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Bouilloud M, Galan M, Pradel J, Loiseau A, Ferrero J, Gallet R, Roche B, Charbonnel N. Exploring the potential effects of forest urbanization on the interplay between small mammal communities and their gut microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:16. [PMID: 38528597 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Urbanization significantly impacts wild populations, favoring urban dweller species over those that are unable to adapt to rapid changes. These differential adaptative abilities could be mediated by the microbiome, which may modulate the host phenotype rapidly through a high degree of flexibility. Conversely, under anthropic perturbations, the microbiota of some species could be disrupted, resulting in dysbiosis and negative impacts on host fitness. The links between the impact of urbanization on host communities and their gut microbiota (GM) have only been scarcely explored. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the bacterial composition of the GM could play a role in host adaptation to urban environments. We described the GM of several species of small terrestrial mammals sampled in forested areas along a gradient of urbanization, using a 16S metabarcoding approach. We tested whether urbanization led to changes in small mammal communities and in their GM, considering the presence and abundance of bacterial taxa and their putative functions. This enabled to decipher the processes underlying these changes. We found potential impacts of urbanization on small mammal communities and their GM. The urban dweller species had a lower bacterial taxonomic diversity but a higher functional diversity and a different composition compared to urban adapter species. Their GM assembly was mostly governed by stochastic effects, potentially indicating dysbiosis. Selection processes and an overabundance of functions were detected that could be associated with adaptation to urban environments despite dysbiosis. In urban adapter species, the GM functional diversity and composition remained relatively stable along the urbanization gradient. This observation can be explained by functional redundancy, where certain taxa express the same function. This could favor the adaptation of urban adapter species in various environments, including urban settings. We can therefore assume that there are feedbacks between the gut microbiota and host species within communities, enabling rapid adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bouilloud
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, 750 Avenue Agropolis, 34988, Montferrier sur Lez, France.
| | - Maxime Galan
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Pradel
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Loiseau
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Ferrero
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Romain Gallet
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Charbonnel
- CBGP, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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2
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Thomas VE, Antony-Babu S. Core hyphosphere microbiota of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38461269 PMCID: PMC10924372 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria and fungi are dynamically interconnected, leading to beneficial or antagonistic relationships with plants. Within this interkingdom interaction, the microbial community directly associated with the pathogen make up the pathobiome. While the overall soil bacterial community associated with Fusarium wilt diseases has been widely examined, the specific bacterial populations that directly interact with the Fusarium wilt pathogens are yet to be discovered. In this study, we define the bacterial community associated with the hyphae of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 (FON2). Using the 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we describe the hyphosphere pathobiome of three isolates of FON2. RESULTS Our results show a core microbiome that is shared among the three tested hyphospheres. The core hyphosphere community was made up of 15 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) that were associated with all three FON2 isolates. This core consisted of bacterial members of the families, Oxalobacteraceae, Propionibacteriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Micrococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Comamonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and unclassified bacteria. The hyphosphere of FON2 was dominated by order Burkholderiales. While all three isolate hyphospheres were dominated by these taxa, the specific OTU differed. We also note that while the dominant OTU of one hyphosphere might not be the largest OTU for other hyphospheres, they were still present across all the three isolate hyphospheres. Additionally, in the correlation and co-occurrence analysis the most abundant OTU was negatively correlated with most of the other OTU populations within the hyphosphere. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates a core microbiota associated with FON2. These results provide insights into the microbe-microbe dynamic of the pathogen's success and its ability to recruit a core pathobiome. Our research promotes the concept of pathogens not being lone invaders but recruits from the established host microbiome to form a pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa E Thomas
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sanjay Antony-Babu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Ben Cheikh Y, Massol F, Giusti-Petrucciani N, Travers MA. Impact of epizootics on mussel farms: Insights into microbiota composition of Mytilus species. Microbiol Res 2024; 280:127593. [PMID: 38184970 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Outbreaks of marine mussel mortality on French farms could have different aetiologies. One of them implies Vibrio splendidus strains. Beyond the involvement of this pathogen, there is considerable evidence that diseases often result from interactions between several microbes and the host. In this study, we explored the bacterial communities associated with mussel species and the surrounding water collected from a mussel farm affected by mortalities. The microbiota of Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and their hybrids displayed an abnormal abundance of Proteobacteria, in particular the genera Vibrio, Cobetia and Arcobacter. Despite the dysbiosis, the Mediterranean mussel showed a different microbiota profile with a higher richness and presence of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Bipartite network analyses at the level of bacteria families confirmed this finding and showed that the microbiomes of M. edulis and the hybrids tended to cluster together. In addition, injection of mussels with the virulent V. splendidus induced less mortality rate in M. galloprovincialis compared to the other Mytilus sp. suggesting a better resistance of the Mediterranean mussel to infection. Our findings point to a probable aetiology of pathobiome-mediated disease in mussels. To fully understand this phenomenon, more knowledge is needed on the roles of pathobiotic systems and their development during disease establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ben Cheikh
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie, Cedex 76063 Le Havre, France.
| | - François Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Giusti-Petrucciani
- UMR-I 02 Environmental Stresses and Biomonitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie, Cedex 76063 Le Havre, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, F-34090 Montpellier, France
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Beretta S, Apparicio M, Toniollo GH, Cardozo MV. The importance of the intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs in the neonatal period. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230082. [PMID: 38026003 PMCID: PMC10681130 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal period represents a critical stage for the establishment and development of the gut microbiota, which profoundly influences the future health trajectory of individuals. This review examines the importance of intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs, aiming to elucidate the distinct characteristics and variations in the composition between these two species. In humans, the intestinal microbiota contributes to several crucial physiological processes, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immune system development, and modulation of host metabolism. Dysbiosis, an imbalance or disruption of the gut microbial community, has been linked to various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and even neurological conditions. Furthermore, recent research has unveiled the profound influence of the gut-brain axis, emphasizing the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, impacting cognitive function and mental health. Similarly, alterations in the canine intestinal microbiota have been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic enteropathy, such as inflammatory bowel disease, food allergies, and ulcerative histiocytic colitis. However, our understanding of the intricacies and functional significance of the intestinal microbiota in dogs remains limited. Understanding the complex dynamics of the intestinal microbiota in both humans and dogs is crucial for devising effective strategies to promote health and manage disease. Moreover, exploring the similarities and differences in the gut microbial composition between these two species can facilitate translational research, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic interventions and strategies to enhance the well-being of both humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Beretta
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Maricy Apparicio
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Gilson Hélio Toniollo
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Microorganismos, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, MG, Brasil
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Rotini A, Conte C, Winters G, Vasquez MI, Migliore L. Undisturbed Posidonia oceanica meadows maintain the epiphytic bacterial community in different environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95464-95474. [PMID: 37548791 PMCID: PMC10482771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses harbour different and rich epiphytic bacterial communities. These microbes may establish intimate and symbiotic relationships with the seagrass plants and change according to host species, environmental conditions, and/or ecophysiological status of their seagrass host. Although Posidonia oceanica is one of the most studied seagrasses in the world, and bacteria associated with seagrasses have been studied for over a decade, P. oceanica's microbiome remains hitherto little explored. Here, we applied 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to explore the microbiome associated with the leaves of P. oceanica growing in two geomorphologically different meadows (e.g. depth, substrate, and turbidity) within the Limassol Bay (Cyprus). The morphometric (leaf area, meadow density) and biochemical (pigments, total phenols) descriptors highlighted the healthy conditions of both meadows. The leaf-associated bacterial communities showed similar structure and composition in the two sites; core microbiota members were dominated by bacteria belonging to the Thalassospiraceae, Microtrichaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Saprospiraceae, and Hyphomonadaceae families. This analogy, even under different geomorphological conditions, suggest that in the absence of disturbances, P. oceanica maintains characteristic-associated bacterial communities. This study provides a baseline for the knowledge of the P. oceanica microbiome and further supports its use as a putative seagrass descriptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rotini
- ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Conte
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gidon Winters
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center (DSASC), Masada National Park, 86910, Masada, Israel
- Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Hatmarim Blv., 8855630, Eilat, Israel
| | - Marlen I Vasquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianos Str.t, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
- European University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianos Str.t, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Luciana Migliore
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- eCampus University, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060, Novedrate, CO, Italy.
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Shtossel O, Turjeman S, Riumin A, Goldberg MR, Elizur A, Bekor Y, Mor H, Koren O, Louzoun Y. Recipient-independent, high-accuracy FMT-response prediction and optimization in mice and humans. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:181. [PMID: 37580821 PMCID: PMC10424414 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some microbiota compositions are associated with negative outcomes, including among others, obesity, allergies, and the failure to respond to treatment. Microbiota manipulation or supplementation can restore a community associated with a healthy condition. Such interventions are typically probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT donor selection is currently based on donor phenotype, rather than the anticipated microbiota composition in the recipient and associated health benefits. However, the donor and post-transplant recipient conditions differ drastically. We here propose an algorithm to identify ideal donors and predict the expected outcome of FMT based on donor microbiome alone. We also demonstrate how to optimize FMT for different required outcomes. RESULTS We show, using multiple microbiome properties, that donor and post-transplant recipient microbiota differ widely and propose a tool to predict the recipient post-transplant condition (engraftment success and clinical outcome), using only the donors' microbiome and, when available, demographics for transplantations from humans to either mice or other humans (with or without antibiotic pre-treatment). We validated the predictor using a de novo FMT experiment highlighting the possibility of choosing transplants that optimize an array of required goals. We then extend the method to characterize a best-planned transplant (bacterial cocktail) by combining the predictor and a generative genetic algorithm (GA). We further show that a limited number of taxa is enough for an FMT to produce a desired microbiome or phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Off-the-shelf FMT requires recipient-independent optimized FMT selection. Such a transplant can be from an optimal donor or from a cultured set of microbes. We have here shown the feasibility of both types of manipulations in mouse and human recipients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshrit Shtossel
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Alona Riumin
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michael R Goldberg
- Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Elizur
- Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yarin Bekor
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Hadar Mor
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
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Parke EC, Plutynski A. Going big by going small: Trade-offs in microbiome explanations of cancer. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2023; 97:101-110. [PMID: 36645963 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial factors have been implicated in cancer risk, disease progression, treatment and prevention. The key word, however, is "implicated." Our aim in this paper is to map out some of the tensions between competing methods, goals, and standards of evidence in cancer research with respect to the causal role of microbial factors. We discuss an array of pragmatic and epistemic trade-offs in this research area: prioritizing coarse-grained versus fine-grained explanations of the roles of microbiota in cancer; explaining general versus specific cancer targets; studying model organisms versus human patients; and understanding and explaining cancer versus developing diagnostic tools and treatments. In light of these trade-offs and the distinctive complexity and heterogeneity on both sides of the microbiome-cancer relationship, we suggest that it would be more productive and intellectually honest to frame much of this work, at least currently, in terms of generating causal hypotheses to investigate further. Claims of established causal connections between the microbiome and cancer are in many cases overstated. We also discuss the value of "black boxing" microbial causal variables in this research context and draw some general cautionary lessons for ongoing discussions of microbiomes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Parke
- Philosophy, School of Humanities, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anya Plutynski
- Philosophy, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
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Friedman Y. Who is the biological patient? A new gradational and dynamic model for one health medicine. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 44:61. [PMID: 36357618 PMCID: PMC9649009 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One Health medicine aims to improve health by focusing on the relations between the health of humans, animals, and the environment. However, One Health does not provide a clear idea of these relations, which are still represented as conceptually separated and not as one health, as the name implies. Inspired by holobiont research, I suggest a new model and conceptual framework for One Health that expands the notion of the biological patient by providing a gradational and dynamic understanding of environments, patients, and their relations. This new model conceptualizes humans and non-humans, individual organisms, and collectives, as belonging to one system that allows for more or less inclusive understandings of patients. As such, it resolves the conceptual tensions of different One Health approaches and supports the implementation of One Health as an interdisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Friedman
- Centre for Philosophy and the Sciences (CPS), Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Wang Y, Zheng Y, Shang J, Wu D, Zhou A, Cai M, Gao H, Yang K. Pulsed light reduces postharvest losses of Chinese bayberries by affecting fungal microbiota during cold storage. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Rajarajan A, Wolinska J, Walser JC, Mäder M, Spaak P. Infection by a eukaryotic gut parasite in wild Daphnia sp. associates with a distinct bacterial community. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6677393. [PMID: 36026529 PMCID: PMC9869925 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-associated bacterial communities play an important role in host fitness and resistance to diseases. Yet, few studies have investigated tripartite interaction between a host, parasite and host-associated bacterial communities in natural settings. Here, we use 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to compare gut- and body- bacterial communities of wild water fleas belonging to the Daphnia longispina complex, between uninfected hosts and those infected with the common and virulent eukaryotic gut parasite Caullerya mesnili (Family: Ichthyosporea). We report community-level changes in host-associated bacteria with the presence of the parasite infection; namely decreased alpha diversity and increased beta diversity at the site of infection, i.e. host gut (but not host body). We also report decreased abundance of bacterial taxa proposed elsewhere to be beneficial for the host, and an appearance of taxa specifically associated with infected hosts. Our study highlights the host-microbiota-infection link in a natural system and raises questions about the role of host-associated microbiota in natural disease epidemics as well as the functional roles of bacteria specifically associated with infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Rajarajan
- Corresponding author: Office BU-G09, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: and
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Evolutionary and Integrative Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin, Germany,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin (FU), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Department of Environmental systems science (D-USYS), Genetic Diversity Centre (GDC), Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Minea Mäder
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Zürich, Switzerland
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Schmid DW, Fackelmann G, Wasimuddin, Rakotondranary J, Ratovonamana YR, Montero BK, Ganzhorn JU, Sommer S. A framework for testing the impact of co-infections on host gut microbiomes. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:48. [PMID: 35945629 PMCID: PMC9361228 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections disturb gut microbial communities beyond their natural range of variation, possibly leading to dysbiosis. Yet it remains underappreciated that most infections are accompanied by one or more co-infections and their collective impact is largely unexplored. Here we developed a framework illustrating changes to the host gut microbiome following single infections, and build on it by describing the neutral, synergistic or antagonistic impacts on microbial α- and ß-diversity expected from co-infections. We tested the framework on microbiome data from a non-human primate population co-infected with helminths and Adenovirus, and matched patterns reported in published studies to the introduced framework. In this case study, α-diversity of co-infected Malagasy mouse lemurs (Microcebus griseorufus) did not differ in comparison with that of singly infected or uninfected individuals, even though community composition captured with ß-diversity metrices changed significantly. Explicitly, we record stochastic changes in dispersion, a sign of dysbiosis, following the Anna-Karenina principle rather than deterministic shifts in the microbial gut community. From the literature review and our case study, neutral and synergistic impacts emerged as common outcomes from co-infections, wherein both shifts and dispersion of microbial communities following co-infections were often more severe than after a single infection alone, but microbial α-diversity was not universally altered. Important functions of the microbiome may also suffer from such heavily altered, though no less species-rich microbial community. Lastly, we pose the hypothesis that the reshuffling of host-associated microbial communities due to the impact of various, often coinciding parasitic infections may become a source of novel or zoonotic diseases.
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Sharon I, Quijada NM, Pasolli E, Fabbrini M, Vitali F, Agamennone V, Dötsch A, Selberherr E, Grau JH, Meixner M, Liere K, Ercolini D, de Filippo C, Caderni G, Brigidi P, Turroni S. The Core Human Microbiome: Does It Exist and How Can We Find It? A Critical Review of the Concept. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142872. [PMID: 35889831 PMCID: PMC9323970 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The core microbiome, which refers to a set of consistent microbial features across populations, is of major interest in microbiome research and has been addressed by numerous studies. Understanding the core microbiome can help identify elements that lead to dysbiosis, and lead to treatments for microbiome-related health states. However, defining the core microbiome is a complex task at several levels. In this review, we consider the current state of core human microbiome research. We consider the knowledge that has been gained, the factors limiting our ability to achieve a reliable description of the core human microbiome, and the fields most likely to improve that ability. DNA sequencing technologies and the methods for analyzing metagenomics and amplicon data will most likely facilitate higher accuracy and resolution in describing the microbiome. However, more effort should be invested in characterizing the microbiome’s interactions with its human host, including the immune system and nutrition. Other components of this holobiontic system should also be emphasized, such as fungi, protists, lower eukaryotes, viruses, and phages. Most importantly, a collaborative effort of experts in microbiology, nutrition, immunology, medicine, systems biology, bioinformatics, and machine learning is probably required to identify the traits of the core human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Sharon
- Migal-Galilee Research Institute, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Narciso Martín Quijada
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; (N.M.Q.); (E.S.)
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, FFoQSI GmbH, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (S.T.)
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.V.); (C.d.F.)
| | - Valeria Agamennone
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands;
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI)-Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; (N.M.Q.); (E.S.)
| | - José Horacio Grau
- Amedes Genetics, Amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.G.); (M.M.); (K.L.)
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Martin Meixner
- Amedes Genetics, Amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.G.); (M.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Karsten Liere
- Amedes Genetics, Amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen GmbH, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.G.); (M.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.P.); (D.E.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Carlotta de Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.V.); (C.d.F.)
| | - Giovanna Caderni
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.F.); (S.T.)
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13
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Höll D, Bossert LN. Introducing the microbiome: Interdisciplinary perspectives. ENDEAVOUR 2022; 46:100817. [PMID: 35667903 PMCID: PMC9412664 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Davina Höll
- Institute for Ethics and History of Medicine, Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tübingen.
| | - Leonie N Bossert
- International Center for Ethics in the Sciences and Humanities (IZEW), University of Tübingen
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14
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Yeo E, Brubaker PL, Sloboda DM. The intestine and the microbiota in maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. J Endocrinol 2022; 253:R1-R19. [PMID: 35099411 PMCID: PMC8942339 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that, beyond its role in nutrient processing and absorption, the intestine and its accompanying gut microbiome constitute a major site of immunological and endocrine regulation that mediates whole-body metabolism. Despite the growing field of host-microbe research, few studies explore what mechanisms govern this relationship in the context of pregnancy. During pregnancy, significant maternal metabolic adaptations are made to accommodate the additional energy demands of the developing fetus and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent data suggest that the maternal gut microbiota may play a role in these adaptations, but changes to maternal gut physiology and the underlying intestinal mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we discuss selective aspects of intestinal physiology including the role of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and the role of the maternal gut microbiome in the maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy. Specifically, we discuss how bacterial components and metabolites could mediate the effects of the microbiota on host physiology, including nutrient absorption and GLP-1 secretion and action, and whether these mechanisms may change maternal insulin sensitivity and secretion during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss how these pathways could be altered in disease states during pregnancy including maternal obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Correspondence should be addressed to D M Sloboda:
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15
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Narayana JK, Mac Aogáin M, Goh WWB, Xia K, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Chotirmall SH. Mathematical-based microbiome analytics for clinical translation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:6272-6281. [PMID: 34900137 PMCID: PMC8637001 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, human microbiology has been strongly built on the laboratory focused culture of microbes isolated from human specimens in patients with acute or chronic infection. These approaches primarily view human disease through the lens of a single species and its relevant clinical setting however such approaches fail to account for the surrounding environment and wide microbial diversity that exists in vivo. Given the emergence of next generation sequencing technologies and advancing bioinformatic pipelines, researchers now have unprecedented capabilities to characterise the human microbiome in terms of its taxonomy, function, antibiotic resistance and even bacteriophages. Despite this, an analysis of microbial communities has largely been restricted to ordination, ecological measures, and discriminant taxa analysis. This is predominantly due to a lack of suitable computational tools to facilitate microbiome analytics. In this review, we first evaluate the key concerns related to the inherent structure of microbiome datasets which include its compositionality and batch effects. We describe the available and emerging analytical techniques including integrative analysis, machine learning, microbial association networks, topological data analysis (TDA) and mathematical modelling. We also present how these methods may translate to clinical settings including tools for implementation. Mathematical based analytics for microbiome analysis represents a promising avenue for clinical translation across a range of acute and chronic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanth Kumar Narayana
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelin Xia
- Division of Mathematical Sciences, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics & Living Systems Institute, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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16
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Mason CJ, Peiffer M, St Clair A, Hoover K, Felton GW. Concerted impacts of antiherbivore defenses and opportunistic Serratia pathogens on the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Oecologia 2021; 198:167-178. [PMID: 34741665 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insects frequently confront different microbial assemblages. Bacteria inhabiting an insect gut are often commensal, but some can become pathogenic when the insect is compromised from different stressors. Herbivores are often confronted by various forms of plant resistance, but how defenses generate opportunistic microbial infections from residents in the gut are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenic tendencies of Serratia isolated from the digestive system of healthy fall armyworm larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda) and how it interfaces with plant defenses. We initially selected Serratia strains that varied in their direct expression of virulence factors. Inoculation of the different isolates into the fall armyworm body cavity indicated differing levels of pathogenicity, with some strains exhibiting no effects while others causing mortality 24 h after injection. Oral inoculations of pathogens on larvae provided artificial diets caused marginal (< 7%) mortality. However, when insects were provided different maize genotypes, mortality from Serratia increased and was higher on plants exhibiting elevated levels of herbivore resistance (< 50% mortality). Maize defenses facilitated an initial invasion of pathogenic Serratia into the larval hemocoel¸ which was capable of overcoming insect antimicrobial defenses. Tomato and soybean further indicated elevated mortality due to Serratia compared to artificial diets and differences between plant genotypes. Our results indicate plants can facilitate the incipient emergence of pathobionts within gut of fall armyworm. The ability of resident gut bacteria to switch from a commensal to pathogenic lifestyle has significant ramifications for the host and is likely a broader phenomenon in multitrophic interactions facilitated by plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Mason
- 501 ASI Building Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16823, USA. .,Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, Daniel K Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
| | - Michelle Peiffer
- 501 ASI Building Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16823, USA
| | - Abbi St Clair
- 501 ASI Building Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16823, USA
| | - Kelli Hoover
- 501 ASI Building Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16823, USA
| | - Gary W Felton
- 501 ASI Building Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16823, USA
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17
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Paix B, Potin P, Schires G, Le Poupon C, Misson B, Leblanc C, Culioli G, Briand JF. Synergistic effects of temperature and light affect the relationship between Taonia atomaria and its epibacterial community: a controlled conditions study. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6777-6797. [PMID: 34490980 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the context of global warming, this study aimed to assess the effect of temperature and irradiance on the macroalgal Taonia atomaria holobiont dynamics. We developed an experimental set-up using aquaria supplied by natural seawater with three temperatures combined with three irradiances. The holobiont response was monitored over 14 days using a multi-omics approach coupling algal surface metabolomics and metabarcoding. Both temperature and irradiance appeared to shape the microbiota and the surface metabolome, but with a distinct temporality. Epibacterial community first changed according to temperature, and later in relation to irradiance, while the opposite occurred for the surface metabolome. An increased temperature revealed a decreasing richness of the epiphytic community together with an increase of several bacterial taxa. Irradiance changes appeared to quickly impact surface metabolites production linked with the algal host photosynthesis (e.g. mannitol, fucoxanthin, dimethylsulfoniopropionate), which was hypothesized to explain modifications of the structure of the epiphytic community. Algal host may also directly adapt its surface metabolome to changing temperature with time (e.g. lipids content) and also in response to changing microbiota (e.g. chemical defences). Finally, this study brought new insights highlighting complex direct and indirect responses of seaweeds and their associated microbiota under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Paix
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, La Garde, EA 4323, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Gaëtan Schires
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Center for Biological Marine Resources (CRBM), FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Christophe Le Poupon
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM110, La Garde, France
| | - Benjamin Misson
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM110, La Garde, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), UMR 8227, Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Gérald Culioli
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire MAPIEM, La Garde, EA 4323, France
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18
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The Interaction Between Viruses and Intestinal Microbiota: A Review. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3597-3608. [PMID: 34350485 PMCID: PMC8336530 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the main pathogen threatening human and animal health, viruses can affect the immunity and metabolism of bodies. There are innate microbial barriers in the digestive tract of the body to preserve the homeostasis of the animal body, which directly or indirectly influences the host defence against viral infection. Understanding the interaction between viruses and intestinal microbiota or probiotics is helpful to study the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we review recent studies on the interaction mechanism between intestinal microbiota and viruses. The interaction can be divided into two aspects: inhibition of viral infection by microbiota and promotion of viral infection by microbiota. The treatment of viral infection by probiotics is summarized.
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19
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Tal S, Tikhonov E, Aroch I, Hefetz L, Turjeman S, Koren O, Kuzi S. Developmental intestinal microbiome alterations in canine fading puppy syndrome: a prospective observational study. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:52. [PMID: 34162880 PMCID: PMC8222291 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fading puppy syndrome (FPS) is a fatal condition in neonatal dogs. Intestinal microbial alterations, although never investigated, may be involved in its pathophysiology. The study examined the occurrence of FPS and its associations with dam, puppy, and husbandry characteristics, compared the intestinal microbial diversity of healthy puppies and those with FPS, and examined whether intestinal microbiomes are predictive of FPS. Day 1 and 8 post-partum (PP) rectal swabs were collected from healthy puppies and puppies which later developed FPS. Microbial compositional structure, including alpha and beta diversities and relative abundance of specific taxa were compared between groups, and microbial data was applied to a machine-learning model to assess the predictive performance of microbial indices of FPS or death. FPS occurred in 22/165 puppies (13%), with a 100% mortality rate. FPS was associated (P < 0.001) with decreased Day 1 PP puppy activity. Day 1 (P = 0.003) and 8 (P = 0.005) PP rectal beta diversities were different in puppies with FPS vs healthy ones. Increased Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio, increased relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae, and decreased relative abundance of Clostridia and Enterococcus were associated with FPS. A machine-learning model showed that Day 1 PP rectal microbiome composition accurately predicted FPS-related death. We found that specific rectal microbial phenotypes are associated with FPS, reflecting the significant role of microbiome alterations in this phenomenon. These findings may serve as useful microbial indices for early diagnosis of puppies at risk of FPS and may provide specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Tal
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Itamar Aroch
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Hefetz
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Sharon Kuzi
- The Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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20
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Jiménez-Gómez I, Barcoto MO, Montoya QV, Goes AC, Monteiro LSVE, Bueno OC, Rodrigues A. Host Susceptibility Modulates Escovopsis Pathogenic Potential in the Fungiculture of Higher Attine Ants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673444. [PMID: 34194409 PMCID: PMC8238408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and disease emerge from intricate interactions between genotypes, phenotypes, and environmental features. The outcomes of such interactions are context-dependent, existing as a dynamic continuum ranging from benefits to damage. In host-microbial interactions, both the host and environmental conditions modulate the pathogenic potential of a microorganism. Microbial interactions are the core of the agricultural systems of ants in the subtribe Attina, which cultivate basidiomycete fungi for food. The fungiculture environment harbors a diverse microbial community, including fungi in the genus Escovopsis that has been studied as damage-causing agent. Here, we consider the ant colony as a host and investigate to what extent its health impacts the dynamics and outcomes of host-Escovopsis interactions. We found that different ant fungal cultivars vary in susceptibility to the same Escovopsis strains in plate-assays interactions. In subcolony-Escovopsis interactions, while healthy subcolonies gradually recover from infection with different concentrations of Escovopsis conidia, insecticide-treated subcolonies evidenced traits of infection and died within 7 days. The opportunistic nature of Escovopsis infections indicates that diseases in attine fungiculture are a consequence of host susceptibility, rather than the effect of a single microbial agent. By addressing the host susceptibility as a major modulator of Escovopsis pathogenesis, our findings expand the understanding of disease dynamics within attine colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Jiménez-Gómez
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil.,Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mariana O Barcoto
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Quimi V Montoya
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Aryel C Goes
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Lana S V E Monteiro
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Odair C Bueno
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
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21
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Abstract
Bariatric surgery is often the preferred method to resolve obesity and diabetes, with ∼800,000 cases worldwide yearly and high outcome variability. The ability to predict the long-term body mass index (BMI) change following surgery has important implications for individuals and the health care system in general. Given the tight connection between eating habits, sugar consumption, BMI, and the gut microbiome, we tested whether the microbiome before any treatment is associated with different treatment outcomes, as well as other intakes (high-density lipoproteins [HDL], triglycerides, etc.). A projection of the gut microbiome composition of obese (sampled before and after bariatric surgery) and lean patients into principal components was performed, and the relation between this projection and surgery outcome was studied. The projection revealed three different microbiome profiles belonging to lean, obese, and obese individuals who underwent bariatric surgery, with the postsurgery microbiome more different from the lean microbiome than the obese microbiome. The same projection allowed for a prediction of BMI loss following bariatric surgery, using only the presurgery microbiome. The microbial changes following surgery were an increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria and a decrease in Firmicutes. The gut microbiome can be decomposed into main components depicting the patient's development and predicting in advance the outcome. Those may be translated into the better clinical management of obese individuals planning to undergo metabolic surgery. IMPORTANCE BMI and diabetes can affect the gut microbiome composition. Bariatric surgery has large variabilities in the outcome. The microbiome was previously shown to be a good predictor for multiple diseases. We analyzed here the gut microbiome before and after bariatric surgery and showed the following. (i) The microbiome before surgery can be used to predict surgery outcomes. (ii) The postsurgery microbiome drifts further away from the lean microbiome than the microbiome of the presurgery obese patients. These results can lead to a microbiome-based presurgery decision whether to perform surgery.
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22
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The Seagrass Holobiont: What We Know and What We Still Need to Disclose for Its Possible Use as an Ecological Indicator. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbes and seagrass establish symbiotic relationships constituting a functional unit called the holobiont that reacts as a whole to environmental changes. Recent studies have shown that the seagrass microbial associated community varies according to host species, environmental conditions and the host’s health status, suggesting that the microbial communities respond rapidly to environmental disturbances and changes. These changes, dynamics of which are still far from being clear, could represent a sensitive monitoring tool and ecological indicator to detect early stages of seagrass stress. In this review, the state of art on seagrass holobiont is discussed in this perspective, with the aim of disentangling the influence of different factors in shaping it. As an example, we expand on the widely studied Halophila stipulacea’s associated microbial community, highlighting the changing and the constant components of the associated microbes, in different environmental conditions. These studies represent a pivotal contribution to understanding the holobiont’s dynamics and variability pattern, and to the potential development of ecological/ecotoxicological indices. The influences of the host’s physiological and environmental status in changing the seagrass holobiont, alongside the bioinformatic tools for data analysis, are key topics that need to be deepened, in order to use the seagrass-microbial interactions as a source of ecological information.
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Plants under the Attack of Allies: Moving towards the Plant Pathobiome Paradigm. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010125. [PMID: 33435275 PMCID: PMC7827841 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants are functional macrobes living in a close association with diverse communities of microbes and viruses as complex systems that continuously interact with the surrounding environment. The microbiota within the plant holobiont serves various essential and beneficial roles, such as in plant growth at different stages, starting from seed germination. Meanwhile, pathogenic microbes—differentiated from the rest of the plant microbiome based on their ability to damage the plant tissues through transient blooming under specific conditions—are also a part of the plant microbiome. Recent advances in multi-omics have furthered our understanding of the structure and functions of plant-associated microbes, and a pathobiome paradigm has emerged as a set of organisms (i.e., complex eukaryotic, microbial, and viral communities) within the plant’s biotic environment which interact with the host to deteriorate its health status. Recent studies have demonstrated that the one pathogen–one disease hypothesis is insufficient to describe the disease process in many cases, particularly when complex organismic communities are involved. The present review discusses the plant holobiont and covers the steady transition of plant pathology from the one pathogen–one disease hypothesis to the pathobiome paradigm. Moreover, previous reports on model plant diseases, in which more than one pathogen or co-operative interaction amongst pathogenic microbes is implicated, are reviewed and discussed.
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Kalhoro DH, Kalhoro MS, Metwally E, Chughtai MI, Mazhar MU, Khan SA. Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1-10. [PMID: 33997325 PMCID: PMC8110851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that interactions between the gut microbiota and host-metabolism have a proven effect on health. The gut lumen is known for harboring different bacterial communities. Microbial by-products and structural components, which are derived through the gut microbiota, generate a signaling response to maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota is not only involved in metabolic disorders, but also participates in the regulation of reproductive hormonal function. Bacterial phyla, which are localized in the gut, allow for the metabolization of steroid hormones through the stimulation of different enzymes. Reproductive hormones such as progesterone, estrogen and testosterone play a pivotal role in the successful completion of reproductive events. Disruption in this mechanism may lead to reproductive disorders. Environmental bacteria can affect the metabolism, and degrade steroid hormones and their relevant compounds. This behavior of the bacteria can safely be implemented to eliminate steroidal compounds from a polluted environment. In this review, we summarize the metabolism of steroid hormones on the regulation of gut microbiota and vice-versa, and also examined the significant influence this process has on various events of reproductive function. Altogether, the evidence suggests that steroid hormones and gut microbiota exert a central role in the modification of host bacterial action and impact the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Dildar H Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Kalhoro
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I Chughtai
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Mazhar
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad A Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
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25
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Colditz I, Vuocolo T, Denman S, Ingham A, Wijffels G, James P, Tellam R. Fleece rot in sheep: a review of pathogenesis, aetiology, resistance and vaccines. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an21118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Masetti R, Zama D, Leardini D, Muratore E, Turroni S, Prete A, Brigidi P, Pession A. The gut microbiome in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28711. [PMID: 32939928 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has been associated with different clinical outcomes in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Large multicenter cohort studies in adults have found significant correlations with overall survival, relapse, and incidence of complications. Moreover, GM is already a promising target for therapeutic interventions. However, few data are available in children, a population presenting unique features and challenges. During childhood, the GM evolves rapidly with large structural fluctuations, alongside with the maturation of the immune system. Furthermore, the HSCT procedure presents significant differences in children. These considerations underline the importance of a specific focus on the pediatric setting, and the role of GM and its age-dependent trajectory in influencing the immunity reconstitution and clinical outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence in the field of GM and pediatric HSCT, highlighting age-specific issues and discussing GM-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli," Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli," Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli," Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Muratore
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli," Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli," Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit "Lalla Seràgnoli," Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Mac Aogáin M, Lau KJX, Cai Z, Kumar Narayana J, Purbojati RW, Drautz-Moses DI, Gaultier NE, Jaggi TK, Tiew PY, Ong TH, Siyue Koh M, Lim Yick Hou A, Abisheganaden JA, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Schuster SC, Chotirmall SH. Metagenomics Reveals a Core Macrolide Resistome Related to Microbiota in Chronic Respiratory Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:433-447. [PMID: 32320621 PMCID: PMC7397787 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2202oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Long-term antibiotic use for managing chronic respiratory disease is increasing; however, the role of the airway resistome and its relationship to host microbiomes remains unknown.Objectives: To evaluate airway resistomes and relate them to host and environmental microbiomes using ultradeep metagenomic shotgun sequencing.Methods: Airway specimens from 85 individuals with and without chronic respiratory disease (severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis) were subjected to metagenomic sequencing to an average depth exceeding 20 million reads. Respiratory and device-associated microbiomes were evaluated on the basis of taxonomical classification and functional annotation including the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database to determine airway resistomes. Co-occurrence networks of gene-microbe association were constructed to determine potential microbial sources of the airway resistome. Paired patient-inhaler metagenomes were compared (n = 31) to assess for the presence of airway-environment overlap in microbiomes and/or resistomes.Measurements and Main Results: Airway metagenomes exhibit taxonomic and metabolic diversity and distinct antimicrobial resistance patterns. A "core" airway resistome dominated by macrolide but with high prevalence of β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, and tetracycline resistance genes exists and is independent of disease status or antibiotic exposure. Streptococcus and Actinomyces are key potential microbial reservoirs of macrolide resistance including the ermX, ermF, and msrD genes. Significant patient-inhaler overlap in airway microbiomes and their resistomes is identified where the latter may be a proxy for airway microbiome assessment in chronic respiratory disease.Conclusions: Metagenomic analysis of the airway reveals a core macrolide resistome harbored by the host microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenny J X Lau
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhao Cai
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rikky W Purbojati
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicolas E Gaultier
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Pei Yee Tiew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine and.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thun How Ong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariko Siyue Koh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert Lim Yick Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - John A Abisheganaden
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan C Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Uzan-Yulzari A, Morr M, Tareef-Nabwani H, Ziv O, Magid-Neriya D, Armoni R, Muller E, Leibovici A, Borenstein E, Louzoun Y, Shai A, Koren O. The intestinal microbiome, weight, and metabolic changes in women treated by adjuvant chemotherapy for breast and gynecological malignancies. BMC Med 2020; 18:281. [PMID: 33081767 PMCID: PMC7576808 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy induces weight gain, glucose intolerance, and hypertension in about a third of women. The mechanisms underlying these events have not been defined. This study assessed the association between the microbiome and weight gain in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for breast and gynecological cancers. METHODS Patients were recruited before starting adjuvant therapy. Weight and height were measured before treatment and 4-6 weeks after treatment completion. Weight gain was defined as an increase of 3% or more in body weight. A stool sample was collected before treatment, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Data regarding oncological therapy, menopausal status, and antibiotic use was prospectively collected. Patients were excluded if they were treated by antibiotics during the study. Fecal transplant experiments from patients were conducted using Swiss Webster germ-free mice. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were recruited; of them, 9 gained 3.5-10.6% of baseline weight. The pretreatment microbiome of women who gained weight following treatment was significantly different in diversity and taxonomy from that of control women. Fecal microbiota transplantation from pretreatment samples of patients that gained weight induced metabolic changes in germ-free mice compared to mice transplanted with pretreatment fecal samples from the control women. CONCLUSION The microbiome composition is predictive of weight gain following adjuvant chemotherapy and induces adverse metabolic changes in germ-free mice, suggesting it contributes to adverse metabolic changes seen in patients. Confirmation of these results in a larger patient cohort is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Morr
- Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | | | - Oren Ziv
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Ran Armoni
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Muller
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anca Leibovici
- Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Elhanan Borenstein
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ayelet Shai
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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29
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Enteromorpha prolifera Diet Drives Intestinal Microbiome Composition in Siganus oramin. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:229-237. [PMID: 33034768 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) contains complex sulfated polysaccharides that are resistant to biological degradation. Most organisms cannot digest biomass of E. prolifera, except Siganus oramin (S. oramin). This study was conducted to identify the bacteria in the intestine of S. oramin facilitating the digestion of E. prolifera polysaccharides (EPP). Metagenomic sequencing analysis of the S. oramin intestinal microbiota revealed that E. prolifera diet increased the number of Firmicutes, replacing Proteobacteria to be the dominant bacteria. The proportion of Firmicutes increased from 38.8 to 58.6%, with Bacteroidetes increasing nearly fivefold from 5 to 23.7%. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that EPP-induced Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the intestinal flora of S. oramin cultivated in vitro. Metatranscriptome analysis showed that EPP induced more transferase, polysaccharide hydrolase, glycoside hydrolase, and esterases expressed in vitro, and most of them were taxonomically annotated to Bacteroidetes. Compared with the aggregation of GH family genes in metagenomic sequencing analysis in vivo, EPP induced more CBM32, GH2, GT2, GT30, and GH30 families gene expression in vitro. In general, We found that the bacteria in intestinal tract of S. oramin responsible for digestion of E. prolifera were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while Bacteroidetes was the dominant bacteria involved in EPP degradation in vitro cultures. Compared with in vivo experiments, only GH family genes were mostly involved, we detected a more complete and complex EPP degradation pathway in vitro. The results may benefit the further study of biodegradation of E. prolifera and has potential implications for the utilization of E. prolifera for biotechnology.
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30
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van der Giessen J, Binyamin D, Belogolovski A, Frishman S, Tenenbaum-Gavish K, Hadar E, Louzoun Y, Peppelenbosch MP, van der Woude CJ, Koren O, Fuhler GM. Modulation of cytokine patterns and microbiome during pregnancy in IBD. Gut 2020; 69:473-486. [PMID: 31167813 PMCID: PMC7034354 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy may affect the disease course of IBD. Both pregnancy and IBD are associated with altered immunology and intestinal microbiology. However, to what extent immunological and microbial profiles are affected by pregnancy in patients with IBD remains unclear. DESIGN Faecal and serum samples were collected from 46 IBD patients (31 Crohn's disease (CD) and 15 UC) and 179 healthy controls during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, and prepregnancy and postpartum for patients with IBD. Peripheral blood cytokine profiles were determined by ELISA, and microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS Proinflammatory serum cytokine levels in patients with IBD decrease significantly on conception. Reduced interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-5 levels but increased IL-8 and interferon (IFN)γ levels compared with healthy controls were seen throughout pregnancy, but cytokine patterns remained stable during gestation. Microbial diversity in pregnant patients with IBD was reduced compared with that in healthy women, and significant differences existed between patients with UC and CD in early pregnancy. However, these microbial differences were no longer present during middle and late pregnancy. Dynamic modelling showed considerable interaction between cytokine and microbial composition. CONCLUSION Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels markedly improve on conception in pregnant patients with IBD, and intestinal microbiome diversity of patients with IBD normalises during middle and late pregnancy. We thus conclude that pregnancy is safe and even potentially beneficial for patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine van der Giessen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dana Binyamin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Sigal Frishman
- Rabin Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Eran Hadar
- Rabin Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Maikel Petrus Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gwenny Manel Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Calatayud M, Koren O, Collado MC. Maternal Microbiome and Metabolic Health Program Microbiome Development and Health of the Offspring. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:735-744. [PMID: 31493988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutritional, metabolic, and physiological states, as well as exposure to various environmental factors during conception, gestation, and lactation, have a fundamental role in the health programming of the offspring. Therefore, alterations affecting the maternal microbiota might indirectly influence fetal development. In addition, such alterations could be transmitted to the progeny at different stages of infant development (e.g., preconception, prenatal, or postnatal), thereby favoring the development of an altered microbiota in the neonate. Microbial changes of this kind have been linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including obesity and metabolic syndrome, allergy-related problems, and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the relevance of the maternal microbiota to fetal-neonatal health programming, with a focus on maternal nutritional and metabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Valencia, Spain; Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), National Research Council, Valencia, Spain.
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32
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Bass D, Stentiford GD, Wang HC, Koskella B, Tyler CR. The Pathobiome in Animal and Plant Diseases. Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:996-1008. [PMID: 31522755 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness of the diversity and ubiquity of microbes (eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses) associated with larger 'host' organisms has led to the realisation that many diseases thought to be caused by one primary agent are the result of interactions between multiple taxa and the host. Even where a primary agent can be identified, its effect is often moderated by other symbionts. Therefore, the one pathogen-one disease paradigm is shifting towards the pathobiome concept, integrating the interaction of multiple symbionts, host, and environment in a new understanding of disease aetiology. Taxonomically, pathobiomes are variable across host species, ecology, tissue type, and time. Therefore, a more functionally driven understanding of pathobiotic systems is necessary, based on gene expression, metabolic interactions, and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK; Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; International Center for Scientific Development of Shrimp Aquaculture, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Britt Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4HB, UK
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Doonan J, Denman S, Pachebat JA, McDonald JE. Genomic analysis of bacteria in the Acute Oak Decline pathobiome. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 30625111 PMCID: PMC6412055 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The UK’s native oak is under serious threat from Acute Oak Decline (AOD). Stem tissue necrosis is a primary symptom of AOD and several bacteria are associated with necrotic lesions. Two members of the lesion pathobiome, Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans, have been identified as causative agents of tissue necrosis. However, additional bacteria including Lonsdalea britannica and Rahnella species have been detected in the lesion microbiome, but their role in tissue degradation is unclear. Consequently, information on potential genome-encoded mechanisms for tissue necrosis is critical to understand the role and mechanisms used by bacterial members of the lesion pathobiome in the aetiology of AOD. Here, the whole genomes of bacteria isolated from AOD-affected trees were sequenced, annotated and compared against canonical bacterial phytopathogens and non-pathogenic symbionts. Using orthologous gene inference methods, shared virulence genes that retain the same function were identified. Furthermore, functional annotation of phytopathogenic virulence genes demonstrated that all studied members of the AOD lesion microbiota possessed genes associated with phytopathogens. However, the genome of B. goodwinii was the most characteristic of a necrogenic phytopathogen, corroborating previous pathological and metatranscriptomic studies that implicate it as the key causal agent of AOD lesions. Furthermore, we investigated the genome sequences of other AOD lesion microbiota to understand the potential ability of microbes to cause disease or contribute to pathogenic potential of organisms isolated from this complex pathobiome. The role of these members remains uncertain but some such as G. quercinecans may contribute to tissue necrosis through the release of necrotizing enzymes and may help more dangerous pathogens activate and realize their pathogenic potential or they may contribute as secondary/opportunistic pathogens with the potential to act as accessory species for B. goodwinii. We demonstrate that in combination with ecological data, whole genome sequencing provides key insights into the pathogenic potential of bacterial species whether they be phytopathogens, part-contributors or stimulators of the pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Doonan
- 1School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Sandra Denman
- 2Forest Research, Centre for Forestry and Climate Change, Farnham, UK
| | - Justin A Pachebat
- 3Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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34
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Progesterone Increases Bifidobacterium Relative Abundance during Late Pregnancy. Cell Rep 2019; 27:730-736.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
All natural animals and plants are holobionts, consisting of the host and microbiome, which is composed of abundant and diverse microorganisms. Health and disease of holobionts depend as much on interactions between host and microbiome and within the microbiome, as on interactions between organs and body parts of the host. Recent evidence indicates that a significant fraction of the microbiome is transferred by a variety of mechanisms from parent to offspring for many generations. Genetic variation in holobionts can occur in the microbiome as well as in the host genome, and it occurs more rapidly and by more mechanisms in genomes of microbiomes than in host genomes (e.g. via acquisition of novel microbes and horizontal gene transfer of microbial genes into host chromosomes). Evidence discussed in this review supports the concept that holobionts with their hologenomes can be considered levels of selection in evolution. Though changes in the microbiome can lead to evolution of the holobiont, it can also lead to dysbiosis and diseases (e.g. obesity, diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and autism). In practice, the possibility of manipulating microbiomes offers the potential to prevent and cure diseases.
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36
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Buret AG, Motta JP, Allain T, Ferraz J, Wallace JL. Pathobiont release from dysbiotic gut microbiota biofilms in intestinal inflammatory diseases: a role for iron? J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:1. [PMID: 30602371 PMCID: PMC6317250 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota interacting with an intact mucosal surface are key to the maintenance of homeostasis and health. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the biofilm mode of growth of these microbiota communities, and how in turn their disruptions may cause disease. Beyond alterations of relative microbial abundance and diversity, the aim of the review is to focus on the disruptions of the microbiota biofilm structure and function, the dispersion of commensal bacteria, and the mechanisms whereby these dispersed commensals may become pathobionts. Recent findings have linked iron acquisition to the expression of virulence factors in gut commensals that have become pathobionts. Causal studies are emerging, and mechanisms common to enteropathogen-induced disruptions, as well as those reported for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and colo-rectal cancer are used as examples to illustrate the great translational potential of such research. These new observations shed new light on our attempts to develop new therapies that are able to protect and restore gut microbiota homeostasis in the many disease conditions that have been linked to microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Gerald Buret
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Institute of Digestive Health Research, INSERM UMR1220, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Allain
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jose Ferraz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John Lawrence Wallace
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
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37
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Abstract
All multicellular organisms are colonized by microbes, but a gestalt study of the composition of microbiome communities and their influence on the ecology and evolution of their macroscopic hosts has only recently become possible. One approach to thinking about the topic is to view the host–microbiome ecosystem as a “holobiont”. Because natural selection acts on an organism’s realized phenotype, and the phenotype of a holobiont is the result of the integrated activities of both the host and all of its microbiome inhabitants, it is reasonable to think that evolution can act at the level of the holobiont and cause changes in the “hologenome”, or the collective genomic content of all the individual bionts within the holobiont. This relatively simple assertion has nevertheless been controversial within the microbiome community. Here, I provide a review of recent work on the hologenome concept of evolution. I attempt to provide a clear definition of the concept and its implications and to clarify common points of disagreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeffrey Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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38
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Hua C, Geng Y, Chen Q, Niu L, Cai L, Tao S, Ni Y, Zhao R. Chronic dexamethasone exposure retards growth without altering the digestive tract microbiota composition in goats. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:112. [PMID: 30200878 PMCID: PMC6131888 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dexamethasone (Dex), an artificially synthetic cortisol substitute, is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory drug, and is also employed to mimic the stress state experimentally. It is well known that chronic stress disturbs the gut microbiota community and digestive functions. However, no relevant studies have been conducted in ruminants. Results In this study, a low dosage of Dex (0.2 mg/kg body weight, Dex group, n = 5) was consecutively injected intramuscularly for 21 days to simulate chronic stress in growing goats. Goats were injected with saline (0.2 mg/kg body weight) as the control group (Con, n = 5). Dex-treated goats showed a higher number of white blood cells and blood glucose levels (p < 0.01), but lower dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight (p < 0.01) than those of saline-injected goats. Plasma cortisol concentration decreased significantly in response to the Dex injection compared to the control (p < 0.05). The Dex treatment did not change most ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFAs) concentrations before the morning feeding after 1–21 days of treatment (p > 0.05); however, ruminal VFA concentrations decreased dramatically 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the morning feeding on day 21 of the Dex injections. In this study, chronic Dex exposure did not alter the community structure of microbes or methanogenes in the rumen, caecum, or colonic digesta. Only Prevotella increased on days 7 and 14 of Dex treatment, but decreased on day 21, and Methanosphaera was the only genus of methanogene that decreased. Conclusions Our results suggest that chronic Dex exposure retards growth by decreasing DMI, which may be mediated by higher levels of blood glucose and lower ruminal VFA production. Microbiota in the digestive tract was highly resistant to chronic Dex exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1253-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Gobet A, Mest L, Perennou M, Dittami SM, Caralp C, Coulombet C, Huchette S, Roussel S, Michel G, Leblanc C. Seasonal and algal diet-driven patterns of the digestive microbiota of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a generalist marine herbivore. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:60. [PMID: 29587830 PMCID: PMC5870069 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holobionts have a digestive microbiota with catabolic abilities allowing the degradation of complex dietary compounds for the host. In terrestrial herbivores, the digestive microbiota is known to degrade complex polysaccharides from land plants while in marine herbivores, the digestive microbiota is poorly characterized. Most of the latter are generalists and consume red, green, and brown macroalgae, three distinct lineages characterized by a specific composition in complex polysaccharides, which represent half of their biomass. Subsequently, each macroalga features a specific epiphytic microbiota, and the digestive microbiota of marine herbivores is expected to vary with a monospecific algal diet. We investigated the effect of four monospecific diets (Palmaria palmata, Ulva lactuca, Saccharina latissima, Laminaria digitata) on the composition and specificity of the digestive microbiota of a generalist marine herbivore, the abalone, farmed in a temperate coastal area over a year. The microbiota from the abalone digestive gland was sampled every 2 months and explored using metabarcoding. RESULTS Diversity and multivariate analyses showed that patterns of the microbiota were significantly linked to seasonal variations of contextual parameters but not directly to a specific algal diet. Three core genera: Psychrilyobacter, Mycoplasma, and Vibrio constantly dominated the microbiota in the abalone digestive gland. Additionally, a less abundant and diet-specific core microbiota featured genera representing aerobic primary degraders of algal polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the establishment of a persistent core microbiota in the digestive gland of the abalone since its juvenile state and the presence of a less abundant and diet-specific core community. While composed of different microbial taxa compared to terrestrial herbivores, the digestive gland constitutes a particular niche in the abalone holobiont, where bacteria (i) may cooperate to degrade algal polysaccharides to products assimilable by the host or (ii) may have acquired these functions through gene transfer from the aerobic algal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Gobet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Laëtitia Mest
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Morgan Perennou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, FR2424, Genomer, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Simon M Dittami
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688 Roscoff Cedex, France
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Can Diet Influence Our Health by Altering Intestinal Microbiota-Derived Fecal Metabolites? mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00187-17. [PMID: 29629422 PMCID: PMC5881029 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00187-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse, highly mutualistic microbial flora which could produce a myriad of specialized metabolites. These specialized metabolites are the chemical cellphones that gut microflora use to communicate with their human host and could potentially be used to cure diseases. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse, highly mutualistic microbial flora which could produce a myriad of specialized metabolites. These specialized metabolites are the chemical cellphones that gut microflora use to communicate with their human host and could potentially be used to cure diseases. Chemical compounds in diet also shape the gut flora. In order to understand which and how the gut microbe-derived specialized metabolites affect human health, the “gut microbiome-metabolomic-human health axis” is thus proposed. In our laboratory, a strategy combining genomic, chemical, phenotypical analyses has been implemented to mine the treasures of bioactive molecules found in our gut and stool. We believe that the cutting edge metabolomics will bridge microbiology and human health.
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Broberg M, Doonan J, Mundt F, Denman S, McDonald JE. Integrated multi-omic analysis of host-microbiota interactions in acute oak decline. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:21. [PMID: 29378627 PMCID: PMC5789699 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Britain's native oak species are currently under threat from acute oak decline (AOD), a decline-disease where stem bleeds overlying necrotic lesions in the inner bark and larval galleries of the bark-boring beetle, Agrilus biguttatus, represent the primary symptoms. It is known that complex interactions between the plant host and its microbiome, i.e. the holobiont, significantly influence the health status of the plant. In AOD, necrotic lesions are caused by a microbiome shift to a pathobiome consisting predominantly of Brenneria goodwinii, Gibbsiella quercinecans, Rahnella victoriana and potentially other bacteria. However, the specific mechanistic processes of the microbiota causing tissue necrosis, and the host response, have not been established and represent a barrier to understanding and managing this decline. RESULTS We profiled the metagenome, metatranscriptome and metaproteome of inner bark tissue from AOD symptomatic and non-symptomatic trees to characterise microbiota-host interactions. Active bacterial virulence factors such as plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, reactive oxygen species defence and flagella in AOD lesions, along with host defence responses including reactive oxygen species, cell wall modification and defence regulators were identified. B. goodwinii dominated the lesion microbiome, with significant expression of virulence factors such as the phytopathogen effector avrE. A smaller proportion of microbiome activity was attributed to G. quercinecans and R. victoriana. In addition, we describe for the first time the potential role of two previously uncharacterised Gram-positive bacteria predicted from metagenomic binning and identified as active in the AOD lesion metatranscriptome and metaproteome, implicating them in lesion formation. CONCLUSIONS This multi-omic study provides novel functional insights into microbiota-host interactions in AOD, a complex arboreal decline disease where polymicrobial-host interactions result in lesion formation on tree stems. We present the first descriptions of holobiont function in oak health and disease, specifically, the relative lesion activity of B. goodwinii, G. quercinecans, Rahnella victoriana and other bacteria. Thus, the research presented here provides evidence of some of the mechanisms used by members of the lesion microbiome and a template for future multi-omic research into holobiont characterisation, plant polymicrobial diseases and pathogen defence in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Broberg
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Memorial Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Alle 8, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Doonan
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Memorial Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Filip Mundt
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sandra Denman
- Forest Research, Centre for Forestry and Climate Change, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - James E McDonald
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Memorial Building, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
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Dahan S, Segal Y, Watad A, Azrielant S, Shemer A, Maymon D, Stroev YI, Sobolevskaya PA, Korneva EA, Blank M, Gilburd B, Shovman O, Amital H, Ehrenfeld M, Tanay A, Kivity S, Pras E, Chapman J, Damoiseaux J, Cervera R, Putterman C, Shapiro I, Mouthon L, Perricone R, Bizzaro N, Koren O, Riemekasten G, Chereshnev VA, Mazurov VI, Goloviznin M, Gurevich V, Churilov LP, Shoenfeld Y. Novelties in the field of autoimmunity – 1st Saint Petersburg congress of autoimmunity, the bridge between east and west. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1175-1184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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