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Liu J, Jin P, Li M, Yi X, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Shi L. The energy metabolism of the freshwater leech Whitmania pigra in response to fasting. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 274:110999. [PMID: 38852903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Non-blood-feeding leeches, Whitmania pigra, have evolved unique digestive structures and physiological mechanisms to cope with fasting. However, the metabolic changes and molecular mechanisms induced by fasting remain unclear. Therefore, this study recorded the weights of leeches during the fasting process. The weight changes were divided into two stages: a rapid decline period (1-9 weeks) and a fluctuating decline period (9-24 weeks). Leeches fasted for 4 (H4), 11 (H11), and 24 (H24) weeks were selected for transcriptome sequencing. Compared to the control group (H0), 436, 1157, and 337 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were mainly related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, and the lipid metabolism pathway. The 6-phosphofructokinase (Pfk), pyruvate kinase (PK), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck) transcription levels revealed glycolysis/gluconeogenesis activation during the early stage of fasting and peaked at 11 weeks. Decreased expression of the rate-limiting enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in fatty acid synthesis during fasting may impede fatty acid synthesis. These results indicated that the nutrient storage and energy-supplying pathways in W. pigra were modified to improve fasting resistance. The findings of this study provided guidance for exploring the mechanism underlying fasting metabolism and laid a foundation for artificial breeding to improve the resistance of leeches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Panpan Jin
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaozhe Yi
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Linchun Shi
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Ntambi JN, Kalyesubula M, Cootway D, Lewis SA, Phang YX, Liu Z, O'Neill LM, Lefers L, Huff H, Miller JR, Pegkou Christofi V, Anderson E, Aljohani A, Mutebi F, Dutta M, Patterson A, Ntambi JM. Hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency induces fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma-related gene activation under a high carbohydrate low fat diet. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159538. [PMID: 39067685 PMCID: PMC11323073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a pivotal enzyme in lipogenesis, which catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) from saturated fatty acids, whose ablation downregulates lipid synthesis, preventing steatosis and obesity. Yet deletion of SCD1 promotes hepatic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, raising the question of whether hepatic SCD1 deficiency promotes further liver damage, including fibrosis. To delineate whether SCD1 deficiency predisposes the liver to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we employed in vivo SCD1 deficient global and liver-specific mouse models fed a high carbohydrate low-fat diet and in vitro established AML12 mouse cells. The absence of liver SCD1 remarkably increased the saturation of liver lipid species, as indicated by lipidomic analysis, and led to hepatic fibrosis. Consistently, SCD1 deficiency promoted hepatic gene expression related to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Deletion of SCD1 increased the circulating levels of Osteopontin, known to be increased in fibrosis, and alpha-fetoprotein, often used as an early marker and a prognostic marker for patients with HCC. De novo lipogenesis or dietary supplementation of oleate, an SCD1-generated MUFA, restored the gene expression related to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Although SCD1 deficient mice are protected against obesity and fatty liver, our results show that MUFA deprivation results in liver injury, including fibrosis, thus providing novel insights between MUFA insufficiency and pathways leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC under lean non-steatotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne-Norah Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Tufts Medical Center, Radiation Oncology, 800 Washington St., Box 359, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dylan Cootway
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah A Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yar Xin Phang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhaojin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lucas M O'Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lucas Lefers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hailey Huff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jacqueline Rose Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Veronica Pegkou Christofi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ethan Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ahmed Aljohani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francis Mutebi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mainak Dutta
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai 345055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrew Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University Park, PA 16802, United States; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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Šarac I, Debeljak-Martačić J, Takić M, Stevanović V, Milešević J, Zeković M, Popović T, Jovanović J, Vidović NK. Associations of fatty acids composition and estimated desaturase activities in erythrocyte phospholipids with biochemical and clinical indicators of cardiometabolic risk in non-diabetic Serbian women: the role of level of adiposity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1065578. [PMID: 37545582 PMCID: PMC10397414 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders. Methods In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations. Results Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. Vice versa, desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration. Discussion Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šarac
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk Stevanović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milešević
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Jovanović
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kardum Vidović
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The Effect of Bioactive Aliment Compounds and Micronutrients on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040903. [PMID: 37107278 PMCID: PMC10136128 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current review, we focused on identifying aliment compounds and micronutrients, as well as addressed promising bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD advance and ultimately affect this disease progress. In this regard, we targeted: 1. Potential bioactive nutrients that may interfere with NAFLD, specifically dark chocolate, cocoa butter, and peanut butter which may be involved in decreasing cholesterol concentrations. 2. The role of sweeteners used in coffee and other frequent beverages; in this sense, stevia has proven to be adequate for improving carbohydrate metabolism, liver steatosis, and liver fibrosis. 3. Additional compounds were shown to exert a beneficial action on NAFLD, namely glutathione, soy lecithin, silymarin, Aquamin, and cannabinoids which were shown to lower the serum concentration of triglycerides. 4. The effects of micronutrients, especially vitamins, on NAFLD. Even if most studies demonstrate the beneficial role of vitamins in this pathology, there are exceptions. 5. We provide information regarding the modulation of the activity of some enzymes related to NAFLD and their effect on this disease. We conclude that NAFLD can be prevented or improved by different factors through their involvement in the signaling, genetic, and biochemical pathways that underlie NAFLD. Therefore, exposing this vast knowledge to the public is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Munteanu
- Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Betty Schwartz
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Ntambi JM, Liu X, Burhans MS, ALjohani A, Selen ES, Kalyesubula M, Assadi-Porter F. Hepatic oleate regulates one-carbon metabolism during high carbohydrate feeding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:62-69. [PMID: 36791500 PMCID: PMC9992055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and strok. These diseases are associated with profound alterations in gene expression in metabolic tissues. Epigenetic-mediated regulation of gene expression is one mechanism through which environmental factors, such as diet, modify gene expression and disease predisposition. However, epigenetic control of gene expression in obesity and insulin resistance is not fully characterized. We discovered that liver-specific stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (Scd1) knockout mice (LKO) fed a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet exhibit dramatic changes in hepatic gene expression and metabolites of the folate cycle and one-carbon metabolism respectively for the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). LKO mice show an increased ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine, a marker for increased cellular methylation capacity. Furthermore, expression of DNA and histone methyltransferase genes is up-regulated while the mRNA and protein levels of the non-DNA methyltransferases including phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase (PEMT), Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (Bhmt), and the SAM-utilizing enzymes such as glycine-N-methyltransferase (Gnmt) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (Gamt) are generally down-regulated. Feeding LKO mice a high carbohydrate diet supplemented with triolein, but not tristearin, and increased endogenous hepatic synthesis of oleate but not palmitoleate in Scd1 global knockout mice normalized one carbon gene expression and metabolite levels. Additionally, changes in one carbon gene expression are independent of the PGC-1α-mediated ER stress response previously reported in the LKO mice. Together, these results highlight the important role of oleate in maintaining one-carbon cycle homeostasis and point to observed changes in one-carbon metabolism as a novel mediator of the Scd1 deficiency-induced liver phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Maggie S Burhans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ahmed ALjohani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saudi Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebru Selin Selen
- Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Fariba Assadi-Porter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Martello S, Chopra S, Sproull M, May JM, Shankardass A, MacMillan L, Vanpouille-Box C, Dalo J, Scott KMK, Norman Coleman C. Microarray analysis identifies coding and non-coding RNA markers of liver injury in whole body irradiated mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:200. [PMID: 36604457 PMCID: PMC9814510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation injury from medical, accidental, or intentional sources can induce acute and long-term hepatic dysregulation, fibrosis, and cancer. This long-term hepatic dysregulation decreases quality of life and may lead to death. Our goal in this study is to determine acute changes in biological pathways and discover potential RNA biomarkers predictive of radiation injury. We performed whole transcriptome microarray analysis of mouse liver tissue (C57BL/6 J) 48 h after whole-body irradiation with 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 Gray to identify significant expression changes in mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs, We also validated changes in specific RNAs through qRT-PCR. We used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify pathways associated with gene expression changes. We observed significant dysregulation of multiple mRNAs across all doses. In contrast, miRNA dysregulation was observed upwards of 2 Gray. The most significantly upregulated mRNAs function as tumor suppressors: Cdkn1a, Phlda3, and Eda2r. The most significantly downregulated mRNAs were involved in hemoglobin synthesis, inflammation, and mitochondrial function including multiple members of Hbb and Hba. The most significantly upregulated miRNA included: miR-34a-5p, miR-3102-5p, and miR-3960, while miR-342-3p, miR-142a-3p, and miR-223-3p were most significantly downregulated. IPA predicted activation of cell cycle checkpoint control pathways and inhibition of pathways relevant to inflammation and erythropoietin. Clarifying expression of mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA at a short time point (48 h) offers insight into potential biomarkers, including radiation markers shared across organs and animal models. This information, once validated in human models, can aid in development of bio-dosimetry biomarkers, and furthers our understanding of acute pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J. Aryankalayil
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Michelle A. Bylicky
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Shannon Martello
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mary Sproull
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jared M. May
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Aman Shankardass
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Laurel MacMillan
- grid.420517.50000 0004 0490 0428Gryphon Scientific, Takoma Park, MD 20912 USA
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Juan Dalo
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kevin M. K. Scott
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room B3B406, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.48336.3a0000 0004 1936 8075Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
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Akowuah PK, Lema C, Rumbaut RE, Burns AR. A Low-Fat/Sucrose Diet Rich in Complex Carbohydrates Reverses High-Fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Corneal Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:931. [PMID: 36674448 PMCID: PMC9865780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat/sucrose diet feeding in mice causes loss of corneal nerve function and impairs corneal wound healing. While changing to a diet with a low fat/sugar composition and enrichments in complex carbohydrates mitigates the reduction in nerve function, it remains to be determined if it has an effect on corneal wound healing. In this study, 6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat/sucrose diet for 20 weeks. A third group (diet reversal) was placed on a high-fat/sucrose diet for 10 weeks followed by a normal diet for an additional 10 weeks. A central corneal epithelial abrasion wound was created, and wound closure was monitored. Neutrophil and platelet recruitment was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Mice fed the high-fat/sucrose diet-only had greater adiposity (p < 0.005) than normal diet-only fed mice; diet reversal markedly reduced adiposity. Following corneal abrasion, wound closure was delayed by ~6 h (p ≤ 0.01) and, at 30 h post-wounding, fewer neutrophils reached the wound center and fewer extravascular platelets were present at the limbus (p < 0.05). Diet restored normal wound closure and neutrophil and platelet influx in the injured cornea. These data suggest compositional changes to the diet may be an effective diet-based therapeutic strategy for maintaining or restoring corneal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Lema
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Rolando E. Rumbaut
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alan R. Burns
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ntambi JM. The role of Stearoyl-CoA desaturase in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 633:81-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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O’Neill LM, Phang YX, Liu Z, Lewis SA, Aljohani A, McGahee A, Wade G, Kalyesubula M, Simcox J, Ntambi JM. Hepatic Oleate Regulates Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 1 Partially through the mTORC1-FGF21 Axis during High-Carbohydrate Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14671. [PMID: 36498997 PMCID: PMC9737156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) catalyzes the rate-liming step of monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and is a key regulator of systemic glucose metabolism. Mice harboring either a global (GKO) or liver-specific deletion (LKO) of Scd1 display enhanced insulin signaling and whole-body glucose uptake. Additionally, GKO and LKO mice are protected from high-carbohydrate diet-induced obesity. Given that high-carbohydrate diets can lead to chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis, it is critical to understand how Scd1 deficiency confers metabolically beneficial phenotypes. Here we show that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), a hepatokine that has been reported to enhance insulin signaling, is significantly elevated in the liver and plasma of GKO and LKO mice fed a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet. We also observed that the expression of hepatic Igfbp1 is regulated by oleic acid (18:1n9), a product of SCD1, through the mTORC1-FGF21 axis both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. O’Neill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yar Xin Phang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhaojin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah A. Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ahmed Aljohani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayren McGahee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gina Wade
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mugagga Kalyesubula
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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11
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Zámbó V, Orosz G, Szabó L, Tibori K, Sipeki S, Molnár K, Csala M, Kereszturi É. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs3811792) Affecting Human SCD5 Promoter Activity Is Associated with Diabetes Mellitus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101784. [PMID: 36292669 PMCID: PMC9601412 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined prevalence of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus is 10.5% worldwide and this is constantly increasing. The pathophysiology of the diseases include disturbances of the lipid metabolism, in which acyl-CoA desaturases play a central role as they synthesize unsaturated fatty acids, thereby providing protection against lipotoxicity. The stearoyl-CoA desaturase-5 (SCD5) isoform has received little scientific attention. We aimed to investigate the SCD5 promoter and its polymorphisms in vitro, in silico and in a case-control study. The SCD5 promoter region was determined by a luciferase reporter system in HepG2, HEK293T and SK-N-FI cells and it was proved to be cell type-specific, but it was insensitive to different fatty acids. The effect of the SCD5 promoter polymorphisms rs6841081 and rs3811792 was tested in the transfected cells. The T allele of rs3811792 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly reduced the activity of the SCD5 promoter in vitro and modified several transcription factor binding sites in silico. A statistically significant association of rs3811792 SNP with T1DM and T2DM was also found, thus supporting the medical relevance of this variation and the complexity of the molecular mechanisms in the development of metabolic disorders. In conclusion, the minor allele of rs3811792 polymorphism might contribute to the development of diabetes by influencing the SCD5 promoter activity.
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12
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Ducheix S, Piccinin E, Peres C, Garcia-Irigoyen O, Bertrand-Michel J, Fouache A, Cariello M, Lobaccaro JM, Guillou H, Sabbà C, Ntambi JM, Moschetta A. Reduction in gut-derived MUFAs via intestinal stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deletion drives susceptibility to NAFLD and hepatocarcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2937-2949. [PMID: 35903850 PMCID: PMC9512486 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by a set of hepatic conditions ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, eventually predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Together with fatty acids (FAs) originated from adipose lipolysis and hepatic lipogenesis, intestinal‐derived FAs are major contributors of steatosis. However, the role of mono‐unsaturated FAs (MUFAs) in NAFLD development is still debated. We previously established the intestinal capacity to produce MUFAs, but its consequences in hepatic functions are still unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the role of the intestinal MUFA‐synthetizing enzyme stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in NAFLD. We used intestinal‐specific Scd1‐KO (iScd1−/−) mice and studied hepatic dysfunction in different models of steatosis, NASH, and HCC. Intestinal‐specific Scd1 deletion decreased hepatic MUFA proportion. Compared with controls, iScd1−/− mice displayed increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation and derangement in cholesterol homeostasis when fed a MUFA‐deprived diet. Then, on Western diet feeding, iScd1−/− mice triggered inflammation and fibrosis compared with their wild‐type littermates. Finally, intestinal‐Scd1 deletion predisposed mice to liver cancer. Conclusions: Collectively, these results highlight the major importance of intestinal MUFA metabolism in maintaining hepatic functions and show that gut‐derived MUFAs are protective from NASH and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Piccinin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neurosciences, and Sense organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Peres
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marica Cariello
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- INSERM U 1103, CNRS, UMR 6293, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Integrative Toxicology and Metabolism Team, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
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13
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Ishaq A, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Siervo M, Saretzki G. Palmitate induces DNA damage and senescence in human adipocytes in vitro that can be alleviated by oleic acid but not inorganic nitrate. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111798. [PMID: 35390489 PMCID: PMC9214712 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy in white adipose tissue (WAT) can result in sustained systemic inflammation, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, and onset of senescence in adipocytes. Inflammation and hypertrophy can be induced in vitro using palmitic acid (PA). WAT adipocytes have innately low β-oxidation capacity, while inorganic nitrate can promote a beiging phenotype, with promotion of β-oxidation when cells are exposed to nitrate during differentiation. We hypothesized that treatment of human adipocytes with PA in vitro can induce senescence, which might be attenuated by nitrate treatment through stimulation of β-oxidation to remove accumulated lipids. Differentiated subcutaneous and omental adipocytes were treated with PA and nitrate and senescence markers were analyzed. PA induced DNA damage and increased p16INK4a levels in both human subcutaneous and omental adipocytes in vitro. However, lipid accumulation and lipid droplet size increased after PA treatment only in subcutaneous adipocytes. Thus, hypertrophy and senescence seem not to be causally associated. Contrary to our expectations, subsequent treatment of PA-induced adipocytes with nitrate did not attenuate PA-induced lipid accumulation or senescence. Instead, we found a significantly beneficial effect of oleic acid (OA) on human subcutaneous adipocytes when applied together with PA, which reduced the DNA damage caused by PA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ishaq
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
| | - Mario Siervo
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- Biosciences Institute, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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14
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Parunyakul K, Srisuksai K, Santativongchai P, Pongchairerk U, Ampawong S, Tulayakul P, Fungfuang W. The first study on the effect of crocodile oil from Crocodylus siamensis on hepatic mitochondrial function for energy homeostasis in rats. Vet World 2022; 15:986-997. [PMID: 35698522 PMCID: PMC9178561 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.986-997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Consumption of fatty acids (FA) can alter hepatic energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the liver. Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in mono-and polyunsaturated FAs, which have natural anti-inflammatory and healing properties. In rat livers, we investigated the effect of CO on mitochondrial function for energy homeostasis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups at random. Group 1 rats were given sterile water (RO), Group 2 rats were given CO (3% v/w), and Group 3 rats were given palm oil (PO) (3% v/w). For 7 weeks, rats were given sterile water, CO, and PO orally. The researchers looked at body weight, food intake, liver weight, energy intake, blood lipid profiles, and mitochondria-targeted metabolites in the liver. The liver’s histopathology, mitochondrial architecture, and hydrolase domain containing 3 (HDHD3) protein expression in liver mitochondria were studied. Results: Body weight, liver weight, liver index, dietary energy intake, and serum lipid profiles were all unaffected by CO treatment. The CO group consumed significantly less food than the RO group. The CO group also had significantly higher levels of oxaloacetate and malate than the PO group. CO treatment significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis, as evidenced by a greater decrease in the total surface area of lipid particles than PO treatment. CO administration preserved mitochondrial morphology in the liver by upregulating the energetic maintenance protein HDHD3. Furthermore, chemical-protein interactions revealed that HDHD3 was linked to the energy homeostatic pathway. Conclusion: CO may benefit liver function by preserving hepatic mitochondrial architecture and increasing energy metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongphop Parunyakul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krittika Srisuksai
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Santativongchai
- Bio-Veterinary Sciences (International Program), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urai Pongchairerk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phitsanu Tulayakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wirasak Fungfuang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Identification of Scd5 as a functional regulator of visceral fat deposition and distribution. iScience 2022; 25:103916. [PMID: 35252813 PMCID: PMC8889148 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic deposition of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in abdomen is usually accompanied with systematic chaos of energy metabolism, a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Here, we identified a previously unexplored gene Scd5 as a master regulator of fat distribution, which alone plays a significant role in determining the VAT accumulation. Firstly, zebrafish scd5 had the highest homology with human SCD5 compared to other SCDs in mouse and rat. We then observed that scd5-homozygous mutant zebrafish displayed a puffy, short and rounded apple-shaped figure. Whole-mount micro-CT scan showed that excessive VAT deposition and short spine are responsible for the abnormal body ratio. And the supplementation of ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω3-PUFA) in dietary significantly decreased VAT accumulation in scd5−/− zebrafish. Lastly, transcriptional analyses revealed that the Wnt, PPAR, C/EBP, and fat synthesis signaling pathways are significantly affected in the VAT of scd5−/− mutant and restored by ω3-PUFA. Zebrafish scd5 is a better match of homolog to human SCD5 scd5 deficiency induced significant VAT depositions in zebrafish Supplementation of ω3-PUFA significantly reduced the VAT deposition in scd5 mutants
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16
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Dilworth L, Facey A, Omoruyi F. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147644. [PMID: 34299261 PMCID: PMC8305176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been used in the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent paradigm shift has focused on the role of adipose tissues in the development and treatment of the disease. Brown adipose tissues (BAT) and white adipose tissues (WAT) are the two main types of adipose tissues with beige subsets more recently identified. They play key roles in communication and insulin sensitivity. However, WAT has been shown to contribute significantly to endocrine function. WAT produces hormones and cytokines, collectively called adipocytokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. These adipocytokines have been proven to vary in conditions, such as metabolic dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, or inflammation. The regulation of fat storage, energy metabolism, satiety, and insulin release are all features of adipose tissues. As such, they are indicators that may provide insights on the development of metabolic dysfunction or type 2 diabetes and can be considered routes for therapeutic considerations. The essential roles of adipocytokines vis-a-vis satiety, appetite, regulation of fat storage and energy, glucose tolerance, and insulin release, solidifies adipose tissue role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the complications associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Aldeam Facey
- Mona Academy of Sport, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Wang D, Yu H, Li Y, Xu Z, Shi S, Dou D, Sun L, Zheng Z, Shi X, Deng X, Zhong X. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the hepatoprotective effect of melatonin on ANIT-induced cholestasis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1014. [PMID: 34373700 PMCID: PMC8343461 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of melatonin on cholestatic liver injury have received widespread attention recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-cholestatic effects of melatonin against α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury in rats and to screen for potential biomarkers of cholestasis through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Rats orally received melatonin (100 mg/kg body weight) or an equivalent volume of 0.25% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of ANIT (75 mg/kg) and were subsequently sacrificed at 36 h after injection. Liver biochemical indices were determined and liver tissue samples were stained using hematoxylin-eosin staining, followed by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics to identify potential underlying therapeutic mechanisms and biomarkers. The results suggested that the expression levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were reduced in the rats treated with melatonin. Histopathological observation indicated that melatonin was effective in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis. iTRAQ proteomics results suggested that melatonin-mediated reduction in ANIT-induced cholestasis may be associated with enhanced antioxidant function and relieving abnormal fatty acid metabolism. According to pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the major metabolic pathways for the metabolism of melatonin are fatty acid degradation, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and retinol metabolism, as well as drug metabolism via cytochrome P450. Malate dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase Yb-3 may serve as potential targets in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingnan Wang
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.,Formulas of Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zongying Xu
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dou Dou
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xianggen Zhong
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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18
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Zou Y, Wang YN, Ma H, He ZH, Tang Y, Guo L, Liu Y, Ding M, Qian SW, Tang QQ. SCD1 promotes lipid mobilization in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1589-1604. [PMID: 32978274 PMCID: PMC7707166 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) has beneficial effects on metabolism. Although it is known that beige adipocytes are active in lipid catabolism and thermogenesis, how they are regulated deserves more explorations. In this study, we demonstrate that stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) responded to cold stimulation and was able to promote mobilization of triacylglycerol [TAG (triglyceride)]. In vitro studies showed that SCD1 promoted lipolysis in C3H10T1/2 white adipocytes. The lipolytic effect was contributed by one of SCD1's products, oleic acid (OA). OA upregulated adipose TAG lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression. When SCD1 was overexpressed in the scWAT of mice, lipolysis was enhanced, and oxygen consumption and heat generation were increased. These effects were also demonstrated by the SCD1 knockdown experiments in mice. In conclusion, our study suggests that SCD1, known as an enzyme for lipid synthesis, plays a role in upregulating lipid mobilization through its desaturation product, OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hui He
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Wen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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19
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Igal RA, Sinner DI. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a Δ-9 fatty acyl desaturase in search of a function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158840. [PMID: 33049404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has demonstrated that human stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a universally expressed fatty acid Δ9-desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), is a central regulator of metabolic and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Unlike SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a second SCD isoform found in a variety of vertebrates, including humans, has received considerably less attention but new information on the catalytic properties, regulation and biological functions of this enzyme has begun to emerge. This review will examine the new evidence that supports key metabolic and biological roles for SCD5, as well as the potential implication of this desaturase in the mechanisms of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, PH 1501 East, New York City, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Débora I Sinner
- Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Lab: R4447, Office: R4445, MLC 7009, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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20
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Ouyang Q, Hu S, Wang G, Hu J, Zhang J, Li L, Hu B, He H, Liu H, Xia L, Wang J. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Suggests Key Roles for 5-Hydroxytryptamlne Receptors in Control of Goose Egg Production. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E455. [PMID: 32331314 PMCID: PMC7230923 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, research on poultry egg production performance has only been conducted within inter or intra-breed groups, while those combining both inter- and intra-breed groups are lacking. Egg production performance is known to differ markedly between Sichuan white goose (Anser cygnoides) and Landes goose (Anser anser). In order to understand the mechanism of egg production performance in geese, we undertook this study. Here, 18 ovarian stromal samples from both Sichuan white goose and Landes goose at the age of 145 days (3 individuals before egg production initiation for each breed) and 730 days (3 high- and low egg production individuals during non-laying periods for each breed) were collected to reveal the genome-wide expression profiles of ovarian mRNAs and lncRNAs between these two geese breeds at different physiological stages. Briefly, 58, 347, 797, 777, and 881 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 56, 24, 154, 105, and 224 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) were found in LLD vs. HLD (low egg production Landes goose vs. high egg production Landes goose), LSC vs. HSC (low egg production Sichuan White goose vs. high egg production Sichuan white goose), YLD vs. YSC (young Landes goose vs. young Sichuan white goose), HLD vs. HSC (high egg production Landes goose vs. high egg production Sichuan white goose), and LLD vs. LSC (low egg production Landes goose vs. low egg production Sichuan white goose) groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs and DElncRNAs suggest that the "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway" is crucial for egg production, and particularly, members of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (HTR) family affect egg production by regulating ovarian metabolic function. Furthermore, the big differences in the secondary structures among HTR1F and HTR1B, HTR2B, and HTR7 may lead to their different expression patterns in goose ovaries of both inter- and intra-breed groups. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms regulating poultry egg production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Q.O.); (S.H.); (G.W.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (L.L.); (B.H.); (H.H.); (H.L.); (L.X.)
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21
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Challenge from Mechanisms to Therapy. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010015. [PMID: 31861591 PMCID: PMC7019297 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on previously published mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), their uncertainty does not always permit a clear elucidation of the grassroot alterations that are at the basis of the wide-spread illness, and thus curing it is still a challenge. There is somehow exceptional progress, but many controversies persist in NAFLD research and clinical investigation. It is likely that hidden mechanisms will be brought to light in the near future. Hereby, the authors present, with some criticism, classical mechanisms that stand at the basis of NAFLD, and consider contextually different emerging processes. Without ascertaining these complex interactions, investigators have a long way left ahead before finding an effective therapy for NAFLD beyond diet and exercise.
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22
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Vincent BM, Tardiff DF, Piotrowski JS, Aron R, Lucas MC, Chung CY, Bacherman H, Chen Y, Pires M, Subramaniam R, Doshi DB, Sadlish H, Raja WK, Solís EJ, Khurana V, Le Bourdonnec B, Scannevin RH, Rhodes KJ. Inhibiting Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Ameliorates α-Synuclein Cytotoxicity. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2742-2754.e31. [PMID: 30517862 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative disease stems in part from our rudimentary understanding of disease mechanisms and the paucity of targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we used an integrated discovery paradigm to identify a new therapeutic target for diseases caused by α-synuclein (α-syn), a small lipid-binding protein that misfolds and aggregates in Parkinson's disease and other disorders. Using unbiased phenotypic screening, we identified a series of compounds that were cytoprotective against α-syn-mediated toxicity by inhibiting the highly conserved enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Critically, reducing the levels of unsaturated membrane lipids by inhibiting SCD reduced α-syn toxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neuronal models. Taken together, these findings suggest that inhibition of fatty acid desaturation has potential as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Vincent
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel F Tardiff
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jeff S Piotrowski
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebecca Aron
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew C Lucas
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chee Yeun Chung
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helene Bacherman
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - YiQun Chen
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Pires
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Radha Subramaniam
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dimple B Doshi
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather Sadlish
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Waseem K Raja
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric J Solís
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vikram Khurana
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Disease, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Robert H Scannevin
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kenneth J Rhodes
- Yumanity Therapeutics, 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 2C, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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23
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Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency-mediated activation of mTORC1- PGC-1α axis regulates ER stress during high-carbohydrate feeding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15761. [PMID: 31673045 PMCID: PMC6823547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in lipogenesis as it catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), mainly oleate (18:1n9) and palmitoleate (16:1n7) from saturated fatty acids (SFA), stearate (18:0) and palmitate (16:0), respectively. Studies on SCD1 deficiency in mouse models demonstrated beneficial metabolic phenotypes such as reduced adiposity and improved glucose tolerance. Even though, SCD1 represents a potential target to resolve obesity related metabolic diseases; SCD1 deficiency causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates unfolded protein response (UPR). The induction of ER stress in response to SCD1 deficiency is governed by the cofactor, PGC-1α. However, the mechanism by which SCD1 deficiency increases PGC-1α and subsequently induces ER stress still remains elusive. The present study demonstrates that despite reduced lipogenesis, liver specific SCD1 deficiency activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) along with induction of PGC-1α and ER stress. Further, mTORC1 inhibition attenuates SCD1 deficiency-mediated induction of both PGC-1α and ER stress. Similar observations were seen by restoring endogenously synthesized oleate, but not palmitoleate, suggesting a clear mTORC1-mediated regulation of ER stress during SCD1 deficiency. Overall, our results suggest a model whereby maintaining adequate levels of hepatic oleate is required to suppress mTORC1-mediated ER stress. In addition, the activation of mTORC1 by SCD1 deficiency reveals an important function of fatty acids in regulating different cellular processes through mTORC1 signaling.
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24
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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25
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Zhu X, Bian H, Wang L, Sun X, Xu X, Yan H, Xia M, Chang X, Lu Y, Li Y, Xia P, Li X, Gao X. Berberine attenuates nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis through the AMPK-SREBP-1c-SCD1 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:192-204. [PMID: 31226399 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR), a natural compound extracted from Chinese herb, has been shown to effectively attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in clinic. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of BBR is not fully understood. Stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) mediates lipid metabolism in liver. Therefore, we hypothesized that SCD1 mediated the beneficial effect of BBR on NAFLD. METHODS The expression of SCD1 was measured in the liver of NAFLD patients and ob/ob mice. The effect of BBR on NAFLD was evaluated in C57BL/6 J mice on high fat diet (HFD). The effect of BBR was also investigated in HepG2 and AML12 cells exposed to high glucose and palmitic acid. Oil red O staining was performed to detect triglyceride (TG) level. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of target genes. The activity of SCD1 promoter was measured by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The expression of SCD1 was increased in the liver of NAFLD patients and ob/ob mice. BBR reduced hepatic TG accumulation and decreased the expressions of hepatic SCD1 and other TG synthesis related genes both in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of SCD1 expression mimicked the effect of BBR decreasing TG level in steatotic hepatocytes, whereas overexpression of SCD1 attenuated the effect of BBR. Mechanistically, BBR promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in HepG2 cells and the liver of HFD-fed mice. Activation of the AMPK-SREBP-1c pathway and sterol regulatory element (SRE) motif in SCD1 promoter (-920/-550) was responsible for the BBR-induced suppression of SCD1. CONCLUSION BBR reduces liver TG synthesis and attenuates hepatic steatosis through the activation of AMPK-SREBP-1c-SCD1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Pu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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26
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Rumora AE, LoGrasso G, Hayes JM, Mendelson FE, Tabbey MA, Haidar JA, Lentz SI, Feldman EL. The Divergent Roles of Dietary Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on Nerve Function in Murine Models of Obesity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3770-3781. [PMID: 30886017 PMCID: PMC6510336 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3173-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy is the most common complication of prediabetes and diabetes and presents as distal-to-proximal loss of peripheral nerve function in the lower extremities. Neuropathy progression and disease severity in prediabetes and diabetes correlates with dyslipidemia in man and murine models of disease. Dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) that associate with the progression of neuropathy. Increased intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diets confers metabolic health benefits; however, the impact of fatty acid saturation in neuropathy is unknown. This study examines the differential effect of SFAs and MUFAs on the development of neuropathy and the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the complication. Male mice Mus musculus fed a high-fat diet rich in SFAs developed robust peripheral neuropathy. This neuropathy was completely reversed by switching the mice from the SFA-rich high-fat diet to a MUFA-rich high-fat diet; nerve conduction velocities and intraepidermal nerve fiber density were restored. A MUFA oleate also prevented the impairment of mitochondrial transport and protected mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured sensory neurons treated with mixtures of oleate and the SFA palmitate. Moreover, oleate also preserved intracellular ATP levels, prevented apoptosis induced by palmitate treatment, and promoted lipid droplet formation in sensory neurons, suggesting that lipid droplets protect sensory neurons from lipotoxicity. Together, these results suggest that MUFAs reverse the progression of neuropathy by protecting mitochondrial function and transport through the formation of intracellular lipid droplets in sensory neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is a global epidemic of prediabetes and diabetes, disorders that represent a continuum of metabolic disturbances in lipid and glucose metabolism. In the United States, 80 million individuals have prediabetes and 30 million have diabetes. Neuropathy is the most common complication of both disorders, carries a high morbidity, and, despite its prevalence, has no treatments. We report that dietary intervention with monounsaturated fatty acids reverses the progression of neuropathy and restores nerve function in high-fat diet-fed murine models of peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, the addition of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate to sensory neurons cultured under diabetic conditions shows that oleate prevents impairment of mitochondrial transport and mitochondrial dysfunction through a mechanism involving formation of axonal lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen I Lentz
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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27
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Stanford KI, Lynes MD, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Arts PJ, May FJ, Lehnig AC, Middelbeek RJW, Richard JJ, So K, Chen EY, Gao F, Narain NR, Distefano G, Shettigar VK, Hirshman MF, Ziolo MT, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Coen PM, Goodyear LJ. 12,13-diHOME: An Exercise-Induced Lipokine that Increases Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1111-1120.e3. [PMID: 29719226 PMCID: PMC5935136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating factors released from tissues during exercise have been hypothesized to mediate some of the health benefits of regular physical activity. Lipokines are circulating lipid species that have recently been reported to affect metabolism in response to cold. Here, lipidomics analysis revealed that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise causes a pronounced increase in the circulating lipid 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) in male, female, young, old, sedentary, and active human subjects. In mice, both a single bout of exercise and exercise training increased circulating 12,13-diHOME and surgical removal of brown adipose tissue (BAT) negated the increase in 12,13-diHOME, suggesting that BAT is the tissue source for exercise-stimulated 12,13-diHOME. Acute 12,13-diHOME treatment of mice in vivo increased skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation, but not glucose uptake. These data reveal that lipokines are novel exercise-stimulated circulating factors that may contribute to the metabolic changes that occur with physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Matthew D Lynes
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Arts
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Francis J May
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adam C Lehnig
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Richard
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kawai So
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Fei Gao
- BERG, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Vikram K Shettigar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark T Ziolo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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28
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Song J, Han X, Yao YL, Li YM, Zhang J, Shao DY, Hou LS, Fan Y, Song SZ, Lian LH, Nan JX, Wu YL. Acanthoic acid suppresses lipin1/2 via TLR4 and IRAK4 signalling pathways in EtOH- and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic lipogenesis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:393-403. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In alcoholic liver disease, alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are major stimulation factors of hepatic lipogenesis. Our objective was to determine the protective mechanism of acanthoic acid (AA) in EtOH- and LPS-induced hepatic lipogenesis.
Methods
HSC-T6 cells were treated with ethanol (200 mm) plus LPS (1 μg/ml) for 1 h, followed by AA (10 or 20 μm) for another 6 h. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with of AA (20 and 40 mg/kg) or equal volume of saline and then exposed to three doses of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) within 24 h. The mice were sacrificed at 6 h after the last ethanol dosing.
Key findings
Acanthoic acid significantly decreased the expressions of α-SMA, collagen-I, SREBP-1, and lipin1/2 induced, also decreased fat droplets caused by EtOH/LPS. AA treatment decreased the protein expressions of TLR4, CD14, IRAK4, TRAF3, p-TAK1 and NF-κB increased by EtOH/LPS on HSC cells. Results in vivo were consistent with results in vitro.
Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that AA might modulate hepatic fibrosis and lipid deposition in HSC-T6 cell stimulated with ethanol combined with LPS by decreasing lipin1/2 via TLR4 and IRAK4 signalling pathways, and AA might be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Han
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - You-Li Yao
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ya-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan-Yang Shao
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Shuang Hou
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shun-Zong Song
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
- Clinical Research Center, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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29
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Bond LM, Ntambi JM. UCP1 deficiency increases adipose tissue monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis and trafficking to the liver. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:224-236. [PMID: 29203476 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m078469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) facilitates thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes and can promote energy expenditure by decreasing mitochondrial respiratory efficiency. Defects in UCP1 and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis subject animals to chronic cold stress and elicit compensatory responses to generate heat. How UCP1 regulates white adipose tissue (WAT) lipid biology and tissue crosstalk is not completely understood. Here, we probed the effect of UCP1 deficiency on FA metabolism in inguinal and epididymal WAT and investigated how these metabolic perturbations influence hepatic lipid homeostasis. We report that at standard housing temperature (21°C), loss of UCP1 induces inguinal WAT de novo lipogenesis through transcriptional activation of the lipogenic gene program and elevated GLUT4. Inguinal adipocyte hyperplasia and depot expansion accompany the increase in lipid synthesis. We also found that UCP1 deficiency elevates adipose stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression, and increased inguinal WAT lipolysis supports the transport of adipose-derived palmitoleate (16:1n7) to the liver and hepatic triglyceride accumulation. The observed WAT and liver phenotypes were resolved by housing animals at thermoneutral housing (30°C). These data illustrate depot-specific responses to impaired BAT thermogenesis and communication between WAT and liver in UCP1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bond
- Departments of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 .,Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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30
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ALJohani AM, Syed DN, Ntambi JM. Insights into Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Regulation of Systemic Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:831-842. [PMID: 29089222 PMCID: PMC5701860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a central regulator of fuel metabolism and may represent a therapeutic target to control obesity and the progression of related metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis. SCD1 catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), mainly oleate and palmitoleate, which are important in controlling weight gain in response to feeding high carbohydrate diets. In this review, we evaluate the role of SCD1 isoform in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in metabolic tissues. These highlights of recent findings are aimed toward advancing our understanding of the role of SCD1 in the development of metabolic diseases, which may help evaluate the possible health outcomes of modulating MUFA levels through targeting SCD1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M ALJohani
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deeba N Syed
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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31
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Lounis MA, Bergeron KF, Burhans MS, Ntambi JM, Mounier C. Oleate activates SREBP-1 signaling activity in SCD1-deficient hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E710-E720. [PMID: 28851735 PMCID: PMC5814596 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00151.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a key player in lipid metabolism. SCD1 catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). MUFA are then incorporated into triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Previous studies have shown that Scd1 deficiency in mice induces metabolic changes in the liver characterized by a decrease in de novo lipogenesis and an increase in β-oxidation. Interestingly, Scd1-deficient mice show a decrease in the expression and maturation of the principal lipogenic transcription factor sterol receptor element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1). The mechanisms mediating this effect on de novo lipogenesis and β-oxidation have not been fully elucidated. We evaluated the role of SCD1 on de novo lipogenesis and β-oxidation in HepG2 cells. We also used Scd1-deficient mice and two strains of transgenic mice that produce either oleate (GLS5) or palmitoleate (GLS3) in a liver-specific manner. We demonstrate that the expression of β-oxidation markers increases in SCD1-deficient hepatocytes and suggest that this is due to an increase in cellular polyunsaturated fatty acid content. We also show that the changes in the level of SREBP-1 expression, for both the precursor and the mature forms, are mainly due to the lack of oleate in SCD1-deficient hepatocytes. Indeed, oleate treatment of cultured HepG2 cells or hepatic oleate production in chow-fed GLS5 mice can restore SREBP-1 expression and increase hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Finally, we show that oleate specifically increases SREBP-1 nuclear accumulation, suggesting a central role for oleate in SREBP-1 signaling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Lounis
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maggie S Burhans
- Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - James M Ntambi
- Nutritional Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Catherine Mounier
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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32
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Jois T, Chen W, Howard V, Harvey R, Youngs K, Thalmann C, Saha P, Chan L, Cowley MA, Sleeman MW. Deletion of hepatic carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) impairs glucose homeostasis and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1381-1394. [PMID: 29107286 PMCID: PMC5681238 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that responds to glucose and activates genes involved in the glycolytic and lipogenic pathways. Recent studies have linked adipose ChREBP to insulin sensitivity in mice. However, while ChREBP is most highly expressed in the liver, the effect of hepatic ChREBP on insulin sensitivity remains unknown. To clarify the importance of hepatic ChREBP on glucose homeostasis, we have generated a knockout mouse model that lacks this protein specifically in the liver (Liver-ChREBP KO). METHODS Using Liver-ChREBP KO mice, we investigated whether hepatic ChREBP deletion influences insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and the development of hepatic steatosis utilizing various dietary stressors. Furthermore, we determined gene expression changes in response to fasted and fed states in liver, white, and brown adipose tissues. RESULTS Liver-ChREBP KO mice had impaired insulin sensitivity as indicated by reduced glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps on both chow (25% lower) and high-fat diet (33% lower) (p < 0.05). This corresponded with attenuated suppression of hepatic glucose production. Although Liver-ChREBP KO mice were protected against carbohydrate-induced hepatic steatosis, they displayed worsened glucose tolerance. Liver-ChREBP KO mice did not show the expected gene expression changes in liver in response to fasted and fed states. Interestingly, hepatic ChREBP deletion also resulted in gene expression changes in white and brown adipose tissues, suggesting inter-tissue communication. This included an almost complete abolition of BAT ChREBPβ induction in the fed state (0.15-fold) (p = 0.015) along with reduced lipogenic genes. In contrast, WAT showed inappropriate increases in lipogenic genes in the fasted state along with increased PEPCK1 in both fasted (3.4-fold) and fed (5.1-fold) states (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, hepatic ChREBP is protective in regards to hepatic insulin sensitivity and whole body glucose homeostasis. Hepatic ChREBP action can influence other peripheral tissues and is likely essential in coordinating the body's response to different feeding states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Jois
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Howard
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Harvey
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina Youngs
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Thalmann
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pradip Saha
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark W Sleeman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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33
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Paton CM, Vaughan RA, Selen Alpergin ES, Assadi-Porter F, Dowd MK. Dihydrosterculic acid from cottonseed oil suppresses desaturase activity and improves liver metabolomic profiles of high-fat-fed mice. Nutr Res 2017; 45:52-62. [PMID: 29037332 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich diets are thought to provide beneficial effects toward metabolic health in part through their bioactive properties. We hypothesized that increasing PUFA intake in mice would increase peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARδ) expression and activity, and we sought to examine the effect of different PUFA-enriched oils on muscle PPARδ expression. One of the oils we tested was cottonseed oil (CSO) which is primarily linoleic acid (53%) and palmitic acid (24%). Mice fed a CSO-enriched diet (50% energy from fat) displayed no change in muscle PPARδ expression; however, in the liver, it was consistently elevated along with its transcriptional coactivator Pgc-1. Male mice were fed chow or CSO-, saturated fat (SFA)-, or linoleic acid (18:2)-enriched diets that were matched for macronutrient content for 4 weeks. There were no differences in food intake, body weight, fasting glucose, glucose tolerance, or energy expenditure between chow- and CSO-fed mice, whereas SFA-fed mice had increased fat mass and 18:2-fed mice were less glucose tolerant. Metabolomic analyses revealed that the livers of CSO-fed mice closely matched those of chow-fed but significantly differed from SFA- and 18:2-enriched groups. Fatty acid composition of the diets and livers revealed an impairment in desaturase activity and the presence of dihydrosterculic acid (DHSA) in the CSO-fed mice. The effect of DHSA on PPARδ and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 expression mimicked that of the CSO-fed mice. Taken together, these data suggest that DHSA from CSO may be an effective means to increase PPARδ expression with concomitant suppression of liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Paton
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Foods & Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Texas Tech University.
| | | | | | | | - Michael K Dowd
- Southern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, New Orleans, LA
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34
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Ducheix S, Montagner A, Polizzi A, Lasserre F, Régnier M, Marmugi A, Benhamed F, Bertrand-Michel J, Mselli-Lakhal L, Loiseau N, Martin PG, Lobaccaro JM, Ferrier L, Postic C, Guillou H. Dietary oleic acid regulates hepatic lipogenesis through a liver X receptor-dependent signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181393. [PMID: 28732092 PMCID: PMC5521785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil consumption is beneficial for health as it is associated with a decreased prevalence of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Oleic acid is, by far, the most abundant component of olive oil. Since it can be made through de novo synthesis in animals, it is not an essential fatty acid. While it has become clear that dietary oleic acid regulates many biological processes, the signaling pathway involved in these regulations remains poorly defined. In this work we tested the impact of an oleic acid-rich diet on hepatic gene expression. We were particularly interested in addressing the contribution of Liver X Receptors (LXR) in the control of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis, an essential process in whole body energy homeostasis. We used wild-type mice and transgenic mice deficient for both α and β Liver X Receptor isoforms (LXR-/-) fed a control or an oleate enriched diet. We observed that hepatic-lipid accumulation was enhanced as well as the expression of lipogenic genes in the liver of wild-type mice fed the oleate enriched diet. In contrast, none of these changes occurred in the liver of LXR-/- mice. Strikingly, oleate-rich diet reduced cholesterolemia in wild-type mice and induced signs of liver inflammation and damage in LXR-/- mice but not in wild-type mice. This work suggests that dietary oleic acid reduces cholesterolemia while promoting LXR-dependent hepatic lipogenesis without detrimental effects to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Marmugi
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Fadila Benhamed
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | | | - Laila Mselli-Lakhal
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal G Martin
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, Aubière, France.,INSERM, U1103, GReD, Aubière, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Ferrier
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ToxAlim, Toulouse, France
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35
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Torchon E, Ray R, Hulver MW, McMillan RP, Voy BH. Fasting rapidly increases fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue of young broiler chickens. Adipocyte 2017; 6:33-39. [PMID: 28452587 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1263777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulating the fatty acid oxidation capacity of white adipose tissue in mice protects against diet-induced obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. Part of this capacity results from induction of brown-like adipocytes within classical white depots, making it difficult to determine the oxidative contribution of the more abundant white adipocytes. Avian genomes lack a gene for uncoupling protein 1 and are devoid of brown adipose cells, making them a useful model in which to study white adipocyte metabolism in vivo. We recently reported that a brief (5 hour) period of fasting significantly upregulated many genes involved in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation pathways in white adipose tissue of young broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to determine if the effects on gene expression manifested in increased rates of fatty acid oxidation. Abdominal adipose tissue was collected from 21 day-old broiler chicks that were fasted for 3, 5 or 7 hours or fed ad libitum (controls). Fatty acid oxidation was determined by measuring and summing 14CO2 production and 14C-labeled acid-soluble metabolites from the oxidation of [1-14C] palmitic acid. Fasting induced a progressive increase in complete fatty acid oxidation and citrate synthase activity relative to controls. These results confirm that fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue is dynamically controlled by nutritional status. Identifying the underlying mechanism may provide new therapeutic targets through which to increase fatty acid oxidation in situ and protect against the detrimental effects of excess free fatty acids on adipocyte insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Torchon
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Rodney Ray
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- The Metabolic Phenotyping Core at Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ryan P. McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- The Metabolic Phenotyping Core at Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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36
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Casteras S, Abdul-Wahed A, Soty M, Vulin F, Guillou H, Campana M, Le Stunff H, Pirola L, Rajas F, Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A. The suppression of hepatic glucose production improves metabolism and insulin sensitivity in subcutaneous adipose tissue in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2645-2653. [PMID: 27631137 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Despite the strong correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis is associated with greater whole-body insulin sensitivity in several models. We previously reported that the inhibition of hepatic glucose production (HGP) protects against the development of obesity and diabetes despite severe steatosis, thanks to the secretion of specific hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and angiopoietin-related growth factor. In this work, we focused on adipose tissue to assess whether liver metabolic fluxes might, by interorgan communication, control insulin signalling in lean animals. METHODS Insulin signalling was studied in the adipose tissue of mice lacking the catalytic subunit of glucose 6-phosphatase, the key enzyme in endogenous glucose production, in the liver (L-G6pc -/- mice). Morphological and metabolic changes in the adipose tissues were characterised by histological analyses, gene expression and protein content. RESULTS Mice lacking HGP exhibited improved insulin sensitivity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in the subcutaneous adipose tissue associated with a browning of adipocytes. The suppression of HGP increased FGF21 levels in lean animals, and increased FGF21 was responsible for the metabolic changes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue but not for its greater insulin sensitivity. The latter might be linked to an increase in the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids released by the liver. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides evidence that HGP controls subcutaneous adipose tissue browning and insulin sensitivity through two pathways: the release of beneficial hepatokines and changes in hepatic fatty acids profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Casteras
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aya Abdul-Wahed
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maud Soty
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fanny Vulin
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- INRA, ToxAlim UMR1331 (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Campana
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative -UMR CNRS 8251, Université Paris- Diderot (7), Paris, France
- I2BC - UMR 9198 Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative -UMR CNRS 8251, Université Paris- Diderot (7), Paris, France
- I2BC - UMR 9198 Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CarMeN, Oullins, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amandine Gautier-Stein
- Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France.
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.
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37
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Mock K, Lateef S, Benedito VA, Tou JC. High-fructose corn syrup-55 consumption alters hepatic lipid metabolism and promotes triglyceride accumulation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 39:32-39. [PMID: 27768909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High-fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55) has been suggested to be more lipogenic than sucrose, which increases the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dyslipidemia. The study objectives were to determine the effects of drinking different sugar-sweetened solutions on hepatic gene expression in relation to liver fatty acid composition and risk of NAFLD. Female rats were randomly assigned (n=7 rats/group) to drink water or water sweetened with 13% (w/v) HFCS-55, sucrose or fructose for 8 weeks. Rats drinking HFCS-55 solution had the highest (P=.03) hepatic total lipid and triglyceride content and histological evidence of fat infiltration. Rats drinking HFCS-55 solution had the highest hepatic de novo lipogenesis indicated by the up-regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and the highest (P<.001) oleic acid (18:1n-9) content. This was accompanied by reduced β-oxidation indicated by down-regulation of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Disposal of excess lipids by export of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein from the liver was increased as shown by up-regulation of gene expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in rats drinking sucrose, but not HFCS-55 solution. The observed lipogenic effects were attributed to the slightly higher fructose content of HFCS-55 solution in the absence of differences in macronutrient and total caloric intake between rats drinking HFCS-55 and sucrose solution. Results from gene expression and fatty acid composition analysis showed that, in a hypercaloric state, some types of sugars are more detrimental to the liver. Based on these preclinical study results, excess consumption of caloric sweetened beverage, particularly HFCS-sweetened beverages, should be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Mock
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Sundus Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Vagner A Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Janet C Tou
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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38
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Chiappini F, Desterke C, Bertrand-Michel J, Guettier C, Le Naour F. Hepatic and serum lipid signatures specific to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in murine models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31587. [PMID: 27510159 PMCID: PMC4980672 DOI: 10.1038/srep31587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is a precursor of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Markers for diagnosis of NASH are still lacking. We have investigated lipid markers using mouse models that developed NAFL when fed with high fat diet (HFD) or NASH when fed using methionine choline deficient diet (MCDD). We have performed a comprehensive lipidomic analysis on liver tissues as well as on sera from mice fed HFD (n = 5), MCDD (n = 5) or normal diet as controls (n = 10). Machine learning approach based on prediction analysis of microarrays followed by random forests allowed identifying 21 lipids out of 149 in the liver and 14 lipids out of 155 in the serum discriminating mice fed MCDD from HFD or controls. In conclusion, the global approach implemented allowed characterizing lipid signatures specific to NASH in both liver and serum from animal models. This opens new avenue for investigating early and non-invasive lipid markers for diagnosis of NASH in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Chiappini
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Univ Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Inserm, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | | | - Catherine Guettier
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,AP-HP Hôpital du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Le Kremlin, F-94275, France
| | - François Le Naour
- Inserm, Unité 1193, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Univ Paris-Sud, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,DHU Hepatinov, Villejuif, F-94800, France.,Inserm, US33, Villejuif, F-94800, France
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39
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Liu X, Burhans MS, Flowers MT, Ntambi JM. Hepatic oleate regulates liver stress response partially through PGC-1α during high-carbohydrate feeding. J Hepatol 2016; 65:103-112. [PMID: 26976120 PMCID: PMC4939798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High-carbohydrate diets contribute to the development of liver stress and fatty liver disease. While saturated fatty acids are known to induce liver stress, the role of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), synthesized by the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) family of enzymes, in regulation of liver function during lipogenic dietary conditions remains largely unknown. The major products of SCD-catalyzed reactions are oleate (18:1n-9) and palmitoleate (16:1n-7). METHODS We generated mouse models with restricted exogenous MUFA supply and reduced endogenous MUFA synthesis, in which SCD1 global knockout (GKO) or liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice were fed a lipogenic high-sucrose very low-fat (HSVLF) or high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. In a gain-of-function context, we introduced liver-specific expression of either human SCD5, which synthesizes 18:1n-9, or mouse Scd3, which synthesizes 16:1n-7, into SCD1 GKO mice and fed the HSVLF diet. RESULTS Lipogenic high-carbohydrate diets induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation in SCD1 GKO and LKO mice. Dietary supplementation with 18:1n-9, but not 18:0, prevented the HSVLF diet-induced hepatic ER stress and inflammation in SCD1 LKO mice, while hepatic SCD5, but not Scd3, expression reduced the ER stress and inflammation in GKO mice. Additional experiments revealed liver-specific deletion of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α reduced hepatic inflammatory and ER stress response gene expression in SCD1 LKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an indispensable role of hepatic oleate in protection against lipogenic diet-induced hepatic injury, and PGC-1α potentiates the ER stress response under conditions of restricted dietary oleate coupled to reduced capacity of endogenous hepatic oleate synthesis. LAY SUMMARY Susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In this study we show that modulation of two genes regulates the liver response, including ER stress and inflammation, to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet. We reveal that hepatic availability of oleate, a monounsaturated fatty acid, is important for maintenance of liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Maggie S. Burhans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew T. Flowers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - James M. Ntambi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA,Corresponding author. Address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Tel.: +1 6082399074. (J.M. Ntambi)
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40
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Yilmaz M, Claiborn KC, Hotamisligil GS. De Novo Lipogenesis Products and Endogenous Lipokines. Diabetes 2016; 65:1800-7. [PMID: 27288005 PMCID: PMC4915584 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that in addition to their traditionally recognized functions as building blocks, energy stores, or hazardous intermediates, lipids also have the ability to act as signaling molecules with potent effects on systemic metabolism and metabolic diseases. This Perspective highlights this somewhat less apparent biology of lipids, especially focusing on de novo lipogenesis as a process that gives rise to key messenger molecules mediating interorgan communication. Elucidating the mechanisms of lipid-dependent coordination of metabolism promises invaluable insights into the understanding of metabolic diseases and may contribute to the development of a new generation of preventative and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn C Claiborn
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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41
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Scheja L, Heeren J. Metabolic interplay between white, beige, brown adipocytes and the liver. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1176-1186. [PMID: 26829204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian evolution, three types of adipocytes have developed, white, brown and beige adipocytes. White adipocytes are the major constituents of white adipose tissue (WAT), the predominant store for energy-dense triglycerides in the body that are released as fatty acids during catabolic conditions. The less abundant brown adipocytes, the defining parenchymal cells of brown adipose tissue (BAT), internalize triglycerides that are stored intracellularly in multilocular lipid droplets. Beige adipocytes (also known as brite or inducible brown adipocytes) are functionally very similar to brown adipocytes and emerge in specific WAT depots in response to various stimuli including sustained cold exposure. The activation of brown and beige adipocytes (together referred to as thermogenic adipocytes) causes both the hydrolysis of stored triglycerides as well as the uptake of lipids and glucose from the circulation. Together, these fuels are combusted for heat production to maintain body temperature in mammals including adult humans. Given that heating by brown and beige adipocytes is a very-well controlled and energy-demanding process which entails pronounced shifts in energy fluxes, it is not surprising that an intensive interplay exists between the various adipocyte types and parenchymal liver cells, and that this influences systemic metabolic fluxes and endocrine networks. In this review we will emphasize the role of hepatic factors that regulate the metabolic activity of white and thermogenic adipocytes. In addition, we will discuss the relevance of lipids and hormones that are secreted by white, brown and beige adipocytes regulating liver metabolism in order to maintain systemic energy metabolism in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Kawabata K, Karahashi M, Sakamoto T, Tsuji Y, Yamazaki T, Okazaki M, Mitsumoto A, Kudo N, Kawashima Y. Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Plays a Key Role in Regulating cis-Palmitoleic Acid Levels in the Liver. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1995-2008. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yukiho Tsuji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | | | - Mari Okazaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | | | - Naomi Kudo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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