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Umemura M, Honda A, Yamashita M, Chida T, Noritake H, Yamamoto K, Honda T, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Tsuneyama K, Miyazaki T, Kurono N, Leung PSC, Gershwin ME, Suda T, Kawata K. High-fat diet modulates bile acid composition and gut microbiota, affecting severe cholangitis and cirrhotic change in murine primary biliary cholangitis. J Autoimmun 2024; 148:103287. [PMID: 39033687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that, in addition to a loss of tolerance, bile acid (BA) modulates the natural history of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). We focused on the impacts of dietary changes on the immunopathology of PBC, along with alterations in BA composition and gut microbiota. In this study, we have taken advantage of our unique PBC model, a Cyp2c70/Cyp2a12 double knockout (DKO), which includes a human-like BA composition, and develops progressive cholangitis following immunization with the PDC-E2 mimic, 2-octynoic acid (2OA). We compared the effects of a ten-week high-fat diet (HFD) (60 % kcal from fat) and a normal diet (ND) on 2OA-treated DKO mice. Importantly, we report that 2OA-treated DKO mice fed HFD had significantly exacerbated cholangitis, leading to cirrhosis, with increased hepatic expression of Th1 cytokines/chemokines and hepatic fibrotic markers. Serum lithocholic acid (LCA) levels and the ratio of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)-derived BAs to cholic acid-derived BAs were significantly increased by HFD. This was also associated with downregulated expression of key regulators of BA synthesis, including Cyp8b1, Cyp3a11, and Sult2a1. In addition, there were increases in the relative abundances of Acetatifactor and Lactococcus and decreases in Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, which corresponded to the abundances of CDCA and LCA. In conclusion, HFD and HFD-induced alterations in the gut microbiota modulate BA composition and nuclear receptor activation, leading to cirrhotic change in this murine PBC model. These findings have significant implications for understanding the progression of human PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Umemura
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Maho Yamashita
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Chida
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hidenao Noritake
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Nobuhito Kurono
- Department of Chemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
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Yang H, Yang T, Ding J, Wang X, Chen X, Liu J, Shu T, Wu Z, Sun L, Huang X, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Taurocholic acid represents an earlier and more sensitive biomarker and promotes cholestatic hepatotoxicity in ANIT-treated rats. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39030796 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Bile acid homeostasis is crucial for the normal physiological functioning of the liver. Disruptions in bile acid profiles are closely linked to the occurrence of cholestatic liver injury. As part of our diagnostic and therapeutic approach, we aimed to investigate the disturbance in bile acid profiles during cholestasis and its correlation with cholestatic liver injury. Before the occurrence of liver injury, alterations in bile acid profiles were detected in both plasma and liver between 8 and 16 h, persisting up to 96 h. TCA, TCDCA, and TUDCA in the plasma, as well as TCA, TUDCA, TCDCA, TDCA, TLCA, and THDCA in the liver, emerged as early sensitive and potential markers for diagnosing ANIT-induced cholestasis at 8-16 h. The distinguishing features of ANIT-induced liver injury were as follows: T-BAs exceeding G-BAs and serum biochemical indicators surpassing free bile acids. Notably, plasma T-BAs, particularly TCA, exhibited higher sensitivity to cholestatic hepatotoxicity compared with serum enzyme activity and liver histopathology. Further investigation revealed that TCA exacerbated ANIT-induced liver injury by elevating liver function enzyme activity, inflammation, and bile duct proliferation and promoting the migration of bile duct epithelial cell. Nevertheless, no morphological changes or alterations in transaminase activity indicative of liver damage were observed in the rats treated with TCA alone. Additionally, there were no changes in bile acid profiles or inflammatory responses under physiological conditions with maintained bile acid homeostasis. In summary, our findings suggest that taurine-conjugated bile acids in both plasma and liver, particularly TCA, can serve as early and sensitive markers for predicting intrahepatic cholestatic drugs and can act as potent exacerbators of cholestatic liver injury progression. However, exogenous TCA does not induce liver injury under physiological conditions where bile acid homeostasis is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Ding
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Shu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziteng Wu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Chaudhari SN, Harris DA, Roberts CF, Moscalu A, Mathur V, Zhao L, Tavakkoli A, Devlin AS, Sheu EG. A small intestinal bile acid modulates the gut microbiome to improve host metabolic phenotypes following bariatric surgery. Cell Host Microbe 2024:S1931-3128(24)00232-4. [PMID: 39043190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Bariatric surgical procedures such as sleeve gastrectomy (SG) provide effective type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission in human patients. Previous work demonstrated that gastrointestinal levels of the bacterial metabolite lithocholic acid (LCA) are decreased after SG in mice and humans. Here, we show that LCA worsens glucose tolerance and impairs whole-body metabolism. We also show that taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), which is the only bile acid whose concentration increases in the murine small intestine post-SG, suppresses the bacterial bile acid-inducible (bai) operon and production of LCA both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of diet-induced obese mice with TDCA reduces LCA levels and leads to microbiome-dependent improvements in glucose handling. Moreover, TDCA abundance is decreased in small intestinal tissue from T2D patients. This work reveals that TDCA is an endogenous inhibitor of LCA production and suggests that TDCA may contribute to the glucoregulatory effects of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Chen
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Snehal N Chaudhari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A Harris
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Cullen F Roberts
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrei Moscalu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vasundhara Mathur
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Sloan Devlin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Eric G Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Lee MH, Nuccio SP, Mohanty I, Hagey LR, Dorrestein PC, Chu H, Raffatellu M. How bile acids and the microbiota interact to shape host immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x. [PMID: 39009868 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are responsible for bile acid modifications. With recent advances in technology enabling the discovery and continued identification of microbially conjugated bile acids, the chemical complexity of the bile acid landscape in the body is increasing at a rapid pace. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of how bile acids and the gut microbiota interact to modulate immune responses during homeostasis and disease, with a particular focus on the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lee R Hagey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Karakus E, Proksch AL, Moritz A, Geyer J. Quantitative bile acid profiling in healthy adult dogs and pups from serum, plasma, urine, and feces using LC-MS/MS. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1380920. [PMID: 38948668 PMCID: PMC11211631 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1380920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and secretion of bile acids (BA) is a key physiological function of the liver. In pathological conditions like portosystemic shunt, hepatic insufficiency, hepatitis, or cirrhosis BA metabolism and secretion are disturbed. Quantification of total serum BA is an established diagnostic method to assess the general liver function and allows early detection of abnormalities, liver disease progression and guidance of treatment decisions. To date, data on comparative BA profiles in dogs are limited. However, BA profiles might be even better diagnostic parameters than total BA concentrations. On this background, the present study analyzed and compared individual BA profiles in serum, plasma, urine, and feces of 10 healthy pups and 40 adult healthy dogs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was performed by solid-phase extraction for serum, plasma, and urine samples or by protein precipitation with methanol for the feces samples. For each dog, 22 different BA, including unconjugated BA and their glycine and taurine conjugates, were analyzed. In general, there was a great interindividual variation for the concentrations of single BA, mostly exemplified by the fact that cholic acid (CA) was by far the most prominent BA in blood and urine samples of some of the dogs (adults and pups), while in others, CA was under the detection limit. There were no significant age-related differences in the BA profiles, but pups showed generally lower absolute BA concentrations in serum, plasma, and urine. Taurine-conjugated BA were predominant in the serum and plasma of both pups (68%) and adults (74-75%), while unconjugated BA were predominant in the urine and feces of pups (64 and 95%, respectively) and adults (68 and 99%, respectively). The primary BA chenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid and the secondary BA deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were the most robust analytes for potential diagnostic purpose. In conclusion, this study reports simultaneous BA profiling in dog serum, plasma, urine, and feces and provides valuable diagnostic data for subsequent clinical studies in dogs with different kinds of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Karakus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Proksch
- Clinic of Small Animals—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Clinic of Small Animals—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Kayashima A, Sujino T, Fukuhara S, Miyamoto K, Kubosawa Y, Ichikawa M, Kawasaki S, Takabayashi K, Iwasaki E, Kato M, Honda A, Kanai T, Nakamoto N. Unique bile acid profiles in the bile ducts of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0452. [PMID: 38780302 PMCID: PMC11124737 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and biliary bile acids (BAs) remains unclear. Although a few studies have compared PSC biliary BAs with other diseases, they did not exclude the influence of cholestasis, which affects the composition of BAs. We compared biliary BAs and microbiota among patients with PSC, controls without cholestasis, and controls with cholestasis, based on the hypothesis that alterations in BAs underlie the pathophysiology of PSC. METHODS Bile samples were obtained using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from patients with PSC (n = 14), non-hepato-pancreato-biliary patients without cholestasis (n = 15), and patients with cholestasis (n = 13). RESULTS The BA profiles showed that patients with PSC and cholestasis controls had significantly lower secondary BAs than non-cholestasis controls, as expected, whereas the ratio of cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with PSC was significantly lower despite cholestasis, and the ratio of (cholic acid + deoxycholic acid)/(chenodeoxycholic acid + lithocholic acid) in patients with PSC was significantly lower than that in the controls with or without cholestasis. The BA ratio in the bile of patients with PSC showed a similar trend in the serum. Moreover, there were correlations between the alteration of BAs and clinical data that differed from those of the cholestasis controls. Biliary microbiota did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PSC showed characteristic biliary and serum BA compositions that were different from those in other groups. These findings suggest that the BA synthesis system in patients with PSC differs from that in controls and patients with other cholestatic diseases. Our approach to assessing BAs provides insights into the pathophysiology of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuto Kayashima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Fukuhara
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Kubosawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawasaki
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Iwasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun Y, Zhou J, Du H, Zhou Z, Han Y, Luo M, Guo X, Gu M, Yang H, Xiao H. The Anti-inflammatory Potential of a Strain of Probiotic Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G7: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10355-10365. [PMID: 38620073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The genus Bifidobacterium has been widely used in functional foods for health promotion due to its beneficial effects on human health, especially in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In this study, we characterize the anti-inflammatory potential of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G7, isolated from a healthy male adult. G7 secretion inhibited inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, oral administration of bacteria G7 alleviated the severity of colonic inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated colitis mice, which was evidenced by a decreased disease activity index (DAI) and enhanced structural integrity of the colon. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing result illustrated that the G7 alleviated DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, accompanied by the modulated bile acids and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Overall, our results demonstrated the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G7 on both in vitro and in vivo models, which provided a solid foundation for further development of a novel anti-inflammatory probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Sun
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jiazhi Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Minna Luo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Huqing Yang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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8
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Cheng Z, Chen Y, Schnabl B, Chu H, Yang L. Bile acid and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Molecular insights and therapeutic targets. J Adv Res 2024; 59:173-187. [PMID: 37356804 PMCID: PMC11081971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been the second most common cause of liver transplantation in the United States. To date, NASH pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated but is multifactorial, involving insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic disorders, diet, dysbiosis, and gene polymorphism. An effective and approved therapy for NASH has also not been established. Bile acid is long known to have physiological detergent function in emulsifying and absorbing lipids and lipid-soluble molecules within the intestinal lumen. With more and more in-depth understandings of bile acid, it has been deemed to be a pivotal signaling molecule, which is capable of regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, liver inflammation, and fibrosis. In recent years, a plethora of studies have delineated that disrupted bile acid homeostasis is intimately correlated with NASH disease severity. AIMS The review aims to clarify the role of bile acid in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, liver inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, and discusses the safety and efficacy of some pharmacological agents targeting bile acid and its associated pathways for NASH. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Bile acid has a salutary effect on hepatic metabolic disorders, which can ameliorate liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance mainly through activating Takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 and farnesoid X receptor. Moreover, bile acid also exerts anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis properties. Furthermore, bile acid has great potential in nonalcoholic liver disease stratification and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Yixiong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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9
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Zhang W, Wu H, Luo S, Lu X, Tan X, Wen L, Ma X, Efferth T. Molecular insights into experimental models and therapeutics for cholestasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116594. [PMID: 38615607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a range of conditions caused by the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) or disruptions in bile flow, which can harm the liver and bile ducts. To investigate its pathogenesis and treatment, it is essential to establish and assess experimental models of cholestasis, which have significant clinical value. However, owing to the complex pathogenesis of cholestasis, a single modelling method can merely reflect one or a few pathological mechanisms, and each method has its adaptability and limitations. We summarize the existing experimental models of cholestasis, including animal models, gene-knockout models, cell models, and organoid models. We also describe the main types of cholestatic disease simulated clinically. This review provides an overview of targeted therapy used for treating cholestasis based on the current research status of cholestasis models. In addition, we discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages of different models of cholestasis to help establish experimental models that resemble clinical disease conditions. In sum, this review not only outlines the current research with cholestasis models but also projects prospects for clinical treatment, thereby bridging basic research and practical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hefei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiman Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Fleishman JS, Kumar S. Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:97. [PMID: 38664391 PMCID: PMC11045871 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, once considered mere dietary surfactants, now emerge as critical modulators of macronutrient (lipid, carbohydrate, protein) metabolism and the systemic pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. Bile acid metabolism and signaling pathways play a crucial role in protecting against, or if aberrant, inducing cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions, strongly influencing health and disease. No curative treatment exists for any bile acid influenced disease, while the most promising and well-developed bile acid therapeutic was recently rejected by the FDA. Here, we provide a bottom-up approach on bile acids, mechanistically explaining their biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology at canonical and non-canonical receptors. Using this mechanistic model of bile acids, we explain how abnormal bile acid physiology drives disease pathogenesis, emphasizing how ceramide synthesis may serve as a unifying pathogenic feature for cardiometabolic diseases. We provide an in-depth summary on pre-existing bile acid receptor modulators, explain their shortcomings, and propose solutions for how they may be remedied. Lastly, we rationalize novel targets for further translational drug discovery and provide future perspectives. Rather than dismissing bile acid therapeutics due to recent setbacks, we believe that there is immense clinical potential and a high likelihood for the future success of bile acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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11
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Wakasa K, Tamura R, Osaka S, Takei H, Asai A, Nittono H, Kusuhara H, Hayashi H. Rapid in vivo evaluation system for cholestasis-related genes in mice with humanized bile acid profiles. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0382. [PMID: 38517206 PMCID: PMC10962888 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric cholestatic liver diseases (Ped-CLD) comprise many ultrarare disorders with a genetic basis. Pharmacologic therapy for severe cases of Ped-CLD has not been established. Species differences in bile acid (BA) metabolism between humans and rodents contribute to the lack of phenocopy of patients with Ped-CLD in rodents and hinder the development of therapeutic strategies. We aimed to establish an efficient in vivo system to understand BA-related pathogenesis, such as Ped-CLD. METHODS We generated mice that express spCas9 specifically in the liver (L-Cas9Tg/Tg [liver-specific Cas9Tg/Tg] mice) and designed recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 encoding small-guide RNA (AAV8 sgRNA) targeting Abcc2, Abcb11, and Cyp2c70. In humans, ABCC2 and ABCB11 deficiencies cause constitutional hyperbilirubinemia and most severe Ped-CLD, respectively. Cyp2c70 encodes an enzyme responsible for the rodent-specific BA profile. Six-week-old L-Cas9Tg/Tg mice were injected with this AAV8 sgRNA and subjected to biochemical and histological analysis. RESULTS Fourteen days after the injection with AAV8 sgRNA targeting Abcc2, L-Cas9Tg/Tg mice exhibited jaundice and phenocopied patients with ABCC2 deficiency. L-Cas9Tg/Tg mice injected with AAV8 sgRNA targeting Abcb11 showed hepatomegaly and cholestasis without histological evidence of liver injury. Compared to Abcb11 alone, simultaneous injection of AAV8 sgRNA for Abcb11 and Cyp2c70 humanized the BA profile and caused higher transaminase levels and parenchymal necrosis, resembling phenotypes with ABCB11 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of concept for efficient in vivo assessment of cholestasis-related genes in humanized bile acid profiles. Our platform offers a more time- and cost-effective alternative to conventional genetically engineered mice, increasing our understanding of BA-related pathogenesis such as Ped-CLD and expanding the potential for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihiro Wakasa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Osaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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YAMAGISHI N, KYOUI D, MORIYA N, AOKI-YOSHIDA A, GOTO T, TOYODA A, IPPOUSHI K, MAEDA-YAMAMOTO M, TAKAYAMA Y, SUZUKI C. Effects of subchronic and mild social defeat stress on the intestinal microbiota and fecal bile acid composition in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:260-266. [PMID: 38966043 PMCID: PMC11220325 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in both the pathogenesis and alleviation of host depression by modulating the brain-gut axis. We have developed a murine model of human depression called the subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model, which impacts not only behavior but also the host gut microbiota and gut metabolites, including bile acids. In this study, we utilized liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to explore the effects of sCSDS on the mouse fecal bile acid profile. sCSDS mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) in fecal extracts, leading to a notable increase in total bile acids and 7α-dehydroxylated secondary bile acids. Consequently, a noteworthy negative correlation was identified between the abundances of DCA and LCA and the social interaction score, an indicator of susceptibility in stressed mice. Furthermore, analysis of the colonic microbiome unveiled a negative correlation between the abundance of CDCA and Turicibacter. Additionally, DCA and LCA exhibited positive correlations with Oscillospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae but negative correlations with the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group. These findings suggest that sCSDS impacts the bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and bile acids and is associated with reduced social interaction, a behavioral indicator of susceptibility in stressed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko YAMAGISHI
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical
University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Daisuke KYOUI
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa,
Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoko MORIYA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ayako AOKI-YOSHIDA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko GOTO
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wakayama Medical
University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of
Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University
of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki
300-0393 Japan
| | - Atsushi TOYODA
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki
300-0393 Japan
- Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and
Medical Science (IUCAM), Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiharu TAKAYAMA
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Institute of Food Research, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642
Japan
| | - Chise SUZUKI
- College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa,
Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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13
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Da Dalt L, Moregola A, Svecla M, Pedretti S, Fantini F, Ronzio M, Uboldi P, Dolfini D, Donetti E, Baragetti A, Mitro N, Scorrano L, Norata GD. The inhibition of inner mitochondrial fusion in hepatocytes reduces non-alcoholic fatty liver and improves metabolic profile during obesity by modulating bile acid conjugation. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2917-2929. [PMID: 37922889 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondria are plastic organelles that continuously undergo biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy to control cellular energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, hormones, sterols, and bile acids (BAs) synthesis. Here, we evaluated how the impairment of mitochondrial fusion in hepatocytes affects diet-induced liver steatosis and obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice selectively lacking the key protein involved in inner mitochondrial fusion, optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) (OPA1ΔHep) were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks. OPA1ΔHep mice were protected from the development of hepatic steatosis and obesity because of reduced lipid absorption; a profile which was accompanied by increased respiratory exchange ratio in vivo, suggesting a preference for carbohydrates in OPA1ΔHep compared to controls. At the molecular level, this phenotype emerged as a consequence of poor mitochondria-peroxisome- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tethering in OPA1 deficient hepatocytes, which impaired BAs conjugation and release in the bile, thus impacting lipid absorption from the diet. Concordantly, the liver of subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presented an increased expression of OPA1 and of the network of proteins involved in mitochondrial function when compared with controls. CONCLUSION Patients with NAFLD present increased expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion in the liver. The selective deficency of OPA1 in hepatocytes protects mice from HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction by reducing BAs secretion and dietary lipids absorption as a consequence of reduced liver mitochondria-peroxisome-ER tethering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Da Dalt
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Moregola
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fantini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Ronzio
- Dipartiment of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano,Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Uboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Dolfini
- Dipartiment of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano,Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Donetti
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Baragetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Via Massimo Gorki 50, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
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14
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Pan Y, Zhu L, Tan J, Lou D, Wang B. Engineering the cofactor binding site of 7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for improvement of catalytic activity, thermostability, and alteration of substrate preference. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128847. [PMID: 38123031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are crucial for bile acid metabolism and influence the size of the bile acid pool and gut microbiota composition. HSDHs with high activity, thermostability, and substrate selectivity are the basis for constructing engineered bacteria for disease treatment. In this study, we designed mutations at the cofactor binding site involving Thr15 and Arg16 residues of HSDH St-2-2. The T15A, R16A, and R16Q mutants exhibited 7.85-, 2.50-, and 4.35-fold higher catalytic activity than the wild type, respectively, while also displaying an altered substrate preference (from taurocholic acid (TCA) to taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA)). These mutants showed lower Km and higher kcat values, indicating stronger binding to the substrate and resulting in 3190-, 3123-, and 3093-fold higher kcat/Km values for TCDCA oxidation. Furthermore, the Tm values of the T15A, R16A, and R16Q mutants were found to increase by 4.3 °C, 6.0 °C, and 7.0 °C, respectively. Molecular structure analysis indicated that reshaped internal hydrogens and surface mutations could improve catalytic activity and thermostability, and altered interactions among the catalytic triad, cofactor binding sites, and substrates could change substrate preference. This work provides valuable insights into modifying substrate preference as well as enhancing the catalytic activity and thermostability of HSDHs by targeting the cofactor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Deshuai Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
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15
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Andrews SG, Koehle AM, Paudel D, Neuberger T, Ross AC, Singh V, Bottiglieri T, Castro R. Diet-Induced Severe Hyperhomocysteinemia Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression and Dysregulates the Plasma Metabolome in Apolipoprotein-E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:330. [PMID: 38337615 PMCID: PMC10856797 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the US. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), or the accumulation of the intermediate amino acid homocysteine, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but the intricate biological processes mediating this effect remain elusive. Several factors regulate homocysteine levels, including the activity of several enzymes and adequate levels of their coenzymes, including pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6), folate (vitamin B9), and methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). To better understand the biological influence of HHcy on the development and progression of atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein-E-deficient (apoE-/- mice), a model for human atherosclerosis, were fed a hyperhomocysteinemic diet (low in methyl donors and B vitamins) (HHD) or a control diet (CD). After eight weeks, the plasma, aorta, and liver were collected to quantify methylation metabolites, while plasma was also used for a broad targeted metabolomic analysis. Aortic plaque burden in the brachiocephalic artery (BCA) was quantified via 14T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A severe accumulation of plasma and hepatic homocysteine and an increased BCA plaque burden were observed, thus confirming the atherogenic effect of the HHD. Moreover, a decreased methylation capacity in the plasma and aorta, indirectly assessed by the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM:SAH) was detected in HHD mice together with a 172-fold increase in aortic cystathionine levels, indicating increased flux through the transsulfuration pathway. Betaine and its metabolic precursor, choline, were significantly decreased in the livers of HHD mice versus CD mice. Widespread changes in the plasma metabolome of HHD mice versus CD animals were detected, including alterations in acylcarnitines, amino acids, bile acids, ceramides, sphingomyelins, triacylglycerol levels, and several indicators of dysfunctional lipid metabolism. This study confirms the relevance of severe HHcy in the progression of vascular plaque and suggests novel metabolic pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Andrews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Anthony M. Koehle
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Devendra Paudel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA;
| | - Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (S.G.A.); (A.M.K.); (D.P.); (A.C.R.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Gillard J, Leclercq I. Importance of the gut microbiota in mice with a 'humanized' bile acid pool. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:61-64. [PMID: 38197177 PMCID: PMC10781647 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids are signaling mediators, enabling intricate communication between tissues and the gut microbiota, and are involved in the pathophysiology of several immune and metabolic disorders. In this commentary, we discuss the importance of the gut microbiota in the Cyp2c70 knock-out mice, which are considered as a promising 'humanized' experimental resource for studying bile acids and their role in pathological conditions. We also discuss how Cyp2c70-deficient mice contribute to enhancing the translatability of preclinical studies in murine models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Gillard
- Laboratory of Hepato‐Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato‐Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Pan Y, Zhang H, Li M, He T, Guo S, Zhu L, Tan J, Wang B. Novel approaches in IBD therapy: targeting the gut microbiota-bile acid axis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356284. [PMID: 38769683 PMCID: PMC11110704 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Disturbed gut microbiota and abnormal bile acid (BA) metabolism are notable in IBD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Specifically, the diversity of the gut microbiota influences BA composition, whereas altered BA profiles can disrupt the microbiota. IBD patients often exhibit increased primary bile acid and reduced secondary bile acid concentrations due to a diminished bacteria population essential for BA metabolism. This imbalance activates BA receptors, undermining intestinal integrity and immune function. Consequently, targeting the microbiota-BA axis may rectify these disturbances, offering symptomatic relief in IBD. Here, the interplay between gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs) is reviewed, with a particular focus on the role of gut microbiota in mediating bile acid biotransformation, and contributions of the gut microbiota-BA axis to IBD pathology to unveil potential novel therapeutic avenues for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tingjing He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sihao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
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18
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Liu X, Li J, Shi M, Fu J, Wang Y, Kang W, Liu J, Zhu F, Huang K, Chen X, Liu Y. Melatonin improves cholestatic liver disease via the gut-liver axis. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12929. [PMID: 38047407 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease is characterized by disturbances in the intestinal microbiota and excessive accumulation of toxic bile acids (BA) in the liver. Melatonin (MT) can improve liver diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of MT on hepatic BA synthesis, liver injury, and fibrosis in 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-fed and Mdr2-/- mice. MT significantly improved hepatic injury and fibrosis with a significant decrease in hepatic BA accumulation in DDC-fed and Mdr2-/- mice. MT reprogramed gut microbiota and augmented fecal bile salt hydrolase activity, which was related to increasing intestinal BA deconjugation and fecal BA excretion in both DDC-fed and Mdr2-/- mice. MT significantly activated the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF-15) axis and subsequently inhibited hepatic BA synthesis in DDC-fed and Mdr2-/- mice. MT failed to improve DDC-induced liver fibrosis and BA synthesis in antibiotic-treated mice. Furthermore, MT provided protection against DDC-induced liver injury and fibrosis in fecal microbiota transplantation mice. MT did not decrease liver injury and fibrosis in DDC-fed intestinal epithelial cell-specific FXR knockout mice, suggesting that the intestinal FXR mediated the anti-fibrosis effect of MT. In conclusion, MT ameliorates cholestatic liver diseases by remodeling gut microbiota and activating intestinal FXR/FGF-15 axis-mediated inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis and promotion of BA excretion in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengdie Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenxia Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- MOE Joint International Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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19
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Miyazaki T. Identification of a novel enzyme and the regulation of key enzymes in mammalian taurine synthesis. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:9-17. [PMID: 38081683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine has many pharmacological roles on various tissues. The maintenance of abundant taurine content in the mammalian body through endogenous synthesis, in addition to exogenous intake, is the essential factor for morphological and functional maintenances in most tissues. The synthesis of taurine from sulfur-containing amino acids is influenced by various factors. Previous literature findings indicate the influence of the intake of proteins and sulfur-containing amino acids on the activity of the rate-limiting enzymes cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase. In addition, the regulation of the activity and expression of taurine-synthesis enzymes by hormones, bile acids, and inflammatory cytokines through nuclear receptors have been reported in liver and reproductive tissues. Furthermore, flavin-containing monooxygenase subtype 1 was recently identified as the taurine-synthesis enzyme that converts hypotaurine to taurine. This review introduces the novel taurine synthesis enzyme and the nuclear receptor-associated regulation of key enzymes in taurine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
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20
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Verkade E, Shen W, Hovingh M, Mulder N, de Bruyn K, Koehorst M, de Vries H, Bloks V, Kuipers F, de Boer J. Gut microbiota depletion aggravates bile acid-induced liver pathology in mice with a human-like bile acid composition. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1637-1650. [PMID: 37910096 PMCID: PMC10643054 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyp2c70-deficient mice have a human-like bile acid (BA) composition due to their inability to convert chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) into rodent-specific muricholic acids (MCAs). However, the hydrophobic BA composition in these animals is associated with liver pathology. Although Cyp2c70-ablation has been shown to alter gut microbiome composition, the impact of gut bacteria on liver pathology in Cyp2c70-/- mice remains to be established. Therefore, we treated young-adult male and female wild-type (WT) and Cyp2c70-/- mice with antibiotics (AB) with broad specificity to deplete the gut microbiota and assessed the consequences on BA metabolism and liver pathology. Female Cyp2c70-/- mice did not tolerate AB treatment, necessitating premature termination of the experiment. Male Cyp2c70-/- mice did tolerate AB but showed markedly augmented liver pathology after 6 weeks of treatment. Dramatic downregulation of hepatic Cyp8b1 expression (-99%) caused a reduction in the proportions of 12α-hydroxylated BAs in the circulating BA pools of AB-treated male Cyp2c70-/- mice. Interestingly, the resulting increased BA hydrophobicity strongly correlated with various indicators of liver pathology. Moreover, genetic inactivation of Cyp8b1 in livers of male Cyp2c70-/- mice increased liver pathology, while addition of ursodeoxycholic acid to the diet prevented weight loss and liver pathology in AB-treated female Cyp2c70-/- mice. In conclusion, depletion of gut microbiota in Cyp2c70-/- mice aggravates liver pathology at least in part by increasing the hydrophobicity of the circulating BA pool. These findings highlight that the potential implications of AB administration to cholestatic patients should be evaluated in a systematic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenqiang Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milaine V. Hovingh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels L. Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Krisztina de Bruyn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde D. de Vries
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Zhang X, Zhao F, Ma T, Zheng Y, Cao J, Li C, Zhu K. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomics reveals mechanisms for Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP)-regulated serum metabolic changes in diabetic rats. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100741. [PMID: 37780338 PMCID: PMC10534105 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to use metabolomic methods to explore how Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) improved metabolism disorders in the liver of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with spontaneous type 2 diabetes. The results showed that HLP effectively improved the metabolic disorder. Based on KEGG functional analysis, five key biomarkers associated with bile acid metabolism were detected and screened (P < 0.05). The results of serum total bile acid levels and liver damage in diabetic rats further showed the regulatory effects of HLP on bile acid metabolism. The results of bile acid-related gene expression in the liver showed that HLP inhibited liver farnesoid X Receptor - small heterodimer partner (FXR-SHP) signalling and increased the expression of bile acid synthesis genes (P < 0.05). Our results explored the underlying mechanisms by which HLP accelerated cholesterol consumption to anti-hypercholesterolemia and anti-diabetic by inhibiting liver FXR-SHP signaling. HLP's effect on bile acid regulation provides insights into treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanping Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kexue Zhu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning 571533, China
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22
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Kister B, Viehof A, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schwentker A, Treichel NS, Jennings SA, Wirtz TH, Blank LM, Hornef MW, von Bergen M, Clavel T, Kuepfer L. A physiologically based model of bile acid metabolism in mice. iScience 2023; 26:107922. [PMID: 37817939 PMCID: PMC10561051 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) metabolism is a complex system that includes a wide variety of primary and secondary, as well as conjugated and unconjugated BAs that undergo continuous enterohepatic circulation (EHC). Alterations in both composition and dynamics of BAs have been associated with various diseases. However, a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between altered BA metabolism and related diseases is lacking. Computational modeling may support functional analyses of the physiological processes involved in the EHC of BAs along the gut-liver axis. In this study, we developed a physiologically based model of murine BA metabolism describing synthesis, hepatic and microbial transformations, systemic distribution, excretion, and EHC of BAs at the whole-body level. For model development, BA metabolism of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice was characterized in vivo by measuring BA levels and composition in various organs, expression of transporters along the gut, and cecal microbiota composition. We found significantly different BA levels between male and female mice that could only be explained by adjusted expression of the hepatic enzymes and transporters in the model. Of note, this finding was in agreement with experimental observations. The model for SPF mice could also describe equivalent experimental data in germ-free mice by specifically switching off microbial activity in the intestine. The here presented model can therefore facilitate and guide functional analyses of BA metabolism in mice, e.g., the effect of pathophysiological alterations on BA metabolism and translation of results from mouse studies to a clinically relevant context through cross-species extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Kister
- Institute for Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alina Viehof
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Schwentker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Simone Treichel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susan A.V. Jennings
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology - iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology - ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Kuepfer
- Institute for Systems Medicine with Focus on Organ Interaction, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Bhattacharya A, Taylor RE, Guo GL. In vivo mouse models to study bile acid synthesis and signaling. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2023; 22:466-473. [PMID: 37620226 PMCID: PMC10790561 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of bile acids (BAs) is carried out by complex pathways characterized by sequential chemical reactions in the liver through various cytochromes P450 (CYP) and other enzymes. Maintaining the integrity of these pathways is crucial for normal physiological function in mammals, encompassing hepatic and neurological processes. Studying on the deficiencies in BA synthesis genes offers valuable insights into the significance of BAs in modulating farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling and metabolic homeostasis. By creating mouse knockout (KO) models, researchers can manipulate deficiencies in genes involved in BA synthesis, which can be used to study human diseases with BA dysregulation. These KO mouse models allow for a more profound understanding of the functions and regulations of genes responsible for BA synthesis. Furthermore, KO mouse models shed light on the distinct characteristics of individual BA and their roles in nuclear receptor signaling. Notably, alterations of BA synthesis genes in mouse models have distinct differences when compared to human diseases caused by the same BA synthesis gene deficiencies. This review summarizes several mouse KO models used to study BA synthesis and related human diseases, including mice deficient in Cyp7a1, Cyp27a1, Cyp7a1/Cyp27a1, Cyp8b1, Cyp7b1, Cyp2c70, Cyp2a12, and Cyp2c70/Cyp2a12, as well as germ-free mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rulaiha E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; VA New Jersey Health Care System, Veterans Administration Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey, USA.
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24
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Mahapatra D, Maronpot R. Translational Relevance of Rodent Models to Predict Human Liver Disease. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:482-486. [PMID: 38494947 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241230543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Animals models are essential to understand the complex pathobiology of human diseases. George Box's aphorism based on statistics "All models are wrong, but some are useful" certainly applies to animal models of disease. In this session, the translational relevance of various animal models applicable to human liver disease was explored starting with a historic overview of the rodent cancer bioassay with emphasis on hepatocarcinogenesis from early work at the National Cancer Institute, refinement by the National Toxicology Program and contemporary efforts to identify potential mechanisms and their relevance to human cancer risk. Subsequently, recently elucidated understanding of the molecular drivers and signaling mechanisms of liver pathophysiology and liver cancer, including factors associated with liver regeneration, metabolic hepatocellular zonation, and the role of macrophages and their crosstalk with stellate cells in understanding human liver disease was discussed. Next, our contemporary understanding of the role of nuclear receptors in hepatic homeostasis and drug response highlighting nuclear receptor activation and crosstalk in modulating biological responses associated with liver damage and neoplastic response were discussed. Finally, an overview and translational relevance of different drug-induced liver injury (DILI) rodent model systems focused on pathology and mechanisms with commentary on current relevant Food and Drug Administration (FDA) perspective were summarized with closing remarks.
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25
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Palmiotti A, de Vries HD, Hovingh MV, Koehorst M, Mulder NL, Verkade E, Veentjer MK, van Dijk TH, Bloks VW, Havinga R, Verkade HJ, de Boer JF, Kuipers F. Bile Acid Sequestration via Colesevelam Reduces Bile Acid Hydrophobicity and Improves Liver Pathology in Cyp2c70-/- Mice with a Human-like Bile Acid Composition. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2495. [PMID: 37760936 PMCID: PMC10526181 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) and their signaling pathways have been identified as therapeutic targets for liver and metabolic diseases. We generated Cyp2c70-/- (KO) mice that were not able to convert chenodeoxycholic acid into rodent-specific muricholic acids (MCAs) and, hence, possessed a more hydrophobic, human-like BA pool. Recently, we have shown that KO mice display cholangiopathic features with the development of liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether BA sequestration modulates liver pathology in Western type-diet (WTD)-fed KO mice. The BA sequestrant colesevelam was mixed into the WTD (2% w/w) of male Cyp2c70+/+ (WT) and KO mice and the effects were evaluated after 3 weeks of treatment. Colesevelam increased fecal BA excretion in WT and KO mice and reduced the hydrophobicity of biliary BAs in KO mice. Colesevelam ameliorated diet-induced hepatic steatosis in WT mice, whereas KO mice were resistant to diet-induced steatosis and BA sequestration had no additional effects on liver fat content. Total cholesterol concentrations in livers of colesevelam-treated WT and KO mice were significantly lower than those of untreated controls. Of particular note, colesevelam treatment normalized plasma levels of liver damage markers in KO mice and markedly decreased hepatic mRNA levels of fibrogenesis-related genes in KO mice. Lastly, colesevelam did not affect glucose excursions and insulin sensitivity in WT or KO mice. Our data show that BA sequestration ameliorates liver pathology in Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like bile acid composition without affecting insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palmiotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Hilde D. de Vries
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Milaine V. Hovingh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Niels L. Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Esther Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Melany K. Veentjer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Theo H. van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Vincent W. Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (H.D.d.V.); (T.H.v.D.)
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.P.); (M.V.H.); (N.L.M.); (E.V.); (M.K.V.); (V.W.B.); (R.H.); (H.J.V.)
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Deng X, Lin B, Wang F, Xu P, Wang N. Specnuezhenide Ameliorates Age-Related Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via Modulating Bile Acid Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota in D-Galactose-Induced Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:960. [PMID: 37623903 PMCID: PMC10456809 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hepatic lipid accumulation has become a major health problem in the elderly population. Specnuezhenide (SPN) is a major active iridoid glycoside from an edible herb Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, which is commonly used for preventing age-related diseases. However, the beneficial effects of SPN on age-related liver injury remain unknown. This study aimed to reveal the effect of SPN on age-related hepatic lipid accumulation and the underlying mechanism. D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice were treated with vehicle or SPN for 12 weeks. Treatment of SPN decreased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver of D-gal-induced mice. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics showed that the SPN could regulate the bile acid (BA) synthesis pathway and restore the BA compositions in serum, livers, and feces of the D-gal-induced mice. Furthermore, SPN enhanced the protein and mRNA levels of hepatic BAs synthesis enzymes cytochrome P45027A1, cytochrome P4507A1, cytochrome P4507B1, and cytochrome P4508B1. Meanwhile, SPN alleviated D-gal-induced gut dysbiosis and reversed the proportions of microbes associated with bile salt hydrolase activity, including Lactobacillus, Ruminiclostridium, and Butyrivibrio. Our study revealed that SPN attenuated age-related hepatic lipid accumulation by improving BA profiles via modulating hepatic BA synthesis enzymes and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China; (X.D.)
| | - Bingfeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China; (B.L.)
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China; (X.D.)
| | - Pingcui Xu
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China; (B.L.)
| | - Nani Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310007, China; (X.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China; (B.L.)
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27
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Tveter KM, Mezhibovsky E, Wu Y, Roopchand DE. Bile acid metabolism and signaling: Emerging pharmacological targets of dietary polyphenols. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108457. [PMID: 37268113 PMCID: PMC10528343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their role as emulsifiers of lipophilic compounds, bile acids (BAs) are signaling endocrine molecules that show differential affinity and specificity for a variety of canonical and non-canonical BA receptors. Primary BAs (PBAs) are synthesized in the liver while secondary BAs (SBAs) are gut microbial metabolites of PBA species. PBAs and SBAs signal to BA receptors that regulate downstream pathways of inflammation and energy metabolism. Dysregulation of BA metabolism or signaling has emerged as a feature of chronic disease. Dietary polyphenols are non-nutritive plant-derived compounds associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, hepatobiliary and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that the health promoting effects of dietary polyphenols are linked to their ability to alter the gut microbial community, the BA pool, and BA signaling. In this review we provide an overview of BA metabolism and summarize studies that link the cardiometabolic improvements of dietary polyphenols to their modulation of BA metabolism and signaling pathways, and the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss approaches and challenges in deciphering cause-effect relationships between dietary polyphenols, BAs, and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tveter
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Esther Mezhibovsky
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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28
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Yin C, Zhong R, Zhang W, Liu L, Chen L, Zhang H. The Potential of Bile Acids as Biomarkers for Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12123. [PMID: 37569498 PMCID: PMC10418921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are well known to facilitate the absorption of dietary fat and fat-soluble molecules. These unique steroids also function by binding to the ubiquitous cell membranes and nuclear receptors. As chemical signals in gut-liver axis, the presence of metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and even tumors have been reported to be closely related to abnormal levels of BAs in the blood and fecal metabolites of patients. Thus, the gut microbiota interacting with BAs and altering BA metabolism are critical in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. This review intends to summarize the mechanistic links between metabolic disorders and BAs in gut-liver axis, and such stage-specific BA perturbation patterns may provide clues for developing new auxiliary diagnostic means.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Y.); (R.Z.)
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (C.Y.); (R.Z.)
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29
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Sjöland W, Wahlström A, Makki K, Schöler M, Molinaro A, Olsson L, Greiner T, Caesar R, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, Bäckhed F, Marschall HU. Absence of gut microbiota reduces neonatal survival and exacerbates liver disease in Cyp2c70-deficient mice with a human-like bile acid composition. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:995-1011. [PMID: 37384590 PMCID: PMC10346113 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Mice with deletion of Cyp2c70 have a human-like bile acid composition, display age- and sex-dependent signs of hepatobiliary disease and can be used as a model to study interactions between bile acids and the gut microbiota in cholestatic liver disease. In the present study, we rederived Cyp2c70-/- mice as germ-free (GF) and colonized them with a human or a mouse microbiota to investigate whether the presence of a microbiota can be protective in cholangiopathic liver disease associated with Cyp2c70-deficiency. GF Cyp2c70-/- mice showed reduced neonatal survival, liver fibrosis, and distinct cholangiocyte proliferation. Colonization of germ-free breeding pairs with a human or a mouse microbiota normalized neonatal survival of the offspring, and particularly colonization with mouse microbiota from a conventionally raised mouse improved the liver phenotype at 6-10 weeks of age. The improved liver phenotype in conventionalized (CD) Cyp2c70-/- mice was associated with increased levels of tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and UDCA, resulting in a more hydrophilic bile acid profile compared with GF and humanized Cyp2c70-/- mice. The hydrophobicity index of biliary bile acids of CD Cyp2c70-/- mice was associated with changes in gut microbiota, liver weight, liver transaminases, and liver fibrosis. Hence, our results indicate that neonatal survival of Cyp2c70-/- mice seems to depend on the establishment of a gut microbiota at birth, and the improved liver phenotype in CD Cyp2c70-/- mice may be mediated by a larger proportion of TUDCA/UDCA in the circulating bile acid pool and/or by the presence of specific bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Sjöland
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Wahlström
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kassem Makki
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marc Schöler
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Olsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Uwe Greiner
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Caesar
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ouyang R, Zheng S, Wang X, Li Q, Ding J, Ma X, Zhuo Z, Li Z, Xin Q, Lu X, Zhou L, Ren Z, Mei S, Liu X, Xu G. Crosstalk between Breast Milk N-Acetylneuraminic Acid and Infant Growth in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner. Metabolites 2023; 13:846. [PMID: 37512553 PMCID: PMC10385641 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy growth of infants during early life is associated with lifelong consequences. Breastfeeding has positive impacts on reducing obesity risk, which is likely due to the varied components of breast milk, such as N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). However, the effect of breast milk Neu5Ac on infant growth has not been well studied. In this study, targeted metabolomic and metagenomic analyses were performed to illustrate the association between breast milk Neu5Ac and infant growth. Results demonstrated that Neu5Ac was significantly abundant in breast milk from infants with low obesity risk in two independent Chinese cohorts. Neu5Ac from breast milk altered infant gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism, resulting in a distinct fecal bile acid profile in the high-Neu5Ac group, which was characterized by reduced levels of primary bile acids and elevated levels of secondary bile acids. Taurodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate and taurochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate were correlated with high breast milk Neu5Ac and low obesity risk in infants, and their associations with healthy growth were reproduced in mice colonized with infant-derived microbiota. Parabacteroides might be linked to bile acid metabolism and act as a mediator between Neu5Ac and infant growth. These results showed the gut microbiota-dependent crosstalk between breast milk Neu5Ac and infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Sijia Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Quality Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhihong Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, China
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31
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Miyazaki T, Ueda H, Ikegami T, Honda A. Upregulation of Taurine Biosynthesis and Bile Acid Conjugation with Taurine through FXR in a Mouse Model with Human-like Bile Acid Composition. Metabolites 2023; 13:824. [PMID: 37512531 PMCID: PMC10385265 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, the end product in the sulfur-containing amino acid pathway, is conjugated with bile acids (BAs) in the liver. The rate-limiting enzymes in both taurine synthesis and BA conjugation may be regulated by a nucleus receptor, FXR, that promotes BA homeostasis. However, it is controversial because BAs act as natural FXR agonists or antagonists in humans and mice, respectively, due to the species differences in BA synthesis. The present study evaluated the influences of different BA compositions on both pathways in the liver by comparing Cyp2a12-/-/Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like BA composition (DKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The DKO liver contains abundant natural FXR agonistic BAs, and the taurine-conjugated BA proportion and the taurine concentration were significantly increased, while the total BA concentration was significantly decreased compared to those in the WT liver with natural FXR antagonistic BAs. The mRNA expression levels of the enzymes Bacs and Baat in BA aminations and Cdo and Fmo1 in the taurine synthesis, as well as Fxr and its target gene, Shp, were significantly higher in the DKO liver than in the WT liver. The present study, using a model with a human-like BA composition in the liver, confirmed, for the first time in mice, that both the taurine synthesis and BA amidation pathways are upregulated by FXR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami 300-0395, Ibaraki, Japan
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32
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Liu F, Li R, Zhong Y, Liu X, Deng W, Huang X, Price M, Li J. Age-related alterations in metabolome and microbiome provide insights in dietary transition in giant pandas. mSystems 2023; 8:e0025223. [PMID: 37273228 PMCID: PMC10308887 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00252-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted UPLC-MS-based metabolomics, 16S rRNA, and metagenome sequencing on the fecal samples of 44 captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) from four age groups (i.e., Cub, Young, Adult, and Old) to comprehensively understand age-related changes in the metabolism and gut microbiota of giant pandas. We characterized the metabolite profiles of giant pandas based on 1,376 identified metabolites, with 152 significantly differential metabolites (SDMs) found across the age groups. We found that the metabolites and the composition/function of the gut microbiota changed in response to the transition from a milk-dominant diet in panda cubs to a bamboo-specific diet in young and adult pandas. Lipid metabolites such as choline and hippuric acid were enriched in the Cub group, and many plant secondary metabolites were significantly higher in the Young and Adult groups, while oxidative stress and inflammatory related metabolites were only found in the Old group. However, there was a decrease in the α-diversity of gut microbiota in adult and old pandas, who exclusively consume bamboo. The abundance of bacteria related to the digestion of cellulose-rich food, such as Firmicutes, Streptococcus, and Clostridium, significantly increased from the Cub to the Adult group, while the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Sarcina, and Blautia significantly decreased. Notably, several potential pathogenic bacteria had relatively high abundances, especially in the Young group. Metagenomic analysis identified 277 CAZyme genes including cellulose degrading genes, and seven of the CAZymes had abundances that significantly differed between age groups. We also identified 237 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) whose number and diversity increased with age. We also found a significant positive correlation between the abundance of bile acids and gut bacteria, especially Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Our results from metabolome, 16S rRNA, and metagenome data highlight the important role of the gut microbiota-bile acid axis in the regulation of age-related metabolism and provide new insights into the lipid metabolism of giant pandas. IMPORTANCE The giant panda is a member of the order Carnivora but is entirely herbivorous. The giant panda's specialized diet and related metabolic mechanisms have not been fully understood. It is therefore crucial to investigate the dynamic changes in metabolites as giant pandas grow and physiologically adapt to their herbivorous diet. This study conducted UPLC-MS-based metabolomics 16S rRNA, and metagenome sequencing on the fecal samples of captive giant pandas from four age groups. We found that metabolites and the composition/function of gut microbiota changed in response to the transition from a milk-dominant diet in cubs to a bamboo-specific diet in young and adult pandas. The metabolome, 16S rRNA, and metagenome results highlight that the gut microbiota-bile acid axis has an important role in the regulation of age-related metabolism, and our study provides new insights into the lipid metabolism of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rengui Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- China Wildlife Conservation Association, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
| | - Megan Price
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kakiyama G, Rodriguez-Agudo D, Pandak WM. Mitochondrial Cholesterol Metabolites in a Bile Acid Synthetic Pathway Drive Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Revised "Two-Hit" Hypothesis. Cells 2023; 12:1434. [PMID: 37408268 PMCID: PMC10217489 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related cirrhosis highlights the need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for driving the transition of hepatic steatosis (fatty liver; NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis/cirrhosis. Obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) is a well-known hallmark of early NAFLD progression, yet the mechanism linking aberrant insulin signaling to hepatocyte inflammation has remained unclear. Recently, as a function of more distinctly defining the regulation of mechanistic pathways, hepatocyte toxicity as mediated by hepatic free cholesterol and its metabolites has emerged as fundamental to the subsequent necroinflammation/fibrosis characteristics of NASH. More specifically, aberrant hepatocyte insulin signaling, as found with IR, leads to dysregulation in bile acid biosynthetic pathways with the subsequent intracellular accumulation of mitochondrial CYP27A1-derived cholesterol metabolites, (25R)26-hydroxycholesterol and 3β-Hydroxy-5-cholesten-(25R)26-oic acid, which appear to be responsible for driving hepatocyte toxicity. These findings bring forth a "two-hit" interpretation as to how NAFL progresses to NAFLD: abnormal hepatocyte insulin signaling, as occurs with IR, develops as a "first hit" that sequentially drives the accumulation of toxic CYP27A1-driven cholesterol metabolites as the "second hit". In the following review, we examine the mechanistic pathway by which mitochondria-derived cholesterol metabolites drive the development of NASH. Insights into mechanistic approaches for effective NASH intervention are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.R.-A.); (W.M.P.)
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.R.-A.); (W.M.P.)
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - William M. Pandak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (D.R.-A.); (W.M.P.)
- Research Services, Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
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Hasan MN, Chen J, Wang H, Du Y, Clayton YD, Gu L, Li T. Glycine-β-Muricholic Acid Improves Liver Fibrosis and Gut Barrier Function by Reducing Bile Acid Pool Size and Hydrophobicity in Male Cyp2c70 Knockout Mice. Cells 2023; 12:1371. [PMID: 37408204 PMCID: PMC10216635 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyp2c70 knockout mice lack the enzyme that produces muricholic acids and show a "human-like" hydrophobic bile acid pool-induced hepatobiliary injury. In this study, we investigated the potential anti-cholestasis effect of glycine-conjugated β muricholic acid (G-β-MCA) in male Cyp2c70 KO mice based on its hydrophilic physiochemical property and signaling property as an farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist. Our results showed that G-β-MCA treatment for 5 weeks alleviated ductular reaction and liver fibrosis and improved gut barrier function. Analysis of bile acid metabolism suggested that exogenously administered G-β-MCA was poorly absorbed in the small intestine and mostly deconjugated in the large intestine and converted to taurine-conjugated MCA (T-MCA) in the liver, leading to T-MCA enrichment in the bile and small intestine. These changes decreased the biliary and intestine bile acid hydrophobicity index. Furthermore, G-β-MCA treatment decreased intestine bile acid absorption via unknown mechanisms, resulting in increased fecal bile acid excretion and a reduction in total bile acid pool size. In conclusion, G-β-MCA treatment reduces the bile acid pool size and hydrophobicity and improves liver fibrosis and gut barrier function in Cyp2c70 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Ojiro R, Okano H, Ozawa S, Yamagata H, Zou X, Tang Q, Jin M, Sasaki K, Yoshida T, Yoshinari T, Shibutani M. Pharmacokinetics and 28-day repeated-dose toxicity of enniatin B after oral administration in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113814. [PMID: 37179047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Enniatins are emerging mycotoxins that contaminate foods. The present study investigated the oral pharmacokinetics and 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity of enniatin B (ENNB) in CD1 (ICR) mice. In the pharmacokinetic study, male mice received a single oral or intravenous dose of ENNB [30 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 1 mg/kg BW, respectively]. After oral dosing, ENNB exhibited 139.9% bioavailability, a 5.1-hr elimination half-life, 5.26% fecal excretion from 4 to 24 h post-dose, and upregulation of Cyp7a1, Cyp2a12, Cyp2b10, and Cyp26a1 in the liver 2 h post-dosing. In the 28-day toxicity study, ENNB was administered to male and female mice by oral gavage at 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg BW/day. Females (7.5 and 30 mg/kg) showed dose-unrelated decreased food consumption without accompanying changes in clinical parameters. Males (30 mg/kg) showed low red blood cell counts and high blood urea nitrogen levels and absolute kidney weights; however, other related parameters including the histopathology of systemic organs/tissues were unchanged. These results suggest that ENNB may not induce toxicity after 28 days of oral administration in mice, despite high absorption. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of ENNB after 28 days of repeated oral doses was 30 mg/kg BW/day for both sexes of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamagata
- Toxicology Division, Gotemba Laboratory, BoZo Research Center Inc., 1284 Kamado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka, 412-0039, Japan.
| | - Xinyu Zou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide a concise update on recent advances in understanding of the bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and diseases. RECENT FINDINGS CYP2C70 has been identified as the murine cytochrome p450 enzyme that mediates the synthesis of muricholic acids to account for the major different bile acid composition between human and mice. Several studies have linked nutrient sensing bile acid signaling to the regulation of hepatic autophagy-lysosome activity, an integral pathway of the cellular adaptive response to starvation. Distinct bile acid-mediated signaling mechanisms have been shown to contribute to the complex metabolic changes post bariatric surgery, suggesting that pharmacological manipulation of the enterohepatic bile acid signaling could be a potential nonsurgical alternative to weight loss surgery. SUMMARY Basic and clinical studies have continued to discover novel roles of the enterohepatic bile acid signaling in regulation of key metabolic pathways. Such knowledge forms the molecular basis needed for developing safe and effective bile acid-based therapeutics for treating metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Li
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
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Mo P, Chen H, Jiang X, Hu F, Zhang F, Shan G, Chen W, Li S, Xu G. Effect of hepatic NPC1L1 on cholesterol gallstone disease and its mechanism. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15757. [PMID: 37159680 PMCID: PMC10163659 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD) is associated with bile cholesterol supersaturation. The Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), the inhibitory target of ezetimibe (EZE), is a critical sterol transporter of cholesterol absorption. Intestinal NPC1L1 facilitates the absorption of cholesterol, whereas hepatic NPC1L1 promotes cholesterol uptake by hepatocytes and reduces bile cholesterol supersaturation. The potential of hepatic NPC1L1 to prevent CGD has yet to be established due to its absence in the mice model. In this study, we generated mice expressing hepatic NPC1L1 using adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery. The biliary cholesterol saturations and gallstone formations were explored under chow diet and lithogenic diet (LD) with or without EZE treatment. The long-term (8-week) LD-fed AAV-mNPC1L1 mice exhibited no significant differences in biliary cholesterol saturation and gallstone formation compared to WT mice. EZE effectively prevented CGD in both WT and AAV-mNPC1L1 mice. Mechanistically, prolonged LD feeding induced the degradation of hepatic NPC1L1, whereas short-term (2-week) LD feeding preserved the expression of hepatic NPC1L1. In conclusion, our findings suggest that hepatic NPC1L1 is unable to prevent CGD, whereas EZE functions as an efficient bile cholesterol desaturator during CGD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoqiang Xu
- Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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38
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Zeng J, Fan J, Zhou H. Bile acid-mediated signaling in cholestatic liver diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:77. [PMID: 37120573 PMCID: PMC10149012 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are associated with bile stasis and gradually progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure, which requires liver transplantation. Although ursodeoxycholic acid is effective in slowing the disease progression of PBC, it has limited efficacy in PSC patients. It is challenging to develop effective therapeutic agents due to the limited understanding of disease pathogenesis. During the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated that disruption of bile acid (BA) metabolism and intrahepatic circulation promotes the progression of cholestatic liver diseases. BAs not only play an essential role in nutrition absorption as detergents but also play an important role in regulating hepatic metabolism and modulating immune responses as key signaling molecules. Several excellent papers have recently reviewed the role of BAs in metabolic liver diseases. This review focuses on BA-mediated signaling in cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and Richmond VA Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia and Richmond VA Medical Center, Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1220 East Broad Street, MMRB-5044, Richmond, VA, 23298-0678, USA.
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39
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Yntema T, Koonen DPY, Kuipers F. Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081850. [PMID: 37111068 PMCID: PMC10141989 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preventive measures and treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death globally. Recent research has challenged the traditional risk factor profile and highlights the potential contribution of non-traditional factors in CVD, such as the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been repeatedly associated with CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Mechanistic studies support a causal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in disease development, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and bile acids, with the latter being elaborately discussed in this review. Bile acids represent a class of cholesterol derivatives that is essential for intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, plays an important role in cholesterol turnover and, as more recently discovered, acts as a group of signaling molecules that exerts hormonal functions throughout the body. Studies have shown mediating roles of bile acids in the control of lipid metabolism, immunity, and heart function. Consequently, a picture has emerged of bile acids acting as integrators and modulators of cardiometabolic pathways, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in CVD. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism found in CVD patients, describe the molecular mechanisms through which bile acids may modulate CVD risk, and discuss potential bile-acid-based treatment strategies in relation to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Yntema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Yamashita M, Honda A, Shimoyama S, Umemura M, Ohta K, Chida T, Noritake H, Kurono N, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Tsuneyama K, Miyazaki T, Tanaka A, Leung PS, Gershwin ME, Suda T, Kawata K. Breach of tolerance versus burden of bile acids: Resolving the conundrum in the immunopathogenesis and natural history of primary biliary cholangitis. J Autoimmun 2023; 136:103027. [PMID: 36996700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a classic autoimmune disease due to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens. Bile acids (BA) reportedly play a major role in biliary inflammation and/or in the modulation of dysregulated immune responses in PBC. Several murine models have indicated that molecular mimicry plays a role in autoimmune cholangitis; however, they have all been limited by the relative failure to develop hepatic fibrosis. We hypothesized that species-specific differences in the BA composition between mice and humans were the primary reason for this limited pathology. Here, we aimed to study the impact of human-like hydrophobic BA composition on the development of autoimmune cholangitis and hepatic fibrosis. We took advantage of a unique construct, Cyp2c70/Cyp2a12 double knockout (DKO) mice, which have human-like BA composition, and immunized them with a well-defined mimic of the major mitochondrial autoantigen of PBC, namely 2-octynoic acid (2OA). 2OA-treated DKO mice were significantly exacerbated portal inflammation and bile duct damage with increased Th1 cytokines/chemokines at 8 weeks post-initial immunization. Most importantly, there was clear progression of hepatic fibrosis and increased expression of hepatic fibrosis-related genes. Interestingly, these mice demonstrated increased serum BA concentrations and decreased biliary BA concentrations; hepatic BA levels did not increase because of the upregulation of transporters responsible for the basolateral efflux of BA. Furthermore, cholangitis and hepatic fibrosis were more advanced at 24 weeks post-initial immunization. These results indicate that both the loss of tolerance and the effect of hydrophobic BA are essential for the progression of PBC.
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41
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Collins SL, Stine JG, Bisanz JE, Okafor CD, Patterson AD. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:236-247. [PMID: 36253479 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of bile acid research, diverse biological roles for bile acids have been discovered recently due to developments in understanding the human microbiota. As additional bacterial enzymes are characterized, and the tools used for identifying new bile acids become increasingly more sensitive, the repertoire of bile acids metabolized and/or synthesized by bacteria continues to grow. Additionally, bile acids impact microbiome community structure and function. In this Review, we highlight how the bile acid pool is manipulated by the gut microbiota, how it is dependent on the metabolic capacity of the bacterial community and how external factors, such as antibiotics and diet, shape bile acid composition. It is increasingly important to understand how bile acid signalling networks are affected in distinct organs where the bile acid composition differs, and how these networks impact infectious, metabolic and neoplastic diseases. These advances have enabled the development of therapeutics that target imbalances in microbiota-associated bile acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Health Liver Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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42
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Takimoto Y, Chu PS, Nakamoto N, Hagihara Y, Mikami Y, Miyamoto K, Morikawa R, Teratani T, Taniki N, Fujimori S, Suzuki T, Koda Y, Ishihara R, Ichikawa M, Honda A, Kanai T. Myeloid TLR4 signaling promotes post-injury withdrawal resolution of murine liver fibrosis. iScience 2023; 26:106220. [PMID: 36876136 PMCID: PMC9982274 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of resolution of liver fibrosis after withdrawal of liver injury is still incompletely elucidated. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in tissue fibroblasts is pro-fibrogenic. After withdrawal of liver injury, we unexpectedly observed a significant delay of fibrosis resolution as TLR4 signaling was pharmacologically inhibited in vivo in two murine models. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of hepatic CD11b+ cells, main producers of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), revealed a prominent cluster of restorative Tlr4-expressing Ly6c2-low myeloid cells. Delayed resolution after gut sterilization suggested its microbiome-dependent nature. Enrichment of a metabolic pathway linking to a significant increase of bile salt hydrolase-possessing family Erysipelotrichaceae during resolution. Farnesoid X receptor-stimulating secondary bile acids including 7-oxo-lithocholic acids upregulated MMP12 and TLR4 in myeloid cells in vitro. Fecal material transplant in germ-free mice confirmed phenotypical correlations in vivo. These findings highlight a pro-fibrolytic role of myeloid TLR4 signaling after injury withdrawal and may provide targets for anti-fibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Takimoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Po-Sung Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Hagihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Rei Morikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sota Fujimori
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Research Unit/Immunology and Inflammation, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0016, Japan
| | - Yuzo Koda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Research Unit/Immunology and Inflammation, Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-0033, Japan
| | - Rino Ishihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Ichikawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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43
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Sun L, Zhang Y, Cai J, Rimal B, Rocha ER, Coleman JP, Zhang C, Nichols RG, Luo Y, Kim B, Chen Y, Krausz KW, Harris CC, Patterson AD, Zhang Z, Takahashi S, Gonzalez FJ. Bile salt hydrolase in non-enterotoxigenic Bacteroides potentiates colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:755. [PMID: 36765047 PMCID: PMC9918522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in Bacteroides is considered a potential drug target for obesity-related metabolic diseases, but its involvement in colon tumorigenesis has not been explored. BSH-expressing Bacteroides is found at high abundance in the stools of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with overweight and in the feces of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced CRC mouse model. Colonization of B. fragilis 638R, a strain with low BSH activity, overexpressing a recombinant bsh gene from B. fragilis NCTC9343 strain, results in increased unconjugated bile acids in the colon and accelerated progression of CRC under HFD treatment. In the presence of high BSH activity, the resultant elevation of unconjugated deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid activates the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, resulting in increased β-catenin-regulated chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28) expression in colon tumors. Activation of the β-catenin/CCL28 axis leads to elevated intra-tumoral immunosuppressive CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells. Blockade of the β-catenin/CCL28 axis releases the immunosuppression to enhance the intra-tumoral anti-tumor response, which decreases CRC progression under HFD treatment. Pharmacological inhibition of BSH reduces HFD-accelerated CRC progression, coincident with suppression of the β-catenin/CCL28 pathway. These findings provide insights into the pro-carcinogenetic role of Bacteroides in obesity-related CRC progression and characterize BSH as a potential target for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Edson R Rocha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - James P Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert G Nichols
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Bora Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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44
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Hasan MN, Chen J, Matye D, Wang H, Luo W, Gu L, Clayton YD, Du Y, Li T. Combining ASBT inhibitor and FGF15 treatments enhances therapeutic efficacy against cholangiopathy in female but not male Cyp2c70 KO mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100340. [PMID: 36737039 PMCID: PMC9986646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic reduction of hydrophobic bile acids exposure is considered beneficial in cholestasis. The Cyp2c70 KO mice lack hydrophilic muricholic acids and have a human-like hydrophobic bile acid pool resulting in hepatobiliary injury. This study investigates if combining an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672 (GSK) and fibroblast growth factor-15 (FGF15) overexpression, via simultaneous inhibition of bile acid synthesis and gut bile acid uptake, achieves enhanced therapeutic efficacy in alleviating hepatobiliary injury in Cyp2c70 KO mice. The effects of GSK, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-FGF15, and the combined treatment on bile acid metabolism and cholangiopathy were compared in Cyp2c70 KO mice. In female Cyp2c70 KO mice with more severe cholangiopathy than male Cyp2c70 KO mice, the combined treatment was more effective in reversing portal inflammation, ductular reaction, and fibrosis than AAV-FGF15, while GSK was largely ineffective. The combined treatment reduced bile acid pool by ∼80% compared to ∼50% reduction by GSK or AAV-FGF15, and enriched tauro-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid in the bile. Interestingly, the male Cyp2c70 KO mice treated with AAV-FGF15 or GSK showed attenuated cholangiopathy and portal fibrosis but the combined treatment was ineffective despite reducing bile acid pool. Both male and female Cyp2c70 KO mice showed impaired gut barrier integrity. AAV-FGF15 and the combined treatment, but not GSK, reduced gut exposure to lithocholic acid and improved gut barrier function. In conclusion, the combined treatment improved therapeutic efficacy against cholangiopathy than either single treatment in the female but not male Cyp2c70 KO mice by reducing bile acid pool size and hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazmul Hasan
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David Matye
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Huaiwen Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Cytometry Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yung Dai Clayton
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Gillard J, Leclercq IA. Biological tuners to reshape the bile acid pool for therapeutic purposes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:65-85. [PMID: 36601783 PMCID: PMC9816373 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids synthesized within the hepatocytes are transformed by gut microorganisms and reabsorbed into the portal circulation. During their enterohepatic cycling, bile acids act as signaling molecules by interacting with receptors to regulate pathways involved in many physiological processes. The bile acid pool, composed of a variety of bile acid species, has been shown to be altered in diseases, hence contributing to disease pathogenesis. Thus, understanding the changes in bile acid pool size and composition in pathological processes will help to elaborate effective pharmacological treatments. Five crucial steps along the enterohepatic cycle shape the bile acid pool size and composition, offering five possible targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we provide an insight on the strategies to modulate the bile acid pool, and then we discuss the potential benefits in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Gillard
- Laboratory of Hepato‐Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato‐Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhou P, Yan H, Zhang Y, Qi R, Zhang H, Liu J. Growth performance, bile acid profile, fecal microbiome and serum metabolomics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets with bile acids supplementation. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad393. [PMID: 38006392 PMCID: PMC10721440 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of bile acids (BAs) supplementation on growth performance, BAs profile, fecal microbiome, and serum metabolomics in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 60 pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with an average body weight of 27.0 ± 1.5 kg were selected and allotted into one of 2 groups (castrated male to female ratio = 1:1), with 10 replicates per treatment and 3 pigs per replicate. The 2 treatments were the control group (control) and a porcine bile extract-supplemented group dosed at 0.5 g/kg feed (BA). After a 16-wk treatment, growth performance, BAs profiles in serum and feces, and fecal microbial composition were determined. An untargeted metabolomics approach using gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer was conducted to identify the metabolic pathways and associated metabolites in the serum of pigs. We found that BAs supplementation had no effect on the growth performance of the growing-finishing pig. However, it tended to increase the gain-to-feed ratio for the whole period (P = 0.07). BAs supplementation resulted in elevated serum concentrations of secondary bile acids, including hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and tauro-hyodeoxycholic acid, as well as fecal concentration of HDCA (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiota analysis revealed no differences in alpha and beta diversity indices or the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at both phylum and genus levels between groups. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites between control and BA groups are mainly involved in purine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, as well as primary bile acid biosynthesis. Our findings indicate that BAs supplementation tended to improve the feed efficiency, and significantly altered the BA profile in the serum and feces of growing-finished pigs, regardless of any changes in the gut microbial composition. The altered metabolic pathways could potentially play a vital role in improving the feed efficiency of growing-finished pigs with BAs supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Honglin Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
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Bing H, Li YL. The role of bile acid metabolism in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1089359. [PMID: 36589245 PMCID: PMC9798289 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1089359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the important causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer, resulting in a huge medical burden worldwide. Currently, effective non-invasive diagnostic indicators and drugs for NAFLD are still lacking. With the development of metabolomics technology, the changes in metabolites during the development of NAFLD have been gradually revealed. Bile acid (BA) is the main endpoint of cholesterol metabolism in the body. In addition, it also acts as a signaling factor to regulate metabolism and inflammation in the body through the farnesyl X receptor and G protein-coupled BA receptor. Studies have shown that BA metabolism is associated with the development of NAFLD, but a large number of animal and clinical studies are still needed. BA homeostasis is maintained through multiple negative feedback loops and the enterohepatic circulation of BA. Recently, treatment of NAFLD by interfering with BA synthesis and metabolism has become a new research direction. Here, we review the changes in BA metabolism and its regulatory mechanisms during the development of NAFLD and describe the potential of studies exploring novel non-invasive diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets for NAFLD based on BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bing
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated with China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi-Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Yi-Ling Li,
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Impact of Liver Inflammation on Bile Acid Side Chain Shortening and Amidation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243983. [PMID: 36552746 PMCID: PMC9777420 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) synthesis from cholesterol by hepatocytes is inhibited by inflammatory cytokines. Whether liver inflammation also affects BA side chain shortening and conjugation was investigated. In human liver cell lines (IHH, HepG2, and HepaRG), agonists of nuclear receptors including the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptor (LXR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) did not affect the expression of BA-related peroxisomal enzymes. In contrast, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) inhibition down-regulated acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (ACOX2). ACOX2 was repressed by fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), which was prevented by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibition. These changes were paralleled by altered BA synthesis (HPLC-MS/MS). Cytokines able to down-regulate cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) had little effect on peroxisomal enzymes involved in BA synthesis except for ACOX2 and bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BAAT), which were down-regulated, mainly by oncostatin M (OSM). This effect was prevented by Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition, which restored BA side chain shortening and conjugation. The binding of OSM to the extracellular matrix accounted for a persistent effect after culture medium replacement. In silico analysis of four databases (n = 201) and a validation cohort (n = 90) revealed an inverse relationship between liver inflammation and ACOX2/BAAT expression which was associated with changes in HNF4α levels. In conclusion, BA side chain shortening and conjugation are inhibited by inflammatory effectors. However, other mechanisms involved in BA homeostasis counterbalance any significant impact on the serum BA profile.
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Baj J, Khalil M, Garruti G, Stellaard F, Wang HH, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Recent Advances in the Digestive, Metabolic and Therapeutic Effects of Farnesoid X Receptor and Fibroblast Growth Factor 19: From Cholesterol to Bile Acid Signaling. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234950. [PMID: 36500979 PMCID: PMC9738051 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are amphiphilic molecules synthesized in the liver (primary BA) starting from cholesterol. In the small intestine, BA act as strong detergents for emulsification, solubilization and absorption of dietary fat, cholesterol, and lipid-soluble vitamins. Primary BA escaping the active ileal re-absorption undergo the microbiota-dependent biotransformation to secondary BA in the colon, and passive diffusion into the portal vein towards the liver. BA also act as signaling molecules able to play a systemic role in a variety of metabolic functions, mainly through the activation of nuclear and membrane-associated receptors in the intestine, gallbladder, and liver. BA homeostasis is tightly controlled by a complex interplay with the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), the enterokine hormone fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) or the human ortholog FGF19 (FGF19). Circulating FGF19 to the FGFR4/β-Klotho receptor causes smooth muscle relaxation and refilling of the gallbladder. In the liver the binding activates the FXR-small heterodimer partner (SHP) pathway. This step suppresses the unnecessary BA synthesis and promotes the continuous enterohepatic circulation of BAs. Besides BA homeostasis, the BA-FXR-FGF19 axis governs several metabolic processes, hepatic protein, and glycogen synthesis, without inducing lipogenesis. These pathways can be disrupted in cholestasis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, targeting FXR activity can represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention and the treatment of liver and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Frans Stellaard
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Venusberg-Campus 1, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Helen H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-4687215
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Abstract
Bile acids wear many hats, including those of an emulsifier to facilitate nutrient absorption, a cholesterol metabolite, and a signaling molecule in various tissues modulating itching to metabolism and cellular functions. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver but exhibit wide-ranging effects indicating their ability to mediate organ-organ crosstalk. So, how does a steroid metabolite orchestrate such diverse functions? Despite the inherent chemical similarity, the side chain decorations alter the chemistry and biology of the different bile acid species and their preferences to bind downstream receptors distinctly. Identification of new modifications in bile acids is burgeoning, and some of it is associated with the microbiota within the intestine. Here, we provide a brief overview of the history and the various receptors that mediate bile acid signaling in addition to its crosstalk with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Correspondence: Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk, PhD, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 S Mathews Ave, 453 Medical Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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