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Kim YL, Lee SH, Son GH, Shin JS, Kim MJ, Park BK. Effect of Rumen-Protected L-Tryptophan or L-Ascorbic Acid on Plasma Metabolites and Milk Production Characteristics of Lactating Holstein Cows during Summer Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1820. [PMID: 38929439 PMCID: PMC11200681 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of rumen-protected L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid supplementation on the productivity of lactating Holstein cows during a high-temperature period. Thirty cows were assigned to three dietary groups: control (CON), treatment 1 (TRT 1; rumen-protected L-tryptophan, 20 g/cow/d), and treatment 2 (TRT 2; rumen-protected L-ascorbic acid, 20 g/cow/d). As the high-temperature period progressed, the decrease in milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) in the TRT 1 and TRT 2 groups was lower than that in the CON group. The total protein level in the plasma of the TRT 1 group was higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Milk melatonin concentration was higher in the TRT 1 group than in the CON and TRT 2 groups (p < 0.05). Thus, the present results indicate that rumen-protected L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid has positive effects in preventing declines in DMI and milk yield by reducing heat stress in Holstein cows. In particular, rumen-protected L-tryptophan is considered effective in increasing the melatonin concentration in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Lae Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.K.); (S.-H.L.); (G.-H.S.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.K.); (S.-H.L.); (G.-H.S.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Gi-Hwal Son
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.K.); (S.-H.L.); (G.-H.S.); (J.-S.S.)
- Nonghyup Livestock Research Center, Anseong 17558, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suh Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.K.); (S.-H.L.); (G.-H.S.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.K.); (S.-H.L.); (G.-H.S.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Byung-Ki Park
- Department of Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (Y.-L.K.); (S.-H.L.); (G.-H.S.); (J.-S.S.)
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Bian A, Xiao F, Kong X, Ji X, Fang S, He J, Liu Q, Zhong R, Yao S, Luo Q, Wang X. Predictive modeling of antidepressant efficacy based on cognitive neuropsychological theory. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:563-573. [PMID: 38484886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to develop a clinical predictive model based on the cognitive neuropsychological (CNP) theory and machine-learning to examine SSRI efficacy in the treatment of MDD. METHODS Baseline assessments including clinical symptoms (HAMD, HAMA, BDI, and TEPS scores), negative biases (NEO-PI-R-N and NCPBQ scores), sociodemographic characteristics (social support and SES), and a 5-min eye-opening resting-state EEG were completed by 69 participants with first-episode major depressive disorder (MDD) and 36 healthy controls. The clinical symptoms and negative bias were again assessed after an 8-week treatment of depression with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). A multi-modality machine-learning model was developed to predict the effectiveness of SSRI antidepressants. RESULTS At baseline, we observed significant differences between MDD patients and healthy controls in terms of social support, clinical symptoms, and negative bias characteristics (p < 0.001). A negative association was found (p < 0.05) between neuroticism and alpha asymmetry in both the central and central-parietal areas, as well as between negative cognitive processing bias and alpha asymmetry in the parietal region. Compared to responders, non-responders exhibited less negative cognitive processing bias and greater alpha asymmetry in both central and central-parietal regions. Importantly, we developed a multi-modality machine-learning model with 83 % specificity using the above salient features. CONCLUSIONS Research results support the CNP theory of depression treatment. To some extent, the multimodal clinical model constructed based on the CNP theory effectively predicted the efficacy of this treatment in this population. LIMITATIONS Small sample and only focus on the mechanisms of delayed-onset SSRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Bian
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinyuan Kong
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinlei Ji
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shulin Fang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jiayue He
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qinyu Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Runqing Zhong
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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3
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Moncrieff J, Cooper RE, Stockmann T, Amendola S, Hengartner MP, Horowitz MA. Difficult lives explain depression better than broken brains. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02462-3. [PMID: 38374359 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moncrieff
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
- Research and Development Department, North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT), Rainham, UK.
| | - Ruth E Cooper
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simone Amendola
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Hengartner
- Department of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Horowitz
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Research and Development Department, North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT), Rainham, UK
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4
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Arvinte A, Lungoci AL, Coroaba A, Pinteala M. Electrochemical Sensor for Tryptophan Determination Based on Trimetallic-CuZnCo-Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes. Molecules 2023; 29:28. [PMID: 38202611 PMCID: PMC10779962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The superior properties of electrodeposited trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles, arising from the synergistic effect of combining the unique features of metallic components, were confirmed using voltametric measurements. The surface morphology and structure of the as-prepared electrocatalysts were determined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Here, the trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles were synthesized as a powerful redox probe and highly efficient signal amplifier for the electrochemical oxidation of tryptophan. Differential pulse voltammetry studies showed a linear relationship with a tryptophan concentration of 5-230 μM, and the low detection limit was identified at 1.1 μM with a sensitivity of 0.1831 μA μM-1 cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Arvinte
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania (A.C.); (M.P.)
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Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K. Dietary Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites-Source, Fate, and Chromatographic Determinations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16304. [PMID: 38003492 PMCID: PMC10671297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism plays an essential role in human health. In mammals, about 95% of dietary tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway, which is associated with the development of several pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Some of the kynurenine pathway metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in metabolic functions, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Thus, their origins, fates, and roles are of widespread interest. Except for being produced endogenously, these metabolites can originate from exogenous sources (e.g., food) and undergo absorption in the digestive tract. Recently, a special focus on exogenous sources of tryptophan metabolites was observed. This overview summarizes current knowledge about the occurrence of the kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in food and the analytical method utilized for their determination in different food matrices. Special attention was paid to sample preparation and chromatographic analysis, which has proven to be a core technique for the detection and quantification of kynurenines. A discussion of the fate and role of dietary kynurenines has also been addressed. This review will, hopefully, guide further studies on the impact of dietary kynurenines on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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Naeem A, Jahan N, Khan MM, Abbas G, Siddiqui F, Khalid MU, Farooqui WA. Effect of Leflunomide-Metal Complexes on ROS, TNF, and Brain Indolamines in Comparison with Anti-Depressants as Adjunct Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritic Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2214. [PMID: 37626711 PMCID: PMC10452628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leflunomide is an isoxazole immunomodulating drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is adopted as a metal-containing molecule to proceed with saturated salts of essential and detected metals; it amends the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics activity of leflunomide to provide [M(Lef)4]X2-type complexes. Earlier it has been reported that after forming complexes with metals, leflunomide anti-arthritic activity was significantly altered in an acute arthritic model. In the present study, we evaluated the possible modification in anti-arthritic activities of leflunomide-metal complexes (Mg+2, Ca+2, Fe+2, Zn+2) with and without an anti-depressant drug, i.e., fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) in a chronic AIA model. Rats (n = 5) were administered with 0.1 mL of CFA into the right hind paw while treated groups received leflunomide and its metal complexes orally (3.2 mg/kg) for 24 days. On the final day of experiment, rats were sacrificed; a specific rat immunoassay ELISA kit was used to assess TNF-α in serum samples and read at 450 nm; a tissue sample of a paw was homogenized in a phosphate buffer using DCFH-DA dye for binding to assess ROS. A rat's brain sample was homogenized and evaluated for tryptophan, serotonin (5-HT), and HIAA by RP-HPLC with EC detector. The overall TNF production was altered in treated rats. In addition, a decreased ROS was observed in all categories, except lef+Mg+2 group. Moreover, depletion in the brain indolamine levels were found in treated groups; an upraised level of these indolamines was observed when fluoxetine was added. It is concluded that metals affect leflunomide activity on complexation and simultaneous administration of fluoxetine cope up with the depression in arthritic-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almas Naeem
- Department of Pharmacology, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (F.S.); (M.U.K.)
| | - Noor Jahan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (F.S.); (M.U.K.)
| | - Moona Mehboob Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmacology, Ziauddin University, Karachi 75000, Pakistan;
| | - Faheema Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (F.S.); (M.U.K.)
| | - Muhammad Usaid Khalid
- Department of Pharmacology, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (A.N.); (F.S.); (M.U.K.)
| | - Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
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Abdel-Aal FAM, Kamel RM, Abdeltawab AA, Mohamed FA, Mohamed AMI. Polypyrrole/carbon dot nanocomposite as an electrochemical biosensor for liquid biopsy analysis of tryptophan in the human serum of normal and breast cancer women. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4985-5001. [PMID: 37401962 PMCID: PMC10386971 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy analysis represents a suitable alternative analysis procedure in several cases where no tumor tissue is available or in poor patient conditions. Amino acids can play a crucial role in aiding cancer diagnosis. Monitoring of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism can aid in tracking cancer progression. Therefore, a novel nanocomposite was fabricated using overoxidized polypyrrole film doped with nano-carbon dots (nano-CDs) on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface for sensitive evaluation of Trp in human serum. Using square wave voltammetry (SWV), the overoxidized polypyrrole/carbon dots/pencil graphite electrode (Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE) achieved excellent electrochemical catalytic activity for evaluating Trp. The modified electrode, known as Ov-Ox PPy/CDs/PGE, demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic activity compared to bare PGE, CDs/PGE, PPy/PGE, and PPy/CDs/PGE for evaluation of Trp. The method's excellent sensitivity was confirmed by the low limits of detection (LOD = 0.003 μmol L-1) and limit of quantitation (LOQ = 0.009 μmol L-1). The biosensor that was developed can measure tryptophan (Trp) levels in the serum of both healthy individuals and female breast cancer patients with high accuracy and sensitivity. The results indicate that there is a significant difference, as shown by the F-test, between healthy individuals and those with breast cancer. This suggests that Trp amino acid could be an essential biomarker for cancer diagnosis. Consequently, liquid biopsy analysis presents a valuable opportunity for early disease detection, particularly for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A M Abdel-Aal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Abdeltawab
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Fardous A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Maaboud I Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
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8
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Steding J, Ritschel F, Boehm I, Geisler D, King JA, Roessner V, Smolka MN, Zepf FD, Ehrlich S. The effects of acute tryptophan depletion on instrumental reward learning in anorexia nervosa - an fMRI study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3426-3436. [PMID: 35343412 PMCID: PMC10277771 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin (5-HT) hypothesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) posits that individuals predisposed toward or recovered from AN (recAN) have a central nervous hyperserotonergic state and therefore restrict food intake as a means to reduce 5-HT availability (via diminished tryptophan-derived precursor supply) and alleviate associated negative mood states. Importantly, the 5-HT system has also been generally implicated in reward processing, which has also been shown to be altered in AN. METHODS In this double-blind crossover study, 22 individuals recAN and 25 healthy control participants (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing an established instrumental reward learning paradigm during acute tryptophan depletion (ATD; a dietary intervention that lowers central nervous 5-HT availability) as well as a sham depletion. RESULTS On a behavioral level, the main effects of reward and ATD were evident, but no group differences were found. fMRI analyses revealed a group × ATD × reward level interaction in the ventral anterior insula during reward anticipation as well as in the medial orbitofrontal cortex during reward consumption. DISCUSSION The precise pattern of results is suggestive of a 'normalization' of reward-related neural responses during ATD in recAN compared to HC. Our results lend further evidence to the 5-HT hypothesis of AN. Decreasing central nervous 5-HT synthesis and availability during ATD and possibly also by dieting may be a means to normalize 5-HT availability and associated brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Steding
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Ritschel
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilka Boehm
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A. King
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital C. G. Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Daniel Zepf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Fricke HP, Hernandez LL. The Serotonergic System and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy and Lactation and the Implications of SSRI Use on the Maternal-Offspring Dyad. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:7. [PMID: 37086330 PMCID: PMC10122632 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactation is a physiological adaptation of the class Mammalia and is a product of over 200 million years of evolution. During lactation, the mammary gland orchestrates bone metabolism via serotonin signaling in order to provide sufficient calcium for the offspring in milk. The role of serotonin in bone remodeling was first discovered over two decades ago, and the interplay between serotonin, lactation, and bone metabolism has been explored in the years following. It is estimated that postpartum depression affects 10-15% of the population, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are often used as the first-line treatment. Studies conducted in humans, nonhuman primates, sheep, and rodents have provided evidence that there are consequences on both parent and offspring when serotonin signaling is disrupted during the peripartal period; however, the long-term consequences of disruption of serotonin signaling via SSRIs during the peripartal period on the maternal and offspring skeleton are not fully known. This review will focus on the relationship between the mammary gland, serotonin, and bone remodeling during the peripartal period and the skeletal consequences of the dysregulation of the serotonergic system in both human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah P Fricke
- Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Totani Y, Nakai J, Hatakeyama D, Dyakonova VE, Lukowiak K, Ito E. CNS serotonin content mediating food deprivation-enhanced learning is regulated by hemolymph tryptophan concentration and autophagic flux in the pond snail. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:217-227. [PMID: 35156560 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2033045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status affects cognitive function in many types of organisms. In the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, 1 day of food deprivation enhances taste aversion learning ability by decreasing the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamin; 5-HT) content in the central nervous system (CNS). On the other hand, after 5 days of food deprivation, learning ability and the CNS 5-HT concentration return to basal levels. How food deprivation leads to alterations of 5-HT levels in the CNS, however, is unknown. Here, we measured the concentration of the 5-HT precursor tryptophan in the hemolymph and CNS, and demonstrated that the CNS tryptophan concentration was higher in 5-day food-deprived snails than in non-food-deprived or 1-day food-deprived snails, whereas the hemolymph tryptophan concentration was not affected by the duration of food deprivation. This finding suggests the existence of a mediator of the CNS tryptophan concentration independent of food deprivation. To identify the mediator, we investigated autophagic flux in the CNS under different food deprivation conditions. We found that autophagic flux was significantly upregulated by inhibition of the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk)-Akt-mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) pathway in the CNS of 5-day food-deprived snails. Moreover, when autophagy was inhibited, the CNS 5-HT content was significantly downregulated in 5-day food-deprived snails. Our results suggest that the hemolymph tryptophan concentration and autophagic flux in the CNS cooperatively regulate learning ability affected by different durations of food deprivation. This mechanism may underlie the selection of behaviors appropriate for animal survival depending on the degree of nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Totani
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nakai
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Varvara E Dyakonova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ken Lukowiak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chojnacki C, Gąsiorowska A, Popławski T, Konrad P, Chojnacki M, Fila M, Blasiak J. Beneficial Effect of Increased Tryptophan Intake on Its Metabolism and Mental State of the Elderly. Nutrients 2023; 15:847. [PMID: 36839204 PMCID: PMC9961537 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The elderly often suffer from sleep disorders and depression, which contribute to mood disorders. In our previous work, we showed that elderly individuals with mood disorders had a lower intake of TRP and recommended a TRP-based dietary intervention to improve the mental state of such individuals. In this work, we assessed the impact of a TRP-rich diet on the mental state of, and TRP metabolism in, elderly individuals with mood disorders. Forty elderly individuals with depression and sleep disorders and an equal number of elderly subjects without mood disorders were enrolled in this study. TRP intake was evaluated with the nutrition calculator. Patients with mood disorders had a lower TRP intake than their normal counterparts and received a TRP-rich diet with TRP content of 25 mg per kilogram of the body per day for 12 weeks. The mental state was assessed before and after this dietary intervention with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). At those times, urinary levels of TRP and its metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), L-kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QA) were determined by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and related to creatinine level. After TRP-based dietary intervention, the score of ISI and HAM-D decreased by more than half. A correlation analysis reveals that TRP, 5-HIAA, and KYNA might have anti-depressive action, while KYN and QA-pro-depressive. The levels of TRP, 5-HIAA, and KYNA in urine of mood disorder patients increased, while the levels of KYN and QA decreased. In conclusion, dietary consumption of adequate amount of tryptophan has a beneficial effect on mental health of the elderly with mood disorders and improves metabolism of this amino acid. Therefore, a TRP-enriched diet may be considered as a component of the treatment of elderly individuals with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anita Gąsiorowska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Popławski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Konrad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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12
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Ma H, Yao S, Bai L, Bai S, Liu G. The effects of rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) on production performance and relevant hormones of dairy cows. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13831. [PMID: 36117532 PMCID: PMC9480067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized in mammals. Therefore, the dietary supply of tryptophan is critical for the health and production performance (e.g., milk) of mammals. In the present study, 36 lactating Holstein cows were used, of which 24 cows were in the rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) feeding groups with different doses at 14 g/d and 28 g/d, respectively and 12 cows were in the control group. This approach could avoid dietary tryptophan being degraded by the rumen microorganisms and improve its bioavailability for cows. The results showed that RPT increased milk protein percentage, milk protein yield, milk solid non-fat (SNF), and milk yield. In response to RPT treatment, the levels of melatonin (MT), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased in the serum of cows compared to the controls. RPT feeding improved nutrient utilization efficiency and lactation performance of dairy cows, which enhanced the quality of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sarvvl Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Davidson M, Rashidi N, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. The Role of Tryptophan Metabolites in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179968. [PMID: 36077360 PMCID: PMC9456464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar, etc., have become a global health concern, causing various detrimental influences on patients. Tryptophan is an important amino acid that plays an indisputable role in several physiological processes, including neuronal function and immunity. Tryptophan’s metabolism process in the human body occurs using different pathways, including the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. Furthermore, other biologically active components, such as serotonin, melatonin, and niacin, are by-products of Tryptophan pathways. Current evidence suggests that a functional imbalance in the synthesis of Tryptophan metabolites causes the appearance of pathophysiologic mechanisms that leads to various neuropsychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the pharmacological influences of tryptophan and its metabolites on the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, tryptophan and its metabolites quantification following the neurotransmitters precursor are highlighted. Eventually, the efficiency of various biomarkers such as inflammatory, protein, electrophysiological, genetic, and proteomic biomarkers in the diagnosis/treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders was discussed to understand the biomarker application in the detection/treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
- Correspondence:
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14
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Benoy A, Wong LW, Ather N, Sajikumar S. Serotonin facilitates late-associative plasticity via synaptic tagging/cross-tagging and capture at hippocampal CA2 synapses in male rats. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac002. [PMID: 38596711 PMCID: PMC10913837 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA) subfield, CA2, is tightly regulated. However, CA2 receives projections from several extra-hippocampal modulatory nuclei that release modulators that could serve to fine-tune plasticity at CA2 synapses. Considering that there are afferent projections from the serotonergic median raphe to hippocampal CA2, we hypothesized that the neuromodulator serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) could modulate CA2 synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that bath-application of serotonin facilitates the persistence of long-term depression (LTD) at the CA3 Schaffer collateral inputs to CA2 neurons (SC-CA2) when coupled to a weak low frequency electrical stimulation, in acute rat hippocampal slices. The observed late-LTD at SC-CA2 synapses was protein synthesis- and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent. Moreover, this late-LTD at SC-CA2 synapses paves way for the associative persistence of transient forms of LTD as well as long-term potentiation to long-lasting late forms of plasticity through synaptic tagging and cross-tagging respectively, at the entorhinal cortical synapses of CA2. We further observe that the 5-HT-mediated persistence of activity-dependent LTD at SC-CA2 synapses is blocked in the presence of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor scavenger, TrkB/Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Benoy
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Lik-Wei Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Niha Ather
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456 Singapore
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15
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Gougoulaki M, Lewis G, Nutt DJ, Peters TJ, Wiles NJ, Lewis G. Sex differences in depressive symptoms and tolerability after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants: Secondary analyses of the GENPOD trial. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:919-927. [PMID: 33637001 PMCID: PMC8358567 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120986417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in serotonergic neurotransmission could lead to sex differences in depressive symptoms and tolerability after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). AIMS We investigated whether women have greater reductions in depressive symptoms than men after treatment with an SSRI (citalopram) compared with a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (reboxetine) control, and after antidepressant treatment irrespective of class. We also investigated tolerability and the influence of menopausal status. METHODS Secondary analyses of the GENPOD (GENetic and clinical Predictors Of treatment response in Depression) trial. Six hundred and one people with depression were recruited from UK primary care and randomized to citalopram or reboxetine. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score at 6 weeks was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included BDI-II score at 12 weeks, and physical symptoms and treatment discontinuation. We calculated main effects and interaction terms using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS There was no evidence that women experienced greater reductions in depressive symptoms than men when treated with citalopram compared with reboxetine. We also found no evidence of sex differences at six or 12 weeks (irrespective of antidepressant class): men scored -0.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.23 to 1.62) BDI-II points lower than women at six weeks and -0.44 (95% CI -2.62 to 1.74) points lower at 12 weeks. There was no evidence of sex differences in physical symptoms or treatment discontinuation and no evidence for an influence of menopausal status. CONCLUSION Citalopram was not more effective in women compared with men and there was no difference in tolerability. Women and men had similar prognosis after SSRI treatment and similar prognosis regardless of antidepressant class. Findings were unaltered by menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain Science, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Tim J Peters
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola J Wiles
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK,Gemma Lewis, Division of Psychiatry, UCL, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
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16
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Chiu YC, Yang BH, Yang KC, Liu MN, Hu LY, Liou YJ, Chan LY, Chou YH. A study of tryptophan, kynurenine and serotonin transporter in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 312:111296. [PMID: 33945927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with the disharmonic functioning of the serotonin system. The serotonin system is mainly modulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT) which regulates serotonin uptake and the metabolism of its precursor, tryptophan and following kynurenine pathway. Currently, there is a lack of research examining both markers concurrently in MDD. This study evaluated the alterations and inter-relationships of both markers in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients. Thirty-three MDD patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. The SERT availability were comparable between two groups in the midbrain, thalamus, caudate, and putamen. The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio which indicates tryptophan metabolism was lower in MDD than HC with no group difference in the tryptophan or kynurenine concentration. A negative correlation between the midbrain SERT availability and kynurenine concentration in HC was found. For the subgroup of HC with high kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, the SERT availability was positively associated with the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and negatively correlated with tryptophan or kynurenine concentration. This study demonstrated the altered tryptophan metabolism and the relationship between tryptophan metabolism and the SERT availability in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients, which gave a new insight towards the future investigation of the pathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Quality Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-N Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jay Liou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Chan
- Center for Quality Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hwa Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Quality Management, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Dietary fibre intake and its associations with depressive symptoms in a prospective adolescent cohort. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:1166-1176. [PMID: 32878651 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major cause of disability in adolescents. Higher dietary fibre intake has been associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults, but there is a lack of research in adolescents. We examined the association between dietary fibre intake (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) FFQ) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory for Youth) in adolescents with prospective data from the Raine Study Gen2 14- and 17-year follow-ups (n 1260 and 653). Odds of moderate/extreme (clinically relevant) depressive symptoms by quartile of fibre intake were calculated using mixed-effects logistic regression for all participants, in a paired sample without moderate/extreme depressive symptoms at 14 years and in a sub-sample of participants with available inflammatory data at the ages of 14 and 17 years (n 718 and 547). Odds of moderate/extreme depressive symptoms were lower in the fourth (highest) quartile of overall fibre intake (OR 0·273, 95 % CI 0·09, 0·81) compared with the first (lowest) quartile, adjusting for sex, age, energy intake, adiposity, and family and lifestyle factors. However, further adjustment for dietary patterns attenuated the results. Associations of depressive symptoms with cereal or fruit and vegetable fibre intake were not significant in the final model. Adjustment for inflammation had no effect on OR. The association between a higher dietary fibre intake and lower odds of clinically relevant depressive symptoms may be more reflective of a high-fibre diet with all its accompanying nutrients than of an independent effect of fibre.
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18
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Murgia F, Gagliano A, Tanca MG, Or-Geva N, Hendren A, Carucci S, Pintor M, Cera F, Cossu F, Sotgiu S, Atzori L, Zuddas A. Metabolomic Characterization of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645267. [PMID: 34121984 PMCID: PMC8194687 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction PANS is a controversial clinical entity, consisting of a complex constellation of psychiatric symptoms, adventitious changes, and expression of various serological alterations, likely sustained by an autoimmune/inflammatory disease. Detection of novel biomarkers of PANS is highly desirable for both diagnostic and therapeutic management of affected patients. Analysis of metabolites has proven useful in detecting biomarkers for other neuroimmune-psychiatric diseases. Here, we utilize the metabolomics approach to determine whether it is possible to define a specific metabolic pattern in patients affected by PANS compared to healthy subjects. Design This observational case-control study tested consecutive patients referred for PANS between June 2019 to May 2020. A PANS diagnosis was confirmed according to the PANS working criteria (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2010). Healthy age and sex-matched subjects were recruited as controls. Methods Thirty-four outpatients referred for PANS (mean age 9.5 years; SD 2.9, 71% male) and 25 neurotypical subjects matched for age and gender, were subjected to metabolite analysis. Serum samples were obtained from each participant and were analyzed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, multivariate and univariate statistical analyses and Receiver Operator Curves (ROC) were performed. Results Separation of the samples, in line with the presence of PANS diagnosis, was observed by applying a supervised model (R2X = 0.44, R2Y = 0.54, Q2 = 0.44, p-value < 0.0001). The significantly altered variables were 2-Hydroxybutyrate, glycine, glutamine, histidine, tryptophan. Pathway analysis indicated that phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan metabolism, as well as glutamine and glutamate metabolism, exhibited the largest deviations from neurotypical controls. Conclusion We found a unique plasma metabolic profile in PANS patients, significantly differing from that of healthy children, that suggests the involvement of specific patterns of neurotransmission (tryptophan, glycine, histamine/histidine) as well as a more general state of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (glutamine, 2-Hydroxybutyrate, and tryptophan-kynurenine pathway) in the disorder. This metabolomics study offers new insights into biological mechanisms underpinning the disorder and supports research of other potential biomarkers implicated in PANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Murgia
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Gagliano
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello G Tanca
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Noga Or-Geva
- Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Aran Hendren
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Carucci
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Manuela Pintor
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Cera
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fausto Cossu
- Paediatric Clinic, "A. Cao" Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Sotgiu
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zuddas
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, "A. Cao" Peditric Hosptal, "G. Brotzu" Hospital Trust, Cagliari, Italy
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19
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Kalra SS, Jaber J, Alzghoul BN, Hyde R, Parikh S, Urbine D, Reddy R. Pre-Existing Psychiatric Illness Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Delirium in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 37:647-654. [PMID: 34041934 DOI: 10.1177/08850666211019009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are highly susceptible to developing delirium for a multitude of reasons. Previous studies have linked pre-existing depression with an increased risk of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. However, the evidence regarding the association between pre-existing psychiatric illnesses and delirium in ARDS patients is unknown. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between pre-existing psychiatric illness and the risk of development of delirium amongst ARDS patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a retrospective study of a mixed group of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2016 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of ARDS per the Berlin definition. The study group was divided into 2 cohorts: subjects with delirium and subjects without delirium. Comparison between the 2 groups was conducted to examine the impact of pre-existing psychiatric illnesses including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for benzodiazepine use, sedatives, analgesics, sequential organ failure assessment score, and corticosteroid use to determine the association between pre-existing psychiatric disorders and delirium. RESULTS 286 patients with ARDS were identified; 124 (43%) of whom were diagnosed with ICU delirium. In patients diagnosed with ICU delirium, 49.2% were found to have preexisting psychiatric illnesses, compared to 34.0% without any preexisting psychiatric illness (OR = 1.94, P = 0.01). In a subgroup analysis of individual psychiatric illnesses, GAD and MDD were associated with the development of delirium (OR = 1.88, P = 0.04 and OR = 1.76, P = 0.05 respectively). INTERPRETATION ARDS patients with preexisting psychiatric illnesses, particularly GAD and MDD are associated with an increased risk of developing ICU delirium. Clinicians should be aware of the effect of psychiatric co-morbidities on developing delirium in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saminder Singh Kalra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Johnny Jaber
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bashar N Alzghoul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Hyde
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarina Parikh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Urbine
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raju Reddy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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20
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Choi WT, Ghassemi Nejad J, Moon JO, Lee HG. Dietary supplementation of acetate-conjugated tryptophan alters feed intake, milk yield and composition, blood profile, physiological variables, and heat shock protein gene expression in heat-stressed dairy cows. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102949. [PMID: 34016366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) at four levels on milk yield, milk composition, blood profile, physiological variables, and heat shock protein gene expression in dairy cows under conditions of moderate-severe heat stress (MSHS, THI = 80~89). Sixteen early-lactating dairy cows (body weight = 719 ± 66.4 kg, days in milk = 74.3 ± 7.1, milk yield = 33.55 ± 3.74 kg, means ± SEM) were randomly assigned in a factorial arrangement to one of the four treatments: control group (n = 4, no RPT supplementation), 15 g/d RPT (n = 4), 30 g/d RPT (n = 4), or 60 g/d RPT group per cow (n = 4) supplemented to the TMR. A higher dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were found in the 30 g RPT group compared with the other groups, and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, milk fat, protein, β-casein, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid contents, and serum glucose content were observed in the 30 g RPT group (p < 0.05). The milk lactose concentration was significantly higher in the 30 g RPT group compared with the control and 60 g RPT groups (p < 0.05). The plasma cortisol level was lower, while the serotonin and melatonin concentrations were higher in the 30 g group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression was downregulated in the control and 15 g RPT groups, whereas the expression of HSP90 and HSPB1 remained unchanged among the groups. In particular, the 30 g RPT group was considered to have an improved DMI, milk yield, and lactose concentration, as well as anti-heat stress effects due to the simulation of serotonin and melatonin during MSHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ok Moon
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Serotonin deficiency induced after brain maturation rescues consequences of early life adversity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5368. [PMID: 33686115 PMCID: PMC7940624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain serotonin (5-HT) system dysfunction is implicated in depressive disorders and acute depletion of 5-HT precursor tryptophan has frequently been used to model the influence of 5-HT deficiency on emotion regulation. Tamoxifen (TAM)-induced Cre/loxP-mediated inactivation of the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene (Tph2) was used to investigate the effects of provoked 5-HT deficiency in adult mice (Tph2 icKO) previously subjected to maternal separation (MS). The efficiency of Tph2 inactivation was validated by immunohistochemistry and HPLC. The impact of Tph2 icKO in interaction with MS stress (Tph2 icKO × MS) on physiological parameters, emotional behavior and expression of 5-HT system-related marker genes were assessed. Tph2 icKO mice displayed a significant reduction in 5-HT immunoreactive cells and 5-HT concentrations in the rostral raphe region within four weeks following TAM treatment. Tph2 icKO and MS differentially affected food and water intake, locomotor activity as well as panic-like escape behavior. Tph2 icKO prevented the adverse effects of MS stress and altered the expression of the genes previously linked to stress and emotionality. In conclusion, an experimental model was established to study the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of 5-HT deficiency in adulthood in interaction with early-life adversity potentially affecting brain development and the pathogenesis of depressive disorders.
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22
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Jiang YF, Liu J, Yang J, Guo Y, Hu W, Zhang J, La XM, Xie W, Wang HS, Zhang L. Involvement of the Dorsal Hippocampus 5-HT1A Receptors in the Regulation of Depressive-Like Behaviors in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:198-207. [PMID: 31940619 DOI: 10.1159/000505212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its pathophysiology is not definite. Lines of evidence have indicated that the hippocampus and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors are related to the regulation of depression. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) on PD-related depression in rats. METHODS Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) was used to establish the hemiparkinsonian rat model. The effects of intra-dHIP injection of the 5-HT1A receptor -agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) or antagonist WAY-100635 on depressive-like behaviors were observed in sucrose preference and forced swim tests in control and lesioned rats. Monoamine levels including dopamine (DA), 5-HT, and noradrenaline (NA) in depression-related brain regions were determined by a neurochemical method in all groups. RESULTS Behavioral results showed that MFB lesions induced depressive-like behaviors. Intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT produced antidepressant effects, while WAY-100635 induced or increased the depressive-like behaviors in both control and the lesioned rats. Neurochemical results found that intra-dHIP injection of 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased DA and 5-HT levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral habenula (LHb), ventral hippocampus and amygdala in the lesioned group and decreased NA levels in the mPFC and LHb in the control group. Moreover, after injection of WAY-100635, NA levels in all these regions of the lesioned group were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors regulate depression and PD-related depression by neurochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Mei La
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China,
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23
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Reuter M, Felten A, Zamoscik V, Bravo R, Ugartemendia L, Kirsch P, Rodriguez AB, Plieger T. Genetic and epigenetic serotonergic markers predict the ability to recognize mental states. Physiol Behav 2020; 227:113143. [PMID: 32822711 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic (5-HT) system is related to affective and cognitive processes and explains behavioral variability in the normal and psychopathological range. For this reason, the hypothesis was put forward that genetic and epigenetic markers related to 5-HT metabolism predict individual differences in social cognitive functioning. Social cognitions are complex mental processes necessary for perceiving, interpreting and reacting to the behaviors of others. In order to test this hypothesis one of the most prominent theory of mind tasks, the reading the mind in the eye test (RMET), was administered to N = 435 participants and measures of performance were related to the functional MAO-A VNTR polymorphism (relevant for 5-HT catabolism) and to epigenetic markers in the promoter of the TPH-2 gene (relevant for 5-HT synthesis). It was postulated that genetic and epigenetic markers of high 5-HT activity are positively related to RMET performance. Results show that the MAO-A high activity allele, together with the degree of methylation at a promoter CpG site on the TPH-2 gene explain significant proportions of variance in the RMET performance even after controlling for age and sex effects. Present findings yield evidence for the importance of 5-HT for social cognition. Based on additional findings, the role of a TRP-rich diet for theory of mind functions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reuter
- University of Bonn, Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Germany.
| | - Andrea Felten
- University of Bonn, Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Germany
| | - Vera Zamoscik
- University of Bonn, Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology. Central Institute of Mental Health. Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University. Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rafael Bravo
- Chrononutrition Laboratory. Neuroimmunephysiology & Chrononutrition Research Group. Faculty of Science. University of Extremadura. Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lierni Ugartemendia
- Chrononutrition Laboratory. Neuroimmunephysiology & Chrononutrition Research Group. Faculty of Science. University of Extremadura. Badajoz, Spain
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology. Central Institute of Mental Health. Medical Faculty Mannheim. Heidelberg University. Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ana B Rodriguez
- Chrononutrition Laboratory. Neuroimmunephysiology & Chrononutrition Research Group. Faculty of Science. University of Extremadura. Badajoz, Spain
| | - Thomas Plieger
- University of Bonn, Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Germany
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24
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Swann OG, Kilpatrick M, Breslin M, Oddy WH. Dietary fiber and its associations with depression and inflammation. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:394-411. [PMID: 31750916 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a crucial component of a healthy diet, with benefits that can be attributed to processes in the gut microbiota and the resulting by-products. Observational studies support associations between dietary fiber intake and depression and inflammation, but the potential mechanisms are poorly understood. This review examines evidence of the effects of dietary fiber on depression and inflammation and considers plausible mechanisms linking dietary fiber and depression, including microbiota-driven modification of gene expression and increased production of neurotransmitters. Additionally, inflammation may mediate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and depression. A high-fiber diet potentially lowers inflammation by modifying both the pH and the permeability of the gut. The resultant reduction in inflammatory compounds may alter neurotransmitter concentrations to reduce symptoms of depression. Further research into the link between dietary fiber intake and inflammation and depression is essential, as findings could potentially provide guidance for improvement in or prevention of inflammatory and depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Swann
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michelle Kilpatrick
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Monique Breslin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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25
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Benko J, Vranková S. Natural Psychoplastogens As Antidepressant Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:E1172. [PMID: 32150976 PMCID: PMC7179157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing prevalence and burden of major depressive disorder presents an unavoidable problem for psychiatry. Existing antidepressants exert their effect only after several weeks of continuous treatment. In addition, their serious side effects and ineffectiveness in one-third of patients call for urgent action. Recent advances have given rise to the concept of psychoplastogens. These compounds are capable of fast structural and functional rearrangement of neural networks by targeting mechanisms previously implicated in the development of depression. Furthermore, evidence shows that they exert a potent acute and long-term positive effects, reaching beyond the treatment of psychiatric diseases. Several of them are naturally occurring compounds, such as psilocybin, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Their pharmacology and effects in animal and human studies were discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Benko
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislava Vranková
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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26
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Post A, Huberts M, Poppe E, van Faassen M, P. Kema I, Vogels S, M. Geleijnse J, Westerhuis R, J. R. Ipema K, J. L. Bakker S, F. M. Franssen C. Tryptophan Intake and Tryptophan Losses in Hemodialysis Patients: A Balance Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122851. [PMID: 31766383 PMCID: PMC6950375 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan depletion is common in hemodialysis patients. The cause of this depletion remains largely unknown, but reduced nutritional tryptophan intake, losses during dialysis or an increased catabolism due to an inflammatory state are likely contributors. Currently, little is known about tryptophan homeostasis in hemodialysis patients. We assessed dietary tryptophan intake, measured plasma tryptophan during dialysis, and measured the combined urinary and dialysate excretion of tryptophan in 40 hemodialysis patients (66 ± 15 years and 68% male). Patients had low tryptophan concentrations (27 ± 9 µmol/L) before dialysis. Mean dietary tryptophan intake was 4454 ± 1149 µmol/24 h. Mean urinary tryptophan excretion was 15.0 ± 12.3 μmol/24 h, dialysate excretion was 209 ± 67 μmol/24 h and combined excretion was 219 ± 66 µmol/24 h, indicating only 5% of dietary tryptophan intake was excreted. No associations were found between plasma tryptophan concentration and tryptophan intake, plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio or inflammatory markers. During dialysis, mean plasma tryptophan concentration increased 16% to 31 ± 8 µmol/L. Intradialytic increase in plasma tryptophan was associated with a lower risk of mortality, independent of age, sex and dialysis vintage (HR: 0.87 [0.76–0.99]; P = 0.04). Tryptophan intake was well above the dietary recommendations and, although tryptophan was removed during dialysis, mean plasma tryptophan increased during dialysis. The cause of this phenomenon is unknown, but it appears to be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (E.P.); (K.J.R.I.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-649-653-442
| | - Marleen Huberts
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (E.P.); (K.J.R.I.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Enya Poppe
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (E.P.); (K.J.R.I.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.v.F.); (I.P.K.)
| | - Ido P. Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.v.F.); (I.P.K.)
| | - Steffie Vogels
- Dialysis Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.V.); (R.W.)
| | - Johanna M. Geleijnse
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ralf Westerhuis
- Dialysis Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.V.); (R.W.)
| | - Karin J. R. Ipema
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (E.P.); (K.J.R.I.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (E.P.); (K.J.R.I.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (E.P.); (K.J.R.I.); (S.J.L.B.); (C.F.M.F.)
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27
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How acute and chronic physical disease may influence mental health - An Analysis of neurotransmitter precursor amino acid levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:95-101. [PMID: 30959235 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with somatic diseases are more likely to develop depression than physically healthy individuals, and comorbid depression has been shown to incrementally worsen patients´ health. Physical conditions are known to influence neurotransmitter precursor amino acids, changes in which are associated with depressive symptoms. In this prospective study we investigated neurotransmitter precursor amino acids levels in patients with acute and chronic physical disease and evaluated their association with depressive symptoms. 177 subjects with and without chronic medical comorbidity (factor: chronic physical disease) admitted to the trauma and orthopaedic surgery ward for a surgical intervention (factor: acute physical disease) were included in the analysis. Chronic medical comorbidity was scored using Charlson Index and depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, factor: mental health). The effect of covariates was also evaluated. C-reactive protein (CRP), neopterin, kynurenine/tryptophan (KYN/TRP) and phenylalanine/tyrosine (PHE/TYR) were analysed by HPLC or ELISA prior to surgery and at discharge. Mixed Model as well as correlation analyses were performed. CRP and neopterin levels were influenced by the factors "acute physical disease" (both p < 0.001) and "chronic physical disease" (p = 0.024, p = 0.001 respectively). PHE/TYR, an index of the catecholamine pathway) was related to the factors "acute physical disease" (p < 0.001) and "mental health-depression" (p = 0.012), while KYN/TRP (an index of the kynurenine pathway affecting also serotonin) was associated with "chronic physical disease" (p = 0.005). No significant effect of "mental health-anxiety" was found. The effect of "mental health-depression" on PHE/TYR was more pronounced in females (gender p = 0.003). Differences in HADS depression values correlated with changes in PHE/TYR and both correlated with CRP values. In conclusion, inflammatory reactions related to acute or chronic physical conditions can influence the availability of neurotransmitter precursor amino acids l and these changes are associated with mental health.
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28
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Sugg MM, Dixon PG, Runkle JD. Crisis support-seeking behavior and temperature in the United States: Is there an association in young adults and adolescents? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:400-411. [PMID: 30884264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence demonstrates the relationship between high temperatures and adverse mental health outcomes. Yet, no study has examined the influence of temperature on crisis support-seeking behavior among youth in large urban areas. METHODS Crisis Text Line (CTL) is a text messaging service that provides crisis interventions for support-seeking individuals for a range of mental-health outcomes in the United States. We applied a distributed lag non-linear modeling technique to assess the short-term impacts of daily maximum and minimum temperature on crisis-related events in four metropolitan locations in the USA. RESULTS There were multiple positive associations in three of the four study locations that demonstrate crisis help-seeking behavior increased during anomalously warm conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there is a significant association between high minimum or maximum temperatures and crisis help-seeking behaviors in young adults and adolescents in urban areas in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Sugg
- Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, P.O. Box 32066, Boone, NC 28608, United States of America.
| | - P Grady Dixon
- Werth College of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, Fort Hays State University, 600 Park Street, Hays, KS 67601-4099, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer D Runkle
- North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies, North Carolina State University, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC 28801, United States of America,.
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29
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Lin SH, Lee IH, Tsai HC, Chi MH, Chang WH, Chen PS, Chen KC, Yang YK. The association between plasma cholesterol and the effect of tryptophan depletion on heart rate variability. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:440-445. [PMID: 30972948 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the cholesterol-serotonin hypothesis and its link to mood disorders are scarce. In addition, little is known about the association between cholesterol and the effects of tryptophan depletion (TD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between plasma cholesterol and changes in heart rate variability (HRV), an important marker of depression and anxiety, after TD. The plasma cholesterol levels of 28 healthy participants were noted, and their HRVs were measured by spectrum analysis. TD was carried out on testing day, and participants provided blood samples just before and 5 hours for tryptophan level after TD. HRV was measured again after TD. An association was found between plasma cholesterol levels and the change in HRV. Decreased high frequency HRV was marginally associated with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while increased low frequency HRV was significantly associated with lower levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Our findings indicate that low cholesterol levels may play parts of role in the mechanism of the deactivation of parasympathetic, and activation of sympathetic, functions induced by altered serotonergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chun Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Mei Hung Chi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
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30
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Suga H, Asakura K, Kobayashi S, Nojima M, Sasaki S. Association between habitual tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms in young and middle-aged women. J Affect Disord 2018; 231:44-50. [PMID: 29438897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, is assumed to affect serotonin availability and depression onset. Nevertheless, a definitive relationship between dietary tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms has not been established. We examined the association between tryptophan intake and depressive symptoms screened in a group of 4272 first-year female dietetic students and 3651 their mothers. METHODS Dietary tryptophan intake during the preceding month was assessed with a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) using two cutoff scores: CES-D score ≥ 16 and CES-D score ≥ 19 (the optimal cutoff score for Japanese people). The multivariate adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depressive symptoms were calculated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥ 16) was 50.0% for young women and 26.5% for middle-aged women. The adjusted PR (95% CI) for depressive symptoms in the highest versus lowest quintile of tryptophan intake was 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) in young women (P for trend < 0.0001) and 0.83 (0.64, 1.01) in middle-aged women (P for trend < 0.0001). These associations were stable even when depressive symptoms were defined as a CES-D score ≥ 19. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study showed that a higher tryptophan intake was independently associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms in young Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Suga
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, The Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Enko D, Wagner H, Kriegshäuser G, Brandmayr W, Halwachs-Baumann G, Schnedl WJ, Zelzer S, Mangge H, Meinitzer A. Assessment of tryptophan metabolism and signs of depression in individuals with carbohydrate malabsorption. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:595-599. [PMID: 28965810 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the potential association between primary-adult lactose malabsorption, fructose malabsorption, tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and the presence of depressive signs. Overall 251 patients, who were referred for lactase gene C/T-13910 polymorphism genotyping and fructose hydrogen/methane breath testing, were included. All participants filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II). Serum concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynuric acid (KYNA), and TRP competing amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine) were measured by high-pressure liquid-chromatography. Logistic regression analysis was performed with lactose malabsorption, fructose malabsorption and all potential biomarkers of TRP metabolism to assess the effect on signs of depression, defined as a BDI II score > 13. Primary-adult lactose malabsorption and fructose malabsorption was detected in 65 (25.90%) and 65 (25.90%) patients, respectively. Fructose malabsorption was significantly associated with BDI II score, whereas no such relationship was found for lactose malabsorption. Serum levels of TRP and TRP metabolites were no predictors of depression. The authors suggest to conduct further prospective longitudinal studies in order to get further insight of associations between carbohydrate malabsorption, biomarkers and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Enko
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Steyr, Steyr, Austria; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Helga Wagner
- Department of Applied Statistics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
| | - Gernot Kriegshäuser
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital Steyr, Steyr, Austria; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Brandmayr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, General Hospital Steyr, Steyr, Austria.
| | | | | | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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32
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Ghorani B, Goswami P, Blackburn RS, Russell SJ. Enrichment of cellulose acetate nanofibre assemblies for therapeutic delivery of l-tryptophan. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Salehi-Abargouei A, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L, Keshteli AH, Afshar H, Feizi A, Feinle-Bisset C, Adibi P. Do patterns of nutrient intake predict self-reported anxiety, depression and psychological distress in adults? SEPAHAN study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:940-947. [PMID: 29503058 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite the growing evidence about dietary patterns, this study aimed at the association between patterns of nutrients intake and psychological disorders. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, diet and psychological factors including anxiety, depression, and general health (GHQ) were assessed through self-administered questionnaires in 3846 Iranian adults. Daily intakes of 57 nutrients and bioactive compounds were calculated. Nutrient patterns (NPs) were derived using factor analysis. RESULTS Three NPs were identified: 1) high in individual amino acids, cobalamin, zinc, phosphorus, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and pantothenic acid named as "omnivore"; 2) high in thiamin, folate, selenium, iron, starch, maltose, betaine, calcium, riboflavin, and niacin; named as "grains and dairy". Mono-unsaturated fats, vitamin E and polyunsaturated fats were inversely associated with this pattern; 3) "fruits and vegetables" NP high in copper, vitamin C, glucose, fructose, potassium, dietary fiber, sucrose, vitamin A, magnesium and vitamin K. After adjustment for confounders, men in the top tertile of the omnivore NP had lower anxiety score than those in the bottom tertile (P = 0.04). Men in the highest tertile of the first NP were less likely to be depressed (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.26-0.96; P-trend = 0.04). Women in the highest tertile of this pattern had lower GHQ scores than those in the bottom tertile (P = 0.01) and had lower odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.57-0.99, P-trend = 0.0.04). CONCLUSIONS An "omnivore" like diet high in amino acids, cobalamin, zinc, phosphorus, saturated fat, cholesterol and pantothenic acid is associated with reduced psychological disorders. Prospective studies are recommended to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular, Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular, Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Afshar
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mukherjee D, Krishnamurthy VB, Millett CE, Reider A, Can A, Groer M, Fuchs D, Postolache TT, Saunders EF. Total sleep time and kynurenine metabolism associated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:27-34. [PMID: 28833866 PMCID: PMC5807208 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic, low-level inflammation is associated with symptomatic bipolar disorder (BD) and with chronic insomnia. Disrupted sleep is a feature of episodes of both mania and depression. We examined the effect of neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activation, and kynurenine (KYN), an inflammatory byproduct of the serotonin pathway, on the association between total sleep time and depression severity in BD. METHOD Twenty-one symptomatic BD participants and 28 healthy controls (HC) were recruited and followed during usual clinical care. At baseline and after symptomatic recovery, total sleep time was objectively measured with actigraphy for 1 week and blood plasma was collected to measure the serotonin precursor tryptophan (TRP), KYN, the KYN/TRP ratio, and neopterin levels. Statistical analyses were conducted using chi-square, independent t tests and hierarchical linear multiple regression models. RESULTS Total sleep time was correlated positively with depressive severity and negatively with manic severity. TRP was significantly reduced in BD participants compared to HC. KYN, TRP, and the KYN/TRP ratio were associated with depressive severity when total sleep time and body mass index (BMI) were included in the model. The KYN/TRP ratio trended towards a negative association with mania symptoms, controlling for BMI and total sleep time, in acutely symptomatic BD participants. Neopterin was not associated with sleep or mood severity. After usual clinical care, BD participants showed significantly decreased clinical symptoms but no significant differences in sleep phenotype or biomarkers. CONCLUSION Inflammation, sleep, and mood are closely intertwined. Future research into the effect of inflammation on sleep in BD may lead to clinical markers of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Venkatesh Bassapa Krishnamurthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Caitlin E. Millett
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Aubrey Reider
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Adem Can
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen Groer
- University of South Florida, School of Nursing, Tampa FL
| | | | - Teodor T Postolache
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Rocky Mountain MIRECC (Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center), Denver, Co,The Military and Veteran Microbiome, Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-Core), Denver, Colorado
| | - Erika F.H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Kim YK, Jeon SW. Neuroinflammation and the Immune-Kynurenine Pathway in Anxiety Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:574-582. [PMID: 28901278 PMCID: PMC5997870 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170913110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, neuroinflammation and the immune-kynurenine pathway have received increased attention in the psychoimmunology field of major depressive disorder (MDD), while studies related to anxiety disorders have been very limited. OBJECTIVE This study reviewed possible mechanisms by which stress or inflammation modulate anxiety through tryptophan metabolism and the kynurenine pathway. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE via PubMed. RESULTS Accumulating evidence has indicated the modulatory effects of the immune-kynurenine pathway on anxiety. The tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) in the kynurenine pathway imbalanced by stress or inflammation induce serotonin and melatonin deficiency, making anxiety reactions more sensitive. In addition, TRYCATs cause or sustain anxiety by acting as endogenous anxiogens or anxiolytics, an NMDA agonist or antagonist, or a free radical generator. CONCLUSION We hope that our understanding of the psychoimmunological mechanisms of anxiety will be expanded and anxiety-related studies will receive greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Won Jeon
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea; Tel: +82-2-2001-2073; Fax: +82-2-2001-2211; E-mail:
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Furtado DZS, de Moura Leite FBV, Barreto CN, Faria B, Jedlicka LDL, de Jesus Silva E, da Silva HDT, Bechara EJH, Assunção NA. Profiles of amino acids and biogenic amines in the plasma of Cri-du-Chat patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dean J, Keshavan M. The neurobiology of depression: An integrated view. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 27:101-111. [PMID: 28558878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and debilitating mental disorders; however, its etiology remains unclear. This paper aims to summarize the major neurobiological underpinnings of depression, synthesizing the findings into a comprehensive integrated view. A literature review was conducted using Pubmed. Search terms included "depression" or "MDD" AND "biology", "neurobiology", "inflammation", "neurogenesis", "monoamine", and "stress". Articles from 1995 to 2016 were reviewed with a focus on the connection between different biological and psychological models. Some possible pathophysiological mechanisms of depression include altered neurotransmission, HPA axis abnormalities involved in chronic stress, inflammation, reduced neuroplasticity, and network dysfunction. All of these proposed mechanisms are integrally related and interact bidirectionally. In addition, psychological factors have been shown to have a direct effect on neurodevelopment, causing a biological predisposition to depression, while biological factors can lead to psychological pathology as well. The authors suggest that while it is possible that there are several different endophenotypes of depression with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, it may be helpful to think of depression as one united syndrome, in which these mechanisms interact as nodes in a matrix. Depressive disorders are considered in the context of the RDoC paradigm, identifying the pathological mechanisms at every translational level, with a focus on how these mechanisms interact. Finally, future directions of research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dean
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Rd., Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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Barrett FS, Workman CI, Sair HI, Savonenko AV, Kraut MA, Sodums DJ, Joo JJ, Nassery N, Marano CM, Munro CA, Brandt J, Zhou Y, Wong DF, Smith GS. Association between serotonin denervation and resting-state functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:3391-3401. [PMID: 28379618 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity alterations have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before the observation of AD neuropathology, but mechanisms driving these changes are not well understood. Serotonin neurodegeneration has been observed in MCI and AD and is associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the role of the serotonin system in relation to brain network dysfunction has not been a major focus of investigation. The current study investigated the relationship between serotonin transporter availability (SERT; measured using positron emission tomography) and brain network functional connectivity (measured using resting-state functional MRI) in 20 participants with MCI and 21 healthy controls. Two SERT regions of interest were selected for the analysis: the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei (DRN) and the precuneus which represent the cell bodies of origin and a cortical target of projections of the serotonin system, respectively. Both regions show decreased SERT in MCI compared to controls and are the site of early AD pathology. Average resting-state functional connectivity did not differ between MCI and controls. Decreased SERT in DRN was associated with lower hippocampal resting-state connectivity in MCI participants compared to controls. Decreased SERT in the right precuneus was also associated with lower resting-state connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex to the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and higher resting-state connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex to the posterior cingulate and in patients with MCI but not in controls. These results suggest that a serotonergic mechanism may underlie changes in brain functional connectivity in MCI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3391-3401, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clifford I Workman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haris I Sair
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alena V Savonenko
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Devin J Sodums
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jin J Joo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Najlla Nassery
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher M Marano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cynthia A Munro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Section of High Resolution Brain PET Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gwenn S Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Preliminary evaluation on the effectiveness of varying doses of supplemental tryptophan as a calmative in horses. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abdelkarim AT, El-Sherif AA. Potentiometric, Thermodynamics and Coordination Properties for Binary and Mixed Ligand Complexes of Copper(II) with Imidazole-4-acetic Acid and Tryptophan or Phenylalanine Aromatic Amino Acids. J SOLUTION CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-016-0464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cocchi M, Sardi L, Tonello L, Martelli G. Do mood disorders play a role in pig welfare? ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sánchez CL, Van Swearingen AED, Arrant AE, Biskup CS, Kuhn CM, Zepf FD. Simplified dietary acute tryptophan depletion: effects of a novel amino acid mixture on the neurochemistry of C57BL/6J mice. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:27424. [PMID: 26278978 PMCID: PMC4538305 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.27424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and nutrition can impact on the biological processes underpinning neuropsychiatric disorders. Amino acid (AA) mixtures lacking a specific neurotransmitter precursor can change the levels of brain serotonin (5-HT) or dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system. The availability of these substances within the brain is determined by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that restricts the access of peripheral AA into the brain. AA mixtures lacking tryptophan (TRP) compete with endogenous TRP for uptake into the brain across the BBB, which in turn leads to a decrease in central nervous 5-HT synthesis. OBJECTIVE The present study compared the effects of a simplified acute tryptophan depletion (SATD) mixture in mice on blood and brain serotonergic and dopaminergic metabolites to those of a commonly used acute tryptophan depletion mixture (ATD Moja-De) and its TRP-balanced control (BAL). DESIGN The SATD formula is composed of only three large neutral AAs: phenylalanine (PHE), leucine (LEU), and isoleucine (ILE). BAL, ATD Moja-De, or SATD formulas were delivered to adult male C57BL/6J mice by gavage. TRP, monoamines, and their metabolites were quantified in blood and brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, amygdala, caudate putamen, and nucleus accumbens). RESULTS Both ATD Moja-De and SATD significantly decreased levels of serum and brain TRP, as well as brain 5-HIAA and 5-HT compared with BAL. SATD reduced HVA levels in caudate but did not alter total DA levels or DOPAC. SATD decreased TRP and serotonergic metabolites comparably to ATD Moja-De administration. CONCLUSION A simplified and more palatable combination of AAs can manipulate serotonergic function and might be useful to reveal underlying monoamine-related mechanisms contributing to different neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L Sánchez
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JARA Brain, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Andrew E Arrant
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Caroline S Biskup
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JARA Brain, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cynthia M Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florian D Zepf
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, JARA Brain, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Paediatrics and Child Health & School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAHMS), Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia;
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Lifestyle Behaviours Add to the Armoury of Treatment Options for Panic Disorder: An Evidence-Based Reasoning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:7017-43. [PMID: 26095868 PMCID: PMC4483746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120607017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an evidence-based reasoning, focusing on evidence of an Occupational Therapy input to lifestyle behaviour influences on panic disorder that also provides potentially broader application across other mental health problems (MHP). The article begins from the premise that we are all different. It then follows through a sequence of questions, examining incrementally how MHPs are experienced and classified. It analyses the impact of individual sensitivity at different levels of analysis, from genetic and epigenetic individuality, through neurotransmitter and body system sensitivity. Examples are given demonstrating the evidence base behind the logical sequence of investigation. The paper considers the evidence of how everyday routine lifestyle behaviour impacts on occupational function at all levels, and how these behaviours link to individual sensitivity to influence the level of exposure required to elicit symptomatic responses. Occupational Therapists can help patients by adequately assessing individual sensitivity, and through promoting understanding and a sense of control over their own symptoms. It concludes that present clinical guidelines should be expanded to incorporate knowledge of individual sensitivities to environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviours at an early stage.
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The brain acid–base homeostasis and serotonin: A perspective on the use of carbon dioxide as human and rodent experimental model of panic. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 129:58-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Raheja UK, Fuchs D, Giegling I, Brenner LA, Rovner SF, Mohyuddin I, Weghuber D, Mangge H, Rujescu D, Postolache TT. In psychiatrically healthy individuals, overweight women but not men have lower tryptophan levels. Pteridines 2015; 26:79-84. [PMID: 26251562 DOI: 10.1515/pterid-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in tryptophan (TRP) breakdown in obese individuals have been previously reported. This could be both contributory to, as well as a consequence of, gender differences in mood changes among obese people. To exclude the potential effect of depression on TRP breakdown and its levels in obesity, we replicated analyses in psychiatrically healthy individuals. In 1000 participants, plasma kynurenine (KYN), TRP, and the KYN/TRP ratio were compared between overweight/obese and normal-weight individuals using analysis of covariance, with adjustment for age and gender. Bivariate post hoc tests were also conducted. There were no significant relationships between KYN, TRP, or the KYN/TRP ratio and overall overweight/obese status. However, a significant gender by weight category interaction was identified for TRP only, with overweight/obese women having lower TRP than overweight/obese men (p = 0.02). No gender differences in TRP were found in non-obese participants. Our study in psychiatrically healthy individuals suggested that lower TRP levels in obese women were not secondary to depression, strengthening the possibility that TRP levels could mediate depression in vulnerable women. Thus experimental manipulations of TRP levels could be used to advance theoretical knowledge, prevention, and clinical control of depression in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam K Raheja
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; and Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver, CO, USA; and Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sergio F Rovner
- Department of Family Medicine, Texas Tech University, El Paso, TX, USA; and Frontier Medical Group, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Iqra Mohyuddin
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-Associated Risk Biomarkers, Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Zhang WQ, Smolik CM, Barba-Escobedo PA, Gamez M, Sanchez JJ, Javors MA, Daws LC, Gould GG. Acute dietary tryptophan manipulation differentially alters social behavior, brain serotonin and plasma corticosterone in three inbred mouse strains. Neuropharmacology 2015; 90:1-8. [PMID: 25445490 PMCID: PMC4276517 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence indicates brain serotonin (5-HT) stores and neurotransmission may be inadequate in subpopulations of individuals with autism, and this may contribute to characteristically impaired social behaviors. Findings that depletion of the 5-HT precursor tryptophan (TRP) worsens autism symptoms support this hypothesis. Yet dietetic studies show and parents report that many children with autism consume less TRP than peers. To measure the impact of dietary TRP content on social behavior, we administered either diets devoid of TRP, with standard TRP (0.2 g%), or with 1% added TRP (1.2 g%) overnight to three mouse strains. Of these, BTBRT(+)Itpr3(tf)/J and 129S1/SvImJ consistently exhibit low preference for social interaction relative to C57BL/6. We found that TRP depletion reduced C57BL/6 and 129S social interaction preference, while TRP enhancement improved BTBR sociability (p < 0.05; N = 8-10). Subsequent marble burying did not differ among diets or strains. After behavior tests, brain TRP levels and plasma corticosterone were higher in TRP enhanced C57BL/6 and BTBR, while 5-HT levels were reduced in all strains by TRP depletion (p < 0.05; N = 4-10). Relative hyperactivity of BTBR and hypoactivity of 129S, evident in self-grooming and chamber entries during sociability tests, were uninfluenced by dietary TRP. Our findings demonstrate mouse sociability and brain 5-HT turnover are reduced by acute TRP depletion, and can be enhanced by TRP supplementation. This outcome warrants further basic and clinical studies employing biomarker combinations such as TRP metabolism and 5-HT regulated hormones to characterize conditions wherein TRP supplementation may best ameliorate sociability deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynne Q Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Corey M Smolik
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Priscilla A Barba-Escobedo
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Texas A&M University at San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Monica Gamez
- Texas A&M University at San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
| | - Jesus J Sanchez
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Martin A Javors
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Georgianna G Gould
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Kubesova A, Tejkalova H, Syslova K, Kacer P, Vondrousova J, Tyls F, Fujakova M, Palenicek T, Horacek J. Biochemical, histopathological and morphological profiling of a rat model of early immune stimulation: relation to psychopathology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115439. [PMID: 25602957 PMCID: PMC4300081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal immune challenge leads to neurodevelopmental dysfunction, permanent immune dysregulation and abnormal behaviour, which have been shown to have translational validity to findings in human neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders, autism, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease). The aim of this animal study was to elucidate the influence of early immune stimulation triggered by systemic postnatal lipopolysaccharide administration on biochemical, histopathological and morphological measures, which may be relevant to the neurobiology of human psychopathology. In the present study of adult male Wistar rats we examined the brain and plasma levels of monoamines (dopamine, serotonin), their metabolites, the levels of the main excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid and the levels of tryptophan and its metabolites from the kynurenine catabolic pathway. Further, we focused on histopathological and morphological markers related to pathogenesis of brain diseases - glial cell activation, neurodegeneration, hippocampal volume reduction and dopaminergic synthesis in the substantia nigra. Our results show that early immune stimulation in adult animals alters the levels of neurotransmitters and their metabolites, activates the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism and leads to astrogliosis, hippocampal volume reduction and a decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra. These findings support the crucial pathophysiological role of early immune stimulation in the above mentioned neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kubesova
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Tejkalova
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kacer
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Filip Tyls
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fujakova
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Palenicek
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Horacek
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Franklin M, Hlavacova N, Babic S, Pokusa M, Bermudez I, Jezova D. Aldosterone Signals the Onset of Depressive Behaviour in a Female Rat Model of Depression along with SSRI Treatment Resistance. Neuroendocrinology 2015; 102:274-287. [PMID: 25968351 DOI: 10.1159/000431152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious condition that occurs more frequently in women and is often associated with treatment resistance. The main hypotheses of this study are that (a) aldosterone is an early marker of depression onset and (b) a tryptophan (TRP) depletion model of depression previously validated in male rats is treatment resistant in females. To explore possible underlying mechanisms, we have focused on factors shown to be altered in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a control or low-TRP-containing diet for various time periods up to 21 days. The results show that aldosterone secretion increased after 4 days of TRP depletion and prior to corticosterone. Optimal effects of TRP depletion occurred at 14 days. In addition to neurochemical and behavioural changes observed previously in males, TRP depletion in females was associated with a significant decline in serum magnesium concentrations, increased serum interleukin-6, enhanced gene expression of orexin A in the frontal cortex and induced a rise in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor Bmax in the amygdala. Depression-like behaviour, NMDA receptor upregulation, enhancement of the kynurenine-to-kynurenic acid ratio and magnesium were resistant to paroxetine treatment (10 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 14 days). In conclusion, aldosterone may represent an important early marker for the onset of depression-like behaviour. With respect to treatment resistance, the underlying mechanisms may involve pro-inflammatory cytokines, the kynurenine pathway, magnesium, glutamate neurotransmission and the orexin pathway. This model of treatment-resistant depression may be useful for the future development of new compounds with novel antidepressant properties.
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Shahsavarian A, Javadi S, Jahanabadi S, Khoshnoodi M, Shamsaee J, Shafaroodi H, Mehr SE, Dehpour A. Antidepressant-like effect of atorvastatin in the forced swimming test in mice: The role of PPAR-gamma receptor and nitric oxide pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abbasowa L, Heegaard NHH. A systematic review of amyloid-β peptides as putative mediators of the association between affective disorders and Alzheimer׳s disease. J Affect Disord 2014; 168:167-83. [PMID: 25058309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective disorders are associated with an increased occurrence of cognitive deficits and have been linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer׳s disease. The putative molecular mechanisms involved in these associations are however not clear. The aim of this systematic review was to explore clinically founded evidence for amyloid-β peptides in cerebrospinal fluid and blood as putative biomarkers for affective disorders. METHOD Systematic searches in Embase and PubMed databases yielded 23 eligible, observational studies. RESULTS Despite inconsistencies that were partly ascribed to the application of different assay formats, study results indicate a potentially altered amyloid-β metabolism in affective disorder. LIMITATIONS Since most studies used a cross-sectional design, causality is difficult to establish. Moreover, methodological rigor of included studies varied and several studies were limited by very low sample numbers. Finally, different assays for amyloid-β were utilized in the different studies, thus hampering comparisons. CONCLUSION To unravel possible risk relations and causalities between affective disorder and Alzheimer׳s disease and to determine how amyloid-β concentrations change over time and are associated with cognition as well as affective symptomatology, future research should include prospective, longitudinal studies, implemented in large study populations, where peripheral and central amyloid-β ratios are quantified concomitantly and continuously across various affective phases. Also, to enable inter-survey comparisons, the use of standardized pre-analytical/analytical procedures is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Abbasowa
- Department of Medicine, Kabbeltoft 25, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Niels H H Heegaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology & Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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