1
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Yu J, Du Y, Liu C, Xie Y, Yuan M, Shan M, Li N, Liu C, Wang Y, Qin J. Low GPR81 in ER + breast cancer cells drives tamoxifen resistance through inducing PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Life Sci 2024; 350:122763. [PMID: 38823505 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The intricate molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast carcinogenesis and resistance to endocrine therapy remain elusive. In this study, we elucidate the pivotal role of GPR81, a G protein-coupled receptor, in ER+ breast cancer (BC) by demonstrating low expression of GPR81 in tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant ER+ BC cell lines and tumor samples, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) levels and lipid accumulation were explored using MDA and FAβO assay, BODIPY 493/503 staining, and Lipid TOX staining. Autophagy levels were assayed using CYTO-ID detection and Western blotting. The impact of GPR81 on TAM resistance in BC was investigated through CCK8 assay, colony formation assay and a xenograft mice model. RESULTS Aberrantly low GPR81 expression in TAM-resistant BC cells disrupts the Rap1 pathway, leading to the upregulation of PPARα and CPT1. This elevation in PPARα/CPT1 enhances FAO, impedes lipid accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation, and subsequently inhibits cell autophagy, ultimately promoting TAM-resistant BC cell growth. Moreover, targeting GPR81 and FAO emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy, as the GPR81 agonist and the CPT1 inhibitor etomoxir effectively inhibit ER+ BC cell and tumor growth in vivo, re-sensitizing TAM-resistant ER+ cells to TAM treatment. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the critical and functionally significant role of GPR81 in promoting ER+ breast tumorigenesis and resistance to endocrine therapy. GPR81 and FAO levels show potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical settings for TAM-resistant ER+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengci Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meihua Shan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China.
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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2
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Meng X, Wu W, Tang Y, Peng M, Yang J, Yuan S, Hu Z, Liu W. Lactate/Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications-Exercise Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04067-x. [PMID: 38427215 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactate has a novel function different from previously known functions despite its traditional association with hypoxia in skeletal muscle. It plays various direct and indirect physiological functions. It is a vital energy source within the central nervous system (CNS) and a signal transmitter regulating crucial processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Activating lactate and its associated receptors elicits effects like synaptic plasticity and angiogenesis alterations. These effects can significantly influence the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle, potentially impacting cognitive performance. Decreased cognitive function relates to different neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), ischemic brain injury, and frontotemporal dementia. Therefore, lactic acid has significant potential for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Exercise is a method that induces the production of lactic acid, which is similar to the effect of lactate injections. It is a harmless and natural way to achieve comparable results. Animal experiments demonstrate that high-intensity intermittent exercise can increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, thus promoting angiogenesis. In vivo, lactate receptor-hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activation can occur by various stimuli, including variations in ion concentrations, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level elevations, and fluctuations in the availability of energy substrates. While several articles have been published on the benefits of physical activity on developing Alzheimer's disease in the CNS, could lactic acid act as a bridge? Understanding how HCAR1 responds to these signals and initiates associated pathways remains incomplete. This review comprehensively analyzes lactate-induced signaling pathways, investigating their influence on neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Consequently, this study describes the unique role of lactate in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Yingzhe Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jialun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Zelin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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3
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Yan P, Liu J, Li Z, Wang J, Zhu Z, Wang L, Yu G. Glycolysis Reprogramming in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling the Mystery of Lactate in the Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:315. [PMID: 38203486 PMCID: PMC10779333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of fibrotic connective tissue in the lungs. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic alterations, particularly glycolysis reprogramming, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IPF. Lactate, once considered a metabolic waste product, is now recognized as a signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes. In the context of IPF, lactate has been shown to promote fibroblast activation, myofibroblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, lactate can modulate immune responses and contribute to the pro-inflammatory microenvironment observed in IPF. In addition, lactate has been implicated in the crosstalk between different cell types involved in IPF; it can influence cell-cell communication, cytokine production, and the activation of profibrotic signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize the current research progress on the role of glycolytic reprogramming and lactate in IPF and its potential implications to clarify the role of lactate in IPF and to provide a reference and direction for future research. In conclusion, elucidating the intricate interplay between lactate metabolism and fibrotic processes may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis, Pingyuan Laboratory, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; (P.Y.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (J.W.); (Z.Z.)
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4
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Mohammad Nezhady MA, Modaresinejad M, Zia A, Chemtob S. Versatile lactate signaling via HCAR1: a multifaceted GPCR involved in many biological processes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1502-C1515. [PMID: 37899751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs) are the ultimate refuge of pharmacology and medicine as more than 40% of all marketed drugs are directly targeting these receptors. Through cell surface expression, they are at the forefront of cellular communication with the outside world. Metabolites among the conveyors of this communication are becoming more prominent with the recognition of them as ligands for GPCRs. HCAR1 is a GPCR conveyor of lactate. It is a class A GPCR coupled to Gαi which reduces cellular cAMP along with the downstream Gβγ signaling. It was first found to inhibit lipolysis, and lately has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including neural activities, angiogenesis, inflammation, vision, cardiovascular function, stem cell proliferation, and involved in promoting pathogenesis for different conditions, such as cancer. Other than signaling from the plasma membrane, HCAR1 shows nuclear localization with different location-biased activities therein. Although different functions for HCAR1 are being discovered, its cell and molecular mechanisms are yet ill understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on HCAR1, which covers the literature on the subject, and discusses its importance and relevance in various biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monir Modaresinejad
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliabbas Zia
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Kretschmer K, Zellmann T, Mörl K, Beck-Sickinger AG. Stable Binding of Full-Length Chemerin Is Driven by Negative Charges in the CMKLR1 N Terminus. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300280. [PMID: 37186779 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The adipokine chemerin is the endogenous ligand of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This protein ligand plays an important role in obesity and inflammatory processes. Stable receptor-ligand interactions are highly relevant for its different physiological effects such as the migration of immune cells towards sites of inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that negative charges in the CMKLR1 N terminus are involved in the formation of strong contacts with a specific positively charged patch at the surface of full-length chemerin, which is absent in the short nonapeptide agonist chemerin-9, thus explaining its reduced affinity. Using receptor chimera of G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and CMKLR1, we were able to identify the residues of this interaction and its relevance for stable full-length chemerin binding. This could help to develop more potent ligands for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kretschmer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tristan Zellmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karin Mörl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette G Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Liu T, Han S, Yao Y, Zhang G. Role of Human Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (hMCT1) and 4 (hMCT4) in Tumor Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:957-975. [PMID: 37693221 PMCID: PMC10487743 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s421771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the abnormal glucose metabolism of tumor cells has attracted increasing attention. Abnormal glucose metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) transport the sugar metabolites lactic acid and pyruvate, which affect glucose metabolism and tumor progression in a variety of ways. Thus, research has recently focused on MCTs and their potential functions in cancer. The MCT superfamily consists of 14 members. MCT1 and MCT4 play a crucial role in the maintenance of intracellular pH in tumor cells by transporting monocarboxylic acids (such as lactate, pyruvate and butyrate). MCT1 and MCT4 are highly expressed in a variety of tumor cells and are involved the proliferation, invasion and migration of tumor cells, which are closely related to the prognosis of cancer. Because of their important functions in tumor cells, MCT1 and MCT4 have become potential targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the structure, function and regulation of MCT1 and MCT4 and discuss the developed inhibitors of MCT1 and MCT4 to provide more comprehensive information that might aid in the development of strategies targeting MCTs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangcong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Guo S, Zhou J, Lou P, Weng L, Ye X, Guo J, Liu H, Ma R. Potentiated effects of lactate receptor GPR81 on immune microenvironment in breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1369-1377. [PMID: 37249360 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR81), as lactate receptor, is an upstart in immune regulation, however, its mechanisms involved in tumor escape have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the effects of GPR81 activation on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and macrophages. The expression and relationship with immune infiltration of GPR81 were analyzed with TCGA database. Checkpoints and cytokines were evaluated with flow cytometry or ELISA. The TCGA-based data showed a marked decrease of GPR81 in breast cancer (BRCA) compared with normal breast, especially in the basal-like subtype. In normal mammary tissues, GPR81 had negative correlation with various immune checkpoints, nevertheless, this trend weakened accompanied with the reduction of GPR81. GPR81 stimulation had a significantly inhibitory influence on PD-L1 exposure in BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, but not in MDA-MB-453 cell line. The pretreatment of siGPR81 to knockdown GPR81 expression resulted in a remitting of PD-L1 reduction when MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with GPR81 agonist 1. However, little effect of GPR81 activation was observed on the expression of PD-L1 on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced THP-1 cells. Furthermore, GPR81 agonist 1 exerted no significant impact on the secretion of cytokines in THP-1 cells. In general, it is suggested that GPR81 may facilitate immune monitoring via the reduction of PD-L1 in TNBC with glycolytic phenotype. Our results not only provide a novel insight into the effects of GPR81 on immune evasion but a potential therapy targeting GPR81 in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenchao Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengrong Lou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Weng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Ye
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Surgery Teaching and Research Section, Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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8
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Colucci ACM, Tassinari ID, Loss EDS, de Fraga LS. History and Function of the Lactate Receptor GPR81/HCAR1 in the Brain: A Putative Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia. Neuroscience 2023; 526:144-163. [PMID: 37391123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
GPR81 is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) discovered in 2001, but deorphanized only 7 years later, when its affinity for lactate as an endogenous ligand was demonstrated. More recently, GPR81 expression and distribution in the brain were also confirmed and the function of lactate as a volume transmitter has been suggested since then. These findings shed light on a new function of lactate acting as a signaling molecule in the central nervous system, in addition to its well-known role as a metabolic fuel for neurons. GPR81 seems to act as a metabolic sensor, coupling energy metabolism, synaptic activity, and blood flow. Activation of this receptor leads to Gi-mediated downregulation of adenylyl cyclase and subsequent reduction in cAMP levels, regulating several downstream pathways. Recent studies have also suggested the potential role of lactate as a neuroprotective agent, mainly under brain ischemic conditions. This effect is usually attributed to the metabolic role of lactate, but the underlying mechanisms need further investigation and could be related to lactate signaling via GPR81. The activation of GPR81 showed promising results for neuroprotection: it modulates many processes involved in the pathophysiology of ischemia. In this review, we summarize the history of GPR81, starting with its deorphanization; then, we discuss GPR81 expression and distribution, signaling transduction cascades, and neuroprotective roles. Lastly, we propose GPR81 as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Clara Machado Colucci
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eloísa da Silveira Loss
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental (LABENEX), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Metabolismo (NeuroMet), Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, lab. 660, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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9
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Skwarzynska D, Sun H, Williamson J, Kasprzak I, Kapur J. Glycolysis regulates neuronal excitability via lactate receptor, HCA1R. Brain 2023; 146:1888-1902. [PMID: 36346130 PMCID: PMC10411940 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitively firing neurons during seizures accelerate glycolysis to meet energy demand, which leads to the accumulation of extracellular glycolytic by-product lactate. Here, we demonstrate that lactate rapidly modulates neuronal excitability in times of metabolic stress via the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor type 1 (HCA1R) to modify seizure activity. The extracellular lactate concentration, measured by a biosensor, rose quickly during brief and prolonged seizures. In two epilepsy models, mice lacking HCA1R (lactate receptor) were more susceptible to developing seizures. Moreover, HCA1R deficient (knockout) mice developed longer and more severe seizures than wild-type littermates. Lactate perfusion decreased tonic and phasic activity of CA1 pyramidal neurons in genetically encoded calcium indicator 7 imaging experiments. HCA1R agonist 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (3CL-HBA) reduced the activity of CA1 neurons in HCA1R WT but not in knockout mice. In patch-clamp recordings, both lactate and 3CL-HBA hyperpolarized CA1 pyramidal neurons. HCA1R activation reduced the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequency and altered the paired-pulse ratio of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in HCA1R wild-type but not in knockout mice, suggesting it diminished presynaptic release of excitatory neurotransmitters. Overall, our studies demonstrate that excessive neuronal activity accelerates glycolysis to generate lactate, which translocates to the extracellular space to slow neuronal firing and inhibit excitatory transmission via HCA1R. These studies may identify novel anticonvulsant target and seizure termination mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Skwarzynska
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Huayu Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John Williamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Izabela Kasprzak
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jaideep Kapur
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- UVA Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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10
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Nordström F, Liegnell R, Apró W, Blackwood SJ, Katz A, Moberg M. The lactate receptor GPR81 is predominantly expressed in type II human skeletal muscle fibers: potential for lactate autocrine signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C477-C487. [PMID: 36622074 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00443.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gi-coupled protein receptor 81 (GPR81) was first identified in adipocytes as a receptor for l-lactate, which upon binding inhibits cyclicAMP (cAMP)-protein kinase (PKA)-cAMP-response element binding (CREB) signaling. Moreover, incubation of myotubes with lactate augments expression of GPR81 and genes and proteins involved in lactate- and energy metabolism. However, characterization of GPR81 expression and investigation of related signaling in human skeletal muscle under conditions of elevated circulating lactate levels are lacking. Muscle biopsies were obtained from healthy men and women at rest, after leg extension exercise, with or without venous infusion of sodium lactate, and 90 and 180 min after exercise (8 men and 8 women). Analyses included protein and mRNA levels of GPR81, as well as GPR81-dependent signaling molecules. GPR81 expression was 2.5-fold higher in type II glycolytic compared with type I oxidative muscle fibers, and the expression was inversely related to the percentage of type I muscle fibers. Muscle from women expressed about 25% more GPR81 protein than from men. Global PKA activity increased by 5%-8% after exercise, with no differences between trials. CREBS133 phosphorylation was reduced by 30% after exercise and remained repressed during the entire trials, with no influence of the lactate infusion. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) were increased by 2.5-6-fold during recovery, and that of lactate dehydrogenase reduced by 15% with no differences between trials for any gene at any time point. The high expression of GPR81-protein in type II fibers suggests that lactate functions as an autocrine signaling molecule in muscle; however, lactate does not appear to regulate CREB signaling during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Nordström
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, https://ror.org/046hach49Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Liegnell
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, https://ror.org/046hach49Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William Apró
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, https://ror.org/046hach49Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah J Blackwood
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, https://ror.org/046hach49Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, https://ror.org/046hach49Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Moberg
- Åstrand Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, https://ror.org/046hach49Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Understanding the Contribution of Lactate Metabolism in Cancer Progress: A Perspective from Isomers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010087. [PMID: 36612084 PMCID: PMC9817756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate mediates multiple cell-intrinsic effects in cancer metabolism in terms of development, maintenance, and metastasis and is often correlated with poor prognosis. Its functions are undertaken as an energy source for neighboring carcinoma cells and serve as a lactormone for oncogenic signaling pathways. Indeed, two isomers of lactate are produced in the Warburg effect: L-lactate and D-lactate. L-lactate is the main end-production of glycolytic fermentation which catalyzes glucose, and tiny D-lactate is fabricated through the glyoxalase system. Their production inevitably affects cancer development and therapy. Here, we systematically review the mechanisms of lactate isomers production, and highlight emerging evidence of the carcinogenic biological effects of lactate and its isomers in cancer. Accordingly, therapy that targets lactate and its metabolism is a promising approach for anticancer treatment.
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12
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Shatova OP, Shegay PV, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV, Kaprin AD. Lactate: a New Look at the Role of an Evolutionarily Ancient Metabolite. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302206028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Lin J, Liu G, Chen L, Kwok HF, Lin Y. Targeting lactate-related cell cycle activities for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1231-1243. [PMID: 36328311 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lactate has long been considered as a metabolic by-product of aerobic glycolysis for cancer. However, more and more studies have shown that lactate can regulate cancer progression via multiple mechanisms such as cell cycle regulation, immune suppression, energy metabolism and so on. A recent discovery of lactylation attracted a lot of attention and is already a hot topic in the cancer field. In this review, we summarized the latest functions of lactate and its underlying mechanisms in cancer. We also included our analysis of protein lactylation in different rat organs and compared them with other published lactylation data. The unresolved challenges in this field were discussed, and the potential application of these new discoveries of lactate-related cell cycle activities for cancer target therapy was speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, the Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, the Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Lidian Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, the Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
| | - Yao Lin
- Central Laboratory at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, the Institute of Rehabilitation Industry, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China; Fujian-Macao Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Oriented Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment, Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Peng Q, Zheng J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Ma A, Qin Y, Qin Z, Zheng X. The function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment. Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492749 PMCID: PMC10363641 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is an end product of glycolysis. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, increasing researchers indicate lactate as a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration and as a precursor of gluconeogenesis. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, and anti-inflammation wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, increasing evidence reveals that lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, which accounts for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we summarize the function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment.
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15
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Min HY, Hwang J, Choi Y, Jo YH. Overexpressing the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 in mouse brown adipose tissue restores glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E231-E241. [PMID: 35830691 PMCID: PMC9423771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00084.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in controlling glucose homeostasis. Increased glucose entry and glycolysis in BAT result in lactate production and release. The adipose tissue expresses the lactate receptor hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1), markedly downregulated in male diet-induced obese (DIO) and ob/ob mice. In this study, we examined the role of HCAR1 in BAT in controlling glucose homeostasis in male DIO mice. We overexpressed HCAR1 in BAT by injecting adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) expressing HCAR1 into the BAT pads of male DIO C57BL/6J mice. Overexpressing HCAR1 in BAT resulted in augmented glucose uptake by BAT in response to treatment with the HCAR1 agonist. HCAR1 overexpression elevated BAT temperature associated with increased thermogenic gene expression in BAT. HCAR1 overexpression prevented body weight gain in male DIO mice. Importantly, mice overexpressing HCAR1 in BAT exhibited improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. HCAR1 overexpression upregulated the Slc2a4 gene expression and promoted GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane. In addition, mice overexpressing HCAR1 displayed a decrease in hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) phosphorylation and increased lipogenic enzyme gene expression in BAT. Unlike DIO mice, overexpressing HCAR1 in BAT of mice fed a low-fat diet did not change body weight gain and glucose homeostasis. Taken together, our results support the interpretation that HCAR1 expressed in BAT promotes glucose entry and reduces lipolysis in BAT of male DIO mice. As activation of HCAR1 in BAT restores body weight, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in male DIO mice, our study suggests that interoceptive lactate detection via HCAR1 in BAT can regulate glucose and lipid substrate utilization and/or availability to promote healthy metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY HCAR1 expressed in BAT can promote glucose entry and reduce lipolysis, resulting in body weight loss and increased insulin sensitivity. Hence, targeting HCAR1 in BAT would provide an alternative way to control body weight and euglycemia in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Young Min
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Jiyeon Hwang
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Yuna Choi
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Young-Hwan Jo
- The Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York
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16
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Song CH, Kim YH, Naskar M, Hayes BW, Abraham MA, Noh JH, Suk G, Kim MJ, Cho KS, Shin M, Lee EJ, Abraham SN, Choi HW. Lactobacillus crispatus Limits Bladder Uropathogenic E. coli Infection by Triggering a Host Type I Interferon Response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117904119. [PMID: 35939684 PMCID: PMC9388105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117904119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recurrent because uropathogens persist within the bladder epithelial cells (BECs) for extended periods between bouts of infection. Because persistent uropathogens are intracellular, they are often refractive to antibiotic treatment. The recent discovery of endogenous Lactobacillus spp. in the bladders of healthy humans raised the question of whether these endogenous bacteria directly or indirectly impact intracellular bacterial burden in the bladder. Here, we report that in contrast to healthy women, female patients experiencing recurrent UTIs have a bladder population of Lactobacilli that is markedly reduced. Exposing infected human BECs to L. crispatus in vitro markedly reduced the intracellular uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) load. The adherence of Lactobacilli to BECs was found to result in increased type I interferon (IFN) production, which in turn enhanced the expression of cathepsin D within lysosomes harboring UPECs. This lysosomal cathepsin D-mediated UPEC killing was diminished in germ-free mice and type I IFN receptor-deficient mice. Secreted metabolites of L. crispatus seemed to be responsible for the increased expression of type I IFN in human BECs. Intravesicular administration of Lactobacilli into UPEC-infected murine bladders markedly reduced their intracellular bacterial load suggesting that components of the endogenous microflora can have therapeutic effects against UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Song
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, 14584, South Korea
| | - Manisha Naskar
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Byron W Hayes
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Mathew A Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Joo Hwan Noh
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Gyeongseo Suk
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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17
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Yan Y, Xu R, Li X, Yao Z, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. Unexpected immunoregulation effects of D-lactate, different from L-lactate. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2068508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Yao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Cai M, Wang H, Song H, Yang R, Wang L, Xue X, Sun W, Hu J. Lactate Is Answerable for Brain Function and Treating Brain Diseases: Energy Substrates and Signal Molecule. Front Nutr 2022; 9:800901. [PMID: 35571940 PMCID: PMC9099001 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.800901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research to date has provided novel insights into lactate's positive role in multiple brain functions and several brain diseases. Although notable controversies and discrepancies remain, the neurobiological role and the metabolic mechanisms of brain lactate have now been described. A theoretical framework on the relevance between lactate and brain function and brain diseases is presented. This review begins with the source and route of lactate formation in the brain and food; goes on to uncover the regulatory effect of lactate on brain function; and progresses to gathering the application and concentration variation of lactate in several brain diseases (diabetic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy) treatment. Finally, the dual role of lactate in the brain is discussed. This review highlights the biological effect of lactate, especially L-lactate, in brain function and disease studies and amplifies our understanding of past research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbiao Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wanju Sun
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Jingyun Hu
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19
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The lactate sensor GPR81 regulates glycolysis and tumor growth of breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6261. [PMID: 35428832 PMCID: PMC9012857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a malignant phenotype of cancer. Cancer cells utilize glycolysis to fuel rapid proliferation even in the presence of oxygen, and elevated glycolysis is coupled to lactate fermentation in the cancer microenvironment. Although lactate has been recognized as a metabolic waste product, it has become evident that lactate functions as not only an energy source but a signaling molecule through the lactate receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) under physiological conditions. However, the pathological role of GPR81 in cancer remains unclear. Here, we show that GPR81 regulates the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cell by reprogramming energy metabolism. We found that GPR81 is highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines but not in normal breast epithelial cells. Knockdown of GPR81 decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, and tumor growth. Mechanistically, glycolysis and lactate-dependent ATP production were impaired in GPR81-silenced breast cancer cells. RNA sequencing accompanied by Gene Ontology enrichment analysis further demonstrated a significant decrease in genes associated with cell motility and silencing of GPR81 suppressed cell migration and invasion. Notably, histological examination showed strong expression of GPR81 in clinical samples of human breast cancer. Collectively, our findings suggest that GPR81 is critical for malignancy of breast cancer and may be a potential novel therapeutic target for breast carcinoma.
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20
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Órdenes P, Villar PS, Tarifeño-Saldivia E, Salgado M, Elizondo-Vega R, Araneda RC, García-Robles MA. Lactate activates hypothalamic POMC neurons by intercellular signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21644. [PMID: 34737351 PMCID: PMC8569171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that the activity of hypothalamic POMC neurons can be regulated by glucose via intracellular mechanisms, but its regulation by lactate is poorly understood. In addition to its energetic role, lactate acts as a signaling molecule. In this study, we evaluated the function and location of the lactate receptor, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1). We used a conditional genetic approach to label POMC neurons and evaluated their sensitivity to lactate using patch-clamp recordings. l-Lactate and 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (3Cl-HBA), HCAR1 specific agonist depolarized POMC neurons and the increase in excitability was abolished by pertussis toxin (PTX), indicating the involvement of Gαi/o-protein-coupled receptors. In addition, the depolarization of a subset of POMC neurons was sensitive to α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (4-CIN), a lactate transporter blocker, suggesting that the depolarization induced by l-lactate can also occur by direct intracellular action. Surprisingly, HCAR1 was not detected in POMC neurons, but instead localized in astrocytes. These results suggest a new lactate-mediated mechanism for astrocyte-neuron intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Órdenes
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - P S Villar
- Department of Biology Bioscience Research Bldg R-1114, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - E Tarifeño-Saldivia
- Gene Expression and Regulation Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Salgado
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Elizondo-Vega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo C Araneda
- Department of Biology Bioscience Research Bldg R-1114, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - María A García-Robles
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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21
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Microbiota-derived lactate promotes hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis by inducing stem cell factor production from leptin receptor+ niche cells. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1319-1331. [PMID: 34497346 PMCID: PMC8492757 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although functional interplay between intestinal microbiota and distant sites beyond the gut has been identified, the influence of microbiota-derived metabolites on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains unclear. This study investigated the role of microbiota-derived lactate in hematopoiesis using mice deficient in G-protein-coupled receptor (Gpr) 81 (Gpr81-/-), an established lactate receptor. We detected significant depletion of total HSCs in the bone marrow (BM) of Gpr81-/- mice compared with heterogenic (Gpr81+/-) mice in a steady state. Notably, the expression levels of stem cell factor (SCF), which is required for the proliferation of HSCs, decreased significantly in leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) around the sinusoidal vessels of the BM from Gpr81-/- mice compared with Gpr81+/- mice. Hematopoietic recovery and activation of BM niche cells after irradiation or busulfan treatment also required Gpr81 signals. Oral administration of lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) activated SCF secretion from LepR+ BM MSCs and subsequently accelerated hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis. Most importantly, LAB feeding accelerated the self-renewal of HSCs in germ-free mice. These results suggest that microbiota-derived lactate stimulates SCF secretion by LepR+ BM MSCs and subsequently activates hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis in a Gpr81-dependent manner.
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22
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Abstract
After almost a century of misunderstanding, it is time to appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important feature of energy flux and metabolic regulation that involves a complex series of metabolic, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and cardiac events in vivo. Cell–cell and intracellular lactate shuttles in the heart and between the heart and other tissues fulfill essential purposes of energy substrate production and distribution as well as cell signaling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. One powerful example of cell–cell lactate shuttling was the exchange of carbohydrate energy in the form of lactate between working limb skeletal muscle and the heart. The exchange of mass represented a conservation of mass that required the integration of neuroendocrine, autoregulatory, and cardiovascular systems. Now, with greater scrutiny and recognition of the effect of the cardiac cycle on myocardial blood flow, there brings an appreciation that metabolic fluxes must accommodate to pressure-flow realities within an organ in which they occur. Therefore, the presence of an intra-cardiac lactate shuttle is posited to explain how cardiac mechanics and metabolism are synchronized. Specifically, interruption of blood flow during the isotonic phase of systole is supported by glycolysis and subsequent return of blood flow during diastole allows for recovery sustained by oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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23
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Barella LF, Jain S, Kimura T, Pydi SP. Metabolic roles of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in obesity and type 2 diabetes. FEBS J 2021; 288:2622-2644. [PMID: 33682344 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing steadily worldwide. It is estimated that by 2045 more than 800 million people will be suffering from diabetes. Despite the advancements in modern medicine, more effective therapies for treating obesity and T2D are needed. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as important drug targets for various chronic diseases, including obesity, T2D, and liver diseases. During the past two decades, many laboratories worldwide focused on understanding the role of GPCR signaling in regulating glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. The information gained from these studies can guide the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize recent studies providing insights into the role of GPCR signaling in peripheral, metabolically important tissues such as pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, focusing primarily on the use of mutant animal models and human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sai P Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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24
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Li Z, McCafferty KJ, Judd RL. Role of HCA 2 in Regulating Intestinal Homeostasis and Suppressing Colon Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606384. [PMID: 33708203 PMCID: PMC7940178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) is vital for sensing intermediates of metabolism, including β-hydroxybutyrate and butyrate. It also regulates profound anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues, indicating that HCA2 may serve as an essential therapeutic target for mediating inflammation-associated diseases. Butyrate and niacin, endogenous and exogenous ligands of HCA2, have been reported to play an essential role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. HCA2, predominantly expressed in diverse immune cells, is also present in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), where it regulates the intricate communication network between diet, microbiota, and immune cells. This review summarizes the physiological role of HCA2 in intestinal homeostasis and its pathological role in intestinal inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Kayleen J McCafferty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert L Judd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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25
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Brooks GA, Arevalo JA, Osmond AD, Leija RG, Curl CC, Tovar AP. Lactate in contemporary biology: a phoenix risen. J Physiol 2021; 600:1229-1251. [PMID: 33566386 PMCID: PMC9188361 DOI: 10.1113/jp280955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo. Cell‐cell and intracellular lactate shuttles fulfil purposes of energy substrate production and distribution, as well as cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal and satiety signalling has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristics such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, and memory. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signalling and shuttling are dysregulated as occurs in particular illnesses and injuries. Like a phoenix, lactate has risen to major importance in 21st century biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jose A Arevalo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Adam D Osmond
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert G Leija
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Casey C Curl
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley P Tovar
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Oliveira de Souza C, Sun X, Oh D. Metabolic Functions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and β-Arrestin-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:715877. [PMID: 34497585 PMCID: PMC8419444 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.715877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), often termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are the most common target of therapeutic drugs used today. Many studies suggest that distinct members of the GPCR superfamily represent potential targets for the treatment of various metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GPCRs typically activate different classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, which can be subgrouped into four major functional types: Gαs, Gαi, Gαq/11, and G12/13, in response to agonist binding. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPCRs can also initiate β-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent signaling. Thus, the physiological outcome of activating a certain GPCR in a particular tissue may also be modulated by β-arrestin-dependent, but G protein-independent signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the role of G protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways in the development of obesity and T2D-related metabolic disorders.
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27
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Yao Z, Yan Y, Zheng X, Wang M, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. Dietary Lactate Supplementation Protects against Obesity by Promoting Adipose Browning in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14841-14849. [PMID: 33284607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yogurt has been widely used in weight-loss foods to prevent obesity, but its molecular nature remains unclear. Lactate is a major ingredient of yogurt, while its cognate cell surface receptor GPR81 is highly expressed in adipose tissues in mammals. Here we hypothesized that dietary lactate supplementation might activate GPR81 to promote adipose browning. Studying mouse models, we observed that GPR81 was substantially lowered in adipose tissue of obese mice compared with that for lean ones, whereas its expression was markedly up-regulated by a β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist. The deficiency of GPR81 greatly attenuated experimental adipose browning and thermogenesis. Importantly, oral administration of lactate effectively induced adipose browning, enhanced thermogenesis, improved dyslipidemia, and protected mice against high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase might serve as a key downstream effect or of GPR81. Collectively, our findings revealed a critical role of GPR81 in adipose browning and provided a new insight into obesity management by modulating lactate-GPR81 signaling axis.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Animals
- Dietary Supplements/analysis
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Humans
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Protective Agents/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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28
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Lactate in the Tumor Microenvironment: An Essential Molecule in Cancer Progression and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113244. [PMID: 33153193 PMCID: PMC7693872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of lactate in cancer described by Otto Warburg in 1927 states that cancer cells uptake high amount of glucose with a marked increase in lactate production, this is known as the “Warburg effect”. Since then lactate turn out to be a major signaling molecule in cancer progression. Its release from tumor cells is accompanied by acidification ranging from 6.3 to 6.9 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which favors processes such as tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis, tumor resistance and more importantly, immunosuppression which has been associated with a poor outcome. The goal of this review is to examine and discuss in deep detail the recent studies that address the role of lactate in all these cancerous processes. Lastly, we explore the efforts to target the lactate production and its transport as a promising approach for cancer therapeutics. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease that includes the reprogramming of metabolic pathways by malignant proliferating cells, including those affecting the tumor microenvironment (TME). The “TME concept” was introduced in recognition of the roles played by factors other than tumor cells in cancer progression. In response to the hypoxic or semi-hypoxic characteristic of the TME, cancer cells generate a large amount of lactate via the metabolism of glucose and glutamine. Export of this newly generated lactate by the tumor cells together with H+ prevents intracellular acidification but acidifies the TME. In recent years, the importance of lactate and acidosis in carcinogenesis has gained increasing attention, including the role of lactate as a tumor-promoting metabolite. Here we review the existing literature on lactate metabolism in tumor cells and the ability of extracellular lactate to direct the metabolic reprogramming of those cells. Studies demonstrating the roles of lactate in biological processes that drive or sustain carcinogenesis (tumor promotion, angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor resistance) and lactate’s role as an immunosuppressor that contributes to tumor evasion are also considered. Finally, we consider recent therapeutic efforts using available drugs directed at and interfering with lactate production and transport in cancer treatment.
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Brooks GA. The tortuous path of lactate shuttle discovery: From cinders and boards to the lab and ICU. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 9:446-460. [PMID: 32444344 PMCID: PMC7498672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a waste product of oxygen limited (anaerobic) metabolism, lactate is now known to form continuously under fully oxygenated (aerobic) conditions. Lactate shuttling between producer (driver) and consumer cells fulfills at least 3 purposes; lactate is: (1) a major energy source, (2) the major gluconeogenic precursor, and (3) a signaling molecule. The Lactate Shuttle theory is applicable to diverse fields such as sports nutrition and hydration, resuscitation from acidosis and Dengue, treatment of traumatic brain injury, maintenance of glycemia, reduction of inflammation, cardiac support in heart failure and following a myocardial infarction, and to improve cognition. Yet, dysregulated lactate shuttling disrupts metabolic flexibility, and worse, supports oncogenesis. Lactate production in cancer (the Warburg effect) is involved in all main sequela for carcinogenesis: angiogenesis, immune escape, cell migration, metastasis, and self-sufficient metabolism. The history of the tortuous path of discovery in lactate metabolism and shuttling was discussed in the 2019 American College of Sports Medicine Joseph B. Wolffe Lecture in Orlando, FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA.
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30
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Hu J, Cai M, Liu Y, Liu B, Xue X, Ji R, Bian X, Lou S. The roles of GRP81 as a metabolic sensor and inflammatory mediator. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8938-8950. [PMID: 32342523 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GPR81 (also named as HCA1) is a member of a subfamily of orphan G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), coupled to Gi -type G proteins. GPR81 was discovered in 2001 and identified as the only known endogenous receptor of lactate under physiological conditions in 2008, which opened a new field of research on how lactate may act as a signal molecule along with the GPR81 expression in the roles of metabolic process and inflammatory response. Recent studies showed that the physiological functions of GPR81 include lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, metabolic excitability in the brain, cellular development, and inflammatory response modulation. These findings may reveal a novel therapeutic strategy to treat clinical, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This article will summarize past research on GPR81, including its characteristics of distribution and expression, functional residues, pharmacological, and physiological agonists, involvement in signal transduction, and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuepeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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31
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Ma K, Ding X, Song Q, Han Z, Yao H, Ding J, Hu G. Lactate enhances Arc/arg3.1 expression through hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1-β-arrestin2 pathway in astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108084. [PMID: 32294462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the discovery and research of lactate-specific receptor HCAR1(hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1), lactate is not only as a product of Glycolysis in astrocytes, but also as a signaling molecule which has gradually received attention. Studies have found that lactate can be used as an intercellular signaling molecule involved in synaptic plasticity, and so that peripheral administration of lactate can produce antidepressant effects. Here, we focus on HCAR1 on the most widely distributed astrocytes in the brain, found and verified that lactate could cause Arc/arg3.1 protein overexpression in astrocytes through HCAR1. However, the expression of Arc/arg3.1 does not depend on the Gi protein pathway of HCAR1, and we found that lactate enhanced the expression of Arc/arg3.1 protein through the HCAR1-β-arrestin2 pathway. In summary, lactate acts on HCAR1 of astrocytes. It enhances the expression of MAPK-dependent Arc through β-arrestin2, thereby reducing the influx of calcium ions when astrocytes are exposed to glutamate damage, achieving the role of protecting astrocytes and indirectly enhancing the absorption of glutamate by astrocytes. These results also demonstrate that HCAR1 in the brain is a potential therapeutic target in an experimental in vitro model of glutamate damage, which is strongly associated with many neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Ma
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhitao Han
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Brown TP, Bhattacharjee P, Ramachandran S, Sivaprakasam S, Ristic B, Sikder MOF, Ganapathy V. The lactate receptor GPR81 promotes breast cancer growth via a paracrine mechanism involving antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment. Oncogene 2020; 39:3292-3304. [PMID: 32071396 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GPR81 is a G-protein-coupled receptor for lactate, which is upregulated in breast cancer and plays an autocrine role to promote tumor growth by tumor cell-derived lactate. Here we asked whether lactate has any paracrine role via activation of GPR81 in cells present in tumor microenvironment to help tumor growth. First, we showed that deletion of Gpr81 suppresses breast cancer growth in a constitutive breast cancer mouse model (MMTV-PyMT-Tg). We then used a syngeneic transplant model by monitoring tumor growth from a mouse breast cancer cell line (AT-3, Gpr81-negative) implanted in mammary fat pad of wild-type mice and Gpr81-null mice. Tumor growth was suppressed in Gpr81-null mice compared with wild-type mice. There were more tumor-infiltrating T cells and MHCIIhi-immune cells in tumors from Gpr81-null mice compared with tumors from wild-type mice. RNA-seq analysis of tumors indicated involvement of immune cells and antigen presentation in Gpr81-dependent tumor growth. Antigen-presenting dendritic cells expressed Gpr81 and activation of this receptor by lactate suppressed cell-surface presentation of MHCII. Activation of Gpr81 in dendritic cells was associated with decreased cAMP, IL-6 and IL-12. These findings suggest that tumor cell-derived lactate activates GPR81 in dendritic cells and prevents presentation of tumor-specific antigens to other immune cells. This paracrine mechanism is complementary to the recently discovered autocrine mechanism in which lactate induces PD-L1 in tumor cells via activation of GPR81 in tumor cells, thus providing an effective means for tumor cells to evade immune system. As such, blockade of GPR81 signaling could boost cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Pushpak Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Sabarish Ramachandran
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Sathish Sivaprakasam
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Bojana Ristic
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Mohd Omar F Sikder
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Brooks GA. Lactate as a fulcrum of metabolism. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101454. [PMID: 32113910 PMCID: PMC7284908 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mistakenly thought to be the consequence of oxygen lack in contracting skeletal muscle we now know that the L-enantiomer of the lactate anion is formed under fully aerobic conditions and is utilized continuously in diverse cells, tissues, organs and at the whole-body level. By shuttling between producer (driver) and consumer (recipient) cells lactate fulfills at least three purposes: 1] a major energy source for mitochondrial respiration; 2] the major gluconeogenic precursor; and 3] a signaling molecule. Working by mass action, cell redox regulation, allosteric binding, and reprogramming of chromatin by lactylation of lysine residues on histones, lactate has major influences in energy substrate partitioning. The physiological range of tissue [lactate] is 0.5–20 mM and the cellular Lactate/Pyruvate ratio (L/P) can range from 10 to >500; these changes during exercise and other stress-strain responses dwarf other metabolic signals in magnitude and span. Hence, lactate dynamics have rapid and major short- and long-term effects on cell redox and other control systems. By inhibiting lipolysis in adipose via HCAR-1, and muscle mitochondrial fatty acid uptake via malonyl-CoA and CPT1, lactate controls energy substrate partitioning. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in major effects on the expression of regulatory enzymes of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Lactate is the fulcrum of metabolic regulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA.
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34
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Kwon E, Yoo T, Joung HY, Jo YH. Hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1 in BAT regulates glucose uptake in mice fed a high-fat diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228320. [PMID: 31999787 PMCID: PMC6992197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the capability to take up glucose from the circulation. Despite the important role of BAT in the control of glucose homeostasis, the metabolic fate and function of glucose in BAT remain elusive as there is clear dissociation between glucose uptake and BAT thermogenesis. Interestingly, intracellular glycolysis and lactate production appear to be required for glucose uptake by BAT. Here, we specifically examine whether activation of lactate receptors in BAT plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). When C57BL/6J mice are given HFD for 5 weeks at 28°C, male, but not female, mice gain body weight and develop hyperglycemia. Importantly, high-fat feeding upregulates expression of the lactate receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) in female C57BL/6J mice, whereas male C57BL/6J mice show reduced HCAR1 expression in BAT. Treatment with the HCAR1 agonist lowers systemic glucose levels in male DIO mice. This reduction is associated with increased glucose uptake in BAT. Therefore, our results suggest that HCAR1 in BAT may contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in male C57BL/6J DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
| | - Taesik Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
| | - Hye-Young Joung
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
| | - Young-Hwan Jo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, Unites States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Davidsson Ö, Nilsson K, Brånalt J, Andersson T, Berggren K, Chen Y, Fjellström O, Gradén H, Gustafsson L, Hermansson NO, Jansen F, Johannesson P, Ohlsson B, Tyrchan C, Wellner A, Wellner E, Ölwegård-Halvarsson M. Identification of novel GPR81 agonist lead series for target biology evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126953. [PMID: 31932225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR81 is a novel drug target that is implicated in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism. The lack of potent GPR81 modulators suitable for in vivo studies has limited the pharmacological characterization of this lactate sensing receptor. We performed a high throughput screen (HTS) and identified a GPR81 agonist chemical series containing a central acyl urea scaffold linker. During SAR exploration two additional new series were evolved, one containing cyclic acyl urea bioisosteres and another a central amide bond. These three series provide different selectivity and physicochemical properties suitable for in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öjvind Davidsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Nilsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Brånalt
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Terese Andersson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Berggren
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yantao Chen
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Fjellström
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gradén
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Gustafsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Frank Jansen
- Mechanistic Biology & Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Johannesson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; Global Patient Safety CVRM, Chief Medical Office, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Ohlsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Tyrchan
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Wellner
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric Wellner
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Ölwegård-Halvarsson
- CVRM Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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36
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Paolella LM, Mukherjee S, Tran CM, Bellaver B, Hugo M, Luongo TS, Shewale SV, Lu W, Chellappa K, Baur JA. mTORC1 restrains adipocyte lipolysis to prevent systemic hyperlipidemia. Mol Metab 2019; 32:136-147. [PMID: 32029223 PMCID: PMC6961719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pharmacological agents targeting the mTOR complexes are used clinically as immunosuppressants and anticancer agents and can extend the lifespan of model organisms. An undesirable side effect of these drugs is hyperlipidemia. Although multiple roles have been described for mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) in lipid metabolism, the etiology of hyperlipidemia remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of adipocyte mTORC1 signaling in systemic lipid homeostasis in vivo. Methods We characterized systemic lipid metabolism in mice lacking the mTORC1 subunit Raptor (RaptoraKO), the key lipolytic enzyme ATGL (ATGLaKO), or both (ATGL-RaptoraKO) in their adipocytes. Results Mice lacking mTORC1 activity in their adipocytes failed to completely suppress lipolysis in the fed state and displayed prominent hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Blocking lipolysis in their adipose tissue restored normal levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the fed state as well as the ability to clear triglycerides in an oral fat tolerance test. Conclusions Unsuppressed adipose lipolysis in the fed state interferes with triglyceride clearance and contributes to hyperlipidemia. Adipose tissue mTORC1 activity is necessary for appropriate suppression of lipolysis and for the maintenance of systemic lipid homeostasis. Inhibition of adipose mTORC1 causes hypertriglyceridemia prior to lipodystrophy. Genetically inhibiting lipolysis reverses the increase in plasma TG. Acute pharmacological inhibition of lipolysis reverses the increase in plasma TG caused by rapamycin treatment. Unrestrained lipolysis impairs LPL activity and decreases TG clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Paolella
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cassie M Tran
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Biológicas-Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mindy Hugo
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy S Luongo
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Swapnil V Shewale
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Brown TP, Ganapathy V. Lactate/GPR81 signaling and proton motive force in cancer: Role in angiogenesis, immune escape, nutrition, and Warburg phenomenon. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107451. [PMID: 31836453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of biochemical pathways is a hallmark of cancer cells, and generation of lactic acid from glucose/glutamine represents one of the consequences of such metabolic alterations. Cancer cells export lactic acid out to prevent intracellular acidification, not only increasing lactate levels but also creating an acidic pH in extracellular milieu. Lactate and protons in tumor microenvironment are not innocuous bystander metabolites but have special roles in promoting tumor-cell proliferation and growth. Lactate functions as a signaling molecule by serving as an agonist for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR81, involving both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the autocrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on cancer cells; in the paracrine pathway, cancer cell-generated lactate activates GPR81 on immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes present in tumor stroma. The end result of GPR81 activation is promotion of angiogenesis, immune evasion, and chemoresistance. The acidic pH creates an inwardly directed proton gradient across the cancer-cell plasma membrane, which provides driving force for proton-coupled transporters in cancer cells to enhance supply of selective nutrients. There are several molecular targets in the pathways involved in the generation of lactic acid by cancer cells and its role in tumor promotion for potential development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Raychaudhuri D, Bhattacharya R, Sinha BP, Liu CSC, Ghosh AR, Rahaman O, Bandopadhyay P, Sarif J, D'Rozario R, Paul S, Das A, Sarkar DK, Chattopadhyay S, Ganguly D. Lactate Induces Pro-tumor Reprogramming in Intratumoral Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1878. [PMID: 31440253 PMCID: PMC6692712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are the most efficient producers of type I interferons, viz. IFNα, in the body and thus have the ability to influence anti-tumor immune responses. But repression of effective intra-tumoral pDC activation is a key immuno-evasion strategy exhibited in tumors—tumor-recruited pDCs are rendered “tolerogenic,” characterized by deficiency in IFNα induction and ability to expand regulatory T cells in situ. But the tumor-derived factors that drive this functional reprogramming of intra-tumoral pDCs are not established. In this study we aimed at exploring if intra-tumoral abundance of the oncometabolite lactate influences intra-tumoral pDC function. We found that lactate attenuates IFNα induction by pDCs mediated by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization triggered by cell surface GPR81 receptor as well as directly by cytosolic import of lactate in pDCs through the cell surface monocarboxylate transporters, affecting cellular metabolism needed for effective pDC activation. We also found that lactate enhances tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine production by pDCs which contribute to induction of FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, the major immunosuppressive immune cell subset in tumor microenvironment. We validated these mechanisms of lactate-driven pDC reprogramming by looking into tumor recruited pDCs isolated from patients with breast cancers as well as in a preclinical model of breast cancer in mice. Thus, we discovered a hitherto unknown link between intra-tumoral abundance of an oncometabolite resulting from metabolic adaptation in cancer cells and the pro-tumor tolerogenic function of tumor-recruited pDCs, revealing new therapeutic targets for potentiating anti-cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Raychaudhuri
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Roopkatha Bhattacharya
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Sinha
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chinky Shiu Chen Liu
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrit Raj Ghosh
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Oindrila Rahaman
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Purbita Bandopadhyay
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Jafar Sarif
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ranit D'Rozario
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Santu Paul
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Das
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Diptendra K Sarkar
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorders, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Maslowski KM. Metabolism at the centre of the host-microbe relationship. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:193-204. [PMID: 31107965 PMCID: PMC6642865 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining homoeostatic host–microbe interactions is vital for host immune function. The gut microbiota shapes the host immune system and the immune system reciprocally shapes and modifies the gut microbiota. However, our understanding of how these microbes are tolerated and how individual, or communities of, gut microbes influence host function is limited. This review will focus on metabolites as key mediators of this complex host–microbe relationship. It will look at the central role of epithelial metabolism in shaping the gut microbiota, how microbial metabolites influence the epithelium and the mucosal and peripheral immune system, and how the immune system shapes microbial composition and metabolism. Finally, this review will look at how metabolites are involved in cross‐talk between different members of the microbiota and their role during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Maslowski
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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The Lactate Receptor HCAR1 Modulates Neuronal Network Activity through the Activation of G α and G βγ Subunits. J Neurosci 2019; 39:4422-4433. [PMID: 30926749 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2092-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of a G-protein-coupled receptor for lactate named hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) in neurons has pointed to additional nonmetabolic effects of lactate for regulating neuronal network activity. In this study, we characterized the intracellular pathways engaged by HCAR1 activation, using mouse primary cortical neurons from wild-type (WT) and HCAR1 knock-out (KO) mice from both sexes. Using whole-cell patch clamp, we found that the activation of HCAR1 with 3-chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (3Cl-HBA) decreased miniature EPSC frequency, increased paired-pulse ratio, decreased firing frequency, and modulated membrane intrinsic properties. Using fast calcium imaging, we show that HCAR1 agonists 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3Cl-HBA, and lactate decreased by 40% spontaneous calcium spiking activity of primary cortical neurons from WT but not from HCAR1 KO mice. Notably, in neurons lacking HCAR1, the basal activity was increased compared with WT. HCAR1 mediates its effect in neurons through a Giα-protein. We observed that the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-protein kinase A axis is involved in HCAR1 downmodulation of neuronal activity. We found that HCAR1 interacts with adenosine A1, GABAB, and α2A-adrenergic receptors, through a mechanism involving both its Giα and Giβγ subunits, resulting in a complex modulation of neuronal network activity. We conclude that HCAR1 activation in neurons causes a downmodulation of neuronal activity through presynaptic mechanisms and by reducing neuronal excitability. HCAR1 activation engages both Giα and Giβγ intracellular pathways to functionally interact with other Gi-coupled receptors for the fine tuning of neuronal activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Expression of the lactate receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) was recently described in neurons. Here, we describe the physiological role of this G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and its activation in neurons, providing information on its expression and mechanism of action. We dissected out the intracellular pathway through which HCAR1 activation tunes down neuronal network activity. For the first time, we provide evidence for the functional cross talk of HCAR1 with other GPCRs, such as GABAB, adenosine A1- and α2A-adrenergic receptors. These results set HCAR1 as a new player for the regulation of neuronal network activity acting in concert with other established receptors. Thus, HCAR1 represents a novel therapeutic target for pathologies characterized by network hyperexcitability dysfunction, such as epilepsy.
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Microbiota-Derived Lactate Accelerates Intestinal Stem-Cell-Mediated Epithelial Development. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:833-846.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Harun-Or-Rashid M, Inman DM. Reduced AMPK activation and increased HCAR activation drive anti-inflammatory response and neuroprotection in glaucoma. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:313. [PMID: 30424795 PMCID: PMC6234605 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glaucoma is a chronic degenerative disease for which inflammation is considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression. In this study, we examined the impact of a ketogenic diet on the inflammation evident in glaucoma as a follow-up to a recent set of experiments in which we determined that a ketogenic diet protected retinal ganglion cell structure and function. Methods Both sexes of DBA/2J (D2) mice were placed on a ketogenic diet (keto) or standard rodent chow (untreated) for 8 weeks beginning at 9 months of age. DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ (D2G) mice were also used as a non-pathological genetic control for the D2 mice. Retina and optic nerve (ON) tissues were micro-dissected and used for the analysis of microglia activation, expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, and lactate- or ketone-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling. Data were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, western blot, and capillary tube-based electrophoresis techniques. Results Microglia activation was observed in D2 retina and ON as documented by intense microglial-specific Iba1 immunolabeling of rounded-up and enlarged microglia. Ketogenic diet treatment reduced Iba1 expression and the activated microglial phenotype. We detected low energy-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in D2 retina and ON that triggered NF-κB p65 signaling through its nuclear translocation. NF-κB induced pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6, and NOS2 expression in D2 retina and ON. However, treatment with the ketogenic diet reduced AMPK phosphorylation, NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. The ketogenic diet also induced expression of anti-inflammatory agents Il-4 and Arginase-1 in D2 retina and ON. Increased expression of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) after ketogenic diet treatment was observed. HCAR1 stimulation by lactate or ketones from the ketogenic diet reduced inflammasome formation, as shown by reduced mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β. We also detected increased levels of Arrestin β-2 protein, an adapter protein required for HCAR1 signaling. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that the AMPK activation apparent in the glaucomatous retina and ON triggers NF-κB signaling and consequently induces a pro-inflammatory response. The ketogenic diet resolves energy demand and ameliorates the inflammation by inhibition of AMPK activation and stimulation of HCAR1-ARRB2 signaling that inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Thus, these findings depict a neuroprotective mechanism of the ketogenic diet in controlling inflammation and suggest potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Denise M Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
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Sun S, Li H, Chen J, Qian Q. Lactic Acid: No Longer an Inert and End-Product of Glycolysis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:453-463. [PMID: 29021365 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00016.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, lactic acid has been considered a dead-end product of glycolysis. Research in the last 20+ years has shown otherwise. Through its transporters (MCTs) and receptor (GPR81), lactic acid plays a key role in multiple cellular processes, including energy regulation, immune tolerance, memory formation, wound healing, ischemic tissue injury, and cancer growth and metastasis. We summarize key findings of lactic acid signaling, functions, and many remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Heng Li
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; and
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Recio C, Lucy D, Iveson P, Iqbal AJ, Valaris S, Wynne G, Russell AJ, Choudhury RP, O'Callaghan C, Monaco C, Greaves DR. The Role of Metabolite-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Inflammation and Metabolic Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:237-256. [PMID: 29117706 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Great attention has been placed on the link between metabolism and immune function giving rise to the term "immunometabolism." It is widely accepted that inflammation and oxidative stress are key processes that underlie metabolic complications during obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms and mediators that are involved in the regulation of both inflammation and metabolic homeostasis is of high scientific and therapeutic interest. Recent Advances: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal in response to metabolites have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Critical Issues and Future Directions: In this review, we discuss recent findings about the physiological role of the main metabolite-sensing GPCRs, their implication in immunometabolic disorders, their principal endogenous and synthetic ligands, and their potential as drug targets in inflammation and metabolic disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 237-256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Recio
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Daniel Lucy
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Poppy Iveson
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Sophia Valaris
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Graham Wynne
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Angela J Russell
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- 3 Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Chris O'Callaghan
- 4 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Claudia Monaco
- 5 Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - David R Greaves
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
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Alarcon P, Manosalva C, Carretta MD, Hidalgo AI, Figueroa CD, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. Fatty and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors: The missing link of immune response and metabolism in cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 201:77-87. [PMID: 29914687 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fatty and hydroxycarboxylic acids are one of the main intermediates of energy metabolism in ruminants and critical in the milk production of cattle. High production demands on a dairy farm can induce nutritional imbalances and metabolism disorders, which have been widely associated with the onset of sterile inflammatory processes and increased susceptibility to infections. The literature suggests that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and hydroxycarboxylic acids are relevant modulators of the host innate inflammatory response. For instance, increased SCFA and lactate levels are associated with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and the activation of pro-inflammatory processes mediated by diverse leukocyte and vascular endothelial cells. As such, free LCFA and the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate are significantly increased in the plasma 1-2 weeks postpartum, coinciding with the time period in which cows are more susceptible to acquiring infectious diseases that the host innate immune system should actively oppose. Today, many of these pro-inflammatory responses can be related to the activation of specific G protein-coupled receptors, including GPR41/FFA3 and GPR43/FFA2 for SCFA; GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4 for LCFA, GPR109A/HCA2 for ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate, and GPR81/HCA1 for lactate, all expressed in different bovine tissues. The activation of these receptors modulates the release of intracellular granules [e.g., metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and lactoferrin], radical oxygen species (ROS) production, chemotaxis, and the production of relevant pro-inflammatory mediators. The article aimed to review the role of natural ligands and receptors and the resulting impact on the host innate immune reaction of cattle and, further, to address the most recent evidence supporting a potential connection to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alarcon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Manosalva
- Pharmacy Institute, Faculty of Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M D Carretta
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A I Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C D Figueroa
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology & Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R A Burgos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory. Cell Metab 2018; 27:757-785. [PMID: 29617642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a waste product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now known to form continuously under aerobic conditions. Shuttling between producer and consumer cells fulfills at least three purposes for lactate: (1) a major energy source, (2) the major gluconeogenic precursor, and (3) a signaling molecule. "Lactate shuttle" (LS) concepts describe the roles of lactate in delivery of oxidative and gluconeogenic substrates as well as in cell signaling. In medicine, it has long been recognized that the elevation of blood lactate correlates with illness or injury severity. However, with lactate shuttle theory in mind, some clinicians are now appreciating lactatemia as a "strain" and not a "stress" biomarker. In fact, clinical studies are utilizing lactate to treat pro-inflammatory conditions and to deliver optimal fuel for working muscles in sports medicine. The above, as well as historic and recent studies of lactate metabolism and shuttling, are discussed in the following review.
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Lee YJ, Shin KJ, Park SA, Park KS, Park S, Heo K, Seo YK, Noh DY, Ryu SH, Suh PG. G-protein-coupled receptor 81 promotes a malignant phenotype in breast cancer through angiogenic factor secretion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70898-70911. [PMID: 27765922 PMCID: PMC5342597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) functions as a receptor for lactate and plays an important role in the regulation of anti-lipolytic effects in adipocytes. However, to data, a role for GPR81 in the tumor microenvironment has not been clearly defined. Here, GPR81 expression in breast cancer patients and several breast cancer cell lines was significantly increased compared with normal mammary tissues and cells. GPR81 knockdown resulted in impaired breast cancer growth and led to apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the inhibition of GPR81 signaling suppressed angiogenesis through a phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway, which led to decreased production of the pro-angiogenic mediator amphiregulin (AREG). Overall, these findings identify GPR81 as a tumor-promoting receptor in breast cancer progression and suggest a novel mechanism that regulates GPR81-dependent activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ah Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Su Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seorim Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- New Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Division of Convergence Technology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyo Seo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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48
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Ranganathan P, Shanmugam A, Swafford D, Suryawanshi A, Bhattacharjee P, Hussein MS, Koni PA, Prasad PD, Kurago ZB, Thangaraju M, Ganapathy V, Manicassamy S. GPR81, a Cell-Surface Receptor for Lactate, Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Protects Mice from Experimental Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1781-1789. [PMID: 29386257 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
At mucosal sites such as the intestine, the immune system launches robust immunity against invading pathogens while maintaining a state of tolerance to commensal flora and ingested food Ags. The molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that signaling by GPR81, a receptor for lactate, in colonic dendritic cells and macrophages plays an important role in suppressing colonic inflammation and restoring colonic homeostasis. Genetic deletion of GPR81 in mice led to increased Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and reduced regulatory T cell differentiation, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to colonic inflammation. This was due to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and decreased expression of immune regulatory factors (IL-10, retinoic acid, and IDO) by intestinal APCs lacking GPR81. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological activation of GPR81 decreased inflammatory cytokine expression and ameliorated colonic inflammation. Taken together, these findings identify a new and important role for the GPR81 signaling pathway in regulating immune tolerance and colonic inflammation. Thus, manipulation of the GPR81 pathway could provide novel opportunities for enhancing regulatory responses and treating colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Swafford
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | - Pushpak Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430
| | | | - Pandelakis A Koni
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30901.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30901; and
| | - Puttur D Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30901; and
| | - Zoya B Kurago
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30901; and
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430
| | - Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912; .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30901
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49
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Ferguson BS, Rogatzki MJ, Goodwin ML, Kane DA, Rightmire Z, Gladden LB. Lactate metabolism: historical context, prior misinterpretations, and current understanding. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:691-728. [PMID: 29322250 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactate (La-) has long been at the center of controversy in research, clinical, and athletic settings. Since its discovery in 1780, La- has often been erroneously viewed as simply a hypoxic waste product with multiple deleterious effects. Not until the 1980s, with the introduction of the cell-to-cell lactate shuttle did a paradigm shift in our understanding of the role of La- in metabolism begin. The evidence for La- as a major player in the coordination of whole-body metabolism has since grown rapidly. La- is a readily combusted fuel that is shuttled throughout the body, and it is a potent signal for angiogenesis irrespective of oxygen tension. Despite this, many fundamental discoveries about La- are still working their way into mainstream research, clinical care, and practice. The purpose of this review is to synthesize current understanding of La- metabolism via an appraisal of its robust experimental history, particularly in exercise physiology. That La- production increases during dysoxia is beyond debate, but this condition is the exception rather than the rule. Fluctuations in blood [La-] in health and disease are not typically due to low oxygen tension, a principle first demonstrated with exercise and now understood to varying degrees across disciplines. From its role in coordinating whole-body metabolism as a fuel to its role as a signaling molecule in tumors, the study of La- metabolism continues to expand and holds potential for multiple clinical applications. This review highlights La-'s central role in metabolism and amplifies our understanding of past research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Ferguson
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J Rogatzki
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Matthew L Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel A Kane
- Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - Zachary Rightmire
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - L Bruce Gladden
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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50
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Overexpressing cell systems are a competitive option to primary adipocytes when predicting in vivo potency of dual GPR81/GPR109A agonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 114:155-165. [PMID: 29180298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical models predicting in vivo pharmacodynamic effects from in vitro data can accelerate drug discovery, and reduce costs and animal use. However, data integration and modeling is non-trivial when more than one drug-target receptor is involved in the biological response. We modeled the inhibition of non-esterified fatty acid release by dual G-protein-coupled receptor 81/109A (GPR81/GPR109A) agonists in vivo in the rat, to estimate the in vivo EC50 values for 12 different compounds. We subsequently predicted those potency estimates using EC50 values obtained from concentration-response data in isolated primary adipocytes and cell systems overexpressing GPR81 or GPR109A in vitro. A simple linear regression model based on data from primary adipocytes predicted the in vivo EC50 better than simple linear regression models based on in vitro data from either of the cell systems. Three models combining the data from the overexpressing cell systems were also evaluated: two piecewise linear models defining logical OR- and AND-circuits, and a multivariate linear regression model. All three models performed better than the simple linear regression model based on data from primary adipocytes. The OR-model was favored since it is likely that activation of either GPR81 or GPR109A is sufficient to deactivate the cAMP pathway, and thereby inhibit non-esterified fatty acid release. The OR-model was also able to predict the in vivo selectivity between the two receptors. Finally, the OR-model was used to predict the in vivo potency of 1651 new compounds. This work suggests that data from the overexpressing cell systems are sufficient to predict in vivo potency of GPR81/GPR109A agonists, an approach contributing to faster and leaner drug discovery.
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