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Yang Z, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ou M, Tan P, Xu X, Li Q, Zhou S. Therapeutic targeting of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction in obesity: mechanisms and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e560. [PMID: 38812572 PMCID: PMC11134193 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fang‐Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min‐Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Poh‐Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Wen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing‐Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang‐Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Berberine remodels adipose tissue to attenuate metabolic disorders by activating sirtuin 3. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1285-1298. [PMID: 34417576 PMCID: PMC9061715 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue remodelling is considered a critical pathophysiological hallmark of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Berberine (BBR), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has potent anti-hyperlipidaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. This study aimed to explore the role of BBR in modulating adipose tissue remodelling and the underlying mechanisms. BBR protected high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice against adiposity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. BBR alleviated adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, and the effect was mediated by BBR directly binding and activating the deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and suppressing the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways. Furthermore, BBR decreased microRNA-155-5p secretion by macrophages, which in turn ameliorated liver injury. Moreover, BBR mitigated inflammatory responses in both LPS-stimulated macrophages and TNF-α-treated adipocytes and suppressed macrophage migration towards adipocytes by activating SIRT3. Collectively, this study revealed that BBR improved adipose tissue remodelling, and subsequently inhibited the secretion of microRNA-155-5p by macrophages, which alleviated adiposity, insulin resistance and liver injury in obese mice. The modulation of adipose tissue remodelling by activating SIRT3 could contribute to the anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of BBR.
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Thromboinflammatory Processes at the Nexus of Metabolic Dysfunction and Prostate Cancer: The Emerging Role of Periprostatic Adipose Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071679. [PMID: 35406450 PMCID: PMC8996963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As overweight and obesity increase among the population worldwide, a parallel increase in the number of individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer was observed. There appears to be a relationship between both diseases where the increase in the mass of fat tissue can lead to inflammation. Such a state of inflammation could produce many factors that increase the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, especially if this inflammation occurred in the fat stores adjacent to the prostate. Another important observation that links obesity, fat tissue inflammation, and prostate cancer is the increased production of blood clotting factors. In this article, we attempt to explain the role of these latter factors in the effect of increased body weight on the progression of prostate cancer and propose new ways of treatment that act by affecting how these clotting factors work. Abstract The increased global prevalence of metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and diabetes is mirrored by an increased incidence of prostate cancer (PCa). Ample evidence suggests that these metabolic disorders, being characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion and inflammation, not only present as risk factors for the development of PCa, but also drive its increased aggressiveness, enhanced progression, and metastasis. Despite the emerging molecular mechanisms linking AT dysfunction to the various hallmarks of PCa, thromboinflammatory processes implicated in the crosstalk between these diseases have not been thoroughly investigated. This is of particular importance as both diseases present states of hypercoagulability. Accumulating evidence implicates tissue factor, thrombin, and active factor X as well as other players of the coagulation cascade in the pathophysiological processes driving cancer development and progression. In this regard, it becomes pivotal to elucidate the thromboinflammatory processes occurring in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), a fundamental microenvironmental niche of the prostate. Here, we highlight key findings linking thromboinflammation and the pleiotropic effects of coagulation factors and their inhibitors in metabolic diseases, PCa, and their crosstalk. We also propose several novel therapeutic targets and therapeutic interventions possibly modulating the interaction between these pathological states.
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Ng Yin Ling C, Lim SC, Jonas JB, Sabanayagam C. Obesity and risk of age-related eye diseases: a systematic review of prospective population-based studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1863-1885. [PMID: 33963292 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a public health challenge worldwide. The relationship between obesity and age-related eye diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) have remained elusive. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of three electronic databases for longitudinal population-based studies that described associations between measures of obesity including body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and age-related eye diseases. RESULTS Our search yielded 1731 articles, of which 14, 10, 16 and 8 articles met our eligibility criteria for cataract, glaucoma, AMD and DR, respectively. BMI-defined obesity was positively associated with incident cataract, incident AMD and incident DR in Western populations, but in Asian populations associations for incident AMD were not significant and associations for incident DR were inverse. WC-defined obesity was associated with incident glaucoma in non-Western populations. WHR-defined obesity but not BMI-defined obesity was associated with the incidence or progression of AMD in two Western studies. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found strong evidence supporting associations between obesity and age-related eye diseases. Further research on the association of abdominal obesity and effect of weight loss and physical activity on age-related eye diseases is warranted to support clinical and public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Khoo Tech Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Olszańska J, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. Melanoma Progression under Obesity: Focus on Adipokines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092281. [PMID: 34068679 PMCID: PMC8126042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem and the reason for numerous diseases in the human body, including cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of molecules secreted by adipose tissue-adipokines on melanoma progression. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Abstract Obesity is a growing problem in the world and is one of the risk factors of various cancers. Among these cancers is melanoma, which accounts for the majority of skin tumor deaths. Current studies are looking for a correlation between obesity and melanoma. They suspect that a potential cause of its development is connected to the biology of adipokines, active molecules secreted by adipose tissue. Under physiological conditions, adipokines control many processes, including lipid and glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, and inflammations. However, when there is an increased amount of fat in the body, their secretion is dysregulated. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of adipokines on melanoma growth. This work focuses on the molecular pathways by which adipose tissue secreted molecules modify the angiogenesis, migration, invasion, proliferation, and death of melanoma cells. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Further studies may contribute to the innovations of therapies and the use of adipokines as predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers.
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Gammone MA, D’Orazio N. Review: Obesity and COVID-19: A Detrimental Intersection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:652639. [PMID: 33995281 PMCID: PMC8121172 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.652639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized as an independent risk factor for critical illness and major severity in subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The role of fat distribution, particularly visceral fat (often linked to metabolic abnormalities), is still unclear. The adipose tissue represents a direct source of cytokines responsible for the pathological modifications occurring within adipose tissue in obese subjects. Adipokines are a crucial connection between metabolism and immune system: their dysregulation in obesity contributes to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic comorbidities. Therefore the increased amount of visceral fat can lead to a proinflammatory phenotypic shift. This review analyzes the interrelation between obesity and COVID-19 severity, as well as the cellular key players and molecular mechanisms implicated in adipose inflammation, investigating if adipose tissue can constitute a reservoir for viral spread, and contribute to immune activation and cytokines storm. Targeting the underlying molecular mechanisms might have therapeutic potential in the management of obesity-related complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Liu F, He J, Wang H, Zhu D, Bi Y. Adipose Morphology: a Critical Factor in Regulation of Human Metabolic Diseases and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Obes Surg 2020; 30:5086-5100. [PMID: 33021706 PMCID: PMC7719100 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence highlights that dysfunction of adipose tissue contributes to impaired insulin sensitivity and systemic metabolic deterioration in obese state. Of note, adipocyte hypertrophy serves as a critical event which associates closely with adipose dysfunction. An increase in cell size exacerbates hypoxia and inflammation as well as excessive collagen deposition, finally leading to metabolic dysregulation. Specific mechanisms of adipocyte hypertrophy include dysregulated differentiation and maturation of preadipocytes, enlargement of lipid droplets, and abnormal adipocyte osmolarity sensors. Also, weight loss therapies exert profound influence on adipocyte size. Here, we summarize the critical role of adipocyte hypertrophy in the development of metabolic disturbances. Future studies are required to establish a standard criterion of size measurement to better clarify the impact of adipocyte hypertrophy on changes in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jielei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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Development of novel human in vitro vascularized adipose tissue model with functional macrophages. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:665-683. [PMID: 32524217 PMCID: PMC7547925 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been proven significant factor in development of type 2 diabetes. So far, most of the adipose tissue related research has been performed in animals, mainly rodent models. The relevance of translation of animal results to humans is questionable. However, in vitro model with relevant human cell source, such as human adipose tissue stromal cells (hASC), can be developed and should be utilized for human adipose tissue research. We developed in vitro models of human adipose tissue utilizing hASC, endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages. By isolating endothelial cells and macrophages from same adipose tissue as hASC, we were able to provide method for constructing personalized models of adipose tissue. With these models, we studied the effect of macrophages on adipogenesis and protein secretion, with and without vasculature. The models were analyzed for immunocytochemical markers, cell number, triglyceride accumulation and protein secretion. We found that lipid accumulation was greater in adipocytes in the presence of macrophages. Interferon gamma increased this difference between adipocyte culture and Adipocyte-Macrophage co-culture. Protein secretion was affected more by macrophages when vasculature was not present compared to the mild effect when vasculature was present. The vascularized adipose model with macrophages is valuable tool for human adipose tissue research, especially for the personalized medicine approaches; for choosing the right treatments and for studying rare medical conditions.
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Liddle DM, Kavanagh ME, Wright AJ, Robinson LE. Apple Flavonols Mitigate Adipocyte Inflammation and Promote Angiogenic Factors in LPS- and Cobalt Chloride-Stimulated Adipocytes, in Part by a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ-Dependent Mechanism. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051386. [PMID: 32408695 PMCID: PMC7284758 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion induces local hypoxia, a key contributor to the chronic low-grade inflammation that drives obesity-associated disease. Apple flavonols phloretin (PT) and phlorizin (PZ) are suggested anti-inflammatory molecules but their effectiveness in obese AT is inadequately understood. Using in vitro models designed to reproduce the obese AT microenvironment, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 24 h with PT or PZ (100 μM) concurrent with the inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL) and/or the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2; 100 μM). Within each condition, PT was more potent than PZ and its effects were partially mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ (p < 0.05), as tested using the PPAR-γ antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). In LPS-, CoCl2-, or LPS + CoCl2-stimulated adipocytes, PT reduced mRNA expression and/or secreted protein levels of inflammatory and macrophage chemotactic adipokines, and increased that of anti-inflammatory and angiogenic adipokines, which was consistent with reduced mRNA expression of M1 polarization markers and increased M2 markers in RAW 264.7 macrophages cultured in media collected from LPS + CoCl2-simulated adipocytes (p < 0.05). Further, within LPS + CoCl2-stimulated adipocytes, PT reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation, nuclear factor-κB activation, and apoptotic protein expression (p < 0.05). Overall, apple flavonols attenuate critical aspects of the obese AT phenotype.
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Associations of Serum Carotenoids with DXA-Derived Body Fat and Fat Distribution in Chinese Adults: A Prospective Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:985-1001. [PMID: 32146125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies have examined the associations between carotenoids and anthropometrics with cross-sectional designs. Few studies have investigated the associations between serum carotenoids and fat mass and fat distribution (general vs central type). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the associations of serum carotenoids with body fat and fat distribution in Chinese adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a prospective, community-based cohort were performed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING There were 4,048 participants aged 40 to 75 years recruited in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study from 2008 to 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum carotenoids were assessed at baseline. Anthropometrics, fat mass (FM), and percentage FM (%FM) over the total body, trunk, limbs, and android and gynoid regions were obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for 3,002 participants between 2011 and 2013 and for 2,537 participants after 3.1 years. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed to compare the mean differences in adiposity indices among the quartiles of carotenoids. RESULTS Covariance analyses showed significant inverse associations between serum total carotenoid levels and adiposity indices cross-sectionally (all P trends<0.05). The percentage mean differences in quartile 4 (vs 1) in FM and %FM were much more pronounced in the trunk (-15.4% and -7.74%) and android area (-16.6% and -8.59%) than those in the limbs (-8.31% and -4.51%) and gynoid area (-7.76% and -2.71%) (all P<0.001). Longitudinal results revealed that higher total carotenoids were associated with significantly lower 3-year increases in body mass index (calculated as kg/m2); waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; body FM in the limbs and android and gynoid area; and %FM in total body, trunk, and limbs (all P trends<0.05). Regarding individual carotenoids, β-carotene tended to have the most notable beneficial associations with the majority of fat indices, especially for cross-sectional analyses. CONCLUSIONS Serum carotenoid concentrations are inversely associated with body fat, especially in the abdominal region, in Chinese adults.
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Liddle DM, Monk JM, Hutchinson AL, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. CD8 + T cell/adipocyte inflammatory cross talk and ensuing M1 macrophage polarization are reduced by fish-oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in part by a TNF-α-dependent mechanism. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 76:108243. [PMID: 31760229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obese visceral adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is driven by adipokine-mediated cross talk between CD8+ T cells and adipocytes, a process mitigated by long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but underlying mechanisms and ensuing effects on macrophage polarization status are unknown. Using an in vitro co-culture model that recapitulates the degree of CD8+ T cell infiltration reported in obese AT, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-cultured for 24 h with purified splenic CD8+ T cells from C57Bl/6 mice consuming either a 10% w/w safflower oil (control, CON) or 7% w/w safflower oil + 3% w/w fish oil (FO) diet for 4 weeks (n=8-10/diet). Co-cultured cells were in direct contact or in a contact-independent condition separated by a Transwell permeable membrane and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (10 ng/ml) to mimic in vivo obese endotoxin levels. In contact-dependent co-cultures, FO reduced inflammatory (IL-6, TNFα, IFN-γ) and macrophage chemotactic (CCL2, CCL7, CCL3) mRNA expression and/or secreted protein, NF-κB p65 activation, ROS accumulation, NLRP3 inflammasome priming (Nlrp3, Il1β mRNA) and activation (caspase-1 activity) compared to CON (P<.05). The anti-inflammatory action of FO was reproduced by the addition of a TNF-α neutralizing antibody (1 μg/ml) to CON co-cultures (CON/anti-TNF-α), albeit to a lesser degree. Conditioned media from FO and CON/anti-TNF-α co-cultures, in turn, reduced RAW 264.7 macrophage mRNA expression of M1 polarization markers (iNos, Cd11c, Ccr2) and associated inflammatory cytokines (Il6, Tnfα, Il1β) compared to CON. These data suggest that inflammatory CD8+ T cell/adipocyte cross talk is partially attributable to TNF-α signaling, which can be mitigated by LC n-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Fang Z, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. WITHDRAWN: Ceramide and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in adipose dysfunction. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100991. [PMID: 31442525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Fang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
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Kumari R, Kumar S, Kant R. An update on metabolic syndrome: Metabolic risk markers and adipokines in the development of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2409-2417. [PMID: 31405652 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a collection of physiological and biochemical abnormalities about 20-25% of adult population in developing countries is suffering from metabolic syndrome. Previous research demonstrated that adipose tissue plays an important role in energy regulation via endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals as results of obesity due to accumulation of adipose tissue to excess that by time affects negatively both physical and psychological health and well being, it has been found that adipose tissues produces a variety of factors known as "adipokines" which play a key role in the development and progression of the disease and also hypothesized that adipokines are a possible link between obesity and the other risk components of the Metabolic syndrome. Many of the adipokines exert multiple actions in a variety of cellular processes leading to a complex array of abnormal characteristic of Metabolic syndrome. Abnormal production of these adipokines by expanded visceral fat during Adiposity contributes to a pro-inflammatory state. Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant production/release of adipokine from adipocyte i.e. adiponectin, leptin and resistin etc, may contribute to the health problems associated with Adiposity such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. This study conclusively have shown a significant role of adipokines secreted by adipose tissue and various metabolic risk markers play a important role in the development of Metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology AIIMS, Rishikesh, India.
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Molecular Biology AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
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Ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate in adipose dysfunction. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:145-159. [PMID: 30951736 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increased adipose tissue mass of obese individuals enhances the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. During pathological expansion of adipose tissue, multiple molecular controls of lipid storage, adipocyte turn-over and endocrine secretion are perturbed and abnormal lipid metabolism results in a distinct lipid profile. There is a role for ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in inducing adipose dysfunction. For instance, the alteration of ceramide biosynthesis, through the de-regulation of key enzymes, results in aberrant formation of ceramides (e.g. C16:0 and C18:0) which block insulin signaling and promote adipose inflammation. Furthermore, S1P can induce defective adipose tissue phenotypes by promoting chronic inflammation and inhibiting adipogenesis. These abnormal changes are discussed in the context of possible therapeutic approaches to re-establish normal adipose function and to, thereby, increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Such novel approaches include blockade of ceramide biosynthesis using inhibitors of sphingomyelinase or dihydroceramide desaturase and by antagonism of S1P receptors, such as S1P2.
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Mansouryar M, Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Dehghan Banadaky M, Sauerwein H, Mielenz M, Nielsen M. Short communication: Relationship between body condition score and plasma adipokines in early-lactating Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8552-8558. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Integrated Immunomodulatory Mechanisms through which Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Obese Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121289. [PMID: 29186929 PMCID: PMC5748740 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health concern with rising prevalence that increases the risk of developing other chronic diseases. A causal link connecting overnutrition, the development of obesity and obesity-associated co-morbidities is visceral adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, characterized by changes in the cellularity of various immune cell populations, altered production of inflammatory adipokines that sustain a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and, ultimately, dysregulated AT metabolic function. Therefore, dietary intervention strategies aimed to halt the progression of obese AT dysfunction through any of the aforementioned processes represent an important active area of research. In this connection, fish oil-derived dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been demonstrated to attenuate obese AT dysfunction through multiple mechanisms, ultimately affecting AT immune cellularity and function, adipokine production, and metabolic signaling pathways, all of which will be discussed herein.
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Telle-Hansen VH, Christensen JJ, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Does dietary fat affect inflammatory markers in overweight and obese individuals?-a review of randomized controlled trials from 2010 to 2016. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:26. [PMID: 29043006 PMCID: PMC5628471 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity, a major cause of death and disability, is increasing worldwide. Obesity is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state which is suggested to play a critical role in the development of obesity-related diseases like cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In fact, in the hours following consumption of a meal, a transient increase in inflammatory markers occurs, a response that is exaggerated in obese subjects. Dietary composition, including content of dietary fatty acids, may affect this inflammatory response both acutely and chronically, and thereby be predictive of progression of disease. The aim of the review was to summarize the literature from 2010 to 2016 regarding the effects of dietary fat intake on levels of inflammatory markers in overweight and obesity in human randomized controlled trials. Methods and results We performed a literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The literature search included human randomized controlled trials, both postprandial and long-term interventions, from January 2010 to September 2016. In total, 37 articles were included. Interventions with dairy products, vegetable oils, or nuts showed minor effects on inflammatory markers. The most consistent inflammatory-mediating effects were found in intervention with whole diets, which suggests that many components of the diet reduce inflammation synergistically. Furthermore, interventions with weight reduction and different fatty acids did not clearly show beneficial effects on inflammatory markers. Conclusion Most interventions showed either no or minor effects of dietary fat intake on inflammatory markers in overweight and obese subjects. To progress our understanding on how diet and dietary components affect our health, mechanistic studies are required. Hence, future studies should include whole diets and characterization of obese phenotypes at a molecular level, including omics data and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Postbox 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob J Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.P. box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O. box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Kitagawa T, Yamamoto H, Hattori T, Sentani K, Takahashi S, Senoo A, Kubo Y, Yasui W, Sueda T, Kihara Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Expression in Epicardial Adipose Tissue is Related to Coronary Atherosclerosis Assessed by Computed Tomography. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:269-280. [PMID: 28931782 PMCID: PMC5868513 DOI: 10.5551/jat.41178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α reportedly has key pro-inflammatory properties in both atherosclerosis and adipocytes. To further investigate the biologic impact of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on coronary atherosclerosis, we evaluated the relationship between TNF-α gene expression in EAT and clinically-assessed coronary atherosclerosis on computed tomography (CT). Methods: We studied 47 patients before cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG], n = 26; non-CABG, n = 21), assessing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, EAT volume, coronary calcium score (CCS), and the presence of non- and/or partially-calcified coronary plaque (NCP) on CT angiography. EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples were obtained during cardiac surgery. TNF-α mRNA in EAT was measured using quantitative real-time PCR, and normalized to that of SAT as control adipose tissue. Results: There was no difference in the TNF-α expression level between patients scheduled for CABG and non-CABG surgery (p = 0.23), or among the subgroups based on CCS (p = 0.68), while patients with NCP had the higher TNF-α expression level than those without NCP (median [interquartile range], 2.50 [1.01–5.53] versus. 1.03 [0.64–2.16], p = 0.022). On multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, coronary risk factors, statin therapy, CABG versus non-CABG, VAT area, and EAT volume, the presence of NCP had close correlation with the elevated TNF-α expression level (β= 0.79, p = 0.003). Conclusions: TNF-α expressed regionally in EAT may exert potent effects on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis, suggesting a contribution of EAT to coronary artery disease through behavior of molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Kitagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Hideya Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Takuya Hattori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | - Atsuhiro Senoo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Yumiko Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences
| | - Taijiro Sueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences
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20
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Mancha-Ramirez AM, Slaga TJ. Ursolic Acid and Chronic Disease: An Overview of UA's Effects On Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:75-96. [PMID: 27671813 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases pose a worldwide problem and are only continuing to increase in incidence. Two major factors contributing to the increased incidence in chronic disease are a lack of physical activity and poor diet. As the link between diet and lifestyle and the increased incidence of chronic disease has been well established in the literature, novel preventive, and therapeutic methods should be aimed at naturally derived compounds such as ursolic acid (UA), the focus of this chapter. As chronic diseases, obesity and cancer share the common thread of inflammation and dysregulation of many related pathways, the focus here will be on these two chronic diseases. Significant evidence in the literature supports an important role for natural compounds such as UA in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases like obesity and cancer, and here we have highlighted many of the ways UA has been shown to be a beneficial and versatile phytochemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Mancha-Ramirez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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21
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Rahamon SK, Fabian UA, Charles-Davies MA, Olaniyi JA, Fasanmade AA, Akinlade KS, Oyewole OE, Owolabi MO, Adebusuyi JR, Hassan OO, Ajobo BM, Ebesunun MO, Adigun K, Popoola OO, Omiyale W, Arinola OG, Agbedana EO. Changes in mediators of inflammation and pro-thrombosis after 12 months of dietary modification in adults with metabolic syndrome. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:453-462. [PMID: 29062341 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effects of a 12-month dietary modification on indices of inflammation and pro-thrombosis in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This longitudinal study involved 252 adults with MS recruited from the Bodija market, Ibadan and its environs. Participants were placed on 20%, 30% and 50% calories obtained from protein, total fat and carbohydrate respectively and were followed up monthly for 12 months. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using spectrophotometric methods and ELISA as appropriate. Data was analysed using ANCOVA, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS After 6 months of dietary modification, there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC), while the levels of HDL-C, fibrinogen and PAI-1 were significantly increased when compared with the corresponding baseline values. However, WC and fibrinogen reduced significantly, while HDL-C and IL-10 significantly increased after 12 months of dietary modification as compared with the respective baseline values. CONCLUSION Long-term regular dietary modification may be beneficial in ameliorating inflammation and pro-thrombosis in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Rahamon
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - U A Fabian
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M A Charles-Davies
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J A Olaniyi
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A A Fasanmade
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - K S Akinlade
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O E Oyewole
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M O Owolabi
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - J R Adebusuyi
- Department of Medical Social Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O O Hassan
- Department of Medical Social Services, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - B M Ajobo
- Dietetics Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - M O Ebesunun
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - K Adigun
- Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O O Popoola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - W Omiyale
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O G Arinola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - E O Agbedana
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Shi J, Yu M, Sheng M. Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of Adipocytes. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:209-219. [PMID: 28478435 DOI: 10.1159/000476017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and angiogenesis are the most common complications in patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD), resulting in progressive peritoneum remolding and, eventually, utrafiltration failure. Contributing to the deeper tissue under the peritoneal membrane, adipocytes play a neglected role in this process. Some adipokines act as inflammatory and angiogenic promoters, while others have the opposite effects. Adipokines, together with inflammatory factors and other cytokines, modulate inflammation and neovascularization in a coordinated fashion. This review will also emphasize cellular regulators and their crosstalk in long-term PD. Understanding the molecular mechanism, targeting changes in adipocytes and regulating adipokine secretion will help extend therapeutic methods for preventing inflammation and angiogenesis in PD.
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23
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Nam H, Ferguson BS, Stephens JM, Morrison RF. Modulation of IL-27 in adipocytes during inflammatory stress. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:157-66. [PMID: 26638127 PMCID: PMC4688214 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While it is well established that adipose tissue-derived inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms linking obesity with metabolic dysfunction, the inflammatory mediators involved have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored IL-12 family cytokines with a focus on IL-27 during obesity-induced inflammation in mice and cultured adipocytes (ADs) following exposure to inflammatory stimuli. METHODS Relative mRNA abundance of IL-12 cytokines was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in genetically obese B6-ob/ob mice as well as C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet and in ADs following exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Protein secretion of cytokines into culture media was assessed by ELISA, and the biological outcome of IL-27 stimulation was assessed by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Heterodimeric subunits constituting IL-27 were significantly induced in obese mice. While all IL-12 genes were markedly induced by inflammatory stress in cultured ADs, IL-27 protein was the only cytokine secreted into culture media in response to inflammatory stress. Cultured ADs also responded to IL-27 stimulation with divergent outcomes that were dependent on the inflammatory milieu of target cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the premise of autocrine/paracrine mechanisms involving IL-27 in ADs under conditions of inflammatory stress that may link obesity with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Nam
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Bradley S. Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | | | - Ron F. Morrison
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
- Corresponding Author: RFM (tel: +1-336-256-0321, fax: +1-336-334-4129, , 318 Stone Building, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402)
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Wang Y, Zhong J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Gong Q, Ren B. The Role of HMGB1 in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2543268. [PMID: 28101517 PMCID: PMC5215175 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2543268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance. With an alarming increase in recent years, diabetes mellitus has become a global challenge. Despite advances in treatment of diabetes mellitus, currently, medications available are unable to control the progression of diabetes and its complications. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation is an important pathogenic mediator in the development of diabetes mellitus. The perspectives including suggestions for new therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to inflammation should be taken into account. Critical Issues. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone nuclear protein regulating gene expression, was rediscovered as an endogenous danger signal molecule to trigger inflammatory responses when released into extracellular milieu in the late 1990s. Given the similarities of inflammatory response in the development of T2D, we will discuss the potential implication of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of T2D. Importantly, we will summarize and renovate the role of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and islet dysfunction. Future Directions. HMGB1 and its downstream receptors RAGE and TLRs may serve as potential antidiabetic targets. Current and forthcoming projects in this territory will pave the way for prospective approaches targeting the center of HMGB1-mediated inflammation to improve T2D and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- *Quan Gong: and
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- *Boxu Ren:
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Aubin K, Safoine M, Proulx M, Audet-Casgrain MA, Côté JF, Têtu FA, Roy A, Fradette J. Characterization of In Vitro Engineered Human Adipose Tissues: Relevant Adipokine Secretion and Impact of TNF-α. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137612. [PMID: 26367137 PMCID: PMC4569087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Representative modelling of human adipose tissue functions is central to metabolic research. Tridimensional models able to recreate human adipogenesis in a physiological tissue-like context in vitro are still scarce. We describe the engineering of white adipose tissues reconstructed from their cultured adipose-derived stromal precursor cells. We hypothesize that these reconstructed tissues can recapitulate key functions of AT under basal and pro-inflammatory conditions. These tissues, featuring human adipocytes surrounded by stroma, were stable and metabolically active in long-term cultures (at least 11 weeks). Secretion of major adipokines and growth factors by the reconstructed tissues was determined and compared to media conditioned by human native fat explants. Interestingly, the secretory profiles of the reconstructed adipose tissues indicated an abundant production of leptin, PAI-1 and angiopoietin-1 proteins, while higher HGF levels were detected for the human fat explants. We next demonstrated the responsiveness of the tissues to the pro-inflammatory stimulus TNF-α, as reflected by modulation of MCP-1, NGF and HGF secretion, while VEGF and leptin protein expression did not vary. TNF-α exposure induced changes in gene expression for adipocyte metabolism-associated mRNAs such as SLC2A4, FASN and LIPE, as well as for genes implicated in NF-κB activation. Finally, this model was customized to feature adipocytes representative of progressive stages of differentiation, thereby allowing investigations using newly differentiated or more mature adipocytes. In conclusion, we produced tridimensional tissues engineered in vitro that are able to recapitulate key characteristics of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. These tissues are produced from human cells and their neo-synthesized matrix elements without exogenous or synthetic biomaterials. Therefore, they represent unique tools to investigate the effects of pharmacologically active products on human stromal cells, extracellular matrix and differentiated adipocytes, in addition to compounds modulating adipogenesis from precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Aubin
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Meryem Safoine
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | - Maryse Proulx
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-François Côté
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Canada
| | - Félix-André Têtu
- Clinique de chirurgie esthétique Félix-André Têtu and CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Alphonse Roy
- Clinique de chirurgie plastique Alphonse Roy and CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval / LOEX, Québec, Canada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Laforest S, Labrecque J, Michaud A, Cianflone K, Tchernof A. Adipocyte size as a determinant of metabolic disease and adipose tissue dysfunction. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:301-13. [DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1041582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abou-Samra M, Lecompte S, Schakman O, Noel L, Many MC, Gailly P, Brichard SM. Involvement of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of dystrophinopathy. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:25. [PMID: 26257862 PMCID: PMC4528853 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hormone adiponectin (ApN) is decreased in the metabolic syndrome, where it plays a key pathogenic role. ApN also exerts some anti-inflammatory effects on skeletal muscles in mice exposed to acute or chronic inflammation. Here, we investigate whether ApN could be sufficiently potent to counteract a severe degenerative muscle disease, with an inflammatory component such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods Mdx mice (a DMD model caused by dystrophin mutation) were crossed with mice overexpressing ApN in order to generate mdx-ApN mice; only littermates were used. Different markers of inflammation/oxidative stress and components of signaling pathways were studied. Global force was assessed by in vivo functional tests, and muscle injury with Evans Blue Dye (EBD). Eventually, primary cultures of human myotubes were used. Results Circulating ApN was markedly diminished in mdx mice. Replenishment of ApN strikingly reduced muscle inflammation, oxidative stress, and enhanced the expression of myogenic differentiation markers along with that of utrophin A (a dystrophin analog) in mdx-ApN mice. Accordingly, mdx-ApN mice exhibited higher global force and endurance as well as decreased muscle damage as quantified by curtailed extravasation of EBD in myofibers. These beneficial effects of ApN were recapitulated in human myotubes. ApN mediates its protection via the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1, the main ApN receptor in muscle) and the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α signaling pathway, leading to downregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inflammatory genes, together with upregulation of utrophin. Conclusions Adiponectin proves to be an extremely powerful hormone capable of protecting the skeletal muscle against inflammation and injury, thereby offering novel therapeutic perspectives for dystrophinopathies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0051-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Abou-Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lecompte
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Cellular and Molecular Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical Sector, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Noel
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie C Many
- Experimental Morphology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Cellular and Molecular Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical Sector, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia M Brichard
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Hameed I, Masoodi SR, Mir SA, Nabi M, Ghazanfar K, Ganai BA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: From a metabolic disorder to an inflammatory condition. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:598-612. [PMID: 25987957 PMCID: PMC4434080 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i4.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge. Insulin resistance in target tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the major features of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Chronic low-grade inflammation in T2D has given an impetus to the field of immuno-metabolism linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Many factors advocate a causal link between metabolic stress and inflammation. Numerous cellular factors trigger inflammatory signalling cascades, and as a result T2D is at the moment considered an inflammatory disorder triggered by disordered metabolism. Cellular mechanisms like activation of Toll-like receptors, Endoplasmic Reticulum stress, and inflammasome activation are related to the nutrient excess linking pathogenesis and progression of T2D with inflammation. This paper aims to systematically review the metabolic profile and role of various inflammatory pathways in T2D by capturing relevant evidence from various sources. The perspectives include suggestions for the development of therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to homeostasis that would favour insulin sensitivity and survival of pancreatic β-cells in T2D.
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29
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Rohrbach S, Troidl C, Hamm C, Schulz R. Ischemia and reperfusion related myocardial inflammation: A network of cells and mediators targeting the cardiomyocyte. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:110-9. [PMID: 25850820 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occlusion of a coronary artery if maintained for longer period of time results in damage of the cardiac tissue. However, restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic tissue can itself induce further cardiac damage, a phenomenon known as myocardial reperfusion injury. Cardiac homoeostasis is supported by a network of direct and indirect interactions between cardiomyocytes and resident cell types such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells or invading blood cells. This review will discuss the role of the cellular interplay in ischemia-reperfusion injury from a cardiomyocyte-centered view, although we are aware that other cellular interactions are equally important. We will try to work out currently unresolved questions and potential future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Nikonorov AA, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV. Mutual interaction between iron homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:207-14. [PMID: 24916791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is identified as an important medical problem. One of the pathologic conditions observed in obesity is systemic iron deficiency and hypoferremia. Along with a large number of studies indicating disturbed iron homeostasis in obesity, recent data indicate a cause-effect relationship between iron status and obesity-related pathologies. The primary objective of the article is to consider two aspects of the iron-obesity interplay: (1) the mechanisms leading to impaired iron balance, and (2) the pathways of iron participation in obesity-related pathogenesis. While considering disturbance of iron homeostasis in obesity, a number of potential mechanisms of hypoferremia are proposed. At the same time, the inflammation of obesity and obesity-related hepcidin and lipocalin 2 hyperproduction seem to be the most probable reasons of obesity-related hypoferremia. Oversecretion of these proteins leads to iron sequestration in reticuloendothelial system cells. The latter also leads to increased adipose tissue iron content, thus producing preconditions for adverse effects of local iron overload. Being a redox-active metal, iron is capable of inducing oxidative stress as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and adipose tissue endocrine dysfunction. Iron-mediated mechanisms of toxicity may influence aspects of obesity pathogenesis possibly even leading to obesity aggravation. Thus, a mutual interaction between disturbance in iron homeostasis and obesity pathogenesis is proposed. All sides of this interaction should be considered to design new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of disturbed iron homeostasis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr A Nikonorov
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya Street 6, Orenburg 460000, Russia.
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, Zemlyanoy Val Street 46, Moscow 105064, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Department of Biochemistry, Orenburg State Medical Academy, Sovetskaya Street 6, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, Zemlyanoy Val Street 46, Moscow 105064, Russia; Institute of Bioelementology (Russian Satellite Centre of Trace Element - Institute for UNESCO), Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg 460352, Russia
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Advanced application of porcine intramuscular adipocytes for evaluating anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory activities of immunobiotics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119644. [PMID: 25789857 PMCID: PMC4366390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously established a clonal porcine intramuscular preadipocyte (PIP) line and we were able to establish a protocol to obtain functional mature adipocytes from PIP cells. We hypothesized that both PIP cells and mature adipocytes are likely to be useful in vitro tools for increasing our understanding of immunobiology of adipose tissue, and for the selection and study of immunoregulatory probiotics (immunobiotics) able to modulate adipocytes immune responses. In this study, we investigated the immunobiology of PIP cells and mature adipocytes in relation to their response to TNF-α stimulation. In addition, we evaluated the possibility that immunobiotic microorganisms modify adipogenesis and immune functions of porcine adipose tissue through Peyer’s patches (PPs) immune-competent cells. We treated the porcine PPs immune cells with different probiotic strains; and we evaluated the effect of conditioned media from probiotic-stimulated immune cells in PIP cells and mature adipocytes. The Lactobacillus GG and L. gasseri TMC0356 showed remarkable effects, and were able to significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and negative regulators (A20, Bcl-3, and MKP-1) in adipocytes challenged with TNF-α. The results of this study demonstrated that the evaluation of IL-6, and MCP-1 production, and A20 and Bcl-3 down-regulation in TNF-α-challenged adipocytes could function as biomarkers to screen and select potential immunobiotic strains. Taking into consideration that several in vivo and in vitro studies clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus GG and L. gasseri TMC0356 in adipose inflammation, the results presented in this work indicate that the PIP cells and porcine adipocytes could be used for the screening and the selection of new immunobiotic strains with the potential to functionally modulate adipose inflammation when orally administered.
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Bagi Z, Broskova Z, Feher A. Obesity and coronary microvascular disease - implications for adipose tissue-mediated remote inflammatory response. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2015; 12:453-61. [PMID: 24846234 DOI: 10.2174/1570161112666140423221843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that obesity has detrimental effects on the coronary circulation. These include immediate changes in coronary arterial vasomotor responsiveness and the development of occlusive large coronary artery disease. Despite its critical role in regulating myocardial perfusion, the altered behavior of coronary resistance arteries, which gives rise to coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is poorly understood in obesity. A chronic, low-grade vascular inflammation has been long considered as one of the main underlying pathology behind CMD. The expanded adipose tissue and the infiltrating macrophages are the major sources of pro-inflammatory mediators that have been implicated in causing inadequate myocardial perfusion and, in a long term, development of heart failure in obese patients. Much less is known the mechanisms regulating the release of these cytokines into the circulation that enable them to exert their remote effects in the coronary microcirculation. This mini review aims to examine recent studies describing alterations in the vasomotor function of coronary resistance arteries and the role of adipose tissue-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in contributing to CMD in obesity. We provide examples of regulatory mechanisms by which adipokines are released from adipose tissue to exert their remote inflammatory effects on coronary microvessels. We identify some of the important challenges and opportunities going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Attila Feher
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Liu Y, Wang D, Li D, Sun R, Xia M. Associations of retinol-binding protein 4 with oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and metabolic syndrome in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:25. [PMID: 24559154 PMCID: PMC3938900 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a novel adipokine secreted by adipocytes and the liver, has elevated levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its association with human metabolic diseases remains controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the associations of plasma RBP4 levels with oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Chinese population. METHOD We evaluated plasma RBP4 levels in a cross-sectional sample of 1748 Chinese men and women aged 50 to 70 years in Guangzhou using an in-house developed and validated sandwich ELISA. Plasma glucose, insulin, lipid profile, serum adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α), 13-(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were all measured. MetS was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans. RESULTS Circulating RBP4 levels were positively correlated with A-FABP (r = 0.104, P < 0.001), 8-iso PGF2α (0.236, P < 0.001), and 13-HODE (0.204, P < 0.001) and were inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.072, P = 0.004). After multivariable adjustment, the RBP4 levels were strongly associated with MetS and its components. The ORs (95% CIs) for the comparisons of the extreme quartiles of RBP4 were 3.46 (2.87, 4.42) for MetS, 5.92 (4.47, 8.02) for hypertriglyceridemia, 1.42 (1.11, 1.68) for reduced HDL cholesterol, 1.87 (1.48, 2.36) for central obesity and 2.74 (2.15, 3.36) for hyperglycemia (all P < 0.001). When we further controlled for adipokines, markers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory response, the association of RBP4 with central obesity was abolished but not the association with other MetS components. CONCLUSIONS Plasma RBP4 levels are associated with an adverse profile of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and an increased risk of MetS in this Chinese population. These associations are independent of conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P.R. China
| | - Duan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P.R. China
| | - Di Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P.R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, P.R. China
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Hristova MG. Metabolic syndrome--from the neurotrophic hypothesis to a theory. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:627-34. [PMID: 23899630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by central obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In 2006, a neurotrophic hypothesis of the etiopathogenesis of MetS was launched. This hypothesis considered the neurotrophins a key factor in MetS development. Chronic inflammatory and/or psychoemotional distress provoke a series of neuroimmunoendocrine interactions such as increased tissue and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins, vegetodystonia, disbalance of neurotransmitters, hormones and immunity markers, activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. An early and a late clinical stage in the course of MetS are defined. Meanwhile, evidence of supporting results from the world literature accumulates. This enables the transformation of the definition of the neurotrophic hypothesis into a neurotrophic theory of MetS. The important role of two neurotrophic factors, i.e. the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor as well as of the proinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, adipokines and, especially, of leptin for the development of MetS, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is illustrated. There are reliable scientific arguments that the metabotrophic deficit due to reduced neurotrophins could be implicated in the pathogenesis of MetS, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis as well. A special attention is paid to the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis after stress. The application of the neurotrophic theory of MetS could contribute to the etiological diagnosis and individualized management of MetS by eliminating the chronic distress, hyponeurotrophinemia and consequent pathology. It helps estimating the risk, defining the prognosis and implementing the effective prevention of this socially significant disease as evidenced by the dramatic recent growth of the world publication output on this interdisciplinary topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Hristova
- Division of Endocrinology, Medical Centre of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.
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The relationship between dietary fatty acids and inflammatory genes on the obese phenotype and serum lipids. Nutrients 2013; 5:1672-705. [PMID: 23698162 PMCID: PMC3708344 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the inflammatory genes tumor necrosis alpha (TNFA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dietary fatty acids, and their relationship with obesity and serum lipid levels. In summary, dietary fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids and the omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, impact the expression of the cytokine genes TNFA and IL-6, and alter TNFα and IL-6 production. In addition, sequence variants in these genes have also been shown to alter their gene expression and plasma levels, and are associated with obesity, measures of adiposity and serum lipid concentrations. When interactions between dietary fatty acids and TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid were analyzed, both the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids modulated the relationship between TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid profiles, thereby impacting the association between phenotype and genotype. Researching these diet–gene interactions more extensively, and understanding the role of ethnicity as a confounder in these relationships, may contribute to a better understanding of the inter-individual variability in the obese phenotype.
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Serglycin is a novel adipocytokine highly expressed in epicardial adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:105-10. [PMID: 23376071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mohanraj L, Kim HS, Li W, Cai Q, Kim KE, Shin HJ, Lee YJ, Lee WJ, Kim JH, Oh Y. IGFBP-3 inhibits cytokine-induced insulin resistance and early manifestations of atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55084. [PMID: 23383064 PMCID: PMC3557269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with visceral obesity, insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Visceral fat tissue primarily consists of adipocytes that secrete cytokines leading to a state of systemic inflammation in obese conditions. One of the IGF-independent functions of IGFBP-3 is its role as an anti-inflammatory molecule. Our study in obese adolescents show a decrease in total IGFBP-3 levels and increase in proteolyzed IGFBP-3 in circulation when compared to their normal counterparts and establishes a positive correlation between IGFBP-3 proteolysis and adiposity parameters as well as insulin resistance. In human adipocytes, we show that IGFBP-3 inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity in an IGF-independent manner, thereby restoring the deregulated insulin signaling and negating TNF-α-induced inhibition of glucose uptake. IGFBP-3 further inhibits TNF-α, CRP and high glucose-induced NF-κB activity in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and subsequently suppresses monocyte adhesion to HAEC through the IGFBP-3 receptor. In conclusion, these findings suggest that reduced levels of IGFBP-3 in circulation and reduced expression of IGFBP-3 in macrophages in obesity may result in suppression of its anti-inflammatory functions and therefore IGFBP-3 may present itself as a therapeutic for obesity-induced insulin resistance and for events occurring in the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lathika Mohanraj
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Biocure Pharma LLC, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ki Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngman Oh
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Biocure Pharma LLC, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mahé E, Reguiai Z, Barthelemy H, Quiles-Tsimaratos N, Chaby G, Girard C, Estève E, Maccari F, Descamps V, Schmutz JL, Begon E, Bravard P, Maillard H, Boyé T, Beauchet A, Sigal ML. Evaluation of risk factors for body weight increment in psoriatic patients on infliximab: a multicentre, cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 28:151-9. [PMID: 23279264 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant weight gain has been reported in patients with psoriasis treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agents. Among these patients, there are contradictory results about risk factors for weight gain. OBJECTIVE Assessing risk factors for weight increment in psoriatic patients on infliximab (IFX). METHODS This study was a 4-month, non-interventional, cross-sectional, multicentre study on adults with psoriasis performed in 19 French dermatological centres. All the patients who received IFX for at least 1 year were prospectively included, with retrospective analysis of data. Impact of sex, age, severity of the disease, cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, and previous and simultaneous systemic treatments on weight changes, was analysed. Weight gain was defined as an increment of more than 2% of baseline weight. RESULTS Overall, 191 psoriatic patients (males: 68.6%; mean age: 46.9 years) were included. Mean weight gain was 1.6 kg (2.1%) after 1 year of IFX. Half (48.2%) suffered from a weight gain, and 9.9% from a weight increment of 10% or more. Baseline weight and Body Mass Index, and cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities did not influence weight. Men (P=0.007) and patients with severe psoriasis (BSA, P=0.005) had a tendency to put on weight. Patients with a hospital dietary follow-up (P=0.01; OR=0.36 [0.16-0.79]) and patients on methotrexate (P=0.03; OR=0.41 [0.18-0.93]) during IFX treatment are thinner, in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Severe weight increment is frequent on IFX treatment, mainly in men, and patients with severe psoriasis. Dietary follow-up or simultaneous use of methotrexate could limit this weight increment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mahé
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Z Reguiai
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - H Barthelemy
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - N Quiles-Tsimaratos
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - G Chaby
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - C Girard
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - E Estève
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - F Maccari
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - V Descamps
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - J-L Schmutz
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - E Begon
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - P Bravard
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - H Maillard
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - T Boyé
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - A Beauchet
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - M-L Sigal
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Robert Debré, Reims,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier d'Auxerre, Auxerre,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Marseille,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie-Jules Verne University, Amiens,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Saint-Mandé,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris 7 Diderot University, Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris,Department of Dermatology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, Vandœuvre les Nancy,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Pontoise, Pontoise,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Havres, Le Havres,Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Le Mans,Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Toulon, andDepartment of Public Health, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
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39
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Ge Q, Gérard J, Noël L, Scroyen I, Brichard SM. MicroRNAs regulated by adiponectin as novel targets for controlling adipose tissue inflammation. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5285-96. [PMID: 23015294 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A low-grade proinflammatory state contributes to the metabolic syndrome (MS). Adiponectin (ApN), which is reduced in the MS, has emerged as a master regulator of inflammation/immunity. We wanted to identify whether microRNAs (miRNAs) may mediate the antiinflammatory action of ApN on adipose tissue (AT). miRNA expression profiling was performed in mice overexpressing ApN specifically in AT and in wild-type controls. The role of specific miRNAs was analyzed by gain- or loss-of function approaches in 3T3-F442A (pre)-adipocytes and in de novo AT formed from engineered 3T3-F442A preadipocytes transplanted in nude mice. miRNA expression was compared in the omental AT of lean and obese subjects. The expression of miR532-5p and miR1983 was down-regulated, whereas that of miR883b-5p and miR1934 was up-regulated in AT of mice overexpressing ApN specifically in AT. We focused on miR883b-5p identified by computational analysis as being involved in inflammatory pathways. miR883b-5p overexpression down-regulated the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in 3T3-F442A cells, whereas miR883b-5p blockade had reverse effects. LBP aids in lipopolysaccharide binding to Toll-like receptor-4. miR883b-5p blockade also abolished the protective effects of ApN on proinflammatory adipokine induction. These data were recapitulated in the de novo AT in which miR883b-5p silencing induced LBP production and tissue inflammation. Eventually miR883b-5p expression was down-regulated in AT of obese subjects. We identified several novel miRNAs that are regulated by ApN in AT in vivo. miR883b-5p, which is up-regulated by ApN represses LBP and Toll-like receptor-4 signaling, acting therefore as a major mediator of the antiinflammatory action of ApN. These novel miRNAs may open new therapeutic perspectives for the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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40
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Cherian S, Lopaschuk GD, Carvalho E. Cellular cross-talk between epicardial adipose tissue and myocardium in relation to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E937-49. [PMID: 22895783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00061.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial and perivascular fat depot size is considered an index of cardiac and visceral obesity. The functional and anatomic proximity of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) to myocardium has drawn increasing attention in recent years among researchers attempting to elucidate its putative role as an endocrine organ. This includes the role of EAT as a lipid storing depot and as an inflammatory tissue secreting cytokines and chemokines under pathogenic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the potential EAT mediators of inflammation and the paracrine cross-talk between EAT and the underlying myocardium. We also highlight the most recent findings on the causes and correlates of myocardial steatosis/cardiac lipotoxicity and its association with cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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41
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Variation pondérale chez les patients recevant un traitement systémique pour un psoriasis. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012; 139:649-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Functional and structural features of adipokine family. Cytokine 2012; 61:1-14. [PMID: 23022179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the mid-1990s, the interest in adipose tissue was revived by the discovery of leptin. Since then numerous other hormones have been isolated from white adipose tissue that has no longer considered an inert tissue mainly devoted to energy storage but emerged as an active participant in regulating physiologic and pathologic processes, including immunity and inflammation. Adipose tissue produces and releases a variety of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, including the adipokines, as well as cytokines and chemokines. Proinflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue have been implicated as active participants in the development of insulin resistance and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with obesity. In contrast, reduced leptin levels might predispose to increased susceptibility to infection caused by reduced T-cell responses in malnourished individuals. Altered adipokine levels have been observed in a variety of inflammatory conditions, although their pathogenic role has not been completely clarified. In this paper we want to review: (i) the role of adipose tissue in different biological processes, (ii) the functional and structural description of all the known adipokines subdivided in different subfamilies, (iii) the adipokine involvement in obesity and cancers, and (iv) the adipokine interactome.
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Nam H, Ferguson BS, Stephens JM, Morrison RF. Impact of obesity on IL-12 family gene expression in insulin responsive tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1832:11-9. [PMID: 22952004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has established a role for chronic inflammation in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance, as genetic ablation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines elevated in obesity improves insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo. Recent evidence further highlights interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines as prospective inflammatory mediators linking obesity to insulin resistance. In this study, we present empirical evidence demonstrating that IL-12 family related genes are expressed and regulated in insulin-responsive tissues under conditions of obesity. First, we report that respective mRNAs for each of the known members of this cytokine family are expressed within detectable ranges in WAT, skeletal muscle, liver and heart. Second, we show that these cytokines and their cognate receptors are divergently regulated with genetic obesity in a tissue-specific manner. Third, we demonstrate that select IL-12 family cytokines are regulated in WAT in a manner that is dependent on the developmental stage of obesity as well as the inflammatory progression associated with obesity. Fourth, we report that respective mRNAs for IL-12 cytokines and receptors are also expressed and divergently regulated in cultured adipocytes under conditions of inflammatory stress. To our knowledge, this report is the first study to systemically evaluated mRNA expression of all IL-12 family cytokines and receptors in any tissue under conditions of obesity highlighting select family members as potential mediators linking excess nutrient intake to metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Nam
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
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44
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Sfrp5 expression and secretion in adipocytes are up-regulated during differentiation and are negatively correlated with insulin resistance. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:851-5. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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45
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Depression and type 2 diabetes: Inflammatory mechanisms of a psychoneuroendocrine co-morbidity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:658-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ge Q, Ryken L, Noel L, Maury E, Brichard SM. Adipokines identified as new downstream targets for adiponectin: lessons from adiponectin-overexpressing or -deficient mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E326-35. [PMID: 21540448 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00153.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Among them, adiponectin (ApN), a master regulator of immune and fuel homeostasis, is decreased. Identifying downstream adipokines targeted by ApN may help in deciphering this syndrome. We have generated transgenic mice, allowing persistent and moderate overexpression of ApN (ApN-Overex) specifically in white adipose tissue (AT). We took advantage of this model to unravel the adipokine secretion profile triggered by ApN. AT was fractionated into adipocytes and stromal-vascular cells (SVC), which were cultured for 8 h. Profiling of secretory products by antibody arrays and subsequent ELISAs showed that the secretion of three proinflammatory factors (IL-17B, IL-21, TNFα) and three hematopoietic growth factors [GF; thrombopoietin and granulocyte (macrophage) colony-stimulating-factors] was reduced in adipocytes of ApN-Overex mice compared with wild-type mice. In the SVC of these mice, besides the hematopoietic GFs, the secretion of another GF (vascular endothelial GF receptor 1), two chemokines (RANTES and ICAM-1), and two proinflammatory factors (IL-6 and IL-12p70) was reduced as well. Only one cytokine, IL-1 receptor 4, was oversecreted by SVC of ApN-Overex mice, which may exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Most of these changes in secretion were due to corresponding changes in mRNAs. A reverse profile of adipokine expression was observed in ApN-KO mice. In conclusion, ApN regulates in vivo the secretion of downstream adipokines, thereby inducing a shift of the immune balance in both adipocytes and SVC toward a less inflammatory phenotype. These downstream adipokines may be new therapeutic targets for the management of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ge
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, Brussels, Belgium
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47
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Maury E, Brichard SM, Pataky Z, Carpentier A, Golay A, Bobbioni-Harsch E. Effect of obesity on growth-related oncogene factor-alpha, thrombopoietin, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 serum levels. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:1503-9. [PMID: 20035279 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have recently identified several adipokines as oversecreted by omental adipose tissue (AT) of obese subjects: two chemokines (growth-related oncogene factor-alpha (GRO-alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1 beta)), a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), an interleukin-7 (IL-7) and a megakaryocytic growth-factor (thrombopoietin (TPO)). These adipokines are involved in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the circulating levels of these adipokines were increased in obesity and to identify the responsible factors. A cross-sectional study including 32 lean (BMI (kg/m(2)) <25), 15 overweight (BMI: 25-29.9), 11 obese (BMI: 30-39.9), and 17 severely obese (BMI >40) age-matched women was carried out. Serum adipokine levels, insulin sensitivity, and substrate oxidation were measured by ELISA, euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Circulating levels of GRO-alpha, TPO, and TIMP-1 were higher in obese and/or severely obese women than in lean ones (+30, 55, and 20%, respectively). Serum levels of these adipokines positively correlated with insulinemia or glycemia, and negatively with insulin sensitivity. TIMP-1 also positively correlated with blood pressure, and TPO with triglyceride levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that fat mass per se was an independent determinant of GRO-alpha, TPO, and TIMP-1 levels, suggesting that hypertrophied adipocytes and recruited macrophages in expanded AT mainly contribute to this hyperadipokinemia. Insulinemia, glycemia and resistance of glucose oxidation to insulin were additional predictors for TPO. Circulating GRO-alpha, TPO, and TIMP-1 levels are increased in obesity. This may be partially due to augmented adiposity per se and to hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance. These high systemic levels may in turn worsen/promote insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Maury
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Chazenbalk G, Trivax BS, Yildiz BO, Bertolotto C, Mathur R, Heneidi S, Azziz R. Regulation of adiponectin secretion by adipocytes in the polycystic ovary syndrome: role of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:935-42. [PMID: 20089616 PMCID: PMC2840865 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue dysfunction associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and dysregulation of adipokine secretion might significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether the effect of TNF-alpha, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, or coculture of adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), on the secretion of adiponectin by adipocytes, differs in PCOS compared with controls. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Primary cultures of sc adipocytes and coculture of adipocytes and ATMs from overweight and obese patients with PCOS and healthy control women were used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adiponectin secretion by adipocytes was measured. RESULTS The baseline secretion of adiponectin by isolated adipocytes did not differ between PCOS and control samples. The net change in adiponectin secretion in response to IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and TNF-alpha differed between PCOS (decreasing) and control (increasing) adipocytes, although the difference reached significance only for TNF-alpha (P < 0.04). Coculture of isolated adipocytes and ATMs resulted in a decrease in adiponectin secretion by PCOS (P < 0.05) but not control adipocytes, and the difference between the net change in adiponectin secretion in PCOS vs. control samples was significant (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that adiponectin secretion by adipocytes in response to cytokines/chemokines and most notably in response to coculturing with ATMs differs between PCOS and control women, favoring greater suppression of adiponectin in PCOS. The mechanisms underlying these defects and the role of concurrent obesity remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Chazenbalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Androgen-Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West Third Street, Suite 160W, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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