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李 旭, 郝 宇, 吴 雪, 赵 洵, 刁 莎, 张 小, 田 璐, 叶 丰, 李 佳. [Effect of Interactions Among Obesity-Related Proteins on Breast Cancer Risk: A Preliminary Study]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:579-584. [PMID: 37248587 PMCID: PMC10475412 DOI: 10.12182/20230560506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the potential interactions among obesity-related proteins in the pathogenic process of breast cancer (BC) in women. Methods We conducted a case-control study, enrolling 279 primary breast cancer cases and 260 age-frequency-matched healthy women between April 2014 and May 2015. Based on the evidence of previous published literature on obesity-related proteins and BC risks, we selected proteins that received more attention and measured the plasma levels of these proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After stratification of the subjects according to their menopausal status, an analytic strategy combining multivariate logistic regression and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to explore the effect of the possible interactions of these proteins on BC risk. Results There were marginal high-order interactions among insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), C-reactive protein (CRP), resistin (RETN), soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), and adiponectin (ADP) in premenopausal women (with the balanced accuracy for the testing set being 59.01%, cross-validation consistency being 10/10, and permutation test P=0.05). There were high-order interactions among leptin (LEP), sOB-R, ADP, CRP, IGFBP3 and visfatin (VF) in postmenopausal women (with the balanced accuracy for the testing set being 67.31%, cross-validation consistency being 10/10, and permutation test P=0.01). Along with an increase in the number of obesity-related proteins to which the subjects were exposed, the risk of developing breast cancer gradually increased in both pre- and postmenopausal women ( OR pre =2.18, 95% CI: 1.69-2.82; OR post =2.41, 95% CI: 1.75-3.32). Conclusions This preliminary study suggested high-order interactions among obesity-related proteins on BC risk in both pre- and postmenopausal women. In future studies, close attention should be given to these potential interactions when these proteins are used jointly as predictors, as well as in developing a comprehensive risk scoring system for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- 旭 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西医院 临床研究管理部 (成都 610041)Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 宇 郝
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 雪瑶 吴
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 洵颖 赵
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 莎 刁
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西医院 临床研究管理部 (成都 610041)Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 小凡 张
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 璐璐 田
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 丰 叶
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 佳圆 李
- 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 流行病与卫生统计学系(成都 610041)Department of Epidemiology and Health Statictics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chan DS, Vieira R, Abar L, Aune D, Balducci K, Cariolou M, Greenwood DC, Markozannes G, Nanu N, Becerra‐Tomás N, Giovannucci EL, Gunter MJ, Jackson AA, Kampman E, Lund V, Allen K, Brockton NT, Croker H, Katsikioti D, McGinley‐Gieser D, Mitrou P, Wiseman M, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Clinton SK, McTiernan A, Norat T, Tsilidis KK. Postdiagnosis body fatness, weight change and breast cancer prognosis: Global Cancer Update Program (CUP global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:572-599. [PMID: 36279884 PMCID: PMC10092239 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence on postdiagnosis body fatness and mortality after breast cancer was graded as limited-suggestive. To evaluate the evidence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio and weight change in relation to breast cancer prognosis, an updated systematic review was conducted. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant studies published up to 31 October, 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to estimate summary relative risks (RRs). The evidence was judged by an independent Expert Panel using pre-defined grading criteria. One randomized controlled trial and 225 observational studies were reviewed (220 publications). There was strong evidence (likelihood of causality: probable) that higher postdiagnosis BMI was associated with increased all-cause mortality (64 studies, 32 507 deaths), breast cancer-specific mortality (39 studies, 14 106 deaths) and second primary breast cancer (11 studies, 5248 events). The respective summary RRs and 95% confidence intervals per 5 kg/m2 BMI were 1.07 (1.05-1.10), 1.10 (1.06-1.14) and 1.14 (1.04-1.26), with high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 56%, 60%, 66%), but generally consistent positive associations. Positive associations were also observed for waist circumference, waist-hip-ratio and all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality. There was limited-suggestive evidence that postdiagnosis BMI was associated with higher risk of recurrence, nonbreast cancer deaths and cardiovascular deaths. The evidence for postdiagnosis (unexplained) weight or BMI change and all outcomes was graded as limited-no conclusion. The RCT showed potential beneficial effect of intentional weight loss on disease-free-survival, but more intervention trials and well-designed observational studies in diverse populations are needed to elucidate the impact of body composition and their changes on breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris S.M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rita Vieira
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Leila Abar
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NutritionBjørknes University CollegeOsloNorway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katia Balducci
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Margarita Cariolou
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Darren C. Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina Medical SchoolIoanninaGreece
| | - Neesha Nanu
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nerea Becerra‐Tomás
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Alan A. Jackson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and HealthUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- National Institute of Health Research Cancer and Nutrition CollaborationSouthamptonUK
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vivien Lund
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | - Kate Allen
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | | | - Helen Croker
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda J. Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- World Cancer Research Fund InternationalLondonUK
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina Medical SchoolIoanninaGreece
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Cho HJ, Song S, Kim Z, Youn HJ, Cho J, Min JW, Kim YS, Choi SW, Lee JE. Associations of body mass index and weight change with circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines, and adiponectin among breast cancer survivors. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2023; 19:113-125. [PMID: 35590398 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study examined the associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight change with inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors in Korea. METHODS A total of 495 women were included who had been diagnosed with primary breast cancer and survived for at least 6 months since the surgery. Information on the body weight and height of the participants was collected both at the study enrollment and diagnosis. The plasma levels of inflammatory markers were measured, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and adiponectin. A summary z-score was calculated by summing up the z-scores of each biomarker. The least-square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a generalized linear model and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the elevated levels of inflammatory markers with a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS Participants with a BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 at the study enrollment and at diagnosis were significantly associated with elevated summary z-scores compared to those with a BMI < 23 kg/m2 ; the ORs (95% CIs) were 5.42 (2.15-13.71) for current BMI and 3.66 (1.68-7.98) for BMI at diagnosis, respectively. Additionally, a weight loss > 5% since diagnosis was associated with a lower prevalence of high summary z-scores; the OR (95% CI) was .20 (.08-.52) compared to a stable weight. CONCLUSIONS A high BMI at diagnosis and current BMI with a greater degree were associated with unfavorable levels of inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors. Additionally, weight loss since diagnosis was inversely associated with these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihan Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zisun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jo Youn
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyoung Cho
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Min
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Seok Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Moukarzel LA, Ferrando L, Stylianou A, Lobaugh S, Wu M, Nobre SP, Iasonos A, Zoppoli G, Giri DD, Abu-Rustum NR, Broach VA, Iyengar NM, Weigelt B, Makker V. Impact of obesity and white adipose tissue inflammation on the omental microenvironment in endometrial cancer. Cancer 2022; 128:3297-3309. [PMID: 35793549 PMCID: PMC9976596 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A complex relationship between adipose tissue and malignancy, involving an inflammatory response, has been reported. The goal of this work was to assess the prevalence of white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation in patients with endometrial cancer (EC), and the association with circulating inflammation markers. Furthermore, the aim was to characterize the pathways activated in and the cell type composition of adipose tissue in patients with EC. METHODS Adipose tissue and blood samples were prospectively collected from 101 patients with EC at initial surgery. WAT inflammation was determined based on adipocytes surrounded by macrophages forming crown-like structures. Circulating levels of metabolic syndrome-associated and inflammatory markers were quantified. RNA-sequencing was performed on adipose samples (n = 55); differential gene expression, pathway, and cellular decomposition analyses were performed using state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. RESULTS WAT inflammation was identified in 46 (45.5%) of 101 EC patients. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with WAT inflammation (p < .05). WAT inflammation was associated with greater body mass index (p < .001) and higher circulating levels of leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, as well as lower levels of adiponectin and sex hormone-binding globulin (p < .05). Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated increased levels of proinflammatory and pro-neoplastic-related gene expression in inflamed omental adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS WAT inflammation is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and inflammatory markers, as well as increased expression of proinflammatory and proneoplastic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A. Moukarzel
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Lorenzo Ferrando
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anthe Stylianou
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephanie Lobaugh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michelle Wu
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Silvana Pedra Nobre
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dilip D. Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Vance A. Broach
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vicky Makker
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Zebrafish and Flavonoids: Adjuvants against Obesity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103014. [PMID: 34069388 PMCID: PMC8158719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pathological condition, defined as an excessive accumulation of fat, primarily caused by an energy imbalance. The storage of excess energy in the form of triglycerides within the adipocyte leads to lipotoxicity and promotes the phenotypic switch in the M1/M2 macrophage. These changes induce the development of a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, subsequently generating obesity-related complications, commonly known as metabolic syndromes. Over the past decade, obesity has been studied in many animal models. However, due to its competitive aspects and unique characteristics, the use of zebrafish has begun to gain traction in experimental obesity research. To counteract obesity and its related comorbidities, several natural substances have been studied. One of those natural substances reported to have substantial biological effects on obesity are flavonoids. This review summarizes the results of studies that examined the effects of flavonoids on obesity and related diseases and the emergence of zebrafish as a model of diet-induced obesity.
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Bergqvist M, Elebro K, Borgquist S, Rosendahl AH. Adipocytes Under Obese-Like Conditions Change Cell Cycle Distribution and Phosphorylation Profiles of Breast Cancer Cells: The Adipokine Receptor CAP1 Matters. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628653. [PMID: 33738261 PMCID: PMC7962603 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and associated metabolic conditions impact adipocyte functionality with potential consequences for breast cancer risk and prognosis, but contributing mechanisms remain to be understood. The adipokine receptor adenylyl cyclase-associated protein-1 (CAP1) has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer, but results are conflicting and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, molecular and cellular effects in breast cancer cells by stimulation of adipocytes under normal or obese-like conditions, and potential involvement of CAP1, were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive T47D and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were exposed to adipocyte-secretome from adipocytes placed under pressures mimicking normal and obese-like metabolic conditions. Changes in phosphorylated kinase proteins and related biological pathways were assessed by phospho-antibody array and PANTHER analysis, cell proliferation were investigated through sulforhodamine B, cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. Functional effects of CAP1 were subsequently examined following small interfering (si)RNA-mediated knockdown. RESULTS Protein phosphorylations involved in important biological processes were enriched in T47D breast cancer cells in response to adipocyte secretome from obese-like compared with normal conditions. The obesity-associated adipocyte secretome further stimulated cell proliferation and a shift from cell cycle G1-phase to S- and G2/M-phase was observed. Silencing of CAP1 decreased cell proliferation in both T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells, and reduced the obesity-associated secretome-induction of phosphoproteins involved in cell proliferation pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the adipocyte secretome and CAP1 are mechanistically important for the proliferation of both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells, and potential signaling mediators were identified. These studies provide biological insight into how obesity-associated factors could affect breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bergqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ann H. Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Nogueira TR, de Oliveira VA, Pereira IC, de Carvalho CMRG, Péres-Rodrigues G, do Carmo de Carvalho e Martins M, de Macedo G. Frota K, de Azevedo Paiva A, de Jesus e Silva de Almendra Freitas B. Vitamin A: Modulating Effect on Breast Carcinogenesis. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200706011813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer has a multifactorial etiology and, among the main causal factors, the dietary
profile stands out, mainly the components of the pro-inflammatory diet and their interaction with genetic
characteristics. In this sense, deciphering the molecular networks involved in the proliferation
of cancer cells in breast tissue can determine ways of action of organic compounds that modulate the
pathogenesis of cancer, such as vitamin A and analogs, as well as their possible mechanisms of modulation
of breast tumorigenesis. This is a review study conducted according to the guidelines of the
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and by consulting
the PubMed and Web of Science databases including articles, published in Portuguese, English and
Spanish, in the last five years. 126 articles were obtained, of which 13 were selected for full analysis
and only 6 were included in the study for meeting the eligibility criteria. The results of the compiled
studies demonstrate the role of some retinol-binding proteins in metabolism, as well as in differentiation,
cell proliferation and inflammation. Although controversial, the results point to the use of these
proteins as possible prognostic markers. The need for further studies in humans is also emphasized in
order to assess the main effects of vitamin isoforms on tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís R. Nogueira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, UFPI, Piaui State, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Victor A. de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, UFPI, Piaui State, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Irislene C. Pereira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, UFPI, Piaui State, Teresina, Brazil
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Delort L, Cholet J, Decombat C, Vermerie M, Dumontet C, Castelli FA, Fenaille F, Auxenfans C, Rossary A, Caldefie-Chezet F. The Adipose Microenvironment Dysregulates the Mammary Myoepithelial Cells and Could Participate to the Progression of Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:571948. [PMID: 33505957 PMCID: PMC7829501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Overweight and obesity are now recognized as established risk factors for this pathology in postmenopausal women. These conditions are also believed to be responsible for higher recurrence and mortality rates. Reciprocal interactions have been described between adipose and cancer cells. An adipose microenvironment favors a greater proliferation of cancer cells, their invasion and even resistance to anti-cancer treatments. In addition, the chronic low-grade inflammation observed in obese individuals is believed to amplify these processes. Among the cell types present in the breast, myoepithelial cells (MECs), located at the interface of the epithelial cells and the stroma, are considered "tumor suppressor" cells. During the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive cancer, disorganization or even the disappearance of MECs is observed, thereby enhancing the ability of the cancer cells to migrate. As the adipose microenvironment is now considered as a central actor in the progression of breast cancer, our objective was to evaluate if it could be involved in MEC functional modifications, leading to the transition of in situ to invasive carcinoma, particularly in obese patients. Through a co-culture model, we investigated the impact of human adipose stem cells from women of normal weight and obese women, differentiated or not into mature adipocytes, on the functionality of the MECs by measuring changes in viability, apoptosis, gene, and miRNA expressions. We found that adipose cells (precursors and differentiated adipocytes) could decrease the viability of the MECs, regardless of the original BMI. The adipose cells could also disrupt the expression of the genes involved in the maintenance of the extracellular matrix and to amplify the expression of leptin and inflammatory markers. miR-122-5p and miR-132-3p could also be considered as targets for adipose cells. The metabolite analyses revealed specific profiles that may be involved in the growth of neoplastic cells. All of these perturbations could thus be responsible for the loss of tumor suppressor status of MECs and promote the transition from in situ to invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Juliette Cholet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Decombat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Vermerie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Florence A Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Auxenfans
- Banque de Tissus et de Cellules, Hôpital Edouard-Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Izuegbuna OO, Olawumi HO, Olatoke SA, Durotoye I. An Evaluation of Inflammatory and Nutritional Status of Breast Cancer Outpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:90-99. [PMID: 33410361 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1870703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the relationship between nutritional status and inflammatory markers of breast cancer patients, and to identify predictors of malnutrition in these patients. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 45 patients with breast cancer assessed between January and June 2018. Nutritional status was evaluated by objective and subjective methods. The inflammatory markers and inflammation-based scores evaluated were C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), CRP/albumin ratio, and Albumin/CRP ratio. RESULTS A total of 45 patients were evaluated. Majority of the patients have high levels of both CRP and ESR (73.3% and 86.7% respectively). More than 70% of the patients were well nourished. There was no significant association between CRP (P = 0.067), ESR (P = 0.094) and SGA (Subjective Global Assessment) categories. Albumin (P < 0.001), Albumin/CRP ratio (P = 0.002), CRP/albumin ratio (P = < 0.001), and GPS (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with SGA categories. On multivariate analysis, albumin (P < 0.001), Albumin/CRP ratio (P = 0.004), CRP/albumin ratio (P = 0.009), GPS (P = 0.01), and ECOG (P = 0.009) were the only markers independently related to malnutrition. CONCLUSION The inflammation-based scores were significantly associated with malnutrition and can be used as biochemical nutritional assessment tools in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu O Izuegbuna
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Hannah O Olawumi
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Olatoke
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Idayat Durotoye
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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10
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Chen H, Yaghjyan L, Li C, Peters U, Rosner B, Lindström S, Tamimi RM. Association of Interactions Between Mammographic Density Phenotypes and Established Risk Factors With Breast Cancer Risk, by Tumor Subtype and Menopausal Status. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:44-58. [PMID: 32639533 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the association between mammographic density (MD) and breast cancer risk might be modified by other breast cancer risk factors. In this study, we assessed multiplicative interactions between MD measures and established risk factors on the risk of invasive breast cancer overall and according to menopausal and estrogen receptor status. We used data on 2,137 cases and 4,346 controls from a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (1976-2004) and Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2007), whose data on percent mammographic density (PMD) and absolute area of dense tissue and nondense tissue (NDA) were available. No interaction remained statistically significant after adjusting for number of comparisons. For breast cancer overall, we observed nominally significant interactions (P < 0.05) between nulliparity and PMD/NDA, age at menarche and area of dense tissue, and body mass index and NDA. Individual nominally significant interactions across MD measures and risk factors were also observed in analyses stratified by either menopausal or estrogen receptor status. Our findings help provide further insights into potential mechanisms underlying the association between MD and breast cancer.
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11
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Vella V, De Francesco EM, Lappano R, Muoio MG, Manzella L, Maggiolini M, Belfiore A. Microenvironmental Determinants of Breast Cancer Metastasis: Focus on the Crucial Interplay Between Estrogen and Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608412. [PMID: 33364239 PMCID: PMC7753049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of the great majority of breast cancers (BCs) are mainly dependent on the biological action elicited by estrogens through the classical estrogen receptor (ER), as well as the alternate receptor named G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). In addition to estrogens, other hormones and growth factors, including the insulin and insulin-like growth factor system (IIGFs), play a role in BC. IIGFs cooperates with estrogen signaling to generate a multilevel cross-communication that ultimately facilitates the transition toward aggressive and life-threatening BC phenotypes. In this regard, the majority of BC deaths are correlated with the formation of metastatic lesions at distant sites. A thorough scrutiny of the biological and biochemical events orchestrating metastasis formation and dissemination has shown that virtually all cell types within the tumor microenvironment work closely with BC cells to seed cancerous units at distant sites. By establishing an intricate scheme of paracrine interactions that lead to the expression of genes involved in metastasis initiation, progression, and virulence, the cross-talk between BC cells and the surrounding microenvironmental components does dictate tumor fate and patients’ prognosis. Following (i) a description of the main microenvironmental events prompting BC metastases and (ii) a concise overview of estrogen and the IIGFs signaling and their major regulatory functions in BC, here we provide a comprehensive analysis of the most recent findings on the role of these transduction pathways toward metastatic dissemination. In particular, we focused our attention on the main microenvironmental targets of the estrogen-IIGFs interplay, and we recapitulated relevant molecular nodes that orientate shared biological responses fostering the metastatic program. On the basis of available studies, we propose that a functional cross-talk between estrogens and IIGFs, by affecting the BC microenvironment, may contribute to the metastatic process and may be regarded as a novel target for combination therapies aimed at preventing the metastatic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Muoio
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
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12
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A novel nomogram predicting the risk of positive biopsy for patients in the diagnostic gray area of prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17675. [PMID: 33077762 PMCID: PMC7572499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles played by several inflammatory factors in screening for prostate cancer (PCa) among gray area patients, namely those with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between 4 and 10 ng/ml, have not been completely identified, and few effective diagnostic nomograms have been developed exclusively for these patients. We aimed to investigate new independent predictors of positive biopsy (PB) results and develop a novel diagnostic nomogram for this group of patients. The independent predictors of PB results were identified, and a nomogram was constructed using multivariate logistic regression analysis based on a cohort comprising 401 Gy area patients diagnosed at Xijing Hospital (Xi’an, China) between January 2016 and December 2019. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the nomogram was calibrated by comparing the prediction with the observation. The performance of the nomogram was further validated using an independent cohort. Finally, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) > 4.11 and red blood cell distribution width (RDW)-standard deviation (SD) > 42.9 fl were identified as independent protective predictors of PB results, whereas PSA density (PSAD) > 0.141 was identified as an independent risk predictor. The nomogram established using PSAD, LMR, and RDW-SD was perfectly calibrated, and its predictive accuracy was superior to that of PSAD in both internal and external validations (0.827 vs 0.769 and 0.765 vs 0.713, respectively). This study is the first to report the importance of LMR and RDW-SD in screening for PCa among gray area patients and to construct an exclusive nomogram to predict the individual risk of positive 13-core biopsy results in this group of patients. With superior performance over PSAD, our nomogram will help increase the accuracy of PCa screening, thereby avoiding unnecessary biopsy.
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13
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Garófolo A, Qiao L, Maia-Lemos PDS. Approach to Nutrition in Cancer Patients in the Context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Perspectives. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1293-1301. [PMID: 32696665 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1797126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new pandemic that originated in China in December 2019. Cancer patients are immunosuppressed and very susceptive to acquiring infections; thus, they are at greater risk of developing more severe forms of COVID-19. People infected with COVID-19 display increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Excessive inflammation may cause damage to the body's tissues, thereby potentially contributing to alveolar damage and the severity of COVID-19. We hypothesize that since a pro-inflammatory state may worsen COVID-19 prognosis, modulating systemic inflammation through dietary modification may be efficacious in improving the clinical sequelae of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to present current nutritional and dietary approaches in the context of inflammation with a specific focus on cancer patients with and without COVID-19. The main topics reviewed include nutrition in inflammation and immunity. A systematic literature search on Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed databases was performed between March 22, 2020 and May 6, 2020 using the keywords "COVID-19," "coronavirus," "cancer," "inflammation," "probiotics," "vitamin D," and "nutrition prevention." Healthy dietary habits, omega-3-rich diets, probiotics use, and vitamin D supplementation, as well as obesity prevention, are likely the most efficacious preventive approaches to controlling hyperinflammation, improving immune function, and decreasing the severity of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Garófolo
- Support Group for Adolescents and Children with Cancer (GRAACC), Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lyon Qiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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The Relationship Between White Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Overweight/Obesity in Chinese Female Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Adv Ther 2020; 37:2734-2747. [PMID: 32410166 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate the relationship between breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and being overweight or obese, menopausal status, and metabolic syndrome-related indicators in breast cancer patients as well as the association between adipocyte size and the severity of WAT inflammation and body mass index (BMI). METHODS The crown-like structures (CLS-B) formed by macrophages surrounding dying or dead adipocytes can be used to identify breast WAT inflammation. In this study, breast WAT and fasting blood from 136 Chinese women with breast cancer were collected for analysis. Cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify CLS-B, and the adipocyte size was measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS The results showed that breast WAT inflammation usually occurs in overweight/obese breast cancer patients, and the severity of inflammation is positively correlated with adipocyte hypertrophy. We did not observe a direct association between WAT inflammation and menopausal status. In addition, the presence of WAT inflammation is associated with abnormalities in circulating factors associated with metabolic syndrome such as higher serum lipid, glucose, and C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSION Overweight/obese breast cancer patients may be more prone to breast WAT inflammation and may be associated with abnormalities in circulatory markers associated with metabolic syndrome.
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15
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Faria SS, Corrêa LH, Heyn GS, de Sant'Ana LP, Almeida RDN, Magalhães KG. Obesity and Breast Cancer: The Role of Crown-Like Structures in Breast Adipose Tissue in Tumor Progression, Prognosis, and Therapy. J Breast Cancer 2020; 23:233-245. [PMID: 32595986 PMCID: PMC7311368 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and aggressiveness of many types of cancer. Women with obesity and breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed with larger and higher-grade tumors and have higher incidence of metastases than lean individuals. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity includes systemic, chronic low-grade inflammation, and that adipose tissue can act as an important endocrine site, secreting a variety of substances that may regulate inflammation, immune response, and cancer predisposition. Obesity-associated inflammation appears to be initially mediated by macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue. Macrophages can surround damaged or necrotic adipocytes, forming "crown-like" structures (CLS). CLS are increased in breast adipose tissue from breast cancer patients and are more abundant in patients with obesity conditions. Moreover, the CLS index-ratio from individuals with obesity seems to influence breast cancer recurrence rates and survival. In this review, we discuss the most recent cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in CLS establishment in the white adipose tissue of women with obesity and their implications for breast cancer biology. We also explain how CLS influence the tumor microenvironment and affect breast cancer behavior. Targeting breast adipose tissue CLS can be a crucial therapeutic tool in cancer treatment, especially in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Socorro Faria
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Corrêa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Simões Heyn
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Lívia Pimentel de Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Raquel das Neves Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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16
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Andò S, Naimo GD, Gelsomino L, Catalano S, Mauro L. Novel insights into adiponectin action in breast cancer: Evidence of its mechanistic effects mediated by ERα expression. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13004. [PMID: 32067339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the multifaceted effects of adiponectin on breast cancer cell signalling, tumour metabolism, and microenvironment. It is largely documented that low adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. However, it needs to be still clarified what are the extents of the decrease of local/intra-tumoural adiponectin concentrations, which promote breast tumour malignancy. Most of the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects induced by adiponectin have been obtained in breast cancer cells not expressing estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Here, we will highlight recent findings demonstrating the mechanistic effects through which adiponectin is able to fuel genomic and non-genomic estrogen signalling, inhibiting LKB1/AMPK/mTOR/S6K pathway and switching energy balance. Therefore, it emerges that the reduced adiponectin levels in patients with obesity work to sustain tumour growth and progression in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. All this may contribute to remove the misleading paradigm that adiponectin univocally inhibits breast cancer cell growth and progression independently on ERα status. The latter concept, here clearly provided by pre-clinical studies, may have translational relevance adopting adiponectin as a potential therapeutic tool. Indeed, the interfering role of ERα on adiponectin action addresses how a separate assessment of adiponectin treatment needs to be considered in novel therapeutic strategies for ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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17
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Eldridge RC, Wentzensen N, Pfeiffer RM, Brinton LA, Hartge P, Guillemette C, Kemp TJ, Pinto LA, Trabert B. Endogenous estradiol and inflammation biomarkers: potential interacting mechanisms of obesity-related disease. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:309-320. [PMID: 32100190 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disentangling the effects of endogenous estrogens and inflammation on obesity-related diseases requires a clearer understanding of how the two biological mechanisms relate to each other. METHODS We studied 155 healthy postmenopausal women not taking menopausal hormone therapy enrolled in the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) screening cancer trial. From a baseline blood draw, we measured endogenous estradiol and 69 inflammation biomarkers: cytokines, chemokines, adipokines, angiogenic factors, growth factors, acute phase proteins, and soluble receptors. We evaluated the estradiol-inflammation relationship by assessing associations across different models (linear, ordinal logistic, and binary logistic) using a variety of estradiol classifications. We additionally investigated the estradiol-inflammation relationship stratified by baseline obesity status (BMI < 30 stratum and BMI > 30 stratum). RESULTS Associations of estradiol with 7 inflammation biomarkers met p < 0.05 statistical significance in linear and ordinal models: C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-6, thymus activation-regulated chemokine, eosinophil chemotactic protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and serum amyloid A. The positive association between estradiol and CRP was robust to model changes. Each standard deviation increase in endogenous estradiol doubled a woman's odds of having CRP levels higher than the study median (odds ratio 2.29; 95% confidence interval 1.28, 4.09). Estradiol was consistently inversely associated with adiponectin. Other estradiol-inflammation biomarker associations were not robust to model changes. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous estradiol appears to be associated with CRP and adiponectin; the evidence is limited for other inflammation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Troy J Kemp
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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18
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Neophytou CM, Kyriakou TC, Papageorgis P. Mechanisms of Metastatic Tumor Dormancy and Implications for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246158. [PMID: 31817646 PMCID: PMC6940943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, a multistep process during which tumor cells disseminate to secondary organs, represents the main cause of death for cancer patients. Metastatic dormancy is a late stage during cancer progression, following extravasation of cells at a secondary site, where the metastatic cells stop proliferating but survive in a quiescent state. When the microenvironmental conditions are favorable, they re-initiate proliferation and colonize, sometimes years after treatment of the primary tumor. This phenomenon represents a major clinical obstacle in cancer patient care. In this review, we describe the current knowledge regarding the genetic or epigenetic mechanisms that are activated by cancer cells that either sustain tumor dormancy or promote escape from this inactive state. In addition, we focus on the role of the microenvironment with emphasis on the effects of extracellular matrix proteins and in factors implicated in regulating dormancy during colonization to the lungs, brain, and bone. Finally, we describe the opportunities and efforts being made for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat metastatic cancer, by targeting the dormancy stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M. Neophytou
- European University Research Centre, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Science, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | | | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- European University Research Centre, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Science, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Chen M. Autocrine action of adipokine omentin-1 in the SW480 colon cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:892-898. [PMID: 31897204 PMCID: PMC6924134 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Omentin-1, a 34-kDa protein, has been demonstrated to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated that the levels of circulating omentin-1 are significantly increased in patients with CRC, but the cause of the high omentin-1 levels and whether CRC cells express this adipokine have not been determined. In the present study, human colorectal carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues were collected from 24 patients with CRC. In addition, SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cells were cultured in vitro. The expression and localization of omentin-1 protein in human CRC and para-carcinoma tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of omentin-1 in human CRC and para-carcinoma tissues were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. In addition, omentin-1 mRNA expression levels in SW480 and HCT116 cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR. Since SW480 cells exhibited higher omentin-1 mRNA levels compared with those of HCT116 cells, SW480 cells were selected for further experiments. The expression of omentin-1 protein in the supernatant and lysate of SW480 cells obtained at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h was determined by ELISA. The immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the positive expression of omentin-1 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm of cancer cells in human CRC tissues. The mRNA and protein expression levels of omentin-1 in the CRC tissues were higher compared with those in para-carcinoma tissues. The expression levels of omentin-1 were detected in the cell lysate and supernatant of SW480 cells; the expression level of omentin-1 protein in the cell lysate was higher compared with that in the supernatant. These results indicated that SW480 cells secret and express the adipokine omentin-1 endogenously. Omentin-1 may serve its potential carcinogenetic role in CRC through endocrine, autocrine and paracrine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diabetes Prevention, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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20
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Nome ME, Euceda LR, Jabeen S, Debik J, Bathen TF, Giskeødegård GF, Taskén KA, Maelandsmo GM, Halvorsen B, Yndestad A, Borgen E, Garred Ø, Aukrust P, Ueland T, Engebraaten O, Kristensen VN, Tekpli X. Serum levels of inflammation-related markers and metabolites predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab in breast cancers. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:223-235. [PMID: 31444972 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is necessary for tumor growth and has been targeted in breast cancer; however, it is unclear which patients will respond and benefit from antiangiogenic therapy. We report noninvasive monitoring of patient response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy given alone or in combination with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab) in a randomized clinical trial. At four time points during neoadjuvant chemotherapy ± bevacizumab of receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2-negative breast cancers, we measured metabolites and inflammation-related markers in patient's serum. We report significant changes in the levels of several molecules induced by bevacizumab, the most prominent being an increase in pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and von Willebrand factor (VWF). Serum levels of AXL, VWF and pulmonary and activation-regulated cytokine (PARC/CCL18) reflected response to chemotherapy alone or in combination with bevacizumab. We further analyzed serum cytokines in relation to tumor characteristics such as gene expression, tumor metabolites and tumor infiltrating leukocytes. We found that VWF and growth-differentiation factor 15 tumor mRNA levels correlated with their respective serum protein levels suggesting that these cytokines may be produced by tumors and outflow to the bloodstream while influencing the tumor microenvironment locally. Finally, we used binomial logistic regression which allowed to predict patient's response using only 10 noninvasive biomarkers. Our study highlights the potential of monitoring circulating levels of cytokines and metabolites during breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Nome
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Leslie R Euceda
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shakila Jabeen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Julia Debik
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin A Taskén
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Maelandsmo
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artic University of Norway - University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Borgen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Garred
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olav Engebraaten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xavier Tekpli
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Becaria Coquet J, Caballero VR, Camisasso MC, González MF, Niclis C, Román MD, Muñoz SE, Leone CM, Procino F, Osella AR, Aballay LR. Diet Quality, Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk: An Epidemiologic Study in Córdoba, Argentina. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1026-1035. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1664601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Becaria Coquet
- Institute of Health Sciences Research (INICSA), National University of Córdoba (UNC), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National University of Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor Ramón Caballero
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National University of Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Camisasso
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National University of Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Florencia González
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National University of Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Camila Niclis
- Institute of Health Sciences Research (INICSA), National University of Córdoba (UNC), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National University of Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Dolores Román
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National University of Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sonia Edith Muñoz
- Institute of Health Sciences Research (INICSA), National University of Córdoba (UNC), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla M. Leone
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Procino
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Rubén Osella
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Rosana Aballay
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National University of Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular biology of breast cancer among Iranian patients. J Transl Med 2019; 17:218. [PMID: 31286981 PMCID: PMC6615213 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background, Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in Iran. This high ratio of mortality had a rising trend during the recent years which is probably associated with late diagnosis. Main body Therefore it is critical to define a unique panel of genetic markers for the early detection among our population. In present review we summarized all of the reported significant genetic markers among Iranian BC patients for the first time, which are categorized based on their cellular functions. Conclusions This review paves the way of introducing a unique ethnic specific panel of diagnostic markers among Iranian BC patients. Indeed, this review can also clarify the genetic and molecular bases of BC progression among Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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23
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Wang YX, Zhu N, Zhang CJ, Wang YK, Wu HT, Li Q, Du K, Liao DF, Qin L. Friend or foe: Multiple roles of adipose tissue in cancer formation and progression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21436-21449. [PMID: 31054175 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is well-known as the second factor for tumorigenesis after smoking and is bound up with the malignant progression of several kinds of cancers, including esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, and ovarian cancer. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity-related cancer are mostly attributed to dysfunctional adipose tissue. The possible mechanisms connecting dysfunctional adipose tissue to high cancer risk mainly focus on chronic inflammation, obesity-related microenvironment, adipokine secretion disorder, and browning of adipose tissue, and so forth. The stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue trigger chronic inflammation through secreting inflammatory factors and promote cancer cell proliferation. Hypertrophic adipose tissues lead to metabolic disorders of adipocytes, such as abnormal levels of adipokines that mediate cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer patients often show adipose tissue browning and cancerous cachexia in an advanced stage, which lead to unsatisfied chemotherapy effect and poor prognosis. However, increasing evidence has shown that adipose tissue may display quite opposite effects in cancer development. Therefore, the interaction between cancers and adipose tissue exert a vital role in mediates adipose tissue dysfunction and further leads to cancer progression. In conclusion, targeting the dysfunction of adipose tissue provides a promising strategy for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Kai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hong-Tao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Li
- Outpatient Department of Hanpu Campus, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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24
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Sudhakaran M, Sardesai S, Doseff AI. Flavonoids: New Frontier for Immuno-Regulation and Breast Cancer Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E103. [PMID: 30995775 PMCID: PMC6523469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the US, despite advances in detection and treatment. In addition, breast cancer survivors often struggle with long-term treatment related comorbidities. Identifying novel therapies that are effective while minimizing toxicity is critical in curtailing this disease. Flavonoids, a subclass of plant polyphenols, are emerging as promising treatment options for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to anti-oxidant properties, flavonoids can directly interact with proteins, making them ideal small molecules for the modulation of enzymes, transcription factors and cell surface receptors. Of particular interest is the ability of flavonoids to modulate the tumor associated macrophage function. However, clinical applications of flavonoids in cancer trials are limited. Epidemiological and smaller clinical studies have been largely hypothesis generating. Future research should aim at addressing known challenges with a broader use of preclinical models and investigating enhanced dose-delivery systems that can overcome limited bioavailability of dietary flavonoids. In this review, we discuss the structure-functional impact of flavonoids and their action on breast tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on their clinical role in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Obesity leads to many diseases including hypercholesterolemia, type-2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. It is the fastest-growing lethal disease in the Western and developing countries. The link between obesity and cancer is relatively underappreciated among the general population. Obesity represents the number one risk factor for type-2 diabetes and a considerable body of epidemiological studies supports the relationship between type-2 diabetes and many cancers. In this review, we examine the obesity-type-2-diabetes-cancer relationships from a mechanistic perspective, and where appropriate, we highlight potential pharmaceutical and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, USA
| | - Casey L. Rosen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli Turkey
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26
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, Nell T. Fatty acids: Adiposity and breast cancer chemotherapy, a bad synergy? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:18-33. [PMID: 30553399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer continues to be a major concern in women's health. Lifestyle related risk factors, specifically excess adipose tissue (adiposity) has reached epidemic proportions and has been identified as a major risk factor in the development of breast cancer. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has evoked research focusing on its association with metabolic-related conditions, breast cancer risk and progression. Adipose dysfunction in coordination with immune cells and inflammation, are responsible for accelerated cell growth and survival of cancer cells. Recently, evidence also implicates adiposity as a potential risk factor for chemotherapy resistance. Chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to negatively impact adipose tissue. Since adipose tissue is a major storage site for fatty acids, it is not unlikely that these negative effects may disrupt adipose tissue homeostasis. It is therefore argued that fatty acid composition may be altered due to the chemotherapeutic pharmacokinetics, which in turn could have severe health related outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms elucidating the effects of fatty acid composition in adiposity-linked drug resistance are still unclear and under explored. This review focuses on the potential role of adiposity in breast cancer and specifically emphasizes the role of fatty acids in cancer progression and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - A-M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa.
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27
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Xu YXZ, Mishra S. Obesity-Linked Cancers: Current Knowledge, Challenges and Limitations in Mechanistic Studies and Rodent Models. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E523. [PMID: 30567335 PMCID: PMC6316427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity has doubled during the last 50 years, and according to the World Obesity Federation, one third of the people on Earth will be obese by the year 2025. Obesity is described as a chronic, relapsing and multifactorial disease that causes metabolic, biomechanical, and psychosocial health consequences. Growing evidence suggests that obesity is a risk factor for multiple cancer types and rivals smoking as the leading preventable cause for cancer incidence and mortality. The epidemic of obesity will likely generate a new wave of obesity-related cancers with high aggressiveness and shortened latency. Observational studies have shown that from cancer risk to disease prognosis, an individual with obesity is consistently ranked worse compared to their lean counterpart. Mechanistic studies identified similar sets of abnormalities under obesity that may lead to cancer development, including ectopic fat storage, altered adipokine profiles, hormone fluctuations and meta-inflammation, but could not explain how these common mechanisms produce over 13 different cancer types. A major hurdle in the mechanistic underpinning of obesity-related cancer is the lack of suitable pre-clinical models that spontaneously develop obesity-linked cancers like humans. Current approaches and animal models fall short when discerning the confounders that often coexist in obesity. In this mini-review, we will briefly survey advances in the different obesity-linked cancers and discuss the challenges and limitations in the rodent models employed to study their relationship. We will also provide our perspectives on the future of obesity-linked cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xin Zi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Suresh Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
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28
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Goto W, Kashiwagi S, Asano Y, Takada K, Takahashi K, Hatano T, Takashima T, Tomita S, Motomura H, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Predictive value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in the preoperative setting for progression of patients with breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1137. [PMID: 30453914 PMCID: PMC6245848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been used as a parameter reflecting systemic inflammation in several tumors, and is reportedly associated with prognosis in cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of LMR for progression and chemosensitivity in breast cancer patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy. METHODS LMR was evaluated in 239 patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide, followed by weekly paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab, and subsequent curative surgery. The correlations between LMR and clinicopathological features, prognosis, and pathological complete response (pCR) rate of NAC were evaluated retrospectively. We also evaluated the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and compared the predictive values of LMR and NLR. RESULTS We set 6.00 as the cut-off level for LMR based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A total of 119 patients (49.8%) were classified in the high-LMR group and 120 (50.2%) were classified in the low-LMR group. The low-LMR group had significantly worse disease-free survival rate (DFS) in all patients (p = 0.005) and in triple-negative breast cancer patients (p = 0.006). However, there was no significant correlation between LMR and pCR. Multivariate analysis showed that low LMR was an independent risk factor for DFS (p = 0.008, hazard ratio = 2.245). However, there was no significant difference in DFS (p = 0.143, log-rank) between patients in the low- and high-NLR groups. CONCLUSIONS LMR may be a useful prognostic marker in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Goto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuka Asano
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Takada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takaharu Hatano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takashima
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Motomura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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29
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Montalbano G, Mania M, Abbate F, Navarra M, Guerrera MC, Laura R, Vega JA, Levanti M, Germanà A. Melatonin treatment suppresses appetite genes and improves adipose tissue plasticity in diet-induced obese zebrafish. Endocrine 2018; 62:381-393. [PMID: 29926348 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and premature death in modern society. Recently, numerous natural and synthetic compounds have been tested in diet-induced obese animal models, to counteract obesity. Melatonin is a circadian hormone, produced by pineal gland and extra-pineal sources, involved in processes which have in common a rhythmic expression. In teleost, it can control energy balance by activating or inhibiting appetite-related peptides. The study aims at testing effects of melatonin administration to control-fed and overfed zebrafish, in terms of expression levels of orexigenic (Ghrelin, orexin, NPY) and anorexigenic (leptin, POMC) genes expression and morphometry of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots. METHODS Adult male zebrafish (n = 56) were divided into four dietary groups: control, overfed, control + melatonin, overfed + melatonin. The treatment lasted 5 weeks and BMI levels of every fish were measured each week. After this period fishes were sacrificed; morphological and morphometric studies have been carried out on histological sections of adipose tissue and adipocytes. Moreover, whole zebrafish brain and intestine were used for qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that melatonin supplementation may have an effect in mobilizing fat stores, in increasing basal metabolism and thus in preventing further excess fat accumulation. Melatonin stimulates the anorexigenic and inhibit the orexigenic signals. CONCLUSIONS It seems that adequate melatonin treatment exerts anti-obesity protective effects, also in a diet-induced obesity zebrafish model, that might be the result of the restoration of many factors: the final endpoint reached is weight loss and stabilization of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Montalbano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy.
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy.
| | - M Mania
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - F Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - M Navarra
- Department of Drug Sciences and products for Health, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - M C Guerrera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - R Laura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - J A Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España, 33006, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, 5 Poniente 1670, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - M Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - A Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
- Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
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30
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Roos ET, Lallukka T, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Joint associations between smoking and obesity as determinants of premature mortality among midlife employees. Eur J Public Health 2018; 27:135-139. [PMID: 28177439 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eira T Roos
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Lee KH, Kim EY, Yun JS, Park YL, Do SI, Chae SW, Park CH. The prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and hematologic parameters in patients with breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:938. [PMID: 30285668 PMCID: PMC6167816 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinogenesis and tumor growth are associated with chronic inflammation and the host immune system. Here, we investigated the clinical significance and relationship between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and hematologic parameters in patients with breast cancer. METHODS Invasive ductal breast cancer patients (N = 145) who underwent surgery were retrospectively evaluated. Samples were obtained using a core needle biopsy for CD8+, FOXP3+ TIL assessment. Blood lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets were obtained by peripheral venous punctures. RESULTS CD8 + TILs were significantly associated with absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and the absolute monocyte count (AMC). Low LMR (ALC/AMC) (cut-off - 5.3, range = 0.73-12.31) was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (p = 0.010), disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.005). However, in subgroup analysis, LMR did not have any value as a prognostic factor in HER2-positive breast cancers. TILs had different prognostic impacts across breast cancer subtypes, although they were not statistically significant. The treatment response after NAC tended to improve in breast cancer patients with high FOXP3+ TILs, low NLR (neutrophil count/ALC) (FOXP3 p for trend = 0.006, NLR p for trend = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS A relevance between TILs and hematologic parameters in breast cancer was demonstrated. The influence of the immune system on breast cancer progression may differ by subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
| | - Ji Sup Yun
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
| | - Yong Lai Park
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
| | - Sung-Im Do
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
| | - Seoung Wan Chae
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
| | - Chan Heun Park
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 South Korea
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Abubakar M, Sung H, Bcr D, Guida J, Tang TS, Pfeiffer RM, Yang XR. Breast cancer risk factors, survival and recurrence, and tumor molecular subtype: analysis of 3012 women from an indigenous Asian population. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:114. [PMID: 30227867 PMCID: PMC6145192 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence, mostly from studies in Western populations, suggests that the prognostic effects of lifestyle-related risk factors may be molecular subtype-dependent. Here, we examined whether pre-diagnostic lifestyle-related risk factors for breast cancer are associated with clinical outcomes by molecular subtype among patients from an understudied Asian population. METHODS In this population-based case series, we evaluated breast cancer risk factors in relation to 10-year all-cause mortality (ACM) and 5-year recurrence by molecular subtype among 3012 women with invasive breast cancer in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 579 deaths and 314 recurrence events occurred during a median follow-up period of ~ 24 months. Subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-like, HER2-enriched, triple-negative) were defined using immunohistochemical markers for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in conjunction with histologic grade. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between risk factors and ACM/recurrence were estimated in subtype-specific Cox regression models. RESULTS We observed heterogeneity in the relationships between parity/breastfeeding, age at first full-term pregnancy (FFP), family history, body mass index (BMI), and tumor subtype (p value < 0.05). Among luminal A-like patients only, older age at menarche [HR (95% CI) ≥15 vs ≤ 12 years = 2.28 (1.05, 4.95)] and being underweight [HRBMI < 18.5kg/m2vs. 18.5-24.9kg/m2 = 3.46 (1.21, 9.89)] or overweight [HR25-29.9kg/m2vs. 18.5-24.9kg/m2= 3.14 (1.04, 9.50)] were associated with adverse prognosis, while parity/breastfeeding [HRbreastfeeding vs nulliparity = 0.48 (0.27, 0.85)] and older age at FFP [HR > 30 vs < 21 years = 0.20 (0.04, 0.90)] were associated with good prognosis. For these women, the addition of age at menarche, parity/breastfeeding, and BMI, provided significantly better fit to a prognostic model containing standard clinicopathological factors alone [LRχ2 (8df) = 21.78; p value = 0.005]. Overall, the results were similar in relation to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that breastfeeding and BMI were associated with prognosis only among women with luminal A-like breast cancer is consistent with those from previously published data in Western populations. Further prospective studies will be needed to clarify the role of lifestyle modification, especially changes in BMI, in improving clinical outcomes for women with luminal A-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Abubakar
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Hyuna Sung
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Devi Bcr
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Palliative Care, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Guida
- Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tieng Swee Tang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Palliative Care, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Potharaju M, Mangaleswaran B, Mathavan A, John R, Thamburaj V, Ghosh S, Ganesh S, Kalvakonda C, Loganathan M, Bapu S, Devi R, Verma RS. Body Mass Index as a Prognostic Marker in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Clinical Outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 102:204-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abubakar M, Chang‐Claude J, Ali HR, Chatterjee N, Coulson P, Daley F, Blows F, Benitez J, Milne RL, Brenner H, Stegmaier C, Mannermaa A, Rudolph A, Sinn P, Couch FJ, Devilee P, Tollenaar RA, Seynaeve C, Figueroa J, Lissowska J, Hewitt S, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Foekens R, Koppert LB, Investigators KC, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, Keeman R, Easton DF, Swerdlow AJ, Sherman ME, Schmidt MK, Pharoah PD, Garcia‐Closas M. Etiology of hormone receptor positive breast cancer differs by levels of histologic grade and proliferation. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:746-757. [PMID: 29492969 PMCID: PMC6041155 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited epidemiological evidence suggests that the etiology of hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer may differ by levels of histologic grade and proliferation. We pooled risk factor and pathology data on 5,905 HR+ breast cancer cases and 26,281 controls from 11 epidemiological studies. Proliferation was determined by centralized automated measures of KI67 in tissue microarrays. Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-values for case-case and case-control comparisons for risk factors in relation to levels of grade and quartiles (Q1-Q4) of KI67 were estimated using polytomous logistic regression models. Case-case comparisons showed associations between nulliparity and high KI67 [OR (95% CI) for Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.54 (1.22, 1.95)]; obesity and high grade [grade 3 vs. 1 = 1.68 (1.31, 2.16)] and current use of combined hormone therapy (HT) and low grade [grade 3 vs. 1 = 0.27 (0.16, 0.44)] tumors. In case-control comparisons, nulliparity was associated with elevated risk of tumors with high but not low levels of proliferation [1.43 (1.14, 1.81) for KI67 Q4 vs. 0.83 (0.60, 1.14) for KI67 Q1]; obesity among women ≥50 years with high but not low grade tumors [1.55 (1.17, 2.06) for grade 3 vs. 0.88 (0.66, 1.16) for grade 1] and HT with low but not high grade tumors [3.07 (2.22, 4.23) for grade 1 vs. 0.85 (0.55, 1.30) for grade 3]. Menarcheal age and family history were similarly associated with HR+ tumors of different grade or KI67 levels. These findings provide insights into the etiologic heterogeneity of HR+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Abubakar
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthRockvilleMD
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - H. Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of BiostatisticsBloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Penny Coulson
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Frances Daley
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research CentreThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Fiona Blows
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)ValenciaSpain
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and BiostatisticsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Preventive OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of MedicineInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Imaging CenterKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Sinn
- Department of PathologyInstitute of Pathology, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics & Department of PathologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical OncologyFamily Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of EdinburghScotlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionM. Sklodowska‐Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Stephen Hewitt
- Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthRockvilleMD
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical OncologyFamily Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical OncologyFamily Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renée Foekens
- Department of Medical OncologyFamily Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Linetta B. Koppert
- Department of Surgical OncologyErasmus MC Cancer InstituteRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - kConFab Investigators
- Research DepartmentPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology University of Melbourne, ParkvilleMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Jones
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Minouk J. Schoemaker
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Renske Keeman
- Division of Molecular PathologyNetherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and EpidemiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
- Division of Breast Cancer ResearchThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Sherman
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences ResearchMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Division of Psychosocial Research and EpidemiologyNetherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul D. Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic EpidemiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Montserrat Garcia‐Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthRockvilleMD
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Andrieu GP, Shafran JS, Deeney JT, Bharadwaj KR, Rangarajan A, Denis GV. BET proteins in abnormal metabolism, inflammation, and the breast cancer microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:265-274. [PMID: 29493812 PMCID: PMC6134394 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri0917-380rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated pathology Type 2 diabetes are two chronic metabolic and inflammatory diseases that promote breast cancer progression, metastasis, and poor outcomes. Emerging critical opinion considers unresolved inflammation and abnormal metabolism separately from obesity; settings where they do not co-occur can inform disease mechanism. In breast cancer, the tumor microenvironment is often infiltrated with T effector and T regulatory cells programmed by metabolic signaling. The pathways by which tumor cells evade immune surveillance, immune therapies, and take advantage of antitumor immunity are poorly understood, but likely depend on metabolic inflammation in the microenvironment. Immune functions are abnormal in metabolic disease, and lessons learned from preclinical studies in lean and metabolically normal environments may not translate to patients with obesity and metabolic disease. This problem is made more urgent by the rising incidence of breast cancer among women who are not obese but who have metabolic disease and associated inflammation, a phenotype common in Asia. The somatic BET proteins, comprising BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, are new critical regulators of metabolism, coactivate transcription of genes that encode proinflammatory cytokines in immune cell subsets infiltrating the microenvironment, and could be important targets in breast cancer immunotherapy. These transcriptional coregulators are well known to regulate tumor cell progression, but only recently identified as critical for metabolism, metastasis, and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. We consider interrelationships among metabolism, inflammation, and breast cancer aggressiveness relevant to the emerging threat of breast cancer among women with metabolic disease, but without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan S. Shafran
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jude T. Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Obesity Research Center, Evans Biomedical Research Center; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kishan R. Bharadwaj
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Berger E, Delpierre C, Hosnijeh FS, Kelly-Irving M, Portengen L, Bergdahl IA, Johansson AS, Krogh V, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Kyrtopoulos SA, Vineis P, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vermeulen R, Castagné R. Association between low-grade inflammation and Breast cancer and B-cell Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: findings from two prospective cohorts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10805. [PMID: 30018397 PMCID: PMC6050323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation may be involved in cancer development and progression. Using 28 inflammatory-related proteins collected from prospective blood samples from two case-control studies nested in the Italian component of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (n = 261) and in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (n = 402), we tested the hypothesis that an inflammatory score is associated with breast cancer (BC) and Β-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-cell NHL, including 68 multiple myeloma cases) onset. We modelled the relationship between this inflammatory score and the two cancers studied: (BC and B-cell NHL) using generalised linear models, and assessed, through adjustments the role of behaviours and lifestyle factors. Analyses were performed by cancer types pooling both populations, and stratified by cohorts, and time to diagnosis. Our results suggested a lower inflammatory score in B-cell NHL cases (β = -1.28, p = 0.012), and, to lesser, extent with BC (β = -0.96, p = 0.33) compared to controls, mainly driven by cancer cases diagnosed less than 6 years after enrolment. These associations were not affected by subsequent adjustments for potential intermediate confounders, notably behaviours. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our findings were not affected by the way the inflammatory score was calculated. These observations call for further studies involving larger populations, larger variety of cancer types and repeated measures of larger panel of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Berger
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrille Delpierre
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatemeh Saberi Hosnijeh
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Immunology Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lutzen Portengen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Fondazione IRCCS- Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica (ISPO Toscana), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer registry and Histopathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Civile -M.P.Arezzo', Ragusa, Italy
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raphaële Castagné
- LEASP, UMR 1027, Inserm-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College, London, London, UK.
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Khadge S, Thiele GM, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Klassen LW, Black PN, DiRusso CC, Talmadge JE. Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Mammary Gland Composition and Inflammation. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:43-58. [PMID: 29574638 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodents have shown that dietary modifications as mammary glands (MG) develop, regulates susceptibility to mammary tumor initiation. However, the effects of dietary PUFA composition on MGs in adult life, remains poorly understood. This study investigated morphological alterations and inflammatory microenvironments in the MGs of adult mice fed isocaloric and isolipidic liquid diets with varying compositions of omega (ω)-6 and long-chain (Lc)-ω3FA that were pair-fed. Despite similar consumption levels of the diets, mice fed the ω-3 diet had significantly lower body-weight gains, and abdominal-fat and mammary fat pad (MFP) weights. Fatty acid analysis showed significantly higher levels of Lc-ω-3FAs in the MFPs of mice on the ω-3 diet, while in the MFPs from the ω-6 group, Lc-ω-3FAs were undetectable. Our study revealed that MGs from ω-3 group had a significantly lower ductal end-point density, branching density, an absence of ductal sprouts, a thinner ductal stroma, fewer proliferating epithelial cells and a lower transcription levels of estrogen receptor 1 and amphiregulin. An analysis of the MFP and abdominal-fat showed significantly smaller adipocytes in the ω-3 group, which was accompanied by lower transcription levels of leptin, IGF1, and IGF1R. Further, MFPs from the ω-3 group had significantly decreased numbers and sizes of crown-like-structures (CLS), F4/80+ macrophages and decreased expression of proinflammatory mediators including Ptgs2, IL6, CCL2, TNFα, NFκB, and IFNγ. Together, these results support dietary Lc-ω-3FA regulation of MG structure and density and adipose tissue inflammation with the potential for dietary Lc-ω-3FA to decrease the risk of mammary gland tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lynell W Klassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Gérard C, Brown KA. Obesity and breast cancer - Role of estrogens and the molecular underpinnings of aromatase regulation in breast adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 466:15-30. [PMID: 28919302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One in eight women will develop breast cancer over their lifetime making it the most common female cancer. The cause of breast cancer is multifactorial and includes hormonal, genetic and environmental cues. Obesity is now an accepted risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, particularly for the hormone-dependent subtype of breast cancer. Obesity, which is characterized by an excess accumulation of body fat, is at the origin of chronic inflammation of white adipose tissue and is associated with dramatic changes in the biology of adipocytes leading to their dysfunction. Inflammatory factors found in the breast of obese women considerably impact estrogen signaling, mainly by driving changes in aromatase expression the enzyme responsible for estrogen production, and therefore promote tumor formation and progression. There is thus a strong link between adipose inflammation and estrogen biosynthesis and their signaling pathways converge in obese patients. This review describes how obesity-related factors can affect the risk of hormone-dependent breast cancer, highlighting the different molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways involved in aromatase regulation, estrogen production and breast malignancy in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Gérard
- Metabolism & Cancer Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Metabolism & Cancer Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Nikodemova M, Yee J, Carney PR, Bradfield CA, Malecki KM. Transcriptional differences between smokers and non-smokers and variance by obesity as a risk factor for human sensitivity to environmental exposures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:249-258. [PMID: 29459183 PMCID: PMC5866236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been shown to alter response to air pollution and smoking but underlying biological mechanisms are largely unknown and few studies have explored mechanisms by which obesity increases human sensitivity to environmental exposures. OBJECTIVE Overall study goals were to investigate whole blood gene expression in smokers and non-smokers to examine associations between cigarette smoke and changes in gene expression by obesity status and test for effect modification. METHODS Relative fold-change in mRNA expression levels of 84 genes were analyzed using a Toxicity and Stress PCR array among 50 21-54 year old adults. Data on smoking status was confirmed using urinary cotinine levels. Adjusted models included age, gender, white blood cell count and body-mass index. RESULTS Models comparing gene expression of smokers vs. non-smokers identified six differentially expressed genes associated with smoking after adjustments for covariates. Obesity was associated with 29 genes differentially expressed compared to non-obese. We also identified 9 genes with significant smoking/obesity interactions influencing mRNA levels in adjusted models comparing expression between smokers vs non-smokers for four DNA damage related genes (GADD45A, DDB2, RAD51 and P53), two oxidative stress genes (FTH1, TXN), two hypoxia response genes (BN1P3lL, ARNT), and one gene associated with unfolded protein response (ATF6B). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that obesity alters human sensitivity to smoke exposures through several biological pathways by modifying gene expression. Additional studies are needed to fully understand the clinical impact of these effects, but risk assessments should consider underlying phenotypes, such as obesity, that may modulate sensitivity of vulnerable populations to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikodemova
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeremiah Yee
- The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Patrick R Carney
- The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristen Mc Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
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Beguinot M, Dauplat MM, Kwiatkowski F, Lebouedec G, Tixier L, Pomel C, Penault-Llorca F, Radosevic-Robin N. Analysis of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes reveals two new biologically different subgroups of breast ductal carcinoma in situ. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:129. [PMID: 29394917 PMCID: PMC5797400 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been demonstrated to significantly influence prognosis and response to therapy of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Thus, it has been suggested that TIL density or/and immunophenotype could serve as biomarkers for selection of IBC patients for immunotherapy. However, much less is known about significance of TILs in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods We retrospectively investigated TIL density and immunophenotype in 96 pure DCIS and 35 microinvasive carcinomas (miCa). TIL density was assessed on H&E-stained breast biopsy sections as the percentage of tumour stromal area occupied by TILs, and classified into 4 grades: 0 (0%–9%), 1 (10–29%), 2 (30–49%) and 3 (50%–100%). TIL immunophenotype was assessed by immunohistochemistry for CD8, CD4, FoxP3, CD38 or CD20. Results Compared to pure DCIS, miCa contained significantly more cases with TIL density grade 3 (p = 0.028). Concordantly, CD8+, CD4+ and CD38+ cells were more numerous in miCa than in pure DCIS. In the pure DCIS subgroup with TIL density grades 2 and 3, all TIL subpopulations were more numerous than in the pure DCIS with TIL density grades 0 and 1, however the ratio between T-lymphocytes (CD8+ and CD4+) and B-lymphocytes (CD20+) was significantly lower (p = 0.029). On the other side, this ratio was significantly higher in miCa, in comparison with pure DCIS having TIL density grades 2 and 3 (p = 0.017). By cluster analysis of tumour cell pathobiological features we demonstrated similarity between miCa and the pure DCIS with TIL density grades 2 and 3. The only significant difference between those two categories was in the ratio of T- to B-TILs, higher in miCa. Conclusion Results indicate that TIL density level can distinguish 2 biologically different DCIS subgroups, one of which (DCIS with ≥30% TILs, the TIL-rich DCIS) is like miCa. Similarity of TIL-rich pure DCIS and miCa as well as the role of B-lymphocytes in DCIS invasiveness are worth further investigating with regards to the potential development of immunotherapy-based prevention of DCIS progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4013-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beguinot
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Master Program « Biology & Health », University Paris-East Val-de-Marne (UPEC), 61 avenue du General de Gaulle, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Marie-Melanie Dauplat
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Present Address: Department of Pathology, Paoli-Calmettes Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 232 boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseilles, France
| | - Fabrice Kwiatkowski
- Department of Clinical Research, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1240, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Lebouedec
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lucie Tixier
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1240, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Pomel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1240, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1240, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nina Radosevic-Robin
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Biopathology, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, BP392, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,University Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1240, Jean Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Lee KH, Seok EY, Kim EY, Yun JS, Park YL, Park CH. Different prognostic values of individual hematologic parameters in papillary thyroid cancer due to age-related changes in immunity. Ann Surg Treat Res 2018; 96:70-77. [PMID: 30746354 PMCID: PMC6358596 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.96.2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have reported the plausible association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but the results are inconsistent. In PTC, chronic inflammation is closely related to tumor progression, and the age of the patient has a great influence on prognosis. Therefore, considering the changes in the immune system with aging, we classified the patients according to age and assessed the prognostic value of individual hematologic parameters. Methods This retrospective analysis included 1,921 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for PTC. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on their age: Y-group (age < 45) and O-group (age ≥ 45). Blood counts were measured within 14 days before surgery. Results The Y-group consisted of 914 patients aged < 45 years and the O-group consisted of 932 patients aged ≥ 45. In both groups, the common prognostic factors related to disease recurrence were only 6 or more metastatic lymph node and grossly extrathyroidal extension, and hematologic parameters were different between the 2 groups. High Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the Y-group and high NLR in the O-group were identified as independent predictors of disease recurrence (NLR: hazard ratio [HR], 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–8.73; P = 0.018; PLR: HR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.26–7.52; P = 0.014). Conclusion The results suggest that changes in immunity with aging may affect prognosis in patients with PTC, and thus hematologic parameters might be employed as prognostic markers depending on the age of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Seok
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Sup Yun
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Lai Park
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Heun Park
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Obesity alters the lung myeloid cell landscape to enhance breast cancer metastasis through IL5 and GM-CSF. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:974-987. [PMID: 28737771 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, which can disrupt homeostasis within tissue microenvironments. Given the correlation between obesity and relative risk of death from cancer, we investigated whether obesity-associated inflammation promotes metastatic progression. We demonstrate that obesity causes lung neutrophilia in otherwise normal mice, which is further exacerbated by the presence of a primary tumour. The increase in lung neutrophils translates to increased breast cancer metastasis to this site, in a GM-CSF- and IL5-dependent manner. Importantly, weight loss is sufficient to reverse this effect, and reduce serum levels of GM-CSF and IL5 in both mouse models and humans. Our data indicate that special consideration of the obese patient population is critical for effective management of cancer progression.
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Tousian Shandiz H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of Garcinia mangostana and its Xanthones in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1173-1182. [PMID: 28656594 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is coexistence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and their complications, low quality and short lifespan. Garcinia mangostana and its xanthones such as α-mangostin have been shown desirable effects such as anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory effects in experimental studies. Various databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with keywords of 'Garcinia mangostana', 'mangosteen', 'α-mangostin', 'metabolic syndrome', 'hypoglycemic', 'antihyperglicemic', 'antidiabetic', 'hypotensive', 'antihypertensive', 'atherosclerosis', 'arteriosclerosis' and 'hyperlipidemia' have been investigated in this search without publication time limitation. This study reviewed all pharmacological effects and molecular pathways of G. mangostana and its xanthones in the management of metabolic syndrome and its complications in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Based on these studies, mangosteen and its xanthones have good potential to design human studies for controlling and modification of metabolic syndrome and its related disorders such as obesity, disrupted lipid profile, diabetes and its complications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Interaction of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin resistance-related genetic variants with lifestyle factors on postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:475-495. [PMID: 28478612 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants and traits in metabolic signaling pathways may interact with obesity, physical activity, and exogenous estrogen (E), influencing postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but these inter-related pathways are incompletely understood. METHODS We used 75 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/insulin resistance (IR) traits and signaling pathways, and data from 1003 postmenopausal women in Women's Health Initiative Observation ancillary studies. Stratifying via obesity and lifestyle modifiers, we assessed the role of IGF-I/IR traits (fasting IGF-I, IGF-binding protein 3, insulin, glucose, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) in breast cancer risk as a mediator or influencing factor. RESULTS Seven SNPs in IGF-I and INS genes were associated with breast cancer risk. These associations differed between non-obese/active and obese/inactive women and between exogenous E non-users and users. The mediation effects of IGF-I/IR traits on the relationship between these SNPs and cancer differed between strata, but only roughly 35% of the cancer risk due to the SNPs was mediated by traits. Similarly, carriers of 20 SNPs in PIK3R1, AKT1/2, and MAPK1 genes (signaling pathways-genetic variants) had different associations with breast cancer between strata, and the proportion of the SNP-cancer relationship explained by traits varied 45-50% between the strata. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IGF-I/IR genetic variants interact with obesity and lifestyle factors, altering cancer risk partially through pathways other than IGF-I/IR traits. Unraveling gene-phenotype-lifestyle interactions will provide data on potential genetic targets in clinical trials for cancer prevention and intervention strategies to reduce breast cancer risk.
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Vaysse C, Lømo J, Garred Ø, Fjeldheim F, Lofteroed T, Schlichting E, McTiernan A, Frydenberg H, Husøy A, Lundgren S, Fagerland MW, Richardsen E, Wist EA, Muller C, Thune I. Inflammation of mammary adipose tissue occurs in overweight and obese patients exhibiting early-stage breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28649659 PMCID: PMC5460134 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-017-0015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that adiposity is associated with breast cancer risk and negatively affects breast cancer recurrence and survival, a paracrine role of mammary adipose tissue being very likely in this process. In contrast to other adipose depots, occurrence of a sub-inflammatory state of mammary adipose tissue defined by dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages forming crown-like structures in overweight and obese subjects, remains only partially described. In a general population of breast cancer patients (107 patients) mostly undergoing breast-conserving surgery, we found a positive association between patient's body composition, breast adipocytes size, and presence of crown-like structures in mammary adipose tissue close to the tumor. Overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) patients have 3.2 and 6.9 times higher odds ratio of crown-like structures respectively, compared with normal weight patients. The relatively small increase in adipocyte size in crown-like structures positive vs. negative patients suggests that mammary adipose tissue inflammation might occur early during hypertrophy. Our results further highlight that body mass index is an adequate predictor of the presence of crown-like structures in mammary adipose tissue among postmenopausal women, whereas in premenopausal women truncal fat percentage might be more predictive, suggesting that mammary adipose tissue inflammation is more likely to occur in patients exhibiting visceral obesity. Finally, the presence of crown-like structures was positively associated with systemic markers such as the Triglyceride/High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio serum C-reactive protein and glucose/(HbA1c) glycated Haemoglobin. These compelling results demonstrate that excess adiposity, even in overweight patients, is associated with mammary adipose tissue inflammation, an event that could contribute to breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vaysse
- The Cancer Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jon Lømo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Garred
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frøydis Fjeldheim
- The Cancer Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Lofteroed
- The Cancer Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Schlichting
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - Anders Husøy
- The Cancer Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Lundgren
- Department of Oncology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten W Fagerland
- Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Department of Clinical Pathology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, University of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erik A Wist
- The Cancer Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Inger Thune
- The Cancer Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Ke JY, Banh T, Hsiao YH, Cole RM, Straka SR, Yee LD, Belury MA. Citrus flavonoid naringenin reduces mammary tumor cell viability, adipose mass, and adipose inflammation in obese ovariectomized mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28370954 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity-related metabolic dysregulation may be a link between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer. Naringenin, a flavonoid abundant in grapefruits, displays beneficial effects on metabolic health and tumorigenesis. Here, we assessed the effects of naringenin on mammary tumor cell growth in vitro and in obese ovariectomized mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Naringenin inhibited cell growth, increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), down-regulated CyclinD1 expression, and induced cell death in E0771 mammary tumor cells. Obese ovariectomized mice were fed a high-fat (HF), high-fat diet with low naringenin (LN; 1% naringenin) or high-fat diet with high naringenin (HN; 3% naringenin) for 2 weeks and then implanted with E0771 cells in mammary adipose tissue. Three weeks after tumor cell implantation, naringenin accumulation in tumor was higher than that in mammary adipose tissue in HN mice. HN decreased body weight, adipose mass, adipocyte size, α-smooth muscle actin mRNA in mammary adipose tissue, and mRNA of inflammatory cytokines in both mammary and perigonadal adipose tissues. Compared with mice fed HF diet, HN delayed growth of tumors early but did not alter final tumor weight. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces adiposity and ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation, with a moderate inhibitory effect on tumor growth in obese ovariectomized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Ke
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The OSU Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Taylor Banh
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The OSU Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yung-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shana R Straka
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa D Yee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Nutrition program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The OSU Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Jung SY, Sobel EM, Papp JC, Zhang ZF. Effect of genetic variants and traits related to glucose metabolism and their interaction with obesity on breast and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal women. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:290. [PMID: 28446149 PMCID: PMC5405540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired glucose metabolism-related genetic variants and traits likely interact with obesity and related lifestyle factors, influencing postmenopausal breast and colorectal cancer (CRC), but their interconnected pathways are not fully understood. By stratifying via obesity and lifestyles, we partitioned the total effect of glucose metabolism genetic variants on cancer risk into two putative mechanisms: 1) indirect (risk-associated glucose metabolism genetic variants mediated by glucose metabolism traits) and 2) direct (risk-associated glucose metabolism genetic variants through pathways other than glucose metabolism traits) effects. METHOD Using 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with glucose metabolism and data from 5379 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Harmonized and Imputed Genome-Wide Association Studies, we retrospectively assessed the indirect and direct effects of glucose metabolism-traits (fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) using two quantitative tests. RESULTS Several SNPs were associated with breast cancer and CRC risk, and these SNP-cancer associations differed between non-obese and obese women. In both strata, the direct effect of cancer risk associated with the SNP accounted for the majority of the total effect for most SNPs, with roughly 10% of cancer risk due to the SNP that was from an indirect effect mediated by glucose metabolism traits. No apparent differences in the indirect (glucose metabolism-mediated) effects were seen between non-obese and obese women. It is notable that among obese women, 50% of cancer risk was mediated via glucose metabolism trait, owing to two SNPs: in breast cancer, in relation to GCKR through glucose, and in CRC, in relation to DGKB/TMEM195 through HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that glucose metabolism genetic variants interact with obesity, resulting in altered cancer risk through pathways other than those mediated by glucose metabolism traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, 700 Tiverton Ave, 3-264 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Eric M Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeanette C Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Combined effect of aerobic interval training and selenium nanoparticles on expression of IL-15 and IL-10/TNF-α ratio in skeletal muscle of 4T1 breast cancer mice with cachexia. Cytokine 2017; 90:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Engin A. Obesity-associated Breast Cancer: Analysis of risk factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:571-606. [PMID: 28585217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies show that a significantly stronger association is obvious between increased body mass index (BMI) and higher breast cancer incidence. Furthermore, obese women are at higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality when compared to non-obese women with breast cancer. In this context, increased levels of estrogens due to excessive aromatization activity of the adipose tissue, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) pathways, adipocyte-derived adipokines, hypercholesterolemia and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the development of breast cancer in obese women. While higher breast cancer risk with hormone replacement therapy is particularly evident among lean women, in postmenopausal women who are not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor for breast cancer. Moreover, increased plasma cholesterol leads to accelerated tumor formation and exacerbates their aggressiveness. In contrast to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with high BMI are inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Nevertheless, life-style of women for breast cancer risk is regulated by avoiding the overweight and a high-fat diet. Estrogen-plus-progestin hormone therapy users for more than 5 years have elevated risks of both invasive ductal and lobular breast cancer. Additionally, these cases are more commonly node-positive and have a higher cancer-related mortality. Collectively, in this chapter, the impacts of obesity-related estrogen, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, aromatase activity, leptin and insulin resistance on breast cancer patients are evaluated. Obesity-related prognostic factors of breast cancer also are discussed at molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. .,, Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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