw RSO samples were the most active against them. Statistical analysis pointed out that quercetin mono-hexosides (mainly quercetin-4′-O-hexoside) were responsible for the inhibition of α-glucosidase, whereas quercetin di-hexosides (mainly quercetin-3-O-hexoside-4′-O-hexoside) were responsible for the DPP-IV-inhibitory activity of RSO samples. An accurate design of the cooking methods could be essential to maximize the release of individual phenolic compounds and the related bioactivities.
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30
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Ahmed F. Hypoglycemic Potential of Basella alba Linn. - An In Vitro Study. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/ue5rg9zrch] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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31
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Mashiane P, Manhivi VE, Shoko T, Slabbert RM, Sultanbawa Y, Sivakumar D. Cooking African Pumpkin Leaves ( Momordicabalsamina L.) by Stir-Frying Improved Bioactivity and Bioaccessibility of Metabolites-Metabolomic and Chemometric Approaches. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112890. [PMID: 34829171 PMCID: PMC8621757 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of African pumpkins (Momordica balsamina L.) are a commonly consumed traditional vegetable. They are a good source of polyphenolic antioxidants and carotenoids, which are, however, affected by cooking or digestion. We investigated the effect of household cooking methods (stir-frying or boiling) on the changes in bioactive metabolites, antioxidant capacity, release and accessibility of β-carotene and also inhibition of inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes during in vitro digestion of African pumpkin leaves compared to the raw leaves. Compared to boiled or raw leaves, stir-frying improved the availability of bioactive metabolites at the gastrointestinal phase. Quercetin 3-galactoside and rhamnetin 3-O-glucoside (marker compounds) discriminated the stir-fried leaves from raw leaves and boiled leaves after digestion. Stir-frying improved the release and accessibility of β-carotene and enhanced the antioxidant activities compared to boiling. Dialysable fractions of stir-fried leaves exhibited the greatest inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes compared to the raw and boiled leaves, as well as acarbose. Stir-frying, therefore, is recommended for use in household cooking to benefit consumers by increasing the intake of phenolics and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petunia Mashiane
- Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (P.M.); (R.M.S.)
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Vimbainashe E. Manhivi
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tinotenda Shoko
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Retha M. Slabbert
- Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (P.M.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Agricultural Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (V.E.M.); (T.S.)
- Agricultural Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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32
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Abd Elkader AM, Labib S, Taha TF, Althobaiti F, Aldhahrani A, Salem HM, Saad A, Ibrahim FM. Phytogenic compounds from avocado (Persea americana L.) extracts; antioxidant activity, amylase inhibitory activity, therapeutic potential of type 2 diabetes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 29:1428-1433. [PMID: 35280591 PMCID: PMC8913550 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide public health disease. Currently, the most effective way to treat diabetes is to mitigate postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes in the digestive system. Plant extracts are rich in bioactive compounds, which can be used in diabetes treatment. This study aims to evaluate the polyphenols content in ethanolic extracts of avocado fruit and leaves (Persea americana Mill.). Additionally, their antioxidant activity using DPPH, while the inhibition ability of α-amylase was examined by reacting different amounts of the extracts with α-amylase compared to acarbose as standard inhibitor. The active compounds were detected in the extracts by LC/MS. The obtained results showed that the leaf extract recorded a significant content of total phenolic compounds compared to the fruit extract (178.95 and 145.7 mg GAE /g dry weight, respectively). The total flavonoid values ranged from 32.5 to 70.08 mg QE/g dry weight of fruit and leaves extracts, respectively. Twenty-six phytogenic compounds were detected in leaf and fruit extract by LC/MS. These compounds belong to fatty acids, sterols, triterpenes, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts is due to the exist of phytogenic compounds, i.e., polyphenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant activity increased in a concentration dependant manner. Avocado fruit extract (1000 µg/mL) scavenged 95% of DPPḢ while leaf extract rummaged 91.03% of free radicals compared with Vit C and BHT. Additionally, higher α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in fruit extract than the leaf extract, where the fruit and leaf extract (1000 μg/ml) inhibited the enzyme by 92.13% and 88.95%, respectively. The obtained results showed that the ethanolic extracts of avocado could have a significant impact on human health due to their high content of polyphenols.
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Gorantla JN, Maniganda S, Pengthaisong S, Ngiwsara L, Sawangareetrakul P, Chokchaisiri S, Kittakoop P, Svasti J, Ketudat Cairns JR. Chemoenzymatic and Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of 1,4-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazole-α-d-glucosides with Potent Inhibitory Activity toward Lysosomal α-Glucosidase. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25710-25719. [PMID: 34632227 PMCID: PMC8495876 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucosyl triazoles have rarely been tested as α-glucosidase inhibitors, partly due to inefficient synthesis of their precursor α-d-glucosylazide (αGA1). Glycosynthase enzymes, made by nucleophile mutations of retaining β-glucosidases, produce αGA1 in chemical rescue experiments. Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticus glucosyl hydrolase 116 β-glucosidase (TxGH116) E441G nucleophile mutant catalyzed synthesis of αGA1 from sodium azide and pNP-β-d-glucoside (pNPGlc) or cellobiose in aqueous medium at 45 °C. The pNPGlc and azide reaction product was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to yield 280 mg of pure αGA1 (68% yield). αGA1 was successfully conjugated with alkynes attached to different functional groups, including aryl, ether, amine, amide, ester, alcohol, and flavone via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry reactions. These reactions afforded the 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazole-α-d-glucoside derivatives AGT2-14 without protection and deprotection. Several of these glucosyl triazoles exhibited strong inhibition of human lysosomal α-glucosidase, with IC50 values for AGT4 and AGT14 more than 60-fold lower than that of the commercial α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaggaiah N. Gorantla
- Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, School of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Santhi Maniganda
- Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, School of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Salila Pengthaisong
- Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, School of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Lukana Ngiwsara
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Suwadee Chokchaisiri
- Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, School of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn
Graduate Institute, Chemical Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, School of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, Suranaree University
of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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34
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Chuah HQ, Tang PL, Ang NJ, Tan HY. Submerged fermentation improves bioactivity of mulberry fruits and leaves. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:565-572. [PMID: 36119358 PMCID: PMC9476717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mulberry (Morus spp.) fruits and leaves have been proven to possess nutraceutical properties. Due to its fast and easy growing characteristics, mulberry fruits (MF) and leaves (ML) potentially emerge as a great source of functional foods. This study aims to enhance bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic activity) of MF and ML via submerged fermentation using bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum TAR 4), yeast (Baker’s yeast and red yeast) and fungi (Tempeh and Tapai starter). Methods In this study, 25% (mass to volume ratio) of MF and ML were fermented (48 h) with 1% (mass to volume ratio) of different microbial cultures, respectively. Effects of different fermentations on MF and ML were determined based on the changes of total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins, total sugar, DPPH activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), albumin denaturation inhibition activity (ADI), anti-lipoxygenase activity and α-amylase inhibition activity (AI). Results Generally, ML had higher AI than MF. However, MF exhibited higher DPPH, FRAP and anti-lipoxygenase activity than ML. After all forms of fermentation, DPPH and AI activity of MF and ML were increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, the effects of fermentation on TPC, FRAP, ADI and anti-lipoxygenase activity of MF were in contrast with ML. TPC, FRAP and anti-lipoxygenase activity of ML were enhanced, but reduced in MF after fermentation. Although the effects exerted by different microorganisms in MF and ML fermentation were different, the bioactivities of MF and ML were generally improved after fermentation. Fermentation by Tempeh starter enhanced TPC (by 2-fold), FRAP (by 2.3-fold), AI (at 10% increment) and anti-lipoxygenase activity (by 5-fold) of ML, whereas Tapai fermentation effectively enhanced the DPPH (at 17% increment) and ADI (by 2-fold) activity of MF. Conclusion Findings of this study provide an insight into the future process design of MF and ML processing into novel functional foods.
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A molecular dynamics simulations study of the ionic liquid effect on the β-glucosidase active site interactions with a flavonoid glycoside. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Archanachai K, Teepoo S, Sansenya S. Effect of gamma irradiation on growth, proline content, bioactive compound changes, and biological activity of 5 popular Thai rice cultivars. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:372-380. [PMID: 34380601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma irradiation is the technique used to induce plant mutation and it has affected both the physiological and biochemical compounds of the plant. Some new rice lines are also created through the gamma-irradiation technique. We investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on plant growth, volatile compounds, and the biological activity of gamma-irradiated rice extract compared to non-gamma-irradiated rice extract. The results reveal that the gamma-irradiated rice growth was related to the proline content, as the low gamma dose induced rice growth and proline accumulation in gamma-irradiated rice. We induced the bioactive compounds, including the flavonoid content and phenolic content of gamma-irradiated rice, through the low gamma irradiation dose at 60-100 Gy. Interestingly, bioactive compounds were stimulated by a gamma dose similar to that of the biological activity (antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition) of gamma-irradiated rice. The results suggest that gamma-irradiated rice extract's biological activity was closely related to the flavonoid and phenolic content of rice. We also identified the variety of volatile compounds in gamma-irradiated rice and they were also reported for the biological activity. Our results can generate a new rice line that exhibits high plant growth and is rich with bioactive compounds such as flavonoid and phenolic compounds which are related to the improvement of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Archanachai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Teepoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Sompong Sansenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand.
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Mashitoa FM, Shoko T, Shai JL, Slabbert RM, Sultanbawa Y, Sivakumar D. Influence of Different Types of Drying Methods on Color Properties, Phenolic Metabolites and Bioactivities of Pumpkin Leaves of var. Butternut squash ( Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir). Front Nutr 2021; 8:694649. [PMID: 34268329 PMCID: PMC8275642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.694649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaves of pumpkin species var. Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex Poir) is a popularly consumed leafy vegetable in the Southern African region. Traditional vegetables are commonly sun-dried as a method of postharvest preservation during the off-season. However, different drying methods affect the superior quality, functional properties, and bioactivities of the final product. Therefore, in this study, var. Butternut squash (C. moschata) underwent different drying methods, such as freeze-, oven, sun-, solar, and microwave drying to evaluate the color properties, pigments, phenolic metabolites, in vitro antioxidants, and antidiabetic activities. Results indicate that freeze-drying retained the total chlorophyll content with green color by reducing the color difference (ΔE), improved the concentration of different phenolic metabolites and the content of ascorbic acid, and enhanced the FRAP, ABTS activities and the inhibitory effects of α-glucosidase, and α-amylase. Freeze-dried leaves contained the highest concentrations of quercetin 3-glucoside 7-rhamnoside (rutin), quercetin 3-galactoside, isorhamnetin-3-galactoside-6″-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside compared with the leaves that underwent four other drying treatments and raw leaves. The OPLS-DA and the UPLC–QTOF/MS and chemometric approach showed that the peak at m/z 609, 1441 (quercetin 3-galactoside 7-rhamnoside) separated the freeze-dried leaves of var. Butternut squash (C. moschata) from the other four drying treatments. Therefore, freeze-drying is highly recommended to obtain good quality leaf powders that are rich in functional compounds and bioactive properties for use as functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence M Mashitoa
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tinotenda Shoko
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jerry L Shai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Acadia Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Retha M Slabbert
- Department of Horticulture, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Pretoria, South Africa.,ARC Training Centre for Uniquely Australian Foods, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
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Bioactive, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Cooked and Uncooked Irish Potato (Solanum Tuberosum). ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Potatoes are considered very important staple and antioxidant-rich tubers in human diet. The present study evaluated the bioactive, antioxidant, antidiabetic and inhibition of lipid peroxidation properties of cooked and uncooked Irish potatoes. The samples were subjected to total phenolic (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total flavonoids (TFC), ascorbic acid (AsA) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity analyses using spectrophotometric method. Also Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition were assayed. The results revealed that there is no significant (p < 0.05) difference in TPC and TAC of the potatoes samples but there was a significant (p < 0.05) enhancement in TFC and reduction in AsA of the cooked potatoes. There is also dose-dependent inhibition in DPPH and α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The IC50 revealed that cooked sample has significant higher (p < 0.05) inhibition in the enzymes assay. The lipid peroxidation was also reduced upon incubation with Irish potato samples but higher inhibition was exhibited by the cooked potato. In conclusion, this study has shown that Irish potato can be a good functional food in the management of diseases.
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Chelghoum M, Guenane H, Tahri D, Laggoun I, Marfoua FZ, Rahmani FZ, Khenifer F, Yousfi M. Influence of altitude, precipitation, and temperature factors on the phytoconstituents, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibitory activities of Pistacia atlantica. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sithisarn P, Rojsanga P, Sithisarn P. Flavone-Rich Fractions and Extracts from Oroxylum indicum and Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated Zoonotic Bacteria and Free Radical Scavenging Effects. Molecules 2021; 26:1773. [PMID: 33809943 PMCID: PMC8004265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum extracts from the seeds collected from Lampang and Pattani provinces in Thailand, and young fruits and flowers exhibited in vitro display antioxidant and antibacterial activities against clinically isolated zoonotic bacteria including Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, β-hemolytic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The orange crystals and yellow precipitates were obtained from the preparation processes of the seed extracts. The orange-red crystals from the seeds collected from Lampang province exhibited strong in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (EC50 value = 25.99 ± 3.30 μg/mL) and antibacterial effects on S. intermedius and β-hemolytic E. coli while the yellow precipitate from the same source exhibited only antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of phytochemicals in O. indicum samples by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques showed that they contained different amounts of total phenolic, total flavonoid and three major flavones; baicalin, baicalein and chrysin contents. Young fruit extract, which contained low amounts of flavone contents, still promoted antibacterial effects against the tested bacteria with IC50 values lower than 1 mg/mL and MIC values between 4 to 10 mg/mL in S. intermedius, S. aureus and S suis while higher IC50 and MIC values against P. aeruginosa and β-hemolytic E. coli were found. From scanning electron microscopy, the extract of the young fruit of O. indicum promoted morphological changes in the bacterial cells by disrupting the bacterial cell walls, inducing leakage of the cellular content, and generating the abnormal accumulation of cells. The mechanism of action of the extract for this antibacterial effect may be the disruption of the cell membrane and abnormal cell aggregations. Regression analysis of the results suggests the correlation between total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Baicalin was found to have a high correlation with an inhibitory effect against β-hemolytic E. coli while three unidentified peaks, which could be flavones, showed high correlations with an inhibitory effect against S. intermedius, S. suis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchima Sithisarn
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Piyanuch Rojsanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Pongtip Sithisarn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Sathynathan CV, Raman LS, Vajiravelu S, Kumar TD, Panchatcharam TS, Narasimhan G, Doss GCP, Krishnan MEG. 3-Hydroxypropane-1,2-Diyl Dipalmitoleate-A Natural Compound with Dual Roles (CB1 Agonist/FAAH1 Blocker) in Inhibiting Ovarian Cancer Cell Line. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030255. [PMID: 33809034 PMCID: PMC7998876 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Though it was once known that upregulated Cannabinoid Receptor (CB1) and downregulated Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH1) are associated with tumour aggressiveness and metastasis, it is now clear that upregulated CB1 levels more than a certain point cause accumulation of ceramide and directs cells to apoptosis. Hence, CB1 analogues/FAAH1 blockers are explored widely as anticancer drugs. There are reports on CB1-agonists and FAAH1-blockers separately, however, dual activities along with ovarian cancer-specific links are not established for any natural compound. With this setting, we describe for the first time the isolation of 3-hydroxypropane-1,2-diyl dipalmitoleate (564.48 Da) from a marine snail, Conus inscriptus, which binds to both CB1 and FAAH1 (glide energies: −70.61 and −30.52 kcal/mol, respectively). MD simulations indicate stable compound–target interaction for a minimum of 50 nanoseconds with relative invariabilities in Rg. The compound inhibited ovarian cancer cell line, PA1 at 1.7 μM. Structural and chemical interpretation of the compound (C2) was done using FT-IR, GC-MS, ESI-MS, 1H and 13C-NMR (1 and 2D). Furthermore, a probable route for gram-scale synthesis of C2 is hinted herein. With the available preliminary data, molecular mechanisms involving dual roles for this potent molecule must be elucidated to understand the possibilities of usage as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vijayaraghavan Sathynathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 116, India;
| | - Lakshmi Sundaram Raman
- Central Research Facility (CRF), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 116, India;
| | - Sivamurugan Vajiravelu
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 030, India;
| | - Thirumal D. Kumar
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India; (T.D.K.); (G.C.P.D.)
| | - Thyagarajan Sadras Panchatcharam
- Chancellor, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India;
| | - Gopinathan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 116, India;
| | - George C. Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India; (T.D.K.); (G.C.P.D.)
| | - Mary Elizabeth Gnanambal Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 116, India;
- Correspondence:
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Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR, Hosseinzadeh H. Promising influences of Scutellaria baicalensis and its two active constituents, baicalin, and baicalein, against metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3558-3574. [PMID: 33590943 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is known as a group of metabolic abnormalities with features including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension as well as low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. Previous studies showed the ameliorating effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on metabolic syndrome parameters, including antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, and antihypertensive. In this review, we deeply and mechanistically evaluated different studies on the effect of S. baicalensis and its two major bioactive constituents, baicalin, and baicalein, on the critical components of metabolic syndrome, including diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched in the English language until the end of June 2020. Accordingly, S. baicalensis, and its two major bioactive constituents, baicalin and baicalein, represent promising effects on the control of metabolic syndrome and its related disorders such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and their following complications. In summary, our findings show that S. baicalensis and its active constituents, baicalin and baicalein, by activation and upregulation of AMPK and PPAR-γ as the main signaling in the hemostasis of glucose and lipid metabolisms may be favorable candidates for the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mandić MR, Oalđe MM, Lunić TM, Sabovljević AD, Sabovljević MS, Gašić UM, Duletić-Laušević SN, Božić BD, Božić Nedeljković BD. Chemical characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of moss Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. from the Vršačke Planine Mts., Serbia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246810. [PMID: 33571277 PMCID: PMC7877662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from natural sources are of great importance because of their potential pharmacological activity and tremendous structural diversity. In this study, the chemical composition of different moss extracts of Hedwigia ciliata P. Beauv. have been examined, as well as their antioxidant, antineurodegenerative/anti-neuroinflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative potential. The extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extractor using solvents of different polarity. Chemical characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of phenolics and flavonoid compounds, together with triterpenoids as secondary metabolites of high biological activity. Significant antioxidant properties of all the extracts were exhibited using the β-carotene assay. The highest activities were found for water:ethanol extract (with the highest inhibition rate of 96%), but also significant inhibition was measured for ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts (80% and 70%, respectively). Confirmation of biocompatibility of investigated moss extracts has been performed using normal human fibroblast cell line, MRC-5. The H. ciliata extracts exhibited significant antiproliferative activity (~ 50%) against the MDA-MB-231 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line), which has not previously been reported elsewhere. The Griess assay confirmed the potential anti-neuroinflammatory activity of the extracts, as significant effects in reducing NO production by LPS-stimulated BV2 (normal murine microglia cell line) was observed. This data is in line with noted antineurodegenerative potential measured by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (with the highest inhibition rate of 60% for ethyl acetate extract) and tyrosinase (with the highest inhibition rate of 70% for ethanol extract). Additionally, the H. ciliata extracts exhibited significant antidiabetic effect mediated by α-glucosidase inhibition (with the highest inhibition rate of 80% for ethyl acetate extract). The obtained data suggest the presence of immunomodulatory effects of the moss extracts in vitro, which allows the design of new experiments aimed at detecting and characterizing bioactive compounds of the extracts and additionally elucidate detailed mechanisms of their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija R. Mandić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mariana M. Oalđe
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja M. Lunić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aneta D. Sabovljević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko S. Sabovljević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš M. Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja N. Duletić-Laušević
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Dj. Božić
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (BB); (BBN)
| | - Biljana Dj. Božić Nedeljković
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail: (BB); (BBN)
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Antihyperglycemic and Lipid Profile Effects of Salvia amarissima Ortega on Streptozocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040947. [PMID: 33670091 PMCID: PMC7916882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia amarissima Ortega was evaluated to determinate its antihyperglycemic and lipid profile properties. Petroleum ether extract of fresh aerial parts of S. amarissima (PEfAPSa) and a secondary fraction (F6Sa) were evaluated to determine their antihyperglycemic activity in streptozo-cin-induced diabetic (STID) mice, in oral tolerance tests of sucrose, starch, and glucose (OSTT, OStTT, and OGTT, respectively), in terms of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In acute assays at doses of 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction in hyperglycemia in STID mice, at the first and fifth hour after of treatment, respectively, and were comparable with acarbose. In the sub-chronic test, PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction of glycemia since the first week, and the effect was greater than that of the acarbose control group. In relation to HbA1c, the treatments prevented the increase in HbA1c. In the case of TG and HDL, PEfAPSa and F6Sa showed a reduction in TG and an HDL increase from the second week. OSTT and OStTT showed that PEfAPSa and F6Sa significantly lowered the postprandial peak at 1 h after loading but only in sucrose or starch such as acarbose. The results suggest that S. amarissima activity may be mediated by the inhibition of disaccharide hydrolysis, which may be associated with an α-glucosidase inhibitory effect.
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Zengin G, Sinan KI, Ak G, Angeloni S, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Kaplan A, Çakılcıoğlu U, Akan H, Jugreet S, Mahomoodally MF. Preliminary investigation on chemical composition and bioactivity of differently obtained extracts from Symphytum aintabicum Hub.- Mor. &Wickens. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cavalcanti MRM, Passos FRS, Monteiro BS, Gandhi SR, Heimfarth L, Lima BS, Nascimento YM, Duarte MC, Araujo AAS, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Zengin G, Ceylan R, Aktumsek A, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. HPLC-DAD-UV analysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic effects of methanolic extract of Sideritis bilgeriana (lamiaceae) by NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 involvement. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113338. [PMID: 32920137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants remain an invaluable source for therapeutics of diseases that affect humanity. Sideritis bilgeriana (Lamiaceae) is medicinal plant used in Turkey folk medicine to reduce inflammation and pain, but few studies scientific corroborates its medicinal use so creating a gap between popular use and scientific evidence. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of the methanolic extract of S. bilgeriana (MESB) in rodents nociception models and also performed its phytochemical analysis. Firstly, a screening was carried out that enabled the identification of the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. In view of this, a chromatographic method by HPLC-DAD-UV was developed that made it possible to identify chlorogenic acid and its quantification in MESB. MESB-treated mice (MESB 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and myeloperoxidase activity (p < 0.01), and also showed a reduced pain behavior in capsaicin test. In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy test, MESB (100 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced the leukocyte (polymorphonuclear) count in the pleural cavity and equally decreased the TNF-α and IL-1β levels (p < 0.001). In the PSNL model, mechanical hyperalgesia was reduced on the first evaluation day and during the 7 days of evaluation compared to the vehicle group (p < 0.001). Thermal hyperalgesia was also reduced 1 h after treatment compared to the vehicle group (p < 0.001) and reversed the loss of force initially displayed by the animals, thus inferring an analgesic effect in the muscle strength test. Analysis of the marrow of these animals showed a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (p < 0.001) and factor NF-κB, in relation to the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MESB treatment produced no noticeable side effects, no disturb in motor performance and no signs of gastric or hepatic injury. Together, the results suggests that MESB could be useful to management of inflammation and neuropathic pain mainly by the management of pro-inflammatory mediators (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), so reinforcing its use in popular medicine and corroborating the need for further chemical and pharmacological studies for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R M Cavalcanti
- Department of Physiology, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences. Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiolla R S Passos
- Department of Physiology, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences. Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luana Heimfarth
- Department of Physiology, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences. Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Yuri M Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 58051-900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano A S Araujo
- Department of Pharmacy, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences. Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Graduate Program of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Graduate Program of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Ceylan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences. Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Brazil; Graduate Program of Health Sciences. Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil.
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Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as potential agents in the management of type 2 diabetes through the modulation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3137-3207. [PMID: 33427491 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1862755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide and is characterized by increased postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors have been shown to slow the release of glucose from starch and oligosaccharides, resulting in a delay of glucose absorption and a reduction in postprandial blood glucose levels. Since current α-glucosidase inhibitors used in the management of T2D, such as acarbose, have been associated to strong gastrointestinal side effects, the search for novel and safer drugs is considered a hot topic of research. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed in the Plant Kingdom and important components of the human diet. These compounds have shown promising antidiabetic activities, including the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the scientific literature concerning the structure-activity relationship of flavonoids in inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, including their type of inhibition and experimental procedures applied. For this purpose, a total of 500 compounds is covered in this review. Available data may be considered of high value for the design and development of novel flavonoid derivatives with effective and potent inhibitory activity against those carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, to be possibly used as safer alternatives for the regulation of PPHG in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Although nectar is consumed, primarily as a supplemental food, by a broad range of insects spanning at least five orders, it is processed and stored by only a small number of species, most of which are bees and wasps in the superfamily Apoidea. Within this group, Apis mellifera has evolved remarkable adaptations facilitating nectar processing and storage; in doing so, this species utilizes the end product, honey, for diverse functions with few if any equivalents in other phytophagous insects. Honey and its phytochemical constituents, some of which likely derive from propolis, have functional significance in protecting honey bees against microbial pathogens, toxins, and cold stress, as well as in regulating development and adult longevity. The distinctive properties of A. mellifera honey appear to have arisen in multiple ways, including genome modification; partnerships with microbial symbionts; and evolution of specialized behaviors, including foraging for substances other than nectar. That honey making by A. mellifera involves incorporation of exogenous material other than nectar, as well as endogenous products such as antimicrobial peptides and royal jelly, suggests that regarding honey as little more than a source of carbohydrates for bees is a concept in need of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- May R Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Bernarda Calla
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
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Yin SJ, Wang YL, Chen H, Hu G, Zheng GC, Yang FQ. Investigation on the Metabolism of Curcumin and Baicalein in Zebrafish by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190522083850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Curcumin (CUR) and baicalein (BAI) are the main active ingredients in
Curcuma longa and Scutellaria baicalensis, which are used together in Jiang-Qin-Si-Wu decoction to
treat gynecological diseases. On the other hand, zebrafish, as a metabolic model has become more
popular, therefore, the metabolism of CUR and BAI in zebrafish is investigated in the present study.
Methods:
Zebrafish embryos after hatching 48 hours were divided into four experimental groups.
The blank group was exposed to 1 mL of ultra-pure water. Three drug-treated groups were exposed
to CUR (8 μM, 1 mL), BAI (8 μM, 1 mL), CUR and BAI (8 μM, 2 mL), respectively. After
homogenization, they were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/
MS). The structure of the metabolites was determined by comparing their corresponding mass
spectra with those of relevant literature. According to the change of metabolite content, the metabolic
effect of curcumin and baicalein was explored.
Results:
Five and six metabolites of CUR and BAI in zebrafish were identified by LC-MS/MS,
respectively. Their metabolic pathways in zebrafish were glucuronidation and sulfation. Reduction
and methylation reactions also occurred for CUR and BAI, respectively. In addition, after combined
exposure of both the drugs, CUR reduced the BAI glucuronide metabolites and inhibited the
metabolism of BAI in zebrafish, which is consistent with the mammalian metabolism.
Conclusion:
Using LC-MS/MS analysis, zebrafish is a feasible model for drug metabolism study.
The results of metabolic study indicated that CUR might affect the therapeutic effect of BAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Guo-Can Zheng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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50
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Huang X, Wang L, Yue R, Ding N, Yang H. Large dosage Huangqin (Scutellaria) and Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) for T2DM: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22032. [PMID: 32957320 PMCID: PMC7505284 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with widespread concern in the world. It has the characteristics of high incidence rate and high disability rate, which seriously affects economic and social development. large dose herb Rhizoma Coptidis (Huanglian) and Scutellaria (Huangqin) or compound prescription contain large dose Huanglian and Huanglian for treatment of T2DM has already been confirmed. However, due to the lack of evidence, there is no specific method or suggestion, so it is necessary to carry out systematic evaluation on Coptidis and Scutellaria and provide effective evidence for further research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The following databases will be searched from their inception to June 2020: Electronic database includes PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Nature, Science online, Chinese Biomedical Database WanFang, VIP medicine information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Primary outcomes: fasting blood-glucose (FBG), 2 Hours Postprandial Blood Glucose (2hPBG), Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). additional outcomes: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), total serum cholesterol (TC). Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. RESULTS The results of this study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of large dose Huanglian and Huangqin intervention for people with T2DM. CONCLUSION The systematic review of this study will summarize the current published evidence of large dose Huanglian and Huangqin for the treatment of T2DM, which can further guide the promotion and application of it. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is a systematic review, the outcomes are based on the published evidence, so examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations. OPEN SCIENCE FRAMEWORK (OSF) REGISTRATION NUMBER July 21, 2020. osf.io/b6r3z. (https://osf.io/b6r3z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ning Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongjing Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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