1
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Mata-Pacheco V, Hernandez J, Varma N, Xu J, Sayers S, Le N, Wagner EJ. Dynamic, sex- and diet-specific pleiotropism in the PAC1 receptor-mediated regulation of arcuate proopiomelanocortin and Neuropeptide Y/Agouti related peptide neuronal excitability by anorexigenic ventromedial nucleus PACAP neurons. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13357. [PMID: 38056947 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study furthers the investigation of how pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the PAC1 receptor (PAC1R) regulate the homeostatic energy balance circuitry. We hypothesized that apoptotic ablation of PACAP neurones in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) would affect both energy intake and energy expenditure. We also hypothesized that selective PAC1R knockdown would impair the PACAP-induced excitation in anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones and inhibition of orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). The results show CASPASE-3-induced ablation of VMN PACAP neurones leads to increased energy intake and meal frequency as well as decreased energy expenditure in lean animals. The effects were more robust in obese males, whereas we saw the opposite effects in obese females. We then utilized visualized whole-cell patch clamp recordings in hypothalamic slices. PAC1R knockdown in POMC neurones diminishes the PACAP-induced depolarization, increase in firing, decreases in energy intake and meal size, as well as increases in CO2 production and O2 consumption. Similarly, the lack of expression of the PAC1R in NPY/AgRP neurones greatly attenuates the PACAP-induced hyperpolarization, suppression of firing, decreases in energy intake and meal frequency, as well as increases in energy expenditure. The PACAP response in NPY/AgRP neurones switched from predominantly inhibitory to excitatory in fasted animals. Finally, the anorexigenic effect of PACAP was potentiated when oestradiol was injected into the ARC in ovariectomized females. This study demonstrates the critical role of anorexigenic VMN PACAP neurones and the PAC1R in exciting POMC and inhibiting NPY/AgRP neurons to control homeostatic feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mata-Pacheco
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Hernandez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Nandini Varma
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Jenny Xu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Sarah Sayers
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Nikki Le
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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2
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Nemeth M, Meidlinger B, Barnreiter E, Wallner B, Millesi E. Metabolic rates in female guinea pigs during different reproductive stages. ZOOLOGY 2023; 161:126132. [PMID: 37931560 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction in female mammals is characterized by major changes in steroid hormone concentrations, which can be linked to fluctuations in energy expenditure (EE). Estradiol and cortisol can increase EE and metabolic rates (MRs), but knowledge on MR changes during the estrous cycle and gestation is scarce for many species. This also applies to the domestic guinea pig, a species exhibiting an exceptional estrous cycle among rodents. In this study, MRs were measured through oxygen (O2) consumption in female guinea pigs during different reproductive stages. Mean O2 consumption over 2.5 h, resting metabolic rate (RMR, lowest and most stable O2 consumption over 3 min), body mass, fecal estrogen and progesterone, and saliva cortisol concentrations were measured in twelve female guinea pigs in a repeated measurements design during diestrus, estrus, and the second trimester of gestation. In estrus, body mass was significantly lower and estrogen and cortisol concentrations were significantly higher compared to diestrus and gestation. Mean O2 consumption and RMR both were significantly increased in estrus compared to diestrus. Additionally, a positive effect of body mass on MRs detected during diestrus and gestation was not found during estrus. Mean O2 consumption was also higher during gestation compared to diestrus, and a significant increase in cortisol concentrations during the 2.5-h MR measurement was recorded. The results indicate that estrus in guinea pigs is energetically demanding, which probably reflects catabolic effects of estrogens and cortisol that uncoupled MRs from body mass. Knowledge on the energetic requirements associated with different reproductive stages is important for future physiological and behavioral studies on female guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nemeth
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, University of Vienna Biology Building, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bettina Meidlinger
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, University of Vienna Biology Building, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Barnreiter
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, University of Vienna Biology Building, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernard Wallner
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, University of Vienna Biology Building, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, University of Vienna Biology Building, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Massa MG, Scott RL, Cara AL, Cortes LR, Vander PB, Sandoval NP, Park JW, Ali SL, Velez LM, Wang HB, Ati SS, Tesfaye B, Reue K, van Veen JE, Seldin MM, Correa SM. Feeding neurons integrate metabolic and reproductive states in mice. iScience 2023; 26:107918. [PMID: 37817932 PMCID: PMC10561062 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Balance between metabolic and reproductive processes is important for survival, particularly in mammals that gestate their young. How the nervous system coordinates this balance is an active area of study. Herein, we demonstrate that somatostatin (SST) neurons of the tuberal hypothalamus alter feeding in a manner sensitive to metabolic and reproductive states in mice. Whereas chemogenetic activation of SST neurons increased food intake across sexes, ablation decreased food intake only in female mice during proestrus. This ablation effect was only apparent in animals with low body mass. Fat transplantation and bioinformatics analysis of SST neuronal transcriptomes revealed white adipose as a key modulator of these effects. These studies indicate that SST hypothalamic neurons integrate metabolic and reproductive cues by responding to varying levels of circulating estrogens to modulate feeding differentially based on energy stores. Thus, gonadal steroid modulation of neuronal circuits can be context dependent and gated by metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G. Massa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rachel L. Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Cara
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laura R. Cortes
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul B. Vander
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Norma P. Sandoval
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae W. Park
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sahara L. Ali
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Leandro M. Velez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Huei-Bin Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shomik S. Ati
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bethlehem Tesfaye
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J. Edward van Veen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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4
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Yasrebi A, Regan D, Roepke TA. The influence of estrogen response element ERα signaling in the control of feeding behaviors in male and female mice. Steroids 2023; 195:109228. [PMID: 36990195 PMCID: PMC10205686 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) controls energy homeostasis and feeding behaviors primarily by its nuclear receptor, estrogen receptor (ER) α. As such, it is important to understand the role of ERα signaling in the neuroendocrine control of feeding. Our previous data indicated that the loss of ERα signaling through estrogen response elements (ERE) alters food intake in a female mouse model. Hence, we hypothesize that ERE-dependent ERα is necessary for typical feeding behaviors in mice. To test this hypothesis, we examined feeding behaviors on low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) in three mouse strains: total ERα knockout (KO), ERα knockin/knockout (KIKO), which lack a functional DNA-binding domain, and their wild type (WT) C57 littermates comparing intact males and females and ovariectomized females with or without E2 replacement. All feeding behaviors were recorded using the Biological Data Acquisition monitoring system (Research Diets). In intact male mice, KO and KIKO consumed less than WT mice on LFD and HFD, while in intact female mice, KIKO consumed less than WT and KO. These differences were primarily driven by shorter meal duration in the KO and KIKO. In ovariectomized females, E2-treated WT and KIKO consumed more LFD than KO driven in part by an increase in meal frequency and a decrease in meal size. On HFD, WT consumed more than KO with E2, again due to effects on meal size and frequency. Collectively, these suggest that both ERE-dependent and -independent ERα signaling are involved in feeding behaviors in female mice depending on the diet consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Regan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health, and the New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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5
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De Jesus AN, Henry BA. The role of oestrogen in determining sexual dimorphism in energy balance. J Physiol 2023; 601:435-449. [PMID: 36117117 PMCID: PMC10092637 DOI: 10.1113/jp279501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance is determined by caloric intake and the rate at which energy is expended, with the latter comprising resting energy expenditure, physical activity and adaptive thermogenesis. The regulation of both energy intake and expenditure exhibits clear sexual dimorphism, with young women being relatively protected against weight gain and the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Preclinical studies have indicated that females are more sensitive to the satiety effects of leptin and insulin compared to males. Furthermore, females have greater thermogenic activity than males, whereas resting energy expenditure is generally higher in males than females. In addition to this, in post-menopausal women, the decline in sex steroid concentration, particularly in oestrogen, is associated with a shift in the distribution of adipose tissue and overall increased propensity to gain weight. Oestrogens are known to regulate energy balance and weight homeostasis via effects on both food intake and energy expenditure. Indeed, 17β-oestradiol treatment increases melanocortin signalling in the hypothalamus to cause satiety. Furthermore, oestrogenic action at the ventromedial hypothalamus has been linked with increased energy expenditure in female mice. We propose that oestrogen action on energy balance is multi-faceted and is fundamental to determining sexual dimorphism in weight control. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the decline in oestrogen levels leads to increased risk of weight gain and development of cardiometabolic disease in women across the menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nicole De Jesus
- Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Program, Biomedicine, Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda A Henry
- Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Program, Biomedicine, Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Massa MG, Scott RL, Cara AL, Cortes LR, Sandoval NP, Park JW, Ali S, Velez LM, Tesfaye B, Reue K, van Veen JE, Seldin M, Correa SM. Feeding Neurons Integrate Metabolic and Reproductive States in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525595. [PMID: 36747631 PMCID: PMC9900829 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs between metabolic and reproductive processes are important for survival, particularly in mammals that gestate their young. Puberty and reproduction, as energetically taxing life stages, are often gated by metabolic availability in animals with ovaries. How the nervous system coordinates these trade-offs is an active area of study. We identify somatostatin neurons of the tuberal nucleus (TNSST) as a node of the feeding circuit that alters feeding in a manner sensitive to metabolic and reproductive states in mice. Whereas chemogenetic activation of TNSST neurons increased food intake across sexes, selective ablation decreased food intake only in female mice during proestrus. Interestingly, this ablation effect was only apparent in animals with a low body mass. Fat transplantation and bioinformatics analysis of TNSST neuronal transcriptomes revealed white adipose as a key modulator of the effects of TNSST neurons on food intake. Together, these studies point to a mechanism whereby TNSST hypothalamic neurons modulate feeding by responding to varying levels of circulating estrogens differentially based on energy stores. This research provides insight into how neural circuits integrate reproductive and metabolic signals, and illustrates how gonadal steroid modulation of neuronal circuits can be context-dependent and gated by metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Massa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rachel L Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexandra L Cara
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura R Cortes
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Norma P Sandoval
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jae W Park
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sahara Ali
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Bethlehem Tesfaye
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J Edward van Veen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marcus Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Estrogen as a key regulator of energy homeostasis and metabolic health. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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8
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Quinn JF, Kelly MJ, Harris CJ, Hack W, Gray NE, Kulik V, Bostick Z, Brumbach BH, Copenhaver PF. The novel estrogen receptor modulator STX attenuates Amyloid-β neurotoxicity in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105888. [PMID: 36209948 PMCID: PMC10108899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on previous evidence that the non-steroidal estrogen receptor modulator STX mitigates the effects of neurotoxic Amyloid-β (Aβ) in vitro, we have evaluated its neuroprotective benefits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cohorts of 5XFAD mice, which begin to accumulate cerebral Aβ at two months of age, were treated with orally-administered STX starting at 6 months of age for two months. After behavioral testing to evaluate cognitive function, biochemical and immunohistochemical assays were used to analyze key markers of mitochondrial function and synaptic integrity. Oral STX treatment attenuated Aβ-associated mitochondrial toxicity and synaptic toxicity in the brain, as previously documented in cultured neurons. STX also moderately improved spatial memory in 5XFAD mice. In addition, STX reduced markers for reactive astrocytosis and microgliosis surrounding amyloid plaques, and also unexpectedly reduced overall levels of cerebral Aβ in the brain. The neuroprotective effects of STX were more robust in females than in males. These results suggest that STX may have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States of America.
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Christopher J Harris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Wyatt Hack
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Nora E Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Veronika Kulik
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Zoe Bostick
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Barbara H Brumbach
- Biostatistics and Design Program, OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Philip F Copenhaver
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, OHSU, Portland, OR, United States of America
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9
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Conde K, Kulyk D, Vanschaik A, Daisey S, Rojas C, Wiersielis K, Yasrebi A, Degroat TJ, Sun Y, Roepke TA. Deletion of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor in Kisspeptin Neurons in Female Mice Blocks Diet-Induced Obesity. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1370. [PMID: 36291579 PMCID: PMC9599822 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut peptide, ghrelin, mediates energy homeostasis and reproduction by acting through its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), expressed in hypothalamic neurons in the arcuate (ARC). We have shown 17β-estradiol (E2) increases Ghsr expression in Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin (KNDy) neurons, enhancing sensitivity to ghrelin. We hypothesized that E2-induced Ghsr expression augments KNDy sensitivity in a fasting state by elevating ghrelin to disrupt energy expenditure in females. We produced a Kiss1-GHSR knockout to determine the role of GHSR in ARC KNDy neurons. We found that changes in ARC gene expression with estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment were abrogated by the deletion of GHSR and ghrelin abolished these differences. We also observed changes in metabolism and fasting glucose levels. Additionally, knockouts were resistant to body weight gain on a high fat diet (HFD). Behaviorally, we found that knockouts on HFD exhibited reduced anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, knockouts did not refeed to the same extent as controls after a 24 h fast. Finally, in response to cold stress, knockout females had elevated metabolic parameters compared to controls. These data indicate GHSR in Kiss1 neurons modulate ARC gene expression, metabolism, glucose homeostasis, behavior, and thermoregulation, illustrating a novel mechanism for E2 and ghrelin to control Kiss1 neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Conde
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Danielle Kulyk
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Allison Vanschaik
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sierra Daisey
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Catherine Rojas
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kimberly Wiersielis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Thomas J. Degroat
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Troy A. Roepke
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, the Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health, and the New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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10
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Vail GM, Walley SN, Yasrebi A, Maeng A, Degroat TJ, Conde KM, Roepke TA. Implications of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) with the intersection of organophosphate flame retardants and diet-induced obesity in adult mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:397-413. [PMID: 35045790 PMCID: PMC8916992 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2026849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were found to produce intersecting disruptions of energy homeostasis using an adult mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Using the same mixture consisting of 1 mg/kg/day of each triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, the current study aimed to identify the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in OPFR-induced disruption, utilizing ERα knockout (ERαKO) mice fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Body weight and composition, food intake patterns, glucose and insulin tolerance, circulating peptide hormones, and expression of hypothalamic genes associated with energy homeostasis were measured. When fed HFD, no marked direct effects of OPFR were observed in mice lacking ERα, suggesting a role for ERα in generating previously reported wildtype (WT) findings. Male ERαKO mice fed LFD experienced decreased feeding efficiency and altered insulin tolerance, whereas their female counterparts displayed less fat mass and circulating ghrelin when exposed to OPFRs. These effects were not noted in the previous WT study, indicating that loss of ERα may sensitize animals fed LFD to alternate pathways of endocrine disruption by OFPRs. Collectively, these data demonstrate both direct and indirect actions of OPFRs on ERα-mediated pathways governing energy homeostasis and support a growing body of evidence urging concern for risk of human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndolin M. Vail
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Sabrina N. Walley
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Angela Maeng
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Thomas J. Degroat
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
| | - Kristie M. Conde
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
| | - Troy A. Roepke
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, School of Environmental & Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ. USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ. USA
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11
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Grassi D, Marraudino M, Garcia-Segura LM, Panzica GC. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus as a central hub for the estrogenic modulation of neuroendocrine function and behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100974. [PMID: 34995643 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) help coordinate reproduction with body physiology, growth and metabolism. PVN integrates hormonal and neural signals originating in the periphery, generating an output mediated both by its long-distance neuronal projections, and by a variety of neurohormones produced by its magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory cells. Here we review the cyto-and chemo-architecture, the connectivity and function of PVN and the sex-specific regulation exerted by estradiol on PVN neurons and on the expression of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neuropeptides and neurohormones in PVN. Classical and non-classical estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in neuronal afferents to PVN and in specific PVN interneurons, projecting neurons, neurosecretory neurons and glial cells that are involved in the input-output integration and coordination of neurohormonal signals. Indeed, PVN ERs are known to modulate body homeostatic processes such as autonomic functions, stress response, reproduction, and metabolic control. Finally, the functional implications of the estrogenic modulation of the PVN for body homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grassi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marraudino
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - L M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - G C Panzica
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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12
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Estrogenic Action in Stress-Induced Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050879. [PMID: 35269500 PMCID: PMC8909319 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are among important contributing factors to many sex differences in neuroendocrine regulation of energy homeostasis induced by stress. Research in this field is warranted since chronic stress-related psychiatric and metabolic disturbances continue to be top health concerns, and sex differences are witnessed in these aspects. For example, chronic stress disrupts energy homeostasis, leading to negative consequences in the regulation of emotion and metabolism. Females are known to be more vulnerable to the psychological consequences of stress, such as depression and anxiety, whereas males are more vulnerable to the metabolic consequences of stress. Sex differences that exist in the susceptibility to various stress-induced disorders have led researchers to hypothesize that gonadal hormones are regulatory factors that should be considered in stress studies. Further, estrogens are heavily recognized for their protective effects on metabolic dysregulation, such as anti-obesogenic and glucose-sensing effects. Perturbations to energy homeostasis using laboratory rodents, such as physiological stress or over-/under- feeding dietary regimen prevalent in today’s society, offer hints to the underlying mechanisms of estrogenic actions. Metabolic effects of estrogens primarily work through estrogen receptor α (ERα), which is differentially expressed between the sexes in hypothalamic nuclei regulating energy metabolism and in extrahypothalamic limbic regions that are not typically associated with energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss estrogenic actions implicated in stress-induced sex-distinct metabolic disorders.
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13
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Rønnekleiv OK, Qiu J, Kelly MJ. Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons and the Control of Homeostasis. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqab253. [PMID: 34953135 PMCID: PMC8758343 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons provide indispensable excitatory transmission to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons for the coordinated release of gonadotropins, estrous cyclicity, and ovulation. But maintaining reproductive functions is metabolically demanding so there must be a coordination with multiple homeostatic functions, and it is apparent that Kiss1 neurons play that role. There are 2 distinct populations of hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons, namely arcuate nucleus (Kiss1ARH) neurons and anteroventral periventricular and periventricular nucleus (Kiss1AVPV/PeN) neurons in rodents, both of which excite GnRH neurons via kisspeptin release but are differentially regulated by ovarian steroids. Estradiol (E2) increases the expression of kisspeptin in Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons but decreases its expression in Kiss1ARH neurons. Also, Kiss1ARH neurons coexpress glutamate and Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons coexpress gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), both of which are upregulated by E2 in females. Also, Kiss1ARH neurons express critical metabolic hormone receptors, and these neurons are excited by insulin and leptin during the fed state. Moreover, Kiss1ARH neurons project to and excite the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons but inhibit the orexigenic neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related peptide neurons, highlighting their role in regulating feeding behavior. Kiss1ARH and Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons also project to the preautonomic paraventricular nucleus (satiety) neurons and the dorsomedial nucleus (energy expenditure) neurons to differentially regulate their function via glutamate and GABA release, respectively. Therefore, this review will address not only how Kiss1 neurons govern GnRH release, but how they control other homeostatic functions through their peptidergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic connections, providing further evidence that Kiss1 neurons are the key neurons coordinating energy states with reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oline K Rønnekleiv
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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14
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Torres Irizarry VC, Jiang Y, He Y, Xu P. Hypothalamic Estrogen Signaling and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:898139. [PMID: 35757435 PMCID: PMC9218066 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.898139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic, and it is a major risk factor for other metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that there is sex-specific metabolic protection and disease susceptibility. For instance, in both clinical and experimental studies, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. In line with this, males tend to have more visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and less brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity, both leading to an increased incidence of metabolic disorders. This female-specific fat distribution is partially mediated by sex hormone estrogens. Specifically, hypothalamic estrogen signaling plays a vital role in regulating WAT distribution, WAT beiging, and BAT thermogenesis. These regulatory effects on adipose tissue metabolism are primarily mediated by the activation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in neurons, which interacts with hormones and adipokines such as leptin, ghrelin, and insulin. This review discusses the contribution of adipose tissue dysfunction to obesity and the role of hypothalamic estrogen signaling in preventing metabolic diseases with a particular focus on the VMH, the central regulator of energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C. Torres Irizarry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Yuwei Jiang, ; Yanlin He, ; Pingwen Xu,
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15
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Le N, Sayers S, Mata-Pacheco V, Wagner EJ. The PACAP Paradox: Dynamic and Surprisingly Pleiotropic Actions in the Central Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877647. [PMID: 35721722 PMCID: PMC9198406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP), a pleiotropic neuropeptide, is widely distributed throughout the body. The abundance of PACAP expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and years of accompanying experimental evidence, indicates that PACAP plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes ranging from autonomic regulation to neuroprotection. In addition, PACAP is also abundantly expressed in the hypothalamic areas like the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei (VMN and ARC, respectively), as well as other brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) - suggesting that PACAP is capable of regulating energy homeostasis via both the homeostatic and hedonic energy balance circuitries. The evidence gathered over the years has increased our appreciation for its function in controlling energy balance. Therefore, this review aims to further probe how the pleiotropic actions of PACAP in regulating energy homeostasis is influenced by sex and dynamic changes in energy status. We start with a general overview of energy homeostasis, and then introduce the integral components of the homeostatic and hedonic energy balance circuitries. Next, we discuss sex differences inherent to the regulation of energy homeostasis via these two circuitries, as well as the activational effects of sex steroid hormones that bring about these intrinsic disparities between males and females. Finally, we explore the multifaceted role of PACAP in regulating homeostatic and hedonic feeding through its actions in regions like the NAc, BNST, and in particular the ARC, VMN and VTA that occur in sex- and energy status-dependent ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Le
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Sayers
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Mata-Pacheco
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Edward J. Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Edward J. Wagner, ; www.westernu.edu
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16
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Le N, Hernandez J, Gastelum C, Perez L, Vahrson I, Sayers S, Wagner EJ. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Inhibits A 10 Dopamine Neurons and Suppresses the Binge-like Consumption of Palatable Food. Neuroscience 2021; 478:49-64. [PMID: 34597709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) binds to PACAP-specific (PAC1) receptors in multiple hypothalamic areas, especially those regulating energy balance. PACAP neurons in the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) exert anorexigenic effects within the homeostatic energy balance circuitry. Since PACAP can also reduce the consumption of palatable food, we tested the hypothesis that VMN PACAP neurons project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to inhibit A10 dopamine neurons via PAC1 receptors and KATP channels, and thereby suppress binge-like consumption. We performed electrophysiological recordings in mesencephalic slices from male PACAP-Cre and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-Cre mice. Initially, we injected PACAP (30 pmol) into the VTA, where it suppressed binge intake in wildtype male but not female mice. Subsequent tract tracing studies uncovered projections of VMN PACAP neurons to the VTA. Optogenetic stimulation of VMN PACAP neurons in voltage clamp induced an outward current and increase in conductance in VTA neurons, and a hyperpolarization and decrease in firing in current clamp. These effects were markedly attenuated by the KATP channel blocker tolbutamide (100 μM) and PAC1 receptor antagonist PACAP6-38 (200 nM). In recordings from A10 dopamine neurons in TH-Cre mice, we replicated the outward current by perfusing PACAP1-38 (100 nM). This response was again completely blocked by tolbutamide and PACAP6-38, and associated with a hyperpolarization and decrease in firing. These findings demonstrate that PACAP activates PAC1 receptors and KATP channels to inhibit A10 dopamine neurons and sex-dependently suppress binge-like consumption. Accordingly, they advance our understanding of how PACAP regulates energy homeostasis via the hedonic energy balance circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Le
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hernandez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Cassandra Gastelum
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Lynnea Perez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Isabella Vahrson
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Sayers
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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17
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Deletion of Stim1 in Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Kiss1 Neurons Potentiates Synchronous GCaMP Activity and Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9688-9701. [PMID: 34654752 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0622-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons are essential for reproduction, but their role in the control of energy balance and other homeostatic functions remains unclear. High-frequency firing of hypothalamic arcuate Kiss1 (Kiss1ARH) neurons releases kisspeptin into the median eminence, and neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin onto neighboring Kiss1ARH neurons to generate a slow EPSP mediated by TRPC5 channels that entrains intermittent, synchronous firing of Kiss1ARH neurons. High-frequency optogenetic stimulation of Kiss1ARH neurons also releases glutamate to excite the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and inhibit the orexigenic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons via metabotropic glutamate receptors. At the molecular level, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium-sensing protein stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is critically involved in the regulation of neuronal Ca2+ signaling and neuronal excitability through its interaction with plasma membrane (PM) calcium (e.g., TRPC) channels. Therefore, we hypothesized that deletion of Stim1 in Kiss1ARH neurons would increase neuronal excitability and their synchronous firing, which ultimately would affect energy homeostasis. Using optogenetics in combination with whole-cell recording and GCaMP6 imaging in slices, we discovered that deletion of Stim1 in Kiss1 neurons significantly increased the amplitude and duration of the slow EPSP and augmented synchronous [Ca2+]i oscillations in Kiss1ARH neurons. Deletion of Stim1 in Kiss1ARH neurons amplified the actions of NKB and protected ovariectomized female mice from developing obesity and glucose intolerance with high-fat dieting (HFD). Therefore, STIM1 appears to play a critical role in regulating synchronous firing of Kiss1ARH neurons, which ultimately affects the coordination between energy homeostasis and reproduction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hypothalamic arcuate kisspeptin (Kiss1ARH) neurons are essential for stimulating the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and maintaining fertility. However, Kiss1ARH neurons appear to be a key player in coordinating energy balance with reproduction. The regulation of calcium channels and hence calcium signaling is critically dependent on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium-sensing protein stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), which interacts with the plasma membrane (PM) calcium channels. We have conditionally deleted Stim1 in Kiss1ARH neurons and found that it significantly increased the excitability of Kiss1ARH neurons and protected ovariectomized female mice from developing obesity and glucose intolerance with high-fat dieting (HFD).
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18
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Arcuate and Preoptic Kisspeptin Neurons Exhibit Differential Projections to Hypothalamic Nuclei and Exert Opposite Postsynaptic Effects on Hypothalamic Paraventricular and Dorsomedial Nuclei in the Female Mouse. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0093-21.2021. [PMID: 34281980 PMCID: PMC8354717 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0093-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons provide indispensable excitatory input to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, which is important for the coordinated release of gonadotropins, estrous cyclicity and ovulation. However, Kiss1 neurons also send projections to many other brain regions within and outside the hypothalamus. Two different populations of Kiss1 neurons, one in the arcuate nucleus (Kiss1ARH) and another in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and periventricular nucleus (PeN; Kiss1AVPV/PeN) of the hypothalamus are differentially regulated by ovarian steroids, and are believed to form direct contacts with GnRH neurons as well as other neurons. To investigate the projection fields from Kiss1AVPV/PeN and Kiss1ARH neurons in female mice, we used anterograde projection analysis, and channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping (CRACM) to explore their functional input to select target neurons within the paraventricular (PVH) and dorsomedial (DMH) hypothalamus, key preautonomic nuclei. Cre-dependent viral (AAV1-DIO-ChR2 mCherry) vectors were injected into the brain to label the two Kiss1 neuronal populations. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) for mCherry and neuropeptides combined with confocal microscopy was used to determine the projection-fields of both Kiss1 neuronal groups. Whole-cell electrophysiology and optogenetics were used to elucidate the functional input to the PVH and DMH. Our analysis revealed many common but also several clearly separate projection fields between the two different populations of Kiss1 neurons. In addition, optogenetic stimulation of Kiss1 projections to PVH prodynorphin, Vglut2 and DMH CART-expressing neurons, revealed excitatory glutamatergic input from Kiss1ARH neurons and inhibitory GABAergic input from Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons. Therefore, these steroid-sensitive Kiss1 neuronal groups can differentially control the excitability of target neurons to coordinate autonomic functions with reproduction.
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19
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Zhang Z, DiVittorio JR, Joseph AM, Correa SM. The Effects of Estrogens on Neural Circuits That Control Temperature. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6262699. [PMID: 33939822 PMCID: PMC8237993 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Declining and variable levels of estrogens around the time of menopause are associated with a suite of metabolic, vascular, and neuroendocrine changes. The archetypal adverse effects of perimenopause are vasomotor symptoms, which include hot flashes and night sweats. Although vasomotor symptoms are routinely treated with hormone therapy, the risks associated with these treatments encourage us to seek alternative treatment avenues. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of estrogens on temperature regulation is a first step toward identifying novel therapeutic targets. Here we outline findings in rodents that reveal neural and molecular targets of estrogens within brain regions that control distinct components of temperature homeostasis. These insights suggest that estrogens may alter the function of multiple specialized neural circuits to coordinate the suite of changes after menopause. Thus, defining the precise cells and neural circuits that mediate the effects of estrogens on temperature has promise to identify strategies that would selectively counteract hot flashes or other negative side effects without the health risks that accompany systemic hormone therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Johnathon R DiVittorio
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexia M Joseph
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: Stephanie Correa, Ph.D., UCLA Dept. of Integrative Biology and Physiology 2028 Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E Young Drive East, Box 957239 Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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20
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Santollo J, Edwards AA, Howell JA, Myers KE. Bidirectional effects of estradiol on the control of water intake in female rats. Horm Behav 2021; 133:104996. [PMID: 34020111 PMCID: PMC8277715 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of estradiol (E2) on water intake has been recognized for 50 years. Despite a rich literature describing this phenomenon, we report here a previously unidentified dipsogenic effect of E2 during states of low fluid intake. Our initial goal was to test the hypothesis that the anti-dipsogenic effect of E2 on unstimulated water intake is independent of its anorexigenic effect in female rats. In support of this hypothesis, water intake was reduced during estrus, compared to diestrus, when food was present or absent. Water intake was reduced by E2 in ovariectomized rats when food was available, demonstrating a causative role of E2. Surprisingly, however, when food was removed, resulting in a significant reduction in baseline water intake, E2 enhanced drinking. Accordingly, we next tested the effect of E2 on water intake after an acute suppression of intake induced by exendin-4. The initial rebound drinking was greater in E2-treated, compared to Oil-treated, rats. Finally, to reconcile conflicting reports regarding the effect of ovariectomy on water intake, we measured daily water and food intake, and body weight in ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. Predictably, ovariectomy significantly increased food intake and body weight, but only transiently increased water intake. Together these results provide further support for independent effects of E2 on the controls of water and food intake. More importantly, this report of bidirectional effects of E2 on water intake may lead to a paradigm shift, as it challenges the prevailing view that E2 effects on fluid intake are exclusively inhibitory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Santollo
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biology, 675 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Andrea A Edwards
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biology, 675 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Julia A Howell
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biology, 675 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Katherine E Myers
- University of Kentucky, Department of Biology, 675 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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21
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Hypothalamic Expression of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Pro-OpioMelanoCortin (POMC) in Adult Male Mice Is Affected by Chronic Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060368. [PMID: 34207679 PMCID: PMC8228876 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the arcuate nucleus, neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, increase food intake and decrease energy expenditure, and control the activity of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, that decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. Both systems project to other hypothalamic nuclei such as the paraventricular and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental contaminants that alter the endocrine system causing adverse health effects in an intact organism or its progeny. We investigated the effects of long-term exposure to some EDCs on the hypothalamic NPY and POMC systems of adult male mice that had been previously demonstrated to be a target of some of these EDCs after short-term exposure. Animals were chronically fed for four months with a phytoestrogen-free diet containing two different concentrations of bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol, tributyltin, or E2. At the end, brains were processed for NPY and POMC immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed. In the arcuate and dorsomedial nuclei, both NPY and POMC immunoreactivity showed a statistically significant decrease. In the paraventricular nucleus, only the NPY system was affected, while the POMC system was not affected. Finally, in the VMH the NPY system was affected whereas no POMC immunoreactive material was observed. These results indicate that adult exposure to different EDCs may alter the hypothalamic circuits that control food intake and energy metabolism.
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22
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Virtual Screening of Cablin Patchouli Herb as a Treatment for Heat Stress: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Verification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8057587. [PMID: 33777163 PMCID: PMC7969090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8057587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heat-related diseases have long been known to damage the structure and function of essential macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby compromising the integrity of cells and tissues and the physiological functions of the entire organism. Heat stress is the physical discomfort caused by overheating the body and is also the initial manifestation of heat-related diseases. Cablin patchouli herb (CPB) has been used in China for two thousand years and has been used to treat heat stress, but to date, no related mechanistic research is available. In this study, KEGG and PPI networks and the TCMSP and GEO databases were used to explore the components of CPB in relation to heat stress: quercetin, genkwanin, irisolidone, 3,23-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid, and quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside. The targets identified were EGFR, NCOA1, FOS, HIF1A, NFKBIA, and NCOA2; these proteins were verified by molecular docking and experimental verification. In short, our research represents the first report on the use of the traditional Chinese medicine CPB to treat heat stress and thus has pioneering significance.
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23
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Zhang Z, Park JW, Ahn IS, Diamante G, Sivakumar N, Arneson D, Yang X, van Veen JE, Correa SM. Estrogen receptor alpha in the brain mediates tamoxifen-induced changes in physiology in mice. eLife 2021; 10:63333. [PMID: 33647234 PMCID: PMC7924955 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant tamoxifen therapy improves survival in breast cancer patients. Unfortunately, long-term treatment comes with side effects that impact health and quality of life, including hot flashes, changes in bone density, and fatigue. Partly due to a lack of proven animal models, the tissues and cells that mediate these negative side effects are unclear. Here, we show that mice undergoing tamoxifen treatment experience changes in temperature, bone, and movement. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that tamoxifen treatment induces widespread gene expression changes in the hypothalamus and preoptic area (hypothalamus-POA). These expression changes are dependent on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), as conditional knockout of ERα in the hypothalamus-POA ablates or reverses tamoxifen-induced gene expression. Accordingly, ERα-deficient mice do not exhibit tamoxifen-induced changes in temperature, bone, or movement. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the effects of tamoxifen on the hypothalamus-POA and indicate that ERα mediates several physiological effects of tamoxifen treatment in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jae Whan Park
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - In Sook Ahn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Graciel Diamante
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nilla Sivakumar
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Douglas Arneson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - J Edward van Veen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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Ghazvini H, Tirgar F, Khodamoradi M, Akbarnejad Z, Rafaiee R, Seyedhosseini Tamijani SM, Asadi-Shekaari M, Esmaeilpour K, Sheibani V. Ovarian hormones prevent methamphetamine-induced anxiety-related behaviors and neuronal damage in ovariectomized rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135652. [PMID: 33482310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) may cause long‒lasting neurotoxic effects and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone have neuroprotective effects. In the current study, we aimed to examine the effects of estrogen and progesterone on anxiety‒like behavior and neuronal damage in METH‒exposed ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Three weeks after ovariectomy, the animals received estrogen (1 mg/kg, i.p.), or progesterone (8 mg/kg, i.p.), or estrogen plus progesterone (with the same doses), or vehicle during 7 consecutive days (days 22-28). On day 28, OVX rats were exposed to a single‒day METH regimen (6 mg/kg, four s.c. Injections, with 2 h interval) 30 min after the hormone treatment. The next day (on day 29), the animals were assessed for anxiety‒related behaviors using the open field and elevated plus‒maze tasks. The animals were then sacrificed and brain water content, cell apoptosis and expression of IL-1β were evaluated. The findings showed that treatment with estrogen or progesterone alone in METH‒exposed rats significantly improved hyperthermia, anxiety‒like behavior, neuronal damage, and inflammation in the CA1 area. Also, treatment with estrogen plus progesterone improved hyperthermia and brain edema. Taken together, the findings suggest that treatment with ovarian hormones can partially prevent hyperthermia and anxiety‒related behaviors induced by METH in OVX rats, which could be accompanied by their neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ghazvini
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tirgar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khodamoradi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Akbarnejad
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, The Five Senses Health Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafaiee
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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25
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Chang R, Hernandez J, Gastelum C, Guadagno K, Perez L, Wagner EJ. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Excites Proopiomelanocortin Neurons: Implications for the Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:45-69. [PMID: 32028278 DOI: 10.1159/000506367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) excites proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons via PAC1 receptor mediation and transient receptor potential cation (TRPC) channel activation. METHODS Electrophysiological recordings were done in slices from both intact male and ovariectomized (OVX) female PACAP-Cre mice and eGFP-POMC mice. RESULTS In recordings from POMC neurons in eGFP-POMC mice, PACAP induced a robust inward current and increase in conductance in voltage clamp, and a depolarization and increase in firing in current clamp. These postsynaptic actions were abolished by inhibitors of the PAC1 receptor, TRPC channels, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and protein kinase C. Estradiol augmented the PACAP-induced inward current, depolarization, and increased firing, which was abrogated by estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists. In optogenetic recordings from POMC neurons in PACAP-Cre mice, high-frequency photostimulation induced inward currents, depolarizations, and increased firing that were significantly enhanced by Gq-coupled membrane ER signaling in an ER antagonist-sensitive manner. Importantly, the PACAP-induced excitation of POMC neurons was notably reduced in obese, high-fat (HFD)-fed males. In vivo experiments revealed that intra-arcuate nucleus (ARC) PACAP as well as chemogenetic and optogenetic stimulation of ventromedial nucleus (VMN) PACAP neurons produced a significant decrease in energy intake accompanied by an increase in energy expenditure, effects blunted by HFD in males and partially potentiated by estradiol in OVX females. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that the PACAP-induced activation of PAC1 receptor and TRPC5 channels at VMN PACAP/ARC POMC synapses is potentiated by estradiol and attenuated under conditions of diet-induced obesity/insulin resistance. As such, they advance our understanding of how PACAP regulates the homeostatic energy balance circuitry under normal and pathophysiological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Chang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Hernandez
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Cassandra Gastelum
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Guadagno
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Lynnea Perez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA,
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA,
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26
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Massa MG, Correa SM. Sexes on the brain: Sex as multiple biological variables in the neuronal control of feeding. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165840. [PMID: 32428559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal interactions at the level of vagal, homeostatic, and hedonic circuitry work to regulate the neuronal control of feeding. This integrative system appears to vary across sex and gender in the animal and human worlds. Most feeding research investigating these variations across sex and gender focus on how the organizational and activational mechanisms of hormones contribute to these differences. However, in limited studies spanning both the central and peripheral nervous systems, sex differences in feeding have been shown to manifest not just at the level of the hormonal, but also at the chromosomal, epigenetic, cellular, and even circuitry levels to alter food intake. In this review, we provide a brief orientation to the current understanding of how these neuronal systems interact before dissecting selected studies from the recent literature to exemplify how feeding physiology at all levels can be affected by the various components of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Massa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Neuroscience Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Stephanie M Correa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Sievers W, Rathner JA, Kettle C, Zacharias A, Irving HR, Green RA. The capacity for oestrogen to influence obesity through brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:592-602. [PMID: 31890250 PMCID: PMC6934433 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions to aid weight loss have historically targeted either appetite suppression or increased metabolic rate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the capacity to expend energy in a futile cycle, thus increasing basal metabolic rate. In animal models, oestrogen has been implicated in the regulation of body weight, and it is hypothesized that oestrogen is acting by modulating BAT metabolism. A systematic search was performed, to identify research articles implementing in vivo oestrogen-related interventions and reporting outcome measures that provide direct or indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient data were available. The final library of 67 articles were predominantly in rodent models and provided mostly indirect measures of BAT metabolism. Results of this review found that oestrogen's effects on body weight, in rats and possibly mice, are likely facilitated by both metabolic and appetitive mechanisms but are largely only found in ovariectomized models. There is a need for further studies to clarify the potential effects of oestrogen on BAT metabolism in gonad-intact and castrated male animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Sievers
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joseph A. Rathner
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of PhysiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christine Kettle
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anita Zacharias
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Helen R. Irving
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rodney A. Green
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBendigoVictoriaAustralia
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28
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The loss of ERE-dependent ERα signaling potentiates the effects of maternal high-fat diet on energy homeostasis in female offspring fed an obesogenic diet. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:285-296. [PMID: 31543088 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) alters hypothalamic programming and disrupts offspring energy homeostasis in rodents. We previously reported that the loss of ERα signaling partially blocks the effects of maternal HFD in female offspring fed a standard chow diet. In a companion study, we determined if the effects of maternal HFD were magnified by an adult obesogenic diet in our transgenic mouse models. Heterozygous ERα knockout (wild-type (WT)/KO) dams were fed a control breeder chow diet (25% fat) or a semipurified HFD (45% fat) 4 weeks prior to mating with heterozygous males (WT/KO or WT/ knockin) to produce WT, ERα KO, or ERα knockin/knockout (KIKO) (no estrogen response element (ERE) binding) female offspring, which were fed HFD for 20 weeks. Maternal HFD potentiated the effects of adult HFD on KIKO and KO body weight due to increased adiposity and decreased activity. Maternal HFD also produced KIKO females that exhibit KO-like insulin intolerance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Maternal HFD increased plasma interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels and G6pc and Pepck liver expression only in WT mice. Insulin and tumor necrosis factor α levels were higher in KO offspring from HFD-fed dams. Arcuate and liver expression of Esr1 was altered in KIKO and WT, respectively. These data suggest that loss of ERE-dependent ERα signaling, and not total ERα signaling, sensitizes females to the deleterious influence of maternal HFD on offspring energy and glucose potentially through the control of peripheral inflammation and hypothalamic and liver gene expression. Future studies will interrogate the tissue-specific mechanisms of maternal HFD programming through ERα signaling.
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29
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Vail G, Roepke TA. Membrane-initiated estrogen signaling via Gq-coupled GPCR in the central nervous system. Steroids 2019; 142:77-83. [PMID: 29378226 PMCID: PMC6064680 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have revealed increasing complexity and depth to our knowledge of receptor-mediated estrogen signaling. Nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ remain the fundamental dogma, but recent research targeting membrane-bound ERs urges for a more expanded view on ER signaling. ERα and ERβ are also involved in membrane-delineated signaling alongside membrane-specific G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), ER-X, and the Gq-coupled membrane ER (Gq-mER). Membrane ERs are responsible for eliciting rapid responses to estrogen signaling, and their importance has been increasingly indicated in central nervous system (CNS) regulation of such functions as reproduction, energy homeostasis, and stress. While the Gq-mER signaling pathway is well characterized, the receptor structure and gene remains uncharacterized, although it is not similar to the nuclear ERα/β. This review will describe the current knowledge of this putative membrane ER and its selective ligand, STX, from its initial characterization in hypothalamic melanocortin circuitry to recent research exploring its role in the CNS outside of the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyndolin Vail
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
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Krolick KN, Zhu Q, Shi H. Effects of Estrogens on Central Nervous System Neurotransmission: Implications for Sex Differences in Mental Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 160:105-171. [PMID: 30470289 PMCID: PMC6737530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one of every five US individuals aged 12 years old or older lives with certain types of mental disorders. Men are more likely to use various types of substances, while women tend to be more susceptible to mood disorders, addiction, and eating disorders, all of which are risks associated with suicidal attempts. Fundamental sex differences exist in multiple aspects of the functions and activities of neurotransmitter-mediated neural circuits in the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation of these neural circuits leads to various types of mental disorders. The potential mechanisms of sex differences in the CNS neural circuitry regulating mood, reward, and motivation are only beginning to be understood, although they have been largely attributed to the effects of sex hormones on CNS neurotransmission pathways. Understanding this topic is important for developing prevention and treatment of mental disorders that should be tailored differently for men and women. Studies using animal models have provided important insights into pathogenesis, mechanisms, and new therapeutic approaches of human diseases, but some concerns remain to be addressed. The purpose of this chapter is to integrate human and animal studies involving the effects of the sex hormones, estrogens, on CNS neurotransmission, reward processing, and associated mental disorders. We provide an overview of existing evidence for the physiological, behavioral, cellular, and molecular actions of estrogens in the context of controlling neurotransmission in the CNS circuits regulating mood, reward, and motivation and discuss related pathology that leads to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N Krolick
- Center for Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Qi Zhu
- Center for Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Haifei Shi
- Center for Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States; Cellular, Molecular and Structural Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States.
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Qiu J, Rivera HM, Bosch MA, Padilla SL, Stincic TL, Palmiter RD, Kelly MJ, Rønnekleiv OK. Estrogenic-dependent glutamatergic neurotransmission from kisspeptin neurons governs feeding circuits in females. eLife 2018; 7:e35656. [PMID: 30079889 PMCID: PMC6103748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptides tachykinin2 (Tac2) and kisspeptin (Kiss1) in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus Kiss1 (Kiss1ARH) neurons are essential for pulsatile release of GnRH and reproduction. Since 17β-estradiol (E2) decreases Kiss1 and Tac2 mRNA expression in Kiss1ARH neurons, the role of Kiss1ARH neurons during E2-driven anorexigenic states and their coordination of POMC and NPY/AgRP feeding circuits have been largely ignored. Presently, we show that E2 augmented the excitability of Kiss1ARH neurons by amplifying Cacna1g, Hcn1 and Hcn2 mRNA expression and T-type calcium and h-currents. E2 increased Slc17a6 mRNA expression and glutamatergic synaptic input to arcuate neurons, which excited POMC and inhibited NPY/AgRP neurons via metabotropic receptors. Deleting Slc17a6 in Kiss1 neurons eliminated glutamate release and led to conditioned place preference for sucrose in E2-treated KO female mice. Therefore, the E2-driven increase in Kiss1 neuronal excitability and glutamate neurotransmission may play a key role in governing the motivational drive for palatable food in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qiu
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Heidi M Rivera
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Martha A Bosch
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Stephanie L Padilla
- Department of BiochemistryHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Todd L Stincic
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Department of BiochemistryHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science UniversityBeavertonUnited States
| | - Oline K Rønnekleiv
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science UniversityBeavertonUnited States
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Stincic TL, Rønnekleiv OK, Kelly MJ. Diverse actions of estradiol on anorexigenic and orexigenic hypothalamic arcuate neurons. Horm Behav 2018; 104:146-155. [PMID: 29626486 PMCID: PMC6196116 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. There is now compelling evidence for membrane-associated estrogen receptors in hypothalamic neurons that are critical for the hypothalamic control of homeostatic functions. It has been known for some time that estradiol (E2) can rapidly alter hypothalamic neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane initiated events. However, our understanding of how E2 signals via membrane-associated receptors and how these signals impact physiological functions is only just emerging. Thus, E2 can affect second messenger systems including calcium mobilization and a plethora of kinases to alter cell excitability and even gene transcription in hypothalamic neurons. One population of hypothalamic neurons, the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, has long been considered to be a target of E2's actions based on gene (Pomc) expression studies. However, we now know that E2 can rapidly alter POMC neuronal activity within seconds and activate several intracellular signaling cascades that ultimately affect gene expression, actions which are critical for maintaining sensitivity to insulin in metabolically stressed states. E2 also affects the orexigenic Neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related Peptide (NPY/AgRP) neurons in similarly rapid but antagonistic manner. Therefore, this review will summarize our current state of knowledge of how E2 signals via rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling cascades in POMC and NPY/AgRP neurons to regulate energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Stincic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Oline K Rønnekleiv
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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Rivera HM, Stincic TL. Estradiol and the control of feeding behavior. Steroids 2018; 133:44-52. [PMID: 29180290 PMCID: PMC5864536 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review lays out the evidence for the role of E2 in homeostatic and hedonic feeding across several species. While significant effort has been expended on homeostatic feeding research, more studies for hedonic feeding need to be conducted (i.e. are there increases in meal size and enhanced motivation to natural food rewards). By identifying the underlying neural circuitry involved, one can better delineate the mechanisms by which E2 influences feeding behavior. By utilizing more selective neural targeting techniques, such as optogenetics, significant progress can be made toward this goal. Together, behavioral and physiological techniques will help us to better understand neural deficits that can increase the risk for obesity in the absence of E2 (menopause) and aid in developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Rivera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - T L Stincic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Zhang HY, Xue WY, Zhu YS, Huo WQ, Xu B, Xu SQ. Perinatal exposure to 4-nonylphenol can affect fatty acid synthesis in the livers of F1 and F2 generation rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:283-292. [PMID: 30090582 PMCID: PMC6062378 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of different dosages of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on the fatty acid synthesis and estrogen receptor α (ERα) expression in the livers of F1 and F2 rats. Method: Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, NP-5 (5 μg per kg per day), NP-25 (25 μg per kg per day) and NP-125 (125 μg per kg per day). 4-NP was gavaged from gestation day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21. Some female rats from the experimental groups were mated with male rats from the control group to obtain the F2 rats. F1 generation rats (23 weeks old) and F2 generation rats (13 weeks old) were killed to detect blood biochemistry and the expression of genes and proteins. Results: Compared with the control group, 4-NP (NP-5, NP-25 and NP-125) can increase the liver organ coefficient of the F1 male offspring (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the F1 female NP-5 group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01); other indicators had not changed, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). As the dosage of 4-NP increased, more significant changes of blood biochemistry were found, especially in the NP-125 rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The changes of histopathology by liver biopsy were consistent with biochemical indices of blood (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the degrees of increase were proportional to the dose of 4-NP, as measured by lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), fatty acid synthetase (Fas), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar)-γ. The expression of genes and proteins of ERα were changed significantly, as well (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The above changes in the liver tissues of F2 generation rats were consistent with the F1 generation rats. Conclusion: Perinatal exposure to 4-NP can affect the synthesis of fatty acid in the livers of F1 and F2 generation rats. The low expression of ERα may be one of the mechanisms by which 4-NP affected fatty acid synthesis in the livers of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan 430030 , China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83657705
| | - Wei-Yan Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83657705
| | - Ying-Shuang Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83657705
| | - Wen-Qian Huo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83657705
| | - Bing Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83657705
| | - Shun-Qing Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83657705
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Miragem AA, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Nitric oxide-heat shock protein axis in menopausal hot flushes: neglected metabolic issues of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with deranged heat shock response. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:600-628. [PMID: 28903474 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some unequivocal underlying mechanisms of menopausal hot flushes have been demonstrated in animal models, the paucity of similar approaches in humans impedes further mechanistic outcomes. Human studies might show some as yet unexpected physiological mechanisms of metabolic adaptation that permeate the phase of decreased oestrogen levels in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. This is particularly relevant because both the severity and time span of hot flushes are associated with increased risk of chronic inflammatory disease. On the other hand, oestrogen induces the expression of heat shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective protein chaperones, whose expression is modulated by different types of physiologically stressful situations, including heat stress and exercise. Therefore, lower HSP70 expression secondary to oestrogen deficiency increases cardiovascular risk and predisposes the patient to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that culminates in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesities, type 2 diabetes, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review focuses on HSP70 and its accompanying heat shock response (HSR), which is an anti-inflammatory and antisenescent pathway whose intracellular triggering is also oestrogen-dependent via nitric oxide (NO) production. The main goal of the manuscript was to show that the vasomotor symptoms that accompany hot flushes may be a disguised clue for important neuroendocrine alterations linking oestrogen deficiency to the anti-inflammatory HSR. SEARCH METHODS Results from our own group and recent evidence on hypothalamic control of central temperature guided a search on PubMed and Google Scholar websites. OUTCOMES Oestrogen elicits rapid production of the vasodilatory gas NO, a powerful activator of HSP70 expression. Whence, part of the protective effects of oestrogen over cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems is tied to its capacity of inducing the NO-elicited HSR. The hypothalamic areas involved in thermoregulation (infundibular nucleus in humans and arcuate nucleus in other mammals) and whose neurons are known to have their function altered after long-term oestrogen ablation, particularly kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin neurons, (KNDy) are the same that drive neuroprotective expression of HSP70 and, in many cases, this response is via NO even in the absence of oestrogen. From thence, it is not illogical that hot flushes might be related to an evolutionary adaptation to re-equip the NO-HSP70 axis during the downfall of circulating oestrogen. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding of HSR could shed light on yet uncovered mechanisms of menopause-associated diseases as well as on possible manipulation of HSR in menopausal women through physiological, pharmacological, nutraceutical and prebiotic interventions. Moreover, decreased HSR indices (that can be clinically determined with ease) in perimenopause could be of prognostic value in predicting the moment and appropriateness of starting a HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology 'Farroupilha', Rua Uruguai 1675, Santa Rosa, RS 98900-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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Qin X, Xiao Y, Ye C, Jia J, Liu X, Liang H, Zou G, Hu G. Pituitary Action of E2 in Prepubertal Grass Carp: Receptor Specificity and Signal Transduction for Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:308. [PMID: 29937753 PMCID: PMC6002485 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) is an important sex steroid produced by ovary and brain. In mammals, E2 plays an important role in hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis to regulate puberty onset, however, little is known about the functional role of E2 in teleost pituitary. Using prepubertal grass carp as model, three nuclear estrogen receptors (nERs: estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta 1, and estrogen receptor beta 2) and two G protein-coupled estrogen receptors (GPER1: GPER1a and GPER1b) were isolated from grass carp pituitary. Tissue distribution analysis indicated that both nERs and GPERs were highly detected in grass carp pituitary, which suggested that E2 should play an important role in grass carp pituitary. Using primary cultured grass carp pituitary cells as model, high-throughput RNA-seq was used to examine the E2-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Transcriptomic analysis showed that E2 could significantly upregulate the expression of 28 genes in grass carp pituitary cells, which were characterized into different functions including reproduction, gonad development, and central nervous system development. Further studies confirmed that E2 could induce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and mRNA expression in prepubertal grass carp pituitary in vivo and in vitro. In the pituitary, LH and FSH regulation by E2 were mediated by both ERβ and GPER1. Apparently, E2-induced LHβ and FSHβ mRNA expression were mediated by adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A, phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C, and Ca2+/calmodulin/CaM-dependent protein kinase II pathways. In addition to LH and FSH, E2 could also induce growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (a novel regulator for pituitary development) mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. These results, as a whole, suggested that E2 could play an important role in gonadotropin hormone release and pituitary development in prepubertal grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Qin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqian Xiao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Jia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangjiang Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiwei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangfu Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guangfu Hu,
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Krajewski-Hall SJ, Blackmore EM, McMinn JR, Rance NE. Estradiol alters body temperature regulation in the female mouse. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 5:56-69. [PMID: 29687044 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1384090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot flushes are due to estrogen withdrawal and characterized by the episodic activation of heat dissipation effectors. Recent studies (in humans and rats) have implicated neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor signaling in the genesis of hot flushes. Although transgenic mice are increasingly used for biomedical research, there is limited information on how 17β-estradiol and NK3 receptor signaling alters thermoregulation in the mouse. In this study, a method was developed to measure tail skin temperature (TSKIN) using a small data-logger attached to the surface of the tail, which, when combined with a telemetry probe for core temperature (TCORE), allowed us to monitor thermoregulation in freely-moving mice over long durations. We report that estradiol treatment of ovariectomized mice reduced TCORE during the light phase (but not the dark phase) while having no effect on TSKIN or activity. Estradiol also lowered TCORE in mice exposed to ambient temperatures ranging from 20 to 36°C. Unlike previous studies in the rat, estradiol treatment of ovariectomized mice did not reduce TSKIN during the dark phase. Subcutaneous injections of an NK3 receptor agonist (senktide) in ovariectomized mice caused an acute increase in TSKIN and a reduction in TCORE, consistent with the activation of heat dissipation effectors. These changes were reduced by estradiol, suggesting that estradiol lowers the sensitivity of central thermoregulatory pathways to NK3 receptor activation. Overall, we show that estradiol treatment of ovariectomized mice decreases TCORE during the light phase, reduces the thermoregulatory effects of senktide and modulates thermoregulation differently than previously described in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Krajewski-Hall
- Departments of Pathology (S.J.K-H., E.M.B., J.R.M. and N.E.R.), Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.E.R.), Neurology (N.E.R.) and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (N.E.R.) University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elise M Blackmore
- Departments of Pathology (S.J.K-H., E.M.B., J.R.M. and N.E.R.), Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.E.R.), Neurology (N.E.R.) and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (N.E.R.) University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jessi R McMinn
- Departments of Pathology (S.J.K-H., E.M.B., J.R.M. and N.E.R.), Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.E.R.), Neurology (N.E.R.) and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (N.E.R.) University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Naomi E Rance
- Departments of Pathology (S.J.K-H., E.M.B., J.R.M. and N.E.R.), Cellular and Molecular Medicine (N.E.R.), Neurology (N.E.R.) and the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute (N.E.R.) University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Lu S, Sun C, Miao C, Zhao Z. ERβ compensates for the absence of ERα function to promote osteoblast viability by inhibition of SOST signaling. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3387-3392. [PMID: 29042923 PMCID: PMC5639354 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) serve key functions in bone development and maintenance, and in the metabolism of bone mineral. ERβ and ERα form heterodimers, and ERβ negatively regulates the transactivation of ERα. ERβ also inhibits recruitment of ERα to the estrogen-responsive promoters. However, the relationship of ERα and ERβ in the regulation of osteoblast viability and differentiation remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether ERβ plays a role in balancing ERα activity in osteoblast cells. Downregulation of ERα by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was found to significantly increase cell cycle arrest at G1 phase (P<0.01). In addition, this effect was found to be significantly enhanced by downregulation of ERβ (P<0.05). Inversely, ERα-knocked down osteoblasts were treated with ERβ agonist 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) to activate ERβ. It was found that activation of ERβ significantly rescued the arrest of cell cycle induced by the downregulation of ERα (P<0.05). Furthermore, downregulation of ERα was found to significantly inhibit cell viability (P<0.01), and knockdown of ERβ was found to have a significant synergic effect with ERα downregulation on the inhibition of cell viability (P<0.01). Treatment with ERβ agonist DPN significantly rescued the effects of downregulation of ERα on cell viability (P<0.01). It was also demonstrated that the synergic effects of ERα and ERβ deletion was via upregulation of SOST gene expression, and the subsequent inhibition of OPG and Runx2 gene expression. Thus, ERβ may serve a function in balancing osteoblast viability and differentiation induced by ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Changying Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Congxiu Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
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Roepke TA, Yasrebi A, Villalobos A, Krumm EA, Yang JA, Mamounis KJ. Loss of ERα partially reverses the effects of maternal high-fat diet on energy homeostasis in female mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6381. [PMID: 28743985 PMCID: PMC5526977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) alters hypothalamic developmental programming and disrupts offspring energy homeostasis in rodents. 17β-estradiol (E2) also influences hypothalamic programming through estrogen receptor (ER) α. Therefore, we hypothesized that females lacking ERα would be more susceptible to maternal HFD. To address this question, heterozygous ERα knockout (WT/KO) dams were fed a control breeder chow diet (25% fat) or a semi-purified HFD (45% fat) 4 weeks prior to mating with WT/KO males or heterozygous males with an ERα DNA-binding domain mutation knocked in (WT/KI) to produce WT, ERα KO, or ERα KIKO females lacking ERE-dependent ERα signaling. Maternal HFD increased body weight in WT and KIKO, in part, due to increased adiposity and daytime carbohydrate utilization in WT and KIKO, while increasing nighttime fat utilization in KO. Maternal HFD also increased plasma leptin, IL-6, and MCP-1 in WT and increased arcuate expression of Kiss1 and Esr1 (ERα) and liver expression of G6pc and Pepck in WT and KIKO. Contrary to our hypothesis, these data suggest that loss of ERα signaling blocks the influence of maternal HFD on energy homeostasis, inflammation, and hypothalamic and liver gene expression and that restoration of ERE-independent ERα signaling partially reestablishes susceptibility to maternal HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alejandra Villalobos
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Krumm
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer A Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Kyle J Mamounis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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Freire-Regatillo A, Argente-Arizón P, Argente J, García-Segura LM, Chowen JA. Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:51. [PMID: 28377744 PMCID: PMC5359311 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brain is composed of numerous cell types, neurons have received the vast majority of attention in the attempt to understand how this organ functions. Neurons are indeed fundamental but, in order for them to function correctly, they rely on the surrounding "non-neuronal" cells. These different cell types, which include glia, epithelial cells, pericytes, and endothelia, supply essential substances to neurons, in addition to protecting them from dangerous substances and situations. Moreover, it is now clear that non-neuronal cells can also actively participate in determining neuronal signaling outcomes. Due to the increasing problem of obesity in industrialized countries, investigation of the central control of energy balance has greatly increased in attempts to identify new therapeutic targets. This has led to interesting advances in our understanding of how appetite and systemic metabolism are modulated by non-neuronal cells. For example, not only are nutrients and hormones transported into the brain by non-neuronal cells, but these cells can also metabolize these metabolic factors, thus modifying the signals reaching the neurons. The hypothalamus is the main integrating center of incoming metabolic and hormonal signals and interprets this information in order to control appetite and systemic metabolism. Hence, the factors transported and released from surrounding non-neuronal cells will undoubtedly influence metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on what is known to date regarding the involvement of different cell types in the transport and metabolism of nutrients and hormones in the hypothalamus. The possible involvement of non-neuronal cells, in particular glial cells, in physiopathological outcomes of poor dietary habits and excess weight gain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Laboratory of Neuroactive Steroids, Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Yang JA, Stires H, Belden WJ, Roepke TA. The Arcuate Estrogen-Regulated Transcriptome: Estrogen Response Element-Dependent and -Independent Signaling of ERα in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:612-626. [PMID: 28359086 PMCID: PMC5460777 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To influence energy homeostasis and reproduction, 17β-estradiol (E2) controls the arcuate nucleus (ARC) through multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms, but primarily via estrogen receptor (ER) α, which signals through both estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To determine ERα-mediated, ERE-dependent, and ERE-independent E2 signaling in the ARC, we examined the differential regulation of the mouse arcuate transcriptome by E2 using three mice genotypes: (1) wild-type, (2) ERα knock-in/knockout (ERE-independent mechanisms), and (3) total ERα knockout (ERα-independent mechanisms). Females were ovariectomized and injected with oil or E2, and RNA sequencing on the ARC was used to identify E2-regulated genes in each genotype. Our results show that E2 regulates numerous genes involved in cell signaling, cytoskeleton structure, inflammation, neurotransmission, neuropeptide production, and transcription. Furthermore, ERE-independent signaling regulates ARC genes expressed in kisspeptin neurons and transcription factors that control the hypothalamic/pituitary/gonadal axis. Interestingly, a few genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative respiration were regulated by E2 through ERα-independent signaling. A comparison within oil- and E2-treated females across the three genotypes suggests that genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, extracellular matrices, neuropeptides, receptors, and transcription are differentially expressed across the genotypes. Comparing with previously published chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis, we found that ERE-independent regulation in the ARC is mainly mediated by tethering of ERα, which is consistent with previous findings. We conclude that the mouse arcuate estrogen-regulated transcriptome is regulated by multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms to modulate the central control of energy homeostasis and reproduction, including novel E2-responsive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hillary Stires
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - William J Belden
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences and Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Yasrebi A, Rivera JA, Krumm EA, Yang JA, Roepke TA. Activation of Estrogen Response Element-Independent ERα Signaling Protects Female Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocrinology 2017; 158:319-334. [PMID: 27901601 PMCID: PMC5413076 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) regulates central and peripheral mechanisms that control energy and glucose homeostasis predominantly through estrogen receptor α (ERα) acting via receptor binding to estrogen response elements (EREs). ERα signaling is also involved in mediating the effects of E2 on diet-induced obesity (DIO), although the roles of ERE-dependent and -independent ERα signaling in reducing the effects of DIO remain largely unknown. We hypothesize that ERE-dependent ERα signaling is necessary to ameliorate the effects of DIO. We addressed this question using ERα knockout (KO) and ERα knockin/knockout (KIKO) female mice, the latter expressing an ERα that lacks a functional ERE binding domain. Female mice were ovariectomized, fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD), and orally dosed with vehicle or estradiol benzoate (EB) (300 μg/kg). After 9 weeks, body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, peptide hormone and inflammatory cytokine levels, and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and liver gene expression were assessed. EB reduced body weight and body fat in wild-type (WT) female mice, regardless of diet, and in HFD-fed KIKO female mice, in part by reducing energy intake and feeding efficiency. EB reduced fasting glucose levels in KIKO mice fed both diets but augmented glucose tolerance only in HFD-fed KIKO female mice. Plasma insulin and interleukin 6 were elevated in KIKO and KO female mice compared with LFD-fed WT female mice. Expression of arcuate neuropeptide and receptor genes and liver fatty acid biosynthesis genes was altered by HFD and by EB through ERE-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Therefore, ERE-independent signaling mechanisms in both the brain and peripheral organs mediate, in part, the effects of E2 during DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, and
| | - Janelle A. Rivera
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
| | - Elizabeth A. Krumm
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, and
| | - Jennifer A. Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, and
| | - Troy A. Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences,
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, and
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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Zhang Z, Liu J, Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Su Y, Foppen E, van der Eerden BCJ, Koedam M, Bravenboer N, Kalsbeek A, Boelen A, Fliers E, Bisschop PH. Effects of Chronic Estrogen Administration in the Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (VMH) on Fat and Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4930-4942. [PMID: 27911148 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency after ovariectomy (OVX) results in increased adiposity and bone loss, which can be prevented by systemic 17-β estradiol (E2) replacement. Studies in transgenic mice suggested that in addition to direct actions of estrogen in peripheral tissues, also estrogen signaling in the hypothalamus regulates fat distribution and bone metabolism. We hypothesized that the protective effect of systemic E2 on fat and bone metabolism in the OVX model is partly mediated through the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of systemic, central, and targeted VMH administration of E2 on fat and bone metabolism in OVX rats. Subcutaneous administration of E2 for 4 weeks decreased body weight, gonadal and perirenal fat, and bone formation rate in OVX rats. This effect was completely mimicked by intracerebroventricular injections of E2, once every 4 days for 4 weeks. Administration of E2 locally in the VMH by retromicrodialysis (3 h) acutely increased expression of the lipolytic gene hormone-sensitive lipase in gonadal and perirenal fat. Finally, chronic administration of E2 in the VMH for 8 weeks decreased perirenal fat but did not affect body weight, trabecular bone volume, or cortical thickness. In conclusion, we demonstrated that intracerebroventricular E2 replacement reduces body weight gain, ameliorates intraabdominal fat accumulation, and reduces bone formation in the OVX rats. E2 administration selectively in the VMH also reduced intraabdominal fat but did not affect bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - J Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - A G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - Y Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - E Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - B C J van der Eerden
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - M Koedam
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - A Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - A Boelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - E Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
| | - P H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (Z.Z., J.L., A.G.V.-V., E.Fo., A.K., A.B., E.Fl., P.H.B.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ The Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms (Y.S., A.K.), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine (B.C.J.v.d.E., M.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry (N.B.), VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L.), Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey 08901
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Chambliss KL, Barrera J, Umetani M, Umetani J, Kim SH, Madak-Erdogan Z, Huang L, Katzenellenbogen BS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Mineo C, Shaul PW. Nonnuclear Estrogen Receptor Activation Improves Hepatic Steatosis in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3731-3741. [PMID: 27552247 PMCID: PMC5045504 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have the potential to afford atheroprotection, to prevent excess adiposity and its metabolic complications including insulin resistance, and to lessen hepatic steatosis. Cellular responses to estrogens occur through gene regulation by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), and through signal initiation by plasma membrane-associated ER. Leveraging the potentially favorable cardiometabolic actions of estrogens has been challenging, because their reproductive tract and cancer-promoting effects adversely impact the risk to benefit ratio of the therapy. In previous works, we discovered that an estrogen dendrimer conjugate (EDC) comprised of ethinyl-estradiol (E2) molecules linked to a poly(amido)amine dendrimer selectively activates nonnuclear ER, and in mice, EDC does not invoke a uterotrophic response or support ER-positive breast cancer growth. In the present investigation, we employed EDC to determine how selective nonnuclear ER activation impacts atherosclerosis, adiposity, glucose homeostasis, and hepatic steatosis in female mice. In contrast to E2, EDC did not blunt atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic apoE-/- mice. Also in contrast to E2, EDC did not prevent the increase in adiposity caused by Western diet feeding in wild-type mice, and it did not affect Western diet-induced glucose intolerance. However, E2 and EDC had comparable favorable effect on diet-induced hepatic steatosis, and this was related to down-regulation of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis genes in the liver. Predictably, only E2 caused a uterotrophic response. Thus, although nonnuclear ER activation does not prevent atherosclerosis or diet-induced obesity or glucose intolerance, it may provide a potential new strategy to combat hepatic steatosis without impacting the female reproductive tract or increasing cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken L Chambliss
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Jose Barrera
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Michihisa Umetani
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Junko Umetani
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Linzhang Huang
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Philip W Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology (K.L.C., J.B., M.U., J.U., L.H., C.M., P.W.S.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390; and Departments of Chemistry (S.H.K., J.A.K.), Food Science and Human Nutrition (Z.M.-E.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (B.S.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
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Hu P, Liu J, Yasrebi A, Gotthardt JD, Bello NT, Pang ZP, Roepke TA. Gq Protein-Coupled Membrane-Initiated Estrogen Signaling Rapidly Excites Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus in Female Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3604-20. [PMID: 27387482 PMCID: PMC5007888 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CRH neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a central role in regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and are directly influenced by 17β-estradiol (E2). Although compelling evidence has suggested the existence of membrane-associated estrogen receptors (mERs) in hypothalamic and other central nervous system neurons, it remains unknown whether E2 impacts CRH neuronal excitability through this mechanism. The purpose of the current study is to examine the existence and function of mER signaling in PVN CRH neurons. Whole-cell recordings were made from CRH neurons identified by Alexa Fluor 594 labeling and post hoc immunostaining in ovariectomized female mice. E2 (100nM) rapidly suppressed the M-current (a voltage-dependent K(+) current) and potentiated glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents. The putative Gq-coupled mER (Gq-mER) characterized in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons initiates a phospholipase C-protein kinase C-protein kinase A pathway; therefore, we examined the involvement of this pathway using selective inhibitors. Indeed, the ER antagonist ICI 182780 and inhibitors of Gq-phospholipase C-protein kinase C-protein kinase A blocked E2's actions, suggesting dependence on the Gq-mER. Furthermore, STX, a selective ligand for the Gq-mER, mimicked E2's actions. Finally, to examine the in vivo effect of Gq-mER activation, E2 or STX injection increased c-fos expression in CRH neurons in the PVN, suggesting CRH neuronal activation. This corresponded to an increase in plasma corticosterone. We conclude that the Gq-mER plays a critical role in the rapid regulation of CRH neuronal activity and the HPA axis. Our findings provide a potential underlying mechanism for E2's involvement in the pathophysiology of HPA-associated mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Hu
- Department of Animal Sciences (P.H., A.Y., J.D.G., N.T.B., T.A.R.), School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L., Z.P.P.) and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (J.L., Z.P.P.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences (P.H., A.Y., J.D.G., N.T.B., T.A.R.), School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L., Z.P.P.) and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (J.L., Z.P.P.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences (P.H., A.Y., J.D.G., N.T.B., T.A.R.), School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L., Z.P.P.) and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (J.L., Z.P.P.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Juliet D Gotthardt
- Department of Animal Sciences (P.H., A.Y., J.D.G., N.T.B., T.A.R.), School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L., Z.P.P.) and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (J.L., Z.P.P.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences (P.H., A.Y., J.D.G., N.T.B., T.A.R.), School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L., Z.P.P.) and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (J.L., Z.P.P.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Department of Animal Sciences (P.H., A.Y., J.D.G., N.T.B., T.A.R.), School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L., Z.P.P.) and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (J.L., Z.P.P.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences (P.H., A.Y., J.D.G., N.T.B., T.A.R.), School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey (J.L., Z.P.P.) and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (J.L., Z.P.P.), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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Moriya S, Soga T, Wong DW, Parhar IS. Transcriptome composition of the preoptic area in mid-age and escitalopram treatment in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 622:67-71. [PMID: 27113202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in serotonergic neurotransmission during aging can increase the risk of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression in elderly population and decline the reproductive system. Therefore, it is important to understand the age-associated molecular mechanisms of brain aging. In this study, the effect of aging and chronic escitalopram (antidepressant) treatment to admit mice was investigated by comparing transcriptomes in the preoptic area (POA) which is a key nucleus for reproduction. In the mid-aged brain, the immune system-related genes were increased and hormone response-related genes were decreased. In the escitalopram treated brains, transcription-, granule cell proliferation- and vasoconstriction-related genes were increased and olfactory receptors were decreased. Since homeostasis and neuroprotection-related genes were altered in both of mid-age and escitalopram treatment, these genes could be important for serotonin related physiologies in the POA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Moriya
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Dutt Way Wong
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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47
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Yang JA, Mamounis KJ, Yasrebi A, Roepke TA. Regulation of gene expression by 17β-estradiol in the arcuate nucleus of the mouse through ERE-dependent and ERE-independent mechanisms. Steroids 2016; 107:128-38. [PMID: 26768413 PMCID: PMC4775315 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
17β-Estradiol (E2) modulates gene expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) to control homeostatic functions. In the ARC, estrogen receptor (ER) α is highly expressed and is an important contributor to E2's actions, controlling gene expression through estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine if known E2-regulated genes are regulated through these mechanisms. The selected genes have been shown to regulate homeostasis and have been separated into three subsections: channels, receptors, and neuropeptides. To determine if ERE-dependent or ERE-independent mechanisms regulate gene expression, two transgenic mouse models, an ERα knock-out (ERKO) and an ERα knock-in/knock-out (KIKO), which lacks a functional ERE binding domain, were used in addition to their wild-type littermates. Females of all genotypes were ovariectomized and injected with oil or estradiol benzoate (E2B). Our results suggest that E2B regulates multiple genes through these mechanisms. Of note, Cacna1g and Kcnmb1 channel expression was increased by E2B in WT females only, suggesting an ERE-dependent regulation. Furthermore, the NKB receptor, Tac3r, was suppressed by E2B in WT and KIKO females but not ERKO females, suggesting that ERα-dependent, ERE-independent signaling is necessary for Tac3r regulation. The adrenergic receptor Adra1b was suppressed by E2B in all genotypes indicating that ERα is not the primary receptor for E2B's actions. The neuropeptide Tac2 was suppressed by E2B through ERE-dependent mechanisms. These results indicate that E2B activates both ERα-dependent and independent signaling in the ARC through ERE-dependent and ERE-independent mechanisms to control gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kyle J Mamounis
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ali Yasrebi
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Gray NE, Zweig JA, Kawamoto C, Quinn JF, Copenhaver PF. STX, a Novel Membrane Estrogen Receptor Ligand, Protects Against Amyloid-β Toxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 51:391-403. [PMID: 26890746 PMCID: PMC4961356 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Because STX is a selective ligand for membrane estrogen receptors, it may be able to confer the beneficial effects of estrogen without eliciting the deleterious side effects associated with activation of the nuclear estrogen receptors. This study evaluates the neuroprotective properties of STX in the context of amyloid-β (Aβ) exposure. MC65 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines, as well as primary hippocampal neurons from wild type (WT) and Tg2576 mice, were used to investigate the ability of STX to attenuate cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, dendritic simplification, and synaptic loss induced by Aβ. STX prevented Aβ-induced cell death in both neuroblastoma cell lines; it also normalized the decrease in ATP and mitochondrial gene expression caused by Aβ in these cells. Notably, STX also increased ATP content and mitochondrial gene expression in control neuroblastoma cells (in the absence of Aβ). Likewise in primary neurons, STX increased ATP levels and mitochondrial gene expression in both genotypes. In addition, STX treatment enhanced dendritic arborization and spine densities in WT neurons and prevented the diminished outgrowth of dendrites caused by Aβ exposure in Tg2576 neurons. These data suggest that STX can act as an effective neuroprotective agent in the context of Aβ toxicity, improving mitochondrial function as well as dendritic growth and synaptic differentiation. In addition, since STX also improved these endpoints in the absence of Aβ, this compound may have broader therapeutic value beyond Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Jonathan A. Zweig
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Colleen Kawamoto
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Philip F. Copenhaver
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA 97239
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Santollo J, Daniels D. Multiple estrogen receptor subtypes influence ingestive behavior in female rodents. Physiol Behav 2015; 152:431-7. [PMID: 26037634 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk of obesity and cardiovascular-related diseases. This is attributable, at least in part, to loss of the ovarian hormone estradiol, which inhibits food and fluid intake in humans and laboratory animal models. Although the hypophagic and anti-dipsogenic effects of estradiol have been well documented for decades, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. An obvious step toward addressing this open question is identifying which estrogen receptor subtypes are involved and what intracellular processes are involved. This question, however, is complicated not only by the variety of estrogen receptor subtypes that exist, but also because many subtypes have multiple locations of action (i.e. in the nucleus or in the plasma membrane). This review will highlight our current understanding of the roles that specific estrogen receptor subtypes play in mediating estradiol's anorexigenic and anti-dipsogenic effects along with highlighting the many open questions that remain. This review will also describe recent work being performed by our laboratory aimed at answering these open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Santollo
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Derek Daniels
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
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