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Da Silva-Grigoletto ME, Pereira-Monteiro MR, Aragão-Santos JC, Vasconcelos ABS, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Fortes LDS. Brain functional training: a perspective article. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1368878. [PMID: 38974345 PMCID: PMC11224132 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1368878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Physical exercise (PE) positively affects the nervous system, impacting morphology and physiology. It increases brain gray and white matter, improves cerebral blood flow, and stimulates neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis, promoting brain function. Although exercise already affects cognition, some training modalities place greater demands on the cognitive aspects of physical exercise, such as perceptual-motor and visual-motor training. This type of approach aims to emphasize the cognitive adaptations that occur chronically. Specifically for older people, functional training, a multi-component approach, is a promising exercise modality that stimulates functionality using multi-joint, multi-planar exercises mirroring daily activities. However, applying a greater focus on cognitive adaptations in line with the functional training proposal for maximal benefits remains underexplored. Aim: Thus, this perspective article initially explores different exercise approaches emphasizing cognitive adaptations and proposes Brain Functional Training to improve older adult's functionality. Methods: Furthermore, we explain how brain functional training can be explored to emphasize cognitive aspects based on increasing complexity to stimulate the executive function and its subdomains. Conclusion: This proposal is one alternative to combining motor and cognitive stimuli to promote autonomy and health in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Health Education, Federal Univesity of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo de Sousa Fortes
- Associate Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Shi C, Zou Q, Wei H. The association of back pain with physical inactivity and hypothyroidism in pregnant women. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024:BMR240086. [PMID: 38968044 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-240086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, structural and functional changes usually occur in the body, which has various consequences, including lower back pain (LBP) and hypothyroidism. One of the risk factors for these problems is physical inactivity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of back pain and physical inactivity, weight gain, and hypothyroidism in pregnant women. METHODS In this cohort study, 420 pregnant women (26.333 ± 5.820 years old) were included. At first, participants answered this question: "Do you have any plans for pregnancy in the next month?" If the answer was yes, further evaluations were performed. The physical activity and pain intensity were measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S) and Visual Analogue Scale. Serum TSH was measured by automated chemiluminescence and commercial kits. Measurements were conducted before, the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS Women reporting LBP were less engaged in physical activities and weight gained in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was significantly higher than pregnant women without LBP (p< 0.05). TSH level and weight gained in pregnant women with low physical activity level was significantly higher than pregnant women with moderate and high physical activity (p< 0.05) (without significant difference in TSH and BMI). The physical inactivity (before: OR: 1.11 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.22; first trimester: OR: 1.09 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.59; second trimester: OR: 0.92 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.31; third trimester: OR: 1.12 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.39), TSH (OR: 0.85 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.29), and weight gain (second trimester: OR: 0.87 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.59; third trimester: OR: 1.44 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.98; p< 0.05) did predict increased pain intensity. CONCLUSION Using health-oriented approaches to increase physical activity and normalize thyroid function and weight gain during pregnancy can have beneficial effects on LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencui Shi
- Physical Examination Center, Danyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiangdong Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Lee J, Baek HS, Jo K, Kim MH, Lee JM, Chang SA, Lim DJ. The Impact of Physical Activity on Thyroid Health: Insights From Representative Data in Korea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae178. [PMID: 38620035 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid hormones are essential for energy metabolism related to thermogenesis and oxygen consumption. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the potential association of thyroid function including thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) with physical activity in nationally representative data. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2015. Physical activity (PA) was assessed using metabolic equivalents based on the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. PA level was categorized into 3 groups of high, moderate, and low. Participants with abnormal thyroid function test, restricted activity, or previous history of thyroid disease were excluded in the study. RESULTS A total of 5372 participants was finally selected. The free T4 level was lowest in the low PA group, while TSH was not significantly different among the groups. TPOAb titers increased in the following order: moderate PA, low PA, and high PA. After adjustment for confounding factors, moderate PA was associated with a high T4 level and a decrease in TSH and TPOAb with significance. However, there were no significant changes in free T4, TSH, or TPOAb titer in the high PA group. In a subanalysis, females with moderate PA showed a significant decrease in TSH and TPOAb. In both males and females, insulin sensitivity was increased with moderate PA. In obese participants, TSH negatively correlated with PA, and free T4 levels decreased in the low PA. The sensitivity to thyroid hormone did not differ in our study. CONCLUSION The present study found an association between thyroid function and moderate PA. Therefore, moderate-intensity PA should be recommended to improve thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sang Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanhoon Jo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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Yadav R, Swetanshu, Singh P. The molecular mechanism of obesity: The science behind natural exercise yoga and healthy diets in the treatment of obesity. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102345. [PMID: 38103823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The review centers on the scientific evidence underlying obesity, providing a detailed examination of the role of perilipin in this condition. It explores potential causes of obesity and delves into therapeutic approaches involving exercise, yoga, and herbal treatments. The paper discusses natural sources that can contribute to combating obesity and underscores the importance of exercise in a scientific context for overcoming obesity. Additionally, it includes information on herbal ingredients that aid in reducing obesity. The review also examines the impact of exercise type and intensity at various time intervals on muscle development. It elucidates triglyceride hydrolysis through different enzymes and the deposition of fatty acids in adipose tissue. The mechanisms by which alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) target and activate their functions are detailed. The inflammatory response in obesity is explored, encompassing inflammatory markers, lipid storage diseases, and their classification with molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the hormonal regulation of lipolysis is elaborated upon in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Yadav
- Sharda School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida-201310, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Swetanshu
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, U.P, India
| | - Pratichi Singh
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida-203201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hou Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Xu D. Association between UGS patterns and residents' health status: A report on residents' health in China's old industrial areas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117199. [PMID: 37806479 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Old industrial areas have low quality and spatial differentiation of urban green space (UGS), which makes it difficult to meet the public's physical activity needs and leads to increased health risks. The purpose of this study is to explore the equity of UGS patterns in old industrial areas and its internal relationship with residents' health status. METHODS This study selecteds relevant indicators to evaluate the equity of UGS patterns in the Harbin area and used linear regression analysis to explore the correlation between attributes of old industrial areas and UGS patterns. Additionally, this study explored the spatial correlation of UGSs using Moran's index and hotspot analysis. Finally, a report on residents' health was generated through a questionnaire survey, using linear regression analysis to explore the factors affecting residents' self-rated health and the significance of their correlation. RESULTS The results showed that there is an excess supply around the core industrial zone in the west, while the rural areas in the south face a serious shortage of supply. The significance between the factors representing age and income in industrial attributes and UGS pattern was less than 0.05. We observed that residents' self-rated health was positively affected by the intensity of physical activity (low intensity B = 2.073, medium intensity B = 2.359, high intensity B = 2.512) and the frequency of physical activity (B = 1.174). Ages (B = -0.597) and three generations living together (B = -3.191), which represent the industrial attributes, had a negative impact on residents' self-rated health. CONCLUSION To a certain extent, industrial attributes aggravate the mismatch of UGS patterns, leading to abnormal areas in spatial clustering. The quality of UGS in the old industrial zone is low and the movement is not strong; thus, the population characteristics and income have become the important factors affecting the health of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Hou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiyu Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yiming Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Dawei Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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Nolte S, Krüger K, Lenz C, Zentgraf K. Optimizing the Gut Microbiota for Individualized Performance Development in Elite Athletes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 38132317 PMCID: PMC10740793 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota can be compared to a fingerprint due to its uniqueness, hosting trillions of living organisms. Taking a sport-centric perspective, the gut microbiota might represent a physiological system that relates to health aspects as well as individualized performance in athletes. The athletes' physiology has adapted to their exceptional lifestyle over the years, including the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiota. The gut microbiota is influenced by several physiological parameters and requires a highly individual and complex approach to unravel the linkage between performance and the microbial community. This approach has been taken in this review, highlighting the functions that the microbial community performs in sports, naming gut-centered targets, and aiming for both a healthy and sustainable athlete and performance development. With this article, we try to consider whether initiating a microbiota analysis is practicable and could add value in elite sport, and what possibilities it holds when influenced through a variety of interventions. The aim is to support enabling a well-rounded and sustainable athlete and establish a new methodology in elite sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nolte
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany; (K.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department 5: Psychology & Sports Sciences, Institute for Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
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Ahmad AM, Serry ZH, Abd Elghaffar HA, Ghazi HA, El Gayar SL. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined training on thyroid function and quality of life in hypothyroidism. A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101795. [PMID: 37659172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercises on thyroid function, lipid profile, exercise capacity, and quality of life (QoL) in hypothyroid women. METHODS Sixty women aged 35 to 45 with clinical hypothyroidism were randomized to four equal groups: aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined AT/RT, and control groups. All exercises were performed at low to moderate intensity, three days per week, and for 12 weeks. Patients in all groups were on levothyroxine therapy. Outcome measures were free thyroxin (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), lipid profile, estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and QoL assessed by the 12-item Short Form (SF-12) Health Survey. RESULTS All exercise groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures compared to the baseline and the controls (p < 0.05). The combined AT/RT group showed more significant improvements in TSH and the mental component summary score of the SF-12 compared to the AT and RT groups (p < 0.05). The AT group showed the most significant improvement in estimated VO2 max, followed by the combined AT/RT and then the RT group. Non-significant differences were found between exercise groups in T4, blood lipids, and the physical component summary score of the SF-12 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION In women with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment, all AT, RT, and combined AT/RT could equally improve T4 levels, lipid profile, and physical health-related QoL. However, the combined AT/RT could induce the greatest improvements in TSH and mental health-related QoL, while the AT could have the greatest impact on exercise capacity in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR), retrospective, PACTR202305810673587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mahdi Ahmad
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Zahra Hassan Serry
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Ali Abd Elghaffar
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam Arafa Ghazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Jafari Gandomani S, Soleimani M, Fayazmilani R. Evaluation of the c-Fos expression in the hippocampus after fatigue caused by one session of endurance exercise in pre-pubertal and adult rats. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37812039 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2269471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Central fatigue plays an important role in reducing endurance exercise activity during brain development. c-Fos gene expression in the hippocampus was examined as an indicator of neuronal activation after exhaustion. METHODS Eighteen pre-pubertal male rats at four weeks old and 18 adult rats at eight weeks were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C), Constant time exercise (CTEx), Endurance Exercise until Exhaustion (ExhEx), which started at two minutes and ended in 20 min, the main swimming test was performed with a weight equal to 5% of the bodyweight attached to the rats' tail as a single session in experimental groups and was recorded at the end of their time, while to evaluate the force loss, the Grip strength was measured before and after the activity. The brain activation rate was examined by c-Fos gene expression and Nissl staining in CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus of all groups. RESULTS Power grip and Nissl positive neurons in CA3 and DG have been significantly higher in pre-pubertal rats than in adults, both in the CTEx group (p = 0.04) and in the ExhEx group (p < 0.001). Also, real-time exhaustion in the pre-pubertal group was significantly longer than in adults. c-Fos gene expression was significantly reduced in adults' hippocampus in comparison to preadolescence (p < 0.01) and control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings clarified that increased strength and longer fatigue in pre-puberal rats may lead to c-Fos gene expression and decreased neurons in the hippocampus. Perhaps this is a protective effect to suppress stress hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Jafari Gandomani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Fayazmilani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Albrahim T, Alangry R, Alotaibi R, Almandil L, Alburikan S. Effects of Regular Exercise and Intermittent Fasting on Neurotransmitters, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Cortex of Ovariectomized Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4270. [PMID: 37836554 PMCID: PMC10574130 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A collection of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases linked to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation frequently affect postmenopausal women or estrogen deprivation. Recent research has focused on alternative therapies that can enhance these women's quality of life. This study set out to investigate the effects of physical exercise (EX) and intermittent fasting (IF) on oxidants/antioxidants, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cortex of rats. Additionally, it sought to assess the response to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brains of rats following ovariectomy (OVX) and the potential mechanisms of these interventions. Fifty female rats were divided into one of the following groups 30 days after bilateral OVX: Control, OVX, OVX + EX, OVX + IF, and OVX + EX + IF groups. The rats in the Control and OVX groups continued their normal activities and had unrestricted access to food and water, but the rats in the OVX + EX and OVX + EX + IF groups had a 4-week treadmill training program, and the rats in the OXV + IF and OVX + EX + IF groups fasted for 13 h each day. The rats were killed, the cerebral cortex was taken, tissue homogenates were created, and various parameters were estimated using these homogenates. The results show that ovariectomized rats had decreased levels of neurotransmitters (DA, NE, and SE), acetylcholinesterase, brain GSH (glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and TAC (total antioxidant capacity), as well as elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, Cox-2). While ovariectomy-induced declines in neurotransmitters, enzymatic and nonenzymatic molecules, neuroinflammation, and oxidative brain damage were considerably mitigated and prevented by treadmill exercise and intermittent fasting, BDNF was significantly increased. These results suggest that ovariectomy can impair rat neuronal function and regular treadmill exercise and intermittent fasting seem to protect against ovariectomy-induced neuronal impairment through the inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and increased BDNF levels in the brain cortex. However, combining regular exercise and intermittent fasting did not provide additional benefits compared to either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfa Albrahim
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (R.A.); (L.A.); (S.A.)
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Skolasinska P, Basak C, Qin S. Influence of Strenuous Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Age-Related Differences in Brain Activations During Varieties of Cognitive Control. Neuroscience 2023; 520:58-83. [PMID: 37054946 PMCID: PMC10234626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
While there is extensive literature on the beneficial effects of physical activity on age differences in cognitive control, limited research exists on comparing the contributions of strenuous physical activity (sPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals during varieties of cognitive control. The current study addresses this gap in knowledge by investigating BOLD signal differences between high-fit and low-fit older adults, determined by their sPA or CRF, during a novel fMRI task with a hybrid block and event-related design that included transient activations (during switching, updating and their combination trials) and sustained activations (during proactive and reactive control blocks). fBOLD signals from older (n = 25) were compared to more functionally efficient younger (n = 15) adults. High-sPA old showed higher task accuracy than Low-sPA old and similar accuracy as young. Whole-brain fMRI analyses identified higher BOLD activations (esp. dlPFC/MFG) in high-fit old during updating and combination trials that were similar to young, suggesting maintenance of BOLD signals in higher fit older adults during working memory updating. Additionally, both High-sPA and High-CRF related compensatory overactivation were observed in left parietal and occipital areas during sustained activations, which were positively correlated with older adults' accuracy. These results suggest that physical fitness is a modifier of age-related changes in BOLD signal modulation elicited in response to increasing cognitive control demands, with higher fitness in old contributing to both compensatory overactivations and maintenance of task-related brain activations during cognitive control, whereas lower fitness contributed to maladaptive overactivations during lower cognitive demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Skolasinska
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
| | - Chandramallika Basak
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
| | - Shuo Qin
- Center for Vital Longevity, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA
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D'Agostini M, Burger AM, Franssen M, Perkovic A, Claes S, von Leupoldt A, Murphy PR, Van Diest I. Short bursts of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhance evoked pupil dilation as a function of stimulation parameters. Cortex 2023; 159:233-253. [PMID: 36640622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a neurostimulatory technique hypothesised to enhance central noradrenaline. Currently, there is scarce evidence in support of a noradrenergic mechanism of taVNS and limited knowledge on its stimulation parameters (i.e., intensity and pulse width). Therefore, the present study aimed to test whether taVNS enhances pupil dilation, a noradrenergic biomarker, as a function of stimulation parameters. Forty-nine participants received sham (i.e., left ear earlobe) and taVNS (i.e., left ear cymba concha) stimulation in two separate sessions, in a counterbalanced order. We administered short bursts (5s) of seven stimulation settings varying as a function of pulse width and intensity and measured pupil size in parallel. Each stimulation setting was administered sixteen times in separate blocks. We expected short bursts of stimulation to elicit phasic noradrenergic activity as indexed by event-related pupil dilation and event-related temporal derivative. We hypothesised higher stimulation settings, quantified as the total charge per pulse (pulse width x intensity), to drive greater event-related pupil dilation and temporal derivative in the taVNS compared to sham condition. Specifically, we expected stimulation settings in the taVNS condition to be associated with a linear increase in event-related pupil dilation and temporal derivative. We found stimulation settings to linearly increase both pupil measures. In line with our hypothesis, the observed dose-dependent effect was stronger in the taVNS condition. We also found taVNS to elicit more intense and unpleasant sensations than sham stimulation. These results support the hypothesis of a noradrenergic mechanism of taVNS. However, future studies should disentangle whether stimulation elicited sensations mediate the effect of taVNS on evoked pupil dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Perkovic
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- The Mind Body Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Peter R Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Wakaizumi K, Reckziegel D, Jabakhanji R, Apkarian AV, Baliki MN. Influence of exercise on pain is associated with resting-state functional connections: A cross-sectional functional brain imaging study. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2023; 13:100125. [PMID: 37025929 PMCID: PMC10070934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is associated with lower prevalence and severity of pain, and is widely recommended for pain management. However, the mechanisms the exercise effect on pain remain unclear. In this study, we examined the association of exercise with pain and aimed to identify its neurobiological mediators. We utilized a baseline data of a clinical trial for people with low back pain. Participants reported pain intensity and exercise habit, as well as pain-related psychological and emotional assessments. We also obtained brain imaging data using a resting-state functional MRI and performed mediation analyses to identify brain regions mediating the exercise effect on pain. Forty-five people with low back pain (mean pain intensity = 59.6 and mean duration = 9.9 weeks) were included in this study. Participants with an exercise habit (n = 29) showed significant less pain compared to those without an exercise habit (n = 16). Mediation analysis using resting-state functional connectivity identified the left thalamus, right amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex as statistical mediators of the exercise effect on pain (indirect effect = -0.460, 95% confidence interval = -0.767 to -0.153). In conclusion, our findings suggest that brain function of the specific regions is probably a neuro-mechanism of exercise alleviating pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Wakaizumi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Diane Reckziegel
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Rami Jabakhanji
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - A. Vania Apkarian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Marwan N. Baliki
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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13
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Jouira G, Srihi S, Ben Waer F, Rebai H, Sahli S. Comparison of Dynamic Balance Performances of Adult Runners With Intellectual Disability Versus Their Sedentary Peers. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:1443-1457. [PMID: 36028927 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to compare the dynamic balance between runners (100 sprint) and non-runners with intellectual disability (ID). Our participants were 36 healthy male adults with ID aged 17-29 years, divided into runners (n = 18) and sedentary non-runners (n = 18). We assessed dynamic balance in these participants, using the Y-Balance Test (YBT), the Expanded-Timed Up and Go Test (ETUGT) and the Functional Reach Test (FRT). Runners with ID had significantly better balance scores than their sedentary counterparts on YBT (p < .001), the two walking phases of the ETUGT (p < .05) and the FRT (p <.05). Thus, running training (100 m sprint) was associated with better dynamic balance in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Jouira
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Selim Srihi
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S) LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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14
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Coscarella IL, Landim-Vieira M, Pinto JR, Chelko SP. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Exercise Pitfalls, Role of Connexin-43, and Moving beyond Antiarrhythmics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158753. [PMID: 35955883 PMCID: PMC9369094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM), a Mendelian disorder that can affect both left and right ventricles, is most often associated with pathogenic desmosomal variants that can lead to fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium, a pathological hallmark of this disease. Current therapies are aimed to prevent the worsening of disease phenotypes and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Despite the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) there is no present therapy that would mitigate the loss in electrical signal and propagation by these fibrofatty barriers. Recent studies have shown the influence of forced vs. voluntary exercise in a variety of healthy and diseased mice; more specifically, that exercised mice show increased Connexin-43 (Cx43) expression levels. Fascinatingly, increased Cx43 expression ameliorated the abnormal electrical signal conduction in the myocardium of diseased mice. These findings point to a major translational pitfall in current therapeutics for ACM patients, who are advised to completely cease exercising and already demonstrate reduced Cx43 levels at the myocyte intercalated disc. Considering cardiac dysfunction in ACM arises from the loss of cardiomyocytes and electrical signal conduction abnormalities, an increase in Cx43 expression-promoted by low to moderate intensity exercise and/or gene therapy-could very well improve cardiac function in ACM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Leite Coscarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Maicon Landim-Vieira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - José Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
| | - Stephen P. Chelko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32303, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-644-2215
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15
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Klasson CL, Sadhir S, Pontzer H. Daily physical activity is negatively associated with thyroid hormone levels, inflammation, and immune system markers among men and women in the NHANES dataset. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270221. [PMID: 35793317 PMCID: PMC9258892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute effects of exercise on metabolic energy expenditure and inflammation are well studied, but the long-term effects of regular daily physical activity on metabolic and endocrine effects are less clear. Further, prior studies investigating the impact of daily physical activity in large cohorts have generally relied on self-reported activity. Here, we used the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the relationship between daily physical activity and both thyroid and immune activity. Daily physical activity was assessed through accelerometry or accelerometry-validated survey responses. Thyroid activity was assessed from circulating levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Immune function was assessed from circulating cytokines (C-reactive protein [CRP], immunoglobulin E [IgE], fibrinogen) and blood cell counts. In general linear models including body mass index, age, gender, activity and TSH as factors, active adults had a lower levels of T4 and reduced slope of the TSH:T4 relationship. Similarly, greater physical activity was associated with lower CRP and fibrinogen levels (but not IgE) and lower white blood cell, basophil, monocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil (but not lymphocyte) counts. Daily physical activity was also associated with lower prevalence of clinically elevated CRP, WBC, and lymphocytes in a dose-response manner. These results underscore the long-term impact of daily physical activity on both systemic metabolic activity (thyroid) and on specific physiological tasks (immune). The regulatory effects of physical activity on other bodily systems are clinically relevant and should be incorporated into public health strategies promoting exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Klasson
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CLK); (HP)
| | - Srishti Sadhir
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CLK); (HP)
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16
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Du Y, He L, Wang Y, Liao D. The Neural Mechanism of Long-Term Motor Training Affecting Athletes’ Decision-Making Function: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:854692. [PMID: 35517985 PMCID: PMC9062593 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.854692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision-making is an advanced cognitive function that promotes information processes in complex motor situations. In recent years, many neuroimaging studies have assessed the effects of long-term motor training on athletes’ brain activity while performing decision-making tasks, but the findings have been inconsistent and a large amount of data has not been quantitatively summarized until now. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the neural mechanism of long-term motor training affecting the decision-making function of athletes by using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. Altogether, 10 studies were included and comprised a total of 350 people (168 motor experts and 182 novices, 411 activation foci). The ALE meta-analysis showed that more brain regions were activated for novices including the bilateral occipital lobe, left posterior cerebellar lobe, and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) in decision-making tasks compared to motor experts. Our results possibly suggested the association between long-term motor training and neural efficiency in athletes, which provided a reference for further understanding the neural mechanisms of motor decision-making.
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17
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Shi Y, Wang P, Zhou D, Huang L, Zhang L, Gao X, Maitiabula G, Wang S, Wang X. Multi-Omics Analyses Characterize the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Signatures of Soldiers Under Sustained Military Training. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:827071. [PMID: 35401452 PMCID: PMC8990768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.827071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can directly alter the gut microbiome at the compositional and functional metabolic levels, which in turn may beneficially influence physical performance. However, data how the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome change, and how they interact in soldiers who commonly undergo sustained military training are limited. To address this issue, we first performed 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the gut microbial community patterns in a cohort of 80 soldiers separated into elite soldiers (ES, n = 40) and non-elite soldiers (N-ES, n = 40). We observed that the α-diversities of the ES group were higher than those of the N-ES group. As for both taxonomical structure and phenotypic compositions, elite soldiers were mainly characterized by an increased abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotella_9, and Veillonella, as well as a higher proportion of oxidative stress tolerant microbiota. The taxonomical signatures of the gut microbiome were significantly correlated with soldier performance. To further investigate the metabolic activities of the gut microbiome, using an untargeted metabolomic method, we found that the ES and N-ES groups displayed significantly different metabolic profiles and differential metabolites were primarily involved in the metabolic network of carbohydrates, energy, and amino acids, which might contribute to an enhanced exercise phenotype. Furthermore, these differences in metabolites were strongly correlated with the altered abundance of specific microbes. Finally, by integrating multi-omics data, we identified a shortlist of bacteria-metabolites associated with physical performance, following which a random forest classifier was established based on the combinatorial biomarkers capable of distinguishing between elite and non-elite soldiers with high accuracy. Our findings suggest possible future modalities for improving physical performance through targeting specific bacteria associated with more energetically efficient metabolic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longchang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejin Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gulisudumu Maitiabula
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Brown C, Pemberton S, Babin A, Abdulhameed N, Noonan C, Brown MB, Banks WA, Rhea EM. Insulin blood-brain barrier transport and interactions are greater following exercise in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:824-834. [PMID: 35175106 PMCID: PMC8917914 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00866.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects including improving peripheral insulin sensitivity, improving central function such as memory, and restoring a dysregulated blood-brain barrier (BBB). Central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance is a common feature of cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer's disease. Delivery of insulin to the brain can improve memory. Endogenous insulin must cross the BBB to directly act within the CNS and this transport system can be affected by various physiological states and serum factors. Therefore, the current study sought to investigate whether exercise could enhance insulin BBB transport as a mechanism for the underlying benefits of exercise on cognition. We investigated radioactive insulin BBB pharmacokinetics following an acute bout of exercise in young, male and female CD-1 mice. In addition, we investigated changes in serum levels of substrates that are known to affect insulin BBB transport. Finally, we measured the basal level of a downstream protein involved in insulin receptor signaling in various brain regions as well as muscle. We found insulin BBB transport in males was greater following exercise, and in males and females to both enhance the level of insulin vascular binding and alter CNS insulin receptor signaling, independent of changes in serum factors known to alter insulin BBB transport.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Central nervous system (CNS) insulin and exercise are beneficial for cognition. CNS insulin resistance is present in Alzheimer's disease. CNS insulin levels are regulated by transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We show that exercise can enhance insulin BBB transport and binding of insulin to the brain's vasculature in mice. There were no changes in serum factors known to alter insulin BBB pharmacokinetics. We conclude exercise could impact cognition through regulation of insulin BBB transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Brown
- 1Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sarah Pemberton
- 1Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,2Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alice Babin
- 1Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Noor Abdulhameed
- 1Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,2Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cassidy Noonan
- 1Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington,2Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Beth Brown
- 3Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William A. Banks
- 4Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,5Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth M. Rhea
- 4Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,5Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
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19
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Abasıyanık Z, Kurt M, Kahraman T. COVID-19 and Physical Activity Behaviour in People with Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES 2022; 34:987-1012. [PMID: 35125854 PMCID: PMC8803459 DOI: 10.1007/s10882-022-09836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a radical lifestyle change, which may unintendedly change physical activity levels. We aimed to perform a systematic review to investigate the physical activity changes in people with neurological diseases, and to examine the relationship between physical activity and disease symptoms, and psychosocial factors. The review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A systematic search of the literature across five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) was carried out using the keywords relating to COVID-19, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, exercise, and the name of the neurological diseases. The systematic search was updated on 4 February 2021 with the same keywords. Fourteen studies (n = 7662 persons with neurological diseases, n = 1663 healthy controls) were eligible for this review. The study populations were Parkinson disease (n = 7), dementia (n = 1), multiple sclerosis (n = 1), spinal cord injury (n = 1), hereditary spastic paraplegia (n = 1), neuromuscular diseases (n = 1), Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (n = 1), and epilepsy (n = 1). Thirteen studies reported a decreased physical activity level, one study reported a high interruption rate of physiotherapy/rehabilitation. Furthermore, the physical activity reduction was associated with worse disease symptoms, depression, perceived health, and mental and physical components of quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on the physical activity levels of people with neurological diseases, and this change was related to the worsening of disease symptoms and psychosocial factors. Registration number A protocol of the review was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020207676). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10882-022-09836-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Abasıyanık
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Kurt
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turhan Kahraman
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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20
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D'Agostini M, Burger AM, Villca Ponce G, Claes S, von Leupoldt A, Van Diest I. No evidence for a modulating effect of continuous transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on markers of noradrenergic activity. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e13984. [PMID: 34990045 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is thought to increase central noradrenergic activity, findings supporting such mechanism are scarce and inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate whether taVNS modulates indirect markers of phasic and tonic noradrenergic activity. Sixty-six healthy participants performed a novelty auditory oddball task twice on separate days: once while receiving taVNS (left cymba concha), once during sham (left earlobe) stimulation. To maximize potential effects, the stimulation was delivered continuously (frequency: 25 Hz; width: 250 μs) at an intensity individually calibrated to the maximal level below pain threshold. The stimulation was administered 10 min before the oddball task and maintained throughout the session. Event-related pupil dilation (ERPD) to target stimuli and pre-stimulus baseline pupil size were assessed during the oddball task as markers of phasic and tonic noradrenergic activity, respectively. Prior to and at the end of stimulation, tonic pupil size at rest, cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase were assessed as markers of tonic noradrenergic activity. Finally, we explored the effect of taVNS on cardiac vagal activity, respiratory rate, and salivary flow rate. Results showed a greater ERPD to both target and novelty compared to standard stimuli in the oddball task. In contrast to our hypotheses, taVNS did not impact any of the tested markers. Our findings strongly suggest that continuous stimulation of the cymba concha with the tested stimulation parameters is ineffective to increase noradrenergic activity via a vagal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephan Claes
- The Mind Body Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
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22
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Kusumoto H, Ta C, Brown SM, Mulcahey MK. Factors Contributing to Diurnal Variation in Athletic Performance and Methods to Reduce Within-Day Performance Variation: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:S119-S135. [PMID: 32868676 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kusumoto, H, Ta, C, Brown, SM, and Mulcahey, MK. Factors contributing to diurnal variation in athletic performance and methods to reduce within-day performance variation: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S119-S135, 2021-For many individuals, athletic performance (e.g., cycle ergometer output) differs based on the time of day (TOD). This study identified factors contributing to diurnal variation in athletic performance and methods to reduce TOD performance variation. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Peer-reviewed publications reporting quantitative, significant diurnal variation (p ≤ 0.05) of athletic performance with explanations for the differences were included. Studies providing effective methods to reduce diurnal variation were also included. Literature reviews, studies involving nonhuman or nonadult subjects, studies that intentionally manipulated sleep duration or quality, and studies deemed to be of poor methodological quality using NIH Quality Assessment Tools were excluded. Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Body temperature differences (n = 13), electromyographic parameters (n = 10), serum biomarker fluctuations (n = 5), athlete chronotypes (n = 4), and differential oxygen kinetics (n = 3) were investigated as significant determinants of diurnal variation in sports performance. Successful techniques for reducing diurnal athletic performance variability included active or passive warm-up (n = 9), caffeine ingestion (n = 2), and training-testing TOD synchrony (n = 3). Body temperature was the most important contributor to diurnal variation in athletic performance. In addition, extended morning warm-up was the most effective way to reduce performance variation. Recognizing contributors to diurnal variation in athletic performance may facilitate the development of more effective training regimens that allow athletes to achieve consistent performances regardless of TOD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canhnghi Ta
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - Symone M Brown
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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23
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D'Agostini M, Burger AM, Franssen M, Claes N, Weymar M, von Leupoldt A, Van Diest I. Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on reversal learning, tonic pupil size, salivary alpha-amylase, and cortisol. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13885. [PMID: 34245461 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) enhances reversal learning and augments noradrenergic biomarkers (i.e., pupil size, cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase [sAA]). We also explored the effect of taVNS on respiratory rate and cardiac vagal activity (CVA). Seventy-one participants received stimulation of either the cymba concha (taVNS) or the earlobe (sham) of the left ear. After learning a series of cue-outcome associations, the stimulation was applied before and throughout a reversal phase in which cue-outcome associations were changed for some (reversal), but not for other (distractor) cues. Tonic pupil size, salivary cortisol, sAA, respiratory rate, and CVA were assessed at different time points. Contrary to our hypothesis, taVNS was not associated with an overall improvement in performance on the reversal task. Compared to sham, the taVNS group performed worse for distractor than reversal cues. taVNS did not increase tonic pupil size and sAA. Only post hoc analyses indicated that the cortisol decline was steeper in the sham compared to the taVNS group. Exploratory analyses showed that taVNS decreased respiratory rate but did not affect CVA. The weak and unexpected effects found in this study might relate to the lack of parameters optimization for taVNS and invite to further investigate the effect of taVNS on cortisol and respiratory rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas M Burger
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Nathalie Claes
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Ilse Van Diest
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Moitinho-Silva L, Wegener M, May S, Schrinner F, Akhtar A, Boysen TJ, Schaeffer E, Hansen C, Schmidt T, Rühlemann MC, Hübenthal M, Rausch P, Kondakci MT, Maetzler W, Weidinger S, Laudes M, Süß P, Schulte D, Junker R, Sommer F, Weisser B, Bang C, Franke A. Short-term physical exercise impacts on the human holobiont obtained by a randomised intervention study. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:162. [PMID: 34078289 PMCID: PMC8170780 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human well-being has been linked to the composition and functional capacity of the intestinal microbiota. As regular exercise is known to improve human health, it is not surprising that exercise was previously described to positively modulate the gut microbiota, too. However, most previous studies mainly focused on either elite athletes or animal models. Thus, we conducted a randomised intervention study that focused on the effects of different types of training (endurance and strength) in previously physically inactive, healthy adults in comparison to controls that did not perform regular exercise. Overall study duration was ten weeks including six weeks of intervention period. In addition to 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of longitudinally sampled faecal material of participants (six time points), detailed body composition measurements and analysis of blood samples (at baseline and after the intervention) were performed to obtain overall physiological changes within the intervention period. Activity tracker devices (wrist-band wearables) provided activity status and sleeping patterns of participants as well as exercise intensity and heart measurements. RESULTS Different biometric responses between endurance and strength activities were identified, such as a significant increase of lymphocytes and decrease of mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) only within the strength intervention group. In the endurance group, we observed a significant reduction in hip circumference and an increase in physical working capacity (PWC). Though a large variation of microbiota changes were observed between individuals of the same group, we did not find specific collective alterations in the endurance nor the strength groups, arguing for microbiome variations specific to individuals, and therefore, were not captured in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS We could show that different types of exercise have distinct but moderate effects on the overall physiology of humans and very distinct microbial changes in the gut. The observed overall changes during the intervention highlight the importance of physical activity on well-being. Future studies should investigate the effect of exercise on a longer timescale, investigate different training intensities and consider high-resolution shotgun metagenomics technology. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS, DRKS00015873 . Registered 12 December 2018; Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moitinho-Silva
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michelle Wegener
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Schrinner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Awais Akhtar
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Teide J Boysen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Clint Hansen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte C Rühlemann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mustafa T Kondakci
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Süß
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Burkhard Weisser
- Institute of Sport Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Quincke Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Shaughnessy KA, Hackney KJ, Clark BC, Kraemer WJ, Terbizan DJ, Bailey RR, McGrath R. A Narrative Review of Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Functioning: Bringing a New Characteristic to Muscle Memory. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:1265-1278. [PMID: 31929158 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of handgrip strength have not only emerged as a clinically viable screening tool for determining risk for morbidity, functional disability, and early mortality, but also for helping to identify cognitive deficits. However, the phenomena that links low handgrip strength with cognitive decline remains unclear. The role of the muscular and neural systems, and their adaptations to muscle strengthening activities over the life course, may provide important information for how age-related changes to muscle mass, strength, and neural capacity influence cognition. Moreover, disentangling how handgrip strength and cognitive function are associated may help to inform healthcare providers working with aging adults and guide targeted interventions aiming to preserve muscle and cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE To 1) highlight and summarize evidence examining the associations of handgrip strength and cognitive functioning, and 2) provide directions for future research in this area. METHODS Articles from the PubMed database were searched from November 2018-May 2019. The search term algorithm, inclusion and exclusion criteria were pre-specified by investigators. RESULTS Several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have revealed that measures of handgrip strength were associated with cognitive declines regardless of age demographics and the presence of comorbidities. CONCLUSION Handgrip strength can be used in clinical and epidemiological settings for helping to determine the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. Future research should continue to examine how handgrip strength and cognitive function are linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Shaughnessy
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Donna J Terbizan
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ryan R Bailey
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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26
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Momenzadeh S, Zamani S, Dehghan F, Barreiro C, Jami MS. Comparative proteome analyses highlight several exercise-like responses of mouse sciatic nerve after IP injection of irisin. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3263-3278. [PMID: 33759230 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many beneficial effects of exercise on the nervous system are mediated by hormone (growth factor)/receptor signaling. Considering the accumulating evidence on the similarity of some beneficial effects, irisin can be a proposed effector of exercise; however, the mechanism underlying these effects remains largely unknown. More evidence on the mechanism of action might reveal its potential as a treatment strategy to substitute exercise recovery protocols for nerve injuries in physically disabled patients. To evaluate the underlying mechanism of irisin involvement in nerve adaptation and exerting beneficial effects, we studied the proteome profile alteration of mouse sciatic nerve after irisin administration. We also compared it with two 8-week protocols of resistance exercise and endurance exercise. The results indicate that irisin contributes to the regulation of nerve metabolism via overexpression of Ckm and ATP5j2 proteins. Irisin administration may improve sciatic nerve function by maintaining the architecture, enhancing axonal transport, and promoting synapse plasticity through increased structural and regulatory proteins and NO production. We also showed that irisin has the potential to induce neurotrophic support on the sciatic nerve by maintaining cell redox homeostasis, and responses to oxidative stress via the upregulation of disulfide-isomerase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Comparing with exercise groups, these effects are somewhat exercise-like responses. These data suggest that irisin can be a promising therapeutic candidate for specific targeting of defects in peripheral neuropathies and nerve injuries as an alternative for physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Zamani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fariba Dehghan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- 5 INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), León, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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The downstream effects of forced exercise training and voluntary physical activity in an enriched environment on hippocampal plasticity in preadolescent rats. Brain Res 2021; 1759:147373. [PMID: 33600831 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During critical periods of brain development, exercise-induced physical fitness may greatly impact the brain structure and function. Nevertheless, forced and intensive physical activities may display negative effects, particularly in the pre-pubertal period. Preadolescent rats were exposed to an enriched environment and combined exercise training for three consecutive weeks in the present study. There was a large cage with enriching stimuli and voluntary physical activity opportunities as an enriched environment (EE). The combined exercise training (CET) consisted of aerobic and resistance training programs. The protein levels of corticosterone (CORT), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. Cresyl violet staining was also used to evaluate the number of cells in the hippocampus. While GRs levels were significantly increased in both EE and CET groups (P < 0.001), decreased CORT levels were found in enriched rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, elevated BDNF levels were found in the EE (P < 0.01) and CET (P < 0.05) groups. Similarly, VEGF significantly increased in the EE (P < 0.01) and CET (P < 0.05) animals. However, IGF-1 levels were high only in trained rats (P < 0.05). The number of cells also significantly increased in the DG and CA1 region of the hippocampus after each intervention (P < 0.001). These findings clarified that combined exercise training and voluntary physical activity in an enriched environment during the preadolescent period might promote the downstream plasticity effects on the hippocampus.
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28
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Gronek P, Haas AN, Czarny W, Podstawski R, Delabary MDS, Clark CCT, Boraczyński M, Tarnas M, Wycichowska P, Pawlaczyk M, Gronek J. The Mechanism of Physical Activity-induced Amelioration of Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Aging Dis 2021; 12:192-202. [PMID: 33532136 PMCID: PMC7801266 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity, together with its ameliorative effects on Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms, remains a relatively unappreciated factor which may be beneficial for the treatment outcome. Contemporary evidence supports the positive effects of non-pharmacological approaches to PD symptom management, in particular the effects of the exercise on both, motor and non-motor symptoms. The aim of the study was to review the mechanisms of exercise-induced amelioration of PD symptoms. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched using the following key words: "Parkinson and physical activity" OR "Parkinson disease and exercise" OR "Parkinson disease and lifestyle factors" OR "Parkinson disease and longevity". A total of 97 studies which investigated PD genetics and various forms of exercise and their etiologic impact on PD were reviewed. The studies were subdivided into four topic groups: 1) genetics of PD, 2) exercise and the brain, 3) physical activity and PD, 4) mind-body interventions, and discussed accordingly. Adequate levels of physical activity are associated with higher quality of life in PD patients. Physical activity may have protective and stimulatory effects for better functional efficiency in higher-level cognitive networks. It can also improve balance and motor functions by improving muscle strength. Given the etiologic evidence of the beneficial effects of physical activity on PD, albeit tentative, a concerted effort to elucidate the processes and outcomes of physical activity on ameliorating symptoms of PD must be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aline Nogueira Haas
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Robert Podstawski
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marcela do Santos Delabary
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Cain CT Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Maria Tarnas
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paulina Wycichowska
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Mariola Pawlaczyk
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
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29
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Yook JS, Kwak JJ, Jeong WM, Song YH, Hijioka Y, Honda Y, Kim SE, Ha MS. Possible adaptogenic effects of Momordica charantia on high-intensity training-induced alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:290-296. [PMID: 33293770 PMCID: PMC7705085 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a drink supplement containing Momordica charantia extract from bitter melon on physical fitness and levels of stress hormones during a four-week exercise training program in a hot environment. Ten male tennis players were orally administrated in a four-week (100 ml, 6 times a day), and the pre- and post-supplementation levels of different physical fitness variables and cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone in plasma were measured at four time-points—before (baseline), during, and after the exercise, and on the next day of the supplementation. The findings showed that the supplementation has significant positive effects on enhancement of physical fitness parameters especially balance (d = 22.10, p = 0.013), flexibility (d = 4.83, p = 0.015), and cardiorespiratory fitness (d = 10.00, p = 0.030). Moreover, the adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were reduced during the exercise, and the cortisol levels showed the decreasing trend during and after the exercise, which was correlated with the change of cardiorespiratory fitness (r = 0.65, p<0.05). These results indicated the possible adaptogenic effects of Momordica charantia extract intake. Based on the findings, we suggest that Momordica charantia could be used as a source of adaptogenic supplement to alleviate the exercise- and environment-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Soo Yook
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Brain Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Kwak
- Department of National Defense Technology, Woosuk University, Daehak-ro 66, Jincheon-eup, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Min Jeong
- WellCare Korea Co. Ltd., Wadong-ro 26, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15265, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Song
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaption, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Center for Climate Change Adaption, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Min-Seong Ha
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Culture Science Department, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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30
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Abstract
Exercise seems to be effective in reducing depression itself, as well as the risk of relapse. This study evaluated whether standardized guided exercise therapy (GET) in comparison with self-organized activity (SOA) is an effective augmentation therapy in depressive adults. A total of 111 inpatients (66.7% women; mean age, 45.05 ± 12.19 years) with major depression were randomly assigned to either GET or SOA. Interventions were performed three times a week, with each session lasting 50 minutes. Both GET and SOA exerted effects even after a short-term application of 6 weeks. GET was superior to SOA in reducing depression symptom severity, as measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale (p = 0.017), specifically improving suicidality (p = 0.028) as well as time (p = 0.003) and severity of diurnal variation (p = 0.027). The findings support the beneficial role of adjuvant GET in patients with major depression as a feasible treatment in a psychiatric short-term inpatient setting.
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31
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Han M, Yang K, Yang P, Zhong C, Chen C, Wang S, Lu Q, Ning K. Stratification of athletes' gut microbiota: the multifaceted hubs associated with dietary factors, physical characteristics and performance. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-18. [PMID: 33289609 PMCID: PMC7734118 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1842991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial communities of athletes differ from that of sedentary persons in both diversity and the presence of certain taxa. However, it is unclear to what degree elite athletes and non-elite athletes harbor different gut microbial community patterns and if we can effectively monitor the potential of athletes based on microbiota. A team of professional female rowing athletes in China was recruited and 306 fecal samples were collected from 19 individuals, which were separated into three cohorts: adult elite athlete's (AE), youth elite athlete's (YE), and youth non-elite athlete's (YN). The differences in gut microbiome among different cohorts were compared, and their associations with dietary factors, physical characteristics, and athletic performance were investigated. The microbial diversities of elite athletes were higher than those of youth non-elite athletes. The taxonomical, functional, and phenotypic compositions of AE, YE and YN were significantly different. Additionally, three enterotypes with clear separation were identified in athlete's fecal samples, with majority of elite athletes stratified into enterotype 3. And this enterotype-dependent gut microbiome is strongly associated with athlete performances. These differences in athlete gut microbiota lead to establishment of a random forest classifier based on taxonomical and functional biomarkers, capable of differentiating elite athletes and non-elite athletes with high accuracy. Finally, these versatilities of athlete microbial communities of athletes were found to be associated with dietary factors and physical characteristics, which can in concert explain 41% of the variability in gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhen Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,CONTACT Kang Ning
| | - Kun Yang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengshuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaofang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Song Wang
- Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Song Wang Exercise Immunology Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei430079, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Qunwei Lu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei430074, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China,CONTACT Kang Ning
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32
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Angelova G, Skodova T, Prokopiusova T, Markova M, Hruskova N, Prochazkova M, Pavlikova M, Spanhelova S, Stetkarova I, Bicikova M, Kolatorova L, Rasova K. Ambulatory Neuroproprioceptive Facilitation and Inhibition Physical Therapy Improves Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis and Modulates Serum Level of Neuroactive Steroids: A Two-Arm Parallel-Group Exploratory Trial. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10110267. [PMID: 33142850 PMCID: PMC7693100 DOI: 10.3390/life10110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Only few studies have monitored the potential of physical activity training and physical therapy to modulate the reaction of the endocrine system. In this study, the effect of neuroproprioceptive facilitation and inhibition physical therapy on clinical outcomes and neuroactive steroids production in people with multiple sclerosis was evaluated. Moreover, we were interested in the factors that influence the treatment effect. Methods: In total, 44 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into two groups. Each group underwent a different kind of two months ambulatory therapy (Motor program activating therapy and Vojta’s reflex locomotion). During the following two months, participants were asked to continue the autotherapy. Primary (serum level of cortisol, cortisone, 7α-OH-DHEA, 7β-OH-DHEA, 7-oxo-DHEA, DHEA) and secondary (balance, cognition and patient-reported outcomes) outcomes were examined three times (pre, post, and washout assessments). Results: In both groups, there is a decreasing trend of 7-oxo-DHEA concentration in post-assessment and 7β-OH-DHEA in washout versus pre-assessment. A higher impact on neuroactive steroids is visible after Vojta’s reflex locomotion. As for clinical outcomes, the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale significantly improved between post-assessment and washout assessment. The improvement was similar for both treatments. Conclusions: Neuroproprioceptive facilitation and inhibition improved the clinical outcomes and led to non-significant changes in neuroactive steroids. Trial registration (NCT04379193).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Angelova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Tereza Skodova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrionology, 11694 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Terezie Prokopiusova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Magdalena Markova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Natalia Hruskova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marie Prochazkova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marketa Pavlikova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarka Spanhelova
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine, Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Bicikova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrionology, 11694 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Lucie Kolatorova
- Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrionology, 11694 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (M.B.); (L.K.)
| | - Kamila Rasova
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic; (G.A.); (T.P.); (M.M.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: or
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Kapoor MP, Koido M, Kawaguchi M, Timm D, Ozeki M, Yamada M, Mitsuya T, Okubo T. Lifestyle related changes with partially hydrolyzed guar gum dietary fiber in healthy athlete individuals – A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled gut microbiome clinical study. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Guseh JS, Churchill TW, Yeri A, Lo C, Brown M, Houstis NE, Aragam KG, Lieberman DE, Rosenzweig A, Baggish AL. An expanded repertoire of intensity-dependent exercise-responsive plasma proteins tied to loci of human disease risk. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10831. [PMID: 32616758 PMCID: PMC7331669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine endurance exercise confers numerous health benefits, and high intensity exercise may accelerate and magnify many of these benefits. To date, explanatory molecular mechanisms and the influence of exercise intensity remain poorly understood. Circulating factors are hypothesized to transduce some of the systemic effects of exercise. We sought to examine the role of exercise and exercise intensity on the human plasma proteome. We employed an aptamer-based method to examine 1,305 plasma proteins in 12 participants before and after exercise at two physiologically defined intensities (moderate and high) to determine the proteomic response. We demonstrate that the human plasma proteome is responsive to acute exercise in an intensity-dependent manner with enrichment analysis suggesting functional biological differences between the moderate and high intensity doses. Through integration of available genetic data, we estimate the effects of acute exercise on exercise-associated traits and find proteomic responses that may contribute to observed clinical effects on coronary artery disease and blood pressure regulation. In sum, we provide supportive evidence that moderate and high intensity exercise elicit different signaling responses, that exercise may act in part non-cell autonomously through circulating plasma proteins, and that plasma protein dynamics can simulate some the beneficial and adverse effects of acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sawalla Guseh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Timothy W Churchill
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Claire Lo
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Marcel Brown
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Nicholas E Houstis
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Krishna G Aragam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Division of Cardiology, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA.
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35
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Fallon IP, Tanner MK, Greenwood BN, Baratta MV. Sex differences in resilience: Experiential factors and their mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2530-2547. [PMID: 31800125 PMCID: PMC7269860 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse life events can lead to stable changes in brain structure and function and are considered primary sources of risk for post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, most individuals do not develop these conditions following exposure to traumatic experiences, and research efforts have identified a number of experiential factors associated with an individual's ability to withstand, adapt to and facilitate recovery from adversity. While multiple animal models of stress resilience exist, so that the detailed biological mechanisms can be explored, studies have been disproportionately conducted in male subjects even though the prevalence and presentation of stress-linked disorders differ between sexes. This review focuses on (a) the mechanisms by which experiential factors (behavioral control over a stressor, exercise) reduce the impact of adverse events as studied in males; (b) whether other manipulations (ketamine) that buffer against stress-induced sequelae engage the same circuit features; and (c) whether these processes operate similarly in females. We argue that investigation of experiential factors that produce resistance/resilience rather than vulnerability to adversity will generate a unique set of biological mechanisms that potentially underlie sex differences in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella P. Fallon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Margaret K. Tanner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80217, USA
| | | | - Michael V. Baratta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
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Chrishtop VV, Tomilova IK, Rumyantseva TA, Mikhaylenko EV, Avila-Rodriguez MF, Mikhaleva LM, Nikolenko VN, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Bachurin SO, Aliev G. The Effect of Short-Term Physical Activity on the Oxidative Stress in Rats with Different Stress Resistance Profiles in Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3014-3026. [PMID: 32458388 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress associated with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is one of the fundamental factors leading to neurodegenerative diseases. To prevent oxidative stress, physical activity is effective. Physical exercise enables development of rehabilitation techniques that can progressively increase patients' stress resistance. We determined the oxidative stress dynamics in experimental hypoperfusion and modeled rehabilitation measures, comparing sex and stress resistance levels. The experiment was performed on 240 Wistar rats of both sexes over a period of 90 days. Based on behavioral test results obtained using the open field test, the rats were divided into active animals with predicted higher stress resistance (HSR) and passive animals with predicted lower stress resistance (LSR). TBA (thiobarbituric acid) plasma concentration of the active products (malondialdehyde-MDA), blood plasma (NO-X) concentration, and L-citrulline (LC) concentration were determined spectrophotometrically at the corresponding wave length (nm). The intensity of oxidative stress was evaluated using the chemoluminscent method to determine the blood plasma antioxidant activity on the BCL-07 biochemoluminometer. This study revealed two stages of oxidative stress: a less pronounced phase covering the first days after surgery and a main one, which starts from the month after the operation to 3 months. Female sex and a high initial level of stress resistance reduced the severity of oxidative stress. Physical activity commencing a week after the surgery resulted in "reloading" the adaptive mechanisms and slowed the onset of the main stage, leading to a decrease in the free-radical process in all studied subgroups and the greater blood plasma (NO)-X decrease in the male animals. Future neuropharmacological intervention most likely will be able to determine the pathophysiology mechanism of chronic brain hypoperfusion and potentially extending adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Chrishtop
- Central Research Laboratory, Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Avenue Sheremetyevsky 8, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, 153012
| | - Irina K Tomilova
- Department of Biochemistry, Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Avenue Sheremetyevsky 8, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, 153012
| | - Tatiana A Rumyantseva
- Department of Human Anatomy, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Street Revolutsionnaya 5, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation, 150000
| | - Elizaveta V Mikhaylenko
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Marco F Avila-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinic Sciences, University of Tolima, Barrio Santa Helena, Ibagué, 730006, Colombia
| | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117418
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | | | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, 26426, USA
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny pr., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, 142432
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow, Russia, 119991. .,Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117418. .,Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severny pr., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, 142432. .,GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Toval A, Vicente-Conesa F, Martínez-Ortega P, Kutsenko Y, Morales-Delgado N, Garrigos D, Alonso A, Ribeiro Do Couto B, Popović M, Ferran JL. Hypothalamic Crh/ Avp, Plasmatic Glucose and Lactate Remain Unchanged During Habituation to Forced Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:410. [PMID: 32499715 PMCID: PMC7243680 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that physical activity contributes to a healthier life. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the neural mechanisms producing these effects. One of the keystones to deal with this problem is to use training programs with equal loads of physical activity. However, irregular motor and stress responses have been found in murine exercise models. Habituation to forced exercise facilitates a complete response to a training program in all rodents, reaching the same load of physical activity among animals. Here, it was evaluated if glucose and lactate - which are stress biomarkers - are increased during the habituation to exercise. Sprague-Dawley rats received an 8-days habituation protocol with progressive increments of time and speed of running. Then, experimental and control (non-habituated) rats were subjected to an incremental test. Blood samples were obtained to determine plasmatic glucose and lactate levels before, immediately after and 30 min after each session of training. Crh and Avp mRNA expression was determined by two-step qPCR. Our results revealed that glucose and lactate levels are not increased during the habituation period and tend to decrease toward the end of the protocol. Also, Crh and Avp were not chronically activated by the habituation program. Lactate and glucose, determined after the incremental test, were higher in control rats without previous contact with the wheel, compared with habituated and wheel control rats. These results suggest that the implementation of an adaptive phase prior to forced exercise programs might avoid non-specific stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Toval
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Vicente-Conesa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paloma Martínez-Ortega
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yevheniy Kutsenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Daniel Garrigos
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Zhang S, Xue R, Geng Y, Wang H, Li W. Fisetin Prevents HT22 Cells From High Glucose-Induced Neurotoxicity via PI3K/Akt/CREB Signaling Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:241. [PMID: 32265642 PMCID: PMC7096699 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has been widely considered as a key risk factor for diabetic encephalopathy which can cause neuronal apoptosis and cognitive deficits. The flavonoid compound, fisetin, possesses potential neuroprotective effects and also enhances learning and memory. However, the role of fisetin in hyperglycemia-induced neuronal cytotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cell line was used to establish the injured cell model. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, qRT-PCR, western blot analysis, and specific inhibitor were used to investigate the effect and molecular mechanisms of fisetin on high glucose (HG)-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. Our results showed that 125 μM and 48 h of treatment was identified as optimal damage parameter of HG. Fisetin significantly improved HG-inhibited cell viability. The levels of LDH, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were noticeably modulated by fisetin, which alleviated HG-induced HT22 cell oxidative damage. Besides, the apoptosis of HT22 cells was rescued by fisetin pretreatment. In addition, fisetin also prevented HG-induced downregulation of the mRNA expression of Bdnf, Gdnf, synaptophysin (Syp), and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (Gria1) in cells. More importantly, the decreased phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) was rescued by fisetin treatment and that neuroprotective effect of fisetin was partially blocked by PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. These findings indicate that fisetin has potent neuroprotective effect and prevents HG-induced neurotoxicity by activation of PI3K/Akt/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Zhang
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Geng
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Precision Nutrition Innovation Center, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ivarsson A, Stenling A, Weman Josefsson K, Höglind S, Lindwall M. Associations between physical activity and core affects within and across days: a daily diary study. Psychol Health 2020; 36:43-58. [PMID: 32241180 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1745801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate (a) if daily physical activity at the within-person level is related to four different core affects the same evening, (b) if core affects in the evening predict physical activity the following day, and (c) if physical activity predicts core affects the following day. DESIGN A total of 166 university students were asked to complete the affect and physical activity measures once a day (in the evening), for seven days. Bivariate unconditional latent curve model analyses with structured residuals were performed to investigate the relations within days and across days between the core affects and physical activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Core affects and physical activity. RESULTS Physical activity had positive within-day associations with pleasant-activated and pleasant-deactivated core affects and a negative within-day association with unpleasant-deactivated affective responses. There were, however, no statistically significant relations between core affects and physical activity across days. CONCLUSION These results highlight that the measurement interval might be an important factor that influences the association between core affects and physical activity behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Umea Universitet, Umea, Sweden.,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Magnus Lindwall
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mood Responses to Passive and Active Motion Leg Cycling Exercise in Healthy Sedentary Young Adults. Adv Prev Med 2020; 2020:7282013. [PMID: 32181019 PMCID: PMC7066409 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7282013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that passive motion exercise (PME) may be useful for overcoming exercise limitations associated with a sedentary lifestyle, orthopedic disorders, and various other debilitating conditions. Negative mood response is one of the factors that limit a person's ability to exercise. Therefore, this study tests the hypothesis that the mood response associated with PME is not different than the mood response associated with active motion exercise (AME). Eight women and seven men participated in the study and were administrated the Profile of Mood States (POMS) during modes of PME and AME in a randomized order. Outcome of the POMS consisted of the total mood disturbance score [(feelings of tension + depression + fatigue + anger + confusion) − vigor]. ANOVA was used to determine significance of differences in total mood disturbance, oxygen uptake (V.O2), and middle cerebral blood flow velocity (MCAv) at baseline and immediately after 30-minute conditions of PME and AME. Postexercise total mood disturbance score was significantly decreased for both conditions (PME baseline 29.2 ± 5.2 vs. postexercise 16.4 ± 6.8, P < 0.05) and AME baseline 22.4 ± 4.4 vs. postexercise 13.1 ± 5.2, P < 0.05). These senses of changes in feelings were associated with significant physiological increases in V.O2 and MCAv during both PME and AME (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that physiological and mood responses to passive and active motion cycling exercise are not different. Future studies should determine whether passive motion cycling exercise is a useful preventive medicine strategy for overcoming various disease-related exercise limitations and counteracting the adverse effects of sedentary lifestyles.
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Nogueira PAS, Pereira MP, Soares JJG, de Assis Silva Gomes J, Ribeiro DL, Razolli DS, Velloso LA, Neto MB, Zanon RG. Swimming reduces fatty acids-associated hypothalamic damage in mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101713. [PMID: 31726089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The arcuate and the paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic nuclei, related to hunger and satiety control, are generally compromised by excess fatty acids. In this situation, fatty acids cause inflammation via TLR4 (toll like receptor 4) and the nuclei become less responsive to the hormones leptin and insulin, contributing to the development of obesity. In this work, these nuclei were analyzed in animals fed with high-fat diet and submitted to swimming without and with load for two months. For this, frontal sections of the hypothalamus were immunolabelled with GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), synaptophysin, IL-6 (interleukin 6) and TLR4. Also, proteins extracted from the hypothalamus were analyzed using Western blotting (GFAP and synaptophysin), fluorometric analysis for caspases 3 and 7, and CBA (cytometric bead array) for Th1, Th2, and Th17 profiles. The high-fat diet significantly caused overweight and, in the hypothalamus, decreased synapses and increased astrocytic reactivity. The swimming with load, especially 80 % of the maximum load, reduced those consequences. The high-fat diet increased TLR4 in the arcuate nucleus and the swimming exercise with 80 % of the maximum load showed a tendency of reducing this expression. Swimming did not significantly influence the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus or in plasma. The high-fat diet in sedentary animals increased the expression of caspases 3 and 7 and swimming practice reduced this increment to levels compatible with animals fed on a normal diet. The set of results conclude that the impact of swimming on the damage caused in the hypothalamus by a high-fat diet is positive. The different aspects analyzed in here point to better cellular viability and conservation of the synapses in the hypothalamic nuclei of overweight animals that practiced swimming with a load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Augusto Silva Nogueira
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Pimenta Pereira
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana de Assis Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular Interactions Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele Lisboa Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Soares Razolli
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Morun Bernardino Neto
- Department of Basic and Environmental Sciences, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Graciele Zanon
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Enhancing effect of aerobic training on learning and memory performance in rats after long-term treatment with Lacosamide via BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111963. [PMID: 31116960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic training has a neuroprotective effect, reduces the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and facilitates functional recovery. The present study assesses the effect of aerobic training on cognitive functions, hippocampal BDNF/TrkB ligand receptor system expression and serum levels of BDNF and corticosterone in intact rats after chronic treatment with Lacosamide (LCM). Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. One group was exercised on a treadmill (Ex) and the other one was sedentary (Sed). Half of the rats from each group received saline (veh) while the other half - LCM. The rats underwent a month-long training and LCM treatment before being subjected to one active and two passive avoidance tests. Both trained groups increased significantly the number of avoidances compared with the sedentary animals during the learning session and on memory retention tests, while the number of avoidances of the LCM-treated rats was significantly lower in comparison with the saline-treated animals. Both passive avoidance tests revealed that trained animals spent more time in the lighted compartment or caused longer stay on the platform than did the sedentary rats during acquisition and short- and long-term memory retention tests. Aerobic training increased BDNF and TrkB hippocampal immunoreactivity. We found no significant difference between BDNF serum levels but corticosterone levels of the Sed-LCM rats were lower than those of the Sed-veh animals. Our results show that aerobic training increases the hippocampal BDNF/TrkB expression suggesting a role in preventing the negative effect of Lacosamide on cognitive functions in rats.
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Development of an Exercise Training Protocol to Investigate Arteriogenesis in a Murine Model of Peripheral Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163956. [PMID: 31416228 PMCID: PMC6720754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a treatment option in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients to improve their clinical trajectory, at least in part induced by collateral growth. The ligation of the femoral artery (FAL) in mice is an established model to induce arteriogenesis. We intended to develop an animal model to stimulate collateral growth in mice through exercise. The training intensity assessment consisted of comparing two different training regimens in C57BL/6 mice, a treadmill implementing forced exercise and a free-to-access voluntary running wheel. The mice in the latter group covered a much greater distance than the former pre- and postoperatively. C57BL/6 mice and hypercholesterolemic ApoE-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice were subjected to FAL and had either access to a running wheel or were kept in motion-restricting cages (control) and hind limb perfusion was measured pre- and postoperatively at various times. Perfusion recovery in C57BL/6 mice was similar between the groups. In contrast, ApoE−/− mice showed significant differences between training and control 7 d postoperatively with a significant increase in pericollateral macrophages while the collateral diameter did not differ between training and control groups 21 d after surgery. ApoE−/− mice with running wheel training is a suitable model to simulate exercise induced collateral growth in PAD. This experimental set-up may provide a model for investigating molecular training effects.
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Sawada D, Kuwano Y, Tanaka H, Hara S, Uchiyama Y, Sugawara T, Fujiwara S, Rokutan K, Nishida K. Daily intake of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 relieves fatigue and stress-related symptoms in male university Ekiden runners: A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Thomas MC, Kamarck TW, Li X, Erickson KI, Manuck SB. Physical activity moderates the effects of daily psychosocial stressors on ambulatory blood pressure. Health Psychol 2019; 38:925-935. [PMID: 31120273 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous literature has shown an inconsistent relationship between physical activity and stressor-evoked blood pressure reactivity. Use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may facilitate detecting such a relationship. In this study, the moderating effects of regular physical activity on the magnitude of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) responses to psychosocial stressors experienced in daily life were examined. METHOD Four hundred seventy-seven healthy working adults (ages 30-54) provided ABP readings and recorded their daily experiences, using electronic diaries (ED), over 4 monitoring days. Measures of momentary Task Strain (high demand, low control) and Social Conflict (rating of recent social interaction quality) were used as indices of stressor exposure, and an accelerometry device was used to create 2 indices of physical activity: weekly average and recent (30 min prior to each ED interview). Multilevel models were used to examine the moderating between- and within-person effects of physical activity on ABP fluctuations corresponding with the momentary psychosocial stressors. RESULTS Weekly physical activity moderated the effects of ABP responses to Task Strain (systolic blood pressure [SBP]: p = .033; diastolic blood pressure [DBP]: p = .028) and Social Conflict (DBP: p = .020), with significant increases in SBP and DBP shown for less physically active individuals but not for more physically active individuals. Similarly, recent physical activity moderated within-person DBP responses to Task Strain (p = .025), with greater DBP increases following less active periods. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that weekly and recent physical activity may moderate the effects of ABP responses to daily psychosocial stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Cucarián JD, Berrío JP, Rodrigues C, Zancan M, Wink MR, de Oliveira A. Physical exercise and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate motor disturbances in a male rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1095-1109. [PMID: 31119788 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling and highly costly neurodegenerative condition with worldwide prevalence. Despite advances in treatments that slow progression and minimize locomotor impairments, its clinical management is still a challenge. Previous preclinical studies, using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation and isolated physical exercise (EX), reported beneficial results for treatment of PD. Therefore, this experimental randomized study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic potential of combined therapy using adipose-derived human MSCs (ADSCs) grafted into the striatum in conjunction with aerobic treadmill training, specifically in terms of locomotor performance in a unilateral PD rat model induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Forty-one male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups in accordance with the type of treatment to which they were subjected (Sham, 6-OHDA - injury, 6-OHDA + exercise, 6-OHDA + cells, and 6-OHDA + combined). Subsequently, dopaminergic depletion was assessed by the methylphenidate challenge and the specified therapeutic intervention was conducted in each group. The foot fault task was performed at the end of the experiment to serve as an assessment of motor skills. The results showed that despite disturbances in motor balance and coordination, locomotor dysfunction was ameliorated in all treatment categories in comparison to the injury group (sign test, p < 0.001, effect size: 0.71). The exercise alone and combined groups were the categories that exhibited the best recovery in terms of movement performance (p < 0.001). Overall, this study confirms that exercise is a powerful option to improve motor function and a promising adjuvant intervention for stem cell transplantation in the treatment of PD motor symptoms. OPEN PRACTICES: This article has been awarded Open Data. All materials and data are publicly accessible at https://figshare.com/s/18a543c101a17a1d5560. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison D Cucarián
- Graduate Course in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jenny P Berrío
- Graduate Course in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Rodrigues
- Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zancan
- Graduate Course in Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Wink
- Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alcyr de Oliveira
- Graduate Course in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Course in Psychology and Health, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Jahangiri Z, Gholamnezhad Z, Hosseini M. Neuroprotective effects of exercise in rodent models of memory deficit and Alzheimer's. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:21-37. [PMID: 30443769 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fastest growing neurodegenerative condition with no standard treatment. There are growing evidence about the beneficial effects of exercise in brain health promotion and slowing the cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to review the protective mechanisms of treadmill exercise in different models of rodent memory deficits. Online literature database, including PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Google scholar were searched from 2003 till 2017. Original article with English language were chosen according to following key words in the title: (exercise OR physical activity) AND (memory OR learning). Ninety studies were finally included in the qualitative synthesis. The results of these studies showed the protective effects of exercise on AD induced neurodegerative and neuroinflammatory process. Neuroperotective effects of exercise on the hippocampus seem to be increasing in immediate-early gene c-Fos expression in dentate gyrus; enhancing the Wnt3 expression and inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β expression; increasing the 5-bro-mo-2'-deoxyridine-positive and doublecortin-positive cells (dentate gyrus); increasing the level of astrocytes glial fibrillary acidic protein and decrease in S100B protein, increasing in blood brain barrier integrity; prevention of oxidative stress injury, inducing morphological changes in astrocytes in the stratum radiatum of cornu ammonis 1(CA1) area; increase in cell proliferation and suppress apoptosis in dentate gyrus; increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B expressions; enhancing the glycogen levels and normalizing the monocarboxylate transporter 2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jahangiri
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9177948564, Iran
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Stem Cell Transplantation and Physical Exercise in Parkinson's Disease, a Literature Review of Human and Animal Studies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:166-176. [PMID: 29270820 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The absence of effective and satisfactory treatments that contribute to repairing the dopaminergic damage caused by Parkinson's Disease (PD) and the limited recovery capacity of the nervous system are troubling issues and the focus of many research and clinical domains. Recent advances in the treatment of PD through stem cell (SC) therapy have recognized their promising restorative and neuroprotective effects that are implicated in the potentiation of endogenous mechanisms of repair and contribute to functional locomotor improvement. Physical exercise (PE) has been considered an adjuvant intervention that by itself induces beneficial effects in patients and animal models with Parkinsonism. In this sense, the combination of both therapies could provide synergic or superior effects for motor recovery, in contrast with their individual use. This review aims to provide an update on recent progress and the potential effectiveness of SC transplantation and PE for the treatment of locomotor deficits in PD. It has reviewed the neuropathological pathways involved in the classical motor symptoms of this condition and the mechanisms of action described in experimental studies that are associated with locomotor enhancement through exercise, cellular transplantation, and their union in some neurodegenerative conditions.
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Lakin R, Guzman C, Izaddoustdar F, Polidovitch N, Goodman JM, Backx PH. Changes in Heart Rate and Its Regulation by the Autonomic Nervous System Do Not Differ Between Forced and Voluntary Exercise in Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:841. [PMID: 30061838 PMCID: PMC6055008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most exercise studies in mice have relied on forced training which can introduce psychological stress. Consequently, the utility of mouse models for understanding exercise-mediated effects in humans, particularly autonomic nervous system (ANS) remodeling, have been challenged. We compared the effects of voluntary free-wheel running vs. non-voluntary swimming on heart function in mice with a focus on the regulation of heart rate (HR) by the ANS. Under conditions where the total excess O2 consumption associated with exercise was comparable, the two exercise models led to similar improvements in ventricular function as well as comparable reductions in HR and its control by parasympathetic nervous activity (PNA) and sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), compared to sedentary mice. Both exercise models also increased HR variability (HRV) by similar amounts, independent of HR reductions. In all mice, HRV depended primarily on PNA, with SNA weakly affecting HRV at low frequencies. The differences in both HR and HRV between exercised vs. sedentary mice were eliminated by autonomic blockade, consistent with the similar intrinsic beating rates observed in atria isolated from exercised vs. sedentary mice. In conclusion, both forced and voluntary exercise induce comparable ventricular physiological remodeling as well as HR reductions and HR-independent enhancements of HRV which were both primarily dependent on increased PNA. New and noteworthy -No previous mouse studies have compared the effects of forced and voluntary exercise on the heart function and its modulation by the autonomic nervous system (ANS).-Both voluntary free-wheel running and forced swimming induced similar improvements in ventricular contractile function, reductions in heart rate (HR) and enhancements of HR variability (HRV).-HR regulation in exercised mice was linked to increased parasympathetic nerve activity and reduced sympathetic nerve activity.- HRV was independent of HR and depended primarily on PNA in both exercised and sedentary mice.- Complete cardiac autonomic blockade eliminated differences in both HR and HRV between exercised and sedentary mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lakin
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Camilo Guzman
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farzad Izaddoustdar
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nazari Polidovitch
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack M Goodman
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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