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Li C, Cai R, Shi W, Zhang H, Liu Z, Xie F, Chen Y, Hong Q. Comparative transcriptome analysis of ovaries and testes reveals sex-biased genes and pathways in zebrafish. Gene 2024; 901:148176. [PMID: 38242380 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a widely recognized and extensively studied model organism in scientific research. The regulatory mechanism of gonadal development and differentiation of this species has aroused considerable attention. Nonetheless, the major sex-biased genes and pathways associated with gonadal development remain elusive. Therefore, to comprehend this intricate process, gonadal transcriptome sequencing was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the testes and ovaries of adult zebrafish. The preliminary assessment yielded a total of 23,529,272 and 23,521,368 clean reads from the cDNA libraries of ovaries and testes. Afterward, a comparative analysis of the transcriptome revealed 3,604 upregulated and 11,371 downregulated DEGs in the ovaries compared to the testes. Of these genes, 428 were exclusively expressed in females, while 3,516 were exclusively expressed in males. Additionally, further assessments were conducted to explore the functions associated with these DEGs in various biological processes. The data revealed their involvement in sex-biased pathways, such as progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, oocyte meiosis, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and cardiac muscle contraction. Finally, the expression levels of 14 sex-biased DEGs (cdc20, ccnb1, ypel3, chn1, bmp15, rspo1, tnfsf10, egfra, acta2, cox8a, gsdf, dmrt1, star, and cyp17a1) associated with the enriched pathways were subjected to further validation through qRT-PCR. The data acquired from these investigations offer valuable resources to support further exploration of the mechanisms governing sexual dimorphism and gonadal development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wenhui Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fenfen Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yuanhua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Qiang Hong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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2
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Ruppert PMM, Kersten S. Mechanisms of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during fasting. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:107-124. [PMID: 37940485 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fasting is part of many weight management and health-boosting regimens. Fasting causes substantial metabolic adaptations in the liver that include the stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. The induction of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during fasting is mainly driven by interrelated changes in plasma levels of various hormones and an increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and is mediated transcriptionally by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, supported by CREB3L3 (cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 like 3). Compared with men, women exhibit higher ketone levels during fasting, likely due to higher NEFA availability, suggesting that the metabolic response to fasting shows sexual dimorphism. Here, we synthesize the current molecular knowledge on the impact of fasting on hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M M Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 C Odense, Denmark
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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3
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Dhar I, Lysne V, Ulvik A, Svingen GFT, Pedersen ER, Bjørnestad EØ, Olsen T, Borsholm R, Laupsa-Borge J, Ueland PM, Tell GS, Berge RK, Mellgren G, Bønaa KH, Nygård OK. Plasma methylmalonic acid predicts risk of acute myocardial infarction and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: A prospective 2-cohort study. J Intern Med 2023; 293:508-519. [PMID: 36682040 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) is reported in patients with established coronary heart disease (CHD) and is considered a marker of vitamin B12 deficiency. Moreover, MMA-dependent reactions have been linked to alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism and oxidative stress, key features in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). OBJECTIVES We examined whether plasma MMA prospectively predicted the long-term risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Cox modeling, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for endpoints according to per 1-SD increment of log-transformed plasma MMA in two independent populations: the Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort (WECAC) (patients evaluated for CHD; n = 4137) and the Norwegian Vitamin Trial (NORVIT) (patients hospitalized with AMI; n = 3525). In WECAC and NORVIT, 12.8% and 18.0% experienced an AMI, whereas 21.8% and 19.9% died, of whom 45.5% and 60.3% from CVD-related causes during follow-up (range 3-11 years), respectively. In WECAC, age- and gender-adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) were 1.18 (1.09-1.28), 1.25 (1.18-1.33), and 1.28 (1.17-1.40) for future AMI, total mortality, and CVD mortality, respectively. Corresponding risk estimates were 1.19 (1.10-1.28), 1.22 (1.14-1.31), and 1.30 (1.19-1.42) in NORVIT. These estimates were only slightly attenuated after multivariable adjustments. Across both cohorts, the MMA-risk association was stronger in older adults, women, and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Elevated MMA was associated with an increased risk of AMI and mortality in patients with suspected or verified CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Dhar
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Espen Ø Bjørnestad
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Borsholm
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johnny Laupsa-Borge
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaare H Bønaa
- Department of Circulation and medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic for Heart Diseases, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ottar K Nygård
- Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Has a Protective Effect on Fatty Liver Caused by Excessive Sucrose Intake. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092199. [PMID: 36140300 PMCID: PMC9496554 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c is a transcription factor that regulates lipid synthesis from glucose in the liver. It is activated by sucrose, which activates the fatty acid synthesis pathway. On the other hand, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α regulates the transcription of several genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver. To evaluate the beneficial effects of PPARα on fatty liver caused by excessive sucrose intake, we investigated the molecular mechanisms related to the development of fatty liver in PPARα-deficient mice that were fed a high-sucrose diet (Suc). The SREBP-1c target gene expression was increased by sucrose intake, leading to the development of fatty liver. Furthermore, PPARα−/− mice developed severe fatty liver. Male and female PPARα−/− mice fed Suc showed 3.7- and 3.1-fold higher liver fat content than Suc-fed male and female wild-type mice, respectively. Thus, PPARα may work to prevent the development of fatty liver caused by excessive sucrose intake. Liver TG accumulation differed between male and female PPARα−/− mice. A possible explanation is that male mice show the increased expression of Pparγ, which usually contributes to triglyceride synthesis in the liver, to compensate for Pparα deficiency. In contrast, female wild-type mice inherently have low Pparα levels. Thus, Pparα deficiency has less pronounced effects in female mice. A diet that activates PPARα may be effective for preventing the development of fatty liver due to excessive sucrose intake.
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5
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Braga Tibaes JR, Azarcoya-Barrera J, Wollin B, Veida-Silva H, Makarowski A, Vine D, Tsai S, Jacobs R, Richard C. Sex Differences Distinctly Impact High-Fat Diet-Induced Immune Dysfunction in Wistar Rats. J Nutr 2022; 152:1347-1357. [PMID: 35102397 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune function is altered during obesity. Moreover, males and females across different species demonstrate distinct susceptibility to several diseases. However, less is known regarding the interplay between high-fat diet (HFD) and sex in the context of immune function. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine sex differences on immune function in response to an HFD compared with a control low-fat diet (LFD) in Wistar rats. METHODS At 5 wk of age, male and female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 diets for 9 wk: ad libitum control LFD (20 kcal% fat, 53 kcal% carbohydrate, and 27 kcal% protein) or HFD (50 kcal% fat, 23 kcal% carbohydrate, and 27 kcal% protein). At 13 wk of age, rats were killed and splenocytes were isolated. Immune cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Immune cell function was determined by measuring the ex vivo cytokine production following stimulation with mitogens. Two-factor ANOVA was used to assess the main effect of sex, diet, and their interaction. RESULTS Males gained more weight than females (410 ± 46 vs. 219 ± 45 g), independently of diet (P-sex < 0.01). The HFD led to a lower production of IL-2 while increasing the production of IL-10 (both P-diet ≤ 0.05), independently of sex. HFD-fed females had increased production of cytokines (IL-2 and IL-6) after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin (PMA+I), as well as a higher T-helper (Th) 1:Th2 balance compared with HFD-fed males (all P < 0.05). Males fed the HFD had significantly lower production of IL-2 upon stimulation compared with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS Female Wistar rats developed a milder obesity phenotype and maintained enhanced cytokine production compared with males fed the HFD. Sex differences modulate immune function in the context of high-fat feeding and it should be considered in research design to establish personalized health-related recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessy Azarcoya-Barrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bethany Wollin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hellen Veida-Silva
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Makarowski
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna Vine
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - René Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Gao D, Zou Z, Li Y, Chen M, Ma Y, Chen L, Wang X, Yang Z, Dong Y, Ma J. Association between urinary phthalate metabolites and dyslipidemia in children: Results from a Chinese cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118632. [PMID: 34906593 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rising evidence of both experimental and epidemiological studies suggests that phthalate exposure may contribute to increased risks of metabolic disorders. But there is limited research on the childhood dyslipidemia. Our cohort study was conducted in Xiamen city, Fujian Province, China. A total of 829 children (mean age 8.5 years) were included with collection of urine, blood samples and demographic data in May 2018 and followed up once a year from 2018 to 2020. We performed adjusted log-binomial regressions to examine associations between sex-specific tertiles of seven phthalate metabolites and dyslipidemia in visit 1, as well as persistent dyslipidemia and occasional dyslipidemia. We also used generalized estimating equation models (GEE) to explore the relationships between log-transformed phthalate metabolites and lipid profiles. In adjusted models, the prevalence and RRs of dyslipidemia increased with tertile group of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), and summed di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) metabolites with a dose-response relationship in visit 1, as well as persistent dyslipidemia. Higher MnBP, ∑LMWP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and ∑DEHP concentrations were also associated with higher levels of log-transformed triglycerides (TG). Boys were more vulnerable to phthalates exposure than girls. In conclusion, children in China were widely exposed to phthalates, and phthalates exposure during childhood might significantly increase the risk of dyslipidemia and a higher level of lipid profiles, particularly in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Arora AS, Zafar S, Latif U, Llorens F, Sabine M, Kumar P, Tahir W, Thüne K, Shafiq M, Schmitz M, Zerr I. The role of cellular prion protein in lipid metabolism in the liver. Prion 2021; 14:95-108. [PMID: 32138593 PMCID: PMC7153832 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2020.1729074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a plasma membrane glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein and it is involved in multiple functions, including neuroprotection and oxidative stress. So far, most of the PrPC functional research is done in neuronal tissue or cell lines; the role of PrPC in non-neuronal tissues such as liver is only poorly understood. To characterize the role of PrPC in the liver, a proteomics approach was applied in the liver tissue of PrPC knockout mice. The proteome analysis and biochemical validations showed an excessive fat accumulation in the liver of PrPC knockout mice with a change in mRNA expression of genes linked to lipid metabolism. In addition, the higher Bax to Bcl2 ratio, up-regulation of tgfb1 mRNA expression in PrPC knockout mice liver, further showed the evidences of metabolic disease. Over-expression of PrPC in fatty acid-treated AML12 hepatic cell line caused a reduction in excessive intracellular fat accumulation; shows association of PrPC levels and lipid metabolism. Therefore, based on observation of excessive fat globules in the liver of ageing PrPC knockout mice and the reduction of fat accumulation in AML12 cell line with PrPC over-expression, the role of PrPC in lipid metabolism is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh Arora
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Umair Latif
- Departments of Gastroenterology Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Llorens
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet De Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mihm Sabine
- Departments of Gastroenterology Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Waqas Tahir
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Thüne
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center, University Medical Center Göttingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Jin T, Park EY, Kim B, Oh JK. Association between Blood Mercury Concentration and Prevalence of Borderline Hypercholesterolemia among Adolescents: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2013 and 2016. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100242. [PMID: 34678938 PMCID: PMC8539976 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on the association between blood mercury (Hg) concentration and the risk of borderline dyslipidemia in adolescents. Here, we investigated the association between blood Hg concentration and the prevalence of borderline dyslipidemia among Korean adolescents. A total of 1559 participants (806 boys and 753 girls) aged 10–18 years who cross-sectionally enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010–2013 and 2016 were included in this study. Hg concentrations (µg/L) in whole blood samples were measured. The geometric mean (GM) of the blood Hg concentration was 1.88 µg/L. It showed a 63% higher prevalence of borderline hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol (TC) 170–199 mg/dL) per unit of natural log-transformed blood Hg concentration in boys (95% CI = 1.10–2.41), but not in girls. When a categorical model was applied, the positive association with the prevalence of borderline hypercholesterolemia was also persistant in boys (OR (95% CI) for 2nd and 3rd tertiles (Hg concentration 1.532–11.761 µg/L) vs. 1st tertile (Hg concentration 0.192–1.531 µg/L): 1.92 (1.19–3.10)), but not in girls. This finding suggests that blood Hg concentration might result in a higher prevalence of borderline hypercholesterolemia among adolescents and more stringent public health actions should be taken for the reduction of Hg exposure to prevent dyslipidemia from early-childhood, despite the need of further study to evaluate a causal relationship between blood Hg concentration and the risk of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyue Jin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2930
| | - Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
| | - Jin-Kyoung Oh
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (T.J.); (B.K.); (J.-K.O.)
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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9
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Morán-Costoya A, Proenza AM, Gianotti M, Lladó I, Valle A. Sex Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Estrogen Influence on the Liver-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:753-774. [PMID: 33736456 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic and systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. Owing to the rising incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of NAFLD and its impact on global health care are expected to increase in the future. Differences in NAFLD exist between males and females, and among females depending on their reproductive status. Clinical and preclinical data show that females in the fertile age are more protected against NAFLD, and studies in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animal models support a protective role for estrogens. Recent Advances: An efficient crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue is necessary to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, protecting the liver from steatosis and insulin resistance contributing to NALFD. New advances in the knowledge of sexual dimorphism in liver and adipose tissue are providing interesting clues about the sex differences in NAFLD pathogenesis that could inspire new therapeutic strategies. Critical Issues: Sex hormones influence key master regulators of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in liver and adipose tissue. All these sex-biased metabolic adjustments shape the crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue, contributing to the higher protection of females to NAFLD. Future Directions: The development of novel drugs based on the protective action of estrogens, but without its feminizing or undesired side effects, might provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of NAFLD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 753-774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morán-Costoya
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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10
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PPARs in liver physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166097. [PMID: 33524529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and transcriptional modulators with crucial functions in hepatic and whole-body energy homeostasis. Besides their well-documented roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, emerging evidence also implicate PPARs in the control of other processes such as inflammatory responses. Recent technological advances, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, have allowed to unravel an unexpected complexity in the regulation of PPAR expression, activity and downstream signaling. Here we provide an overview of the latest advances in the study of PPARs in liver physiology, with a specific focus on formerly neglected aspects of PPAR regulation, such as tissular zonation, cellular heterogeneity, circadian rhythms, sexual dimorphism and species-specific features.
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11
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Ding Y, Xu T, Mao G, Chen Y, Qiu X, Yang L, Zhao T, Xu X, Feng W, Wu X. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced hepatotoxicity exacerbated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in female pubertal T2DM mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112003. [PMID: 33484791 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most common plasticizers, is closely associated with a high prevalence of pubertal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have indicated that DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity exhibits sex differences. In this study, the sex differences in the effect of DEHP on pubertal T2DM (P-T2DM) mice, the susceptibility of female P-T2DM mice to DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. DEHP exposure exacerbated metabolic disorders in female P-T2DM mice. Factorial analysis showed that female P-T2DM mice were more sensitive to DEHP exposure than female normal mice and male P-T2DM mice. It was determined by integrated biomarker response results that female P-T2DM mice had higher risks of developing T2DM, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular events and hepatotoxicity than male P-T2DM mice. Moreover, hepatic transcriptome analysis emphasized the effects of DEHP on the expression of oxidative injury- and metabolic function-related genes. Western blotting indicated that DEHP activated Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and impaired insulin sensitivity in the liver, which were the main causes of DEHP-exacerbated metabolic abnormalities in P-T2DM mice. Our study revealed that compared with normal mice and male P-T2DM mice, female P-T2DM mice tend to suffer from increased DEHP-induced metabolic toxicity, which was primarily attributed to hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Environmental health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Szilagyi JT, Avula V, Fry RC. Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Their Effects on the Placenta, Pregnancy, and Child Development: a Potential Mechanistic Role for Placental Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 7:222-230. [PMID: 32812200 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-020-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes studies highlighting perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their effects on the placenta, pregnancy outcomes, and child health. It highlights human population-based associations as well as in vitro-based experimental data to inform an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these health effects. Among the mechanisms by which PFAS may induce toxicity is via their interaction with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), nuclear receptors that regulate lipid metabolism and placental functions important to healthy pregnancies, as well as fetal and child development. RECENT FINDINGS In utero exposure to prevalent environmental contaminants such as PFAS is associated with negative health outcomes during pregnancy, birth outcomes, and later in life. Specifically, PFAS have been associated with increased incidence of gestational diabetes, childhood obesity, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. In terms of placental molecular mechanisms underlying these associations, studies demonstrate that PFAS interfere with trophoblast lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and invasion. Moreover these effects could be mediated in part by the interaction between PFAS and PPARs, as well as other biological mechanisms. This review summarizes how PFAS, critical environmental contaminants, may contribute to diseases of pregnancy as well as early and later child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vennela Avula
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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13
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Kupsco A, Wu H, Calafat AM, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Pantic I, Cantoral A, Tolentino M, Oken E, Braun JM, Deierlein AL, Wright RO, Téllez-Rojo MM, Baccarelli AA, Just AC. Prenatal maternal phthalate exposures and child lipid and adipokine levels at age six: A study from the PROGRESS cohort of Mexico City. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110341. [PMID: 33068586 PMCID: PMC7736226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal phthalate exposures may affect processes that underlie offspring cardiometabolic health, but findings from studies examining these associations are conflicting. We examined associations between biomarkers of phthalate exposures during pregnancy with child lipid and adipokine levels. METHODS Data were from 463 mother-child pairs in the PROGRESS cohort of Mexico City. We quantified 15 phthalate metabolites in 2nd and 3rd trimester maternal urine samples and created an average pregnancy measure using the geometric mean. We evaluated the 15 metabolites as nine biomarkers, including four metabolite molar sums. We measured fasting serum triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin in children at the six-year follow-up visit (mean = 6.8 years). We estimated associations using linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) and assessed effect modification by sex. RESULTS In BKMR and WQS models, higher concentrations of the total mixture of phthalate biomarkers were associated with lower triglycerides (β = -3.7% [-6.5, -0.78] per 1 unit increase in WQS biomarker index) and non-HDL cholesterol (β = -2.0 [-3.7, -0.25] ng/ml per increase in WQS biomarker index). Associations between individual biomarkers and child outcomes were largely null. We observed some evidence of effect modification by child sex for mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (β = 19.4% [1.26, 40.7] per doubling of phthalate) and monobenzyl phthalate (β = -7.6% [-14.4, -0.23]) in girls for adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Individual prenatal phthalate biomarkers were not associated with child lipid or adipokine levels. Contrary to our hypothesis, the total phthalate mixture was associated with lower child triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico
| | - Ivan Pantic
- National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrea L Deierlein
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Preidis GA, Soni KG, Suh JH, Halder T, Kim KH, Choi JM, Li F, Devaraj S, Conner ME, Coarfa C, Jung SY, Moore DD. Coagulopathy in Malnourished Mice Is Sexually Dimorphic and Regulated by Nutrient-Sensing Nuclear Receptors. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1835-1850. [PMID: 33305154 PMCID: PMC7706303 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction, including coagulopathy, is a prominent feature of protein-energy malnutrition. To identify mechanisms underlying malnutrition-associated coagulopathy, we administered a low-protein low-fat diet to lactating dams and examined hepatic transcription and plasma coagulation parameters in young adult weanlings. Malnutrition impacted body composition to a greater extent in male versus female mice. Transcriptional profiles suggested opposing effects of nutrient-sensing nuclear receptors, namely induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) targets and repression of farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) targets. Coagulopathy with decreased synthesis of fibrinogen-α (FGA) and factor 11 (F11) was observed in malnourished male animals but not female animals. In primary mouse hepatocytes, FXR agonist increased and PPARα agonist decreased Fga and F11 messenger RNA expression. Nuclear receptor DNA response elements were identified in the Fga and F11 gene regulatory regions, and opposing effects of FXR and PPARα were confirmed with luciferase assays. Unexpectedly, hepatic PPARα protein was markedly depleted in malnourished male liver and was not enriched on Fga or F11 response elements. Rather, there was loss of FXR binding at these response elements. Reduced PPARα protein was associated with loss of hepatocyte peroxisomes, which are necessary for bile acid biosynthesis, and with decreased concentrations of bile acids that function as FXR ligands, most notably the FXR agonist chenodeoxycholic acid. Conclusion: Malnutrition impairs growth and liver synthetic function more severely in male mice than in female mice. Malnourished male mice are coagulopathic and exhibit decreased hepatocyte peroxisomes, FXR agonist bile acids, FXR binding on Fga and F11 gene regulatory elements, and coagulation factor synthesis. These effects are absent in female mice, which have low baseline levels of PPARα, suggesting that nutrient-sensing nuclear receptors regulate coagulation factor synthesis in response to host nutritional status in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A. Preidis
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Krishnakant G. Soni
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Tripti Halder
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & NutritionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Advanced Technology CoreMass Spectrometry Proteomics CoreBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology and ImmunologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Margaret E. Conner
- Department of Molecular Virology and MicrobiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Advanced Technology CoreMass Spectrometry Proteomics CoreBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - David D. Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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15
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Sol CM, Santos S, Duijts L, Asimakopoulos AG, Martinez-Moral MP, Kannan K, Jaddoe VWV, Trasande L. Fetal phthalates and bisphenols and childhood lipid and glucose metabolism. A population-based prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106063. [PMID: 32889482 PMCID: PMC7572773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as phthalates and bisphenols may lead to developmental metabolic adaptations. We examined associations of maternal phthalate and bisphenol urine concentrations during pregnancy with lipids, insulin, and glucose concentrations at school age. METHODS In a population-based, prospective cohort study among 757 mother-child pairs, we measured maternal phthalate and bisphenol urine concentrations in first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. We measured non-fasting lipids, glucose and insulin blood concentrations of their children at a mean age of 9.7 (standard deviation 0.2) years. Analyses were performed for boys and girls separately. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) higher natural log transformed third trimester maternal urine phthalic acid concentration was associated with a 0.20 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.34) standard deviation score (SDS) higher triglycerides concentration among boys. Maternal bisphenol urine concentrations were not associated with non-fasting lipid concentrations during childhood. An IQR higher natural log transformed second trimester maternal high molecular weight phthalates (HMWP) and di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) urine concentration were associated with a 0.19 (95% CI 0.31-0.07) respectively 0.18 (95% CI 0.31-0.06) SDS lower glucose concentration among boys. An IQR higher natural log transformed third trimester maternal bisphenol F urine concentration was associated with a 0.22 (95% CI 0.35-0.09) SDS lower non-fasting insulin concentration among boys. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest potential persisting sex specific effects of fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols on childhood lipid concentrations and glucose metabolism. Future studies are needed for replication and exploring underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalana M Sol
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria-Pilar Martinez-Moral
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Paediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York City, NY 10016, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY 10016, USA.
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16
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Della Torre S. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572490. [PMID: 33071979 PMCID: PMC7531579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence supporting the interplay between metabolism and immune response, that have evolved in close relationship, sharing regulatory molecules and signaling systems, to support biological functions. Nowadays, the disruption of this interaction in the context of obesity and overnutrition underlies the increasing incidence of many inflammatory-based metabolic diseases, even in a sex-specific fashion. During evolution, the interplay between metabolism and reproduction has reached a degree of complexity particularly high in female mammals, likely to ensure reproduction only under favorable conditions. Several factors may account for differences in the incidence and progression of inflammatory-based metabolic diseases between females and males, thus contributing to age-related disease development and difference in life expectancy between the two sexes. Among these factors, estrogens, acting mainly through Estrogen Receptors (ERs), have been reported to regulate several metabolic pathways and inflammatory processes particularly in the liver, the metabolic organ showing the highest degree of sexual dimorphism. This review aims to investigate on the interaction between metabolism and inflammation in the liver, focusing on the relevance of estrogen signaling in counteracting the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a canonical example of metabolic inflammatory-based liver disease showing a sex-specific prevalence. Understanding the role of estrogens/ERs in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and inflammation may provide the basis for the development of sex-specific therapeutic strategies for the management of such an inflammatory-based metabolic disease and its cardio-metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Chen Y, Agellon LB. Distinct Alteration of Gene Expression Programs in the Small Intestine of Male and Female Mice in Response to Ablation of Intestinal Fabp Genes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080943. [PMID: 32824144 PMCID: PMC7465894 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (Fabps) make up a family of widely distributed cytoplasmic lipid-binding proteins. The small intestine contains three predominant Fabp species, Fabp1, Fabp2, and Fabp6. Our previous studies showed that Fabp2 and Fabp6 gene-disrupted mice exhibited sexually dimorphic phenotypes. In this study, we carried out a systematic comparative analysis of the small intestinal transcriptomes of 10 week-old wild-type (WT) and Fabp gene-disrupted male and female mice. We found that the small intestinal transcriptome of male and female mice showed key differences in the gene expression profiles that affect major biological processes. The deletion of specific Fabp genes induced unique and sex-specific changes in the gene expression program, although some differentially expressed genes in certain genotypes were common to both sexes. Functional annotation and interaction network analyses revealed that the number and type of affected pathways, as well as the sets of interacting nodes in each of the Fabp genotypes, are partitioned by sex. To our knowledge, this is the first time that sex differences were identified and categorized at the transcriptome level in mice lacking different intestinal Fabps. The distinctive transcriptome profiles of WT male and female small intestine may predetermine the nature of transcriptional reprogramming that manifests as sexually dimorphic responses to the ablation of intestinal Fabp genes.
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18
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Stewart AN, MacLean SM, Stromberg AJ, Whelan JP, Bailey WM, Gensel JC, Wilson ME. Considerations for Studying Sex as a Biological Variable in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:802. [PMID: 32849242 PMCID: PMC7419700 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to NIH initiatives to investigate sex as a biological variable in preclinical animal studies, researchers have increased their focus on male and female differences in neurotrauma. Inclusion of both sexes when modeling neurotrauma is leading to the identification of novel areas for therapeutic and scientific exploitation. Here, we review the organizational and activational effects of sex hormones on recovery from injury and how these changes impact the long-term health of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. When determining how sex affects SCI it remains imperative to expand outcomes beyond locomotor recovery and consider other complications plaguing the quality of life of patients with SCI. Interestingly, the SCI field predominately utilizes female rodents for basic science research which contrasts most other male-biased research fields. We discuss the unique caveats this creates to the translatability of preclinical research in the SCI field. We also review current clinical and preclinical data examining sex as biological variable in SCI. Further, we report how technical considerations such as housing, size, care management, and age, confound the interpretation of sex-specific effects in animal studies of SCI. We have uncovered novel findings regarding how age differentially affects mortality and injury-induced anemia in males and females after SCI, and further identified estrus cycle dysfunction in mice after injury. Emerging concepts underlying sexually dimorphic responses to therapy are also discussed. Through a combination of literature review and primary research observations we present a practical guide for considering and incorporating sex as biological variable in preclinical neurotrauma studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stewart
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Steven M MacLean
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Arnold J Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jessica P Whelan
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - William M Bailey
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - John C Gensel
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Melinda E Wilson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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19
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Sex-dependent metabolic effects of pregestational exercise on prenatally stressed mice. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:271-279. [PMID: 32406352 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Stressful events during the prenatal period have been related to hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses as well as metabolic changes in adult life. Moreover, regular exercise may contribute to the improvement of the symptoms associated with stress and stress-related chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of exercise, before the gestation period, on the metabolic changes induced by prenatal stress in adult mice. Female Balb/c mice were divided into three groups: control (CON), prenatal restraint stress (PNS) and exercise before the gestational period plus PNS (EX + PNS). When adults, the plasmatic biochemical analysis, oxidative stress, gene expression of metabolic-related receptors and sex differences were assessed in the offspring. Prenatal stress decreased neonatal and adult body weight when compared to the pregestational exercise group. Moreover, prenatal stress was associated with reduced body weight in adult males. PNS and EX + PNS females showed decreased hepatic catalase. Pregestational exercise prevented the stress-induced cholesterol increase in females but did not prevent the liver mRNA expression reduction on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ in PNS females. Conversely, PNS and EX + PNS males showed an increased PPARα mRNA expression. In conclusion, pregestational exercise prevented some effects of prenatal stress on metabolic markers in a sex-specific manner.
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20
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Sáez-Orellana F, Octave JN, Pierrot N. Alzheimer's Disease, a Lipid Story: Involvement of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Cells 2020; 9:E1215. [PMID: 32422896 PMCID: PMC7290654 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) production are responsible for inherited AD cases. The amyloid cascade hypothesis was proposed to explain the pathogeny. Despite the fact that Aβ is considered as the main culprit of the pathology, most clinical trials focusing on Aβ failed and suggested that earlier interventions are needed to influence the course of AD. Therefore, identifying risk factors that predispose to AD is crucial. Among them, the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene that encodes the major brain lipid carrier and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes were identified as AD risk factors, suggesting that abnormal lipid metabolism could influence the progression of the disease. Among lipids, fatty acids (FAs) play a fundamental role in proper brain function, including memory. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a master metabolic regulator that regulates the catabolism of FA. Several studies report an essential role of PPARα in neuronal function governing synaptic plasticity and cognition. In this review, we explore the implication of lipid metabolism in AD, with a special focus on PPARα and its potential role in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sáez-Orellana
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pierrot
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.S.-O.); (J.-N.O.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Alzheimer Dementia, Avenue Mounier 53, SSS/IONS/CEMO-Bte B1.53.03, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Matheson J, Le Foll B. Therapeutic Potential of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonists in Substance Use Disorders: A Synthesis of Preclinical and Human Evidence. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051196. [PMID: 32408505 PMCID: PMC7291117 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has received increasing interest as a potential strategy to treat substance use disorders due to the localization of PPARs in addiction-related brain regions and the ability of PPAR ligands to modulate dopamine neurotransmission. Robust evidence from animal models suggests that agonists at both the PPAR-α and PPAR-γ isoforms can reduce both positive and negative reinforcing properties of ethanol, nicotine, opioids, and possibly psychostimulants. A reduction in the voluntary consumption of ethanol following treatment with PPAR agonists seems to be the most consistent finding. However, the human evidence is limited in scope and has so far been less promising. There have been no published human trials of PPAR agonists for treatment of alcohol use disorder, despite the compelling preclinical evidence. Two trials of PPAR-α agonists as potential smoking cessation drugs found no effect on nicotine-related outcomes. The PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone showed some promise in reducing heroin, nicotine, and cocaine craving in two human laboratory studies and one pilot trial, yet other outcomes were unaffected. Potential explanations for the discordance between the animal and human evidence, such as the potency and selectivity of PPAR ligands and sex-related variability in PPAR physiology, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Matheson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada;
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 34727)
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada;
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
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22
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Sol CM, Santos S, Asimakopoulos AG, Martinez-Moral MP, Duijts L, Kannan K, Trasande L, Jaddoe VWV. Associations of maternal phthalate and bisphenol urine concentrations during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure in a population-based prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105677. [PMID: 32220816 PMCID: PMC7354351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols may lead to vascular developmental adaptations, which program later cardiovascular disease. We examined the associations of fetal exposure to phthalates and bisphenols with childhood blood pressure. METHODS In a population-based, prospective cohort study among 1,064 mother-child pairs, we measured maternal urine phthalate and bisphenol concentrations in first, second and third trimester of pregnancy. We measured childhood blood pressure at the mean age of 9.7 years (standard deviation 0.2 years) old. Analyses were performed for the total group, and for boys and girls separately. RESULTS Maternal urine phthalate concentrations were not associated with childhood blood pressure among boys. Higher third trimester maternal urine concentrations of high molecular weight phthalates (HMWP), di-2-ehtylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octylphthalate (DNOP) were associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure among girls (p-values < 0.01). Also, higher second trimester maternal urine total bisphenol and bisphenol A concentrations were associated with higher systolic blood pressure among boys (p values < 0.01), but tended to be associated with a lower diastolic blood pressure among girls. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest sex-dependent associations of maternal urine phthalate and bisphenol concentrations during pregnancy with childhood blood pressure. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and long term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalana M Sol
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandros G Asimakopoulos
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Department of Chemistry, the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria-Pilar Martinez-Moral
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Paediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York City, NY 10016, USA; New York University College of Global Public Health, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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23
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Neurovascular protection by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2020; 331:113323. [PMID: 32320699 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Currently, the only pharmacological therapy for ischemic stroke is thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator that has a narrow therapeutic window and increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. New pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke are desperately needed, but no neuroprotective drugs have successfully made it through clinical trials. Beneficial effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activation on vascular integrity and function have been reported, and PPARα agonists have clinically been used for many years to manage cardiovascular disease. Thus, PPARα has gained interest in recent years as a target for neurovascular disease such as ischemic stroke. Accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that PPARα activation modulates several pathophysiological hallmarks of stroke such as oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and neuroinflammation to improve functional recovery. Therefore, this review summarizes the various actions PPARα exerts in neurovascular health and disease and the potential of employing exogenous PPARα agonists for future pharmacological treatment of ischemic stroke.
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24
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Wu JJ, Zhou YL, Wang ZW, Li GH, Jin FP, Cui LL, Gao HT, Li XP, Zhou L, Gui JF. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes and Signaling Pathways Between Male and Female Red-Tail Catfish (Mystus wyckioides). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:463-474. [PMID: 30941640 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is widespread in fish species. The red-tail catfish (Mystus wyckioides) is a commercially important catfish in the lower reaches of the Lancang River and the Mekong basin, and it shows a growth advantage in males. Here, RNA-seq was for the first time used to explore the gene expression difference between the sexes in the hypothalamus and pituitary of red-tail catfish, respectively. In the hypothalamus, 5732 and 271 unigenes have significantly higher and lower expressions, respectively, in males compared with females. KEGG analysis showed that 212 DEGs were annotated to 216 signaling pathways, and enrichment analysis suggested different levels of cAMP and glutamatergic synapse signaling between male and female hypothalami and some of the DEGs appear involved in gonad development and growth. In the pituitary, we found only 19 differentially expressed unigenes, which were annotated to 32 signaling pathways, most of which play important roles in gonad development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Fishery Sciences Research, Kunming, 650111, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Guang-Hua Li
- Yunnan Institute of Fishery Sciences Research, Kunming, 650111, China
| | - Fang-Peng Jin
- Yunnan Institute of Fishery Sciences Research, Kunming, 650111, China
| | - Li-Li Cui
- Yunnan Institute of Fishery Sciences Research, Kunming, 650111, China
| | - Hai-Tao Gao
- Yunnan Institute of Fishery Sciences Research, Kunming, 650111, China
| | - Xin-Ping Li
- Xishuangbanna Native Fish Research and Breeding Center, Xishuangbanna, 666100, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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25
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The Sex-Gender Effects in the Road to Tailored Botanicals. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071637. [PMID: 31319627 PMCID: PMC6682902 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenols are a wide family of phytochemicals that are characterized by large chemical diversity and are considered to bioactive molecules of foods, beverages, and botanicals. Although they have a multitude of biological actions, their beneficial effects are rarely evidenced in clinical research with high scientific rigor. This may occur due to the presence of numerous confounders, such as the modulation of phenol bioavailability, which can be regulated by microbiota, age, sex-gender. Sex-gender is an important determinant of health and well-being, and has an impact on environmental and occupational risks, access to health care, disease prevalence, and treatment outcomes. In addition, xenobiotic responses may be strongly influenced by sex-gender. This review describes how sex–gender differentially influences the activities of phenols also in some critical periods of women life such as pregnancy and lactation, considering also the sex of fetuses and infants. Thus, sex–gender is a variable that must be carefully considered and should be used to propose directions for future research on the road to tailored medicine and nutrition.
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26
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Norheim F, Hasin-Brumshtein Y, Vergnes L, Chella Krishnan K, Pan C, Seldin MM, Hui ST, Mehrabian M, Zhou Z, Gupta S, Parks BW, Walch A, Reue K, Hofmann SM, Arnold AP, Lusis AJ. Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits. Cell Metab 2019; 29:932-949.e4. [PMID: 30639359 PMCID: PMC6447452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied sex differences in over 50 cardio-metabolic traits in a panel of 100 diverse inbred strains of mice. The results clearly showed that the effects of sex on both clinical phenotypes and gene expression depend on the genetic background. In support of this, genetic loci associated with the traits frequently showed sex specificity. For example, Lyplal1, a gene implicated in human obesity, was shown to underlie a sex-specific locus for diet-induced obesity. Global gene expression analyses of tissues across the panel implicated adipose tissue "beiging" and mitochondrial functions in the sex differences. Isolated mitochondria showed gene-by-sex interactions in oxidative functions, such that some strains (C57BL/6J) showed similar function between sexes, whereas others (DBA/2J and A/J) showed increased function in females. Reduced adipose mitochondrial function in males as compared to females was associated with increased susceptibility to obesity and insulin resistance. Gonadectomy studies indicated that gonadal hormones acting in a tissue-specific manner were responsible in part for the sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yehudit Hasin-Brumshtein
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonul Gupta
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, München 80336, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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27
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Pierrot N, Ris L, Stancu IC, Doshina A, Ribeiro F, Tyteca D, Baugé E, Lalloyer F, Malong L, Schakman O, Leroy K, Kienlen-Campard P, Gailly P, Brion JP, Dewachter I, Staels B, Octave JN. Sex-regulated gene dosage effect of PPARα on synaptic plasticity. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201800262. [PMID: 30894406 PMCID: PMC6427998 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in PPARα expression between males and females affect the regulation of GluA1 expression and synaptic plasticity in mice. Mechanisms driving cognitive improvements following nuclear receptor activation are poorly understood. The peroxisome proliferator–activated nuclear receptor alpha (PPARα) forms heterodimers with the nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR). We report that PPARα mediates the improvement of hippocampal synaptic plasticity upon RXR activation in a transgenic mouse model with cognitive deficits. This improvement results from an increase in GluA1 subunit expression of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor, eliciting an AMPA response at the excitatory synapses. Associated with a two times higher PPARα expression in males than in females, we show that male, but not female, PPARα null mutants display impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation. Moreover, PPARα knockdown in the hippocampus of cognition-impaired mice compromises the beneficial effects of RXR activation on synaptic plasticity only in males. Furthermore, selective PPARα activation with pemafibrate improves synaptic plasticity in male cognition-impaired mice, but not in females. We conclude that striking sex differences in hippocampal synaptic plasticity are observed in mice, related to differences in PPARα expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pierrot
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium .,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Ris
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Health Institute, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ilie-Cosmin Stancu
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Anna Doshina
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Floriane Ribeiro
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Baugé
- Université de Lille EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fanny Lalloyer
- Université de Lille EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Liza Malong
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Guo J, Li B, Zuo Z, Chen M, Wang C. Maternal Supplementation with β‐Carotene During Pregnancy Disturbs Lipid Metabolism and Glucose Homoeostasis in F1 Female Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900072. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen 36110 P. R. China
| | - Bingshui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen 36110 P. R. China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen 36110 P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen 36110 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem ResearchXiamen University Xiamen 36110 P. R. China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen University Xiamen 36110 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem ResearchXiamen University Xiamen 36110 P. R. China
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29
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Vafeiadi M, Myridakis A, Roumeliotaki T, Margetaki K, Chalkiadaki G, Dermitzaki E, Venihaki M, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Leventakou V, Stephanou EG, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L. Association of Early Life Exposure to Phthalates With Obesity and Cardiometabolic Traits in Childhood: Sex Specific Associations. Front Public Health 2018; 6:327. [PMID: 30538977 PMCID: PMC6277685 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated longitudinal associations between early life phthalate exposure and subsequent obesity and cardiovascular risks in children with inconsistent results. We aimed to evaluate the associations between phthalate exposure during gestation and childhood with offspring obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in 500 mother-child pairs from the Rhea pregnancy cohort in Crete, Greece. Seven phthalate metabolites [monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)] were quantified in spot urine samples collected from mothers (1st trimester) and their children at 4 years of age. We calculated the molar sum of DEHP metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP). We measured child weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thicknesses, blood pressure (BP), and lipids at 4 and 6 years and leptin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein at 4 years. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations at each age and tested for interaction by sex. Child exposure to phthalate metabolites was associated with lower BMI z-scores in boys and higher BMI z-scores in girls. Each 10-fold increase in ΣDEHP was associated with a change in waist circumference of −2.6 cm (95% CI: −4.72, −0.48) in boys vs. 2.14 cm (95% CI: −0.14, 4.43) in girls (p-sex interaction = 0.003) and a change in waist-to-height ratio of −0.01 (95% CI: −0.03, 0.01) in boys vs. 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) in girls (p-sex interaction = 0.006). Phthalate metabolite concentrations at age 4 were negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. MEP was associated with lower systolic BP z-scores (adj. β = −0.22; 95% CI: −0.36, −0.08) at 4 years. MnBP and MBzP were associated with lower diastolic BP z-scores (adj. β = −0.13; 95%CI: −0.23, −0.04, and adj. β = −0.11; 95% CI: −0.21, −0.01, respectively). A 10-fold increase in MiBP was associated with 4.4% higher total cholesterol levels (95% CI: 0.2, 8.7). Prenatal phthalate exposure was not consistently associated with child adiposity and cardiometabolic measures. Our findings suggest that early life phthalate exposure may affect child growth and adiposity in a sex-specific manner and depends on the timing of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgia Chalkiadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini Dermitzaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Venihaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Vasiliki Leventakou
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Euripides G Stephanou
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, MN, United States.,Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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30
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Bougarne N, Weyers B, Desmet SJ, Deckers J, Ray DW, Staels B, De Bosscher K. Molecular Actions of PPARα in Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:760-802. [PMID: 30020428 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor of clinical interest as a drug target in various metabolic disorders. PPARα also exhibits marked anti-inflammatory capacities. The first-generation PPARα agonists, the fibrates, have however been hampered by drug-drug interaction issues, statin drop-in, and ill-designed cardiovascular intervention trials. Notwithstanding, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which PPARα works will enable control of its activities as a drug target for metabolic diseases with an underlying inflammatory component. Given its role in reshaping the immune system, the full potential of this nuclear receptor subtype as a versatile drug target with high plasticity becomes increasingly clear, and a novel generation of agonists may pave the way for novel fields of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bougarne
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Basiel Weyers
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie J Desmet
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Deckers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1011, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Laboratory, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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Minatoya M, Araki A, Miyashita C, Ait Bamai Y, Itoh S, Yamamoto J, Onoda Y, Ogasawara K, Matsumura T, Kishi R. Association between prenatal bisphenol A and phthalate exposures and fetal metabolic related biomarkers: The Hokkaido study on Environment and Children's Health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:505-511. [PMID: 29223775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A and phthalates are widely detected in human urine, blood, breast milk, and amniotic fluid. Both bisphenol A and phthalates have been suggested as playing a role in obesity epidemics. Exposure to these chemicals during fetal development, and its consequences should be concerning because they can cross the placenta. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates, and cord blood metabolic-related biomarkers. Maternal serum was used during the first trimester, to determine prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates. Levels of metabolic-related biomarkers in the cord blood were also determined. Linear regression models were applied to the 365 participants with both, exposure and biomarker assessments, adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, education, and sex of the child. The level of bisphenol A was negatively associated with the leptin level (β = -0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.11, -0.01), but was positively associated with the high-molecular-weight adiponectin level, with marginal significance (β = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.00, 0.06). The mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), and summation of MEHP and MECPP to represent DEHP exposure (∑DEHPm) levels were inversely associated with the leptin levels (β=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.27, -0.01; β = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.24, 0.00 with marginal significance; β=0.08, 95%CI: -0.14, -0.03; and β = -0.09, 95%CI: -0.16, -0.03, respectively). The present study provided some evidence that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and certain phthalates may modify fetal adiponectin and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Minatoya
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Idea Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yu Onoda
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Idea Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ogasawara
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Idea Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Toru Matsumura
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, Idea Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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32
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Lopes C, Malhão F, Guimarães C, Pinheiro I, Gonçalves JF, Castro LFC, Rocha E, Madureira TV. Testosterone-induced modulation of peroxisomal morphology and peroxisome-related gene expression in brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) primary hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:30-39. [PMID: 29032351 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of androgenic signaling has been linked to possible cross-modulation with other hormone-mediated pathways. Therefore, our objective was to explore effects caused by testosterone - T (1, 10 and 50μM) in peroxisomal signaling of brown trout hepatocytes. To study the underlying paths involved, several co-exposure conditions were tested, with flutamide - F (anti-androgen) and ICI 182,780 - ICI (anti-estrogen). Molecular and morphological approaches were both evaluated. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), catalase and urate oxidase were the selected targets for gene expression analysis. The vitellogenin A gene was also included as a biomarker of estrogenicity. Peroxisome relative volumes were estimated by immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy was used for qualitative morphological control. The single exposures of T caused a significant down-regulation of urate oxidase (10 and 50μM) and a general up-regulation of vitellogenin. A significant reduction of peroxisome relative volumes and smaller peroxisome profiles were observed at 50μM. Co-administration of T and ICI reversed the morphological modifications and vitellogenin levels. The simultaneous exposure of T and F caused a significant and concentration-dependent diminishing in vitellogenin expression. Together, the findings suggest that in the tested model, T acted via both androgen and estrogen receptors to shape the peroxisomal related targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Malhão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Guimarães
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivone Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José F Gonçalves
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Department of Aquatic Production, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), U.Porto - University of Porto, Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, P 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia V Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), U.Porto - University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), U.Porto - University of Porto, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Dotson AL, Offner H. Sex differences in the immune response to experimental stroke: Implications for translational research. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:437-446. [PMID: 27870460 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. It is known that males and females respond differently to stroke. Depending on age, the incidence, prevalence, mortality rate, and disability outcome of stroke differ between the sexes. Females generally have strokes at older ages than males and, therefore, have a worse stroke outcome. There are also major differences in how the sexes respond to stroke at the cellular level. Immune response is a critical factor in determining the progress of neurodegeneration after stroke and is fundamentally different for males and females. Additionally, females respond to stroke therapies differently from males, yet they are often left out of the basic research that is focused on developing those therapies. With a resounding failure to translate stroke therapies from the bench to the bedside, it is clearer than ever that inclusion of both sexes in stroke studies is essential for future clinical success. This Mini-Review examines sex differences in the immune response to experimental stroke and its implications for therapy development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Dotson
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Katsumura M, Takagi S, Oya H, Tamura S, Saneyasu T, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. Effects of dietary heme iron and exercise training on abdominal fat accumulation and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:1100-1106. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoko Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Hana Oya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Shohei Tamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Takaoki Saneyasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Kobe University; Kobe Japan
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35
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Dotson AL, Wang J, Chen Y, Manning D, Nguyen H, Saugstad JA, Offner H. Sex differences and the role of PPAR alpha in experimental stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:539-47. [PMID: 26581674 PMCID: PMC4864150 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Males and females respond differently to stroke. Moreover, females often experience worse long-term stroke outcomes. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist has been shown to improve stroke outcome and resolve neuroinflammation in male mice. The present study compares the effect of pretreatment with fenofibrate versus vehicle control in male and female mice during experimental stroke. Mice were treated with low-dose fenofibrate 30 min before and once a day for three additional days after stroke onset. We observed a reduction in infarct volume in male mice 96 h post-stroke with low-dose fenofibrate pretreatment that was due to increase of an M2 macrophage phenotype in the brain and an increase in regulatory cells in the periphery. These outcomes were not replicated in females, likely due to the lower PPARα expression in cells and tissues in females vs males. We conclude that PPARα agonist treatment prior to stroke is neuroprotective in males but not females. These findings indicate PPARα as a probable mechanism of sex difference in stroke outcome and support the need for representation of females in stroke therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Dotson
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yingxin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dustin Manning
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julie A Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, R&D-31, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G. Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:278-316. [PMID: 27159875 PMCID: PMC4890267 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1022] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The steep rise of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications go along with mounting evidence of clinically important sex and gender differences. T2DM is more frequently diagnosed at lower age and body mass index in men; however, the most prominent risk factor, which is obesity, is more common in women. Generally, large sex-ratio differences across countries are observed. Diversities in biology, culture, lifestyle, environment, and socioeconomic status impact differences between males and females in predisposition, development, and clinical presentation. Genetic effects and epigenetic mechanisms, nutritional factors and sedentary lifestyle affect risk and complications differently in both sexes. Furthermore, sex hormones have a great impact on energy metabolism, body composition, vascular function, and inflammatory responses. Thus, endocrine imbalances relate to unfavorable cardiometabolic traits, observable in women with androgen excess or men with hypogonadism. Both biological and psychosocial factors are responsible for sex and gender differences in diabetes risk and outcome. Overall, psychosocial stress appears to have greater impact on women rather than on men. In addition, women have greater increases of cardiovascular risk, myocardial infarction, and stroke mortality than men, compared with nondiabetic subjects. However, when dialysis therapy is initiated, mortality is comparable in both males and females. Diabetes appears to attenuate the protective effect of the female sex in the development of cardiac diseases and nephropathy. Endocrine and behavioral factors are involved in gender inequalities and affect the outcome. More research regarding sex-dimorphic pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM and its complications could contribute to more personalized diabetes care in the future and would thus promote more awareness in terms of sex- and gender-specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit (A.K.-W., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Metabolic Unit (G.P.), Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit (A.K.-W., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Metabolic Unit (G.P.), Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Gender Medicine Unit (A.K.-W., J.H.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Metabolic Unit (G.P.), Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padua, Italy
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Dotson AL, Wang J, Liang J, Nguyen H, Manning D, Saugstad JA, Offner H. Loss of PPARα perpetuates sex differences in stroke reflected by peripheral immune mechanisms. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:683-92. [PMID: 26868919 PMCID: PMC4864099 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that plays a role in immune regulation. Because of its expression in cerebral tissue and immune cells, PPARα has been examined as an important regulator in immune-based neurological diseases. Many studies have indicated that pre-treatment of animals with PPARα agonists induces protection against stroke. However, our previous reports indicate that protection is only in males, not females, and can be attributed to different PPARα expression between the sexes. In the current study, we examine how loss of PPARα affects male and female mice in experimental stroke. Male and female PPARα knockout mice were subject to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham surgery, and the ischemic (local) or spleen specific (peripheral) immune response was examined 96 h after reperfusion. We found that loss of PPARα perpetuated sex differences in stroke, and this was driven by the peripheral, not local, immune response. Specifically we observed an increase in peripheral pro-inflammatory and adhesion molecule gene expression in PPARα KO males after MCAO compared to females. Our data supports previous evidence that PPARα plays an important role in sex differences in the immune response to disease, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L Dotson
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jian Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ha Nguyen
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dustin Manning
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julie A Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, R&D-31, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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38
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Hirata-Koizumi M, Ise R, Kato H, Matsuyama T, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Takahashi M, Ono A, Ema M, Hirose A. Transcriptome analyses demonstrate that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) activity of an ultraviolet absorber, 2-(2’-hydroxy-3’,5’-di-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, as possible mechanism of their toxicity and the gender differences. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:693-700. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Hirata-Koizumi
- Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Ryota Ise
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. (SNBL)
| | - Hirohito Kato
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd. (SNBL)
| | | | | | - Mika Takahashi
- Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Makoto Ema
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Health Sciences
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Watkins DJ, Peterson KE, Ferguson KK, Mercado-García A, Tamayo y Ortiz M, Cantoral A, Meeker JD, Téllez-Rojo MM. Relating Phthalate and BPA Exposure to Metabolism in Peripubescence: The Role of Exposure Timing, Sex, and Puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:79-88. [PMID: 26529628 PMCID: PMC4701847 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during development may play a role in the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents by interfering with metabolic homeostasis. OBJECTIVE To explore associations between in utero and peripubertal urinary phthalate metabolite and bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations and markers of peripubertal metabolic homeostasis. DESIGN Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT): a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women in Mexico City and their offspring. SETTING Public maternity hospitals in Mexico City. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Women recruited during pregnancy; offspring recruited for follow-up at age 8-14 years (n = 250). INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting serum c-peptide, IGF-1, leptin, and glucose concentrations among children at follow-up; calculated measures of insulin secretion and insulin resistance. RESULTS Phthalate metabolites and BPA were associated with metabolism biomarkers at age 8-14 years in patterns that varied by sex, pubertal status, and exposure timing. For example, in utero monoethyl phthalate was associated with lower insulin secretion among pubertal boys (P = .02) and higher leptin among girls (P = .04). In utero di-2-ethylhexyl phthlate was associated with higher IGF-1 among pubertal girls; peripubertal di-2-ethylhexyl phthlate was associated with higher IGF-1, insulin secretion, and resistance among prepubertal girls. In contrast, peripubertal dibutyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate were associated with lower IGF-1 among pubertal boys. Peripubertal BPA was associated with higher leptin in boys (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Considering the long-term health effects related to metabolic syndrome, additional research on exposure and metabolic outcomes across developmental periods and early adulthood is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
| | - Marcela Tamayo y Ortiz
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences (D.J.W., K.K.F., J.D.M.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutritional Sciences (K.E.P.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Center for Human Growth and Development (K.E.P.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Department of Nutrition (K.E.P.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Center for Nutrition and Health Research (A.M.-G., M.T.y.O., A.C., M.M.T.-R.), National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62508 Mexico
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Wege N, Schutkowski A, Boenn M, Bialek J, Schlitt A, Noack F, Grosse I, Stangl GI. Men and women differ in their diurnal expression of monocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in the fed but not in the fasted state. FASEB J 2015; 29:2905-11. [PMID: 25825462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolic response to fasting and is an inhibitor of inflammatory pathways in immune cells. It represents a therapeutic target for treatment of several diseases, mainly hyperlipidemia. To shed light on PPARα expression changes in response to fasting, young healthy male and female volunteers were fed or fasted for 24 hours. Monocytes were analyzed every 2 hours to compile both profiles of mRNA and protein expression of PPARα and its interactive partner, the circadian pacemaker brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like-1 (BMAL1). We found that women change their diurnal expression profiles of PPARα and BMAL1 when switching from the fed to the fasted state, whereas men do not. Interestingly, the PPARα and BMAL1 profiles of men and women in the fed state are different, whereas the profiles in the fasted state are virtually identical. The finding of diametrically opposite responses of male and female PPARα expression in the fed state might have practical implication in human medicine as PPARα activators like fibrates are used for the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, microvascular complications in diabetes, and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wege
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schutkowski
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Boenn
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joanna Bialek
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Schlitt
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Noack
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivo Grosse
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- *Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, and University Clinic Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany; Paracelsus Harz Clinic Bad Suderode, Quedlinburg, Germany; and German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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41
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Schleicher J, Tokarski C, Marbach E, Matz-Soja M, Zellmer S, Gebhardt R, Schuster S. Zonation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism - The diversity of its regulation and the benefit of modeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:641-56. [PMID: 25677822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A pronounced heterogeneity between hepatocytes in subcellular structure and enzyme activities was discovered more than 50years ago and initiated the idea of metabolic zonation. In the last decades zonation patterns of liver metabolism were extensively investigated for carbohydrate, nitrogen and lipid metabolism. The present review focuses on zonation patterns of the latter. We review recent findings regarding the zonation of fatty acid uptake and oxidation, ketogenesis, triglyceride synthesis and secretion, de novo lipogenesis, as well as bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. In doing so, we expose knowledge gaps and discuss contradictory experimental results, for example on the zonation pattern of fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis. Thus, possible rewarding directions of further research are identified. Furthermore, recent findings about the regulation of metabolic zonation are summarized, especially regarding the role of hormones, nerve innervation, morphogens, gender differences and the influence of the circadian clock. In the last part of the review, a short collection of models considering hepatic lipid metabolism is provided. We conclude that modeling, despite its proven benefit for understanding of hepatic carbohydrate and ammonia metabolisms, has so far been largely disregarded in the study of lipid metabolism; therefore some possible fields of modeling interest are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schleicher
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - C Tokarski
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - E Marbach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Zellmer
- Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - R Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Schuster
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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42
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Jang HB, Hwang JY, Park JE, Oh JH, Ahn Y, Kang JH, Park KH, Han BG, Kim BJ, Park SI, Lee HJ. Intake levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids modify the association between the genetic variation inPCSK5and HDL cholesterol. J Med Genet 2014; 51:782-8. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Castelli MG, Rusten M, Goksøyr A, Routti H. MRNA expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from differently polluted areas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 146:239-246. [PMID: 24334006 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the ability of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to influence lipid metabolism. Although POPs are found at high concentrations in some populations of marine mammals, for example in the ringed seal (Pusa hispida) from the Baltic Sea, little is known about the effects of POPs on their lipid metabolism. An optimal regulation of lipid metabolism is crucial for ringed seals during the fasting/molting season. This is a physiologically stressful period, during which they rely on the energy stored in their fat reserves. The mRNA expression levels for seven genes involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed in liver and/or blubber tissue from molting ringed seals from the polluted Baltic Sea and a less polluted reference location, Svalbard (Norway). mRNA expression of genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ and their target genes acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) were analyzed in liver. mRNA expression level of genes encoding PPARβ, PPARγ and their target genes encoding fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) were measured in inner and middle blubber layers. In addition, we evaluated the influence of molting status on hepatic mRNA expression of genes encoding PPARs and their target genes in ringed seals from Svalbard. Our results show higher mRNA expression of genes encoding hepatic PPARγ and adipose PPARβ, FABP4, and ADIPOQ in the Baltic seals compared to the Svalbard seals. A positive relationship between mRNA expressions of genes encoding hepatic PPARγ, adipose FABP4, adipose ADIPOQ and ΣPOP concentrations was observed. These findings suggest that lipid metabolism may be affected by contaminant exposure in the Baltic population. mRNA expression of genes encoding PPARβ, PPARγ, FABP4 and ADIPOQ were similar between the mid and inner adipose layer. Hepatic mRNA expression of genes encoding PPARα and PPARγ was higher in the pre-molting individuals compared to the molting ones highlighting differential regulation of these metabolic sensors through the molting period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Galatea Castelli
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway; University of Bergen, Department of Biology, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marte Rusten
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- University of Bergen, Department of Biology, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.
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Benz V, Kintscher U, Foryst-Ludwig A. Sex-specific differences in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and dyslipidemia therapy: PPAR agonists. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:387-410. [PMID: 23027460 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30726-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of sex on the development of obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia is well documented, although the molecular mechanism underlying those differences reminds elusive. Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are used as oral antidiabetics (PPARgamma agonists: thiazolidinediones, TZDs), or for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases, due to their lipid-lowering properties (PPARalpha agonists: fibrates), as PPARs control transcription of a set of genes involved in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Given a high prevalence of those metabolic disorders, and thus a broad use of PPAR agonists, the present review will discuss distinct aspects of sex-specific differences in antiobesity treatment using those groups of PPAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Benz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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45
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Fowler PA, Bellingham M, Sinclair KD, Evans NP, Pocar P, Fischer B, Schaedlich K, Schmidt JS, Amezaga MR, Bhattacharya S, Rhind SM, O'Shaughnessy PJ. Impact of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) on female reproductive health. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355:231-9. [PMID: 22061620 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that environmental chemicals (ECs) including endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can alter female reproductive development, fertility and onset of menopause. While not as clearly defined as in the male, this set of abnormalities may constitute an Ovarian Dysgenesis Syndrome with at least some origins of the syndrome arising during foetal development. ECs/EDCs have been shown to affect trophoblast and placental function, the female hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, onset of puberty and adult ovarian function. The effects of ECs/EDCs are complex, not least because it is emerging that low-level, 'real-life' mixtures of ECs/EDCs may carry significant biological potency. In addition, there is evidence that ECs/EDCs can alter the epigenome in a sexually dimorphic manner, which may lead to changes in the germ line and perhaps even to transgenerational effects. This review summarises the evidence for EC, including EDC, involvement in female reproductive dysfunction, it highlights potential mechanisms of EC action in the female and emphasises the need for further research into EC effects on female development and reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Fowler
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Polwarth Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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46
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Sugiyama MG, Hobson L, Agellon AB, Agellon LB. Visualization of sex-dimorphic changes in the intestinal transcriptome of Fabp2 gene-ablated mice. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2012; 5:45-55. [PMID: 22584290 DOI: 10.1159/000337193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Sex differences in gene expression program have not been effectively explored at the transcriptome level. We aimed to develop a method for the analysis of transcriptome data to identify sex differences and sex-dimorphic responses to experimental conditions in mice. METHODS Profiling of the small intestine transcriptome of chow-fed C57BL/6J (wild-type, WT) and Fabp2⁻/⁻ mice was carried out by microarray analysis. Sex-specific and androgynous effects of Fabp2 gene ablation were examined using FlexArray V1.6 by comparing WT to Fabp2⁻/⁻ mice. The data generated were exported into a single spreadsheet, collated and transformed to identify the differentially expressed genes for pathway analysis. RESULTS The method revealed enrichment of 17 sex-dimorphic pathways in the small intestine of WT mice compared to only 4 in Fabp2⁻/⁻ mice. Comparison of the effects of Fabp2 loss in individual sexes revealed a male-specific upregulation of 5 pathways involved in the production of unsaturated fatty acids, and a female-specific downregulation of pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our approach detected the common as well as sex-differential pathways that are modified due to the loss of Fabp2. These findings suggest that the pathways involved in nutrient and xenobiotic metabolism in the intestine are regulated by sex-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Sugiyama
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que., Canada
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47
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Corthals AP. Multiple sclerosis is not a disease of the immune system. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2012; 86:287-321. [PMID: 22384749 DOI: 10.1086/662453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a complex neurodegenerative disease, thought to arise through autoimmunity against antigens of the central nervous system. The autoimmunity hypothesis fails to explain why genetic and environmental risk factors linked to the disease in one population tend to be unimportant in other populations. Despite great advances in documenting the cell and molecular mechanisms underlying MS pathophysiology, the autoimmunity framework has also been unable to develop a comprehensive explanation of the etiology of the disease. I propose a new framework for understanding MS as a dysfunction of the metabolism of lipids. Specifically, the homeostasis of lipid metabolism collapses during acute-phase inflammatory response triggered by a pathogen, trauma, or stress, starting a feedback loop of increased oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and proliferation of cytoxic foam cells that cross the blood brain barrier and both catabolize myelin and prevent remyelination. Understanding MS as a chronic metabolic disorder illuminates four aspects of disease onset and progression: 1) its pathophysiology; 2) genetic susceptibility; 3) environmental and pathogen triggers; and 4) the skewed sex ratio of patients. It also suggests new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique P Corthals
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York New York, New York 10019, USA.
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48
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Lebeck J, Gena P, O'Neill H, Skowronski MT, Lund S, Calamita G, Praetorius J. Estrogen prevents increased hepatic aquaporin-9 expression and glycerol uptake during starvation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G365-74. [PMID: 22114114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00437.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In starvation, glycerol is released from adipose tissue and serves as an important precursor for hepatic gluconeogenesis. By unknown sex-specific mechanisms, women suppress the endogenous glucose production better than men and respond to metabolic stress with higher plasma glycerol levels. Hepatic glycerol uptake is facilitated by aquaporin-9 (AQP9), a broad-selectivity neutral solute channel, and represents an insulin-regulated step in supplying gluconeogenesis with glycerol. In the present study, hepatic AQP9 abundance was increased 2.6-fold in starved male rats as assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. By contrast, starvation had no significant effect on hepatic AQP9 expression in female rats. Coordinately, plasma glycerol levels remained unchanged with starvation in male rats, whereas it was increased in female rats. The different responses to starvation were paralleled by higher glycerol permeability in basolateral hepatocyte membranes from starved male rats compared with starved females. Ovariectomy led to a starvation-response pattern identical to that observed in male rats with increased hepatic AQP9 expression and unchanged plasma glycerol levels. In cultured hepatocytes, 17β-estradiol and the selective estrogen receptor α-agonist, propyl pyrazole triol, caused a decrease in AQP9 expression. Our results support that a sex-specific regulation of the hepatic glycerol channel AQP9 during starvation contributes to the higher plasma glycerol levels observed in women during fasting and possibly results in a lower cytosolic availability of glycerol. Furthermore, the sexual dimorphism in the hepatic handling of glycerol during starvation might be explained by 17β-estradiol preventing the starvation-induced increase in hepatic AQP9 abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Lebeck
- Dept. of Biomedicine, the Water and Salt Research Center, Aarhus Univ., Wilhelm Meyers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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49
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Sugiyama MG, Agellon LB. Sex differences in lipid metabolism and metabolic disease risk. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:124-41. [PMID: 22221155 DOI: 10.1139/o11-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of nutrients to regulate specific metabolic pathways is often overshadowed by their role in basic sustenance. Consequently, the mechanisms whereby these nutrients protect against or promote a variety of acquired metabolic syndromes remains poorly understood. Premenopausal women are generally protected from the adverse effects of obesity despite having a greater proportion of body fat than men. Menopause is often associated with a transformation in body fat morphology and a gradual increase in the susceptibility to metabolic complications, eventually reaching the point where women and men are at equal risk. These phenomena are not explained solely by changes in food preference or nutrient intake suggesting an important role for the sex hormones in regulating the metabolic fate of nutrients and protecting against metabolic disease pathophysiology. Here, we discuss how differences in the acquisition, trafficking, and subceullular metabolism of fats and other lipid soluble nutrients in major organ systems can create overt sex-specific phenotypes, modulate metabolic disease risk, and contribute to the rise in obesity in the modern sedentary climate. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underpinning sex differences in fat metabolism requires the unravelling of the interactions among sex chromosome effects, the hormonal milieu, and diet composition. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to sex differences in metabolism will help to rationalize treatment strategies for the management of sex-specific metabolic disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Sugiyama
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald-Stewart Building, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9 Canada
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50
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Rodriguez-Leyva D, Malik A, Tappia PS. Gender-related gene expression in response to dietary fatty acids and predisposition to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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