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Lahey BB. Why Psychological Problems Presage Cardiometabolic Health Problems. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:581-583. [PMID: 38946278 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Lahey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago
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2
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Wang C, Havewala M, Zhu Q. COVID-19 stressful life events and mental health: Personality and coping styles as moderators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1068-1077. [PMID: 35471940 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2066977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of COVID-19-specific stressful life events (SLE) in predicting depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction, and if personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism), and coping styles (problem-focused coping and avoidance coping) moderated these relations. PARTICIPANTS Data were collected from 371 college students (Mage = 20.59; SDage = 2.58) from one large university of the Mid-Atlantic region in the U.S. METHODS Participants completed an online survey measuring COVID-19 related stressful life events (adapted from a tool developed to measure stressful life events during the SARS pandemic; Costa et al., 2001; Main et al., 2011), personality (the Mini-Markers; Saucier, 1994), coping styles (by using a measure developed by Aldrige-Gerry et al., 2011), depression (PHQ-9; Kroenke et al., 2011), anxiety (GAD-7; Spitzer et al., 2006), and life satisfaction (Student's Life Satisfaction Scale, Huebner, 1996) between March 27th and April 27th, 2020. RESULTS Path analysis results showed that extraversion and avoidance coping style moderated the effects of SLE on depression and anxiety symptoms; neuroticism and avoidance coping style moderated the relation between SLE and life satisfaction. The moderation results also differed by gender. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic had deleterious effects on college students' mental health, where extraversion emerged as a protective factor, while neuroticism and avoidance coping style were risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of paying special attention to college students' mental health needs and promoting appropriate coping strategies in the light of the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cixin Wang
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, & Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mazneen Havewala
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, & Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Qianyu Zhu
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, & Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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3
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Du W, Wang J, Li Q, Lu S, Xiao J. Longitudinal mediation effect of hassles between neuroticism and dimensions of the tripartite model in college students. Stress Health 2024:e3407. [PMID: 38652730 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the longitudinal effects of hassles in mediating the relationship between neuroticism and the tripartite model of depression and anxiety. The research investigates these associations in a large sample of university students, utilising baseline and 6-month follow-up data. Initial assessments involved participants completing measures for neuroticism, depression and anxiety symptoms, and the occurrence of stress, followed by monthly assessments of stress, anxiety symptom and mood symptoms over a 6-month period. Our results illuminate the mediating role of daily hassles in the relationship between neuroticism and various dimensions of anxiety and depression, including general distress, specific depression, and anxiety symptoms. These findings underscore the significant impact of neuroticism and hassles on a broad spectrum of mood symptoms, offering valuable insights for both research and clinical practice. Discussions around the implications of these findings are provided in the our paper, where we also outline potential directions for future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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4
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Rozovsky R, Bertocci M, Iyengar S, Stiffler RS, Bebko G, Skeba AS, Brady T, Aslam H, Phillips ML. Identifying tripartite relationship among cortical thickness, neuroticism, and mood and anxiety disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8449. [PMID: 38600283 PMCID: PMC11006921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of young adults seeking help for emotional distress, subsyndromal-syndromal mood/anxiety symptoms, including those associated with neuroticism, is rising and can be an early manifestation of mood/anxiety disorders. Identification of gray matter (GM) thickness alterations and their relationship with neuroticism and mood/anxiety symptoms can aid in earlier diagnosis and prevention of risk for future mood and anxiety disorders. In a transdiagnostic sample of young adults (n = 252;177 females; age 21.7 ± 2), Hypothesis (H) 1:regularized regression followed by multiple regression examined relationships among GM cortical thickness and clinician-rated depression, anxiety, and mania/hypomania; H2:the neuroticism factor and its subfactors as measured by NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were tested as mediators. Analyses revealed positive relationships between left parsopercularis thickness and depression (B = 4.87, p = 0.002), anxiety (B = 4.68, p = 0.002), mania/hypomania (B = 6.08, p ≤ 0.001); negative relationships between left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) thickness and depression (B = - 5.64, p ≤ 0.001), anxiety (B = - 6.77, p ≤ 0.001), mania/hypomania (B = - 6.47, p ≤ 0.001); and positive relationships between left isthmus cingulate thickness (B = 2.84, p = 0.011), and anxiety. NEO anger/hostility mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and mania/hypomania; NEO vulnerability mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and depression. Examining the interrelationships among cortical thickness, neuroticism and mood and anxiety symptoms enriches the potential for identifying markers conferring risk for mood and anxiety disorders and can provide targets for personalized intervention strategies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rozovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Michele Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richelle S Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander S Skeba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Segura AG, Serna EDL, Sugranyes G, Baeza I, Valli I, Martínez-Serrano I, Díaz-Caneja CM, Andreu-Bernabeu Á, Moreno DM, Gassó P, Rodríguez N, Martínez-Pinteño A, Prohens L, Torrent C, García-Rizo C, Mas S, Castro-Fornieles J. Polygenic risk scores mediating functioning outcomes through cognitive and clinical features in youth at family risk and controls. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 81:28-37. [PMID: 38310718 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder exhibit substantial clinical overlap, particularly in individuals at familial high risk, who frequently present sub-threshold symptoms before the onset of illness. Severe mental disorders are highly polygenic traits, but their impact on the stages preceding the manifestation of mental disorders remains relatively unexplored. Our study aimed to examine the influence of polygenic risk scores (PRS) on sub-clinical outcomes over a 2-year period in youth at familial high risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and controls. The sample included 222 children and adolescents, comprising offspring of parents with schizophrenia (n = 38), bipolar disorder (n = 80), and community controls (n = 104). We calculated PRS for psychiatric disorders, neuroticism and cognition using the PRS-CS method. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to investigate the association between PRS and cognition, symptom severity and functioning. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether clinical features acted as intermediaries in the impact of PRS on functioning outcomes. SZoff exhibited elevated PRS for schizophrenia. In the entire sample, PRS for depression, neuroticism, and cognitive traits showed associations with sub-clinical features. The effect of PRS for neuroticism and general intelligence on functioning outcomes were mediated by cognition and symptoms severity, respectively. This study delves into the interplay among genetics, the emergence of sub-clinical symptoms and functioning outcomes, providing novel evidence on mechanisms underpinning the continuum from sub-threshold features to the onset of mental disorders. The findings underscore the interplay of genetics, cognition, and clinical features, providing insights for personalized early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Segura
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Valli
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez-Serrano
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Andreu-Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores M Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Adolescent Inpatient Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodríguez
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Martínez-Pinteño
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llucia Prohens
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Fundació Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Mas
- Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, 2021SGR01319, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Tsigkaropoulou E, Michopoulos I, Porichi E, Dafnas K, Serretti A, Ferentinos P. Temperament and character dimensions explain self-reported resilience deficits in patients with affective disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:59-69. [PMID: 37351577 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study exploring how temperament and character personality dimensions impact self-reported resilience in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). We included 130 euthymic patients with affective disorders (AFD; 66 MDD and 64 BD) and 134 healthy controls (HC). Connor and Davidson resilience scale and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-140) were administered. Multiple linear regressions and interaction analyses were performed. Mediation analyses examined if personality dimensions explained group differences in resilience. Resilience was lower in MDD and BD vs. HC and in MDD vs. BD, adjusting for sex, age and education. Higher resilience was predicted by lower harm avoidance (HA) and higher persistence (P) in AFD and MDD, lower HA in BD and higher P and self-directedness (SD) in HC. However, only HA and P had a group-specific effect on resilience in AFD vs. HC. In mediation analyses, specific TCI dimensions at least partially explained differences in resilience: HA, P and SD in AFD or MDD vs. HC; SD in BD vs. HC; P in BD vs. MDD. Concludingly, two temperament traits (HA, P) and a character trait (SD) predict resilience in AFD. Focusing on personality could identify sources of compromised resilience as potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Tsigkaropoulou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Porichi
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafnas
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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7
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Roy TA, Bubier JA, Dickson PE, Wilcox TD, Ndukum J, Clark JW, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Crabbe JC, Denegre JM, Svenson KL, Braun RE, Kumar V, Murray SA, White JK, Philip VM, Chesler EJ. Discovery and validation of genes driving drug-intake and related behavioral traits in mice. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e12875. [PMID: 38164795 PMCID: PMC10780947 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are heritable disorders characterized by compulsive drug use, the biological mechanisms for which remain largely unknown. Genetic correlations reveal that predisposing drug-naïve phenotypes, including anxiety, depression, novelty preference and sensation seeking, are predictive of drug-use phenotypes, thereby implicating shared genetic mechanisms. High-throughput behavioral screening in knockout (KO) mice allows efficient discovery of the function of genes. We used this strategy in two rounds of candidate prioritization in which we identified 33 drug-use candidate genes based upon predisposing drug-naïve phenotypes and ultimately validated the perturbation of 22 genes as causal drivers of substance intake. We selected 19/221 KO strains (8.5%) that had a difference from control on at least one drug-naïve predictive behavioral phenotype and determined that 15/19 (~80%) affected the consumption or preference for alcohol, methamphetamine or both. No mutant exhibited a difference in nicotine consumption or preference which was possibly confounded with saccharin. In the second round of prioritization, we employed a multivariate approach to identify outliers and performed validation using methamphetamine two-bottle choice and ethanol drinking-in-the-dark protocols. We identified 15/401 KO strains (3.7%, which included one gene from the first cohort) that differed most from controls for the predisposing phenotypes. 8 of 15 gene deletions (53%) affected intake or preference for alcohol, methamphetamine or both. Using multivariate and bioinformatic analyses, we observed multiple relations between predisposing behaviors and drug intake, revealing many distinct biobehavioral processes underlying these relationships. The set of mouse models identified in this study can be used to characterize these addiction-related processes further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Roy
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Jason A. Bubier
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Price E. Dickson
- Joan C Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Troy D. Wilcox
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Juliet Ndukum
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - James W. Clark
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John C. Crabbe
- VA Portland Health Care SystemOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - James M. Denegre
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Karen L. Svenson
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Robert E. Braun
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Stephen A. Murray
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | | | - Vivek M. Philip
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Elissa J. Chesler
- Center for Addiction BiologyThe Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
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8
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Stumpp NE, Southward MW, Sauer-Zavala S. Assessing Theories of State and Trait Change in Neuroticism and Symptom Improvement in the Unified Protocol. Behav Ther 2024; 55:93-105. [PMID: 38216240 PMCID: PMC10787156 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have shown neuroticism decreases with treatment (Roberts et al., 2017), although it is unclear if this reflects fleeting state-level changes (state-artifact position) or trait-level change (cause-correction hypothesis). These theories further propose that changes in neuroticism predict symptom change (cause-correction hypothesis) or are predicted by symptom change (state-artifact position). We compared these theories in a clinical trial of the Unified Protocol (UP). Participants (N = 38; Mage = 34.55, 71.1% female, 78.9% Caucasian) meeting DSM-5 criteria for a primary emotional disorder completed up to 12 weekly sessions of the UP. Neuroticism exhibited state-level changes by Session 6 but trait-level changes by Session 12. Within-person reductions in neuroticism exhibited bidirectional relations with anxiety symptom change but predicted unidirectional session-to-session reductions in depression. These findings provide relatively more nuanced support for the cause-correction hypothesis that the UP leads to trait changes in neuroticism that tend to precede symptom change.
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9
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Roy TA, Bubier JA, Dickson PE, Wilcox TD, Ndukum J, Clark JW, Rizzo SJS, Crabbe JC, Denegre JM, Svenson KL, Braun RE, Kumar V, Murray SA, White JK, Philip VM, Chesler EJ. DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF GENES DRIVING DRUG-INTAKE AND RELATED BEHAVIORAL TRAITS IN MICE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.09.548280. [PMID: 37503148 PMCID: PMC10369854 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.09.548280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are heritable disorders characterized by compulsive drug use, but the biological mechanisms driving addiction remain largely unknown. Genetic correlations reveal that predisposing drug-naïve phenotypes, including anxiety, depression, novelty preference, and sensation seeking, are predictive of drug-use phenotypes, implicating shared genetic mechanisms. Because of this relationship, high-throughput behavioral screening of predictive phenotypes in knockout (KO) mice allows efficient discovery of genes likely to be involved in drug use. We used this strategy in two rounds of screening in which we identified 33 drug-use candidate genes and ultimately validated the perturbation of 22 of these genes as causal drivers of substance intake. In our initial round of screening, we employed the two-bottle-choice paradigms to assess alcohol, methamphetamine, and nicotine intake. We identified 19 KO strains that were extreme responders on at least one predictive phenotype. Thirteen of the 19 gene deletions (68%) significantly affected alcohol use three methamphetamine use, and two both. In the second round of screening, we employed a multivariate approach to identify outliers and performed validation using methamphetamine two-bottle choice and ethanol drinking-in-the-dark protocols. We identified 15 KO strains that were extreme responders across the predisposing drug-naïve phenotypes. Eight of the 15 gene deletions (53%) significantly affected intake or preference for three alcohol, eight methamphetamine or three both (3). We observed multiple relations between predisposing behaviors and drug intake, revealing many distinct biobehavioral processes underlying these relationships. The set of mouse models identified in this study can be used to characterize these addiction-related processes further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Price E. Dickson
- Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University Huntington, WV
| | | | | | | | - Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John C. Crabbe
- Oregon Health & Science University and VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
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10
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Rowe R. The irony of drinking to health and happiness. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:472-473. [PMID: 37271165 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rowe
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, UK.
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11
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Müller CP, Schumann G, Rehm J, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Self-management with alcohol over lifespan: psychological mechanisms, neurobiological underpinnings, and risk assessment. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2683-2696. [PMID: 37117460 PMCID: PMC10615763 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-management includes all behavioural measures and cognitive activities aimed at coping with challenges arising throughout the lifespan. While virtually all of these challenges can be met without pharmacological means, alcohol consumption has long been instrumentalized as a supporting tool to help coping with problems arising selectively at adolescence, adulthood, and ageing. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of alcohol instrumentalization throughout lifespan. We searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and CINAHL (from Jan, 1990, to Dec, 2022) and analysed consumption patterns, goals and potential neurobiological mechanisms. Evidence shows a regular non-addictive use of alcohol to self-manage developmental issues during adolescence, adulthood, and ageing. Alcohol is selectively used to overcome problems arising from dysfunctional personality traits, which manifest in adolescence. A large range of psychiatric disorders gives rise to alcohol use for the self-management of distinct symptoms starting mainly in adulthood. We identify those neuropharmacological effects of alcohol that selectively serve self-management under specific conditions. Finally, we discuss the adverse effects and associated risks that arise from the use of alcohol for self-management. Even well-controlled alcohol use adversely impacts health. Based on these findings, we suggest the implementation of an entirely new view. Health policy action may actively embrace both sides of the phenomenon through a personalized informed use that allows for harm-controlled self-management with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Gunter Schumann
- The Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS Centre, Charite Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, CCM, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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GÖKDAĞ C, KIZILTEPE R. Risk Factors in Depression and Anxiety Disorders from the Framework of Developmental Psychopathology. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1118163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders that negatively affect individuals’ life in many ways. Understanding how these highly comorbid emotional disorders develop and persist might guide prevention, intervention, and treatment studies. Some common vulnerability factors underlie depression and anxiety disorders. Developmental psychopathology deals with these vulnerabilities and risk factors from a lifetime perspective. The aim of this review is to present the risk factors associated with depression and anxiety from the perspective of developmental psychopathology. For this purpose, we discussed genetic and biological factors, temperament, negative childhood experiences, family and peer relationships, and some cognitive and emotional factors as risk factors. Also, we discussed how these risk factors lead to depression and anxiety disorders. This review emphasizes that some common transdiagnostic risk factors underlie emotional disorders and highlights the importance of a developmental psychopathology perspective to understand the developmental pathways of depression and anxiety disorders.
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13
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Castellini G, Merola GP, Baccaredda Boy O, Pecoraro V, Bozza B, Cassioli E, Rossi E, Bessi V, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Ricca V. Emotional dysregulation, alexithymia and neuroticism: a systematic review on the genetic basis of a subset of psychological traits. Psychiatr Genet 2023; 33:79-101. [PMID: 36729042 PMCID: PMC10158611 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroticism, alexithymia and emotion dysregulation are key traits and known risk factors for several psychiatric conditions. In this systematic review, the aim is to evaluate the genetic contribution to these psychological phenotypes. A systematic review of articles found in PubMed was conducted. Search terms included 'genetic', 'GWAS', 'neuroticism', 'alexithymia' and 'emotion dysregulation'. Risk of bias was assessed utilizing the STREGA checklist. Two hundred two papers were selected from existing literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among these, 27 were genome-wide studies and 175 were genetic association studies. Single gene association studies focused on selected groups of genes, mostly involved in neurotransmission, with conflicting results. GWAS studies on neuroticism, on the other hand, found several relevant and replicated intergenic and intronic loci affecting the expression and regulation of crucial and well-known genes (such as DRD2 and CRHR1). Mutations in genes coding for trascriptional factors were also found to be associated with neuroticism (DCC, XKR6, TCF4, RBFOX1), as well as a noncoding regulatory RNA (LINC00461). On the other hand, little GWAS data are available on alexythima and emotional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Valentina Bessi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Neurology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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14
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Ion A, Georgescu A, Iliescu D, Nye CD, Miu A. Events-Affect-Personality: A Daily Diary Investigation of the Mediating Effects of Affect on the Events-Personality Relationship. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231175363. [PMID: 37148303 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231175363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Our 10-day diary investigation anchored in dynamic personality theories, such as Whole Trait Theory examined (a) whether within-person variability in two broad personality traits Extraversion and Neuroticism is consistently predicted by daily events, (b) whether positive and negative affect, respectively partly mediate this relationship and (c) the lagged relationships between events, and next day variations in affect and personality. Results revealed that personality exhibited significant within-person variability, that positive and negative affect partly mediate the relationship between events and personality, affect accounting for up to 60% of the effects of events on personality. Additionally, we identified that event-affect congruency was accountable for larger effects compared to event-affect non-congruency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Ion
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Christopher D Nye
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrei Miu
- Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Toledo F, Carson F. Neurocircuitry of Personality Traits and Intent in Decision-Making. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:351. [PMID: 37232586 PMCID: PMC10215416 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though most personality features are moderately stable throughout life, changes can be observed, which influence one's behavioral patterns. A variety of subjective assessments can be performed to track these changes; however, the subjective characteristic of these assessments may lead to questions about intentions and values. The use of neuroimaging techniques may aid the investigation of personality traits through a more objective lens, overcoming the barriers imposed by confounders. Here, neurocircuits associated with changes in personality domains were investigated to address this issue. Cortical systems involved in traits such as extraversion and neuroticism were found to share multiple components, as did traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness, with these four features revolving around the activation and structural integrity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The attribute of openness appears scattered throughout cortical and subcortical regions, being discussed here as a possible reflection of intent, at the same time modulating and being governed by other traits. Insights on how systems operate on personality may increase comprehension on factors acting on the evolution, development, and consolidation of personality traits through life, as in neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felippe Toledo
- Department of Physiotherapy, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, L-4671 Differdange, Luxembourg;
- Luxembourg Health and Sport Sciences Research Institute A.S.B.L., L-4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Fraser Carson
- Luxembourg Health and Sport Sciences Research Institute A.S.B.L., L-4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, L-4671 Differdange, Luxembourg
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16
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Costantini I, Sallis H, Tilling K, Major‐Smith D, Pearson RM, Kounali D. Childhood trajectories of internalising and externalising problems associated with a polygenic risk score for neuroticism in a UK birth cohort study. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12141. [PMID: 37431323 PMCID: PMC10241477 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroticism represents a personality disposition towards experiencing negative emotions more frequently and intensely. Longitudinal studies suggest that neuroticism increases risk of several psychological problems. Improved understanding of how this trait manifests in early life could help inform preventative strategies in those liable to neuroticism. Methods This study explored how a polygenic risk score for neuroticism (NEU PRS) is expressed from infancy to late childhood across various psychological outcomes using multivariable linear and ordinal regression models. In addition, we employed a three-level mixed-effect model to characterise child internalising and externalising trajectories and estimate how a child PRS associated with both their overall levels and rates of change in 5279 children aged 3-11 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Results We found evidence that the NEU PRS was associated with a more emotionally sensitive temperament in early infancy in addition to higher emotional and behavioural problems and a higher risk of meeting diagnostic criteria for a variety of clinical disorders, particularly anxiety disorders, in childhood. The NEU PRS was associated with overall levels of internalising and externalising trajectories, with a larger magnitude of association on the internalising trajectory. The PRS was also associated with slower rates of reduction of internalising problems across childhood. Conclusions Our findings using a large, well-characterised birth cohort study suggest that phenotypic manifestations of a PRS for adult neuroticism can be detected as early as in infancy and that this PRS associates with several mental health problems and differences in emotional trajectories across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Costantini
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Hannah Sallis
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Kate Tilling
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Daniel Major‐Smith
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Centre for Academic Child HealthBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Rebecca M. Pearson
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of PsychologyManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Daphne‐Zacharenia Kounali
- Centre for Academic Mental HealthUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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17
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Hang Y, Speyer LG, Haring L, Murray AL, Mõttus R. Investigating general and specific psychopathology factors with nuance-level personality traits. Personal Ment Health 2023; 17:67-76. [PMID: 35959741 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mental health disorders share substantial variance, prompting researchers to develop structural models that can capture both generalised psychopathology risk and disorder/symptom-specific variation. This study investigated the associations of the general and specific psychopathology factors with multiple personality trait hierarchy levels: broad domains, their facets and nuances (N = 1839 Estonian adults). A bi-factor model with a general 'p' factor and specific factors for internalising problems, thought disorders and substance use best represented psychopathology structure. Although traits' predictive accuracy varied across psychopathology factors, nuances (the lowest level personality units) provided higher predictive accuracy and higher discriminant validity than domains. For example, traits related to high vulnerability, depression and immoderation and low friendliness and achievement striving were most strongly associated with the p factor. Nuances may prove useful for predicting and understanding general and specific psychopathology forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhan Hang
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liina Haring
- Psychiatry Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - René Mõttus
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Peng B, Liao J, Li Y, Jia G, Yang J, Wu Z, Zhang J, Yang Y, Luo X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pan J. Personality characteristics, defense styles, borderline symptoms, and non-suicidal self-injury in first-episode major depressive disorder. Front Psychol 2023; 14:989711. [PMID: 36777206 PMCID: PMC9909038 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.989711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is commonly seen in adolescents with depression and is a high-risk factor leading to suicide. The psychological mechanisms underlying depression with NSSI are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in personality traits, defensive styles, and borderline symptoms among first-episode youth patients with depression and self-injury compared with patients with depression without self-injury and healthy populations. Methods The current study recruited 188 participants, including 64 patients with depression and NSSI, 60 patients with depression without NSSI, and 64 healthy control subjects. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, the Defense Style Questionnaire, the short version of the Borderline Symptom List, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory were used to assess all participants. Results Patients with depression and NSSI showed more psychoticism than patients with depression without NSSI and healthy control subjects. Patients with depression and NSSI presented more intermediate defense styles than healthy control subjects. In the patients with depression and NSSI group, the frequency of self-injury in the last week was negatively correlated with mature defense styles and positively correlated with depressive symptoms and borderline symptoms. Further regression analysis showed that EPQ-psychoticism and depressive symptoms were independent risk factors for NSSI in patients with depression. Conclusion This study found that patients with depression and self-injury presented more neuroticism, introversion, EPQ-psychoticism, immature defenses, intermediate defenses, and borderline symptoms. Self-injury frequency was negatively correlated with mature defense styles and positively correlated with depressive symptoms and borderline symptoms. EPQ-Psychoticism and depressive symptoms are risk factors for predicting non-suicidal self-injury in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Department of Depressive Disorder, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiwu Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guangbo Jia
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjia Yang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Luo
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Depressive Disorder, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Depressive Disorder, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Yingli Zhang, ✉
| | - Jiyang Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Jiyang Pan, ✉
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19
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Chitre AS, Hebda-Bauer EK, Blandino P, Bimschleger H, Nguyen KM, Maras P, Li F, Ozel AB, Pan Y, Polesskaya O, Cheng R, Flagel SB, Watson SJ, Li J, Akil H, Palmer AA. Genome-wide association study in a rat model of temperament identifies multiple loci for exploratory locomotion and anxiety-like traits. Front Genet 2023; 13:1003074. [PMID: 36712851 PMCID: PMC9873817 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Common genetic factors likely contribute to multiple psychiatric diseases including mood and substance use disorders. Certain stable, heritable traits reflecting temperament, termed externalizing or internalizing, play a large role in modulating vulnerability to these disorders. To model these heritable tendencies, we selectively bred rats for high and low exploration in a novel environment [bred High Responders (bHR) vs. Low Responders (bLR)]. To identify genes underlying the response to selection, we phenotyped and genotyped 538 rats from an F2 cross between bHR and bLR. Several behavioral traits show high heritability, including the selection trait: exploratory locomotion (EL) in a novel environment. There were significant phenotypic and genetic correlations between tests that capture facets of EL and anxiety. There were also correlations with Pavlovian conditioned approach (PavCA) behavior despite the lower heritability of that trait. Ten significant and conditionally independent loci for six behavioral traits were identified. Five of the six traits reflect different facets of EL that were captured by three behavioral tests. Distance traveled measures from the open field and the elevated plus maze map onto different loci, thus may represent different aspects of novelty-induced locomotor activity. The sixth behavioral trait, number of fecal boli, is the only anxiety-related trait mapping to a significant locus on chromosome 18 within which the Pik3c3 gene is located. There were no significant loci for PavCA. We identified a missense variant in the Plekhf1 gene on the chromosome 1:95 Mb QTL and Fancf and Gas2 as potential candidate genes that may drive the chromosome 1:107 Mb QTL for EL traits. The identification of a locomotor activity-related QTL on chromosome 7 encompassing the Pkhd1l1 and Trhr genes is consistent with our previous finding of these genes being differentially expressed in the hippocampus of bHR vs. bLR rats. The strong heritability coupled with identification of several loci associated with exploratory locomotion and emotionality provide compelling support for this selectively bred rat model in discovering relatively large effect causal variants tied to elements of internalizing and externalizing behaviors inherent to psychiatric and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva S. Chitre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elaine K. Hebda-Bauer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter Blandino
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hannah Bimschleger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Khai-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Maras
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fei Li
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A. Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yanchao Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Oksana Polesskaya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Riyan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelly B. Flagel
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Abraham A. Palmer,
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20
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Yang XY, Morton P, Yang F, Fang B. The Moderation Role of Neuroticism for Anxiety among Burdened Dementia Caregivers: A Study on Care Giver-Recipient Dyads. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:692-710. [PMID: 34985409 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.2019164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Caregiving burden proves to be a risk factor of anxiety disorders and anxiety affection. The current study investigates how an endogenous personality dimension - neuroticism - moderates the association between caregiving burden and anxiety affection. Between 2015 and 2017, the study deployed a cross-sectional survey of 674 (response rate = 89%) older adults who were hospitalized for dementia at two hospitals. From all primary caregivers of these patients, 661 agreed to participate in the survey which yielded 661 matched dyads as the final sample. Caregiving burden, neuroticism, and anxiety affection were each measured by established assessment instruments. We employed multivariate OLS regression to test the moderator and regressor effects. We found that care burden is a significant risk factor of higher levels of anxiety affection (β = .17, p < .001), and accounts for 4.6% of the variance in anxiety. Neurotic personality is also significantly associated with a greater level of anxiety (β = .26, p < .001). Neurotic personality moderates the association between anxiety and care burden (β = .24, p < .001). Our findings suggest that social and healthcare workers should assess caregiver personality and burden as well as provide support, resources, and coping strategies to those with neurotic personality traits or high care burden in an effort to reduce anxiety among caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Yousef Yang
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patricia Morton
- Department of Sociology/Department of Public Health, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fangying Yang
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boye Fang
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Ji W, Sang C, Zhang X, Zhu K, Bo L. Personality, Preoperative Anxiety, and Postoperative Outcomes: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12162. [PMID: 36231463 PMCID: PMC9565184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that personality is associated with anxiety levels in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship between personality and preoperative anxiety and the subsequent health outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Therefore, this review aimed to identify studies that explored the relationship between personality traits and preoperative anxiety, as well as their association with postoperative outcomes. Existing literature shows that anxiety may play an intermediary role in the relationship between personality and postoperative outcomes. Severe anxiety may partially explain the adverse effects of certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, on postoperative outcomes. However, the relationship between personality traits, preoperative anxiety, and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. Interventions such as clinical evaluation, preoperative counseling, and management strategies can be of great value in identifying and resolving patients' anxiety and negative emotions to improve postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Ji
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Sang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Keming Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lulong Bo
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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22
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Zhang B, Zhuge Y, Yin Z. Design and implementation of an EEG-based recognition mechanism for the openness trait of the Big Five. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926256. [PMID: 36161161 PMCID: PMC9490266 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation between the openness and other dimensions of the Big Five personality model indicates that it is necessary to design a specific paradigm as a supplement to the Big Five recognition. The present study examined the relationship between one's openness trait of the Big Five model and the task-related power change of upper alpha band (10–12 Hz). We found that individuals from the high openness group displayed a stronger alpha synchronization over a frontal area in symbolic reasoning task, while the reverse applied in the deductive reasoning task. The results indicated that these two kinds of reasoning tasks could be used as supplement of the Big Five recognition. Besides, we divided one's openness score into three levels and proposed a hybrid-SNN (Spiking Neural Networks)-ANN (Analog Neural Networks) architecture based on EEGNet to recognize one's openness level, named Spike-EEGNet. The recognition accuracy of the two tasks was 90.6 and 92.2%. This result was highly significant for the validation of using a model with hybrid-SNN-ANN architecture for EEG-based openness trait recognition.
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23
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Ho CSH, Chua J, Tay GWN. The diagnostic and predictive potential of personality traits and coping styles in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:301. [PMID: 35484526 PMCID: PMC9047339 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global public health concern that is notably underdiagnosed and undertreated due to its complexity and subjective diagnostic methods. A holistic diagnostic procedure, which sufficiently considers all possible contributors to MDD symptoms, would improve MDD diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to explore whether personality and coping styles can predict MDD status and differentiate between depressed patients and healthy individuals. METHODS Seventy healthy controls (N = 54 females) were matched to 70 MDD patients for age, sex, ethnicity, and years of education. MDD severity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, while personality traits and coping styles were measured by the Ten-Item Personality (TIPI) and Brief COPE questionnaires, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the diagnostic and predictive potential of personality and coping styles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were also conducted to examine their discriminative ability to distinguish between depressed and healthy individuals. RESULTS Introversion, lack of organisation skills, and neuroticism were statistically significant in predicting MDD status. Dysfunctional coping strategies, such as denial and self-blame, were also shown to significantly predict MDD status. ROC analyses found both the TIPI questionnaire (AUC = 0.90), and dysfunctional coping (as measured by Brief COPE) (AUC = 0.90) to be excellent predictors of MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the diagnostic and predictive potential of personality and coping styles for MDD in the clinical setting. They also demonstrate the remarkable ability of personality and coping styles to differentiate between depressed patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus S. H. Ho
- grid.410759.e0000 0004 0451 6143Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. Chua
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabrielle W. N. Tay
- grid.410759.e0000 0004 0451 6143Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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Rinella S, Massimino S, Sorbello A, Perciavalle V, Coco M. Cognitive Performances: The Role of Digit Ratio (D2:D4) With a Protective Factor for Anxiety. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2022; 3:870362. [PMID: 38235465 PMCID: PMC10790902 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.870362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify a possible correlation between the D2:D4 ratio and state and/or trait anxiety in adult healthy subjects and, if so, whether it exists any difference between men and women. In addition, we also wanted to observe whether there is a relationship between participants' age and state and/or trait anxiety. The research involved 125 subjects of both sexes, who were calculated the D2:D4 ratio and were administered the self-assessment questionnaire State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Results show that there are positive significant correlations between the D2:D4 ratio and score at state anxiety and trait anxiety, in the total sample. However, if men are examined separately from women, it can be observed that only men have a statistically significant relationship between D2:D4 ratios and state anxiety and trait anxiety. Moreover, about possible relations between the age of participants and state and trait anxiety, a significant negative relationship was observed, without differences between men and women. However, only subjects with a D2:D4 ratio ≥ 1, without differences between men and women, showed a statistically significant negative linear correlation between their age and their state and trait anxiety. The present data allow us to conclude that a low D2:D4 ratio (<1) represents a protective factor against anxiety in both men and women and that this protection seems likely to act throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rinella
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Massimino
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Sorbello
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Marinella Coco
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Kreuzer M, Gollwitzer M. Neuroticism and satisfaction in romantic relationships: A systematic investigation of intra- and interpersonal processes with a longitudinal approach. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022; 36:149-179. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Relationship satisfaction—the degree to which a close relationship is perceived as rewarding and satisfying by both partners—is reliably predicted by both partners’ neuroticism, but the psychological mechanisms underlying this effect are not sufficiently well understood. By analyzing several cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes simultaneously, the current longitudinal study looked at how both partners’ neuroticism affects their respective (and mutual) relationship satisfaction both on an intra- and on an interpersonal level. Dyadic data from 2090 heterosexual couples from the “Pairfam” study were analyzed with Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Models (APIMeM). Results support the assumption that neuroticism reliably predicts cognitive, emotional, and behavioral variables, which, in turn, predict both partners’ relationship satisfaction. Importantly, cognitive processes play a particularly important role both on an interpersonal as well as on an intrapersonal level. These findings help to shed light on the maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes underlying the effect of neuroticism on relationship satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Kreuzer
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mario Gollwitzer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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Dissecting the Association of Genetically Predicted Neuroticism with Coronary Artery Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020288. [PMID: 35207779 PMCID: PMC8877774 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies on the association between neuroticism and coronary artery disease (CAD) are still rare, and the results of existing studies are not consistent. The present study aimed to explore causal associations of neuroticism with CAD. Methods: The summary-level data of GWAS for neuroticism and 12 items used to assess neuroticism were extracted from the UK Biobank, and included up to 380,506 participants. The general data for CAD were obtained from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium, which assembled 60,801 CAD patients and 123,504 non-cases. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with neuroticism and 12 items at genome-wide significance were explored as instrumental variables. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analyses were performed to evaluate causal associations amongst the genetically predicted neuroticism and 12 items with CAD. Results: The present TSMR study did not reveal the genetic association of neuroticism with CAD. The calculated ORs for CAD using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger analysis were 1.12 (p-value = 0.187), 0.99 (p-value = 0.943), and 0.82 (p-value = 0.683), respectively. Further TSMR analysis of 12 dichotomous items for assessing neuroticism suggested that mood swings genetically increased the risk of CAD (OR = 1.67, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: This study reported no genetically causal association of neuroticism with CAD. The present study also found that mood swings may genetically increase the risk of CAD. These findings may highlight the potential of mood control as a preventive measure for CAD.
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Khamis V. Neuroticism as Mediator and Moderator Between War Atrocities and Psychopathology in Syrian Refugee Children and Adolescents. Front Psychol 2022; 13:811920. [PMID: 35153961 PMCID: PMC8829386 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the extensive research on war atrocities and risk factors for psychopathology, there is a paucity of research on the potential mediating and moderating effect of neuroticism in refugee children and adolescents. Objective This study aimed to analyze whether neuroticism mediated and/or moderated the relationship between war atrocities and different types of psychopathology in Syrian refugee children and adolescents who resettled in Lebanon and Jordan. Participants and Setting Participants were 1,000 Syrian refugee children and adolescents of both sexes. Methods Questionnaires were administered in an interview format with children at school by two trained psychologists. Descriptive statistics and inter-correlations among variables were used Then the mediator and moderator effect of neuroticism in the relationship between war atrocities and posttraumatic stress, emotion regulation and behavioral and emotional disorders were examined. Results A partial mediating effect of neuroticism on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emotion dysregulation, and emotional and behavioral disorders was revealed. Findings also indicated full moderating effects of neuroticism on PTSD as well as partial moderating effects on emotion dysregulation, and emotional and behavioral. Conclusions Findings contribute to the neuroticism literature by showing that high-N children develop more problems that are psychopathological and have more severe affective reactions to war atrocities in post- resettlement contexts. Early interventions aimed to reduce neuroticism might contribute to a better prognosis in refugee children at high-risk for psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Khamis
- Department of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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28
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Ortelbach N, Rote J, Dingelstadt AML, Stolzenburg A, Koenig C, O'Malley G, Quinlivan E, Fiebig J, Pfeiffer S, König B, Simhandl C, Bauer M, Pfennig A, Stamm TJ. The big five model in bipolar disorder: a latent profile analysis and its impact on longterm illness severity. Int J Bipolar Disord 2022; 10:1. [PMID: 35041119 PMCID: PMC8766615 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using a personality typing approach, we investigated the relationship between personality profiles and the prediction of longterm illness severity in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). While previous research suggests associations between BD and traits from the NEO-FFI profiles, the current study firstly aimed to identify latent classes of NEO-FFI profiles, and, secondly, to examine their impact on the longterm prognosis of BD. Methods Based on the NEO-FFI profiles of 134 euthymic patients diagnosed with BD (64.2% female, mean age = 44.3 years), successive latent profile analyses were conducted. Subsequently, a subsample (n = 80) was examined prospectively by performing multiple regression analysis of the latent classes to evaluate the longitudinal course of the disease (mean: 54.7 weeks) measured using a modified Morbidity Index. Results The latent profile analyses suggested a 3-class model typifying in a resilient (n = 68, 51%), vulnerable (n = 55, 41%) and highly vulnerable (n = 11, 8%) class. In the regression analysis, higher vulnerability predicted a higher longterm Morbidity Index (R2 = 0.28). Conclusions Subgroups of patients with BD share a number of discrete personality features and their illness is characterized by a similar clinical course. This knowledge is valuable in a variety of clinical contexts including early detection, intervention planning and treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ortelbach
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Rote
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alice Mai Ly Dingelstadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stolzenburg
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Koenig
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Grace O'Malley
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Quinlivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Fiebig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffi Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christian Simhandl
- Bipolar Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas J Stamm
- Department of Psychology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, 16816, Neuruppin, Germany. .,Schloss Luetgenhof Hospital, Centre for Personal Medicine, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Dassow, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.
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29
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Kaçar-Başaran S, Arkar H. Common vulnerability factors in obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders: a transdiagnostic hierarchical model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Tozzi L, Anene ET, Gotlib IH, Wintermark M, Kerr AB, Wu H, Seok D, Narr KL, Sheline YI, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Williams LM. Convergence, preliminary findings and future directions across the four human connectome projects investigating mood and anxiety disorders. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118694. [PMID: 34732328 PMCID: PMC8727513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we provide an overview of the rationale, methods, and preliminary results of the four Connectome Studies Related to Human Disease investigating mood and anxiety disorders. The first study, "Dimensional connectomics of anxious misery" (HCP-DAM), characterizes brain-symptom relations of a transdiagnostic sample of anxious misery disorders. The second study, "Human connectome Project for disordered emotional states" (HCP-DES), tests a hypothesis-driven model of brain circuit dysfunction in a sample of untreated young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety. The third study, "Perturbation of the treatment resistant depression connectome by fast-acting therapies" (HCP-MDD), quantifies alterations of the structural and functional connectome as a result of three fast-acting interventions: electroconvulsive therapy, serial ketamine therapy, and total sleep deprivation. Finally, the fourth study, "Connectomes related to anxiety and depression in adolescents" (HCP-ADA), investigates developmental trajectories of subtypes of anxiety and depression in adolescence. The four projects use comparable and standardized Human Connectome Project magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, including structural MRI, diffusion-weighted MRI, and both task and resting state functional MRI. All four projects also conducted comprehensive and convergent clinical and neuropsychological assessments, including (but not limited to) demographic information, clinical diagnoses, symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders, negative and positive affect, cognitive function, and exposure to early life stress. The first round of analyses conducted in the four projects offered novel methods to investigate relations between functional connectomes and self-reports in large datasets, identified new functional correlates of symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders, characterized the trajectory of connectome-symptom profiles over time, and quantified the impact of novel treatments on aberrant connectivity. Taken together, the data obtained and reported by the four Connectome Studies Related to Human Disease investigating mood and anxiety disorders describe a rich constellation of convergent biological, clinical, and behavioral phenotypes that span the peak ages for the onset of emotional disorders. These data are being prepared for open sharing with the scientific community following screens for quality by the Connectome Coordinating Facility (CCF). The CCF also plans to release data from all projects that have been pre-processed using identical state-of-the-art pipelines. The resultant dataset will give researchers the opportunity to pool complementary data across the four projects to study circuit dysfunctions that may underlie mood and anxiety disorders, to map cohesive relations among circuits and symptoms, and to probe how these relations change as a function of age and acute interventions. This large and combined dataset may also be ideal for using data-driven analytic approaches to inform neurobiological targets for future clinical trials and interventions focused on clinical or behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tozzi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Esther T Anene
- Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | | | | | - Adam B Kerr
- Center for Cognitive and Neurobiological Imaging, Stanford University, CA, USA; Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Darsol Seok
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yvette I Sheline
- Neurology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | - Leanne M Williams
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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31
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Maples-Keller JL, Hyatt CS, Sleep CE, Stevens JS, Fenlon EE, Jovanovic T, Rothbaum BO, Ressler KJ, Carter S, Bradley B, Fani N, Powers A, Michopoulos V. DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders trait domains and PTSD symptoms in a sample of highly traumatized African American women and a prospective sample of trauma center patients. Personal Disord 2021; 12:491-502. [PMID: 33444034 PMCID: PMC8277882 DOI: 10.1037/per0000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a specified precipitant (i.e., trauma), and thus, is particularly well-suited to examine risk and maintenance factors for the development of the disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) is based, in part, on a dimensional trait model; previous research suggests that personality traits are related to PTSD symptoms. To date, there is little research examining this model with regard to PTSD symptoms, and such research could elucidate new strategies for identification and prevention. The present study investigates associations between AMPD traits and PTSD symptoms in a cross-sectional high-risk sample (N = 490; 100% female; 97.8% African American) and in a prospective, longitudinal sample of Level 1 trauma center patients (N = 185; 46.8% female; 72.5% African American). The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form domains were significantly associated with PTSD total symptom severity and symptom clusters across both self-report and clinical interview measures. Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism emerged as significant predictors of concurrent PTSD. When prospectively predicting PTSD symptoms in the longitudinal cohort, Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism were significant predictors of PTSD symptom severity. These findings indicate how the DSM-5 AMPD pathological traits are associated with risk for stress-related disorders cross-sectionally and prospectively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Emily E. Fenlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Barbara O. Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Sierra Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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32
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Seok D, Beer J, Jaskir M, Smyk N, Jaganjac A, Makhoul W, Cook P, Elliott M, Shinohara R, Sheline YI. Differential Impact of Anxious Misery Psychopathology on Multiple Representations of the Functional Connectome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:489-499. [PMID: 36324648 PMCID: PMC9616351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One aim of characterizing dimensional psychopathology is associating different domains of affective dysfunction with brain circuitry. The functional connectome, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, can be modeled and associated with psychopathology through multiple methods; some methods assess univariate relationships while others summarize broad patterns of activity. It remains unclear whether different dimensions of psychopathology require different representations of the connectome to generate reproducible associations. Methods Patients experiencing anxious misery symptomology (depression, anxiety, and trauma; n = 192) received resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Three modeling approaches (seed-based correlation analysis, edgewise regression, and brain basis set modeling), each relying on increasingly broader representations of the functional connectome, were used to associate connectivity patterns with six data-driven dimensions of psychopathology: anxiety sensitivity, anxious arousal, rumination, anhedonia, insomnia, and negative affect. To protect against overfitting, 50 participants were held out in a testing dataset, leaving 142 participants as training data. Results Different modeling approaches varied in the extent to which they could model different symptom dimensions: seed-based correlation analysis failed to reproducibly model any symptoms, subsets of the connectome (edgewise regression) were sufficient to model insomnia and anxious arousal, and broad representations of the entire connectome (brain basis set modeling) were necessary to model negative affect and ruminative thought. Conclusions These results indicate that different methods of representing the functional connectome differ in the degree that they can model different symptom dimensions, highlighting the potential sufficiency of subsets of connections for some dimensions and the necessity of connectome-wide approaches in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darsol Seok
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanne Beer
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marc Jaskir
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Smyk
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adna Jaganjac
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walid Makhoul
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip Cook
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Russell Shinohara
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yvette I. Sheline
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Address correspondence to Yvette I. Sheline, M.D., M.S.
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Barchi-Ferreira Bel AM, Osório FL. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5: Psychometric Evidence of Validity and Reliability-Updates. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2021; 28:225-237. [PMID: 32692087 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of the literature on the psychometric characteristics of different versions of the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (PID-5) and to integrate the current findings with those of previous reviews by Al Dajani and colleagues (2015) and Watters and Bagby (2018). METHODS This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses protocol. PubMed, PsycINFO, SciELO, Web of Science, and LILACS were searched using two keywords: personality AND DSM-5. Studies published from 2015 to 2018 were included. RESULTS Sixty-four new studies were evaluated. The PID-5-self-report form (SRF) was concluded to have a factorial structure consisting of five factors and 25 facets, as well as excellent indicators of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity with different personality instruments and with other clinical constructs. The form also has predictive and discriminative potential, warranting further exploration in studies with samples of personality disorders in relation to different parameters and not only the diagnostic algorithm of DSM-5 Section III. The brief and informant versions, although less studied, also showed good psychometric indicators, comparable to the original version. CONCLUSIONS The PID-5 showed psychometric suitability for use in different cultures and contexts. The form's use in clinical practice and as a means of operationalizing the diagnostic evaluation of the DSM-5 dimensional model is promising and should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Barchi-Ferreira Bel
- From the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University; National Institute for Science and Technology (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil (Dr. Osório)
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Sauer-Zavala S, Fournier JC, Steele SJ, Woods BK, Wang M, Farchione TJ, Barlow DH. Does the unified protocol really change neuroticism? Results from a randomized trial. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2378-2387. [PMID: 32312357 PMCID: PMC7678331 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroticism is associated with the onset and maintenance of a number of mental health conditions, as well as a number of deleterious outcomes (e.g. physical health problems, higher divorce rates, lost productivity, and increased treatment seeking); thus, the consideration of whether this trait can be addressed in treatment is warranted. To date, outcome research has yielded mixed results regarding neuroticism's responsiveness to treatment, perhaps due to the fact that study interventions are typically designed to target disorder symptoms rather than neuroticism itself. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether a course of treatment with the unified protocol (UP), a transdiagnostic intervention that was explicitly developed to target neuroticism, results in greater reductions in neuroticism compared to gold-standard, symptom focused cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) protocols and a waitlist (WL) control condition. METHOD Patients with principal anxiety disorders (N = 223) were included in this study. They completed a validated self-report measure of neuroticism, as well as clinician-rated measures of psychological symptoms. RESULTS At week 16, participants in the UP condition exhibited significantly lower levels of neuroticism than participants in the symptom-focused CBT (t(218) = -2.17, p = 0.03, d = -0.32) and WL conditions(t(207) = -2.33, p = 0.02, d = -0.43), and these group differences remained after controlling for simultaneous fluctuations in depression and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Treatment effects on neuroticism may be most robust when this trait is explicitly targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay C. Fournier
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Brittany K. Woods
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd J. Farchione
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David H. Barlow
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Anderson GN, Tung ES, Brown TA, Rosellini AJ. Facets of Emotion Regulation and Emotional Disorder Symptom Dimensions: Differential Associations and Incremental Validity in a Large Clinical Sample. Behav Ther 2021; 52:917-931. [PMID: 34134831 PMCID: PMC9077329 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A growing literature suggests robust associations between dimensions of emotion regulation and emotional disorder psychopathology. However, limited research has investigated associations of emotion regulation dimensions across several emotional disorders (transdiagnostic associations), or the incremental validity of emotion regulation versus the higher-order construct of neuroticism. The current study used exploratory structural equation modeling and a large clinical sample (N = 1,138) to: (a) develop a multidimensional emotion regulation measurement model, (b) evaluate the differential associations between latent emotion regulation dimensions and five latent emotional disorder symptom dimensions (social anxiety, depression, agoraphobia/panic, obsessions/compulsions, generalized worry), and (c) determine the incremental contribution of emotion regulation in predicting symptom dimensions beyond neuroticism. The best-fitting measurement model of emotion regulation included four dimensions: Problematic Responses, Poor Recognition/Clarity, Negative Thinking, and Emotional Inhibition/Suppression. Although many zero-order associations between the four latent emotion regulation dimensions and five latent symptom dimensions were significant, few associations remained significant in a structural regression model that included neuroticism. Specifically, Negative Thinking and Problematic Responses incrementally predicted depression symptoms, while Emotional Inhibition/Suppression predicted both social anxiety and depression symptoms. Associations between neuroticism and the emotional disorder dimensions were similar regardless of whether the emotion regulation dimensions were held constant. These results suggest that self-reported emotion regulation dimensions are associated with the severity and expression of a range of emotional disorder symptoms, but that some emotion regulation dimensions have limited incremental validity after accounting for general emotional reactivity. Studies of emotion regulation should assess neuroticism as a key covariate.
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Magal N, Hendler T, Admon R. Is neuroticism really bad for you? Dynamics in personality and limbic reactivity prior to, during and following real-life combat stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100361. [PMID: 34286052 PMCID: PMC8274340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality trait of neuroticism is considered a risk factor for stress vulnerability, putatively via its association with elevated limbic reactivity. Nevertheless, majority of evidence to date that relates neuroticism, neural reactivity and stress vulnerability stems from cross-sectional studies conducted in a “stress-free” environment. Here, using a unique prospective longitudinal design, we assessed personality, stress-related symptoms and neural reactivity at three time points over the course of four and a half years; accounting for prior to, during, and long-time following a stressful military service that included active combat. Results revealed that despite exposure to multiple potentiality traumatic events, majority of soldiers exhibited none-to-mild levels of posttraumatic and depressive symptoms during and following their military service. In contrast, a quadratic pattern of change in personality emerged overtime, with neuroticism being the only personality trait to increase during stressful military service and subsequently decrease following discharge. Elevated neuroticism during military service was associated with reduced amygdala and hippocampus activation in response to stress-related content, and this association was also reversed following discharge. A similar pattern was found between neuroticism and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional connectivity in response to stress-related content. Taken together these findings suggest that stressful military service at young adulthood may yield a temporary increase in neuroticism mediated by a temporary decrease in limbic reactivity, with both effects being reversed long-time following discharge. Considering that participants exhibited low levels of stress-related symptoms throughout the study period, these dynamic patterns may depict behavioral and neural mechanisms that facilitate stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Magal
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Tel-Aviv Center for Brain Function, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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37
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Schetsche C, Mustaca AE. Attachment Styles, Personality, and Frustration Intolerance. Health Psychol Res 2021; 9:24551. [DOI: 10.52965/001c.24551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhang F, Baranova A, Zhou C, Cao H, Chen J, Zhang X, Xu M. Causal influences of neuroticism on mental health and cardiovascular disease. Hum Genet 2021; 140:1267-1281. [PMID: 33973063 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between neuroticism and 16 mental and 18 physical traits using summary results of genome-wide association studies for these traits. LD score regression was used to investigate genetic correlations between neuroticism and the 34 health outcomes. Mendelian randomization was performed to investigate mutual causal relationships between neuroticism and the 34 health outcomes. Neuroticism genetically correlates with a majority of health-related traits and confers causal effects on 12 mental traits (major depressive disorder (MDD), insomnia, subjective well-being (SWB, negatively), schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, alcohol dependence, loneliness, anorexia nervosa, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and psychiatric disorders) and two physical diseases (cardiovascular disease and hypertensive disease). Conversely, MDD, SWB, and insomnia have a causal effect on neuroticism. We highlighted key genes contributing to the causal associations between neuroticism and MDD, including RBFOX1, RERE, SOX5, and TCF4, and those contributing to the causal associations between neuroticism and cardiovascular diseases, including MAD1L1, ARNTL, RERE, and SOX6. The present study indicates that genetic variation mediates the causal influences of neuroticism on mental health and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, 20110, USA.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, 20110, USA
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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State anxiety influences P300 and P600 event-related potentials over parietal regions in the hollow-mask illusion experiment. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 4:e2. [PMID: 33954275 PMCID: PMC8057463 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2020.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hollow-mask illusion is an optical illusion where a concave face is perceived as convex. It has been demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia and anxiety are less susceptible to the illusion than controls. Previous research has shown that the P300 and P600 event-related potentials (ERPs) are affected in individuals with schizophrenia. Here, we examined whether individual differences in neuroticism and anxiety scores, traits that have been suggested to be risk factors for schizophrenia and anxiety disorders, affect ERPs of healthy participants while they view concave faces. Our results confirm that the participants were susceptible to the illusion, misperceiving concave faces as convex. We additionally demonstrate significant interactions of the concave condition with state anxiety in central and parietal electrodes for P300 and parietal areas for P600, but not with neuroticism and trait anxiety. The state anxiety interactions were driven by low-state anxiety participants showing lower amplitudes for concave faces compared to convex. The P300 and P600 amplitudes were smaller when a concave face activated a convex face memory representation, since the stimulus did not match the active representation. The opposite pattern was evident in high-state anxiety participants in regard to state anxiety interaction and the hollow-mask illusion, demonstrating larger P300 and P600 amplitudes to concave faces suggesting impaired late information processing in this group. This could be explained by impaired allocation of attentional resources in high-state anxiety leading to hyperarousal to concave faces that are unexpected mismatches to standard memory representations, as opposed to expected convex faces.
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Gard AM, Ware EB, Hyde LW, Schmitz LL, Faul J, Mitchell C. Phenotypic and genetic markers of psychopathology in a population-based sample of older adults. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:239. [PMID: 33895785 PMCID: PMC8068727 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although psychiatric phenotypes are hypothesized to organize into a two-factor internalizing-externalizing structure, few studies have evaluated the structure of psychopathology in older adults, nor explored whether genome-wide polygenic scores (PGSs) are associated with psychopathology in a domain-specific manner. We used data from 6003 individuals of European ancestry from the Health and Retirement Study, a large population-based sample of older adults in the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses were applied to validated measures of psychopathology and PGSs were derived from well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genomic SEM was implemented to construct latent PGSs for internalizing, externalizing, and general psychopathology. Phenotypically, the data were best characterized by a single general factor of psychopathology, a factor structure that was replicated across genders and age groups. Although externalizing PGSs (cannabis use, antisocial behavior, alcohol dependence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were not associated with any phenotypes, PGSs for major depressive disorder, neuroticism, and anxiety disorders were associated with both internalizing and externalizing phenotypes. Moreover, the variance explained in the general factor of psychopathology increased by twofold (from 1% to 2%) using the latent internalizing or latent one-factor PGSs, derived using weights from Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), compared with any of the individual PGSs. Collectively, results suggest that genetic risk factors for and phenotypic markers of psychiatric disorders are transdiagnostic in older adults of European ancestry. Alternative explanations are discussed, including methodological limitations of GWAS and phenotypic measurement of psychiatric outcome in large-scale population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna M Gard
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin B Ware
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren L Schmitz
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica Faul
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Ludwig M, Richter M, Goltermann J, Redlich R, Repple J, Flint C, Grotegerd D, Koch K, Leehr EJ, Meinert S, Hülsmann C, Enneking V, Kugel H, Hahn T, Baune BT, Dannlowski U, Opel N. Novelty seeking is associated with increased body weight and orbitofrontal grey matter volume reduction. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 126:105148. [PMID: 33513455 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Novelty seeking (NS) has previously been identified as a personality trait that is associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) and obesity. Of note, both obesity and reduced impulse control - a core feature of NS - have previously been associated with grey matter volume (GMV) reductions in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Yet, it remains unknown, if body weight-related grey matter decline in the OFC might be explained by higher levels of NS. To address this question, we studied associations between NS, BMI and brain structure in 355 healthy subjects. Brain images were pre-processed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was used to assess NS. NS and BMI were associated positively (r = .137, p = .01) with NS being a significant predictor of BMI (B = 0.172; SE B = 0.05; ß = 0.184; p = 0.001). Significant associations between BMI and GMV specifically in the OFC (x = -44, y = 56, z = -2, t(350) = 4.34, k = 5, pFWE = 0.011) did not uphold when correcting for NS in the model. In turn, a significant negative association between NS and OFC GMV was found independent of BMI (x = -2, y = 48, z = -10, t(349) = 4.42, k = 88, pFWE = 0.008). Body mass-related grey matter decrease outside the OFC could not be attributed to NS. Our results suggest that body-weight-related orbitofrontal grey matter reduction can at least partly be linked to higher levels of NS. Given the pivotal role of the OFC in overweight as well as cognitive domains such as impulse inhibition, executive control and reward processing, its association with NS seems to provide a tenable neurobiological correlate for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ludwig
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Germany
| | | | - Claas Flint
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Harald Kugel
- Institute of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany.
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42
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Liu X, Lai H, Li J, Becker B, Zhao Y, Cheng B, Wang S. Gray matter structures associated with neuroticism: A meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2706-2721. [PMID: 33704850 PMCID: PMC8127153 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is major higher-order personality trait and has been robustly associated with mental and physical health outcomes. Although a growing body of studies have identified neurostructural markers of neuroticism, the results remained highly inconsistent. To characterize robust associations between neuroticism and variations in gray matter (GM) structures, the present meta-analysis investigated the concurrence across voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies using the anisotropic effect size signed differential mapping (AES-SDM). A total of 13 studies comprising 2,278 healthy subjects (1,275 females, 29.20 ± 14.17 years old) were included. Our analysis revealed that neuroticism was consistently associated with the GM structure of a cluster spanning the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and extending to the adjacent medial prefrontal cortex (dACC/mPFC). Meta-regression analyses indicated that the neuroticism-GM associations were not confounded by age and gender. Overall, our study is the first whole-brain meta-analysis exploring the brain structural correlates of neuroticism, and the findings may have implications for the intervention of high-neuroticism individuals, who are at risk of mental disorders, by targeting the dACC/mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqin Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingguang Li
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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43
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Burcaş S, Creţu RZ. Perfectionism and Neuroticism: Evidence for a common genetic and environmental etiology. J Pers 2021; 89:819-830. [PMID: 33454994 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent meta-analyses have shown that perfectionism dimensions display significant relationships with the Big Five factors, with the strongest associations being detected between perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism. To date, no research investigating the etiologic factors underlying these relationships has been conducted. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to address this literature gap by exploring the genetic and environmental influences that explain the phenotypic associations between perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism. METHOD We used a multivariate twin design and tested two theoretical genetic models, an Independent and a Common Pathway model, on a sample of 678 Romanian twins. RESULTS Univariate estimates showed that perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism are moderately heritable (32%-46%). Multivariate analyses revealed that their phenotypic relationships were largely explained by additive genetic factors (rg between .58 and .73). The best-fit Independent Pathway model indicated that perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism were influenced directly by some common genetic and environmental factors accounting for approximately half of their individual variance. CONCLUSION The overlap between perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism is mainly explained by a common genetic etiology. However, perfectionistic concerns and Neuroticism are still distinct personality features as their variances are also influenced by specific genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Burcaş
- Department of Psychology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Romeo Zeno Creţu
- Department of Psychology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Høye A, Jacobsen BK, Bramness JG, Nesvåg R, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Heiberg I. Total and cause-specific mortality in patients with personality disorders: the association between comorbid severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1809-1819. [PMID: 33677644 PMCID: PMC8429406 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mortality in both in- and outpatients with personality disorders (PD), and to explore the association between mortality and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) or severe mental illness (SMI). METHODS All residents admitted to Norwegian in- and outpatient specialist health care services during 2009-2015 with a PD diagnosis were included. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in patients with PD only and in patients with PD and comorbid SMI or SUD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs in patients with PD and comorbid SMI or SUD compared to patients with PD only. RESULTS Mortality was increased in both in- and outpatients with PD. The overall SMR was 3.8 (95% CI 3.6-4.0). The highest SMR was estimated for unnatural causes of death (11.0, 95% CI 10.0-12.0), but increased also for natural causes of death (2.2, 95% CI 2.0-2.5). Comorbidity was associated with higher SMRs, particularly due to poisoning and suicide. Patients with comorbid PD & SUD had almost four times higher all-cause mortality HR than patients with PD only; young women had the highest HR. CONCLUSION The SMR was high in both in- and outpatients with PD, and particularly high in patients with comorbid PD & SUD. Young female patients with PD & SUD were at highest risk. The higher mortality in patients with PD cannot, however, fully be accounted for by comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, pb 6124, 9291, Tromsø, Norway.
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
- Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Sami Health Research, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørgen G Bramness
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, pb 6124, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Hamar, Norway
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, pb 6124, 9291, Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Heiberg
- Center for Clinical Documentation and Evaluation (SKDE), Tromsø, Norway
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45
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Seidler ZE, Rosenberg J, Rice SM, Kealy D, Oliffe JL, Ogrodniczuk JS. Peering behind the mask: The roles of reactance and gender in the relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal problems. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:844-851. [PMID: 33283914 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When a client feels a threat to their freedom or autonomy as a result of external feedback, they can act out and respond in maladaptive ways. This state-referred to as reactance-has potential ramifications on interpersonal functioning. However, the underlying factors exacerbating this response including self-esteem and gender are yet to be extensively explored in a clinical sample. The present study examined whether verbal and/or behavioural reactance mediate the relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal problems and if this mediational relationship differs between men and women. METHOD Patients with personality dysfunction (N = 136) completed pretreatment assessments of reactance, self-esteem, and interpersonal problems, and a conditional process model using these constructs was tested. RESULTS Findings indicated that the moderated mediation model was significant, pointing to behavioural reactance as a significant mediator in the association between self-esteem and interpersonal problems. Furthermore, the findings revealed that gender moderated the relationship between self-esteem and behavioural reactance, indicating that this association may apply specifically to men low in self-esteem. DISCUSSION These results shed light on how behavioural reactance may be an important manifestation of low self-esteem for men and a key contributor to their interpersonal problems. The findings draw attention to the importance of considering different factors at play when working with reactant individuals in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zac E Seidler
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodie Rosenberg
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Kealy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John S Ogrodniczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Spinhoven P, van der Does W, Ormel J, Zitman FG, Penninx BWJH. Confounding of Big Five Personality Assessments in Emotional Disorders by Comorbidity and Current Disorder. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Foremost cross–sectional studies of personality in common mental disorders show similar Big Five trait profiles [i.e. high neuroticism (N), low conscientiousness (C) and low extraversion (E)]. It remains undecided whether this lack of distinct personality profiles is partly due to comorbidity among disorders or contamination by current state. Using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we investigated 1046 participants with panic disorder (PD), social anxiety disorder (SAD) and/or major depressive disorder (MDD) and 474 healthy controls. Personality traits at baseline and two–year follow–up were assessed with the NEO–Five Factor Inventory. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to determine the presence of emotional disorders at baseline and at two–year follow–up; the Life Chart Interview determined symptom severity in the month prior to baseline and during follow–up. By analysing pure cases and investigating the effects in remitted cases, PD participants were found to be higher in N, but not lower in E and C than controls. Pure PD participants were also lower in N and higher in E than SAD and MDD participants. Both SAD and MDD participants were characterized by high levels of N and low levels of E, irrespective of comorbidity or current disorder state. Future studies should be more attentive to confounding of personality profiles by comorbidity and state effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van der Does
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Ormel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G. Zitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda WJH Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry/EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Suradom C, Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T, Lerttrakarnnon P, Jiraniramai S, Taemeeyapradit U, Lertkachatarn S, Arunpongpaisal S, Kuntawong P. Mediation model of comorbid anxiety disorders in late-life depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:63. [PMID: 33292322 PMCID: PMC7670777 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have been conducted on risk factors of comorbid anxiety disorders regarding late-life depression (LLD). This study investigated the associated factors and their relationship to comorbid anxiety disorders in LLD. METHODS Participants included 190 elderly Thais (73.2% female, with a mean age of 68.39 ± 6.74 years) with depressive disorders, diagnosed according to DSM-IV Diagnosis Axis I disorders assessed by Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Demographic data, medical and psychiatric history, family psychiatric history, past depression, family history of depression, Neuroticism Inventory and 7-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-7) were analyzed for path analysis using Structural Equation Model framework. The bootstrapping method was used for testing indirect effects. RESULTS Being female was associated with comorbid anxiety disorders with an indirect effect (β = - 0.032, P = 0.018) through neuroticism, depression severity, history and family history of depression. Family history of depression had no effect on comorbidity (P = 0.090). Neuroticism had an indirect effect on comorbid anxiety disorders (β = 0.075, P = 0.019) via depression severity as reflected by HAMD-7 score (β = 0.412, P = < 0.001). Total variance explained from this model was 11%. This model had good-fit index with Chi-square > 0.05, CFI and TLI > 0.95 and RMSEA < 0.06. CONCLUSION Neuroticism mediates the effect of relationship between sex, family history and history of depressive disorders and comorbid anxiety disorders in LLD. Moreover, depression severity is a mediator for neuroticism and comorbid anxiety disorders. Longitudinal studies are warranted to indicate the importance of effective treatment of depression to lower the risk of developing comorbid anxiety disorders among depressed elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawisa Suradom
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Peerasak Lerttrakarnnon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Surin Jiraniramai
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Suwanna Arunpongpaisal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pimolpun Kuntawong
- Geriatric Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Seok D, Smyk N, Jaskir M, Cook P, Elliott M, Girelli T, Scott JC, Balderston N, Beer J, Stock J, Makhoul W, Gur RC, Davatzikos C, Shinohara R, Sheline Y. Dimensional connectomics of anxious misery, a human connectome study related to human disease: Overview of protocol and data quality. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102489. [PMID: 33395980 PMCID: PMC7708855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We present a new imaging study of 200 adults experiencing depression and anxiety. Quantitative measures of image quality indicate comparable quality to the HCP-YA. In addition, a comprehensive set of assessments measured patients’ symptom profiles. Data will be publicly available through the NIMH Data Archive starting fall 2020.
Disparate diagnostic categories from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), including generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, share common behavioral and phenomenological dysfunctions. While high levels of comorbidity and common features across these disorders suggest shared mechanisms, past research in psychopathology has largely proceeded based on the syndromal taxonomy established by the DSM rather than on a biologically-informed framework of neural, cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions. In line with the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we present a Human Connectome Study Related to Human Disease that is intentionally designed to generate and test novel, biologically-motivated dimensions of psychopathology. The Dimensional Connectomics of Anxious Misery study is collecting neuroimaging, cognitive and behavioral data from a heterogeneous population of adults with varying degrees of depression, anxiety and trauma, as well as a set of healthy comparators (to date, n = 97 and n = 24, respectively). This sample constitutes a dataset uniquely situated to elucidate relationships between brain circuitry and dysfunctions of the Negative Valence construct of the RDoC framework. We present a comprehensive overview of the eligibility criteria, clinical procedures and neuroimaging methods of our project. After describing our protocol, we present group-level activation maps from task fMRI data and independent components maps from resting state data. Finally, using quantitative measures of neuroimaging data quality, we demonstrate excellent data quality relative to a subset of the Human Connectome Project of Young Adults (n = 97), as well as comparable profiles of cortical thickness from T1-weighted imaging and generalized fractional anisotropy from diffusion weighted imaging. This manuscript presents results from the first 121 participants of our full target 250 participant dataset, timed with the release of this data to the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive in fall 2020, with the remaining half of the dataset to be released in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darsol Seok
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nathan Smyk
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marc Jaskir
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Philip Cook
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tommaso Girelli
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nicholas Balderston
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joanne Beer
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Janet Stock
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Walid Makhoul
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Russell Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yvette Sheline
- Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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Weissman DG, Jenness JL, Colich NL, Miller AB, Sambrook KA, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Altered Neural Processing of Threat-Related Information in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Violence: A Transdiagnostic Mechanism Contributing to the Emergence of Psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:1274-1284. [PMID: 31473292 PMCID: PMC7048648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to violence in childhood is associated with increased risk for multiple forms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. We evaluated how exposure to violence in early life influences neural responses to neutral and threat-related stimuli in childhood and adolescence, developmental variation in these associations, and whether these neural response patterns convey transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology over time. METHOD Participants were 149 youths (75 female and 74 male), aged 8 to 17 years (mean = 12.8, SD = 2.63), who had experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, or domestic violence (n = 76) or had never experienced violence (n = 73). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning while passively viewing fearful, neutral, and scrambled faces presented rapidly in a block design without specific attentional demands. Internalizing and externalizing psychopathology were assessed concurrently with the scan and 2 years later and were used to compute a transdiagnostic general psychopathology factor (p factor). RESULTS Exposure to violence was associated with reduced activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and frontal pole (1,985 voxels, peak x, y, z = 6, 4, 40) when viewing fearful (versus scrambled) faces, and reduced activation in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus (1,970 voxels, peak x, y, z = 16, 64, 10) when viewing neutral faces, but not amygdala activation or connectivity. Lower dACC response to fearful faces predicted increase in the p factor 2 years later (B = -0.186, p = .031) and mediated the association of violence exposure with longitudinal increases in the p factor. CONCLUSION Reduced recruitment of the dACC-a region involved in salience processing, conflict monitoring, and cognitive control-in response to threat-related cues may convey increased transdiagnostic psychopathology risk in youths exposed to violence.
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Kantojärvi L, Hakko H, Mukka M, Käyhkö A, Riipinen P, Riala K. Psychotropic medication use among personality disordered young adults. A follow-up study among former adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113449. [PMID: 32971404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the use of prescribed psychotropic medication in subjects with personality disorder (PD) diagnosed in early adulthood. METHODS The study population consisted of former adolescent psychiatric inpatients (N=508). 63 had a diagnosis of PD, including with borderline PD (BPD) (N=38) and other PD (OPD) (N=25). DSM IV-based psychiatric diagnoses in adolescence were based on the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL). The information on in-or outpatient hospital treatments until the end of 2016 were extracted from the National Care Register for Health Care. Lifetime data on purchases of physician-prescribed psychotropic medications was obtained from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland. RESULTS 98.4% (N=62) of subjects with PD had purchased at least one type of psychotropic medication during the follow-up period. The use of non-opioid analgesics and antipyretics was over twice as common among subjects with BPD than subjects with OPD (57.9% vs.28.0%, p=0.020). Anxiolytic use was 1.5 times more common among subjects with BPD than subjects with OPD (65.8% vs. 40.0%, p=0.044) CONCLUSIONS: Psychotropic medication use was common among subjects with PD. The use of non-opioid analgesics, antipyretics and anxiolytics was more common among subjects with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kantojärvi
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 26, FIN 90029OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Helinä Hakko
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 26, FIN 90029OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Milla Mukka
- University of Oulu, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 5000, FIN 90014OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Anniina Käyhkö
- University of Oulu, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 5000, FIN 90014OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Pirkko Riipinen
- University of Oulu, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 5000, FIN 90014OYS Oulu, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Riala
- University of Oulu, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. BOX 5000, FIN 90014OYS Oulu, Finland.
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