1
|
Millman P, Rimon RM, Toff C, Engvall M, Shaoul R, Wilschanski M, Elyashar H, Winter HS. A novel nutritional approach to infants and children with congenital diarrhea due to homozygous DGAT1 mutations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 38934410 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final step in triglyceride synthesis. DGAT1 is expressed in human enterocytes and is essential for fat absorption. Homozygous DGAT1 deficiency often presents with severe diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) in the 1st weeks of life. Because severe restriction of fat intake controls diarrhea and decreases PLE, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was the initial standard therapy in infants and children. We present tertiary center experience managing infants and children with DGAT1 deficiency resulting in the development of a nutritional approach that minimizes the use of TPN. METHODS From 2014 to 2020, 12 infants with DGAT1 deficiency were treated. Stool output, growth, and development, as well as essential fatty acid status, were monitored. This retrospective experience formed the basis for treatment recommendations, which include an ultralow fat formula with intermittent peripheral intravenous lipid infusions during the 1st year of life. RESULTS All patients with prolonged intestinal fat exposure had PLE, which resolved when treated with the nutrition protocol. Essential fatty acid status as measured by triene:tetraene ratios normalized in all treated patients. Over time, early genetic diagnosis and prompt initiation of an ultralow fat diet with peripheral intravenous lipid infusions replaced the need for TPN. CONCLUSIONS Children with DGAT1 deficiency respond to dietary restriction of lipids. Management with a novel nutritional approach provides effective treatment for infants with DGAT1 deficiency, treats diarrhea and PLE, promotes growth and development, avoids TPN dependency, and decreases the potential for essential fatty acid deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peri Millman
- Hadassah, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Chani Toff
- Kaplan, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Martin Engvall
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ron Shaoul
- Rambam, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Hila Elyashar
- Hadassah, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Harland S Winter
- Mass General Hospital for Children, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang D, Liang G, Gui L, Zheng W, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Li X, Yang Y, Fan R, Lu Y, Hu X, Guan J, Li T, Yang H, Cheng J, Gong M. Nanometabolomics Elucidated Biological Prospective of Mo 4/3B 2-x Nanosheets: Toward Metabolic Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30622-30635. [PMID: 38857197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Mo4/3B2-x nanosheets are newly developed, and 2D transition metal borides (MBene) were reported in 2021, but there is no report on their further applications and modification; hence, this article sheds light on the significance of potential biological prospects for future biomedical applications. Therefore, elucidation of the biocompatibility, biotoxicology, and bioactivity of Mo4/3B2-x nanosheets has been an urgent need to be fulfilled. Nanometabolomics (also referred as nanomaterials-based metabolomics) was first proposed and utilized in our previous work, which specialized in interpreting nanomaterials-induced metabolic reprogramming through aqueous metabolomics and lipidomics approach. Hence, nanometabolomics could be considered as a novel concept combining nanoscience and metabolomics to provide bioinformation on nanomaterials' biomedical applications. In this work, the safe range of concentration (<50 mg/L) with good biosafety toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was discovered. The low concentration (5 mg/L) and high concentration (50 mg/L) of Mo4/3B2-x nanosheets were utilized for the in vitro Mo4/3B2-x-cell interaction. Nanometabolomics has elucidated the biological prospective of Mo4/3B2-x nanosheets via monitoring its biocompatibility and metabolic shift of HUVECs. The results revealed that 50 mg/L Mo4/3B2-x nanosheets could lead to a stronger alteration of amino acid metabolism with disturbance of the corresponding amino acid-related pathways (including amino acid metabolism, amino acid degradation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid biosynthesis and metabolism). These interesting results were closely involved with the oxidative stress and production of excess ROS. This work could be regarded as a pathbreaking study on Mo4/3B2-x nanosheets at a biological level, which also designates their further biochemical, medical, and industrial application and development based on nanometabolomics bioinformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ge Liang
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luolan Gui
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Li
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; Chengdu Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; Chengdu Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Technology Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junwen Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, Department of Anesthesiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Gong
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Lin Y, Wang Y, Lin S, Zhou J, Tang H, Yi X, Ma Z, Xia T, Jiang B, Tian F, Ju Z, Liu B, Gu X, Yang Z, Wang W. HuR promotes triglyceride synthesis and intestinal fat absorption. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114238. [PMID: 38748875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis in the small intestine determines the absorption of dietary fat, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be further studied. Here, we report that the RNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) promotes TAG synthesis in the small intestine. HuR associates with the 3' UTR of Dgat2 mRNA and intron 1 of Mgat2 pre-mRNA. Association of HuR with Dgat2 3' UTR stabilizes Dgat2 mRNA, while association of HuR with intron 1 of Mgat2 pre-mRNA promotes the processing of Mgat2 pre-mRNA. Intestinal epithelium-specific HuR knockout reduces the expression of DGAT2 and MGAT2, thereby reducing the dietary fat absorption through TAG synthesis and mitigating high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity. Our findings highlight a critical role of HuR in promoting dietary fat absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunping Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hao Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Central China Fuwai Hospital and Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xia Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Carson International Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China; Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Portincasa P, Khalil M, Mahdi L, Perniola V, Idone V, Graziani A, Baffy G, Di Ciaula A. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5640. [PMID: 38891828 PMCID: PMC11172019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological burden of liver steatosis associated with metabolic diseases is continuously growing worldwide and in all age classes. This condition generates possible progression of liver damage (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) but also independently increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases and cancer. In recent years, the terminological evolution from "nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" (NAFLD) to "metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease" (MAFLD) and, finally, "metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease" (MASLD) has been paralleled by increased knowledge of mechanisms linking local (i.e., hepatic) and systemic pathogenic pathways. As a consequence, the need for an appropriate classification of individual phenotypes has been oriented to the investigation of innovative therapeutic tools. Besides the well-known role for lifestyle change, a number of pharmacological approaches have been explored, ranging from antidiabetic drugs to agonists acting on the gut-liver axis and at a systemic level (mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, PPAR agonists, thyroid hormone receptor agonists), anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory agents. The intrinsically complex pathophysiological history of MASLD makes the selection of a single effective treatment a major challenge, so far. In this evolving scenario, the cooperation between different stakeholders (including subjects at risk, health professionals, and pharmaceutical industries) could significantly improve the management of disease and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention measures. The high healthcare burden associated with MASLD makes the search for new, effective, and safe drugs a major pressing need, together with an accurate characterization of individual phenotypes. Recent and promising advances indicate that we may soon enter the era of precise and personalized therapy for MASLD/MASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Laura Mahdi
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Perniola
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Valeria Idone
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
- Aboca S.p.a. Società Agricola, 52037 Sansepolcro, Italy
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Institut AllergoSan Pharmazeutische Produkte Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, 8055 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gyorgy Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (L.M.); (V.P.); (V.I.); (A.D.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zammit VA, Park SO. In Vivo Monitoring of Glycerolipid Metabolism in Animal Nutrition Biomodel-Fed Smart-Farm Eggs. Foods 2024; 13:722. [PMID: 38472835 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have examined the biochemical metabolic pathways by which an egg (egg yolk) lowers blood lipid levels, data on the molecular biological mechanisms that regulate and induce the partitioning of hepatic glycerolipids are missing. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo monitoring in four study groups using an animal nutrition biomodel fitted with a jugular-vein cannula after egg yolk intake: CON (control group, oral administration of 1.0 g of saline), T1 (oral administration of 1.0 g of pork belly fat), T2 (oral administration of 1.0 g of smart-farm egg yolk), and T3 (oral administration of T1 and T2 alternately every week). The eggs induced significant and reciprocal changes in incorporating 14C lipids into the total glycerolipids and releasing 14CO2, thereby regulating esterification and accelerating oxidation in vivo. The eggs increased phospholipid secretion from the liver into the blood and decreased triacylglycerol secretion by regulating the multiple cleavage of fatty acyl-CoA moieties' fluxes. In conclusion, the results of the current study reveal the novel fact that eggs can lower blood lipids by lowering triacylglycerol secretion in the biochemical metabolic pathway of hepatic glycerolipid partitioning while simultaneously increasing phospholipid secretion and 14CO2 emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Zammit
- Metabolic Biochemistry, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sang O Park
- Institute of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon State, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koch M, Tebben J, Saborowski R. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in Crangon crangon and Pandalus montagui (Decapoda, Caridea) - Implications for lipid storage capacities and life history traits. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 268:110878. [PMID: 37481107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play essential roles in cell-structuring, cell-signaling, and as efficient metabolic energy stores. Lipid storage capacities determine life history traits of organisms and, thus, their ecological function. Among storage lipids, triacylglycerols (TAGs) are widespread in marine invertebrates. However, abilities to accumulate TAGs can vary even between closely related species, such as the caridean shrimps Crangon crangon and Pandalus montagui. The first species shows low TAG levels throughout the year in the main storage organ, the midgut gland, while the latter accumulates high TAG-levels, peaking in summer. TAGs synthesis is facilitated by the terminal step of the Kennedy-pathway, where the enzyme diacylglycerol-acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the esterification of diacylglycerols with activated fatty acids. We investigated DGAT activity in the midgut gland using a fluorescent enzyme assay. Sequence information was extracted from whole transcriptome shotgun assembly data, that is publicly available on NCBI, and catalytic properties were deduced from molecular structure analysis. C. crangon showed significantly lower TAG synthesis rates than P. montagui, which explains the native TAG levels. Transcriptome data yielded several isoforms of DGAT enzymes in both species. C. crangon DGAT showed point mutations, which are capable of obstructing the catalytic capacity. The consequences are limited starvation resistance and, thus, presumably restricting C. crangon to a habitat with year-round sufficient food. In contrast, higher TAG synthesis rates presumably enable P. montagui to extend into northern subarctic habitats with limited food availability in winter. Moreover, the limited TAG synthesis and accumulation in the midgut gland may force C. crangon to direct energy into the ovaries, which results in multiple spawnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Bremen, Faculty 2 Biology/Chemistry, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jan Tebben
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jena A, Montoya CA, Fraser K, Giezenaar C, Young W, Mullaney JA, Dilger RN, Roy D, McNabb WC, Roy NC. Metabolite profiling of peripheral blood plasma in pigs in early postnatal life fed whole bovine, caprine or ovine milk. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1242301. [PMID: 37823089 PMCID: PMC10564076 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants' milk is commonly used for supplying nutrients to infants when breast milk is unavailable or limited. Previous studies have highlighted the differences between ruminants' milk composition, digestion, absorption, and fermentation. However, whether consuming different ruminants' milk impact the appearance of the circulatory blood metabolites in the early postnatal life is not well understood. The analysis conducted here aimed to determine the effect of feeding exclusively whole milk from bovine, caprine or ovine species to pigs, approximately 7 days-old for 15 days, on circulatory blood plasma metabolites. Relative intensities of plasma metabolites were detected using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomic approach. Seven polar and 83 non-polar (lipids) metabolites in plasma were significantly different (false discovery rate < 0.05) between milk treatments. These included polar metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism and lipids belonging to phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and triglycerides. Compared to the caprine or bovine milk group, the relative intensities of polar metabolites and unsaturated triglycerides were higher in the peripheral circulation of the ovine milk group. In contrast, relative intensities of saturated triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine were higher in the bovine milk group compared to the ovine or caprine milk group. In addition, correlations were identified between amino acid and lipid intake and their appearance in peripheral blood circulation. The results highlighted that consuming different ruminants' milk influences the plasma appearance of metabolites, especially lipids, that may contribute to early postnatal life development in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Jena
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A. Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Giezenaar
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing (FEAST) Laboratory, School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane A. Mullaney
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Debashree Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C. McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McLelland GL, Lopez-Osias M, Verzijl CRC, Ellenbroek BD, Oliveira RA, Boon NJ, Dekker M, van den Hengel LG, Ali R, Janssen H, Song JY, Krimpenfort P, van Zutphen T, Jonker JW, Brummelkamp TR. Identification of an alternative triglyceride biosynthesis pathway. Nature 2023; 621:171-178. [PMID: 37648867 PMCID: PMC10482677 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the main source of stored energy in the body, providing an important substrate pool for mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Imbalances in the amount of TAGs are associated with obesity, cardiac disease and various other pathologies1,2. In humans, TAGs are synthesized from excess, coenzyme A-conjugated fatty acids by diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases (DGAT1 and DGAT2)3. In other organisms, this activity is complemented by additional enzymes4, but whether such alternative pathways exist in humans remains unknown. Here we disrupt the DGAT pathway in haploid human cells and use iterative genetics to reveal an unrelated TAG-synthesizing system composed of a protein we called DIESL (also known as TMEM68, an acyltransferase of previously unknown function) and its regulator TMX1. Mechanistically, TMX1 binds to and controls DIESL at the endoplasmic reticulum, and loss of TMX1 leads to the unconstrained formation of DIESL-dependent lipid droplets. DIESL is an autonomous TAG synthase, and expression of human DIESL in Escherichia coli endows this organism with the ability to synthesize TAG. Although both DIESL and the DGATs function as diacylglycerol acyltransferases, they contribute to the cellular TAG pool under specific conditions. Functionally, DIESL synthesizes TAG at the expense of membrane phospholipids and maintains mitochondrial function during periods of extracellular lipid starvation. In mice, DIESL deficiency impedes rapid postnatal growth and affects energy homeostasis during changes in nutrient availability. We have therefore identified an alternative TAG biosynthetic pathway driven by DIESL under potent control by TMX1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gian-Luca McLelland
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Lopez-Osias
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristy R C Verzijl
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brecht D Ellenbroek
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rafaela A Oliveira
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J Boon
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Dekker
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa G van den Hengel
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rahmen Ali
- Animal Modeling Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Janssen
- Electron Microscope Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Krimpenfort
- Animal Modeling Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim van Zutphen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty Campus Fryslân, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shao Y, Chen S, Han L, Liu J. Pharmacotherapies of NAFLD: updated opportunities based on metabolic intervention. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:30. [PMID: 37415199 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent, and it ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of pharmacotherapeutic strategies approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which results in a higher risk of death related to carcinoma and cardiovascular complications. Of note, it is well established that the pathogenesis of NAFLD is tightly associated with whole metabolic dysfunction. Thus, targeting interconnected metabolic conditions could present promising benefits to NAFLD, according to a number of clinical studies. Here, we summarize the metabolic characteristics of the development of NAFLD, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and intestinal metabolism, and provide insight into pharmacological targets. In addition, we present updates on the progresses in the development of pharmacotherapeutic strategies based on metabolic intervention globally, which could lead to new opportunities for NAFLD drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaodi Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liu Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Malik M, Tanzman JV, Dash SK, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. An In Vitro Small Intestine Model Incorporating a Food Matrix and Bacterial Mock Community for Intestinal Function Testing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1419. [PMID: 37374921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumed food travels through the gastrointestinal tract to reach the small intestine, where it interacts with the microbiota, forming a complex relationship with the dietary components. Here we present a complex in vitro cell culture model of the small intestine that includes human cells, digestion, a simulated meal, and a microbiota represented by a bacterial community consisting of E. coli, L. rhamnosus, S. salivarius, B. bifidum, and E. faecalis. This model was used to determine the effects of food-grade titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), a common food additive, on epithelial permeability, intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, and nutrient transport across the epithelium. Physiologically relevant concentrations of TiO2 had no effect on intestinal permeability but caused an increase in triglyceride transport as part of the food model, which was reversed in the presence of bacteria. Individual bacterial species had no effect on glucose transport, but the bacterial community increased glucose transport, suggesting a change in bacterial behavior when in a community. Bacterial entrapment within the mucus layer was reduced with TiO2 exposure, which may be due to decreased mucus layer thickness. The combination of human cells, a synthetic meal, and a bacterial mock community provides an opportunity to understand the implications of nutritional changes on small intestinal function, including the microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Jacob V Tanzman
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Gretchen J Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qiao X, Hu Z, Xiong F, Yang Y, Peng C, Wang D, Li X. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in tumor-associated macrophages and implications for therapy. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:45. [PMID: 37004014 PMCID: PMC10064535 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumormicroenvironment (TME) plays a key role in tumor progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are natural immune cells abundantin the TME, are mainly divided into the anti-tumor M1 subtype and pro-tumor M2 subtype. Due to the high plasticity of TAMs, the conversion of the M1 to M2 phenotype in hypoxic and hypoglycemic TME promotes cancer progression, which is closely related to lipid metabolism. Key factors of lipid metabolism in TAMs, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and lipoxygenase, promote the formation of a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and facilitate immune escape. In addition, tumor cells promote lipid accumulation in TAMs, causing TAMs to polarize to the M2 phenotype. Moreover, other factors of lipid metabolism, such as abhydrolase domain containing 5 and fatty acid binding protein, have both promoting and inhibiting effects on tumor cells. Therefore, further research on lipid metabolism in tumors is still required. In addition, statins, as core drugs regulating cholesterol metabolism, can inhibit lipid rafts and adhesion of tumor cells, which can sensitize them to chemotherapeutic drugs. Clinical studies on simvastatin and lovastatin in a variety of tumors are underway. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of lipid metabolism in TAMs in tumor progression, and provides new ideas for targeting lipid metabolism in tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhangmin Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fen Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lipo-nutritional quality of pork: the lipid composition, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of fatty acid deposition. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:373-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
|
13
|
Nayebhashemi M, Enayati S, Zahmatkesh M, Madanchi H, Saberi S, Mostafavi E, Mirbzadeh Ardakani E, Azizi M, Khalaj V. Surface display of pancreatic lipase inhibitor peptides by engineered Saccharomyces boulardii: Potential as an anti-obesity probiotic. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
|
14
|
Wang Y, Zeng F, Zhao Z, He L, He X, Pang H, Huang F, Chang P. Transmembrane Protein 68 Functions as an MGAT and DGAT Enzyme for Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032012. [PMID: 36768334 PMCID: PMC9916437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis is an important metabolic process for intracellular storage of surplus energy, intestinal dietary fat absorption, attenuation of lipotoxicity, lipid transportation, lactation and signal transduction in mammals. Transmembrane protein 68 (TMEM68) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored acyltransferase family member of unknown function. In the current study we show that overexpression of TMEM68 promotes TG accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation in a conserved active sites-dependent manner. Quantitative targeted lipidomic analysis showed that diacylglycerol (DG), free fatty acid (FFA) and TG levels were increased by TMEM68 expression. In addition, TMEM68 overexpression affected the levels of several glycerophospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as sterol ester contents. TMEM68 exhibited monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities dependent on the conserved active sites in an in vitro assay. The expression of lipogenesis genes, including DGATs, fatty acid synthesis-related genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was upregulated in TMEM68-overexpressing cells. These results together demonstrate for the first time that TMEM68 functions as an acyltransferase and affects lipogenic gene expression, glycerolipid metabolism and TG storage in mammalian cells.
Collapse
|
15
|
He Y, Liang J, Liu Y, Zhou X, Peng C, Long C, Huang P, Feng J, Zhang Z. Combined supplementation with Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum isolated from Tibetan pigs improves growth performance, immunity, and microbiota composition in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad220. [PMID: 37358243 PMCID: PMC10347973 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, promote growth in piglets by modulating gut microbiota composition and improving the host immune system. A strain of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum were previously isolated from fresh feces of Tibetan pigs. The effects of these isolated strains on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immunity, microbiota composition, and their metabolites were evaluated in weaned piglets. Thirty crossbred piglets were selected and fed either a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplemented with aureomycin (ANT), or a basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus sp. and B. thermacidophilum (LB) for 28 d. The piglets in the ANT and LB groups had significantly higher body weight gain than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). Piglets in the ANT and LB groups had regularly arranged villi and microvilli in the small intestine. Furthermore, they had improved immune function, as indicated by decreased serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05), improved components of immune cells in the blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Additionally, metagenomic sequencing indicated a significant shift in cecal bacterial composition and alterations in microbiota functional profiles following Lactobacillus sp. and B. thermacidophilum supplementation. Metabolomic results revealed that the metabolites were also altered, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that several significantly altered metabolites were enriched in glycerophospholipid and cholesterol metabolism (P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that several bacterial members were closely related to the alterations in metabolites, including Bacteroides sp., which were negatively correlated with triglyceride (16:0/18:0/20:4[5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z]), the metabolite that owned the highest variable importance of projection scores. Collectively, our findings suggest that combined supplementation with Lactobacillus sp. and B. thermacidophilum significantly improved the growth performance, immunity, and microbiota composition in weaned piglets, making them prospective alternatives to antibiotics in swine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Can Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ciming Long
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Panigrahi R, Glover JNM, Nallusamy S. A look into DGAT1 through the EM lenses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184069. [PMID: 36216097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of modern detectors and robust structure solution pipeline, cryogenic electron microscopy has recently proved to be game changer in structural biology. Membrane proteins are challenging targets for structural biologists. This minireview focuses a membrane embedded triglyceride synthesizing machine, DGAT1. Decades of research had built the foundational knowledge on this enzyme's activity. However, recently solved cryo-EM structures of this enzyme, in apo and bound form, has provided critical mechanistic insights. The flipping of the catalytic histidine is critical of enzyme catalysis. The structures explain why the enzyme has preference to long fatty acyl chains over the short forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Saranya Nallusamy
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Medriano CA, Bae S. Acute exposure to microplastics induces metabolic disturbances and gut dysbiosis in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114125. [PMID: 36183426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is limited knowledge of the ecotoxicological impacts of MPs at the environmentally relevant concentration on freshwater animals, even though numerous studies have demonstrated the toxic effects of MPs on living organisms. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model organism to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of acute exposure of virgin MPs on changes in metabolome and gut microbiota. High-throughput untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provided comprehensive insights into the metabolic responses of zebrafish exposed to PE (polyethylene) and PES (polyester) MPs. Statistical analysis of metabolomics data indicated that 39 and 27 metabolites, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphocholine, phosphatidylserine, triglyceride, glycosphingolipid, psychosine, 8-amino-7-oxononanoate, cholesterol fatty acid ester, phosphatidylinositol, n-Triacontanol, were significantly altered in PE- and PES-exposed zebrafish, respectively. Furthermore, the enrichment pathway analysis unveiled the synthesis of the structural and functional lipids, signaling molecules, fatty alcohol metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, which was considerably perturbated in MPs-exposed zebrafish. In addition, high-throughput DNA sequencing was conducted to examine changes in gut microbiota in the MPs-treated zebrafish. The MPs exposure increased in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes declined in MPs-treated zebrafish. Also, microbial diversity and linear discriminant analyses indicated microbiota dysbiosis, metabolomic dysregulation, and oxidative stress. Taken together, the acute exposure of MPs at environmentally relevant concentrations could disrupt the metabolic interaction via the microbiota-gut-liver-brain relationship, implying gastrointestinal and neurological/immune disorders in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Angelo Medriano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi ZH, Zhao Z, Liu LZ, Bian XL, Zhang Y. Pore-forming protein βγ-CAT promptly responses to fasting with capacity to deliver macromolecular nutrients. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22533. [PMID: 36065711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200528r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During animal fasting, the nutrient supply and metabolism switch from carbohydrates to a new reliance on the catabolism of energy-dense lipid stores. Assembled under tight regulation, βγ-CAT (a complex of non-lens βγ-crystallin and trefoil factor) is a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex identified in toad Bombina maxima. Here, we determined that this protein complex is a constitutive component in toad blood, that actively responds to the animal fasting. The protein complex was able to promote cellular albumin and albumin-bound fatty acid (FA) uptake in a variety of epithelial and endothelial cells, and the effects were attenuated by a macropinocytosis inhibitor. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes containing largely enriched albumin and FAs, called nutrisomes, were released in the presence of βγ-CAT. These specific nutrient vesicles were readily taken up by starved myoblast cells to support their survival. The results uncovered that pore-forming protein βγ-CAT is a fasting responsive element able to drive cell vesicular import and export of macromolecular nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xian-Ling Bian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,School of Life Science, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Daley-Yates P, Keppler B, Brealey N, Shabbir S, Singh D, Barnes N. Inhaled glucocorticoid-induced metabolome changes in asthma. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:413-427. [PMID: 35900313 PMCID: PMC9346266 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was toidentify dose-related systemic effects of inhaled glucocorticoids (GCs) on the global metabolome. DESIGN AND METHODS Metabolomics/lipidomic analysis from plasma was obtained from 54 subjects receiving weekly escalating doses (µg/day) of fluticasone furoate (FF; 25, 100, 200, 400 and 800), fluticasone propionate (FP; 50, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000), budesonide (BUD; 100, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200) or placebo. Samples (pre- and post-dose) were analysed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ions were matched to library standards for identification and quantification. Statistical analysis involved repeated measures ANOVA, cross-over model, random forest and principal component analysis using log-transformed data. RESULTS Quantifiable metabolites (1971) had few significant changes (% increases/decreases; P < 0.05) vs placebo: FF 1.34 (0.42/0.92), FP 1.95 (0.41/1.54) and BUD 2.05 (0.60/1.45). Therapeutic doses had fewer changes: FF 0.96 (0.36/0.61), FP 1.66 (0.44/1.22) and BUD 1.45 (0.56/0.90). At highest/supratherapeutic doses, changes were qualitatively similar: reduced adrenal steroids, particularly glucuronide metabolites of cortisol and cortisone and pregnenolone metabolite DHEA-S; increased amino acids and glycolytic intermediates; decreased fatty acid β-oxidation and branched-chain amino acids. Notable qualitative differences were lowered dopamine metabolites (BUD) and secondary bile acid profiles (BUD/FF), suggesting CNS and gut microbiome effects. CONCLUSIONS Dose-dependent metabolomic changes occurred with inhaled GCs but were seen predominately at highest/supratherapeutic doses, supporting the safety of low and mid therapeutic doses. At comparable therapeutic doses (FF 100, FP 500 and BUD 800 µg/day), FF had the least effect on the most sensitive markers (adrenal steroids) vs BUD and FP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Daley-Yates
- Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Medicine, GSK, Uxbridge, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Daley-Yates;
| | - Brian Keppler
- Discovery and Translational Sciences, Metabolon Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Barnes
- Global Medical Franchise, GSK, Brentford, UK
- William Harvey Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Comparative Transcriptomics and Methylomics Reveal Adaptive Responses of Digestive and Metabolic Genes to Dietary Shift in Giant and Red Pandas. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081446. [PMID: 36011357 PMCID: PMC9407821 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens) belong to the order Carnivora, but have changed their dietary habits to eating bamboo exclusively. The convergent evolution characteristics of their morphology, genome and gut flora have been found in the two pandas. However, the research on the convergent adaptation of their digestion and metabolism to the bamboo diet, mediated by the dietary shift of the two pandas at the gene-expression and epigenetic regulation levels, is still lacking. We therefore used RNA sequencing among five species (two pandas and three non-herbivore mammals) and bisulfite sequencing among three species (two pandas and a carnivore ferret) to sequence key digestion and metabolism tissues (stomach and small intestine). Our results provide evidence that the convergent differentially expressed genes (related to carbohydrate utilization, bile secretion, Lys and Arg metabolism, vitamin B12 utilization and cyanide detoxification) of the two pandas are adaptive responses to the bamboo diet containing low lipids, low Lys and Arg, low vitamin B12 and high cyanide. We also profiled the genome-wide methylome maps of giant panda, red panda and ferret, and the results indicated that the promoter methylation of the two pandas may regulate digestive and metabolic genes to adapt to sudden environmental changes, and then, transmit genetic information to future generations to evolve into bamboo eaters. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the dietary shift and the adaptation to a strict bamboo diet in both pandas using comparative transcriptomics and methylomics.
Collapse
|
21
|
Adaptation to short-term extreme fat consumption alters intestinal lipid handling in male and female mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159208. [PMID: 35926775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is a highly adaptable organ serving as both a barrier to the external environment and a conduit for nutrient absorption. Enterocytes package dietary triglycerides (TG) into chylomicrons for transport into circulation; the remaining TGs are stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (CLDs). The current study aimed to characterize the impact of diet composition on intestinal lipid handling in male and female wild-type mice. Mice were continued on their grain-based diet (GBD) and switched to a high-fat, high cholesterol Western-style diet (WD) or a ketogenic diet (KD) for 3 or 5 weeks. KD-fed mice displayed significantly higher plasma TG levels in response to an olive oil gavage than WD- and GBD-fed mice; TG levels were ~2-fold higher in male KD-fed mice than female KD-fed mice. Poloxamer-407 experiments revealed enhanced intestinal-TG secretion rates in male mice fed a KD upon olive oil gavage, whereas secretion rates were unchanged in female mice. Surprisingly, jejunal CLD size and TG mass after oil gavage were similar among the groups. At fasting, TG mass was significantly higher in the jejunum of male KD-fed mice and the duodenum of female KD-fed mice, providing increased substrate for chylomicron formation. In addition to greater fasting intestinal TG stores, KD-fed male mice displayed longer small intestinal lengths, while female mice displayed markedly longer jejunal villi lengths. After 5 week of diet, 12 h fasting-2 h refeeding experiments revealed jejunal TG levels were similar between diet groups in male mice; however, in female mice, jejunal TG mass was significantly higher in KD-fed mice compared to GBD- and WD-fed mice. These experiments reveal that KD feeding promotes distinct morphological and functional changes to the small intestine compared to the WD diet. Moreover, changes to intestinal lipid handling in response to carbohydrate and protein restriction manifest differently in male and female mice.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghanem M, Lewis GF, Xiao C. Recent advances in cytoplasmic lipid droplet metabolism in intestinal enterocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159197. [PMID: 35820577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Processing of dietary fats in the intestine is a highly regulated process that influences whole-body energy homeostasis and multiple physiological functions. Dysregulated lipid handling in the intestine leads to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In intestinal enterocytes, lipids are incorporated into lipoproteins and cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Lipoprotein synthesis and CLD metabolism are inter-connected pathways with multiple points of regulation. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of lipid processing in the enterocyte, with particular focus on CLDs. In-depth understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism in the enterocyte may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murooj Ghanem
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changting Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
SCD1 is nutritionally and spatially regulated in the intestine and influences systemic postprandial lipid homeostasis and gut-liver crosstalk. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159195. [PMID: 35718096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane resident protein that inserts a double bond into saturated fatty acids, converting them into their monounsaturated counterparts. Previous studies have demonstrated an important role for SCD1 in modulating tissue and systemic health. Specifically, lack of hepatic or cutaneous SCD1 results in significant reductions in tissue esterified lipids. While the intestine is an important site of lipid esterification and assimilation into the body, the regulation of intestinal SCD1 or its impact on lipid composition in the intestine and other tissues has not been investigated. Here we report that unlike other lipogenic enzymes, SCD1 is enriched in the distal small intestine and in the colon of chow-fed mice and is robustly upregulated by acute refeeding of a high-sucrose diet. We generated a mouse model lacking SCD1 specifically in the intestine (iKO mice). These mice have significant reductions not only in intestinal lipids, but also in plasma triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and free cholesterol. Additionally, hepatic accumulation of diacylglycerols is significantly reduced in iKO mice. Comprehensive targeted lipidomic profiling revealed a consistent reduction in the myristoleic (14:1) to myristic (14:0) acid ratios in intestine, liver, and plasma of iKO mice. Consistent with the reduction of the monounsaturated fatty acid myristoleic acid in hepatic lipids of chow fed iKO mice, hepatic expression of Pgc-1α, Sirt1, and related fatty acid oxidation genes were reduced in chow-fed iKO mice. Further, lack of intestinal SCD1 reduced expression of de novo lipogenic genes in distal intestine of chow-fed mice and in the livers of mice fed a lipogenic high-sucrose diet. Taken together, these studies reveal a novel pattern of expression of SCD1 in the intestine. They also demonstrate that intestinal SCD1 modulates lipid content and composition of not only intestinal tissues, but also that of plasma and liver. Further, these data point to intestinal SCD1 as a modulator of gut-liver crosstalk, potentially through the production of novel signaling lipids such as myristoleic acid. These data have important implications to understanding how intestinal SCD1 may modulate risk for post-prandial lipemia, hepatic steatosis, and related pathologies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang C, Wang Z, Song Q, Dong B, Bi Y, Bai H, Jiang Y, Chang G, Chen G. Transcriptome Sequencing to Identify Important Genes and lncRNAs Regulating Abdominal Fat Deposition in Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101256. [PMID: 35625102 PMCID: PMC9138122 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Abdominal fat deposition affects the quality of duck meat and the feed conversion ratio. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the abdominal adipose tissue of ducks with high and low abdominal fat rate by RNA sequencing, exploring the key regulatory genes and lncRNAs related to abdominal fat deposition. As a result, several candidate genes, lncRNAs, and pathways related to abdominal fat deposition in ducks were retrieved. This study lays the foundations for exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of abdominal fat deposition in ducks, providing a theoretical reference for breeding high-quality meat-producing ducks. Abstract Abdominal fat deposition is an important trait in meat-producing ducks. F2 generations of 304 Cherry Valley and Runzhou Crested White ducks were studied to identify genes and lncRNAs affecting abdominal fat deposition. RNA sequencing was used to study abdominal fat tissue of four ducks each with high or low abdominal fat rates. In all, 336 upregulated and 297 downregulated mRNAs, and 95 upregulated and 119 downregulated lncRNAs were identified. Target gene prediction of differentially expressed lncRNAs identified 602 genes that were further subjected to Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis. The target genes were enriched in pathways associated with fat synthesis and metabolism and participated in biological processes, including Linoleic acid metabolism, lipid storage, and fat cell differentiation, indicating that these lncRNAs play an important role in abdominal fat deposition. PPAPA, FOXO3, FASN, PNPLA2, FKBP5, TCF7L2, BMP2, FGF2, LIFR, ZBTB16, SIRT, GYG2, NCOR1, and NR3C1 were involved in the regulation of abdominal fat deposition. PNPLA2, TCF7L2, FGF2, LIFR, BMP2, FKBP5, GYG2, and ZBTB16 were regulated by the lncRNAs TCONS_00038080, TCONS_0033547, TCONS_00066773, XR_001190174.3, XR_003492471.1, XR_003493494.1, XR_001192142.3, XR_002405656.2, XR_002401822.2, XR_003497063.1, and so on. This study lays foundations for exploring molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of abdominal fat deposition in ducks and provides a theoretical basis for breeding high-quality meat-producing ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-514-87997206 (Z.W. & G.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guohong Chen
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (G.C.); Tel.: +86-514-87997206 (Z.W. & G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. Reviews of medium- and long-chain triglyceride with respect to nutritional benefits and digestion and absorption behavior. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
26
|
Fauziah RR, Chin R, Ogita S, Yoshino T, Yamamoto Y. Antiadipogenic Effects of Different Molecular Forms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on 3T3-L1 Cells: Comparison between Free Fatty Acid and Phosphatidylcholine Forms. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1797-1803. [PMID: 34759111 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiadipogenic activity of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in the form of phosphatidylcholine-bound (CLA-PC) or free fatty acids (FFA; CLA-FFA) was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phosphatidylcholine from soya (soy-PC) was used as the comparison of PC form. Both the lipid accumulation and activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured to determine lipogenesis, whereas the glycerol content was measured to evaluate lipolysis. The CLA uptake also measured to find out the utilization of CLA by the cells. As a results, lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with CLA-PC (50-400 μM). Both CLA-PC and soy-PC significantly suppressed lipid accumulation compared with CLA-FFA, even though the amount of CLA in CLA-PC was a half than CLA-FFA. The CLA uptake of PC form was superior to FFA form, however, no difference was noted between CLA-PC and soy-PC. These forms exerted their antiadipogenic activity via the suppression of lipogenesis, and not by increasing lipolysis. Short-term treatment, especially in the middle stage of differentiation, was more effective than long-term treatment; especially for CLA-FFA. The antiadipogenic effect of CLA-PC was partially attributed to the chemical structure of the PC molecule. These results provide important information for the utilization of physiologically functional fatty acids and particularly CLA in the food and medical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riska Rian Fauziah
- Faculty of Bioresource Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Jember
| | - Rie Chin
- Faculty of Bioresource Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Shinjiro Ogita
- Faculty of Bioresource Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshino
- Faculty of Bioresource Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu E, Chen C, Fu J, Zhu L, Shu J, Jin M, Wang Y, Zong X. Dietary fatty acids in gut health: Absorption, metabolism and function. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1337-1344. [PMID: 34786506 PMCID: PMC8570925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In biological responses, fatty acids (FA) are absorbed and metabolized in the form of substrates for energy production. The molecular structures (number of double bonds and chain length) and composition of dietary FA impact digestion, absorption and metabolism, and the biological roles of FA. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FA are essentially utilized as an energy source and are signaling molecules that exert physiological activity of gut microbiota and immune responses. In addition, FA could serve as natural ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), also called free fatty acid receptors (FFAR), which intertwine metabolic and immune systems via multiple mechanisms. The present review explores the recent findings on FA absorption and its impact on gut health, particularly addressing the mechanism by which dietary FA potentially influences intestinal microbiota and epithelial functions. Also, this work attempts to uncover research ideas for devising future strategies for manipulating the composition of dietary FA to regulate gut health and support a normal immune system for metabolic and immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Steenson S, Shojaee-Moradie F, Lovegrove JA, Umpleby AM, Jackson KG, Fielding BA. Dose Dependent Effects of Fructose and Glucose on de novo Palmitate and Glycerol Synthesis in an Enterocyte Cell Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100456. [PMID: 34787358 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fructose exacerbates post-prandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia; perhaps partly due to increased enterocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL). It is unknown whether this is concentration-dependent or if fructose has a greater effect on lipid synthesis than glucose. Dose-dependent effects of fructose and glucose on DNL and de novo triacylglycerol (TAG)-glycerol synthesis are investigated in a Caco-2 cell model. METHODS AND RESULTS Caco-2 cells are treated for 96 h with 5, 25, or 50 mM fructose or glucose, or 12.5 mM fructose/12.5 mM glucose mix. DNL is measured following addition of [13 C2 ]-acetate to apical media. Separately, [13 C6 ]-fructose and [13 C6 ]-glucose are used to measure DNL and de novo TAG-glycerol synthesis. DNL from [13 C2 ]-acetate is detected following all treatments, with greater amounts in intracellular than secreted (media) samples (all p < 0.05). DNL from [13 C6 ]-fructose and [13 C6 ]-glucose is also measurable. Intracellular synthesis is concentration-dependent for both glucose (p = 0.003) and fructose (p = 0.034) tracers and is higher with 25 mM glucose than 25 mM fructose (p = 0.025). DNL from fructose and glucose is <1%, but up to 70% of de novo TAG-glycerol is synthesized from glucose or fructose. CONCLUSION Fructose is not a major source of DNL in Caco-2 cells but contributes substantially to de novo TAG-glycerol synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Steenson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.,Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Fariba Shojaee-Moradie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - A Margot Umpleby
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Barbara A Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li M, Zhu M, Chai W, Wang Y, Song Y, Liu B, Cai C, Song Y, Sun X, Xue P, Wang C. Determination of the Heterogeneity of Intramuscular Fat and Visceral Adipose Tissue From Dezhou Donkey by Lipidomics and Transcriptomics Profiling. Front Nutr 2021; 8:746684. [PMID: 34651009 PMCID: PMC8505748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.746684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are both lipids, but have significantly different deposition processes. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of lipid molecular characteristics and mechanisms is unclear. Accordingly, this study used non-targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics to analyze the lipid profiles and metabolism of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and VAT from donkeys. A total of 1,146 and 1,134 lipids belonging to 18 subclasses were identified in LDM and VAT, respectively, with LDM having higher glycerophospholipid (GP) and lower glycerolipid (GL) contents. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were distributed preferentially at the sn-1 positions in triglycerides (TGs), and sn-2 positions in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The percentage PUFA content in TGs was significantly lower in LDM than in VAT, while the opposite trend was observed for PUFAs in PC and PE. A total of 110 different lipid molecules (72 downregulated and 38 upregulated) were identified in LDM compared with VAT, of which 11 were considered potential lipid markers. These different lipids were involved in 17 metabolic pathways, including GL and GP metabolisms. Of the 578 differentially expressed genes screened, 311 were downregulated and 267 were upregulated in LDM compared with VAT. Enriched ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes mainly involved sphingolipid signaling pathways, and GP, GL, and sphingolipid metabolisms. Overall, lipidomics and transcriptomics indicated differences in lipid profiles and metabolism in LDM and VAT, providing new perspectives for the study of heterogeneity in IMF and VAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wenqiong Chai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yinghua Song
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Baoxiu Liu
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changyun Cai
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yingzi Song
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- Liaocheng Research Institute of Donkey High-Efficiency Breeding and Ecological Feeding, College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brenes AJ, Vandereyken M, James OJ, Watt H, Hukelmann J, Spinelli L, Dikovskaya D, Lamond AI, Swamy M. Tissue environment, not ontogeny, defines murine intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes. eLife 2021; 10:e70055. [PMID: 34473623 PMCID: PMC8463072 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (T-IEL) patrol the gut and have important roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis. T-IEL include both induced T-IEL, derived from systemic antigen-experienced lymphocytes, and natural T-IEL, which are developmentally targeted to the intestine. While the processes driving T-IEL development have been elucidated, the precise roles of the different subsets and the processes driving activation and regulation of these cells remain unclear. To gain functional insights into these enigmatic cells, we used high-resolution, quantitative mass spectrometry to compare the proteomes of induced T-IEL and natural T-IEL subsets, with naive CD8+ T cells from lymph nodes. This data exposes the dominant effect of the gut environment over ontogeny on T-IEL phenotypes. Analyses of protein copy numbers of >7000 proteins in T-IEL reveal skewing of the cell surface repertoire towards epithelial interactions and checkpoint receptors; strong suppression of the metabolic machinery indicating a high energy barrier to functional activation; upregulated cholesterol and lipid metabolic pathways, leading to high cholesterol levels in T-IEL; suppression of T cell antigen receptor signalling and expression of the transcription factor TOX, reminiscent of chronically activated T cells. These novel findings illustrate how T-IEL integrate multiple tissue-specific signals to maintain their homeostasis and potentially function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Brenes
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Maud Vandereyken
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Olivia J James
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Harriet Watt
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jens Hukelmann
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Spinelli
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Dina Dikovskaya
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Mahima Swamy
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of DundeeDundeeUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khan MZ, Ma Y, Ma J, Xiao J, Liu Y, Liu S, Khan A, Khan IM, Cao Z. Association of DGAT1 With Cattle, Buffalo, Goat, and Sheep Milk and Meat Production Traits. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:712470. [PMID: 34485439 PMCID: PMC8415568 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.712470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fatty acids are essential for many dairy product productions, while intramuscular fat (IMF) is associated with the quality of meat. The triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the major components of IMF and milk fat. Therefore, understanding the polymorphisms and genes linked to fat synthesis is important for animal production. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes associated with milk and meat production traits has been the objective of various mapping studies in the last decade. Consistently, the QTLs on chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 have been found to be associated with milk and meat production traits in cattle, goat, and buffalo and sheep, respectively. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene has been reported on chromosomes 14, 15, and 9 in cattle, goat, and buffalo and sheep, respectively. Being a key role in fat metabolism and TAG synthesis, the DGAT1 has obtained considerable attention especially in animal milk production. In addition to milk production, DGAT1 has also been a subject of interest in animal meat production. Several polymorphisms have been documented in DGAT1 in various animal species including cattle, buffalo, goat, and sheep for their association with milk production traits. In addition, the DGAT1 has also been studied for their role in meat production traits in cattle, sheep, and goat. However, very limited studies have been conducted in cattle for association of DGAT1 with meat production traits in cattle. Moreover, not a single study reported the association of DGAT1 with meat production traits in buffalo; thus, further studies are warranted to fulfill this huge gap. Keeping in view the important role of DGAT1 in animal production, the current review article was designed to highlight the major development and new insights on DGAT1 effect on milk and meat production traits in cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat. Moreover, we have also highlighted the possible future contributions of DGAT1 for the studied species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jacome-Sosa M, Hu Q, Manrique-Acevedo CM, Phair RD, Parks EJ. Human intestinal lipid storage through sequential meals reveals faster dinner appearance is associated with hyperlipidemia. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148378. [PMID: 34369385 PMCID: PMC8489663 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is increasingly recognized that intestinal cells can store lipids after a meal, yet the effect of this phenomenon on lipid absorption patterns in insulin resistance remains unknown. Methods The kinetics of meal fat appearance were measured in insulin-sensitive (IS, n = 8) and insulin-resistant (IR, n = 8) subjects after sequential, isotopically labeled lunch and dinner meals. Plasma dynamics on triacylglycerol-rich (TAG-rich) lipoproteins and plasma hormones were analyzed using a nonlinear, non–steady state kinetic model. Results At the onset of dinner, IS subjects showed an abrupt plasma appearance of lunch lipid consistent with the “second-meal effect,” followed by slower appearance of dinner fat in plasma, resulting in reduced accumulation of dinner TAG of 48% compared with lunch. By contrast, IR subjects exhibited faster meal TAG appearance rates after both lunch and dinner. This effect of lower enterocyte storage between meals was associated with greater nocturnal and next-morning hyperlipidemia. The biochemical data and the kinetic analysis of second-meal effect dynamics are consistent with rapid secretion of stored TAG bypassing lipolysis and resynthesis. In addition, the data are consistent with a role for the diurnal pattern of plasma leptin in regulating the processing of dietary lipid. Conclusion These data support the concept that intestinal lipid storage may be physiologically beneficial in IS subjects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02020343. Funding This study was supported by a grant from the American Diabetes Association (grant 1-13-TS-12).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiong Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and
| | | | - Robert D Phair
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Inc., Mountain View, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alves Castilho P, Bracht L, Barros L, Albuquerque BR, Dias MI, Ferreira ICFR, Comar JF, Barlati Vieira da Silva T, Peralta RM, Sá-Nakanishi ABD, Bracht A. Effects of a Myrciaria jaboticaba peel extract on starch and triglyceride absorption and the role of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Food Funct 2021; 12:2644-2659. [PMID: 33645616 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02927k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to perform a parallel and comparative investigation of the effects of a Myrciaria jaboticaba (common name jabuticaba) peel extract and of its constituent cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on the overall process of starch and triglyceride intestinal absorption. The peel extract inhibited both the porcine pancreactic α-amylase and the pancreatic lipase but was 13.6 times more potent on the latter (IC50 values of 1963 and 143.9 μg mL-1, respectively). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside did not contribute significantly to these inhibitions. The jabuticaba peel extract inhibited starch absorption in mice at doses that were compatible with its inhibitory action on the α-amylase. No inhibition of starch absorption was found with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside doses compatible with its content in the extract. The extract also inhibited triglyceride absorption, but at doses that were considerably smaller than those predicted by its strength in inhibiting the pancreatic lipase (ID50 = 3.65 mg kg-1). In this case, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was also strongly inhibitory, with 72% inhibition at the dose of 2 mg kg-1. When oleate + glycerol were given to mice, both the peel extract and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside strongly inhibited the appearance of triglycerides in the plasma. The main mechanism seems, thus, not to be the lipase inhibition but rather the inhibition of one or more steps (e.g., transport) in the events that lead to the transformation of free fatty acids in the intestinal tract into triglycerides. Due to the low active doses, the jabuticaba peel extract presents many favourable perspectives as an inhibitor of fat absorption and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside seems to play a decisive role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Alves Castilho
- Post-Graduate Program in Food Sciences, State University of Maringa, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cui W, Sathyanarayan A, Lopresti M, Aghajan M, Chen C, Mashek DG. Lipophagy-derived fatty acids undergo extracellular efflux via lysosomal exocytosis. Autophagy 2021; 17:690-705. [PMID: 32070194 PMCID: PMC8032247 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1728097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic degradation of lipid droplets (LDs), termed lipophagy, is a major mechanism that contributes to lipid turnover in numerous cell types. While numerous factors, including nutrient deprivation or overexpression of PNPLA2/ATGL (patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2) drive lipophagy, the trafficking of fatty acids (FAs) produced from this pathway is largely unknown. Herein, we show that PNPLA2 and nutrient deprivation promoted the extracellular efflux of FAs. Inhibition of autophagy or lysosomal lipid degradation attenuated FA efflux highlighting a critical role for lipophagy in this process. Rather than direct transport of FAs across the lysosomal membrane, lipophagy-derived FA efflux requires lysosomal fusion to the plasma membrane. The lysosomal Ca2+ channel protein MCOLN1/TRPML1 (mucolipin 1) regulates lysosomal-plasma membrane fusion and its overexpression increased, while inhibition blocked FA efflux. In addition, inhibition of autophagy/lipophagy or MCOLN1, or sequestration of extracellular FAs with BSA attenuated the oxidation and re-esterification of lipophagy-derived FAs. Overall, these studies show that the well-established pathway of lysosomal fusion to the plasma membrane is the primary route for the disposal of FAs derived from lipophagy. Moreover, the efflux of FAs and their reuptake or subsequent extracellular trafficking to adjacent cells may play an important role in cell-to-cell lipid exchange and signaling.Abbreviations: ACTB: beta actin; ADRA1A: adrenergic receptor alpha, 1a; ALB: albumin; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; BHBA: beta-hydroxybutyrate; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CDH1: e-cadherin; CQ: chloroquine; CTSB: cathepsin B; DGAT: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase; FA: fatty acid; HFD: high-fat diet; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LD: lipid droplet; LIPA/LAL: lysosomal acid lipase A; LLME: Leu-Leu methyl ester hydrobromide; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCOLN1/TRPML1: mucolipin 1; MEF: mouse embryo fibroblast; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PLIN: perilipin; PNPLA2/ATGL patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2; RUBCN (rubicon autophagy regulator); SM: sphingomyelin; TAG: triacylglycerol; TMEM192: transmembrane protein 192; VLDL: very low density lipoprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aishwarya Sathyanarayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Lopresti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Douglas G. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Levy E, Beaulieu JF, Spahis S. From Congenital Disorders of Fat Malabsorption to Understanding Intra-Enterocyte Mechanisms Behind Chylomicron Assembly and Secretion. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629222. [PMID: 33584351 PMCID: PMC7873531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, a large body of information on the events responsible for intestinal fat digestion and absorption has been accumulated. In particular, many groups have extensively focused on the absorptive phase in order to highlight the critical "players" and the main mechanisms orchestrating the assembly and secretion of chylomicrons (CM) as essential vehicles of alimentary lipids. The major aim of this article is to review understanding derived from basic science and clinical conditions associated with impaired packaging and export of CM. We have particularly insisted on inborn metabolic pathways in humans as well as on genetically modified animal models (recapitulating pathological features). The ultimate goal of this approach is that "experiments of nature" and in vivo model strategy collectively allow gaining novel mechanistic insight and filling the gap between the underlying genetic defect and the apparent clinical phenotype. Thus, uncovering the cause of disease contributes not only to understanding normal physiologic pathway, but also to capturing disorder onset, progression, treatment and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mah M, Febbraio M, Turpin-Nolan S. Circulating Ceramides- Are Origins Important for Sphingolipid Biomarkers and Treatments? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:684448. [PMID: 34385976 PMCID: PMC8353232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.684448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important tools for describing the adequacy or inadequacy of biological processes (to allow for the early and accurate diagnosis) and monitoring the biological effects of intervention strategies (to identify and develop optimal dose and treatment strategies). A number of lipid biomarkers are implicated in metabolic disease and the circulating levels of these biomarkers are used in clinical settings to predict and monitor disease severity. There is convincing evidence that specific circulating ceramide species can be used as biological predictors and markers of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we review the existing literature that investigated sphingolipids as biomarkers for metabolic disease prediction. What are the advantages and disadvantages? Are circulating ceramides predominantly produced in the liver? Will hepatic sphingolipid inhibitors be able to completely prevent and treat metabolic disease? As sphingolipids are being employed as biomarkers and potential metabolic disease treatments, we explore what is currently known and what still needs to be discovered.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hepatic synthesis of triacylglycerols containing medium-chain fatty acids is dominated by diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and efficiently inhibited by etomoxir. Mol Metab 2020; 45:101150. [PMID: 33359403 PMCID: PMC7843514 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) play an increasing role in human nutrition. In the liver, one fraction is used for synthesis of MCFA-containing triacylglycerol (MCFA-TG), and the rest is used for oxidative energy production or ketogenesis. We investigated which enzymes catalyse the synthesis of MCFA-TG and how inhibition of MCFA-TG synthesis or fatty acid (FA) oxidation influences the metabolic fate of the MCFAs. Methods FA metabolism was followed by time-resolved tracing of alkyne-labelled FAs in freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes. Quantitative data were obtained by mass spectrometry of several hundred labelled lipid species. Wild-type hepatocytes and cells from diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1−/− mice were treated with inhibitors against DGAT1, DGAT2, or FA β-oxidation. Results Inhibition or deletion of DGAT1 resulted in a reduction of MCFA-TG synthesis by 70%, while long-chain (LC)FA-TG synthesis was reduced by 20%. In contrast, DGAT2 inhibition increased MCFA-TG formation by 50%, while LCFA-TG synthesis was reduced by 5–25%. Inhibition of β-oxidation by the specific inhibitor teglicar strongly increased MCFA-TG synthesis. In contrast, the widely used β-oxidation inhibitor etomoxir blocked MCFA-TG synthesis, phenocopying DGAT1 inhibition. Conclusions DGAT1 is the major enzyme for hepatic MCFA-TG synthesis. Its loss can only partially be compensated by DGAT2. Specific inhibition of β-oxidation leads to a compensatory increase in MCFA-TG synthesis, whereas etomoxir blocks both β-oxidation and MCFA-TG synthesis, indicating a strong off-target effect on DGAT1.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bionaz M, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Busato S. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:110. [PMID: 33292523 PMCID: PMC7667790 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5-6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction on in vivo nutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vincent M, Ménard O, Etienne J, Ossemond J, Durand A, Buffin R, Loizon E, Meugnier E, Deglaire A, Dupont D, Picaud JC, Knibbe C, Michalski MC, Penhoat A. Human milk pasteurisation reduces pre-lipolysis but not digestive lipolysis and moderately decreases intestinal lipid uptake in a combination of preterm infant in vitro models. Food Chem 2020; 329:126927. [PMID: 32516717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Donor human milk, pasteurised for safety reasons, is the first alternative for feeding preterm infants when mothers' own milk is unavailable. Breastmilk pasteurisation impact on lipid digestion and absorption was evaluated by a static in vitro digestion model for preterm infants coupled with intestinal absorption using Caco-2/TC7 cells. Lipid absorption was quantified by digital image analysis of lipid droplets, by measurement of basolateral triglyceride concentration and by analysing the expression of major genes involved. After in vitro digestion, lipolysis extent was 13% lower in pasteurised human milk (PHM) than in raw human milk (RHM). In Caco-2/TC7 cells, the number of lipid droplets was identical for both milk types, while the mean droplet area was 17% smaller with PHM. Altogether, pasteurisation decreased the pre-lipolysis of human milk. This initial difference in free fatty acid amount was only partially buffered by the subsequent processes of in vitro digestion and cellular lipid absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Vincent
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France; Neonatology Department, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Julie Etienne
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France; Project-Team BEAGLE, INRIA, Villeurbanne, France.
| | | | - Annie Durand
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Rachel Buffin
- Neonatology Department, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | | | | | - Jean-Charles Picaud
- Neonatology Department, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Carole Knibbe
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France; Project-Team BEAGLE, INRIA, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Pierre-Bénite, France.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang D, Liu J, Eldridge RC, Gaul DA, Paine MRL, Uppal K, MacDonald TJ, Fernández FM. Lipidome signatures of metastasis in a transgenic mouse model of sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7017-7027. [PMID: 32794007 PMCID: PMC7982123 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, has high propensity to metastasize. Currently, the standard treatment for MB patients includes radiation therapy administered to the entire brain and spine for the purpose of treating or preventing against metastasis. Due to this aggressive treatment, the majority of long-term survivors will be left with permanent and debilitating neurocognitive impairment, for the 30-40% patients that fail to respond to treatment, all will relapse with terminal metastatic disease. An understanding of the underlying biology that drives MB metastasis is lacking, and is critically needed in order to develop targeted therapeutics for its prevention. To examine the metastatic biology of sonic hedgehog (SHH) MB, the human MB subgroup with the worst clinical outcome in children, we first generated a robust SmoA1-Math-GFP mouse model that reliably reproduces human SHH MB whereby metastases can be visualized under fluorescence microscopy. Lipidome alterations associated with metastasis were then investigated by applying ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) under positive ionization mode to primary tumor samples collected from mice without (n = 18) and with (n = 7) metastasis. Thirty-four discriminant lipids associated with SHH MB metastasis were successfully annotated, including ceramides (Cers), sphingomyelins (SMs), triacylglycerols (TGs), diacylglycerols (DGs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and phosphatidic acids (PAs). This study provides deeper insights into dysregulations of lipid metabolism associated with SHH MB metastatic progression, and thus serves as a guide toward novel targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danning Huang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - David A Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | - Karan Uppal
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tobey J MacDonald
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Takemoto K, Fukasaka Y, Yoshimoto R, Nambu H, Yukioka H. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 inhibition induces dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and leads to intestinal barrier failure and diarrhea in mice. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14542. [PMID: 32786057 PMCID: PMC7422801 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal metabolism and transport of triacylglycerol (TAG) play a critical role in dietary TAG absorption, and defects in the process are associated with congenital diarrhea. The final reaction in TAG synthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1 and DGAT2), which uses activated fatty acids (FA) as substrates. Loss-of-function mutations in DGAT1 cause watery diarrhea in humans, but mechanisms underlying the relationship between altered DGAT activity and diarrhea remain largely unclear. Here, the effects of DGAT1 and DGAT2 inhibition, alone or in combination, on dietary TAG absorption and diarrhea in mice were investigated by using a selective DGAT1 inhibitor (PF-04620110) and DGAT2 inhibitor (PF-06424439). Simultaneous administration of a single dosing of these inhibitors drastically decreased intestinal TAG secretion into the blood circulatory system and TAG accumulation in the duodenum at 60 min after lipid gavage. Under 60% high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, their repeated simultaneous administration for 2 days induced severe watery diarrhea and occasionally led to death. The diarrhea was accompanied by enhanced fecal FA excretion, intestinal injury and barrier failure. DGAT1 or DGAT2 inhibition alone did not induce the phenotypic changes observed in DGAT1/2 inhibitor-treated mice. The results demonstrate that DGAT1/2 inhibition alters TAG absorption and results in watery diarrhea in mice. DGAT1/2 inhibition-induced diarrhea may be caused by intestinal barrier dysfunction due to dysregulation of the cytotoxic FA metabolism. These findings suggest that DGAT-mediated intestinal TAG synthesis is a vital step for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity under HFD feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Takemoto
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary MedicineYamaguchi UniversityYamaguchiJapan
| | - Yumiko Fukasaka
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
| | - Ryo Yoshimoto
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
| | - Hirohide Nambu
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
| | - Hideo Yukioka
- Drug Discovery & Disease Research LaboratoryShionogi & Co., LtdOsakaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Al-Jawadi A, Patel CR, Shiarella RJ, Romelus E, Auvinen M, Guardia J, Pearce SC, Kishida K, Yu S, Gao N, Ferraris RP. Cell-Type-Specific, Ketohexokinase-Dependent Induction by Fructose of Lipogenic Gene Expression in Mouse Small Intestine. J Nutr 2020; 150:1722-1730. [PMID: 32386219 PMCID: PMC7330472 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intakes of fructose are associated with metabolic diseases, including hypertriglyceridemia and intestinal tumor growth. Although small intestinal epithelia consist of many different cell types, express lipogenic genes, and convert dietary fructose to fatty acids, there is no information on the identity of the cell type(s) mediating this conversion and on the effects of fructose on lipogenic gene expression. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that fructose regulates the intestinal expression of genes involved in lipid and apolipoprotein synthesis, that regulation depends on the fructose transporter solute carrier family 2 member a5 [Slc2a5 (glucose transporter 5)] and on ketohexokinase (Khk), and that regulation occurs only in enterocytes. METHODS We compared lipogenic gene expression among different organs from wild-type adult male C57BL mice consuming a standard vivarium nonpurified diet. We then gavaged twice daily for 2.5 d fructose or glucose solutions (15%, 0.3 mL per mouse) into wild-type, Slc2a5-knockout (KO), and Khk-KO mice with free access to the nonpurified diet and determined expression of representative lipogenic genes. Finally, from mice fed the nonpurified diet, we made organoids highly enriched in enterocyte, goblet, Paneth, or stem cells and then incubated them overnight in 10 mM fructose or glucose. RESULTS Most lipogenic genes were significantly expressed in the intestine relative to the kidney, liver, lung, and skeletal muscle. In vivo expression of Srebf1, Acaca, Fasn, Scd1, Dgat1, Gk, Apoa4, and Apob mRNA and of Scd1 protein increased (P < 0.05) by 3- to 20-fold in wild-type, but not in Slc2a5-KO and Khk-KO, mice gavaged with fructose. In vitro, Slc2a5- and Khk-dependent, fructose-induced increases, which ranged from 1.5- to 4-fold (P < 0.05), in mRNA concentrations of all these genes were observed only in organoids enriched in enterocytes. CONCLUSIONS Fructose specifically stimulates expression of mouse small intestinal genes for lipid and apolipoprotein synthesis. Secretory and stem cells seem incapable of transport- and metabolism-dependent lipogenesis, occurring only in absorptive enterocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Al-Jawadi
- Present address for AA-J: Thermo Fisher Scientific, 5823 Newton Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
| | - Chirag R Patel
- Present address for CRP: Independent Drug Safety Consultant, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE 19803
| | - Reilly J Shiarella
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Emmanuellie Romelus
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Madelyn Auvinen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua Guardia
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah C Pearce
- Present address for SCP: Performance Nutrition Team, Combat Feeding Directorate, Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760-5018
| | - Kunihiro Kishida
- Present address for KK: Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Science Center, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Straub RH. The memory of the fatty acid system. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101049. [PMID: 32589906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mental memory system has sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Working memory "keeps things in mind in parallel" when performing complex tasks. Similar aspects can be found for immunological memory. However, there exists another one, the memory of the fatty acid system. This article shows sensory memory of the fatty acid system, which is the perception apparatus of small intestine enterocytes (CD36, SR-B1, FATP4, FABP1, FABP2) and hepatocytes. In these cells, the fatty acid short-term memory is located, consisting of a cytoplasmic lipid droplet cycle. Similar like a working memory in the brain, the short-term memory of enterocytes and hepatocytes use parallel processing and recourse to long-term fatty acid memory. The fatty acid long-term memory is far away from these primary points of uptake. It is located in the adipocyte and in cellular membranes. The process of building a fatty acid memory is described with constructs like sensing environmental material, encoding, consolidation, long-term storage, retrieval, re-encoding, re-consolidation, and renewed long-term storage. The article illustrates the dynamics of building a fatty acid memory, the information content of fatty acids including the code, the roles of fatty acids in the body, and a new understanding of the expression "you are what you eat". The memory of the fatty acid system, plays a decisive role in integrating environmental signals over time (diet and microbiome).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Blaner WS, Brun PJ, Calderon RM, Golczak M. Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2): biology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:197-218. [PMID: 32466661 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2; originally cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII)) is a 16 kDa cytosolic protein that in the adult is localized predominantly to absorptive cells of the proximal small intestine. It is well established that RBP2 plays a central role in facilitating uptake of dietary retinoid, retinoid metabolism in enterocytes, and retinoid actions locally within the intestine. Studies of mice lacking Rbp2 establish that Rbp2 is not required in times of dietary retinoid-sufficiency. However, in times of dietary retinoid-insufficiency, the complete lack of Rbp2 gives rise to perinatal lethality owing to RBP2 absence in both placental (maternal) and neonatal tissues. Moreover, when maintained on a high-fat diet, Rbp2-knockout mice develop obesity, glucose intolerance and a fatty liver. Unexpectedly, recent investigations have demonstrated that RBP2 binds long-chain 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), including the canonical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, with very high affinity, equivalent to that of retinol binding. Crystallographic studies establish that 2-MAGs bind to a site within RBP2 that fully overlaps with the retinol binding site. When challenged orally with fat, mucosal levels of 2-MAGs in Rbp2 null mice are significantly greater than those of matched controls establishing that RBP2 is a physiologically relevant MAG-binding protein. The rise in MAG levels is accompanied by elevations in circulating levels of the hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is not understood how retinoid and/or MAG binding to RBP2 affects the functions of this protein, nor is it presently understood how these contribute to the metabolic and hormonal phenotypes observed for Rbp2-deficient mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Brun
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang L, Qian H, Nian Y, Han Y, Ren Z, Zhang H, Hu L, Prasad BVV, Laganowsky A, Yan N, Zhou M. Structure and mechanism of human diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1. Nature 2020; 581:329-332. [PMID: 32433610 PMCID: PMC7255049 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) synthesizes triacylglycerides and is required for dietary fat absorption and fat storage in humans1. DGAT1 belongs to the superfamily of membrane-bound O-acyltransferases (MBOAT) that are found in all kingdoms of life and involved in acylation of lipids and proteins2,3. It remains unclear how human DGAT1 (hDGAT1) or other mammalian members of the MBOAT family recognize their substrates and catalyze their reactions. The absence of three-dimensional structures also hampers rational targeting of hDGAT1 for therapeutic purposes. Here we present the structure of hDGAT1 in complex with a substrate oleoyl Coenzyme A solved by cryo-electron microscopy. Each hDGAT1 protomer has nine transmembrane helices and eight of which form a conserved structural fold that we define as the MBOAT fold. The MBOAT fold in hDGAT1 carves out a hollow chamber in the membrane that encloses highly conserved catalytic residues. The chamber has separate entrances for the two substrates fatty acyl Coenzyme A and diacylglycerol. hDGAT1 can exist as either a homodimer or homotetramer and the two forms have similar enzymatic activity. The N-terminus of hDGAT1 interacts with the neighboring protomer and these interactions are required for the enzymatic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lie Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hongwu Qian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yin Nian
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenning Ren
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Ming Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Molla MD, Ayelign B, Dessie G, Geto Z, Admasu TD. Caspase-1 as a regulatory molecule of lipid metabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:34. [PMID: 32143623 PMCID: PMC7060649 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-1 is an evolutionarily conserved inflammatory mediated enzyme that cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines. It can be activated through the assembly of inflammasome and its major effect is to activate the pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interluekine-18 (IL-18). In addition to IL-1β and IL-8, several lines of evidence showed that caspase-1 targets the substrates that are involved in different metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism. Caspase-1 regulates lipid metabolism through cytokine dependent or cytokine independent regulation of genes that involved in lipid metabolism and its regulation. To date, there are several reports on the role of caspase-1 in lipid metabolism. Therefore, this review is aimed to summarize the role of caspase-1 in lipid metabolism and its regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Geto
- National Reference Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfahun Dessale Admasu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee SA, Yang KJZ, Brun PJ, Silvaroli JA, Yuen JJ, Shmarakov I, Jiang H, Feranil JB, Li X, Lackey AI, Krężel W, Leibel RL, Libien J, Storch J, Golczak M, Blaner WS. Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) binds monoacylglycerols and modulates gut endocrine signaling and body weight. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8937. [PMID: 32195347 PMCID: PMC7065888 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Expressed in the small intestine, retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) facilitates dietary retinoid absorption. Rbp2-deficient (Rbp2-/- ) mice fed a chow diet exhibit by 6-7 months-of-age higher body weights, impaired glucose metabolism, and greater hepatic triglyceride levels compared to controls. These phenotypes are also observed when young Rbp2-/- mice are fed a high fat diet. Retinoids do not account for the phenotypes. Rather, RBP2 is a previously unidentified monoacylglycerol (MAG)-binding protein, interacting with the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and other MAGs with affinities comparable to retinol. X-ray crystallographic studies show that MAGs bind in the retinol binding pocket. When challenged with an oil gavage, Rbp2-/- mice show elevated mucosal levels of 2-MAGs. This is accompanied by significantly elevated blood levels of the gut hormone GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Thus, RBP2, in addition to facilitating dietary retinoid absorption, modulates MAG metabolism and likely signaling, playing a heretofore unknown role in systemic energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kryscilla Jian Zhang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Brun
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josie A. Silvaroli
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jason J. Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Shmarakov
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun B. Feranil
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueting Li
- PhD Program in Nutritional and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atreju I. Lackey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, U1258, CNRS, UMR 7104, Unistra, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Libien
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dermadi D, Bscheider M, Bjegovic K, Lazarus NH, Szade A, Hadeiba H, Butcher EC. Exploration of Cell Development Pathways through High-Dimensional Single Cell Analysis in Trajectory Space. iScience 2020; 23:100842. [PMID: 32058956 PMCID: PMC6997593 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dimensional single cell profiling coupled with computational modeling is emerging as a powerful tool to elucidate developmental programs directing cell lineages. We introduce tSpace, an algorithm based on the concept of "trajectory space", in which cells are defined by their distance along nearest neighbor pathways to every other cell in a population. Graphical mapping of cells in trajectory space allows unsupervised reconstruction and exploration of complex developmental sequences. Applied to flow and mass cytometry data, the method faithfully reconstructs thymic T cell development and reveals development and trafficking regulation of tonsillar B cells. Applied to the single cell transcriptome of mouse intestine and C. elegans, the method recapitulates development from intestinal stem cells to specialized epithelial phenotypes more faithfully than existing algorithms and orders C. elegans cells concordantly to the associated embryonic time. tSpace profiling of complex populations is well suited for hypothesis generation in developing cell systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dermadi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Michael Bscheider
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kristina Bjegovic
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Nicole H Lazarus
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Agata Szade
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Husein Hadeiba
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and the Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research (PAVIR), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hodson L, Gunn PJ. The regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis and partitioning: the effect of nutritional state. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:689-700. [PMID: 31554932 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing global public health burden. NAFLD is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular disease and begins with intrahepatic triacylglycerol accumulation. Under healthy conditions, the liver regulates lipid metabolism to meet systemic energy needs in the fed and fasted states. The processes of fatty acid uptake, fatty acid synthesis and the intracellular partitioning of fatty acids into storage, oxidation and secretion pathways are tightly regulated. When one or more of these processes becomes dysregulated, excess lipid accumulation can occur. Although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the development of NAFLD, it remains unclear why an imbalance in these pathways begins. The regulation of fatty acid partitioning occurs at several points, including during triacylglycerol synthesis, lipid droplet formation and lipolysis. These processes are influenced by enzyme function, intake of dietary fats and sugars and whole-body metabolism, and are further affected by the presence of obesity or insulin resistance. Insight into how the liver controls fatty acid metabolism in health and how these processes might be affected in disease would offer the potential for new therapeutic treatments for NAFLD to be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
| | - Pippa J Gunn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Morishita H, Zhao YG, Tamura N, Nishimura T, Kanda Y, Sakamaki Y, Okazaki M, Li D, Mizushima N. A critical role of VMP1 in lipoprotein secretion. eLife 2019; 8:48834. [PMID: 31526472 PMCID: PMC6748824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are lipid-protein complexes that are primarily generated and secreted from the intestine, liver, and visceral endoderm and delivered to peripheral tissues. Lipoproteins, which are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, are released into the ER lumen for secretion, but its mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the release of lipoproteins from the ER membrane requires VMP1, an ER transmembrane protein essential for autophagy and certain types of secretion. Loss of vmp1, but not other autophagy-related genes, in zebrafish causes lipoprotein accumulation in the intestine and liver. Vmp1 deficiency in mice also leads to lipid accumulation in the visceral endoderm and intestine. In VMP1-depleted cells, neutral lipids accumulate within lipid bilayers of the ER membrane, thus affecting lipoprotein secretion. These results suggest that VMP1 is important for the release of lipoproteins from the ER membrane to the ER lumen in addition to its previously known functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan G Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Norito Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taki Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Microscopy Research Support Unit Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Dongfang Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|