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Wen SWC, Borg M, Timm S, Hansen TF, Hilberg O, Andersen RF. Methylated Cell-Free Tumor DNA in Sputum as a Tool for Diagnosing Lung Cancer-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:506. [PMID: 38339257 PMCID: PMC10854681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis is pivotal for the prognosis. There is a notable overlap between lung cancer and chronic bronchitis, and the potential use of methylated tumor DNA in sputum as a biomarker for lung cancer detection is appealing. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 statement. A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, using these search strings: Lung cancer, sputum, and methylated tumor DNA. A total of 15 studies met the eligibility criteria. Studies predominantly utilized a case-control design, with sensitivity ranging from 10 to 93% and specificity from 8 to 100%. A meta-analysis of all genes across studies resulted in a summary sensitivity of 54.3% (95% CI 49.4-59.2%) and specificity of 79.7% (95% CI 75.0-83.7%). Notably, two less explored genes (TAC1, SOX17) demonstrated sensitivity levels surpassing 85%. The study's findings highlight substantial variations in the sensitivity and specificity of methylated tumor DNA in sputum for lung cancer detection. Challenges in reproducibility could stem from differences in tumor site, sample acquisition, extraction methods, and methylation measurement techniques. This meta-analysis provides a foundation for prioritizing high-performing genes, calling for a standardization and refinement of methodologies before potential application in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Witting Christensen Wen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Borg
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Frøstrup Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Rikke Fredslund Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
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Kolb KL, Mira ALS, Auer ED, Bucco ID, de Lima e Silva CE, dos Santos PI, Hoch VBB, Oliveira LC, Hauser AB, Hundt JE, Shuldiner AR, Lopes FL, Boysen TJ, Franke A, Pinto LFR, Soares-Lima SC, Kretzschmar GC, Boldt ABW. Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene ( NR3C1) Polymorphisms and Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from the Mennonite Population. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1805. [PMID: 37761945 PMCID: PMC10530687 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with polymorphisms and the methylation degree of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and is potentially involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In order to evaluate the association between MetS with the polymorphisms, methylation, and gene expression of the NR3C1 in the genetically isolated Brazilian Mennonite population, we genotyped 20 NR3C1 polymorphisms in 74 affected (MetS) and 138 unaffected individuals without affected first-degree relatives (Co), using exome sequencing, as well as five variants from non-exonic regions, in 70 MetS and 166 Co, using mass spectrometry. The methylation levels of 11 1F CpG sites were quantified using pyrosequencing (66 MetS and 141 Co), and the NR3C1 expression was evaluated via RT-qPCR (14 MetS and 25 Co). Age, physical activity, and family environment during childhood were associated with MetS. Susceptibility to MetS, independent of these factors, was associated with homozygosity for rs10482605*C (OR = 4.74, pcorr = 0.024) and the haplotype containing TTCGTTGATT (rs3806855*T_ rs3806854*T_rs10482605*C_rs10482614*G_rs6188*T_rs258813*T_rs33944801*G_rs34176759*A_rs17209258*T_rs6196*T, OR = 4.74, pcorr = 0.048), as well as for the CCT haplotype (rs41423247*C_ rs6877893*C_rs258763*T), OR = 6.02, pcorr = 0.030), but not to the differences in methylation or gene expression. Thus, NR3C1 polymorphisms seem to modulate the susceptibility to MetS in Mennonites, independently of lifestyle and early childhood events, and their role seems to be unrelated to DNA methylation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Liedtke Kolb
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Sprotte Mira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Delabio Auer
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Dall’Oglio Bucco
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Carla Eduarda de Lima e Silva
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Priscila Ianzen dos Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic Department, UFPR, Rua General Carneiro, 181, 11th Floor, Alto da Glória, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil
| | - Valéria Bumiller-Bini Hoch
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Luana Caroline Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
| | - Aline Borsato Hauser
- Laboratory School of Clinical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil;
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee, 160, Haus 32, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA;
| | - Fabiana Leão Lopes
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, RJ, Brazil
| | - Teide-Jens Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (T.-J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (T.-J.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.R.P.); (S.C.S.-L.)
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.R.P.); (S.C.S.-L.)
| | - Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Av. Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil; (K.L.K.); (A.L.S.M.); (E.D.A.); (I.D.B.); (C.E.d.L.e.S.); (P.I.d.S.); (V.B.-B.H.); (L.C.O.); (G.C.K.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81531-990, PR, Brazil
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3
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Kadalayil L, Alam MZ, White CH, Ghantous A, Walton E, Gruzieva O, Merid SK, Kumar A, Roy RP, Solomon O, Huen K, Eskenazi B, Rzehak P, Grote V, Langhendries JP, Verduci E, Ferre N, Gruszfeld D, Gao L, Guan W, Zeng X, Schisterman EF, Dou JF, Bakulski KM, Feinberg JI, Soomro MH, Pesce G, Baiz N, Isaevska E, Plusquin M, Vafeiadi M, Roumeliotaki T, Langie SAS, Standaert A, Allard C, Perron P, Bouchard L, van Meel ER, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Yousefi PD, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Relton CL, Tobi EW, Starling AP, Yang IV, Llambrich M, Santorelli G, Lepeule J, Salas LA, Bustamante M, Ewart SL, Zhang H, Karmaus W, Röder S, Zenclussen AC, Jin J, Nystad W, Page CM, Magnus M, Jima DD, Hoyo C, Maguire RL, Kvist T, Czamara D, Räikkönen K, Gong T, Ullemar V, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Almqvist C, Karlsson R, Lahti J, Murphy SK, Håberg SE, London S, Herberth G, Arshad H, Sunyer J, Grazuleviciene R, Dabelea D, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Nohr EA, Sørensen TIA, Duijts L, Hivert MF, Nelen V, Popovic M, Kogevinas M, Nawrot TS, Herceg Z, Annesi-Maesano I, Fallin MD, Yeung E, Breton CV, Koletzko B, Holland N, Wiemels JL, Melén E, Sharp GC, Silver MJ, Rezwan FI, Holloway JW. Analysis of DNA methylation at birth and in childhood reveals changes associated with season of birth and latitude. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:148. [PMID: 37697338 PMCID: PMC10496224 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal variations in environmental exposures at birth or during gestation are associated with numerous adult traits and health outcomes later in life. Whether DNA methylation (DNAm) plays a role in the molecular mechanisms underlying the associations between birth season and lifelong phenotypes remains unclear. METHODS We carried out epigenome-wide meta-analyses within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetic Consortium to identify associations of DNAm with birth season, both at differentially methylated probes (DMPs) and regions (DMRs). Associations were examined at two time points: at birth (21 cohorts, N = 9358) and in children aged 1-11 years (12 cohorts, N = 3610). We conducted meta-analyses to assess the impact of latitude on birth season-specific associations at both time points. RESULTS We identified associations between birth season and DNAm (False Discovery Rate-adjusted p values < 0.05) at two CpGs at birth (winter-born) and four in the childhood (summer-born) analyses when compared to children born in autumn. Furthermore, we identified twenty-six differentially methylated regions (DMR) at birth (winter-born: 8, spring-born: 15, summer-born: 3) and thirty-two in childhood (winter-born: 12, spring and summer: 10 each) meta-analyses with few overlapping DMRs between the birth seasons or the two time points. The DMRs were associated with genes of known functions in tumorigenesis, psychiatric/neurological disorders, inflammation, or immunity, amongst others. Latitude-stratified meta-analyses [higher (≥ 50°N), lower (< 50°N, northern hemisphere only)] revealed differences in associations between birth season and DNAm by birth latitude. DMR analysis implicated genes with previously reported links to schizophrenia (LAX1), skin disorders (PSORS1C, LTB4R), and airway inflammation including asthma (LTB4R), present only at birth in the higher latitudes (≥ 50°N). CONCLUSIONS In this large epigenome-wide meta-analysis study, we provide evidence for (i) associations between DNAm and season of birth that are unique for the seasons of the year (temporal effect) and (ii) latitude-dependent variations in the seasonal associations (spatial effect). DNAm could play a role in the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of birth season on adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Kadalayil
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cory Haley White
- Merck Exploratory Science Center in Cambridge MA, Merck Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Kebede Merid
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ritu P Roy
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Computational Biology and Informatics Core, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Olivia Solomon
- Children's Environmental Health Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Karen Huen
- Children's Environmental Health Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Children's Environmental Health Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter Rzehak
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalia Ferre
- Pediatric Nutrition and Human Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Darek Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Department, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, A460 Mayo Building, MMC 303, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John F Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jason I Feinberg
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Munawar Hussain Soomro
- Sorbonne Université and INSERM, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris Cedex 12, France
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, SMBB Medical University, Larkana, Pakistan
| | - Giancarlo Pesce
- Sorbonne Université and INSERM, Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Nour Baiz
- Institut Desbrest de Santé Publique (IDESP), INSERM and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Isaevska
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, CPO Piemonte, Italy
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
- Faculty of Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Arnout Standaert
- Unit Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Catherine Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Patrice Perron
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean - Hôpital de Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - Evelien R van Meel
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Yousefi
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elmar W Tobi
- Periconceptional Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne P Starling
- Life Course Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Maria Llambrich
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Johanna Lepeule
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Center for Molecular Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susan L Ewart
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Stefan Röder
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jianping Jin
- 2530 Meridian Pkwy, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian M Page
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Statistics and Data Science, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dereje D Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tuomas Kvist
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tong Gong
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vilhelmina Ullemar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie London
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hasan Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Regina Grazuleviciene
- Department of Environmental Science, Vytautas Magnus University, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Life Course Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Régine P M Steegers-Theunissen
- Periconceptional Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Universitetshospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, CPO Piemonte, Italy
| | | | - Tim S Nawrot
- Center for Environmental Sciences, University of Hasselt, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Institut Desbrest de Santé Publique (IDESP), INSERM and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edwina Yeung
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Dr, MSC 7004, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Holland
- Children's Environmental Health Laboratory, CERCH, Berkeley Public Health, University of California, 2121 Berkeley Way #5216, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gemma C Sharp
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Matt J Silver
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Faisal I Rezwan
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Department of Computer Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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Mortlock S, Houshdaran S, Kosti I, Rahmioglu N, Nezhat C, Vitonis AF, Andrews SV, Grosjean P, Paranjpe M, Horne AW, Jacoby A, Lager J, Opoku-Anane J, Vo KC, Manvelyan E, Sen S, Ghukasyan Z, Collins F, Santamaria X, Saunders P, Kober K, McRae AF, Terry KL, Vallvé-Juanico J, Becker C, Rogers PAW, Irwin JC, Zondervan K, Montgomery GW, Missmer S, Sirota M, Giudice L. Global endometrial DNA methylation analysis reveals insights into mQTL regulation and associated endometriosis disease risk and endometrial function. Commun Biol 2023; 6:780. [PMID: 37587191 PMCID: PMC10432557 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a leading cause of pain and infertility affecting millions of women globally. Herein, we characterize variation in DNA methylation (DNAm) and its association with menstrual cycle phase, endometriosis, and genetic variants through analysis of genotype data and methylation in endometrial samples from 984 deeply-phenotyped participants. We estimate that 15.4% of the variation in endometriosis is captured by DNAm and identify significant differences in DNAm profiles associated with stage III/IV endometriosis, endometriosis sub-phenotypes and menstrual cycle phase, including opening of the window for embryo implantation. Menstrual cycle phase was a major source of DNAm variation suggesting cellular and hormonally-driven changes across the cycle can regulate genes and pathways responsible for endometrial physiology and function. DNAm quantitative trait locus (mQTL) analysis identified 118,185 independent cis-mQTLs including 51 associated with risk of endometriosis, highlighting candidate genes contributing to disease risk. Our work provides functional evidence for epigenetic targets contributing to endometriosis risk and pathogenesis. Data generated serve as a valuable resource for understanding tissue-specific effects of methylation on endometrial biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Mortlock
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Sahar Houshdaran
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Idit Kosti
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Camran Nezhat
- Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Camran Nezhat Institute, Center for Special Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, CA, USA
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shan V Andrews
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Parker Grosjean
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manish Paranjpe
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew W Horne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Jacoby
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeannette Lager
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Opoku-Anane
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kim Chi Vo
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Evelina Manvelyan
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sushmita Sen
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhanna Ghukasyan
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Frances Collins
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xavier Santamaria
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Group of Biomedical Research in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippa Saunders
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kord Kober
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allan F McRae
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Júlia Vallvé-Juanico
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Group of Biomedical Research in Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Becker
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- University of Melbourne Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Juan C Irwin
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Krina Zondervan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda Giudice
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Borg M, Wen SWC, Andersen RF, Timm S, Hansen TF, Hilberg O. Methylated Circulating Tumor DNA in Blood as a Tool for Diagnosing Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3959. [PMID: 37568774 PMCID: PMC10417522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Current screening methods using computed tomography have limitations, prompting interest in non-invasive diagnostic tools such as methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles. The search string contained three main topics: Lung cancer, blood, and methylated ctDNA. The extraction of data and quality assessment were carried out independently by the reviewers. In total, 33 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The most frequently studied genes were SHOX2, RASSF1A, and APC. The sensitivity and specificity of methylated ctDNA varied across studies, with a summary sensitivity estimate of 46.9% and a summary specificity estimate of 92.9%. The area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.81. The included studies were generally of acceptable quality, although they lacked information in certain areas. The risk of publication bias was not significant. Based on the findings, methylated ctDNA in blood shows potential as a rule-in tool for lung cancer diagnosis but requires further research, possibly in combination with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Borg
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (M.B.)
| | - Sara Witting Christensen Wen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fredslund Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Frøstrup Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (M.B.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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6
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Holuka C, Morel C, Roth S, Lamartinière Y, Mériaux SB, Paoli J, Guébels P, Duca RC, Godderis L, van Nieuwenhuyse A, Kremarik-Bouillaud P, Cariou R, Emond C, Schroeder H, Turner JD, Grova N. The epigenetic hallmark of early-life α-hexabromocyclododecane exposure: From cerebellar 6-mA levels to locomotor performance in adulthood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108103. [PMID: 37494814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that methylation at the N6 position of adenine (6-mA), whose modulation occurs primarily during development, would be a reliable epigenetic marker in eukaryotic organisms. The present study raises the question as to whether early-life exposure to α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), a brominated flame retardant, may trigger modifications in 6-mA epigenetic hallmarks in the brain during the development which, in turn could affect the offspring behaviour in adulthood. Pregnant Wistar rats were split into two groups: control and α-HBCDD (66 ng/kg/per os, G0-PND14). At PND1, α-HBCDD levels were assessed in brain and liver by LC-MS/MS. At PND14, DNA was isolated from the offspring's cerebellum. DNA methylation was measured by 6-mA-specific immunoprecipitation and Illumina® sequencing (MEDIP-Seq). Locomotor activity was finally evaluated at PND120. In our early-life exposure model, we confirmed that α-HBCDD can cross the placental barrier and be detected in pups at birth. An obvious post-exposure phenotype with locomotor deficits was observed when the rats reached adulthood. This was accompanied by sex-specific over-methylation of genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway as well as serotonergic and GABAergic synapses, potentially altering the normal process of neurodevelopment with consequent motor impairments crystalized at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Holuka
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Belval, Luxembourg.
| | - Chloé Morel
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Roth
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Yordenca Lamartinière
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Pauline Guébels
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Radu C Duca
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.
| | - An van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pascaline Kremarik-Bouillaud
- UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Claude Emond
- PKSH Inc., Crabtree, Quebec, Canada; School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
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7
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Mposhi A, Turner JD. How can early life adversity still exert an effect decades later? A question of timing, tissues and mechanisms. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215544. [PMID: 37457711 PMCID: PMC10348484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to any number of stressors during the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years is important in shaping an individual's life trajectory of health and disease. Despite the expanding range of stressors as well as later-life phenotypes and outcomes, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous data strongly suggests that early-life exposure to a stressor reduces the capacity of the immune system to generate subsequent generations of naïve cells, while others have shown that, early life stress impairs the capacity of neuronal stem cells to proliferate as they age. This leads us to the "stem cell hypothesis" whereby exposure to adversity during a sensitive period acts through a common mechanism in all the cell types by programming the tissue resident progenitor cells. Furthermore, we review the mechanistic differences observed in fully differentiated cells and suggest that early life adversity (ELA) may alter mitochondria in stem cells. This may consequently alter the destiny of these cells, producing the lifelong "supply" of functionally altered fully differentiated cells.
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Epigenetic changes in the CYP2D6 gene are related to severity of suicide attempt: A cross-sectional study of suicide attempters. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:217-224. [PMID: 36857986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to accurately estimate risk of suicide deaths on an individual level remains elusive. METHODS This study reports on a case-control study set-up from a well-characterized cohort of 88 predominantly female suicide attempters (SA), stratified into low- (n = 57) and high-risk groups (n = 31) based on reports of later death by suicide, as well as degree of intent-to-die and lethality of SA method. We perform an unbiased analysis of 12,930 whole-blood derived CpG-sites (Illumina Infinium EPIC BeadChip) previously demonstrated to be more conciliable with brain-derived variations. The candidate site was validated by pyrosequencing. External replication was performed in (1) relation to age at index suicide attempt in 97 women with emotionally unstable personality disorder (whole-blood) and (2) death by suicide in a mixed group of 183 prefrontal-cortex (PFC) derived samples who died by suicide or from non-psychiatric etiologies. RESULTS CYP2D6-coupled CpG-site cg07016288 was hypomethylated in severe suicidal behavior (p < 10E-06). Results were validated by pyrosequencing (p < 0.01). Replication analyses demonstrate hypomethylation of cg07016288 in relation to age at index SA in females (p < 0.05) and hypermethylation in PFC of male suicide completers (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Genotyping of CYP2D6 was not performed and CpG-site associations to gene expression were not explored. CONCLUSIONS CYP2D6-coupled epigenetic markers are hypomethylated in females in dependency of features known to confer increased risk of suicide deaths and hypermethylated in PFC of male suicide completers. Further elucidating the role of CYP2D6 in severe suicidality or suicide deaths hold promise to deduce clinically meaningful results.
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Zheng X, Wu W, Zhou Q, Lian Y, Xiang Y, Zhao X. Targeted bisulfite resequencing of differentially methylated cytosines in pre-eclampsia reveals a skewed dynamic balance in the DNA methylation of enhancers. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:265-279. [PMID: 36645190 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Widespread differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) with modest changes in methylation level are associated with PE, whereas their cause and biological significance remain unknown. We aimed to clarify DNA methylation patterns around DMCs in 103 placentas using MethylCap targeted bisulfite re-sequencing (MethylCap-seq) assays of 690 selected DMCs. We verified the MethylCap-seq method, then validated 677 (98.1%) of DMCs (vDMCs) in an independent cohort. The validated DMCs were strongly enriched in active placenta-specific enhancers and showed highly dynamic methylation levels. We found high epigenetic heterogeneity between vDMCs and adjacent CpG sites (r2 < 0.2) and a significant decrease in PE in the discovery and replication cohorts (P = 2.00 × 10-24 and 6.43 × 10-9, respectively). We replicated the methylation changes in a hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model. We constructed 112 methylation haplotype blocks and found that the frequencies of unmethylated haplotypes (UMHs) were dynamic with gestational age (GA) and were altered in maternal plasma of patients with PE. Our results uncovered additional DNA methylation features in PE placentas and suggested a model of skewed DNA methylation balance of enhancers in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zheng
- International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yahan Lian
- International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Xiang
- International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhao
- International Peace Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, 200030, Shanghai, China
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10
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Increased Methylation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ( BDNF) Is Related to Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder and Severity of Suicide Attempt in Women. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030350. [PMID: 36766691 PMCID: PMC9913473 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has previously been associated with the pathogenesis of both emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) and suicidal behavior. No study has yet investigated BDNF-associated epigenetic alterations in a group of severely impaired EUPD and suicidal patients. The discovery cohort consisted of 97 women with emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) with at least two serious suicide attempts (SAs) and 32 healthy female controls. The genome-wide methylation pattern was measured by the Illumina EPIC BeadChip and analyzed by robust linear regression models to investigate mean BDNF methylation levels in a targeted analysis conditioned upon severity of suicide attempt. The validation cohort encompassed 60 female suicide attempters, stratified into low- (n = 45) and high-risk groups (n = 15) based on degree of intent-to-die and lethality of SA method, and occurrence of death-by-suicide at follow-up. Mean BDNF methylation levels exhibited increased methylation in relation to EUPD (p = 0.0159, percentage mean group difference ~3.8%). Similarly, this locus was confirmed as higher-methylated in an independent cohort of females with severe suicidal behavior (p = 0.0300). Results were independent of age and BMI. This is the first study to reveal emerging evidence of epigenetic dysregulation of BDNF with dependence on features known to confer increased risk of suicide deaths (lethality of suicide-attempt method and presence of EUPD diagnosis with history of recent SAs). Further studies investigating epigenetic and genetic effects of BDNF on severe suicidal behavior and EUPD are needed to further elucidate the role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and neurotrophic factors in relation to suicide and EUPD, and hold potential to result in novel treatment methods.
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Schäfer Hackenhaar F, Josefsson M, Nordin Adolfsson A, Landfors M, Kauppi K, Porter T, Milicic L, Laws SM, Hultdin M, Adolfsson R, Degerman S, Pudas S. Sixteen-Year Longitudinal Evaluation of Blood-Based DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1443-1464. [PMID: 37393498 PMCID: PMC10473121 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation (DNAm), an epigenetic mark reflecting both inherited and environmental influences, has shown promise for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prediction. OBJECTIVE Testing long-term predictive ability (>15 years) of existing DNAm-based epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) measures and identifying novel early blood-based DNAm AD-prediction biomarkers. METHODS EAA measures calculated from Illumina EPIC data from blood were tested with linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) in a longitudinal case-control sample (50 late-onset AD cases; 51 matched controls) with prospective data up to 16 years before clinical onset, and post-onset follow-up. Novel DNAm biomarkers were generated with epigenome-wide LMMs, and Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis applied at pre- (10-16 years), and post-AD-onset time-points. RESULTS EAA did not differentiate cases from controls during the follow-up time (p > 0.05). Three new DNA biomarkers showed in-sample predictive ability on average 8 years pre-onset, after adjustment for age, sex, and white blood cell proportions (p-values: 0.022-<0.00001). Our longitudinally-derived panel replicated nominally (p = 0.012) in an external cohort (n = 146 cases, 324 controls). However, its effect size and discriminatory accuracy were limited compared to APOEɛ4-carriership (OR = 1.38 per 1 SD DNAm score increase versus OR = 13.58 for ɛ4-allele carriage; AUCs = 77.2% versus 87.0%). Literature review showed low overlap (n = 4) across 3275 AD-associated CpGs from 8 published studies, and no overlap with our identified CpGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Schäfer Hackenhaar
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Ageing and Demographic Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Magnus Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Beadell AV, Zhang Z, Capuano AW, Bennett DA, He C, Zhang W, Arvanitakis Z. Genome-Wide Mapping Implicates 5-Hydroxymethylcytosines in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1135-1151. [PMID: 37182870 PMCID: PMC10490934 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a recognized risk factor for dementia. Because DM is a potentially modifiable condition, greater understanding of the mechanisms linking DM to the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease dementia may provide insights into much needed dementia therapeutics. OBJECTIVE In this feasibility study, we investigated DM as a dementia risk factor by examining genome-wide distributions of the epigenetic DNA modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). METHODS We obtained biologic samples from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and used the highly sensitive 5hmC-Seal technique to perform genome-wide profiling of 5hmC in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from antemortem serum samples and in genomic DNA from postmortem prefrontal cortex brain tissue from 80 individuals across four groups: Alzheimer's disease neuropathologically defined (AD), DM clinically defined, AD with DM, and individuals with neither disease (controls). RESULTS Distinct 5hmC signatures and biological pathways were enriched in persons with both AD and DM versus AD alone, DM alone, or controls, including genes inhibited by EGFR signaling in oligodendroglia and those activated by constitutive RHOA. We also demonstrate the potential diagnostic value of 5hmC profiling in circulating cfDNA. Specifically, an 11-gene weighted model distinguished AD from non-AD/non-DM controls (AUC = 91.8%; 95% CI, 82.9-100.0%), while a 4-gene model distinguished DM-associated AD from AD alone (AUC = 87.9%; 95% CI, 77.5-98.3%). CONCLUSION We demonstrate in this small sample, the feasibility of detecting and characterizing 5hmC in DM-associated AD and of using 5hmC information contained in circulating cfDNA to detect AD in high-risk individuals, such as those with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana V Beadell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Selvestrel D, Stocco G, Aloi M, Arrigo S, Cardile S, Cecchin E, Congia M, Curci D, Gatti S, Graziano F, Langefeld CD, Lucafò M, Martelossi S, Martinelli M, Pagarin S, Scarallo L, Stacul EF, Strisciuglio C, Thompson S, Zuin G, Decorti G, Bramuzzo M. DNA methylation of the TPMT gene and azathioprine pharmacokinetics in children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113901. [PMID: 36462311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is a crucial enzyme for azathioprine biotransformation and its activity is higher in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) patients than in adolescents with IBD (aIBD). AIMS The aims of this pharmacoepigenetic study were to evaluate differences in peripheral blood DNA methylation of the TPMT gene and in azathioprine pharmacokinetics in patients with VEO-IBD compared to aIBD. METHODS The association of age with whole genome DNA methylation profile was evaluated in a pilot group of patients and confirmed by a meta-analysis on 3 cohorts of patients available on the public functional genomics data repository. Effects of candidate CpG sites in the TPMT gene were validated in a larger cohort using pyrosequencing. TPMT activity and azathioprine metabolites (TGN) were measured in patients' erythrocytes by HPLC and associated with patients' age group and TPMT DNA methylation. RESULTS Whole genome DNA methylation pilot analysis, combined with the meta-analysis revealed cg22736354, located on TPMT downstream neighboring region, as the only statistically significant CpG whose methylation increases with age, resulting lower in VEO-IBD patients compared to aIBD (median 9.6% vs 12%, p = 0.029). Pyrosequencing confirmed lower cg22736354 methylation in VEO-IBD patients (median 4.0% vs 6.0%, p = 4.6 ×10-5). No differences in TPMT promoter methylation were found. Reduced cg22736354 methylation was associated with lower TGN concentrations (rho = 0.31, p = 0.01) in patients with VEO-IBD and aIBD. CONCLUSION Methylation of cg22736354 in TPMT gene neighborhood is lower in patients with VEO-IBD and is associated with reduced azathioprine inactivation and increased TGN concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Aloi
- Women's and Children's Health Department, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Arrigo
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Institute 'Giannina Gaslini', Genoa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cardile
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mauro Congia
- Pediatric Clinic and Rare Diseases, Microcitemic Pediatric Hospital Antonio Cao, Azienda Ospedaliera Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Debora Curci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Gatti
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Martinelli
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sofia Pagarin
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Scarallo
- University of Florence-Meyer Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Departement of Woman, Child and General and Specialistic Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Thompson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giovanna Zuin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Foundation MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bramuzzo
- Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Nutrition Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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Lewis CR, Tafur J, Spencer S, Green JM, Harrison C, Kelmendi B, Rabin DM, Yehuda R, Yazar-Klosinski B, Cahn BR. Pilot study suggests DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) is associated with MDMA-assisted therapy treatment response for severe PTSD. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:959590. [PMID: 36815187 PMCID: PMC9939628 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.959590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has demonstrated that epigenetic changes in specific hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) genes may predict successful psychotherapy in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A recent Phase 3 clinical trial reported high efficacy of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for treating patients with severe PTSD compared to a therapy with placebo group (NCT03537014). This raises important questions regarding potential mechanisms of MDMA-assisted therapy. In the present study, we examined epigenetic changes in three key HPA axis genes before and after MDMA and placebo with therapy. As a pilot sub-study to the parent clinical trial, we assessed potential HPA epigenetic predictors for treatment response with genomic DNA derived from saliva (MDMA, n = 16; placebo, n = 7). Methylation levels at all 259 CpG sites annotated to three HPA genes (CRHR1, FKBP5, and NR3C1) were assessed in relation to treatment response as measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5; Total Severity Score). Second, group (MDMA vs. placebo) differences in methylation change were assessed for sites that predicted treatment response. Results Methylation change across groups significantly predicted symptom reduction on 37 of 259 CpG sites tested, with two sites surviving false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Further, the MDMA-treatment group showed more methylation change compared to placebo on one site of the NR3C1 gene. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that therapy-related PTSD symptom improvements may be related to DNA methylation changes in HPA genes and such changes may be greater in those receiving MDMA-assisted therapy. These findings can be used to generate hypothesis driven analyses for future studies with larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace R. Lewis
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Candace R. Lewis,
| | | | - Sophie Spencer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Joseph M. Green
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Benjamin Kelmendi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Baruch Rael Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Baruch Rael Cahn,
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Cheng X, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Wang F, He J, Wang R, Xu Y, Keerman M, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Bi J, Yao J, He M. Plasma PFOA and PFOS Levels, DNA Methylation, and Blood Lipid Levels: A Pilot Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17039-17051. [PMID: 36374530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is associated with blood lipids in adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This pilot study aimed to investigate the associations between PFOA or PFOS and epigenome-wide DNA methylation and assess the mediating effect of DNA methylation on the PFOA/PFOS-blood lipid association. We measured plasma PFOA/PFOS and leukocyte DNA methylation in 98 patients enrolled from the hospital between October 2018 and August 2019. The median plasma PFOA/PFOS levels were 0.85 and 2.29 ng/mL. Plasma PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly associated with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels. There were 63/87 CpG positions and 8/11 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with plasma PFOA/PFOS levels, respectively. In addition, 5 CpG positions (annotated to AFF3, CREB5, NRG2, USF2, and intergenic region) and one DMR annotated to IRF6 may mediate the association between plasma PFOA/PFOS and LDL levels (mediated proportion from 7.29 to 46.77%); two CpG positions may mediate the association between plasma PFOA/PFOS and TC levels (annotated to CREB5 and USF2, mediated proportion is around 30%). The data suggest that PFOA/PFOS exposure alters DNA methylation. More importantly, the association of PFOA/PFOS with lipid indicators was partly mediated by DNA methylation changes in lipid metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zefang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mulatibieke Keerman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiao Bi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinqiu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
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Desmettre T, Gatinel D, Leveziel N. Épigénétique et myopie : mécanismes et perspectives thérapeutiques. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:1209-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chalfun G, Araújo Brasil AD, Paravidino VB, Soares-Lima SC, Souza Almeida Lopes MD, Santos Salú MD, Barbosa E Dos Santos PV, P da Cunha Trompiere AC, Vieira Milone LT, Rodrigues-Santos G, Genuíno de Oliveira MB, Robaina JR, Lima-Setta F, Reis MM, Ledo Alves da Cunha AJ, Prata-Barbosa A, de Magalhães-Barbosa MC. NR3C1 gene methylation and cortisol levels in preterm and healthy full-term infants in the first 3 months of life. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1545-1561. [PMID: 36861354 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To describe NR3C1 exon-1F methylation and cortisol levels in newborns. Materials & methods: Preterm ≤1500 g and full-term infants were included. Samples were collected at birth and at days 5, 30 and 90 (or at discharge). Results: 46 preterm and 49 full-term infants were included. Methylation was stable over time in full-term infants (p = 0.3116) but decreased in preterm infants (p = 0.0241). Preterm infants had higher cortisol levels on the fifth day, while full-term infants showed increasing levels (p = 0.0177) over time. Conclusion: Hypermethylated sites in NR3C1 at birth and higher cortisol levels on day 5 suggest that prematurity, reflecting prenatal stress, affects the epigenome. Methylation decrease over time in preterm infants suggests that postnatal factors may modify the epigenome, but their role needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Chalfun
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
- Department of Neonatology, Maternity School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, 22240-000, Brazil
| | - Aline de Araújo Brasil
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550-013, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education & Sports, Naval Academy, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20021-010, Brazil
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20230-130, Brazil
| | | | - Margarida Dos Santos Salú
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leo Travassos Vieira Milone
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues-Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Rodrigues Robaina
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lima-Setta
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Martins Reis
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Antônio José Ledo Alves da Cunha
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Perinatal Health, Maternity School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, 22240-000, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, D'Or Institute for Research & Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22281-100, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Perinatal Health, Maternity School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, 22240-000, Brazil
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Childhood Trauma and Epigenetics: State of the Science and Future. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:661-672. [PMID: 36242743 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a great deal of interest regarding the biological embedding of childhood trauma and social exposures through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), but a comprehensive understanding has been hindered by issues of limited reproducibility between studies. This review presents a summary of the literature on childhood trauma and DNAm, highlights issues in the field, and proposes some potential solutions. RECENT FINDINGS Investigations of the associations between DNAm and childhood trauma are commonly performed using candidate gene approaches, specifically involving genes related to neurological and stress pathways. Childhood trauma is defined in a wide range of ways in several societal contexts. However, although variations in DNAm are frequently found in stress-related genes, unsupervised epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown limited reproducibility both between studies and in relating these changes to exposures. The reproducibility of childhood trauma DNAm studies, and the field of social epigenetics in general, may be improved by increasing sample sizes, standardizing variables, making use of effect size thresholds, collecting longitudinal and intervention samples, appropriately accounting for known confounding factors, and applying causal analysis wherever possible, such as "two-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization."
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Alvizi L, Brito LA, Kobayashi GS, Bischain B, da Silva CBF, Ramos SLG, Wang J, Passos-Bueno MR. m ir152 hypomethylation as a mechanism for non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2278-2295. [PMID: 36047706 PMCID: PMC9665146 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP), the most common human craniofacial malformation, is a complex disorder given its genetic heterogeneity and multifactorial component revealed by genetic, epidemiological, and epigenetic findings. Epigenetic variations associated with NSCLP have been identified; however, functional investigation has been limited. Here, we combined a reanalysis of NSCLP methylome data with genetic analysis and used both in vitro and in vivo approaches to dissect the functional effects of epigenetic changes. We found a region in mir152 that is frequently hypomethylated in NSCLP cohorts (21-26%), leading to mir152 overexpression. mir152 overexpression in human neural crest cells led to downregulation of spliceosomal, ribosomal, and adherens junction genes. In vivo analysis using zebrafish embryos revealed that mir152 upregulation leads to craniofacial cartilage impairment. Also, we suggest that zebrafish embryonic hypoxia leads to mir152 upregulation combined with mir152 hypomethylation and also analogous palatal alterations. We therefore propose that mir152 hypomethylation, potentially induced by hypoxia in early development, is a novel and frequent predisposing factor to NSCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alvizi
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luciano Abreu Brito
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Bárbara Bischain
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jaqueline Wang
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Zheng X, Zhao X. A hypothetical model of skewed DNA methylation balance in the enhancer regions containing differentially methylated cytosines associated with non-malignant complex diseases. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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No evidence for intervention-associated DNA methylation changes in monocytes of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17347. [PMID: 36253434 PMCID: PMC9576776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation patterns can be responsive to environmental influences. This observation has sparked interest in the potential for psychological interventions to influence epigenetic processes. Recent studies have observed correlations between DNA methylation changes and therapy outcome. However, most did not control for changes in cell composition. This study had two aims: first, we sought to replicate therapy-associated changes in DNA methylation of commonly assessed candidate genes in isolated monocytes from 60 female patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our second, exploratory goal was to identify novel genomic regions with substantial pre-to-post intervention DNA methylation changes by performing whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) in two patients with PTSD. Equivalence testing and Bayesian analyses provided evidence against physiologically meaningful intervention-associated DNA methylation changes in monocytes of PTSD patients in commonly investigated target genes (NR3C1, FKBP5, SLC6A4, OXTR). Furthermore, WGBS yielded only a limited set of candidate regions with suggestive evidence of differential DNA methylation pre- to post-therapy. These differential DNA methylation patterns did not prove replicable when investigated in the entire cohort. We conclude that there is no evidence for major, recurrent intervention-associated DNA methylation changes in the investigated genes in monocytes of patients with PTSD.
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Milner JJ, Zadinsky JK. Nursing Informatics and Epigenetics: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Patient-Focused Research. Comput Inform Nurs 2022; 40:515-520. [PMID: 35929740 PMCID: PMC9365264 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Milner
- Author Affiliation: College of Nursing, Augusta University
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Bahado-Singh R, Vlachos KT, Aydas B, Gordevicius J, Radhakrishna U, Vishweswaraiah S. Precision Oncology: Artificial Intelligence and DNA Methylation Analysis of Circulating Cell-Free DNA for Lung Cancer Detection. Front Oncol 2022; 12:790645. [PMID: 35600397 PMCID: PMC9114890 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.790645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-deaths globally. Its lethality is due in large part to the paucity of accurate screening markers. Precision Medicine includes the use of omics technology and novel analytic approaches for biomarker development. We combined Artificial Intelligence (AI) and DNA methylation analysis of circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA), to identify putative biomarkers for and to elucidate the pathogenesis of LC. Methods Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array analysis was used to measure cytosine (CpG) methylation changes across the genome in LC. Six different AI platforms including support vector machine (SVM) and Deep Learning (DL) were used to identify CpG biomarkers and for LC detection. Training set and validation sets were generated, and 10-fold cross validation performed. Gene enrichment analysis using g:profiler and GREAT enrichment was used to elucidate the LC pathogenesis. Results Using a stringent GWAS significance threshold, p-value <5x10-8, we identified 4389 CpGs (cytosine methylation loci) in coding genes and 1812 CpGs in non-protein coding DNA regions that were differentially methylated in LC. SVM and three other AI platforms achieved an AUC=1.00; 95% CI (0.90-1.00) for LC detection. DL achieved an AUC=1.00; 95% CI (0.95-1.00) and 100% sensitivity and specificity. High diagnostic accuracies were achieved with only intragenic or only intergenic CpG loci. Gene enrichment analysis found dysregulation of molecular pathways involved in the development of small cell and non-small cell LC. Conclusion Using AI and DNA methylation analysis of ctDNA, high LC detection rates were achieved. Further, many of the genes that were epigenetically altered are known to be involved in the biology of neoplasms in general and lung cancer in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Kyriacos T Vlachos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Wayne State School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Buket Aydas
- Department of Healthcare Analytics, Meridian Health Plans, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, United States
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Gråberg T, Bergman EA, Strömmer L, Sjöholm LK, Wikström AC, Winqvist O, Winerdal M. Genetic variability in exon 1 of the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1 is associated with postoperative complications. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:198. [PMID: 35445734 PMCID: PMC9052000 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing major surgery experience postoperative inflammation, which may contribute to postoperative morbidity. Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are an essential part of the stress response, but this response varies between individuals, which may in turn affect clinical outcome and specifically postoperative inflammation. Exon 1 of the NR3C1 gene, encoding the GC receptor (GR), contains an established region of differential regulation. DNA methylation patterns in this region have been found to differ between individuals. The present study investigated the methylation status and genotype in the cytosine‑phosphate‑guanine (CpG) island in exon 1 of NR3C1 in 24 patients [Median age 65.5 (range 42‑81) years, 11 male, 13 female] who underwent major abdominal (12 pancreatic, 12 hepatic) surgery and explored its association with postoperative complications. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and underwent targeted bisulfite sequencing of the CpG island. Complications were graded according to the Clavien‑Dindo classification and 14 out of 24 patients had postoperative complications. Multifactorial and partial least square analyses were used to analyse the data. A homogenous demethylated pattern was observed in all patients and no single CpG methylation was associated with postoperative complications. Four SNPs were significantly associated with higher Clavien‑Dindo scores. Genetic variability in the chromosome 5:143,402,505‑143,405,805 region of exon 1 of the GR gene NR3C1, but not DNA methylation, was associated with more severe postoperative complications in patients having major abdominal surgery. These results indicated that the patients' response to GCs may be of clinical importance for inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truls Gråberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlén Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Strömmer
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise K Sjöholm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Wikström
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Max Winerdal
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Yamazaki M, Yamada H, Munetsuna E, Maeda K, Ando Y, Mizuno G, Fujii R, Tsuboi Y, Ohashi K, Ishikawa H, Hashimoto S, Hamajima N, Suzuki K. DNA methylation level of the gene encoding thioredoxin-interacting protein in peripheral blood cells is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Japanese general population. Endocr J 2022; 69:319-326. [PMID: 34645728 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is cluster of metabolic diseases, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, that directly escalate the risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a binding protein for thioredoxin, a molecule that is a key inhibitor of cellular oxidation, and thus regulates the cellular redox state. Epigenetic alteration of the TXNIP-encoding locus has been associated with components of MetS. In the present study, we sought to determine whether the level of TXNIP methylation in blood is associated with MetS in the general Japanese population. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood cells of 37 subjects with and 392 subjects without MetS. The level of TXNIP methylation at cg19693031 was assessed by the bisulfite-pyrosequencing method. We observed that TXNIP methylation levels were lower in MetS subjects (median 74.9%, range 71.7-78.4%) than in non-MetS subjects (median 77.7%, range 74.4-80.5%; p = 0.0024). Calculation of the confounding factor-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hypomethylation revealed that subjects with MetS exhibited significantly higher ORs for hypomethylation than did those without MetS (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.33-6.62; p = 0.009). Our findings indicated that lower levels of TXNIP methylation are associated with MetS in the general Japanese population. Altered levels of DNA methylation in TXNIP at cg19693031 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu 761-0123, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yamada
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Eiji Munetsuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ando
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Genki Mizuno
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuboi
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ishikawa
- Department of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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Folger AT, Nidey N, Ding L, Ji H, Yolton K, Ammerman RT, Bowers KA. Association Between Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neonatal SCG5 DNA Methylation-Effect Modification by Prenatal Home Visiting. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:636-645. [PMID: 34791022 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal childhood adversity and trauma may elicit biological changes that impact the next generation through epigenetic responses measured in DNA methylation (DNAm). These epigenetic associations could be modified by the early postnatal environment through protective factors, such as early childhood home visiting (HV) programs that aim to mitigate deleterious intergenerational effects of adversity. In a cohort of 53 mother-child pairs recruited in 2015-2016 for the Pregnancy and Infant Development Study (Cincinnati, Ohio), we examined the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and neonatal DNAm in the secretogranin V gene (SCG5), which is important in neuroendocrine function. We examined prenatal HV as an effect modifier. Mothers completed a questionnaire on ACEs during pregnancy, and infant buccal samples were collected 1 month postpartum. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between maternal ACEs and neonatal DNAm expressed as M-values averaged across 4 cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide sites. A higher number of maternal ACEs (>3) was associated with a 5.79-percentage-point lower offspring DNAm (95% confidence interval: -10.44, -1.14), and the association was modified by the number of home visits received during pregnancy. In a population of at-risk mother-child dyads, preliminary evidence suggests that maternal ACEs have a relationship with offspring SCG5 DNAm that differs by the amount of prenatal HV.
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Liu J, Ren Z, Yang L, Zhu L, li Y, Bie C, Liu H, Ji Y, Chen D, Zhu M, Kuang W. The NSUN5-FTH1/FTL pathway mediates ferroptosis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:99. [PMID: 35249107 PMCID: PMC8898311 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFerroptosis is a type of cell death induced by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Inhibiting ferroptosis is important for improving the survival of transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Although it is known that NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 5 (NSUN5) post-transcriptionally regulates ferroptosis in BMSCs through RNA methylation, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects have not been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that NSUN5 is downregulated in erastin-induced ferroptosis in BMSCs. Ferroptosis was inhibited by the overexpression of NSUN5 or ferritin heavy chain/light-chain (FTH1/FTL) and was enhanced by NSUN5 knockdown. RNA immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that NSUN5 binds to FTH1/FTL, while NSUN5 depletion reduced the levels of 5-methylcytosine in FTH1/FTL RNA and increased intracellular iron concentrations, resulting in the downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and the accumulation of ROS and lipid peroxidation products. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the recognition of FTH1 and FTL by NSUN5 is dependent on the recruitment of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1). These results suggested that the NSUN5-FTH1/FTL pathway mediates ferroptosis in BMSCs and that the therapeutic targeting of components of this pathway may promote resistance to ferroptosis and improve the survival of transplanted BMSCs.
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Müller S, Moser D, Frach L, Wimberger P, Nitzsche K, Li SC, Kirschbaum C, Alexander N. No long-term effects of antenatal synthetic glucocorticoid exposure on epigenetic regulation of stress-related genes. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:62. [PMID: 35173143 PMCID: PMC8850596 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal synthetic glucocorticoid (sGC) treatment is a potent modifier of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this context, epigenetic modifications are discussed as potential regulators explaining how prenatal exposure to GCs might translate into persistent changes of HPA axis "functioning". The purpose of this study was to investigate whether DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of stress-associated genes (NR3C1; FKBP5; SLC6A4) may mediate the persistent effects of sGC on cortisol stress reactivity that have been previously observed. In addition, hair cortisol concentrations (hairC) were investigated as a valid biomarker of long-term HPA axis activity. This cross-sectional study comprised 108 term-born children and adolescents, including individuals with antenatal GC treatment and controls. From whole blood, DNA methylation was analyzed by targeted deep bisulfite sequencing. Relative mRNA expression was determined by RT-qPCR experiments and qBase analysis. Acute stress reactivity was assessed by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) measuring salivary cortisol by ELISA and hairC concentrations were determined from hair samples by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. First, no differences in DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels of the stress-associated genes between individuals treated with antenatal sGC compared to controls were found. Second, DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels were neither associated with cortisol stress reactivity nor with hairC. These findings do not corroborate the belief that DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles of stress-associated genes (NR3C1; FKBP5; SLC6A4) play a key mediating role of the persistent effects of sGC on HPA axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Müller
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Dirk Moser
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonard Frach
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP UK
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Nitzsche
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01602 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257CeTI – Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop, Technische Universität Dresden, Georg-Schumann-Str. 9, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01602 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nina Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Multi-level hypothalamic neuromodulation of self-regulation and cognition in preterm infants: Towards a control systems model. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2022; 9:100109. [PMID: 35755927 PMCID: PMC9216652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mavioglu RN, Ramo-Fernandez L, Gumpp AM, Kolassa IT, Karabatsiakis A. A history of childhood maltreatment is associated with altered DNA methylation levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 in maternal but not neonatal mononuclear immune cells. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:945343. [PMID: 36440389 PMCID: PMC9685310 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.945343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) especially in stress response genes. Due to the higher risk of overall health complications of individuals with a parental history of CM, intergenerational transmission of CM-associated DNAm changes has been investigated but remains unclear. In this study, we investigated if different severities of CM have any influence on the DNAm of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), an important enzyme of the DNAm machinery, in immune and buccal cells of mother-newborn dyads. DNAm was assessed by mass spectrometry using immune cell DNA from mothers (N = 117) and their newborns (N = 113), and buccal cell DNA of mother-newborn dyads (N = 68 each). Mothers with a history of CM had lower mean methylation of DNMT1 in immune cells compared to the mothers without a CM history. CM status only influenced maternal DNMT1 gene expression when at least moderate CM was reported. Buccal cell DNAm was not associated with CM status. Maternal history of CM was not linked to any alterations in DNMT1 mean DNAm in any of the cell types studied in newborns. We conclude that the CM-associated alterations in DNMT1 DNAm might point to allostatic load and can be physiologically relevant, especially in individuals with more severe CM experiences, resulting in an activated DNA methylation machinery that might influence stress response genes. Our lack of significant findings in buccal cells shows the tissue-specific effects of CM on DNAm. In our sample with low to moderate maternal CM history, there was no intergenerational transmission of DNMT1 DNAm in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Nehir Mavioglu
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Ramo-Fernandez
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja M Gumpp
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology II, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Cortes LR, Cisternas CD, Cabahug INKV, Mason D, Ramlall EK, Castillo-Ruiz A, Forger NG. DNA Methylation and Demethylation Underlie the Sex Difference in Estrogen Receptor Alpha in the Arcuate Nucleus. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:636-648. [PMID: 34547753 PMCID: PMC8934748 DOI: 10.1159/000519671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurons expressing estrogen receptor (ER) ɑ in the arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus sex-specifically control energy homeostasis, sexual behavior, and bone density. Females have more ERɑ neurons in the VMH and ARC than males, and the sex difference in the VMH is eliminated by neonatal treatment with testosterone or a DNA methylation inhibitor. OBJECTIVE Here, we tested the roles of testosterone and DNA methylation/demethylation in development of ERɑ in the ARC. METHODS ERɑ was examined at birth and weaning in mice that received vehicle or testosterone subcutaneously, and vehicle or DNA methyltransferase inhibitor intracerebroventricularly, as neonates. To examine effects of DNA demethylation on the ERɑ cell number in the ARC, mice were treated neonatally with small interfering RNAs against ten-eleven translocase enzymes. The methylation status of the ERɑ gene (Esr1) was determined in the ARC and VMH using pyrosequencing of bisulfite-converted DNA. RESULTS A sex difference in ERɑ in the ARC, favoring females, developed between birth and weaning and was due to programming effects of testosterone. Neonatal inhibition of DNA methylation decreased ERɑ in the ARC of females, and an inhibition of <underline>de</underline>methylation increased ERɑ in the ARC of males. The promoter region of Esr1 exhibited a small sex difference in percent of total methylation in the ARC (females > males) that was opposite to that in the VMH (males > females). CONCLUSION DNA methylation and demethylation regulate ERɑ cell number in the ARC, and methylation correlates with activation of Esr1 in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Cortes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carla D Cisternas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferrreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Damian Mason
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emma K Ramlall
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Nancy G Forger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Vachharajani V. Sirtuins and Sepsis: Cross Talk between Redox and Epigenetic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010003. [PMID: 35052507 PMCID: PMC8772830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients in the US. The immune response in sepsis transitions from a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant hyper-inflammation to an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective hypo-inflammatory phase. While 1/3rd sepsis-related deaths occur during hyper-, a vast majority of sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypo-inflammation. Hyper-inflammation is cytotoxic for the immune cells and cannot be sustained. As a compensatory mechanism, the immune cells transition from cytotoxic hyper-inflammation to a cytoprotective hypo-inflammation with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phase. However, the hypo-inflammation is associated with an inability to clear invading pathogens, leaving the host susceptible to secondary infections. Thus, the maladaptive immune response leads to a marked departure from homeostasis during sepsis-phases. The transition from hyper- to hypo-inflammation occurs via epigenetic programming. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of histone deacetylators and guardians of homeostasis, are integral to the epigenetic programming in sepsis. Through their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, the sirtuins modulate the immune response in sepsis. We review the role of sirtuins in orchestrating the interplay between the oxidative stress and epigenetic programming during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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Viraragavan A, Willmer T, Patel O, Basson A, Johnson R, Pheiffer C. Cafeteria diet induces global and Slc27a3-specific hypomethylation in male Wistar rats. Adipocyte 2021; 10:108-118. [PMID: 33570456 PMCID: PMC7889207 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1886697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with metabolic dysfunction, while subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is considered protective. The mechanisms underlying these differences are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate molecular differences in VAT and SAT of male Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet (CD) or a standard rodent diet (STD) for three months. The expression of fatty acid metabolism genes was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Global and gene-specific DNA methylation was quantified using the Imprint® Methylated DNA Quantification Kit and pyrosequencing, respectively. Bodyweight, retroperitoneal fat mass, insulin resistance, leptin and triglyceride concentrations and adipocyte hypertrophy were higher in CD- compared to STD-fed rats. The expression of solute carrier family 27 member 3 (Slc27a3), a fatty acid transporter, was 9.6-fold higher in VAT and 6.3-fold lower in SAT of CD- versus STD-fed rats. Taqman probes confirmed increased Slc27a3 expression, while pyrosequencing showed Slc27a3 hypomethylation in VAT of CD- compared to STD-fed rats. The CD decreased global methylation in both VAT and SAT, although no depot differences were observed. Dysregulated fatty acid influx in VAT, in response to a CD, provides insight into the mechanisms underlying depot-differences in adipose tissue expansion during obesity and metabolic disease. Abbreviations: CD: cafeteria diet; E2F1: E2F Transcription Factor 1; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; GCF: GC-Rich Sequence DNA-Binding Factor; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model for insulin resistance; NKX2-1: NK2 homeobox 1; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RF: retroperitoneal fat; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; Slc27a3: solute carrier family 27 member 3; STD: standard diet; TNFα: tumour necrosis factor alpha; TTS: transcriptional start site; T2D: Type 2 Diabetes; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; WT1 I: Wilms’ tumour protein 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsha Viraragavan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Willmer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Oelfah Patel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Albertus Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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34
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Chatzittofis A, Boström ADE, Ciuculete DM, Öberg KG, Arver S, Schiöth HB, Jokinen J. HPA axis dysregulation is associated with differential methylation of CpG-sites in related genes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20134. [PMID: 34635736 PMCID: PMC8505644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation shifts in Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis related genes is reported in psychiatric disorders including hypersexual disorder. This study, comprising 20 dexamethasone suppression test (DST) non-suppressors and 73 controls, examined the association between the HPA axis dysregulation, shifts in DNA methylation of HPA axis related genes and importantly, gene expression. Individuals with cortisol level ≥ 138 nmol/l, after the low dose (0.5 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were classified as non-suppressors. Genome-wide methylation pattern, measured in whole blood using the EPIC BeadChip, investigated CpG sites located within 2000 bp of the transcriptional start site of key HPA axis genes, i.e.: CRH, CRHBP, CRHR-1, CRHR-2, FKBP5 and NR3C1. Regression models including DNA methylation M-values and the binary outcome (DST non-suppression status) were performed. Gene transcripts with an abundance of differentially methylated CpG sites were identified with binomial tests. Pearson correlations and robust linear regressions were performed between CpG methylation and gene expression in two independent cohorts. Six of 76 CpG sites were significantly hypermethylated in DST non-suppressors (nominal P < 0.05), associated with genes CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, FKBP5 and NR3C1. NR3C1 transcript AJ877169 showed statistically significant abundance of probes differentially methylated by DST non-suppression status and correlated with DST cortisol levels. Further, methylation levels of cg07733851 and cg27122725 were positively correlated with gene expression levels of the NR3C1 gene. Methylation levels of cg08636224 (FKBP5) correlated with baseline cortisol and gene expression. Our findings revealed that DNA methylation shifts are involved in the altered mechanism of the HPA axis suggesting that new epigenetic targets should be considered behind psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Chatzittofis
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Adrian Desai E Boström
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Neuropaediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Katarina Görts Öberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Arver
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience/Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Fernandes SB, Patil ND, Meriaux S, Theresine M, Muller CP, Leenen FAD, Elwenspoek MMC, Zimmer J, Turner JD. Unbiased Screening Identifies Functional Differences in NK Cells After Early Life Psychosocial Stress. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674532. [PMID: 34394074 PMCID: PMC8363253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Life Adversity (ELA) is closely associated with the risk for developing diseases later in life, such as autoimmune diseases, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In humans, early parental separation, physical and sexual abuse or low social-economic status during childhood are known to have great impact on brain development, in the hormonal system and immune responses. Maternal deprivation (MD) is the closest animal model available to the human situation. This paradigm induces long lasting behavioral effects, causes changes in the HPA axis and affects the immune system. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in the immune response after ELA are still not fully understood. In this study we investigated how ELA changes the immune system, through an unbiased analysis, viSNE, and addressed specially the NK immune cell population and its functionality. We have demonstrated that maternal separation, in both humans and rats, significantly affects the sensitivity of the immune system in adulthood. Particularly, NK cells’ profile and response to target cell lines are significantly changed after ELA. These immune cells in rats are not only less cytotoxic towards YAC-1 cells, but also show a clear increase in the expression of maturation markers after 3h of maternal separation. Similarly, individuals who suffered from ELA display significant changes in the cytotoxic profile of NK cells together with decreased degranulation capacity. These results suggest that one of the key mechanisms by which the immune system becomes impaired after ELA might be due to a shift on the senescent state of the cells, specifically NK cells. Elucidation of such a mechanism highlights the importance of ELA prevention and how NK targeted immunotherapy might help attenuating ELA consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Fernandes
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Neha D Patil
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Meriaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maud Theresine
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fleur A D Leenen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Martha M C Elwenspoek
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Doctoral School in Systems and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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36
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Vrettou M, Yan L, Nilsson KW, Wallén-Mackenzie Å, Nylander I, Comasco E. DNA methylation of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters in the mesocorticolimbic brain following early-life stress and adult ethanol exposure-an explorative study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15322. [PMID: 34321562 PMCID: PMC8319394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and gene expression can be altered by early life stress (ELS) and/or ethanol consumption. The present study aimed to investigate whether DNA methylation of the Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (Vglut)1-3 is related to previously observed Vglut1-3 transcriptional differences in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (Acb), dorsal striatum (dStr) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of adult rats exposed to ELS, modelled by maternal separation, and voluntary ethanol consumption. Targeted next-generation bisulfite sequencing was performed to identify the methylation levels on 61 5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanosine-3′ sites (CpGs) in potential regulatory regions of Vglut1, 53 for Vglut2, and 51 for Vglut3. In the VTA, ELS in ethanol-drinking rats was associated with Vglut1-2 CpG-specific hypomethylation, whereas bidirectional Vglut2 methylation differences at single CpGs were associated with ELS alone. Exposure to both ELS and ethanol, in the Acb, was associated with lower promoter and higher intronic Vglut3 methylation; and in the dStr, with higher and lower methylation in 26% and 43% of the analyzed Vglut1 CpGs, respectively. In the mPFC, lower Vglut2 methylation was observed upon exposure to ELS or ethanol. The present findings suggest Vglut1-3 CpG-specific methylation signatures of ELS and ethanol drinking, underlying previously reported Vglut1-3 transcriptional differences in the mesocorticolimbic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrettou
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research Västerås, Uppsala University, Västmanland County Hospital Västerås, Uppsala, Sweden.,The School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | | | - Ingrid Nylander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Comasco
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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37
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Rasmusson AJ, Gallwitz M, Soltanabadi B, Ciuculete DM, Mengel-From J, Christensen K, Nygaard M, Soerensen M, Boström AE, Fredriksson R, Freyhult E, Mwinyi J, Czamara D, Binder EB, Schiöth HB, Cunningham JL. Toll-like receptor 4 methylation grade is linked to depressive symptom severity. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:371. [PMID: 34226490 PMCID: PMC8257733 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores potential associations between the methylation of promoter-associated CpG sites of the toll-like receptor (TLR)-family, plasma levels of pro-inflammatory proteins and depressive symptoms in young female psychiatric patients. Ratings of depressive symptoms and blood samples were obtained from 92 young women seeking psychiatric care. Methylation of 32 promoter-associated CpG sites in TLR1 to TLR10 was analysed using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. Expression levels of 91 inflammatory proteins were determined by proximity extension assay. Statistical correlations between depressive state, TLR1-10 methylation and inflammatory proteins were investigated. Four additional cohorts were studied to evaluate the generalizability of the findings. In the discovery cohort, methylation grade of cg05429895 (TLR4) in blood was inversely correlated with depressive symptoms score in young adults. After correction for multiple testing, plasma levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β/CCL4) were associated with both TLR4 methylation and depressive symptom severity. A similar inverse association between TLR4 methylation in blood and affective symptoms score was also found in a cohort of 148 both males and females (<40 years of age) from the Danish Twin Registry. These findings were not, however, replicated in three other external cohorts; which differed from the first two cohorts by a higher age and mixed ethnicities, thus limiting the generalizability of our findings. However, TLR4 methylation inversely correlated with TLR4 mRNA expression in the Danish Twin Study indicating a functional significance of methylation at this particular CpG. Higher depression scores in young Scandinavian adults was associated with decreased methylation of TLR4 in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica J Rasmusson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maike Gallwitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bardia Soltanabadi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diana M Ciuculete
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Adrian E Boström
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Entrance 10, Floor 3B, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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38
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Plante DT, Papale LA, Madrid A, Cook JD, Prairie ML, Alisch RS. PAX8/PAX8-AS1 DNA methylation levels are associated with objective sleep duration in persons with unexplained hypersomnolence using a deep phenotyping approach. Sleep 2021; 44:6305146. [PMID: 34145460 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Patients with unexplained hypersomnolence have significant impairment related to daytime sleepiness and excessive sleep duration, the biological bases of which are poorly understood. This investigation sought to examine relationships between objectively measured hypersomnolence phenotypes and epigenetic modification of candidate hypersomnolence genes to advance this line of inquiry. METHODS Twenty-eight unmedicated clinical patients with unexplained hypersomnolence were evaluated using overnight ad libitum polysomnography, multiple sleep latency testing, infrared pupillometry, and the psychomotor vigilance task. DNA methylation levels on CpG sites annotated to 11 a priori hypersomnolence candidate genes were assessed for statistical association with hypersomnolence measures using independent regression models with adjusted local index of significance (aLIS) P-value threshold of 0.05. RESULTS Nine CpG sites exhibited significant associations between DNA methylation levels and total sleep time measured using ad libitum polysomnography (aLIS p-value < .05). All nine differentially methylated CpG sites were annotated to the paired box 8 (PAX8) gene and its related antisense gene (PAX8-AS1). Among these nine differentially methylated positions was a cluster of five CpG sites located in the body of the PAX8 gene and promoter of PAX8-AS1. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that PAX8/PAX8-AS1 DNA methylation levels are associated with total sleep time in persons with unexplained hypersomnolence. Given prior investigations that have implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms in PAX8/PAX8-AS1 with habitual sleep duration, further research that clarifies the role of DNA methylation levels on these genes in the phenotypic expression of total sleep time is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andy Madrid
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Madison, WI.,Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI
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Ramzan F, Vickers MH, Mithen RF. Epigenetics, microRNA and Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095047. [PMID: 34068765 PMCID: PMC8126218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the DNA chemistry changes that result in the modification of gene transcription and translation independently of the underlying DNA coding sequence. Epigenetic modifications are reported to involve various molecular mechanisms, including classical epigenetic changes affecting DNA methylation and histone modifications and small RNA-mediated processes, particularly that of microRNAs. Epigenetic changes are reversible and are closely interconnected. They are recognised to play a critical role as mediators of gene regulation, and any alteration in these mechanisms has been identified to mediate various pathophysiological conditions. Moreover, genetic predisposition and environmental factors, including dietary alterations, lifestyle or metabolic status, are identified to interact with the human epigenome, highlighting the importance of epigenetic factors as underlying processes in the aetiology of various diseases such as MetS. This review will reflect on how both the classical and microRNA-regulated epigenetic changes are associated with the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. We will then focus on the various aspects of epigenetic-based strategies used to modify MetS outcomes, including epigenetic diet, epigenetic drugs, epigenome editing tools and miRNA-based therapies.
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40
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Nair N, Barton A, Wilson AG. Cell-specific epigenetic drivers of pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Epigenomics 2021; 13:549-560. [PMID: 33820439 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex, inflammatory autoimmune disease, which is characterized by pain, swelling and joint damage driven by the altered behavior of a number of different cell types such as synovial fibroblasts macrophages and lymphocytes. The mechanism underlying pathogenesis is unclear but increasing evidence points to altered epigenetic regulation within these cell types which promotes the activated destructive behavior that underlies disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the key epigenetic modifications in the most important cells types in rheumatoid arthritis, which are associated with disease activity. We also discuss emerging avenues of research focusing on readers of epigenetic markers which may serve to be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Nair
- Centre for Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Centre for Genetics & Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal BRU, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- University College Dublin School of Medicine & Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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41
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Artificial intelligence and leukocyte epigenomics: Evaluation and prediction of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248375. [PMID: 33788842 PMCID: PMC8011726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the utility of leucocyte epigenomic-biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) detection and elucidates its molecular pathogeneses. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array in 24 late-onset AD (LOAD) and 24 cognitively healthy subjects. Data were analyzed using six Artificial Intelligence (AI) methodologies including Deep Learning (DL) followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used for AD prediction. We identified 152 significantly (FDR p<0.05) differentially methylated intragenic CpGs in 171 distinct genes in AD patients compared to controls. All AI platforms accurately predicted AD with AUCs ≥0.93 using 283,143 intragenic and 244,246 intergenic/extragenic CpGs. DL had an AUC = 0.99 using intragenic CpGs, with both sensitivity and specificity being 97%. High AD prediction was also achieved using intergenic/extragenic CpG sites (DL significance value being AUC = 0.99 with 97% sensitivity and specificity). Epigenetically altered genes included CR1L & CTSV (abnormal morphology of cerebral cortex), S1PR1 (CNS inflammation), and LTB4R (inflammatory response). These genes have been previously linked with AD and dementia. The differentially methylated genes CTSV & PRMT5 (ventricular hypertrophy and dilation) are linked to cardiovascular disease and of interest given the known association between impaired cerebral blood flow, cardiovascular disease, and AD. We report a novel, minimally invasive approach using peripheral blood leucocyte epigenomics, and AI analysis to detect AD and elucidate its pathogenesis.
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42
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Berretta E, Guida E, Forni D, Provenzi L. Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation during the first thousand days: Environmental exposures and developmental outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:493-502. [PMID: 33689802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first 1000 days from conception are a sensitive period for human development programming. During this period, environmental exposures may result in long-lasting epigenetic imprints that contribute to future developmental trajectories. The present review reports on the effects of adverse and protective environmental conditions occurring during the first 1000 days on glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) regulation in humans. Thirty-four studies were included. Wide variations emerged for biological tissues, number and position of analyzed CpG sites, and age at methylation and outcomes assessment. Increased NR3C1 methylation associated with first 1000 days stress exposures. Maternal caregiving behaviors significantly buffered precocious stress exposures. A less robust pattern of findings emerged for the association of NR3C1 methylation with physical health, neurobehavioral and neuroendocrine outcomes. Although drawing comprehensive conclusions is partially hindered by methodological limitations, the present review underlines the relevance of the first 1000 days from conception as a time window for developmental plasticity. Prospective cohort studies and epigenome-wide approaches may increase our understanding of dynamics epigenetic changes and their consequences for child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Berretta
- Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Guida
- 0-3 Center for the At-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Livio Provenzi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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43
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Córneo EDS, Michels M, Dal-Pizzol F. Sepsis, immunosuppression and the role of epigenetic mechanisms. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:169-176. [PMID: 33596148 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1875820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis has pro- and anti-inflammatory processes caused by infectious agents. Sepsis survivors have impaired immune response due to immunosuppression. Gene expression during the inflammatory process is guided by transcriptional access to chromatin, with post-translational changes made in histones that determine whether the loci of the inflammatory gene are active, balanced, or suppressed. For this, a review literature was performed in PubMed included 'sepsis' and 'epigenetic' and 'immunosuppression' terms until May 2020.Areas covered: This review article explores the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and the pathophysiology of sepsis. Epigenetic changes, vulnerable gene expression, and immunosuppression are related to inflammatory insults that can modify the dynamics of the central nervous system. Therefore, it is important to investigate the timing of these changes and their dynamics during the disease progression.Expert opinion: Epigenetic changes are associated with the main stages of sepsis, from the pathogen-host interaction to inflammation and immunosuppression. These changes are key regulators of gene expression during physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, epigenetic markers have significant prognostic and diagnostic potential in sepsis, and epigenetic changes can be explored in combination with therapeutic strategies in experimental models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily da Silva Córneo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Brazil
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Lahtinen A, Häkkinen A, Puttonen S, Vanttola P, Viitasalo K, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Härmä M, Paunio T. Differential DNA methylation in recovery from shift work disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2895. [PMID: 33536559 PMCID: PMC7858604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human DNA methylome is responsive to our environment, but its dynamics remain underexplored. We investigated the temporal changes to DNA methylation (DNAme) in relation to recovery from a shift work disorder (SWD) by performing a paired epigenome-wide analysis in an occupational cohort of 32 shift workers (25 men, age = 43.8 ± 8.8 years, 21 SWD cases). We found that the effect of vacation on DNAme was more prominent in the SWD-group as compared to controls, with respect to the amount of significantly differentially methylated positions (DMPs; Punadj < 0.05) 6.5 vs 3.7%, respectively. The vast majority (78%) of these DMPs were hypomethylated in SWD but not in controls (27%) during the work period. The Gene Ontology Cellular component "NMDA glutamate receptor" (PFDR < 0.05) was identified in a pathway analysis of the top 30 genes in SWD. In-depth pathway analyses revealed that the Reactome pathway "CREB phosphorylation through the activation of CaMKII" might underlie the recovery. Furthermore, three DMPs from this pathway, corresponding to GRIN2C, CREB1, and CAMK2B, correlated with the degree of recovery (Punadj < 0.05). Our findings provide evidence for the dynamic nature of DNAme in relation to the recovery process from a circadian disorder, with biological relevance of the emerging pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lahtinen
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Genomics and Biobank UnitDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Antti Häkkinen
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Work Ability and Working Careersareers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Vanttola
- Work Ability and Working Careersareers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Work Ability and Working Careersareers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 40, 00032, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Genomics and Biobank UnitDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
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45
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Lindner M, Laine VN, Verhagen I, Viitaniemi HM, Visser ME, van Oers K, Husby A. Rapid changes in DNA methylation associated with the initiation of reproduction in a small songbird. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3645-3659. [PMID: 33453134 PMCID: PMC8359384 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Species with a circannual life cycle need to match the timing of their life history events to the environment to maximize fitness. However, our understanding of how circannual traits such as timing of reproduction are regulated on a molecular level remains limited. Recent studies have implicated that epigenetic mechanisms can be an important part in the processes that regulate circannual traits. Here, we explore the role of DNA methylation in mediating reproductive timing in a seasonally breeding bird species, the great tit (Parus major), using genome‐wide DNA methylation data from individual females that were blood sampled repeatedly throughout the breeding season. We demonstrate rapid and directional changes in DNA methylation within the promoter region of several genes, including a key transcription factor (NR5A1) known from earlier studies to be involved in the initiation of timing of reproduction. Interestingly, the observed changes in DNA methylation at NR5A1 identified here are in line with earlier gene expression studies of reproduction in chicken, indicating that the observed shifts in DNA methylation at this gene can have a regulatory role. Our findings provide an important step towards elucidating the genomic mechanism that mediates seasonal timing of a key life history traits and provide support for the idea that epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in circannual traits. see also the Perspective by Melanie J. Heckwolf and Britta S. Meyer
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lindner
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronika N Laine
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Verhagen
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi M Viitaniemi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme (OEB), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees van Oers
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arild Husby
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme (OEB), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Colicino E. DNA Methylation-Based Biomarkers of Environmental Exposures for Human Population Studies. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 7:121-128. [PMID: 32062850 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript orients the reader to the underlying motivations of environmental biomarker development for human population studies and provides the foundation for applying these novel biomarkers in future research. In this review, we focus our attention on the DNA methylation-based biomarkers of (i) smoking, among adults and pregnant women, (ii) lifetime cannabis use, (iii) alcohol consumption, and (iv) cumulative exposure to lead. RECENT FINDINGS Prior environmental exposures and lifestyle modulate DNA methylation levels. Exposure-related DNA methylation changes can either be persistent or reversible once the exposure is no longer present, and this combination of both persistent and reversible changes has essential value for biomarker development. Here, we present available biomarkers representing past and cumulative exposures using individual DNA methylation profiles. In the present work, we describe how the field of environmental epigenetics can leverage machine learning algorithms to develop exposure biomarkers and reduce problems of misreporting exposures or limited access technology. We emphasize the crucial role of the individual DNA methylation profiles in those predictions, providing a summary of each biomarker, and highlighting their advantages, and limitations. Future research can cautiously leverage these DNA methylation-based biomarkers to understand the onset and progression of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaji C Nwanaji-Enwerem
- Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 17 E 102nd St. West 3rd Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Irizar H, Kanchan K, Mathias RA, Bunyavanich S. Advancing Food Allergy Through Omics Sciences. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:119-129. [PMID: 32777389 PMCID: PMC7855623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of the first draft of the human genome, there has been an explosion of new technologies with increasing power to interrogate the totality of biological molecules (eg, DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites) and their modifications (eg, DNA methylation, histone modifications). These technologies, collectively called omics, have been widely applied in the last 2 decades to study biological systems to gain deeper insight into mechanisms driving the physiology and pathophysiology of human health and disease. Because of its complex, multifactorial nature, food allergy is especially well suited to be investigated using omics approaches. In this rostrum, we review how omic technologies have been applied to explore diverse aspects of food allergy, including adaptive and innate immune processes in food-allergic responses, the role of the microbiome in food allergy risk, metabolic changes in the gut and blood associated with food allergy, and the identification of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the condition. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the studies performed thus far and the need to adopt systems biology approaches that integrate data from multiple omics to fully leverage the potential of these technologies to advance food allergy research and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Irizar
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kanika Kanchan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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Chen SY, Chen YZ, Lee YJ, Jiang CL, Lu SC, Lin FJ. Maternal hypercholesterolemia exacerbates atherosclerosis lesions in female offspring through potentiating macrophage polarization toward an inflammatory M1 phenotype. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108575. [PMID: 33387610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hypercholesterolemia induces early onset of cardiovascular diseases in offspring; however, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that maternal hypercholesterolemia increases offspring susceptibility to atherosclerosis in adulthood through developmental modifications of macrophages. Female apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice were fed a Western-type diet (WD) or a control diet (CD) prior to and throughout gestation and lactation. The offspring were all fed a WD after weaning. Sixteen-week-old female offspring of WD-fed dams showed a significant increase in atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and aortic root compared with those of CD-fed dams. This effect was associated with increased macrophage accumulation within lesions, macrophage inflammation and an increase in circulating Ly6Chigh monocyte and F4/80 macrophage counts. We further evidenced that in utero WD exposure promoted macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype by elevating M1 markers (Cd86, Inos/Nos2) without affecting M2 markers (Cd206, Arg1). Proinflammatory cytokine synthesis was also enhanced in response to LPS. Finally, maternal WD intake strongly inhibited the macrophage expression of Pparg and Lxra, which was associated with aberrant DNA methylation of Lxra promoter. Our findings demonstrate that maternal hypercholesterolemia exacerbates atherosclerosis, in part by altering the epigenetic state of the macrophage genome of the offspring, imprinting gene expression, and changing macrophage polarization, which ultimately contributes to plaque macrophage burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) has been associated with inflammation and immunosenescence, as well as hyporeactivity of the HPA axis. Because the immune system and the HPA axis are tightly intertwined around the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), we examined peripheral GR functionality in the EpiPath cohort among participants who either had been exposed to ELA (separation from parents and/or institutionalization followed by adoption; n = 40) or had been reared by their biological parents (n = 72).Expression of the strict GR target genes FKBP5 and GILZ as well as total and 1F and 1H GR transcripts were similar between groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in GR sensitivity, examined by the effects of dexamethasone on IL6 production in LPS-stimulated whole blood. Although we did not find differences in methylation at the GR 1F exon or promoter region, we identified a region of the GR 1H promoter (CpG 1-9) that showed lower methylation levels in ELA.Our results suggest that peripheral GR signaling was unperturbed in our cohort and the observed immune phenotype does not appear to be secondary to an altered GR response to the perturbed HPA axis and glucocorticoid (GC) profile, although we are limited in our measures of GR activity and time points.
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50
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García-Santisteban I, Romero-Garmendia I, Cilleros-Portet A, Bilbao JR, Fernandez-Jimenez N. Celiac disease susceptibility: The genome and beyond. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:1-45. [PMID: 33707051 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated complex disease that is triggered by the ingestion of gluten and develops in genetically susceptible individuals. It has been known for a long time that the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules DQ2 and DQ8 are necessary, although not sufficient, for the disease development, and therefore other susceptibility genes and (epi)genetic events must participate in CeD pathogenesis. The advances in Genomics during the last 15 years have made CeD one of the immune-related disorders with the best-characterized genetic component. In the present work, we will first review the main Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) carried out in the disorder, and emphasize post-GWAS discoveries, including diverse integrative strategies, SNP prioritization approaches, and insights into the Microbiome through the host Genomics. Second, we will explore CeD-related Epigenetics and Epigenomics, mostly focusing on the emerging knowledge of the celiac methylome, and the vast but yet under-explored non-coding RNA (ncRNA) landscape. We conclude that much has been done in the field although there are still completely unvisited areas in the post-Genomics of CeD. Chromatin conformation and accessibility, and Epitranscriptomics are promising domains that need to be unveiled to complete the big picture of the celiac Genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraia García-Santisteban
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Irati Romero-Garmendia
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ariadna Cilleros-Portet
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and associated Metabolic Disorders, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain.
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