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Yan T, Yan N, Xia Y, Sawaswong V, Zhu X, Dias HB, Aibara D, Takahashi S, Hamada K, Saito Y, Li G, Liu H, Yan H, Velenosi TJ, Krausz KW, Huang J, Kimura S, Rotman Y, Qu A, Hao H, Gonzalez FJ. Hepatocyte-specific CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α restricts liver fibrosis progression. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e166731. [PMID: 38557493 PMCID: PMC10977981 DOI: 10.1172/jci166731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) - previously described as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) - is a major driver of liver fibrosis in humans, while liver fibrosis is a key determinant of all-cause mortality in liver disease independent of MASH occurrence. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPA), as a versatile ligand-independent transcriptional factor, has an important function in myeloid cells, and is under clinical evaluation for cancer therapy. CEBPA is also expressed in hepatocytes and regulates glucolipid homeostasis; however, the role of hepatocyte-specific CEBPA in modulating liver fibrosis progression is largely unknown. Here, hepatic CEBPA expression was found to be decreased during MASH progression both in humans and mice, and hepatic CEBPA mRNA was negatively correlated with MASH fibrosis in the human liver. CebpaΔHep mice had markedly enhanced liver fibrosis induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol, high-fructose diet or carbon tetrachloride. Temporal and spatial hepatocyte-specific CEBPA loss at the progressive stage of MASH in CebpaΔHep,ERT2 mice functionally promoted liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, hepatocyte CEBPA directly repressed Spp1 transactivation to reduce the secretion of osteopontin, a fibrogenesis inducer of hepatic stellate cells. Forced hepatocyte-specific CEBPA expression reduced MASH-associated liver fibrosis. These results demonstrate an important role for hepatocyte-specific CEBPA in liver fibrosis progression, and may help guide the therapeutic discoveries targeting hepatocyte CEBPA for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Yan
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vorthon Sawaswong
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Henrique Bregolin Dias
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Saito
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualong Yan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and
| | - Thomas J. Velenosi
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaron Rotman
- Liver and Energy Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Drug Target Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Jantaravinid J, Tirawanchai N, Ampawong S, Kengkoom K, Somkasetrin A, Nakhonsri V, Aramwit P. Transcriptomic screening of novel targets of sericin in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5455. [PMID: 38443583 PMCID: PMC10914811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sericin, a natural protein derived from Bombyx mori, is known to ameliorate liver tissue damage; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to identify the possible novel targets of sericin in hepatocytes and related cellular pathways. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that a low dose of sericin resulted in 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) being upregulated and 68 DEGs being downregulated, while 61 DEGs were upregulated and 265 DEGs were downregulated in response to a high dose of sericin (FDR ≤ 0.05, fold change > 1.50). Functional analysis revealed that a low dose of sericin regulated pathways associated with the complement and coagulation cascade, metallothionine, and histone demethylate (HDMs), whereas a high dose of sericin was associated with pathways involved in lipid metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and autophagy. The gene network analysis highlighted twelve genes, A2M, SERPINA5, MT2A, MT1G, MT1E, ARID5B, POU2F1, APOB, TRAF6, HSPA8, FGFR1, and OGT, as novel targets of sericin. Network analysis of transcription factor activity revealed that sericin affects NFE2L2, TFAP2C, STAT1, GATA3, CREB1 and CEBPA. Additionally, the protective effects of sericin depended on the counterregulation of APOB, POU2F1, OGT, TRAF6, and HSPA5. These findings suggest that sericin exerts hepatoprotective effects through diverse pathways at different doses, providing novel potential targets for the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Jantaravinid
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Napatara Tirawanchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2, Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6, Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Kengkoom
- Research and Academic Support Office, National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, 999, Salaya, Puttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Anchaleekorn Somkasetrin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2, Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Vorthunju Nakhonsri
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 144 Innovation Cluster 2 Building (INC) Tower A, Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Center of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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3
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Danielewski M, Rapak A, Kruszyńska A, Małodobra-Mazur M, Oleszkiewicz P, Dzimira S, Kucharska AZ, Słupski W, Matuszewska A, Nowak B, Szeląg A, Piórecki N, Zaleska-Dorobisz U, Sozański T. Cornelian Cherry ( Cornus mas L.) Fruit Extract Lowers SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in Liver and Alters Various PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, LXR-α Target Genes in Cholesterol-Rich Diet Rabbit Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1199. [PMID: 38256272 PMCID: PMC10816641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits, abundant in iridoids and anthocyanins, are natural products with proven beneficial impacts on the functions of the cardiovascular system and the liver. This study aims to assess and compare whether and to what extent two different doses of resin-purified cornelian cherry extract (10 mg/kg b.w. or 50 mg/kg b.w.) applied in a cholesterol-rich diet rabbit model affect the levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and various liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) target genes. Moreover, the aim is to evaluate the resistive index (RI) of common carotid arteries (CCAs) and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs. For this purpose, the levels of SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), endothelial lipase (LIPG), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) in liver tissue were measured. Also, the levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin), and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in visceral adipose tissue were measured. The RI of CCAs and aortas, and histopathological changes in CCAs, were indicated. The oral administration of the cornelian cherry extract decreased the SREBP-1c and C/EBPα in both doses. The dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. increased ABCA1 and decreased FAS, CPT1A, and RBP4, and the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. enhanced ABCG1 and AdipoR2. Mitigations in atheromatous changes in rabbits' CCAs were also observed. The obtained outcomes were compared to the results of our previous works. The beneficial results confirm that cornelian cherry fruit extract may constitute a potentially effective product in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Danielewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Angelika Kruszyńska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Małodobra-Mazur
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics II, Lower Silesian Center of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology, Grabiszynska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable, and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Słupski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Matuszewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.); (B.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz
- Department of General and Pediatric Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 50/52, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Pharmacology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Nikopoulou C, Kleinenkuhnen N, Parekh S, Sandoval T, Ziegenhain C, Schneider F, Giavalisco P, Donahue KF, Vesting AJ, Kirchner M, Bozukova M, Vossen C, Altmüller J, Wunderlich T, Sandberg R, Kondylis V, Tresch A, Tessarz P. Spatial and single-cell profiling of the metabolome, transcriptome and epigenome of the aging mouse liver. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1430-1445. [PMID: 37946043 PMCID: PMC10645594 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissues within an organism and even cell types within a tissue can age with different velocities. However, it is unclear whether cells of one type experience different aging trajectories within a tissue depending on their spatial location. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics in combination with single-cell ATAC-seq and RNA-seq, lipidomics and functional assays to address how cells in the male murine liver are affected by age-related changes in the microenvironment. Integration of the datasets revealed zonation-specific and age-related changes in metabolic states, the epigenome and transcriptome. The epigenome changed in a zonation-dependent manner and functionally, periportal hepatocytes were characterized by decreased mitochondrial fitness, whereas pericentral hepatocytes accumulated large lipid droplets. Together, we provide evidence that changing microenvironments within a tissue exert strong influences on their resident cells that can shape epigenetic, metabolic and phenotypic outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Nikopoulou
- Max Planck Research Group 'Chromatin and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Kleinenkuhnen
- Max Planck Research Group 'Chromatin and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Swati Parekh
- Max Planck Research Group 'Chromatin and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - Tonantzi Sandoval
- Max Planck Research Group 'Chromatin and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Ziegenhain
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farina Schneider
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Metabolic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kat-Folz Donahue
- FACS and Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Kirchner
- FACS and Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mihaela Bozukova
- Max Planck Research Group 'Chromatin and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Core Facility Genomics, Berlin, Germany; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wunderlich
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vangelis Kondylis
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Achim Tresch
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Peter Tessarz
- Max Planck Research Group 'Chromatin and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Kurek JM, Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Krejpcio Z. Steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni mitigate lipid metabolism abnormalities in diabetes by modulating selected gene expression - An in vivo study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115424. [PMID: 37677968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, in parallel to hyperglycaemia, elevated serum lipids are also diagnosed, representing a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to unravel the mechanisms that underlie the potential of steviol glycosides (stevioside or rebaudioside A) administered at two doses (500 or 2500 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks) to regulate lipid metabolism. In this paper, the expression of selected genes responsible for glucose and lipid metabolism (Glut4, Pparγ, Cebpa, Fasn, Lpl and Egr1) in the peripheral tissues (adipose, liver and muscle tissue) was determined using quantitative real-time PCR method. It was found that the supplementation of steviol glycosides affected the expression of Glut4, Cebpa and Fasn genes, depending on the type of the glycoside and its dose, as well as the type of tissue, whish in part may explain the lipid-regulatory potential of steviol glycosides in hyperglycaemic conditions. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies, including human trials, are needed to confirm these effects, before steviol glycosides can be used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Michał Kurek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mikołajczyk-Stecyna
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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6
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Head KZ, Bolatimi OE, Gripshover TC, Tan M, Li Y, Audam TN, Jones SP, Klinge CM, Cave MC, Wahlang B. Investigating the effects of long-term Aroclor 1260 exposure on fatty liver disease in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. FRONTIERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1180712. [PMID: 37426695 PMCID: PMC10327714 DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1180712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental toxicants that have been implicated in numerous health disorders including liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Toxicant-associated NAFLD, also known as toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD), consists of a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis and steatohepatitis to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously, our group demonstrated that 12-week exposure to the PCB mixture, Aroclor 1260, exacerbated steatohepatitis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice; however, the longer-term effects of PCBs on TAFLD remain to be elucidated. This study aims to examine the longer-term effects of Aroclor 1260 (>30 weeks) in a diet-induced obesity model to better understand how duration of exposure can impact TAFLD. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to Aroclor 1260 (20 mg/kg) or vehicle control by oral gavage at the beginning of the study period and fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD throughout the study period. Results Aroclor 1260 exposure (>30 weeks) led to steatohepatitis only in LFD-fed mice. Several Aroclor 1260 exposed LFD-fed mice also developed hepatocellular carcinoma (25%), which was absent in HFD-fed mice. The LFD+Aroclor1260 group also exhibited decreased hepatic Cyp7a1 expression and increased pro-fibrotic Acta2 expression. In contrast, longer term Aroclor 1260 exposure in conjunction with HFD did not exacerbate steatosis or inflammatory responses beyond those observed with HFD alone. Further, hepatic xenobiotic receptor activation by Aroclor 1260 was absent at 31 weeks post exposure, suggesting PCB redistribution to the adipose and other extra-hepatic tissues with time. Discussion Overall, the results demonstrated that longer-term PCB exposure worsened TAFLD outcomes independent of HFD feeding and suggests altered energy metabolism as a potential mechanism fueling PCB mediated toxicity without dietary insult. Additional research exploring mechanisms for these longer-term PCB mediated toxicity in TAFLD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Z. Head
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Oluwanifemi E. Bolatimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Tyler C. Gripshover
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Min Tan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Timothy N. Audam
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Steven P. Jones
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Matthew C. Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville (UofL) Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- The Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville (UofL) Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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7
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Guimarães VHD, Lelis DDF, Oliveira LP, Borém LMA, Guimarães FAD, Farias LC, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Santos SHS. Comparative study of dietary fat: lard and sugar as a better obesity and metabolic syndrome mice model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:449-459. [PMID: 33176505 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1835986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet macronutrient heterogeneity hinders animal studies' data extrapolation from metabolic disorders to human diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate different fat-diet compositions' effect on inducing lipid/glucose metabolism alterations in mice. METHODS Swiss male mice were fed for 12 weeks with five different diets: Standard Diet (ST), American Institute of Nutrition 93 for growth (AIN93G) high-butter/high-sugar (HBHS), high-lard/high-sugar (HLHS), and high-oil/high-sugar diet (soybean oil) (HOHS). Several parameters, such as serum biochemistry, histology, and liver mRNA expression, were accessed. RESULTS The main findings revealed that the HLHS diet dramatically altered liver metabolism inducing hepatic steatosis and increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, increasing liver CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP-α), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Catalase (CAT) mRNA expression. Moreover, the HLHS diet increased glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS High-fat/high-sugar diets are efficient to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome-associated alterations, and diets enriched with lard and sugar showed more effective results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Luis Paulo Oliveira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | | | - Felipe Alberto Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Postgraduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Brasil
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8
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Shi Z, Pang Y, Xu X, Lai W, Cao X, Mai K, Ai Q. Comparative analysis of nutritional and transcriptional regulation of hacd1 in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 266:110850. [PMID: 36990141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases 1 (Hacd1) is a critical enzyme in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis. The difference in expression of hacd1 might account for the stronger capacity of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in freshwater fish than in marine fish, but little is known about fish hacd1. Therefore, this study compared the responses of large yellow croaker and rainbow trout hacd1 to different oil sources or fatty acids, and also examined transcriptional regulation of this gene. In this study, hacd1 was highly expressed in the liver of large yellow croaker and rainbow trout, which is the main organ for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Therefore, we cloned the hacd1 coding sequence, with a phylogenetic analysis showing that this gene is evolutionarily conserved. Its localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), likely also indicates a conserved structure and function. The expression of hacd1 in the liver was significantly decreased after the substitution of soybean oil (SO) for fish oil but was not significantly affected after palm oil (PO) substitution. Linoleic acid (LA) incubation significantly promoted hacd1 expression in primary hepatocytes of large yellow croaker and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) incubation significantly promoted hacd1 expression in primary hepatocytes of rainbow trout. Transcription factors STAT4, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, HNF1, HSF3 and FOXP3 were identified in both large yellow croaker and rainbow trout. HNF1 had a stronger activation effect in rainbow trout than in large yellow croaker. FOXP3 inhibited hacd1 promoter activity in large yellow croaker but had no effect in rainbow trout. Therefore, the differences between HNF1 and FOXP3 affected the expression of hacd1 in the liver thus being responsible for the high capacity of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in rainbow trout.
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9
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Jansakun C, Chunglok W, Altamura S, Muckenthaler M, Staffer S, Tuma-Kellner S, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. Myeloid- and hepatocyte-specific deletion of group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 leads to dichotomous opposing phenotypes during MCD diet-induced NASH. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166590. [PMID: 36334837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of phospholipase A2VIA (iPLA2β or PLA2G6) are associated with body weights and blood C-reactive protein. The role of iPLA2β/PLA2G6 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still elusive because female iPla2β-null mice showed attenuated hepatic steatosis but exacerbated hepatic fibrosis after feeding with methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD). Herein, female mice with myeloid- (MPla2g6-/-) and hepatocyte- (LPla2g6-/-) specific PLA2G6 deletion were generated and phenotyped after MCDD feeding. Without any effects on hepatic steatosis, MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed further exaggeration of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as elevation of plasma TNFα, CCL2, and circulating monocytes. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from MPla2g6-/- mice displayed upregulation of PPARγ and CEBPα proteins, and elevated release of IL6 and CXCL1 under LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated BMDMs from MCDD-fed MPla2g6-/- mice showed suppressed expression of M1 Tnfa and Il6, but marked upregulation of M2 Arg1, Chil3, IL10, and IL13 as well as chemokine receptors Ccr2 and Ccr5. This in vitro shift was associated with exaggeration of hepatic M1/M2 cytokines, chemokines/chemokine receptors, and fibrosis genes. Contrarily, MCDD-fed LPla2g6-/- mice showed a complete protection which was associated with upregulation of Ppara/PPARα and attenuated expression of Pparg/PPARγ, fatty-acid uptake, triglyceride synthesis, and de novo lipogenesis genes. Interestingly, LPla2g6-/- mice fed with chow or MCDD displayed an attenuation of blood monocytes and elevation of anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4 in plasma and liver. Thus, PLA2G6 inactivation specifically in myeloid cells and hepatocytes led to opposing phenotypes in female mice undergoing NASH. Hepatocyte-specific PLA2G6 inhibitors may be further developed for treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Staffer
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Internal Medicine IV, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Aibara D, Matsuo K, Matsusue K. Lipase family member N is a novel target gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α in type 2 diabetic model mouse liver. Endocr J 2022; 69:567-575. [PMID: 35082200 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) is a transcription factor abundantly expressed in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which C/EBPα regulates the lipase family member N (Lipn) gene in the mouse liver. Mouse Lipn consists of non-coding exon 1 and the translation start site located in exon 2. Lipn expression in the fatty liver of ob/ob mice was significantly higher than that in OB/OB mice and was significantly repressed by liver-specific C/EBPα deficiency. Lipn expression in ob/ob mice was detected in the liver, epididymal WAT (eWAT), subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle, but not in the kidney, brain, and heart. Lipn expression in the liver, eWAT, and sWAT of wild-type mice was undetectable, although C/EBPα was highly expressed in these tissues. The database analysis revealed four putative C/EBP-responsive elements (CEBPREs), highly homologous with the typical CEBPRE consensus sequence at positions -2,686/-2,678, -1,364/-1,356, -106/-98, and -45/-37 from the transcription start site (+1) of Lipn. Reporter assays using reporter constructs with serial or internal deletions of the 5'-flanking regions of Lipn showed that two functional CEBPREs (-106/-98 and -45/-37) in the Lipn promoter region are essential for enhancing Lipn transcriptional activity by C/EBPα. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that C/EBPα/β binds to CEBPRE (-106/-98). These results suggest that C/EBPα and type 2 diabetic environment may be required for hepatic Lipn expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Aibara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Matsusue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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11
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GABA and Fermented Curcuma longa L. Extract Enriched with GABA Ameliorate Obesity through Nox4-IRE1α Sulfonation-RIDD-SIRT1 Decay Axis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081680. [PMID: 35458241 PMCID: PMC9031358 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a natural amino acid with antioxidant activity and is often considered to have therapeutic potential against obesity. Obesity has long been linked to ROS and ER stress, but the effect of GABA on the ROS-associated ER stress axis has not been thoroughly explored. Thus, in this study, the effect of GABA and fermented Curcuma longa L. extract enriched with GABA (FCLL-GABA) on the ROS-related ER stress axis and inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (IRE1α) sulfonation were examined with the HFD model to determine the underlying anti-obesity mechanism. Here, GABA and FCLL-GABA supplementations significantly inhibited the weight gain in HFD fed mice. The GABA and FCLL-GABA supplementation lowered the expressions of adipogenic transcription factors such as PPAR-γ, C/EBPα, FAS, and SREBP-1c in white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver from HFD-fed mice. The enhanced hyper-nutrient dysmetabolism-based NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4 and the resultant IRE1α sulfonation-RIDD-SIRT1 decay under HFD conditions were controlled with GABA and FCLL-GABA. Notably, GABA and FCLL-GABA administration significantly increased AMPK and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels in WAT of HFD-fed mice. These significant observations indicate that ER-localized Nox4-induced IRE1α sulfonation results in the decay of SIRT1 as a novel mechanism behind the positive implications of GABA on obesity. Moreover, the investigation lays a firm foundation for the development of FCLL-GABA as a functional ingredient.
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12
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Dam TV, Toft NI, Grøntved L. Cell-Type Resolved Insights into the Cis-Regulatory Genome of NAFLD. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050870. [PMID: 35269495 PMCID: PMC8909044 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing rapidly, and unmet treatment can result in the development of hepatitis, fibrosis, and liver failure. There are difficulties involved in diagnosing NAFLD early and for this reason there are challenges involved in its treatment. Furthermore, no drugs are currently approved to alleviate complications, a fact which highlights the need for further insight into disease mechanisms. NAFLD pathogenesis is associated with complex cellular changes, including hepatocyte steatosis, immune cell infiltration, endothelial dysfunction, hepatic stellate cell activation, and epithelial ductular reaction. Many of these cellular changes are controlled by dramatic changes in gene expression orchestrated by the cis-regulatory genome and associated transcription factors. Thus, to understand disease mechanisms, we need extensive insights into the gene regulatory mechanisms associated with tissue remodeling. Mapping cis-regulatory regions genome-wide is a step towards this objective and several current and emerging technologies allow detection of accessible chromatin and specific histone modifications in enriched cell populations of the liver, as well as in single cells. Here, we discuss recent insights into the cis-regulatory genome in NAFLD both at the organ-level and in specific cell populations of the liver. Moreover, we highlight emerging technologies that enable single-cell resolved analysis of the cis-regulatory genome of the liver.
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13
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Garcinia cambogia Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated Steatosis and Apoptosis through NRF2-ARE Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081226. [PMID: 34439474 PMCID: PMC8388869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Garcinia cambogia (G. cambogia) is used as an anti-obesity supplement, and its protective potential against NAFLD has been investigated. This study aims to present the therapeutic effects of G. cambogia on NAFLD and reveal underlying mechanisms. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were administered G. cambogia for eight weeks, and steatosis, apoptosis, and biochemical parameters were examined in vivo. FFA-induced HepG2 cells were treated with G. cambogia, and lipid accumulation, apoptosis, ROS level, and signal alterations were examined. The results showed that G. cambogia inhibited HFD-induced steatosis and apoptosis and abrogated abnormalities in serum chemistry. G. cambogia increased in NRF2 nuclear expression and activated antioxidant responsive element (ARE), causing induction of antioxidant gene expression. NRF2 activation inhibited FFA-induced ROS production, which suppressed lipogenic transcription factors, C/EBPα and PPARγ. Moreover, the ability of G. cambogia to inhibit ROS production suppressed apoptosis by normalizing the Bcl-2/BAX ratio and PARP cleavage. Lastly, these therapeutic effects of G. cambogia were due to hydroxycitric acid (HCA). These findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which G. cambogia regulates NAFLD progression.
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14
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Abbey D, Conlon D, Rainville C, Elwyn S, Quiroz-Figueroa K, Billheimer J, Schultz DC, Hand NJ, Cherry S, Rader DJ. Lipid droplet screen in human hepatocytes identifies TRRAP as a regulator of cellular triglyceride metabolism. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1369-1379. [PMID: 34156146 PMCID: PMC8301584 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes store triglycerides (TGs) in the form of lipid droplets (LDs), which are increased in hepatosteatosis. The regulation of hepatic LDs is poorly understood and new therapies to reduce hepatosteatosis are needed. We performed a siRNA kinase and phosphatase screen in HuH‐7 cells using high‐content automated imaging of LDs. Changes in accumulated lipids were quantified with developed pipeline that measures intensity, area, and number of LDs. Selected “hits,” which reduced lipid accumulation, were further validated with other lipid and expression assays. Among several siRNAs that resulted in significantly reduced LDs, one was targeted to the nuclear adapter protein, transformation/transcription domain‐associated protein (TRRAP). Knockdown of TRRAP reduced triglyceride accumulation in HuH‐7 hepatocytes, in part by reducing C/EBPα‐mediated de novo synthesis of TGs. These findings implicate TRRAP as a novel regulator of hepatic TG metabolism and nominate it as a potential drug target for hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Abbey
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna Conlon
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Rainville
- High Throughput Screening Core, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susannah Elwyn
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Quiroz-Figueroa
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Billheimer
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- High Throughput Screening Core, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Kim JH, Matsubara T, Lee J, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Han K, Kim D, Jia S, Chang CJ, Yang H, Nagano T, Krausz KW, Yim SH, Gonzalez FJ. Lysosomal SLC46A3 modulates hepatic cytosolic copper homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:290. [PMID: 33436590 PMCID: PMC7804329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes hepatic toxicity associated with prominent lipid accumulation in humans. Here, the authors report that the lysosomal copper transporter SLC46A3 is induced by TCDD and underlies the hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, potentially via effects on mitochondrial function. SLC46A3 was localized to the lysosome where it modulated intracellular copper levels. Forced expression of hepatic SLC46A3 resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and abnormal mitochondria morphology consistent with lower copper levels. SLC46A3 expression increased hepatic lipid accumulation similar to the known effects of TCDD exposure in mice and humans. The TCDD-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation was significantly decreased in Slc46a3-/- mice and was more pronounced when these mice were fed a high-fat diet, as compared to wild-type mice. These data are consistent with a model where lysosomal SLC46A3 induction by TCDD leads to cytosolic copper deficiency resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction leading to lower lipid catabolism, thus linking copper status to mitochondrial function, lipid metabolism and TCDD-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tsutomu Matsubara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jaekwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kyungreem Han
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shang Jia
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomokazu Nagano
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sun-Hee Yim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 41163, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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16
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Parafati M, Bae SH, Kirby RJ, Fitzek M, Iyer P, Engkvist O, Smith DM, Malany S. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes Phenotypic Screening Reveals Small Molecules Targeting the CDK2/4-C/EBPα/DGAT2 Pathway Preventing ER-Stress Induced Lipid Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249557. [PMID: 33334026 PMCID: PMC7765409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a large impact on global health. At the onset of disease, NAFLD is characterized by hepatic steatosis defined by the accumulation of triglycerides stored as lipid droplets. Developing therapeutics against NAFLD and progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains a high priority in the medical and scientific community. Drug discovery programs to identify potential therapeutic compounds have supported high throughput/high-content screening of in vitro human-relevant models of NAFLD to accelerate development of efficacious anti-steatotic medicines. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology is a powerful platform for disease modeling and therapeutic assessment for cell-based therapy and personalized medicine. In this study, we applied AstraZeneca’s chemogenomic library, hiPSC technology and multiplexed high content screening to identify compounds that significantly reduced intracellular neutral lipid content. Among 13,000 compounds screened, we identified hits that protect against hiPSC-derived hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced steatosis by a mechanism of action including inhibition of the cyclin D3-cyclin-dependent kinase 2-4 (CDK2-4)/CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPα)/diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) pathway, followed by alteration of the expression of downstream genes related to NAFLD. These findings demonstrate that our phenotypic platform provides a reliable approach in drug discovery, to identify novel drugs for treatment of fatty liver disease as well as to elucidate their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Parafati
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.P.); (S.H.B.)
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Sang Hyo Bae
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.P.); (S.H.B.)
| | - R. Jason Kirby
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Martina Fitzek
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK;
| | - Preeti Iyer
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; (P.I.); (O.E.)
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden; (P.I.); (O.E.)
| | - David M. Smith
- Emerging Innovations Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge SG8 6HB, UK;
| | - Siobhan Malany
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (M.P.); (S.H.B.)
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-273-6400
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17
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Singh R, Joshi M, Varshney Y, Srivastava J, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Tri-Herbal Medicine Divya Sarva-Kalp-Kwath (Livogrit) Regulates Fatty Acid-Induced Steatosis in Human HepG2 Cells through Inhibition of Intracellular Triglycerides and Extracellular Glycerol Levels. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204849. [PMID: 33096687 PMCID: PMC7587968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatosis is characterized by excessive triglycerides accumulation in liver cells. Recently, application of herbal formulations has gained importance in treating complex diseases. Therefore, this study explores the efficacy of tri-herbal medicine Divya Sarva-Kalp-Kwath (SKK; brand name, Livogrit) in treating free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis in human liver (HepG2) cells and rat primary hepatocytes. Previously, we demonstrated that cytosafe SKK ameliorated CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated the role of SKK in reducing FFA-induced cell-death, and steatosis in HepG2 through analysis of cell viability, intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation, extracellular free glycerol levels, and mRNA expression changes. Plant metabolic components fingerprinting in SKK was performed via High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Treatment with SKK significantly reduced the loss of cell viability induced by 2 mM-FFA in a dose-dependent manner. SKK also reduced intracellular lipid, triglyceride accumulation, secreted AST levels, and increased extracellular free glycerol presence in the FFA-exposed cells. SKK normalized the FFA-stimulated overexpression of SREBP1c, FAS, C/EBPα, and CPT1A genes associated with the induction of steatosis. In addition, treatment of rat primary hepatocytes with FFA and SKK concurrently, reduced intracellular lipid accumulation. Thus, SKK showed efficacy in reducing intracellular triglyceride accumulation and increasing extracellular glycerol release, along with downregulation of related key genetic factors for FFA-associated steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, 40 Lambhill Street, Kinning Park, Glasgow G41 1AU, UK
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Rani Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Monali Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Yash Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; (A.B.); (V.G.); (R.S.); (M.J.); (Y.V.); (J.S.); (K.B.)
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee-Haridwar Road, Haridwar 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-1334-244-107 (ext. x7458); Fax: +91-1334-244-805
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Ashida H, Tian X, Kitakaze T, Yamashita Y. Bisacurone suppresses hepatic lipid accumulation through inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:43-52. [PMID: 32801468 PMCID: PMC7417797 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Turmeric and its components have various health beneficial functions. However, little is known about function of bisacurone, which is one of the sesquiterpenes in turmeric, at the compound level. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of bisacurone on hepatic lipid accumulation and its mechanism in HepG2 cells and ICR mice. In HepG2 cells, bisacurone significantly inhibited fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Bisacurone at 10 µM increased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A accompanied by phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In the liver of ICR mice, bisacurone decreased total lipids, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents. Bisacurone at 10 mg/kg body weight increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, and its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis, while it decreased the nuclear translocation level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein as the major transcription factors for lipogenesis. On the other hand, bisacurone promoted lipolysis by up-expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A. Thus, bisacurone might be a valuable food factor for preventing hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis through phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaokuo Tian
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Transcriptional Regulation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070283. [PMID: 32660130 PMCID: PMC7408131 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the primary risk factor for the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the worldwide prevalence of which continues to increase dramatically. The liver plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of whole-body lipid and glucose homeostasis. This is mainly mediated by the transcriptional activation of hepatic pathways that promote glucose and lipid production or utilization in response to the nutritional state of the body. However, in the setting of chronic excessive nutrition, the dysregulation of hepatic transcriptional machinery promotes lipid accumulation, inflammation, metabolic stress, and fibrosis, which culminate in NAFLD. In this review, we provide our current understanding of the transcription factors that have been linked to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Using publicly available transcriptomic data, we outline the altered activity of transcription factors among humans with NAFLD. By expanding this analysis to common experimental mouse models of NAFLD, we outline the relevance of mouse models to the human pathophysiology at the transcriptional level.
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Caiment F, Wolters J, Smit E, Schrooders Y, Kleinjans J, van den Beucken T. Valproic acid promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in primary human hepatocytes in vitro; impact of C/EBPα-controlled gene expression. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3463-3473. [PMID: 32623605 PMCID: PMC7502062 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a frequently prescribed anti-epileptic drug which is known to cause liver toxicity and steatosis through mitochondrial dysfunction. Nevertheless the mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are incompletely understood. In this study, we determined the effect of relatively short (3 h) or prolonged (72 h) exposure to VPA on mitochondrial function in primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). While 3 h VPA exposure did not affect oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in PHHs, prolonged exposure (24–72 h) significantly reduced basal and maximal OCRs. Given that in particular prolonged VPA exposure is required to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, we investigated gene expression data after VPA exposure for 24, 48, 72 h and 72 h VPA followed by a 72 h washout period. We were able to reduce the comprehensive gene expression changes into a more comprehensible set of 18 TFs that were predicted to be persistently activated after 72 h of VPA exposure. Lentiviral knock-down of one of the candidate TFs, C/EBPα, partly rescued VPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis of shC/EBPα and shGFP control PHHs identified 24 genuine C/EBPα target genes that are regulated in response to prolonged VPA exposure in PHHs. Altogether this provides new insights on the involvement of C/EBPα in driving VPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human liver cells. This hub gene, with its downstream regulators involved in this deregulation, thus represent potential new biomarkers for VPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caiment
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Wolters
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Smit
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Schrooders
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Kleinjans
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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WDR76 mediates obesity and hepatic steatosis via HRas destabilization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19676. [PMID: 31873167 PMCID: PMC6927951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras/MAPK (mitogen active protein kinase) signaling plays contradictory roles in adipocyte differentiation and is tightly regulated during adipogenesis. However, mechanisms regulating adipocyte differentiation involving Ras protein stability regulation are unknown. Here, we show that WD40 repeat protein 76 (WDR76), a novel Ras regulating E3 linker protein, controls 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through HRas stability regulation. The roles of WDR76 in obesity and metabolic regulation were characterized using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model using Wdr76-/- mice and liver-specific Wdr76 transgenic mice (Wdr76Li-TG). Wdr76-/- mice are resistant to HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia with an increment of HRas levels. In contrast, Wdr76Li-TG mice showed increased HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance with reduced HRas levels. Our findings suggest that WDR76 controls HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis via HRas destabilization. These data provide insights into the links between WDR76, HRas, and obesity.
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22
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Vaspin is a novel target gene of hepatic CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein. Gene X 2019; 721:144113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Effect of Dietary Rumen-Protected L-Tryptophan Supplementation on Growth Performance, Blood Hematological and Biochemical Profiles, and Gene Expression in Korean Native Steers under Cold Environment. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121036. [PMID: 31783557 PMCID: PMC6941001 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, the effect of dietary rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPT) supplement on growth performance, blood hematological and biochemical profiles, and gene expression was investigated in beef steers during a cold environment. We revealed that supplementation of 0.1% RPT incorporated into diet was beneficial owing to enhanced growth performance by increasing the ADG and glucose level, decreasing the feed conversion ratio, and maintaining homeostasis in immune responses in beef steers in a cold environment. Abstract We assessed the growth performance, physiological traits, and gene expressions in steers fed with dietary rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPT) under a cold environment. Eight Korean native steers were assigned to two dietary groups, no RPT (Control) and RPT (0.1% RPT supplementation on a dry matter basis) for six weeks. Maximum and minimum temperatures throughout the experiment were 6.7 °C and −7.0 °C, respectively. Supplementation of 0.1% RPT to a total mixed ration did not increase body weight but had positive effects of elevating average daily gain (ADG) and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) on days 27 and 48. The metabolic parameter showed a higher glucose level (on day 27) in the 0.1% RPT group compared to the control group. Real-time PCR analysis showed no significant differences in the expression of muscle (MYF6, MyoD, and Desmin) metabolism genes between the two groups, whereas the expression of fat (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4) metabolism genes was lower in the 0.1% RPT group than in the control group. Thus, we demonstrate that long-term (six weeks) dietary supplementation of 0.1% RPT was beneficial owing to enhanced growth performance by increasing the ADG and glucose level, decreasing FCR, and maintaining homeostasis in immune responses in beef steers in a cold environment.
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Sharma S, Chakravarthy H, Suresh G, Devanathan V. Adult Goat Retinal Neuronal Culture: Applications in Modeling Hyperglycemia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:983. [PMID: 31607843 PMCID: PMC6756134 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture of adult neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) can provide a unique model system to explore neurodegenerative diseases. The CNS includes neurons and glia of the brain, spinal cord and retina. Neurons in the retina have the advantage of being the most accessible cells of the CNS, and can serve as a reliable mirror to the brain. Typically, primary cultures utilize fetal rodent neurons, but very rarely adult neurons from larger mammals. Here, we cultured primary retinal neurons isolated from adult goat up to 10 days, and established an in vitro model of hyperglycemia for performing morphological and molecular characterization studies. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that approximately 30–40% of cultured cells expressed neuronal markers. Next, we examined the relative expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in adult goat brain and retina. We also studied the effect of different glucose concentrations and media composition on the growth and expression of CAMs in cultured retinal neurons. Hyperglycemia significantly enhances neurite outgrowth in adult retinal neurons in culture. Expression of CAMs such as Caspr1, Contactin1 and Prion is downregulated in the presence of high glucose. Hyperglycemia downregulates the expression of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP α), predicted to bind CAM gene promoters. Collectively, our study demonstrates that metabolic environment markedly affects transcriptional regulation of CAMs in adult retinal neurons in culture. The effect of hyperglycemia on CAM interactions, as well as related changes in intracellular signaling pathways in adult retinal neurons warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Sharma
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Harshini Chakravarthy
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Gowthaman Suresh
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Vasudharani Devanathan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
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Danoy M, Bernier ML, Kimura K, Poulain S, Kato S, Mori D, Kido T, Plessy C, Kusuhara H, Miyajima A, Sakai Y, Leclerc E. Optimized protocol for the hepatic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells in a fluidic microenvironment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1762-1776. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Danoy
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, CNRS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Myriam Lereau Bernier
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, CNRS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Chemical System EngineeringGraduate School of Engineering, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Stephane Poulain
- Division of Genomic MedicineRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohama Japan
| | - Sachi Kato
- Division of Genomic MedicineRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohama Japan
| | - Daiki Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Charles Plessy
- Division of Genomic MedicineRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohama Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System EngineeringGraduate School of Engineering, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, CNRS UMI 2820, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of TokyoTokyo Japan
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Lipid Accumulation and Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040722. [PMID: 30925738 PMCID: PMC6520701 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are the most prevalent independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the renal parenchyma is detrimental to renal function. Non-esterified fatty acids (also known as free fatty acids, FFA) are especially harmful to the kidneys. A concerted, increased FFA uptake due to high fat diets, overexpression of fatty acid uptake systems such as the CD36 scavenger receptor and the fatty acid transport proteins, and a reduced β-oxidation rate underlie the intracellular lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues. FFAs in excess can damage podocytes, proximal tubular epithelial cells and the tubulointerstitial tissue through various mechanisms, in particular by boosting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, promoting mitochondrial damage and tissue inflammation, which result in glomerular and tubular lesions. Not all lipids are bad for the kidneys: polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to help lag the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lifestyle interventions, especially dietary adjustments, and lipid-lowering drugs can contribute to improve the clinical outcome of patients with CKD.
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Ribavirin-induced down-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α leads to suppression of lipogenesis. Biochem J 2019; 476:137-149. [PMID: 30552141 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the anti-viral drug ribavirin (RBV) had the ability to suppress lipogenesis through down-regulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) under the control of the intracellular GTP-level and AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinases, especially microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4). RXRα-overexpression attenuated but did not abolish lipogenesis suppression by RBV, implying that additional factor(s) were involved in this suppressive effect. In the present study, we found that the protein level, but not the mRNA level, of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) was down-regulated by RBV in hepatic cells. Treatment with proteasome inhibitor attenuated RBV-induced down-regulation of C/EBPα, suggesting that RBV promoted degradation of C/EBPα protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Depletion of intracellular GTP through inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition by RBV led to down-regulation of C/EBPα. In contrast, down-regulation of C/EBPα by RBV was independent of RXRα and MARK4. Knockdown of C/EBPα reduced the intracellular neutral lipid levels and the expression of genes related to the triglyceride (TG) synthesis pathway, especially glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial (GPAM), which encodes the first rate-limiting TG enzyme. Overexpression of C/EBPα yielded the opposite results. We also observed that RBV decreased GPAM expression. Moreover, overexpression of GPAM attenuated RBV-induced reduction in the intracellular neutral lipid levels. These data suggest that down-regulation of C/EBPα by RBV leads to the reduction in GPAM expression, which contributes to the suppression of lipogenesis. Our findings about the mechanism of RBV action in lipogenesis suppression will provide new insights for therapy against the active lipogenesis involved in hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular carcinomas.
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Park YJ, Lee GS, Cheon SY, Cha YY, An HJ. The anti-obesity effects of Tongbi-san in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:1. [PMID: 30606178 PMCID: PMC6319014 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been noted that natural herbal medications may be effective in treating obesity. Tongbi-san (TBS) is a traditional medicine usually used for dysuria (i.e., painful urination), containing three herbs, Cyperus rotundus L., Citrus unshiu Markovich, and Poria cocos. In this study, we aimed to examine whether TBS can inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipogenesis in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice were fed a normal diet, an HFD, an HFD plus orlistat 10 or 20 mg/kg, or an HFD plus TBS 50 or 100 mg/kg for 11 weeks. Body weight was checked weekly and histological tissue examinations were investigated. An expression of genes involved in adipogenesis was also assessed. RESULTS Oral administration of TBS significantly reduced body weight and decreased epididymal and visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. In addition, we found that TBS enhanced the expression of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the expression of transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the liver and epididymal WAT as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of TBS may be linked to the activation of AMPK.
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Papah MB, Brannick EM, Schmidt CJ, Abasht B. Gene expression profiling of the early pathogenesis of wooden breast disease in commercial broiler chickens using RNA-sequencing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207346. [PMID: 30517117 PMCID: PMC6281187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wooden Breast Disease (WBD), a myopathy in commercial broiler chickens characterized by abnormally firm consistency of the pectoral muscle, impacts the poultry industry negatively due to severe reduction in meat quality traits. To unravel the molecular profile associated with the onset and early development of WBD in broiler chickens, we compared time-series gene expression profiles of Pectoralis (P.) major muscles between unaffected and affected birds from a high-breast-muscle-yield, purebred broiler line. P. major biopsy samples were collected from the cranial and caudal aspects of the muscle belly in birds that were raised up to 7 weeks of age (i.e. market age). Three subsets of biopsy samples comprising 6 unaffected (U) and 10 affected (A) from week 2 (cranial) and 4 (caudal), and 4U and 11A from week 3 (cranial) were processed for RNA-sequencing analysis. Sequence reads generated were processed using a suite of bioinformatics programs producing differentially expressed (DE) genes for each dataset at fold-change (A/U or U/A) >1.3 and False Discovery Ratio (FDR) <0.05 (week 2: 41 genes; week 3: 618 genes and week 4: 39 genes). Functional analysis of DE genes using literature mining, BioDBnet and IPA revealed several biological processes and pathways associated with onset and progress of WBD. Top among them were dysregulation of energy metabolism, response to inflammation, vascular disease and remodeling of extracellular matrix. This study reveals that presence of molecular perturbations involving the vasculature, extracellular matrix and metabolism are pertinent to the onset and early pathogenesis of WBD in commercial meat-type chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Papah
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Brannick
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
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Li L, Zhang C, Chen JL, Hong FF, Chen P, Wang JF. Effects of simulated microgravity on the expression profiles of RNA during osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12539. [PMID: 30397970 PMCID: PMC6496301 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to microgravity induces many adaptive and pathological changes in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms of these changes are poorly understood. We revealed the gene expression patterns of hBMSCs under normal ground (NG) and simulated microgravity (SMG), which showed an interpretation for these changes by gene regulation and signal pathways analysis. Materials and methods In this study, hBMSCs were osteogenically induced for 0, 2, 7 and 14 days under normal ground gravity and simulated microgravity, followed by analysis of the differences in transcriptome expression during osteogenic differentiation by RNA sequencing and some experimental verification for these results. Results The results indicated that 837, 399 and 894 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 2, 7 and 14 days samples, respectively, out of which 13 genes were selected for qRT‐PCR analysis to confirm the RNA‐sequencing results. After analysis, we found that proliferation was inhibited in the early stage of induction. In the middle stage, osteogenic differentiation was inhibited, whereas adipogenic differentiation benefited from SMG. Moreover, SMG resulted in the up‐regulation of genes specific for tumorigenesis in the later stage. Conclusion Our data revealed that SMG inhibits the proliferation and inhibits the differentiation towards osteoblasts but promotes adipogenesis. SMG also selects highly tumorigenic cells for survival under prolonged SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Fan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Departments of Cell Biology and Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Santangeli S, Notarstefano V, Maradonna F, Giorgini E, Gioacchini G, Forner-Piquer I, Habibi HR, Carnevali O. Effects of diethylene glycol dibenzoate and Bisphenol A on the lipid metabolism of Danio rerio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:641-655. [PMID: 29723837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known to disrupt normal metabolism and can influence the incidence of obesity in animals and humans. EDCs can exert adverse effects at low concentrations, often in a non-monotonic dose-related fashion. Among EDCs, Bisphenol A (BPA) is extensively used in the production of polycarbonate plastic, and is among the most abundant contaminants in the world. Diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DGB), an approved alternative to phthalates in the production of plastic and latex products, however, is less abundant and its effects are almost completely unknown. The aim of this study is to provide information on the hepatic effects of BPA and DGB on lipid metabolism, and investigate possible links between these contaminants and the increased incidence of obesity. In the present study, we exposed zebrafish to three different BPA doses (5; 10; 20 μg/L) and five different doses of DGB (0.01; 0.1; 1; 10; 100 μg/L) for a period of 21 days, and investigated transcript levels for genes involved in lipid metabolism as well as measuring liver content of phosphates, lipids and proteins. The results demonstrate disruptive effects of BPA and DGB on lipid metabolism in a non-monotonic dose-related fashion. The lowest dose of BPA increased the storage of triglycerides and promoted fatty acid synthesis, while the highest concentration promoted de novo lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis. Exposure to DGB was also found to affect lipid metabolism leading to increased lipid production and mobilization in a non-monotonic dose-related fashion. Analysis of BPA and DGB by FT-IR revealed that exposure to both compounds lead to changes in the biochemical composition of liver. The findings provide a support for the hypothesis that BPA and DGB may be among the environmental contaminants with obesogenic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Santangeli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; INBB Consorzio Interuniversitario di Biosistemi e Biostrutture, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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Li Z, Kim HJ, Park MS, Ji GE. Effects of fermented ginseng root and ginseng berry on obesity and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:312-319. [PMID: 29983612 PMCID: PMC6026359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that both ginseng root and ginseng berry exhibit antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. However, a direct comparison of the efficacy and mechanisms between the root and the berry after oral administration remains to be illuminated. Methods In this study, we observed the effects of fermented ginseng root (FGR) and fermented ginseng berry (FGB) on obesity and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet induced obese mice. Results FGR and FGB significantly inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. Both FGR and FGB significantly suppressed weight gain and excess food intake and improved hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver, while only FGR significantly attenuated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Both FGR and FGB significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of Ldlr and Acsl1 while FGR also significantly inhibited expression of Cebpa and Dgat2 in liver. FGR significantly decreased the epididymal fat weight of mice while FGB significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of genes Cebpa, Fas, Hsl, Il1b, and Il6 in adipose tissue. Conclusion Saponin from both FGR and FGB had a beneficial effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity. Compared to FGB, FGR exhibited more potent antihyperglycemic and antiobesity effect. However, only FGB significantly inhibited mRNA expression of inflammatory markers such as interleukins 1β and 6 in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Department of Hotel Culinary Arts, Yeonsung University, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, Bifido Co., Ltd., Hongchun, Republic of Korea
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Modified SJH alleviates FFAs-induced hepatic steatosis through leptin signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45425. [PMID: 28358008 PMCID: PMC5371820 DOI: 10.1038/srep45425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Samjunghwan (SJH) is an herbal formula used in traditional Korean medicine. This prescription has long been used in treatment of aging and lifestyle diseases. The current study showed the effect and mechanisms of anti-hepatic steatosis action of modified SJH (mSJH) in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with mSJH resulted in significantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation in steatosis-induced cells. Furthermore, mSJH triggered the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase as well as increased the expression of leptin at both protein and gene levels. In addition, C57BL6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) showed significant improvements in body, liver weights and fat weights; and serum, hepatic and fecal lipid parameters in response to the treatment with mSJH. Furthermore, mSJH showed favorable effects on the hepatic expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism. Betaine, one of constituents of mSJH exerted fundamental beneficial impact on FFAs-induced cells. However, the beneficial effects of mSJH were diminished upon blocking of leptin signaling by dexamethasone, suggesting the leptin signaling as a key component in mSJH-mediated modulation of lipid homeostasis. Our results suggest that mSJH exerts an anti-hepatic steatosis effect via activation of leptin and associated signaling cascades related to lipid metabolism.
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Tan HY, Tse IMY, Li ETS, Wang M. Oxyresveratrol Supplementation to C57bl/6 Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Symptoms. Nutrients 2017; 9:E147. [PMID: 28212343 PMCID: PMC5331578 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has been proven effective in inhibiting adipogenesis in a 3T3-L1 cell model. We investigated the preventive effect of oxyresveratrol supplementation on obesity development in high-fat diet-fed mice. Male C57bl/6 mice were randomly subjected to control (5% fat by weight, LF), high-fat (30% fat by weight, HF), and high-fat supplemented with 0.25% and 0.5% oxyresveratrol (OXY1 and OXY2, respectively) diet groups for eight weeks. Oxyresveratrol supplementation effectively alleviated obesity-associated symptoms such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Compared to the high-fat diet group, oxyresveratrol supplementation suppressed expression of glucose-6-phosphatase, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1, fatty acid synthase and CCAAT/Enhancer-binding proteins α, and elevated AMP-activated protein kinase (α2-catalytic subunit) level in liver, upregulated insulin-dependent glucose transporter type 4 level in adipose tissue, and increased expression of insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin-dependent glucose transporter type 4, AMP-activated protein kinase α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, and sirtuin 1 in muscle to regulate lipid and glucose homeostasis in these tissues. This study demonstrated that oxyresveratrol supplementation effectively ameliorated obesity-associated symptoms in high-fat diet-fed mice, presumably attributed to mediating critical regulators involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis in liver, visceral fat, and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Iris Mei Ying Tse
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Mingfu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhao X, Voutila J, Ghobrial S, Habib NA, Reebye V. Treatment of Liver Cancer by C/EBPA saRNA. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28639200 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4310-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor and has not improved in over two decades. Most patients with advanced HCC who are not eligible for surgery have limited treatment options due to poor liver function or large, unresectable tumors. Although sorafenib is the standard-of-care treatment for these patients, only a small number respond. For the remaining, the outlook remains bleak. A better approach to target "undruggable" molecular pathways that reverse HCC is therefore urgently needed. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) may provide a novel strategy to activate expression of genes that become dysregulated in chronic disease. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), a critical regulator of hepatocyte function, is suppressed in many advanced liver diseases. By using an saRNA to activate C/EBPα, we can exploit the cell's own transcription machinery to enhance gene expression without relying on exogenous vectors that have been the backbone of gene therapy. saRNAs do not integrate into the host genome and can be modified to avoid immune stimulation. In preclinical models of liver disease, treatment with C/EBPα saRNA has shown reduction in tumor volume and improvement in serum markers of essential liver function such as albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT). This saRNA that activates C/EBPα for advanced HCC is the first saRNA therapy to have entered a human clinical trial. The hope is that this new tool will help break the dismal 20-year trend and provide a more positive prognosis for patients with severe liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Stephanos Ghobrial
- Department of Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nagy A Habib
- Department of Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Vikash Reebye
- Department of Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Bai S, Pan S, Zhang K, Ding X, Wang J, Zeng Q, Xuan Y, Su Z. Dietary overload lithium decreases the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:163-171. [PMID: 28049100 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the toxic effects of dietary overload lithium on the adipogenesis in adipose tissue of chicken and the role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) in this process, one-day-old male chicks were fed with the basal diet added with 0 (control) or 100mg lithium/kg diet from lithium chloride (overload lithium) for 35days. Abdominal adipose tissue and hypothalamus were collected at day 6, 14, and 35. As a percentage of body weight, abdominal fat decreased (p<0.001) at day 6, 14, and 35, and feed intake and body weight gain decreased during day 7-14, and day 15-35 in overload lithium treated broilers as compared to control. Adipocyte diameter and DNA content in abdominal adipose tissue were significantly lower in overload-lithium treatment than control at day 35, although no significant differences were observed at day 6 and 14. Dietary overload lithium decreased (p<0.01) transcriptional expression of preadipocyte proliferation makers ki-67 (KI67), microtubule-associated protein homolog (TPX2), and topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A), and preadipocyte differentiation transcriptional factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α mRNA abundance in abdominal adipose tissue. In hypothalamus, dietary overload lithium influenced (p<0.001) NPY, and NPY receptor (NPYR) 6 mRNA abundance at day 6 and 14, but not at day 35. In conclusion, dietary overload lithium decreased the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of chicken, which was accompanied by depressing transcriptional expression of adipogenesis-associated factors. Hypothalamic NPY had a potential role in the adipogenesis in abdominal adipose tissue of broilers with a short-term overload lithium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Bai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuqin Pan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zuowei Su
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
The protein tribbles-1, encoded by the gene TRIB1, is increasingly recognized as a major regulator of multiple cellular and physiological processes in humans. Recent human genetic studies, as well as molecular biological approaches, have implicated this intriguing protein in the aetiology of multiple human diseases, including myeloid leukaemia, Crohn's disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidaemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly identified variants at the genomic TRIB1 locus as being significantly associated with multiple plasma lipid traits and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. The involvement of TRIB1 in hepatic lipid metabolism has been validated through viral-mediated hepatic overexpression of the gene in mice; increasing levels of TRIB1 decreased plasma lipids in a dose-dependent manner. Additional studies have implicated TRIB1 in the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis and NAFLD. The exact mechanisms of TRIB1 regulation of both plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenesis remain undetermined, although multiple signalling pathways and transcription factors have been implicated in tribbles-1 function. Recent reports have been aimed at developing TRIB1-based lipid therapeutics. In summary, tribbles-1 is an important modulator of human energy metabolism and metabolic syndromes and worthy of future studies aimed at investigating its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Abstract
The plasma concentration of lipids is a heritable risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and related coronary artery diseases (CAD). Mammalian tribbles homologue 1 (TRIB1) is a human locus, the downstream linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of which affects plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) levels and CAD across multiple ethnic groups. In addition, association of TRIB1 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has also been shown. A regulatory sequence that enhances TRIB1 promoter activity was identified in the LD block and the minor allele of a single nt polymorphism (SNP, rs6982502) in this regulatory sequence reduces the activity of the TRIB1 promoter. The minor allele of rs6982502 is a risk allele for increasing plasma lipid levels and NAFLD. Trib1 deficiency increases plasma cholesterol and TGs in mice and overexpression of TRIB1 in mouse liver reduces these factors. Expression of rate-limiting lipogenic enzymes is increased in Trib1-knockout mouse liver and decreased with overexpression. Recently, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) emerged as a novel binding partner of TRIB1. Furthermore, novel binding partner, Sin3A (Swi-independent 3A)-associated protein, 18 kDa, was identified, which activates microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) expression by binding with MTTP regulatory elements in co-ordination with mSin3A and TRIB1. Very recently, a small molecular compound that up-regulates TRIB1 expression in HepG2 cells has been discovered. Further exploration of the binding partners of TRIB1 and their involvement in lipid metabolism may aid discovery of novel pharmacological targets for the management of dyslipidaemia and steatosis.
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de Souza ICC, Martins LAM, de Vasconcelos M, de Oliveira CM, Barbé-Tuana F, Andrade CB, Pettenuzzo LF, Borojevic R, Margis R, Guaragna R, Guma FCR. Resveratrol Regulates the Quiescence-Like Induction of Activated Stellate Cells by Modulating the PPARγ/SIRT1 Ratio. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2304-12. [PMID: 25833683 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC), from a quiescent cell featuring cytoplasmic lipid droplets to a proliferative myofibroblast, plays an important role in liver fibrosis development. The GRX line is an activated HSC model that can be induced by all-trans-retinol to accumulate lipid droplets. Resveratrol is known for activating Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase that suppresses the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), an important adipogenic transcription factor involved in the quiescence maintenance of HSC. We evaluated the effects of 0.1 μM of resveratrol in retinol-induced GRX quiescence by investigating the interference of SIRT1 and PPARγ on cell lipogenesis. GRX lipid accumulation was evaluated through Oil-red O staining, triacylglycerides quantification, and [(14)C] acetate incorporation into lipids. mRNA expression and protein content of SIRT1 and PPARγ were measured by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Resveratrol-mediated SIRT1 stimuli did not induce lipogenesis and reduced the retinol-mediated fat-storing capacity in GRX. In order to support our results, we established a cell culture model of transgenic super expression of PPARγ in GRX cells (GRXPγ). Resveratrol reduced lipid droplets accumulation in GRXPγ cells. These results suggest that the PPARγ/SIRT1 ratio plays an important role in the fate of HSC. Thus, whenever the PPARγ activity is greater than SIRT1 activity the lipogenesis is enabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Cristina Custódio de Souza
- Departamento de Morfologia, IB, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), av. Duque de Caxias, 250, CEP 96 030 000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leo Anderson Meira Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Florencia Barbé-Tuana
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Ferreira Pettenuzzo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Radovan Borojevic
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, ICB, PABCAM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rogério Margis
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Regina Guaragna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo I, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lee YJ, Jang BK. The Role of Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26629-43. [PMID: 26561802 PMCID: PMC4661843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process involved in cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions. Autophagy is crucial for normal liver physiology and the pathogenesis of liver diseases. During the last decade, the function of autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been evaluated extensively. Currently, autophagy is thought to play a dual role in HCC, i.e., autophagy is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor suppression. Recent investigations of autophagy have suggested that autophagy biomarkers can facilitate HCC prognosis and the establishment of therapeutic approaches. In this review, we briefly summarize the current understanding of autophagy and discuss recent evidence for its role in HCC.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Autophagy/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog
- Beclin-1
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
- Mice
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, Korea.
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 700-712, Korea.
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Bai S, Wang G, Zhang W, Zhang S, Rice BB, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Broiler chicken adipose tissue dynamics during the first two weeks post-hatch. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 189:115-23. [PMID: 26263851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selection of broiler chickens for growth has led to increased adipose tissue accretion. To investigate the post-hatch development of adipose tissue, the abdominal, clavicular, and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were collected from broiler chicks at 4 and 14 days post-hatch. As a percent of body weight, abdominal fat increased (P<0.001) with age. At day 4, clavicular and subcutaneous fat depots were heavier (P<0.003) than abdominal fat whereas at day 14, abdominal and clavicular weighed more (P<0.003) than subcutaneous fat. Adipocyte area and diameter were greater in clavicular and subcutaneous than abdominal fat at 4 and 14 days post-hatch (P<0.001). Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity increased (P<0.001) in all depots from day 4 to 14, and at both ages was greatest in subcutaneous, intermediate in clavicular, and lowest in abdominal fat (P<0.05). In clavicular fat, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP)α, CEBPβ, fatty acid synthase (FASN), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and NPY receptor 5 (NPYR5) mRNA increased and NPYR2 mRNA decreased from day 4 to 14 (P<0.001). Thus, there are site-specific differences in broiler chick adipose development, with larger adipocytes and greater G3PDH activity in subcutaneous fat at day 4, more rapid growth of abdominal fat, and clavicular fat intermediate for most traits. Adipose tissue expansion was accompanied by changes in gene expression of adipose-associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Brittany Breon Rice
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Mark Andrew Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Elizabeth Ruth Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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Bauer RC, Sasaki M, Cohen DM, Cui J, Smith MA, Yenilmez BO, Steger DJ, Rader DJ. Tribbles-1 regulates hepatic lipogenesis through posttranscriptional regulation of C/EBPα. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3809-18. [PMID: 26348894 DOI: 10.1172/jci77095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants near the gene TRIB1 are significantly associated with several plasma lipid traits, circulating liver enzymes, and the development of coronary artery disease in humans; however, it is not clear how its protein product tribbles-1 regulates lipid metabolism. Here, we evaluated mice harboring a liver-specific deletion of Trib1 (Trib1_LSKO) to elucidate the role of tribbles-1 in mammalian hepatic lipid metabolism. These mice exhibited increased hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, lipogenic gene transcription, and de novo lipogenesis. Microarray analysis revealed altered transcription of genes that are downstream of the transcription factor C/EBPα, and Trib1_LSKO mice had increased hepatic C/EBPα protein. Hepatic overexpression of C/EBPα in WT mice phenocopied Trib1_LSKO livers, and hepatic knockout of Cebpa in Trib1_LSKO mice revealed that C/EBPα is required for the increased lipogenesis. Using ChIP-Seq, we found that Trib1_LSKO mice had increased DNA-bound C/EBPα near lipogenic genes and the Trib1 gene, which itself was transcriptionally upregulated by C/EBPα overexpression. Together, our results reveal that tribbles-1 regulates hepatic lipogenesis through posttranscriptional regulation of C/EBPα, which in turn transcriptionally upregulates Trib1. These data suggest an important role for C/EBPα in mediating the lipogenic effects of hepatic Trib1 deletion and provide insight into the association between TRIB1 and plasma lipids, and liver traits in humans.
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Lu GD, Ang YH, Zhou J, Tamilarasi J, Yan B, Lim YC, Srivastava S, Salto-Tellez M, Hui KM, Shen HM, Nguyen LN, Tan BC, Silver DL, Hooi SC. CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α predicts poorer prognosis and prevents energy starvation-induced cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2015; 61:965-78. [PMID: 25363290 PMCID: PMC4365685 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) plays an essential role in cellular differentiation, growth, and energy metabolism. Here, we investigate the correlation between C/EBPα and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient outcomes and how C/EBPα protects cells against energy starvation. Expression of C/EBPα protein was increased in the majority of HCCs examined (191 pairs) compared with adjacent nontumor liver tissues in HCC tissue microarrays. Its upregulation was correlated significantly with poorer overall patient survival in both Kaplan-Meier survival (P=0.017) and multivariate Cox regression (P=0.028) analyses. Stable C/EBPα-silenced cells failed to establish xenograft tumors in nude mice due to extensive necrosis, consistent with increased necrosis in human C/EBPα-deficient HCC nodules. Expression of C/EBPα protected HCC cells in vitro from glucose and glutamine starvation-induced cell death through autophagy-involved lipid catabolism. Firstly, C/EBPα promoted lipid catabolism during starvation, while inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation significantly sensitized cell death. Secondly, autophagy was activated in C/EBPα-expressing cells, and the inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 knockdown or chloroquine treatment attenuated lipid catabolism and subsequently sensitized cell death. Finally, we identified TMEM166 as a key player in C/EBPα-mediated autophagy induction and protection against starvation. CONCLUSION The C/EBPα gene is important in that it links HCC carcinogenesis to autophagy-mediated lipid metabolism and resistance to energy starvation; its expression in HCC predicts poorer patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical UniversityChina
| | - Yang Huey Ang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Jegadeesan Tamilarasi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Benedict Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yaw Chyn Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University BelfastBelfast, UK
| | - Kam M Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer CentreSingapore
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Bryan C Tan
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - David L Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
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Ishizuka Y, Nakayama K, Ogawa A, Makishima S, Boonvisut S, Hirao A, Iwasaki Y, Yada T, Yanagisawa Y, Miyashita H, Takahashi M, Iwamoto S. TRIB1 downregulates hepatic lipogenesis and glycogenesis via multiple molecular interactions. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:145-58. [PMID: 24389359 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1) regulates hepatic lipogenesis and is genetically associated with plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and cholesterol, but the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. We explored these mechanisms in mouse livers transfected with a TRIB1 overexpression, a shRNA template or a control (LacZ) adenovirus vector. The overexpression of TRIB1 reduced, whereas induction of the shRNA template increased, plasma glucose, TG, and cholesterol and simultaneously hepatic TG and glycogen levels. The involvement of TRIB1 in hepatic lipid accumulation was supported by the findings of a human SNP association study. A TRIB1 SNP, rs6982502, was identified in an enhancer sequence, modulated enhancer activity in reporter gene assays, and was significantly (P=9.39 × 10(-7)) associated with ultrasonographically diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a population of 5570 individuals. Transcriptome analyses of mouse livers revealed significant modulation of the gene sets involved in glycogenolysis and lipogenesis. Enforced TRIB1 expression abolished CCAAT/enhancer binding protein A (CEBPA), CEBPB, and MLXIPL proteins, whereas knockdown increased the protein level. Levels of TRIB1 expression simultaneously affected MKK4 (MAP2K4), MEK1 (MAP2K1), and ERK1/2 (MAPK1/3) protein levels and the phosphorylation of JNK, but not of ERK1/2. Pull-down and mammalian two-hybrid analyses revealed novel molecular interaction between TRIB1 and a hepatic lipogenic master regulator, MLXIPL. Co-expression of TRIB1 and CEBPA or MLXIPL reduced their protein levels and proteasome inhibitors attenuated the reduction. These data suggested that the modulation of TRIB1 expression affects hepatic lipogenesis and glycogenesis through multiple molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuumi Ishizuka
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan Department of Anatomy Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan Health Care Food Research, Human Health Care Research, Research and Development, Kao Corporation, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan Jichi Medical University Health Care Center, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan Division of Community and Family Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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The genetic polymorphisms of cathepsin S were associated with metabolic disorders in a Chinese Han population. Gene 2013; 526:385-9. [PMID: 23747398 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CTSS) played an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Few studies had been reported on the association between the polymorphisms of CTSS and metabolic disorders in Asian population. Therefore we explored the association between the polymorphisms of CTSS and metabolic disorders in a Chinese Han population. The subjects were a Chinese Han cohort with 1160 participants, and the genotyping was performed with PCR-RFLP. Polymorphism rs16827671 was associated with BMI and serum total cholesterol (P=0.001; P=0.02, respectively). Subjects with CT genotype of rs16827671 had a higher risk of hypercholesterolemia (OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33, P=0.006) compared with TT genotype. Subjects with AG genotype of rs11576175 had lower risks of hypertriglyceridemia and borderline hypercholesterolemia (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.36-0.73, P=0.0001; OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.77, P=0.001, respectively) compared with GG genotype. Compared with the haplotype TG, haplotype TA had a lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia and a higher risk of borderline hypercholesterolemia (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.44-0.88, P=0.002; OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.10-2.31, P=0.008, respectively), and haplotype CA had a lower risk of hypercholesterolemia (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.18-0.68, P=0.002). In conclusion, we found that the genetic polymorphisms of CTSS were associated with metabolic disorders in a Chinese Han population, which would enrich the knowledge on genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
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Coumarin attenuates hepatic steatosis by down-regulating lipogenic gene expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:1590-7. [PMID: 23597175 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Coumarin is a natural compound abundant in plant-based foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, vegetables and green tea. Although coumarin has been reported to exhibit anti-coagulant, anti-inflammation and cholesterol-lowering properties, the effect of coumarin on hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of coumarin to protect against hepatic steatosis associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and investigated potential mechanisms underlying this effect. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, HFD and HFD containing 0·05 % courmarin for 8 weeks. The present results showed that coumarin reduced weight gain and abdominal fat mass in mice fed the HFD for 8 weeks (P< 0·05). Coumarin also significantly reduced the HFD-induced elevation in total cholesterol, apoB, leptin and insulin (P< 0·05). In the liver of HFD-fed mice, coumarin significantly reduced total lipids, TAG and cholesterol (38, 22 and 9 % reductions, respectively; P< 0·05), as well as lipid droplet number and size. Additionally, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels, as an indicator of hepatic steatosis, were attenuated by coumarin (P< 0·05). Finally, coumarin suppressed the HFD-induced up-regulation in fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity, and the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, PPARγ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α in the liver. Taken together, these results demonstrate that coumarin could prevent HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating lipogenic gene expression, suggesting potential targets for preventing hepatic steatosis.
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Vlaic S, Schmidt-Heck W, Matz-Soja M, Marbach E, Linde J, Meyer-Baese A, Zellmer S, Guthke R, Gebhardt R. The extended TILAR approach: a novel tool for dynamic modeling of the transcription factor network regulating the adaption to in vitro cultivation of murine hepatocytes. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23190768 PMCID: PMC3573979 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network inference is an important tool to reveal the underlying interactions of biological systems. In the liver, a complex system of transcription factors is active to distribute signals and induce the cellular response following extracellular stimuli. Plenty of information is available about single transcription factors important for the different functions of the liver, but little is known about their causal relations to each other. RESULTS Given a DNA microarray time series dataset of collagen monolayers cultured murine hepatocytes, we identified 22 differentially expressed genes for which the corresponding protein is known to exhibit transcription factor activity. We developed the Extended TILAR (ExTILAR) network inference algorithm based on the modeling concept of the previously published TILAR algorithm. Using ExTILAR, we inferred a transcription factor network based on gene expression data which puts these important genes into a functional context. This way, we identified a previously unknown relationship between Tgif1 and Atf3 which we validated experimentally. Beside its known role in metabolic processes, this extends the knowledge about Tgif1 in hepatocytes towards a possible influence of processes such as proliferation and cell cycle. Moreover, two positive (i.e. double negative) regulatory loops were predicted that could give rise to bistable behavior. We further evaluated the performance of ExTILAR by systematic inference of an in silico network. CONCLUSIONS We present the ExTILAR algorithm, which combines the advantages of the regression based inference algorithm TILAR, like large network sizes processable and low computational costs, with the advantages of dynamic network models based on ordinary differential equation (i.e. in silico knock-down simulations). Like TILAR, ExTILAR makes use of various prior-knowledge types such as transcription factor binding site information and gene interaction knowledge to infer biologically meaningful gene regulatory networks. Therefore, ExTILAR is especially useful when a large number of genes is modeled using a small number of experimental data points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vlaic
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Vig S, Pandey AK, Verma G, Datta M. C/EBPα mediates the transcriptional suppression of human calreticulin gene expression by TNFα. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kim Y, Choi Y, Park T. Hepatoprotective effect of oleuropein in mice: Mechanisms uncovered by gene expression profiling. Biotechnol J 2010; 5:950-60. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Graham RM, Chua ACG, Carter KW, Delima RD, Johnstone D, Herbison CE, Firth MJ, O'Leary R, Milward EA, Olynyk JK, Trinder D. Hepatic iron loading in mice increases cholesterol biosynthesis. Hepatology 2010; 52:462-71. [PMID: 20683946 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Iron and cholesterol are both essential metabolites in mammalian systems, and too much or too little of either can have serious clinical consequences. In addition, both have been associated with steatosis and its progression, contributing, inter alia, to an increase in hepatic oxidative stress. The interaction between iron and cholesterol is unclear, with no consistent evidence emerging with respect to changes in plasma cholesterol on the basis of iron status. We sought to clarify the role of iron in lipid metabolism by studying the effects of iron status on hepatic cholesterol synthesis in mice with differing iron status. Transcripts of seven enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated with increasing hepatic iron (R(2) between 0.602 and 0.164), including those of the rate-limiting enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr; R(2) = 0.362, P < 0.002). Hepatic cholesterol content correlated positively with hepatic iron (R(2) = 0.255, P < 0.007). There was no significant relationship between plasma cholesterol and either hepatic cholesterol or iron (R(2) = 0.101 and 0.014, respectively). Hepatic iron did not correlate with a number of known regulators of cholesterol synthesis, including sterol-regulatory element binding factor 2 (Srebf2; R(2) = 0.015), suggesting that the increases seen in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway are independent of Srebf2. Transcripts of genes involved in bile acid synthesis, transport, or regulation did not increase with increasing hepatic iron. CONCLUSION This study suggests that hepatic iron loading increases liver cholesterol synthesis and provides a new and potentially important additional mechanism by which iron could contribute to the development of fatty liver disease or lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Graham
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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