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Low CE, Loke S, Pang GE, Sim B, Yang VS. Psychological outcomes in patients with rare cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 72:102631. [PMID: 38726223 PMCID: PMC11079476 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rare cancers are those that exhibit an incidence of less than six per 100,000 in a year. On average, the five-year relative survival for patients with rare cancers is worse than those with common cancers. The traumatic experience of cancer can be further intensified in patients with rare cancers due to the limited clinical evidence and the lack of empirical evidence for informed decision-making. With rare cancers cumulatively accounting for up to 25% of all cancers, coupled with the rising burden of rare cancers on societies globally, it is necessary to determine the psychological outcomes of patients with rare cancers. Methods This PRISMA-adherent systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42023475748) involved a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and PsycINFO for all peer-reviewed English language studies published since 2000 to 30th January 2024 that evaluated the prevalence, incidence and risk of depression, anxiety, suicide, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with rare cancers. Two independent reviewers appraised and extracted the summary data from published studies. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression were used for primary analysis. Findings We included 32 studies with 57,470 patients with rare cancers. Meta-analyses indicated a statistically significant increased risk-ratio (RR) of depression (RR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.43-4.77, I2 = 97%) and anxiety (RR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.27-5.55, I2 = 92%) in patients with rare cancers compared to healthy controls. We identified a high suicide incidence (315 per 100,000 person-years, 95% CI: 162-609, I2 = 95%), prevalence of depression (17%, 95% CI: 14-22, I2 = 88%), anxiety (20%, 95% CI: 15-25, I2 = 96%) and PTSD (18%, 95% CI: 9-32, I2 = 25%). When compared to patients with common cancer types, suicide incidence, and PTSD prevalence were significantly higher in patients with rare cancers. Systematic review found that having advanced disease, chemotherapy treatment, lower income, and social status were risk factors for negative psychological outcomes. Interpretation We highlight the need for early identification of psychological maladjustment in patients with rare cancers. Additionally, studies to identify effective interventions are imperative. Funding This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council Transition Award, SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, the Khoo Pilot Collaborative Award, the National Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist-Individual Research Grant-New Investigator Grant, the Terry Fox Grant and the Khoo Bridge Funding Award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ee Low
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Sean Loke
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ga Eun Pang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ben Sim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Valerie Shiwen Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Translational Precision Oncology Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, 61 Biopolis Dr, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
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Lepori GM, Morgan S, Assarian BA, Mishra T. Economic activity and suicides: Causal evidence from macroeconomic shocks in England and Wales. Soc Sci Med 2024; 342:116538. [PMID: 38181719 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between economic activity and suicides has been the subject of much scrutiny, but the focus in the extant literature has been almost exclusively on estimating associations rather than causal effects. In this paper, using data from England and Wales between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2017, we propose a plausible set of assumptions to estimate the causal impacts of well-known macroeconomic variables on the daily suicide rate. Our identification strategy relies on scheduled macroeconomic announcements and professional economic forecasts. An important advantage of using these variables to model suicide rates is that they can efficiently capture the elements of 'surprise or shock' via the observed difference between how the economy actually performed and how it was expected to perform. Provided that professional forecasts are unbiased and efficient, the estimated 'surprises or shocks' are 'as good as random', and therefore are exogenous. We employ time series regressions and present robust evidence that these exogenous macroeconomic shocks affect the suicide rate. Overall, our results are consistent with economic theory that shocks that reduce estimated permanent income, and therefore expected lifetime utility, can propel suicide rates. Specifically, at the population level, negative shocks to consumer confidence and house prices accelerate the suicide rate. However, there is evidence of behavioural heterogeneity between sexes, states of the economy, and levels of public trust in government. Negative shocks to the retail price index (RPI) raise the suicide rate for males. Negative shocks to the growth rate in gross domestic product (GDP) raise the population suicide rate when the economy is doing poorly. When public trust in government is low, increases in the unemployment rate increase the suicide rate for females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Borna A Assarian
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; University Hospital of Southampton, NHS, Southampton, UK.
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Moran L, Sheehan JD, Roddy D, Duffy RM. Suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in an urban post-partum maternity setting: a retrospective cohort study. Ir J Psychol Med 2023; 40:566-570. [PMID: 36866585 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fifteen percent of women worldwide experience depression in the perinatal period. Suicide is now one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in developed countries. Internationally, many healthcare systems screen post-natal women for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation to facilitate early assessment and intervention. To our knowledge, no Irish data exists on the prevalence of suicidal ideation in this cohort. AIMS To evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in post-natal women attending a large Dublin maternity hospital. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Women were randomly selected by delivery date over a 6 month period. Demographic and medical information was collected from their booking visit and discharge summary data. EPDS results at discharge post-partum were examined. RESULTS Data was collected on 643 women. Post-partum, 19 women (3.4%) had experienced suicidal ideation in the previous 7 days. Just over half of these women also had high EPDS scores (>12). Overall, 29 women (5.2%) screened positive for depression (EPDS score > 12). CONCLUSIONS The rate of suicidal ideation is in line with the published international data and emphasises the need for all clinicians to inquire about such thoughts. Training of midwifery and obstetric staff is required. Maternity units should have a policy on the management of suicidal ideation and risk. The prevalence of depressive symptoms post-partum was comparatively low in our study. This could suggest that antenatal screening and early intervention, which are integral parts of the perinatal mental health service, are effective. However, due to limitations of the study, it could also reflect an under-representation of depressive symptom burden in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moran
- Cluain Mhuire Community Mental Health Services, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland
| | - J D Sheehan
- Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Service, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Roddy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Mater Misercordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R M Duffy
- Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Service, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Rens E, Portzky G, Morrens M, Dom G, Van den Broeck K, Gijzen M. An exploration of suicidal ideation and attempts, and care use and unmet need among suicide-ideators in a Belgian population study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1741. [PMID: 37679752 PMCID: PMC10483782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation, or thinking about death and suicide, is common across all layers of society. The aim of this paper is to add to the understanding of suicidal ideation in the general population, as well as help-seeking behaviors and perceived unmet mental health needs among those who report suicidal thoughts. METHODS The research is part of a representative population-based survey study of mental wellbeing in Antwerp (Flanders, Belgium) carried out in 2021. A total of 1202 participants between 15 and 80 years old answered the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ), and an additional question about suicide plans. Participation was by invitation only and possible online or via a postal paper questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between both current suicidal ideation and self-reported lifetime suicide attempt with the sociodemographic factors age, gender, educational level, origin and financial distress. Moreover, formal care use for mental health was examined among those experiencing suicidal ideation, and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associated sociodemographic factors. Finally, perceived unmet mental health needs were assessed among suicide ideators. RESULTS The point-prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.6% and was higher among younger age groups and individuals reporting financial distress. The lifetime-prevalence of suicide attempts is 6.5% and was higher in younger people and individuals with a primary educational level and with financial distress. About half (45.6%) of those with suicidal ideation consulted a professional for mental health problems in the past twelve months. Men and those with a primary educational level were less likely to seek help. Half of suicide ideators without care use perceived some need for mental health care, and a third of suicide ideators who used care perceived the obtained help as insufficient, resulting in a population prevalence of 3.6% suicide ideators with a fully or partially perceived unmet need. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicide attempts, suicidal ideation and unmet needs among suicide-ideators is high in this Belgian sample. Mental health care need perception in suicide ideators needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rens
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, 2570, Duffel, Belgium
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Multiversum Psychiatric Hospital, 2530, Boechout, Belgium
| | - Kris Van den Broeck
- Department of Family and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mandy Gijzen
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Dykxhoorn J, Hayes J, Ashok K, Sörberg Wallin A, Dalman C. Objective and subjective neighbourhood characteristics and suicidality: a multilevel analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1166-1175. [PMID: 34231453 PMCID: PMC7614302 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of the neighbourhood environment, including population density, social fragmentation, and trust, have been linked to mental health outcomes. Using a longitudinal population-based cohort, we explored the relationship between objective and subjective neighbourhood characteristics and the odds of suicidal thoughts and attempts. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study of 20764 participants living in Stockholm County who participated in the Stockholm Public Health Survey. We used multilevel modelling to examine if suicidal thoughts and attempts were associated with neighbourhood characteristics, independent of individual associations. We included objective and subjective measures to explore if there was a different relationship between these measures of the neighbourhood environment and suicidality. RESULTS Associations between neighbourhood factors and suicidality were predominantly explained by individual characteristics, with the exception of neighbourhood-level deprivation and average residential trust. Each unit increase of deprivation was linked to increased odds of suicidal thoughts [Odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.07] and attempts (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.17). Decreasing residential trust was associated with increased odds of suicide attempts (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17). There was no evidence that neighbourhood-level fragmentation or average trust in public and political institutions had an independent effect on suicidality once individual and sociodemographic factors were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that much of the neighbourhood-level variation in suicidal thoughts and attempts could be explained by compositional factors, including sociodemographic clustering within neighbourhoods. The independent effect of neighbourhood-level deprivation and average residential trust provide evidence that the neighbourhood context may exert an independent effect on suicidality beyond the impact of individual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dykxhoorn
- Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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De Jaegere E, Stas P, van Heeringen K, Dumon E, van Landschoot R, Portzky G. Future-Oriented Group Training for suicidal individuals: A randomized controlled trial. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:270-281. [PMID: 36650920 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a serious public health concern worldwide. Current psychological interventions targeting suicidal ideation and behavior are, however, limited and often lack convincing empirical support. Future-Oriented Group Training (FOGT) targets crucial aspects of the suicidal process, thus possibly offering a promising intervention for suicidal ideation. This study aimed at investigating the short-term and long-term effects of FOGT on suicidal thoughts and related variables. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted, comparing the intervention group (FOGT + treatment as usual (TAU)) to a control group (TAU) at pre and posttreatment and at a 12-week follow-up. Suicidal ideation was the primary outcome, while depressive symptoms, hopelessness, defeat, entrapment, worrying, and the ability for future-oriented thinking were secondary outcomes. RESULTS When compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant decreases in worrying at posttreatment and significant increases in future-oriented thinking at follow-up. Pre-post analyses within the intervention group showed significant small-to-medium effects for primary as well as most secondary outcomes. Changes in suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, and future-oriented thinking remained significant at follow-up. CONCLUSION This study provides promising empirical evidence for the use of FOGT for individuals with suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Jaegere
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Stas
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kees van Heeringen
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Dumon
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Renate van Landschoot
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lyu S, Li Y. The Roles of Endorsement and Stigma in Suicidal Ideation and Behavior among Chinese College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:877. [PMID: 36613198 PMCID: PMC9820051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that stereotypes towards suicide, including endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide, may contribute to suicidal ideation and behaviors. However, this has not been examined directly. In this study, we examined whether endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide are involved in the pathway from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts among college students. To this end, we used the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and the Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS) to assess suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, endorsement of suicide, and stigma toward suicide, respectively, in a sample of 944 Chinese college students (mean age, 20.97 years). Using mediation analysis, we found that suicidal ideation partially mediated the relationship between endorsement of suicide and suicide attempts and between stigma toward suicide and suicide attempts. These findings provide novel evidence that endorsement of suicide and stigma toward suicide are closely associated with suicide attempts, but partially through the influences of suicidal ideation. Future studies should elaborate on their longitudinal relationships. Implications of these findings for clinical practices are discussed with reference to the ideation-to-action framework of suicide, aiming to reduce suicidal behaviors.
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Power K, Cientanni F, Wright C. Social Group Identification as a Predictor of Pretreatment Suicidal Ideation and Intent in those Receiving cCBT: Evidence from a Scottish Primary Care Sample. Arch Suicide Res 2023; 27:107-121. [PMID: 34514951 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1972882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal ideation and intent are strongly linked with suicidal attempts and completions; however, no study to date has explored the predictors of ideation and intent within a sample receiving computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) as an intervention for mild to moderate depression. The current study investigates the impact of social group identification and socioeconomic deprivation, together with a number of important clinical and demographic factors, on suicidal ideation and intent within a Scottish primary care sample. Participants (N = 1062) were recruited from referrals to a cCBT program, "Beating the Blues" (BtB), over a 33-month period. Participants completed three versions of the group identifications scale (GIS), one for each of three groups: family, community, and a social group of choice. Single-item questions on suicidal ideation and intent were delivered through the BtB program, and demographic and clinical information were collected on commencing BtB. More severe psychological distress, fewer group identifications, younger age, and being male, all significantly predicted the presence of suicidal ideations, however only greater severity of psychological distress was associated with more serious suicidal intent. These results provide valuable insight into factors associated with suicidal ideation and intent within a clinical population from a psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and demographic perspective.
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Kim S, Son HG, Lee S, Park H, Jeong KH. A Study on the Relationship between Depression Change Types and Suicide Ideation before and after COVID-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1610. [PMID: 36141222 PMCID: PMC9498312 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to explore and categorize changes in depression, and investigate the relationship between suicidal ideations before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In this study, data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) was used and included 8692 adults, 19 years of age or older, who could estimate the change in depression from 2017 (12th) to 2021 (16th) for final analysis. Depression change was classified into two types, 'low-level ascending' type (n = 7809, 80.9%), and 'increasing after reduction' type (n = 883, 10.2%). The Firth Method was used to examine the relationship between depression change types and suicidal ideation. RESULTS The lower the equivalized annual income and the lower the educational level, and the likelihood of belonging to the 'increasing after reduction' type, compared to the 'low-level ascending' type, the greater the probability of having suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION The significant impact of socioeconomic status (income and educational background) on suicidal ideation indicates the need to consider how epidemics affect inequality in society. This study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of depression, as well as to establish a foundation for long-term prevention of the rapid increase in suicide rates after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hye-Gyeong Son
- College of Nursing, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Seoyoon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hayoung Park
- Institute of Symbiotic Life Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyoung Jeong
- Department of Social Welfare, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea
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Khazaie H, Najafi F, Hamzeh B, Chehri A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Amin-Esmaeili M, Moradi-Nazar M, Khazaie S, Zakiei A, Kamasi S, Pasdar Y. Cluster analysis of risky behaviors among the youth in Western Iran: Determining correlates and comparing clusters based on severity of disability and attitude toward mental health help-seeking. Indian J Psychiatry 2021; 63:424-432. [PMID: 34789929 PMCID: PMC8522610 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1156_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The objectives of the study were (i) cluster analysis of risky behaviors; (ii) determining correlates; and (iii) comparing clusters with regard to the attitude toward mental health help seeking. METHODS The current cross-sectional study is a part of the first phase of the Persian Youth Cohort. From October 2014 to January 2017, 2990 individuals from Ravansar City in western Iran completed structured interviews and national and international standard questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using two-stage cluster analysis, multinomial logistic regression analysis, and Chi-square test. RESULTS This model provided three distinct clusters: (i) low-risk group with mild distress, (ii) high-risk group with high distress, and (iii) violent group with medium distress. Some sociodemographic and lifetime psychiatric disorders were the correlates of unhealthy clusters (P < 0.05). Compared to the reference cluster, a higher number of members in unhealthy clusters were suffering from medium to severe disability. Nevertheless, the participants in these clusters were less inclined to mental health help seeking. CONCLUSIONS More than half of the youth were suffering from suicidal and violent behaviors. Since high-risk participants are less inclined to mental health help seeking, the health policymakers can successfully utilize the results in planning general health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azita Chehri
- Department of Psychology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradi-Nazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Zakiei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Kamasi
- Department of Neuroscience and Psychopathology Research, Mind GPS Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rath D, Teismann T, Hoeller I, Glaesmer H, Paashaus L, Schönfelder A, Juckel G, Forkmann T. Predicting suicidal ideation in a longitudinal high-risk sample: Multilevel analyses and 12-month trajectories. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:2353-2369. [PMID: 34126652 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide states that suicidal ideation (SI) results from perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB). Cross-sectional studies found associations with SI. This study examined the prospective prediction of SI. METHODS Three hundred and eight inpatients reporting severe SI or a recent suicide attempt were assessed four times within 12 months. The prediction of SI was examined using multilevel analyses, group comparisons, and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, PB and TB were associated with SI. Prospectively, neither PB nor TB predicted SI. We found no autocorrelation of SI over time. Patients with persistent and fluctuating SI reported higher PB at T0. PB predicted the persistence of SI over 12 months. CONCLUSION Results emphasize cross-sectional associations between PB, TB, and SI. PB and TB could not predict the intensity of SI over time. SI did not predict itself over time. PB was associated with a persistent trajectory of SI over 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Rath
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Inken Hoeller
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Paashaus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Schönfelder
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Furnes D, Gjestad R, Rypdal K, Mehlum L, Hart S, Oedegaard KJ, Mellesdal L. Suicidal and violent ideation in acute psychiatric inpatients: prevalence, co-occurrence, and associated characteristics. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2021; 51:528-539. [PMID: 33368501 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the point prevalence of suicidal and violent ideation, as well as their co-occurrence and associated characteristics in inpatients with mental health disorders. METHODS Data on suicidal and violent ideation, and sociodemographic and clinical information, were gathered from 1,737 patients when admitted to the acute psychiatric ward. RESULTS The point prevalence was 51.9% for suicidal ideation and 19.8% for violent ideation. The point prevalence of co-occurring suicidal and violent ideation was 12.3%, which was significantly greater than expected by chance. Logistic regression analyses indicated that both suicidal and violent ideation were associated with young age and the absence of diagnoses of psychotic disorders; in addition, suicidal ideation was associated with female gender, violent ideation, and diagnoses of mood- neurotic and personality disorders, whereas violent ideation was associated with male gender, suicidal ideation, and diagnoses of mood and neurotic disorders. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings highlight the need for further research on suicidal and violent ideation in people with mental health problems including, but not limited to, their association with adverse behavioral outcomes, as well as the need to routinely assess both suicidal and violent ideation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiré Furnes
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Gjestad
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Knut Rypdal
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Mehlum
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Hart
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Norment, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Haukeland, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Mellesdal
- Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Ridge D, Smith H, Fixsen A, Broom A, Oliffe J. How men step back - and recover - from suicide attempts: A relational and gendered account. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:238-252. [PMID: 33151571 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Men account for three-quarters of suicide deaths in the UK, yet we know little about how at-risk men construct their experiences of moving towards - and then subsequently stepping back from - suicide, nor the part played by relational factors therein. An inductive thematic analysis was used to examine narrative interviews with eleven UK men who self-reported serious thoughts, plans and up-to and including suicide attempts in progress, but who consciously decided against carrying out an attempt. Their accounts suggest a highly social process of movements towards and away from suicide (e.g. frustrated help-seeking). Stepping back from suicide represents not a discrete issue, but a linked process in suicidality and wider recovery. Here, the use of military metaphors in particular (e.g. waging war, fighting back) highlights the gendered nature of the issue. Additionally, our article illuminates a range of social relations and forces that circulate in and around suicidality, which itself is embedded in varying forms of relationality, normativity and gendered practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Ridge
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Hannah Smith
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Alison Fixsen
- School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Alex Broom
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, School of Social and Political Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Oliffe
- Men's Health Research Program, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Suicidal ideation among nurses: Unique and cumulative effects of different subtypes of sleep problems. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:600-607. [PMID: 32871691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses have high rates of sleep problems, and higher risk of suicide than the general population. However, there is no empirical evidence showing the extent to which sleep problems among nurses are related to suicidal ideation. METHODS Multistage stratified cluster sampling was performed to recruit nurses from tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China. Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess suicidal ideation. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess different subtypes of sleep problems. RESULTS Overall prevalence of suicidal ideation among the sample was 10.8%. Nurses with sleep problems were at high risk for suicidal ideation (bOR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.20-2.65). Among different sleep problem subtypes, only "cannot breathe comfortably" was independently related to suicidal ideation. Different subtypes of sleep problems had cumulative effects on suicidal ideation: the more subtypes of sleep problems nurses experienced, the higher the likelihood of suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study design prevents inferring causation, and the use of self-report measures may lead to recall bias. Other physical/mental conditions, besides depression, were not assessed. Statistical power may have been insufficient due to the small sub-sample who reported suicidal ideation. Also, the generalizability of the results is limited, as the sample only comprised nurses in tertiary hospitals. CONCLUSIONS Nurses experiencing sleep problems were associated with increased likelihood of suicidal ideation. It may be beneficial to incorporate sleep problems into routine screening and intervention for suicide prevention in clinical practice.
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A study of job stress, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in display manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2020; 32:e16. [PMID: 32676194 PMCID: PMC7332350 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between job stress and suicide ideation/attempts among display manufacturing workers. Methods Data were collected from 836 workers in a display manufacturing company who participated in health screenings from May 22 to June 16, 2017. The data included general characteristics, night work, job tenure, previous physician-diagnosed chronic diseases, suicidal ideation/suicide attempts, and job stress. We investigated suicidal ideation/suicide attempts that covered the past year by using a self-reported questionnaire. Job stress was measured using the 43-item Korean Occupational Stress Scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between job stress and suicidal ideation/suicide attempts. The mediator effect of depression on suicidal ideation/suicide attempts was tested using a series of logistic regression by applying Baron and Kenny's mediation method. Results In the model adjusting for variables (e.g., age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, shift work, job tenure, chronic disease and depression), physical environment (OR: 3.60, 95% CI: 1.08–12.02), lack of reward (OR: 5.31, 95% CI: 1.54–18.34), and occupation climate (OR: 7.36, 95% CI: 2.28–23.72) were correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts in women. However, all subscales of job stress were not significantly correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts in men. In mediation analysis, job instability and occupational climate were correlated with suicidal ideation/suicide attempts and were mediated by depression in men workers. Conclusions In women workers, the experiences of suicidal ideation/suicide attempts were significantly correlated with the physical environment, lack of reward, and occupational climate that were subscales of job stress. In men workers, depression rather than job stress was correlated with experiences of suicidal ideation/suicide attempts.
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16
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Fuller-Thomson E, Sellors AE, Cameron RE, Baiden P, Agbeyaka S. Factors Associated with Recovery in Aboriginal People in Canada Who Had Previously Been Suicidal. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:186-203. [PMID: 31288615 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1612801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore factors associated with recovery from suicidal ideation among Aboriginal peoples living off reserve in Canada. Recovery is defined as being free of serious suicidal thoughts for the past year. Data for this study came from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples Survey, a nationally representative sample of Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are living off-reserve. The sample consisted of those who had seriously considered suicide at some point in their life (n = 2,680). Those who had been suicidal in the past year were compared to those who were no longer suicidal using Pearson chi-square and logistic regression analyses. Several factors were associated with recovery among Aboriginal peoples living off-reserve in Canada who had previously been suicidal. Recovery was higher among women, individuals who were older, and those who were food secure, spoke an Aboriginal language, had a high school degree, had a confidant, and had no previous diagnosis of mood disorders or learning disability. Several sociodemographic factors appear to influence recovery from suicidality among Aboriginal peoples. Intervention approaches to promote recovery from suicidal ideation would benefit from targeted outreach, a strength-based, culturally-specific approach using traditional practices, and encouraging involvement of various community members to foster resilience and formation of relationships.
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Risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Bhutan: An analysis of the 2014 Bhutan STEPS Survey data. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225888. [PMID: 31999708 PMCID: PMC6991943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health problem globally. Data on the factors influencing suicidal behaviours that can inform prevention policies are limited in Bhutan. This study used the dataset of the nationally-representative Bhutan STEPS Survey conducted in 2014 that assessed the non-communicable disease risk factors. Using a backward elimination approach, multiple logistic regression analysis accounting for the complex survey design was performed to identify the factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adults separately. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was 3.1% and 0.7%, respectively. We found female gender, being unemployed, low and middle household income than high household income, and having a family history of suicide were associated with higher odds of having suicidal ideation. Younger age and alcohol consumption were associated with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. While those from the middle-income group compared to those in the high-income group had reduced odds of attempting suicide. The findings can help inform policy investments for suicide prevention. Prevention programs that target young people, females, and low socioeconomic groups, and aimed to reduce harmful alcohol use can help prevent suicidal behaviours.
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18
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Blow AJ, Farero A, Ganoczy D, Walters H, Valenstein M. Intimate Relationships Buffer Suicidality in National Guard Service Members: A Longitudinal Study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:1523-1540. [PMID: 30507054 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Members of the U.S. military are at a high suicide risk. While studies have examined predictors of suicide in the U.S. military, more studies are needed which examine protective factors for suicide. Informed by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examined the strength of the intimate relationship and its role as a buffer of suicidality in National Guard service members. METHOD A total of 712 National Guard residing in a Midwestern state, who had all recently returned home from a deployment, took part in this study and completed surveys at 6 and 12 months postdeployment. They were assessed on suicide risk, mental health (depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety), and relationship satisfaction. RESULTS Lower relationship satisfaction and more depressive symptoms at the 6-month assessment were significantly related to greater suicide risk at 12 months. Each interaction between couple satisfaction and three mental health variables (PTSD, depression, and anxiety) at the 6-month assessment was significantly associated with suicide risk at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS The strength of the intimate relationship serves as a buffer for suicide in National Guard service members who have PTSD, anxiety, or depression. Interventions that strengthen these intimate relationships could reduce suicide in service members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Blow
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Adam Farero
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dara Ganoczy
- Veterans Health Administration, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Marcia Valenstein
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan and VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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de Beurs D, ten Have M, Cuijpers P, de Graaf R. The longitudinal association between lifetime mental disorders and first onset or recurrent suicide ideation. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:345. [PMID: 31694603 PMCID: PMC6836643 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the cross-sectional association between mental disorders and suicide ideation is well studied, less is known about the prospective association. In this paper, we estimated among those without 12-month suicide ideation at baseline, the association between a wide variety of common mental disorders at baseline and suicide ideation within the 6-year follow-up period, after controlling for history of other mental disorders and demographic variables. METHODS Data were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a prospective representative adult cohort study with baseline (n = 6646) with a 6-year follow-up period. Lifetime mental disorders were assessed at baseline with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Within the longitudinal design, participants with first time or recurrent suicide ideation were defined follows: having no suicide ideation in the 12 months before the baseline assessment, and reporting to have had seriously thought about suicide between baseline and the 6-year follow-up period. Multiple logistical regression was used to estimate the longitudinal association between suicide ideation and a specific mental disorder while controlling for comorbidity and baseline variables. To account for the prevalence of a disorder in the population, for each disorder, the population attributable risk proportion (PARP) was calculated. RESULTS 2.9% (n = 132) of the participants that did not report suicide ideation in the past 12 months at baseline reported suicide ideation at follow-up. Of these 132 cases, 81 (61%) experienced suicide ideation for the first time in their lives and could be viewed as first onset cases. 51 (39%) reported recurrent suicide ideation. After controlling for comorbidity, the only two disorders that were significantly related to suicide ideation at follow-up were lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). PARP for MDD was 47.8 and 16.6% for GAD. CONCLUSIONS After controlling for all other mental disorders, a lifetime history of MDD and GAD were related to suicide ideation at follow-up. For clinical practice, this indicates that patients with a history of MDD or GAD stay vulnerable for suicide ideation, even though they did not report suicide ideation in the past year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek de Beurs
- Netherlands Institute of Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Margreet ten Have
- 0000 0001 0835 8259grid.416017.5Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- 0000 0001 0835 8259grid.416017.5Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Cao C, Liu Q, Yang L, Zheng X, Lan P, Koyanagi A, Vancampfort D, Soysal P, Veronese N, Stubbs B, Firth J, Smith L. Handgrip strength is associated with suicidal thoughts in men: Cross-sectional analyses from NHANES. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 30:92-99. [PMID: 31544270 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between handgrip strength and suicidal thoughts in a representative sample of the US adult population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). POPULATION AND METHODS Data from two waves of NHANES (2011-2014) were aggregated. Handgrip strength in kilogram (kg) was defined as the maximum value from the dominant hand. Suicidal thoughts were assessed using one question "Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by the following problem: Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself in some way?" and dichotomized to no (not at all) and yes (several days/ more than half the days/ nearly every day). Sex-specific logistic regressions were carried out to analyze associations between handgrip strength and suicidal thoughts. RESULTS Data on total of 8903 adults (mean age 47.4 ± 0.4 years) were analyzed. Each 5kg increase in handgrip strength was associated with a 16% reduced odds of having suicidal thoughts (0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.95) among the overall male population. These associations were stronger in male aged 20-39 years (0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.98), and 40-64 years (0.73, 95% CI: 0.63-0.85). In contrast, no associations were observed in females of all age groups. CONCLUSIONS Males younger than 65 years old with low handgrip strength are significantly more likely to have suicidal thoughts demonstrating a dose-response relationship. Future research is required to confirm/refute our findings and establish if strength interventions can reduce suicidal thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qinran Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Geriatric Center, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Health Service and Population Research Department Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- School of Science and Health, NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Rosato M, Tseliou F, Wright DM, Maguire A, O’Reilly D. Are volunteering and caregiving associated with suicide risk? A Census-based longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:296. [PMID: 31601191 PMCID: PMC6788116 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opposing risks have been identified between different prosocial activities, with volunteering having been linked to better mental health while caregiving has been associated with higher prevalence and incidence of depression. This study explored suicide risk of people engaged in prosocial activities of caregiving and/or volunteering. METHODS A Census-based record linkage study of 1,018,000 people aged 25-74 years (130,816 caregivers; 110,467 volunteers; and 42,099 engaged in both) was undertaken. Caregiving (light: 1-19; intense: ≥20 h/week), volunteering and mental health status were derived from 2011 Census records. Suicide risk (45 months follow-up) was assessed using Cox models adjusted for baseline mental health. RESULTS Intense caregiving was associated with worse mental health (ORadj = 1.15: 95%CI = 1.12, 1.18) and volunteering with better mental health (OR = 0.87: 95%CI = 0.84, 0.89). For those engaged in both activities, likelihood of poor mental health was determined by caregiving level. There were 528 suicides during follow-up, with those engaged in both activities having the lowest risk of suicide (HR = 0.34: 95%CI = 0.14, 0.84). Engaging in either volunteering or caregiving was associated with lower suicide risk for those with good mental health at baseline (HR = 0.66: 95%CI = 0.49, 0.88) but not for their peers with baseline poor mental health (HR = 1.02: 95%CI = 0.69, 1.51). CONCLUSIONS Although an increased risk of poor mental health was identified amongst caregivers, there was no evidence of an increased risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosato
- 0000000105519715grid.12641.30Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Foteini Tseliou
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical, Sciences, Block B, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland.
| | - David M. Wright
- 0000 0004 0374 7521grid.4777.3Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical, Sciences, Block B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA Northern Ireland
| | - Aideen Maguire
- 0000 0004 0374 7521grid.4777.3Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical, Sciences, Block B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA Northern Ireland
| | - Dermot O’Reilly
- 0000 0004 0374 7521grid.4777.3Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Institute of Clinical, Sciences, Block B, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BA Northern Ireland
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First-onset and persistence of suicidal ideation in university students: A one-year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:192-204. [PMID: 31177047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal evidence about risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation among university students is limited. METHODS 12-month first-onset and persistence of suicidal ideation (SI) among Spanish first-year university students were estimated using baseline (T1) and 12-month follow-up (T2) online surveys. Information about STBs, childhood/adolescence adversities, positive relationships, mental disorders, recent stressful experiences, and university sense of membership was assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to study risk/protective factors of first-onset and persistence of suicidal ideation (SI). RESULTS A total of 1,248 respondents (58.9% response) were included. Mean age at baseline was 18.7 (SD = 1.3) and 56.0% were female. 7.3% reported 12-month SI at T2. Incidence of new SI cases was 3.4% and, among students with SI at T1, 21.2% also reported SI at T2 (persistence). Risk factors of T2 SI included 12-month mood disorder at T2 both without (aOR = 12.08 95% CI 5.45-26.80) or with (aOR = 7.2 95% CI 2.91-17.80) lifetime mood at T1, past lifetime suicide attempt (aOR = 8.79 95% CI 2.37-32.64) and plan without attempt (aOR = 4.72 95% CI 2.32-9.61), and 12-month physical or sexual assault (aOR = 3.28 95% CI 1.13-9.46). Twelve-month mood at T2 withoutT1 lifetime mood (aOR = 11.27 95% CI 3.02-42.14) and childhood/adolescence emotional abuse or neglect (aOR = 3.41 95% CI 1.10-10.57) or having been bullied (aOR = 3.2 95% CI 1.08-9.53) were associated with first-onset of SI. Twelve-month mood at T2 either without (aOR = 13.92 95% CI 3.76-51.59) or with (aOR = 8.03 95% CI 2.13-30.29) were associated to T2 SI persistence. University sense of membership was protective for overall 12-month SI at T2 (aOR = 0.25 95% CI 0.12-0.53 for middle tertile), first-onset SI (aOR = 0.1 95% 0.02-0.55 for middle tertile) and persistence (aOR = 0.3 95% CI 0.11-0.81 for middle tertile). LIMITATIONS Analysis was based on self-report data focusing on SI only, and conclusions about the direction of the associations are limited. CONCLUSIONS High proportion of SI suggests the need of suicide prevention strategies. The potential role of university sense of membership in reducing suicidal behaviour among university students deserves further investigation.
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Milner AJ, Shields M, Currier D, King TL. Male-Dominated Occupations, Employment Status, and Suicidal Behaviors Among Australian Men. CRISIS 2019; 41:54-63. [PMID: 31310165 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide rates are higher among unemployed men as well as those employed in male-dominated occupations such as construction. There has been less research on whether these patterns are similar for suicide ideation and attempt. Aims: In a cohort of 13,892 Australian males, this study examined the relationship between employment status and occupational gender ratio on reported thoughts of suicide and suicide attempts. Method: Men reporting suicide ideation or attempts at Wave 1 were removed from the sample. Logistic regression was used to examine Wave 1 employment status and occupational gender ratio and Wave 2 reported suicide ideation and attempts, controlling for confounders (measured in Wave 1). We conducted a sensitivity analysis controlling for mental health status. Results: Those who were unemployed or not in the labor force had elevated rates of suicide ideation (unemployed OR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.30, 2.82], p = .001; not in the labor force OR = 1.68, 95% CI [1.09, 2.60], p = .020). Those who were not in the labor force had greater odds of attempts (OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.05, 5.12], p = .037). There was no association between occupational gender ratio and suicide ideation or attempt. Limitations: We only had single item measures of ideation and attempts. Conclusion: There is a need for further investigation into risk factors for suicide among males, both when they are in and out of employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Milner
- Centre for Health Equity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marissa Shields
- Centre for Health Equity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dianne Currier
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania L King
- Centre for Health Equity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Mizuno Y, Hikichi H, Noguchi M, Kawachi I, Takao S. Reciprocity of social support is associated with psychological distress and suicidal ideation in older Japanese people: A population-based study. Soc Sci Med 2019; 230:131-137. [PMID: 31009879 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Okayama Prefectural Mental Health and Welfare Center, Okayama 700-0985, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Kelly JR, Cosgrove M, Judd C, Scott K, Loughlin AM, O’Keane V. Mood matters: a national survey on attitudes to depression. Ir J Med Sci 2019; 188:1317-1327. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-02014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Suicide morbidity and mortality are serious public health problems, accounting for over 40,000 deaths annually and over $10 billion in combined medical and work loss costs. Suicidal behavior is the outcome of a complex causal web of distal and proximal risk processes that includes a range of interacting environmental and biological determinants. We review current understanding of risk and protective factors, including recent findings on inflammatory processes, discuss recent research on environmental risks for suicidal behaviors with a focus on economic stress, and examine potential mechanisms by which external factors and internal processes such as inflammation might contribute to pathways leading to suicidal behavior. We propose a model that links changes in the default network or resting state of brain activity with corresponding changes in brain structure and function, which in turn may be influenced by diverse inflammatory mediators, and suggest a potential framework that highlights multidisciplinary opportunities for further research.
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Bennardi M, Caballero FF, Miret M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Haro JM, Lara E, Arensman E, Cabello M. Longitudinal Relationships Between Positive Affect, Loneliness, and Suicide Ideation: Age-Specific Factors in a General Population. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:90-103. [PMID: 29210215 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze whether positive and negative affect, social support, and loneliness are factors longitudinally related to suicide ideation in the general population in different age groups. A total of 2,392 individuals from a nationally representative sample of the Spanish general population were evaluated in 2011-2012 and in 2014-2015. After including relevant control variables in the analyses, lower positive affect was prospectively related to ideation in 18- to 59-year-old individuals, whereas feelings of loneliness were related to ideation in 60-year-and-older individuals. Social support was not associated with suicide ideation in any age group. These results are in line with the need for age-tailored suicide prevention programs. The present findings might also suggest that health care professionals should consider feelings of loneliness rather than social support to assess the presence of suicide ideation in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bennardi
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid.,Centro de Investigation Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid.,Centro de Investigation Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid.,Centro de Investigation Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigation Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Lara
- Centro de Investigation Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.,Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ella Arensman
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS Princesa), Madrid.,Centro de Investigation Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Lemaigre C, Taylor EP. Mediators of childhood trauma and suicidality in a cohort of socio-economically deprived Scottish men. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 88:159-170. [PMID: 30508684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little research investigating the relationship between childhood abuse, including neglect, and suicidality in adult men, despite epidemiological data suggesting that they are most at risk for suicide. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect and suicidality, and the possible mediating roles of affect dysregulation and social inhibition. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING a cohort of eighty-six socio-economically deprived male Caucasian participants previously identified as suicidal, attending a non-clinical community group. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures on childhood trauma, emotion regulation, interpersonal difficulties and suicidal behavior. RESULTS Mediation analysis indicated that emotion dysregulation and interpersonal difficulties significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality with a medium effect size (R2 = .41, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Study results suggest that early childhood abuse and neglect results in dysfunctional emotion regulation, which leads to suicidality in the context of impoverished social environments. The provision of psychological interventions aimed at improving social and emotional functioning may help to safeguard men who are most at risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lemaigre
- Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Dr Elsie Inglis Quadrangle, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Emily P Taylor
- Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Dr Elsie Inglis Quadrangle, Teviot Place, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
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29
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Chin W, Chen Y, Ho J, Cheng N, Wu H, Shiao JSC. Psychological Work Environment and Suicidal Ideation Among Nurses in Taiwan. J Nurs Scholarsh 2018; 51:106-113. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Shan Chin
- Postdoctoral Research FellowNational Institute of Environmental Health ScienceNational Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Chuan Chen
- PhD Student, School of NursingCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jiune‐Jye Ho
- Chief Secretary, Institute of LaborOccupational Safety and HealthMinistry of Labor Taipei Taiwan
| | - Nai‐Yun Cheng
- Assistant Researcher, Institute of LaborOccupational Safety and HealthMinistry of Labor Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsueh‐Ching Wu
- Assistant Professor, Department of NursingHsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Judith S. C. Shiao
- Associate Professor, School of NursingCollege of MedicineNational Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, and PresidentOccupational Health Nursing and Education Association of Taiwan Taipei Taiwan
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Are we finally making progress with suicide and self-harm? An overview of the history, epidemiology and evidence for prevention. Ir J Psychol Med 2018; 35:95-101. [PMID: 30115199 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ireland's suicide rate is falling, but suicide and self-harm remain substantial societal problems. It is not possible to predict suicide at the level of the individual but good primary care, good mental health care and good social care all likely reduce risk. In terms of targeted interventions, public health measures, such as paracetamol pack size regulations, have the best evidence base to support them. Despite increased public and professional discussion, much remains to be done to provide effective, coordinated support to those at risk of suicide and those bereaved. In 2016, there were up to 300 different groups providing support. Clearly, a coordinated, effective and compassionate approach is needed, linking community and state resources meaningfully with each other. Approaches rooted outside of core mental health services will be vital: addressing alcohol problems and other addictions, reducing homelessness, reforming the criminal justice system and improving social care.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Rogers
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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32
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Joung KI, Cho SI. Association of low blood pressure with suicidal ideation: a cross-sectional study of 10,708 adults with normal or low blood pressure in Korea. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:200. [PMID: 29490622 PMCID: PMC5831223 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether constitutional low blood pressure (BP) causes substantive health problems has been controversial, and subjects with hypotension exhibit a range of symptoms, from mild typical conditions such as tiredness and dizziness to more specific psychological conditions and even cognitive disorders. This study investigated whether low BP is associated with suicidal ideation in the general population. Methods Four years of data from the 2010–2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Among the 23,163 participants, aged 19–101 years, 10,708 with normal or low BP were included in the analysis of the association between low BP and suicidal ideation. The criterion used for low BP was systolic BP (SBP) < 100 mmHg, and in comparative analyses, the criteria used for low BP were SBP < 110, < 95, and < 90 mmHg. The association of prehypertension or hypertension with suicidal ideation was also examined. Suicidal ideation was assessed by a questionnaire. Results Compared with the normotensive reference group, the odds ratios (ORs) for suicidal ideation were significantly higher in the three hypotensive groups after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, total cholesterol level, household income, educational level, marital status, current smoking status, alcohol intake, and the interaction between sex and age (OR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.55; OR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.82; and OR = 1.71, 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.62 for SBP < 100, SBP < 95, and SBP < 90 mmHg, respectively). Adding the clinical morbidities of diabetes mellitus, stroke, myocardial infarction/angina pectoris, and depression as covariates had little effect on the strength of the associations (OR = 1.25, 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.50; OR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.81; and OR = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.68 for SBP < 100, < 95, and < 90 mmHg, respectively). Conclusions Low SBP showed an association with suicidal ideation in the general Korean population. The association was significant for low BP, defined as a SBP < 100 mmHg, and the strength of the association increased as the criteria for low BP increased in strictness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5106-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-In Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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33
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Mortier P, Cuijpers P, Kiekens G, Auerbach RP, Demyttenaere K, Green JG, Kessler RC, Nock MK, Bruffaerts R. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2018; 48:554-565. [PMID: 28805169 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence and young adulthood carry risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). An increasing subpopulation of young people consists of college students. STB prevalence estimates among college students vary widely, precluding a validated point of reference. In addition, little is known on predictors for between-study heterogeneity in STB prevalence. METHODS A systematic literature search identified 36 college student samples that were assessed for STB outcomes, representing a total of 634 662 students [median sample size = 2082 (IQR 353-5200); median response rate = 74% (IQR 37-89%)]. We used random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled STB prevalence estimates, and multivariate meta-regression models to identify predictors of between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS Pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 22.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.5-25.3%], 6.1% (95% CI 4.8-7.7%), and 3.2% (95% CI 2.2-4.5%), respectively. For 12-month prevalence, this was 10.6% (95% CI 9.1-12.3%), 3.0% (95% CI 2.1-4.0%), and 1.2% (95% CI 0.8-1.6%), respectively. Measures of heterogeneity were high for all outcomes (I 2 = 93.2-99.9%), indicating substantial between-study heterogeneity not due to sampling error. Pooled estimates were generally higher for females, as compared with males (risk ratios in the range 1.12-1.67). Higher STB estimates were also found in samples with lower response rates, when using broad definitions of suicidality, and in samples from Asia. CONCLUSIONS Based on the currently available evidence, STB seem to be common among college students. Future studies should: (1) incorporate refusal conversion strategies to obtain adequate response rates, and (2) use more fine-grained measures to assess suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
| | - P Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical,Neuro and Developmental Psychology,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,the Netherlands
| | - G Kiekens
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
| | - R P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA
| | - K Demyttenaere
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
| | - J G Green
- School of Education,Boston University,Boston,MA,USA
| | - R C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Harvard University,Boston,MA,USA
| | - M K Nock
- Department of Psychology,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA,USA
| | - R Bruffaerts
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
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Trained lay health workers reduce common mental disorder symptoms of adults with suicidal ideation in Zimbabwe: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:227. [PMID: 29422023 PMCID: PMC5806479 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicidal ideation may lead to deliberate self-harm which increases the risk of death by suicide. Globally, the main cause of deliberate self-harm is depression. The aim of this study was to explore prevalence of, and risk factors for, suicidal ideation among men and women with common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms attending public clinics in Zimbabwe, and to determine whether problem solving therapy delivered by lay health workers can reduce common mental disorder symptoms among people with suicidal ideation, using secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Methods At trial enrolment, the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ) was used to screen for CMD symptoms. In the intervention arm, participants received six problem-solving therapy sessions conducted by trained and supervised lay health workers, while those in the control arm received enhanced usual care. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors for suicidal ideation at enrolment, and cluster-level logistic regression to compare SSQ scores at endline (6 months follow-up) between trial arms, stratified by suicidal ideation at enrolment. Results There were 573 participants who screened positive for CMD symptoms and 75 (13.1%) reported suicidal ideation at baseline. At baseline, after adjusting for confounders, suicidal ideation was independently associated with being aged over 24, lack of household income (household income yes/no; adjusted odds ratio 0.52 (95% CI 0.29, 0.95); p = 0.03) and with having recently skipped a meal due to lack of food (adjusted odds ratio 3.06 (95% CI 1.81, 5.18); p < 0.001). Participants who reported suicidal ideation at enrolment experienced similar benefit to CMD symptoms from the Friendship Bench intervention (adjusted mean difference − 5.38, 95% CI −7.85, − 2.90; p < 0.001) compared to those who had common mental disorder symptoms but no suicidal ideation (adjusted mean difference − 4.86, 95% CI −5.68, − 4.04; p < 0.001). Conclusions Problem-solving therapy delivered by trained and supervised lay health workers reduced common mental disorder symptoms among participants with suicidal thoughts who attended primary care facilities in Zimbabwe. Trial registration pactr.org ldentifier: PACTR201410000876178
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35
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Teismann T, Forkmann T, Brailovskaia J, Siegmann P, Glaesmer H, Margraf J. Positive mental health moderates the association between depression and suicide ideation: A longitudinal study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2018; 18:1-7. [PMID: 30487904 PMCID: PMC6220923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Depression and suicide ideation regularly occur together. Yet, little is known about factors that buffer individuals against the development of suicide ideation. The present study investigated, whether positive mental health buffers the association between depression and suicide ideation in a longitudinal study design. Methods: A total of 207 German students (70.3% female; age: M = 26.04, SD = 5.33) were assessed at a baseline evaluation and again twelve months later. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Linear hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Positive mental health was considered to moderate the impact of depression on suicide ideation - controlling for age and gender. Results: Positive mental health was shown to moderate the impact of depression on suicide ideation: in those students who reported higher levels of positive mental health, depression severity showed no association with suicide ideation over time. Conclusion: Positive mental health seems to confer resilience and should be taken into account, when assessing individuals for suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Paula Siegmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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36
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Vanya M, Devosa I. Prevalence of psychiatric disorder-related consequences in male prisoners: a cross-sectional study. Public Health 2018; 154:11-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Favril L, Vander Laenen F, Vandeviver C, Audenaert K. Suicidal ideation while incarcerated: Prevalence and correlates in a large sample of male prisoners in Flanders, Belgium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2017; 55:19-28. [PMID: 29157508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Prisoners constitute a high-risk group for suicide. As an early stage in the pathway leading to suicide, suicidal ideation represents an important target for prevention, yet research on this topic is scarce in general prison populations. Using a cross-sectional survey design, correlates of suicidal ideation while incarcerated were examined in a sample of 1203 male prisoners, randomly selected from 15 Flemish prisons. Overall, a lifetime history of suicidal ideation and attempts was endorsed by 43.1% and 20.3% of respondents, respectively. Approximately a quarter of all prisoners (23.7%) reported past-year suicidal ideation during their current incarceration, which was significantly associated with both imported vulnerabilities (psychiatric diagnoses and a history of attempted suicide) and variables unique to the prison experience (lack of working activity, exposure to suicidal behaviour by peers, and low levels of perceived autonomy, safety and social support) in the multivariate regression analysis. A first-ever period of imprisonment and a shorter length of incarceration (≤12months) were also associated with increased odds of recent suicidal ideation. Collectively, the current findings underscore the importance of both vulnerability factors and prison-specific stressors for suicidal ideation in prisoners, and hence the need for a multi-faceted approach to suicide prevention in custodial settings. In addition to the provision of appropriate mental health care, environmental interventions that target modifiable aspects of the prison regime could provide a substantial buffer for the onset and persistence of suicidal ideation in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Favril
- Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP), Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Freya Vander Laenen
- Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP), Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vandeviver
- Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP), Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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38
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Siegmann P, Teismann T, Fritsch N, Forkmann T, Glaesmer H, Zhang XC, Brailovskaia J, Margraf J. Resilience to suicide ideation: A cross-cultural test of the buffering hypothesis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 25:e1-e9. [PMID: 28853242 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression and suicide ideation are common in student populations across the world. The present study investigated factors buffering the association between depression and suicide ideation. A total of 2,687 Chinese students and 601 German students took part in the investigation. Social support, satisfaction with life, self-efficacy, psychosocial stress resistance, and positive mental health were considered as resilience factors moderating the association between depressive symptoms and suicide ideation within both samples. Positive mental health moderated the impact of depressive symptoms on suicide ideation in German and Chinese students. Life satisfaction moderated the impact of depressive symptoms on suicide ideation in German students. Social support moderated the impact of depressive symptoms on suicide ideation in Chinese students. No interaction effects were found for self-efficacy and psychosocial stress resistance. Positive mental health, satisfaction with life, and perceived social support seem to confer resilience and should be taken into account, when assessing individuals for suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Siegmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Teismann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Nathalie Fritsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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39
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van de Venne J, Cerel J, Moore M, Maple M. Predictors of Suicide Ideation in a Random Digit Dial Study: Exposure to Suicide Matters. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:425-437. [PMID: 27440559 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1211044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is an important public health concern requiring ongoing research to understand risk factors for suicide ideation. A dual-frame, random digit dial survey was utilized to identify demographic and suicide-related factors associated with suicide ideation in a statewide sample of 1,736 adults. The PH-Q 9 Depression scale suicide ideation question was used to assess current suicide ideation in both the full sample and suicide exposed sub-sample. Being non-married and having previous suicide exposure were separately associated with higher risks of suicide ideation in the full sample. Being male, having increased suicide exposures, and having increased perceptions of closeness to the decedent increased risks, while older age decreased risks for the suicide exposed. Implications for future screening and research are discussed.
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40
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Wolford-Clevenger C, Grigorian H, Brem MJ, Florimbio AR, Elmquist J, Stuart GL. Associations of Emotional Abuse Types with Suicide Ideation among Dating Couples. JOURNAL OF AGGRESSION, MALTREATMENT & TRAUMA 2017; 26:1042-1054. [PMID: 29081647 PMCID: PMC5658049 DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1335821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that coercive control is more strongly associated with suicidal ideation than other forms of intimate partner violence. However, a majority of these studies focused on samples of help-seeking women. This study examined whether coercive control remains the form of intimate partner violence most strongly associated with suicidal ideation within a sample of nonclinical dating couples. This cross-sectional, survey study on 104 dating couples examined the associations of coercive control (i.e., dominance/intimidation and restrictive engulfment) with suicidal ideation, while controlling for other forms of emotional abuse (i.e., hostile withdrawal and denigration), physical assault, and depressive symptoms. As expected, dominance/intimidation and depressive symptoms, but not denigration and physical assault, were associated with suicidal ideation. Contrary to our hypothesis, hostile withdrawal, but not restrictive engulfment, was associated with suicidal ideation. This study suggests that dominance/intimidation and hostile withdrawal are forms of emotional abuse that are pertinent to suicidal ideation in nonclinical dating couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
| | - Hannah Grigorian
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
| | - Meagan J Brem
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
| | - Autumn Rae Florimbio
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
| | - JoAnna Elmquist
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
| | - Gregory L Stuart
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, 204 Austin Peay Bldg. Knoxville, TN 37996-0900, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric symptoms (PSs) are reported to occur frequently in people living with HIV and may be associated with specific antiretrovirals. We analyzed PSs observed with dolutegravir (DTG) and other frequently prescribed anchor drugs. METHODS Selected PSs (insomnia, anxiety, depression, and suicidality) occurring in HIV-positive patients during DTG treatment across 5 randomized clinical trials (3 double-blind), in the Observational Pharmaco-Epidemiology Research & Analysis (OPERA) cohort, and among cases spontaneously reported to ViiV Healthcare were analyzed. RESULTS In clinical trials, PSs were reported at low and similar rates in patients receiving DTG or comparators [atazanavir, darunavir, efavirenz, or raltegravir (RAL)]. Insomnia was most commonly reported. The highest rates were observed in SINGLE (DTG 17%, efavirenz 12%), with consistently lower rates in the other trials (DTG: 3%-8% versus comparator: 3%-7%). More efavirenz-treated patients withdrew because of PSs than patients treated with other anchor drugs. In OPERA, history of PSs at baseline was lowest in efavirenz-treated patients compared with patients treated with DTG, RAL, or darunavir. Despite baseline differences, prevalence and incidence during treatment were similar across the 4 anchor drugs. Withdrawal rates for PSs were lowest for DTG (0%-0.6%) and highest for RAL (0%-2.5%). Spontaneously reported events were similar in nature to clinical trial data. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of 3 different data sources shows that, similar to other frequently prescribed anchor drugs to treat HIV infection, PSs are also reported in DTG-treated patients. These events are reported with low frequency and rarely necessitate DTG discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison V. Metts
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Pirkis J, Currier D, Butterworth P, Milner A, Kavanagh A, Tibble H, Robinson J, Spittal MJ. Socio-Economic Position and Suicidal Ideation in Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040365. [PMID: 28362354 PMCID: PMC5409566 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
People in low socio-economic positions are over-represented in suicide statistics and are at heightened risk for non-fatal suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Few studies have tried to tease out the relationship between individual-level and area-level socio-economic position, however. We used data from Ten to Men (the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health) to investigate the relationship between individual-level and area-level socio-economic position and suicidal thinking in 12,090 men. We used a measure of unemployment/employment and occupational skill level as our individual-level indicator of socio-economic position. We used the Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage (a composite multidimensional construct created by the Australian Bureau of Statistics that combines information from a range of area-level variables, including the prevalence of unemployment and employment in low skilled occupations) as our area-level indicator. We assessed suicidal thinking using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We found that even after controlling for common predictors of suicidal thinking; low individual-level and area-level socio-economic position heightened risk. Individual-level socio-economic position appeared to exert the greater influence of the two; however. There is an onus on policy makers and planners from within and outside the mental health sector to take individual- and area-level socio-economic position into account when they are developing strategic initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Dianne Currier
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Peter Butterworth
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Allison Milner
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Anne Kavanagh
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Holly Tibble
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Jo Robinson
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Spittal
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.
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Stansfeld SA, Clark C, Smuk M, Power C, Davidson T, Rodgers B. Childhood adversity and midlife suicidal ideation. Psychol Med 2017; 47:327-340. [PMID: 27762177 PMCID: PMC5216460 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity predicts adolescent suicidal ideation but there are few studies examining whether the risk of childhood adversity extends to suicidal ideation in midlife. We hypothesized that childhood adversity predicts midlife suicidal ideation and this is partially mediated by adolescent internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders and adult exposure to life events and interpersonal difficulties. METHOD At 45 years, 9377 women and men from the UK 1958 British Birth Cohort Study participated in a clinical survey. Childhood adversity was prospectively assessed at the ages of 7, 11 and 16 years. Suicidal ideation at midlife was assessed by the depressive ideas subscale of the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Internalizing and externalizing disorders were measured by the Rutter scales at 16 years. Life events, periods of unemployment, partnership separations and alcohol dependence were measured through adulthood. RESULTS Illness in the household, paternal absence, institutional care, parental divorce and retrospective reports of parental physical and sexual abuse predicted suicidal ideation at 45 years. Three or more childhood adversities were associated with suicidal ideation at 45 years [odds ratio (OR) 4.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.67-6.94]. Psychological distress at 16 years partially mediated the associations of physical abuse (OR 3.41, 95% CI 2.29-5.75), sexual abuse (OR 4.99, 95% CI 2.90-11.16) with suicidal ideation. Adult life events partially mediated the association of parental divorce (OR 6.34, 95% CI -7.16 to 36.75) and physical (OR 9.59, 95% CI 4.97-27.88) and sexual abuse (OR 6.59, 95% CI 2.40-38.36) with suicidal ideation at 45 years. CONCLUSIONS Adversity in childhood predicts suicidal ideation in midlife, partially mediated by adolescent internalizing and externalizing disorders, adult life events and interpersonal difficulties. Understanding the pathways from adversity to suicidal ideation can inform suicide prevention and the targeting of preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Stansfeld
- Centre for Psychiatry,
Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - C. Clark
- Centre for Psychiatry,
Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - M. Smuk
- Centre for Psychiatry,
Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of
London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - C. Power
- Population, Policy and
Practice, University College London,
Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford
Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - T. Davidson
- Centre for Gambling Research,
School of Sociology, Beryl Rawson Building,
The Australian National University,
Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - B. Rodgers
- School of Demography, The
Australian National University, Acton, ACT
2601, Australia
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Mortier P, Demyttenaere K, Auerbach RP, Cuijpers P, Green JG, Kiekens G, Kessler RC, Nock MK, Zaslavsky AM, Bruffaerts R. First onset of suicidal thoughts and behaviours in college. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:291-299. [PMID: 27741465 PMCID: PMC5460371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students are a worldwide increasing group of young people at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). However, no previous studies have prospectively investigated the first onset of STB during the college period. METHODS Using longitudinal data from the Leuven College Surveys, 2337 (response rate [RR]=66.6%) incoming freshmen provided baseline data on STB, parental psychopathology, childhood-adolescent traumatic experiences, 12-month risk for mental disorders, and 12-month stressful experiences. A total of 1253 baseline respondents provided data on 12-month STB in a two-year annual follow-up survey (conditional RR=53.6%; college dropout adjusted conditional RR=70.2%). RESULTS One-year incidence of first-onset STB was 4.8-6.4%. Effect sizes of the included risk factors varied considerably whether viewed from individual-level (ORs=1.91-17.58) or population-level perspective (PARPs=3.4-34.3%). Dating violence prior to the age of 17, physical abuse prior to the age of 17, and 12-month betrayal by someone else than the partner were most strong predictors for first-onset suicidal ideation (ORs=4.23-12.25; PARPs=8.7-27.1%) and plans (ORs=6.57-17.58; PARPs=15.2-34.3%). Multivariate prediction (AUC=0.84-0.91) revealed that 50.7-65.7% of first-onset STB cases were concentrated in the 10% at highest predicted risk. LIMITATIONS As this is a first investigation of STB onset in college, future studies should use validation samples to test the accuracy of our multivariate prediction model. CONCLUSIONS The first onset of STB in college appears to be higher than in the general population. Screening at college entrance is a promising strategy to identify those students at highest prospective risk, enabling the cost-efficient clinical assessment of young adults in college.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - K Demyttenaere
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R P Auerbach
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - P Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J G Green
- School of Education, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Kiekens
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R C Kessler
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A M Zaslavsky
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Bruffaerts
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Yip PSF, Chang SS, Wong PWC, Law FYW. Association Between Changes in Risk Factor Status and Suicidal Ideation Incidence and Recovery. CRISIS 2016; 36:390-8. [PMID: 26648226 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about risk factors associated with the incidence of and recovery from suicidal ideation. AIMS To examine the association between potential risk factors and their change in status over the follow-up period and the incidence of and recovery from suicidal ideation. METHOD A 12-month follow-up survey was conducted among 997 adults aged between 20 and 59 years living in Hong Kong. RESULTS The incidence rates of suicidal ideation increased in individuals who were divorced, separated, or widowed, in low economic status, had a history of psychiatric treatment, and experienced bereavement at baseline. Experiencing three or more life events and persistent unemployment over the follow-up period was associated with increased incidence of suicidal ideation. Increased levels of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and irrational beliefs were associated with suicidal ideation incidence in men but not in women (p = .009-.067 for interactions). Among individuals who had suicidal ideation at baseline, those who had increased severity of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness over the follow-up period were less likely to recover from suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Life events and persistent unemployment were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. Gender differences were detected in the association between changes in the status of psychological factors and the occurrence of suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Paul Siu Fai Yip
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Shu-Sen Chang
- 2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,3 Institute of Health Policy and Management, and Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul Wai Ching Wong
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Frances Yik Wa Law
- 1 Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC.,2 Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
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Roberts KJ, Smith N, Bowden-Jones H, Cheeta S. Gambling disorder and suicidality within the UK: an analysis investigating mental health and gambling severity as risk factors to suicidality. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1257648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Smith
- National Problem Gambling Clinic, London, UK
| | | | - Survjit Cheeta
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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48
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Peters EM, Balbuena L, Marwaha S, Baetz M, Bowen R. Mood instability and impulsivity as trait predictors of suicidal thoughts. Psychol Psychother 2016; 89:435-444. [PMID: 26718767 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impulsivity, the tendency to act quickly without adequate planning or concern for consequences, is a commonly cited risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviour. There are many definitions of impulsivity and how it relates to suicidality is not well understood. Mood instability, which describes frequent fluctuations of mood over time, is a concept related to impulsivity that may help explain this relationship. The purpose of this study was to determine whether impulsivity could predict suicidal thoughts after controlling for mood instability. METHODS This study utilized longitudinal data from the 2000 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 2,406). There was a time interval of 18 months between the two waves of the study. Trait impulsivity and mood instability were measured with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate baseline impulsivity and mood instability as predictors of future suicidal thoughts. RESULTS Impulsivity significantly predicted the presence of suicidal thoughts, but this effect became non-significant with mood instability included in the same model. CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity may be a redundant concept when predicting future suicidal thoughts if mood instability is considered. The significance is that research and therapy focusing on mood instability along with impulsivity may be useful in treating the suicidal patient. PRACTITIONER POINTS Mood instability and impulsivity both predict future suicidal thoughts. Impulsivity does not predict suicidal thoughts after controlling for mood instability. Assessing and treating mood instability could be important aspects of suicide prevention and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyn M Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lloyd Balbuena
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steven Marwaha
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Marilyn Baetz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Rudy Bowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Halliwell REW, Downes M, Adams VJ, Allister R, Harrison W, Mellanby RJ, Dean RS. Stress in new graduates: can the profession do more to help? Vet Rec 2016; 178:635-6. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.i3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. W. Halliwell
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - M. Downes
- Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
| | - V. J. Adams
- Vet Epi; White Cottage Dickleburgh Norfolk IP21 4NT UK
| | - R. Allister
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - W. Harrison
- School of Public Health; Imperial College London; St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place London W2 1PG UK
| | - R. J. Mellanby
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies; University of Edinburgh; Hospital for Small Animals; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; Roslin Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - R. S. Dean
- Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
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Zou Y, Leung R, Lin S, Yang M, Lu T, Li X, Gu J, Hao C, Dong G, Hao Y. Attitudes towards suicide in urban and rural China: a population based, cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:162. [PMID: 27230910 PMCID: PMC4881201 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide intervention programs have been guided by findings that attitude towards suicide and suicidal behavior may be causally linked. These findings also make it imperative to identify the factors that influence attitudes towards suicide. However, there has been little research on attitudes towards suicide among the general population, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. This population-based, cross-sectional study investigated the associated factors of attitudes towards suicide among a representative sample of urban and rural adult residents in China. METHODS A multi-stage, stratified random sampling approach was implemented to select participants. Data were collected by a survey using the Scale of Public Attitudes about Suicide (SPAS). The survey also collected some socio-demographic factors and suicidal history of participants. Statistical tests were conducted to identify associated factors that account for variations in attitudes towards suicide. RESULTS The residents in China generally hold a neutral attitude towards suicide. Attitudes towards suicide among Chinese residents were associated with age, duration of formal education, marital status, job and suicidal ideation. Different attitudinal subscales seemed not to share the same risk factors. However, gender, ethnicity, religious belief, housing style and economic status might not influence residents' attitudes towards suicide. Attitudes towards suicide among Chinese urban and rural residents generally had no statistical difference with one notable exception: opinions on whether or not suicides and suicide attempts are different phenomena. CONCLUSIONS Age, duration of formal education, marital status, job and suicidal ideation seem to have an impact on attitudes towards suicide among residents. Urban and rural residents have similar attitudes towards suicide with the only statistically significance difference being their opinions on whether or not suicides and suicide attempts are different phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Zou
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ricky Leung
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12144-3445, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12144-3445, USA
| | - Mingan Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12144-3445, USA
| | - Xianyun Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing Suicide Research and Prevention Center, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantao Hao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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