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Kim HY, Jang HJ, Muthamil S, Shin UC, Lyu JH, Kim SW, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Novel insights into regulators and functional modulators of adipogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117073. [PMID: 38981239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process that differentiates new adipocytes from precursor cells and is tightly regulated by several factors, including many transcription factors and various post-translational modifications. Recently, new roles of adipogenesis have been suggested in various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms and functional modulation of these adipogenic genes remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the regulatory factors and modulators of adipogenesis and discusses future research directions to identify novel mechanisms regulating adipogenesis and the effects of adipogenic regulators in pathological conditions. The master adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα were identified along with other crucial regulatory factors such as SREBP, Kroxs, STAT5, Wnt, FOXO1, SWI/SNF, KLFs, and PARPs. These transcriptional factors regulate adipogenesis through specific mechanisms, depending on the adipogenic stage. However, further studies related to the in vivo role of newly discovered adipogenic regulators and their function in various diseases are needed to develop new potent therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Wook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Hao W, Jialong Z, Jiuzhi Y, Yang Y, Chongning L, Jincai L. ADP-ribosylation, a multifaceted modification: Functions and mechanisms in aging and aging-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102347. [PMID: 38815933 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aging, a complex biological process, plays key roles the development of multiple disorders referred as aging-related diseases involving cardiovascular diseases, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, lipid metabolism-related diseases. ADP-ribosylation is a reversible modification onto proteins and nucleic acids to alter their structures and/or functions. Growing evidence support the importance of ADP-ribosylation and ADP-ribosylation-associated enzymes in aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we summarized ADP-ribosylation-associated proteins including ADP-ribosyl transferases, the ADP-ribosyl hydrolyses and ADP-ribose binding domains. Furthermore, we outlined the latest knowledge about regulation of ADP-ribosylation in the pathogenesis and progression of main aging-related diseases, organism aging and cellular senescence, and we also speculated the underlying mechanisms to better disclose this novel molecular network. Moreover, we discussed current issues and provided an outlook for future research, aiming to revealing the unknown bio-properties of ADP-ribosylation, and establishing a novel therapeutic perspective in aging-related diseases and health aging via targeting ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Jialong
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Jiuzhi
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lv Chongning
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Jincai
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Resources Conservation and Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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Vakayil M, Madani AY, Agha MV, Majeed Y, Hayat S, Yonuskunju S, Mohamoud YA, Malek J, Suhre K, Mazloum NA. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF1 promotes adipogenesis and limits fibrosis by suppressing GPNMB-mediated TGF-β signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11886. [PMID: 38789534 PMCID: PMC11126700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin-ligase UHRF1 is an epigenetic regulator coordinating DNA methylation and histone modifications. However, little is known about how it regulates adipogenesis or metabolism. In this study, we discovered that UHRF1 is a key regulatory factor for adipogenesis, and we identified the altered molecular pathways that UHRF1 targets. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout strategies, we discovered the whole transcriptomic changes upon UHRF1 deletion. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that key adipogenesis regulators such PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α were suppressed, whereas TGF-β signaling and fibrosis markers were upregulated in UHRF1-depleted differentiating adipocytes. Furthermore, UHRF1-depleted cells showed upregulated expression and secretion of TGF-β1, as well as the glycoprotein GPNMB. Treating differentiating preadipocytes with recombinant GPNMB led to an increase in TGF-β protein and secretion levels, which was accompanied by an increase in secretion of fibrosis markers such as MMP13 and a reduction in adipogenic conversion potential. Conversely, UHRF1 overexpression studies in human cells demonstrated downregulated levels of GPNMB and TGF-β, and enhanced adipogenic potential. In conclusion, our data show that UHRF1 positively regulates 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and limits fibrosis by suppressing GPNMB and TGF-β signaling cascade, highlighting the potential relevance of UHRF1 and its targets to the clinical management of obesity and linked metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Vakayil
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Y Madani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha V Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Majeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahina Hayat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shameem Yonuskunju
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin Ali Mohamoud
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joel Malek
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nayef A Mazloum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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Olthof MGL, Hasler A, Valdivieso P, Flück M, Gerber C, Gehrke R, Klein K, von Rechenberg B, Snedeker JG, Wieser K. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases-Inhibitor Talazoparib Inhibits Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration in a Tendon Release Infraspinatus Sheep Model: A Pilot Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:187. [PMID: 38668315 PMCID: PMC11051840 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural muscle changes, including muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration, follow rotator cuff tendon tear and are associated with a high repair failure rate. Despite extensive research efforts, no pharmacological therapy is available to successfully prevent both muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration after tenotomy of tendomuscular unit without surgical repair. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are identified as a key transcription factors involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. PARP inhibitors have been shown to influence muscle degeneration, including mitochondrial hemostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic activity, and reduced degenerative changes in a knockout mouse model. Tenotomized infraspinatus were assessed for muscle degeneration for 16 weeks using a Swiss Alpine sheep model (n = 6). All sheep received daily oral administration of 0.5 mg Talazoparib. Due to animal ethics, the treatment group was compared with three different controls from prior studies of our institution. To mitigate potential batch heterogeneity, PARP-I was evaluated in comparison with three distinct control groups (n = 6 per control group) using the same protocol without treatment. The control sheep were treated with an identical study protocol without Talazoparib treatment. Muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration were evaluated at 0, 6 and 16 weeks post-tenotomy using DIXON-MRI. The controls and PARP-I showed a significant (control p < 0.001, PARP-I p = 0.01) decrease in muscle volume after 6 weeks. However, significantly less (p = 0.01) atrophy was observed in PARP-I after 6 weeks (control 1: 76.6 ± 8.7%; control 2: 80.3 ± 9.3%, control 3: 73.8 ± 6.7% vs. PARP-I: 90.8 ± 5.1% of the original volume) and 16 weeks (control 1: 75.7 ± 9.9; control 2: 74.2 ± 5.6%; control 3: 75.3 ± 7.4% vs. PARP-I 93.3 ± 10.6% of the original volume). All experimental groups exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) augmentation in fatty infiltration following a 16-week period when compared to the initial timepoint. However, the PARP-I showed significantly less fatty infiltration (p < 0.003) compared to all controls (control 1: 55.6 ± 6.7%, control 2: 53.4 ± 9.4%, control 3: 52.0 ± 12.8% vs. PARP-I: 33.5 ± 8.4%). Finally, a significantly (p < 0.04) higher proportion and size of fast myosin heavy chain-II fiber type was observed in the treatment group. This study shows that PARP-inhibition with Talazoparib inhibits the progression of both muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration over 16 weeks in retracted sheep musculotendinous units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits G. L. Olthof
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Anita Hasler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist Campus, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Christian Gerber
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Rieke Gehrke
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Karina Klein
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (R.G.); (K.K.); (B.v.R.)
| | - Jess G. Snedeker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37/39, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.H.); (C.G.); (J.G.S.); (K.W.)
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Zhu M, Li H, Zheng Y, Yang J. Targeting TOP2B as a vulnerability in aging and aging-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167044. [PMID: 38296114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing trend of rapid aging of the global population has unavoidably resulted in an increase in aging-related diseases. There is an immense amount of interest in the scientific community for the identification of molecular targets that may effectively mitigate the process of aging and aging-related diseases. The enzyme Topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) plays a crucial role in resolving the topological challenges that occur during DNA-related processes. It is believed that the disruption of TOP2B function contributes to the aging of cells and tissues, as well as the development of age-related diseases. Consequently, targeting TOP2B appears to be a promising approach for interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of aging. This review focuses on recent advancements in the understanding of the role of TOP2B in the processing of aging and aging-related disorders, thus providing a novel avenue for the development of anti-aging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhu
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Santinelli-Pestana DV, Aikawa E, Singh SA, Aikawa M. PARPs and ADP-Ribosylation in Chronic Inflammation: A Focus on Macrophages. Pathogens 2023; 12:964. [PMID: 37513811 PMCID: PMC10386340 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADP)-ribosylation of proteins and nucleic acids is associated with multiple disease processes such as infections and chronic inflammatory diseases. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)/ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) family members promote mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. Although evidence has linked PARPs/ARTs and macrophages in the context of chronic inflammation, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This review provides an overview of literature focusing on the roles of PARP1/ARTD1, PARP7/ARTD14, PARP9/ARTD9, and PARP14/ARTD8 in macrophages. PARPs/ARTs regulate changes in macrophages during chronic inflammatory processes not only via catalytic modifications but also via non-catalytic mechanisms. Untangling complex mechanisms, by which PARPs/ARTs modulate macrophage phenotype, and providing molecular bases for the development of new therapeutics require the development and implementation of innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego V. Santinelli-Pestana
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.V.S.-P.); (E.A.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.V.S.-P.); (E.A.); (S.A.S.)
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.V.S.-P.); (E.A.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.V.S.-P.); (E.A.); (S.A.S.)
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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7
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Hu F, Li C, Ye Y, Lu X, Alimujiang M, Bai N, Sun J, Ma X, Li X, Yang Y. PARP12 is required for mitochondrial function maintenance in thermogenic adipocytes. Adipocyte 2022; 11:379-388. [PMID: 35916471 PMCID: PMC9351573 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP12 is a member of poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARPs), which has been characterized for its antiviral function. Yet its physiological implication in adipocytes remains unknown. Here, we report a central function of PARP12 in thermogenic adipocytes. We show that PARP12 is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue and is mainly localized to the mitochondria. Knockdown of PARP12 in vitro reduced UCP1 expression. In parallel, the deficiency of PARP12 reduced mitochondrial respiration in adipocytes, while overexpression of PARP12 reversed these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafen Ye
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Xuhong Lu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Miriayi Alimujiang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Ningning Bai
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
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Cruciani S, Garroni G, Pala R, Coradduzza D, Cossu ML, Ginesu GC, Capobianco G, Dessole S, Ventura C, Maioli M. Metformin and vitamin D modulate adipose-derived stem cell differentiation towards the beige phenotype. Adipocyte 2022; 11:356-365. [PMID: 35734882 PMCID: PMC9235891 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2085417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent an ideal stem cell population for regenerative medicine. ADSC adipogenic differentiation is controlled by the activation of a specific transcriptional program, including epigenetic factors and key adipogenic genes. Under certain conditioned media, ADSCs can differentiate into several phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that bioactive molecules could counteract lipid accumulation and regulate adipogenesis, acting on inflammation and vitamin D metabolism. In the present paper, we aimed at evaluating the effect of metformin and vitamin D in targeting ADSC differentiation towards an intermediate phenotype, as beige adipocytes. We exposed ADSCs to different conditioned media and then we evaluated the levels of expression of main markers of adipogenesis, aP2, LPL and ACOT2. We also analysed the gene and protein expression of thermogenic UCP1 protein, and the expression of PARP1 and the beige specific marker TMEM26. Our results showed a novel effect of metformin and vitamin D not only in inhibiting adipogenesis, but also in inducing a specific ‘brown-like’ phenotype. These findings pave the way for their possible application in the control of de novo lipogenesis useful for the prevention of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Garroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Renzo Pala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Laura Cossu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlo Ginesu
- General Surgery Unit 2 "Clinica Chirurgica" Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences Department, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giampiero Capobianco
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Dessole
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems - Eldor Lab, Innovation Accelerator, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming (CEDEBIOR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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9
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Zhang X, Huo X, Guo H, Xue L. Combined inhibition of PARP and EZH2 for cancer treatment: Current status, opportunities, and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965244. [PMID: 36263120 PMCID: PMC9574044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors with BRCA1/2 mutations or homologous recombination repair defects are sensitive to PARP inhibitors through the mechanism of synthetic lethality. Several PARP inhibitors are currently approved for ovarian, breast and pancreatic cancer in clinical practice. However, more than 40% of patients with BRCA1/2 mutations are insensitive to PARP inhibitors, which has aroused attention to the mechanism of PARP resistance and sensitization schemes. PARP inhibitor resistance is related to homologous recombination repair, stability of DNA replication forks, PARylation and epigenetic modification. Studies on epigenetics have become the hotspots of research on PARP inhibitor resistance. As an important epigenetic regulator of transcription mediated by histone methylation, EZH2 interacts with PARP through DNA homologous recombination, DNA replication, posttranslational modification, tumor immunity and other aspects. EZH2 inhibitors have been just shifting from the bench to the bedside, but the combination scheme in cancer therapy has not been fully explored yet. Recently, a revolutionary drug design combining PARP inhibitors and EZH2 inhibitors based on PROTAC techniques has shed light on the resolution of PARP inhibitor resistance. This review summarizes the interactions between EZH2 and PARP, suggests the potential PARP inhibitor sensitization effect of EZH2 inhibitors, and further discusses the potential populations that benefit from the combination of EZH2 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, China
| | - Xiao Huo
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, China
- *Correspondence: Lixiang Xue, ; Hongyan Guo,
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, China
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, China
- *Correspondence: Lixiang Xue, ; Hongyan Guo,
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Wang T, Zhang C, Li H, Zhou R, Ye X, Yang Y, He K. The underlying rationality of Chinese medicine herb pair Coptis chinensis and Dolomiaea souliei: From the perspective of metabolomics and intestinal function. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115065. [PMID: 35122977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The combination of Coptis chinensis (RC) and Dolomiaea souliei (VR) has long been used as a classic herb pair for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the rationality of evidence-based RC and VR combination was explored from the perspective of metabolism, gut microbiota and gastrointestinal function. RESULTS After 5 weeks treatment, VR extracts (700 mg/kg) and RC alkaloids (800 mg/kg) showed no toxic effect on mice. However, RC administration significantly decreased the body weight of mice. Gastric emptying, gastrointestinal motility function and the absorption of FITC dextran were retarded in the mice of RC group, taking RC along with low dose VR (RC-VRL) and high dose VR (RC-VRH) reversed the impaired gastrointestinal function caused by RC. RC administration significantly increased villus height/crypt depth value. Notably, VR administration increased the number of crypts in mice ileum and reduced villus height/crypt depth value in VR and RC combination group. RC treatment significantly increased the expression of occludin compared to NC group; RC-VRL treatment reversed this tendency. While, VR administration increased ZO1 expression by 99.4% compared to NC mice. As for gut microbiota, RC gavage decreased the gut microbiota diversity, but gut microbiota in VR group was similar to NC group, and VR and RC combination increased gut microbiota diversity. RC administration obviously increased the proportion of Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Escherichia coli, compared to NC mice. VR treatment increased the richness of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Parabacteroides distasonis. RC-VRL and RC-VRH treatment dose-dependently increased the richness of Rikenellaceae RC9, Lactobacillus, and decreased the abundance of Psychrobacter, Bacteroides and Ruminococcus in mice. Serum metabolomic analysis revealed that RC gavage significantly down regulated 76 metabolites and up regulated 31 metabolites. VR treatment significantly down regulated 30 metabolites and up regulated 12 metabolites. Weight loss caused by RC may attribute to the elevated methylxanthine level in mice. The potential adverse effects caused by high dose RC intake may partially alleviate by high serum contents of adenosine, inosine and urolithin A resulted from VR coadministration. CONCLUSION VR may alleviate RC caused "fluid retention" via normalizing gastrointestinal function, gut microbiota and modulating the perturbed metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Kai He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China.
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11
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Liu Q, Tang Q, Liao L, Li D, Zhu W, Zhao C. Translational therapy from preclinical animal models for muscle degeneration after rotator cuff injury. J Orthop Translat 2022; 35:13-22. [PMID: 35846726 PMCID: PMC9260436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rotator cuff tears are debilitating diseases which significantly affect patients’ quality of life and pose substantial financial burden to the society. The intraoperative reparability of injured tendon and postoperative probability of tendon retear are highly associated with the quality of torn muscles, specifically, the severity of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. Animal models that reproduce the characteristic muscle pathology after rotator cuff injury have been developed and used to provide insight into the underlying biology and pathophysiology. In this review, we briefly summarize the current information obtained from preclinical animal studies regarding the degenerative change of cuff muscle subsequent to tendon release and/or suprascapular nerve denervation. Importantly, we focus on the potential translational therapeutic targets or agents for the prevention or reversal of muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. While further studies are warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of novel therapies derived from these preclinical animal research, we believe that their clinical translation for the treatment of rotator cuff disorders is on the horizon. The Translational potential of this article Novel therapeutic strategies described in this review from preclinical animal studies hold a great translational potential for preventing or reversing rotator cuff muscle pathology, while further assessments on their safety and efficacy are warranted.
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12
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Porcuna J, Mínguez-Martínez J, Ricote M. The PPARα and PPARγ Epigenetic Landscape in Cancer and Immune and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910573. [PMID: 34638914 PMCID: PMC8508752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated nuclear receptors that play pivotal roles in nutrient sensing, metabolism, and lipid-related processes. Correct control of their target genes requires tight regulation of the expression of different PPAR isoforms in each tissue, and the dysregulation of PPAR-dependent transcriptional programs is linked to disorders, such as metabolic and immune diseases or cancer. Several PPAR regulators and PPAR-regulated factors are epigenetic effectors, including non-coding RNAs, epigenetic enzymes, histone modifiers, and DNA methyltransferases. In this review, we examine advances in PPARα and PPARγ-related epigenetic regulation in metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, immune disorders, such as sclerosis and lupus, and a variety of cancers, providing new insights into the possible therapeutic exploitation of PPAR epigenetic modulation.
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13
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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101117. [PMID: 34450194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.
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14
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Sjakste N, Riekstiņa U. DNA damage and repair in differentiation of stem cells and cells of connective cell lineages: A trigger or a complication? Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 33942598 PMCID: PMC8116775 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes literature data on the role of DNA breaks and DNA repair in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) and connective cell lineages. PSC, including embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), are rapidly dividing cells with highly active DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms to ensure the stability and integrity of the DNA. In PSCs, the most common DDR mechanism is error-free homologous recombination (HR) that is primarily active during the S phase of the cell cycle, whereas in quiescent, slow-dividing or non-dividing tissue progenitors and terminally differentiated cells, errorprone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism of the double-strand break (DSB) repair is dominating. Thus, it seems that reprogramming and differentiation induce DNA strand breaks in stem cells which itself may trigger the differentiation process. Somatic cell reprogramming to iPSCs is preceded by a transient increase of the DSBs induced presumably by the caspase-dependent DNase or reactive oxygen species. In general, pluripotent stem cells possess stronger DNA repair systems compared to differentiated cells. Nonetheless, during a prolonged cell culture propagation, DNA breaks can accumulate due to the DNA polymerase stalling. Consequently, the DNA damage might trigger the differentiation of stem cells or replicative senescence of somatic cells. The differentiation process per se is often accompanied by a decrease in the DNA repair capacity. Thus, the differentiation might be triggered by DNA breaks, alternatively, the breaks can be a consequence of the decay in the DNA repair capacity of differentiated cells.
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15
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Bisceglie L, Hopp AK, Gunasekera K, Wright RH, Le Dily F, Vidal E, Dall'Agnese A, Caputo L, Nicoletti C, Puri PL, Beato M, Hottiger MO. MyoD induces ARTD1 and nucleoplasmic poly-ADP-ribosylation during fibroblast to myoblast transdifferentiation. iScience 2021; 24:102432. [PMID: 33997706 PMCID: PMC8102911 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
While protein ADP-ribosylation was reported to regulate differentiation and dedifferentiation, it has so far not been studied during transdifferentiation. Here, we found that MyoD-induced transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myoblasts promotes the expression of the ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD1. Comprehensive analysis of the genome architecture by Hi-C and RNA-seq analysis during transdifferentiation indicated that ARTD1 locally contributed to A/B compartmentalization and coregulated a subset of MyoD target genes that were however not sufficient to alter transdifferentiation. Surprisingly, the expression of ARTD1 was accompanied by the continuous synthesis of nuclear ADP ribosylation that was neither dependent on the cell cycle nor induced by DNA damage. Conversely to the H2O2-induced ADP-ribosylation, the MyoD-dependent ADP-ribosylation was not associated to chromatin but rather localized to the nucleoplasm. Together, these data describe a MyoD-induced nucleoplasmic ADP-ribosylation that is observed particularly during transdifferentiation and thus potentially expands the plethora of cellular processes associated with ADP-ribosylation. MyoD-dependent transdifferentiation of IMR90 to myoblasts induces ARTD1 expression Transdifferentiation induces nuclear ARTD1-dependent ADP-ribosylation in myoblasts This ADP-ribosylation is induced independent of cell cycle and of DNA damage ARTD1-mediated poly-ADP-ribosylation localizes to the nucleoplasm in myoblasts
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Bisceglie
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Molecular Life Science PhD Program of the Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kapila Gunasekera
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roni H Wright
- Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Le Dily
- Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Vidal
- Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luca Caputo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Nicoletti
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miguel Beato
- Centre de Regulació Genomica (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Eleazer R, Fondufe‐Mittendorf YN. The multifaceted role of PARP1 in RNA biogenesis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1617. [PMID: 32656996 PMCID: PMC7856298 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are abundant nuclear proteins that synthesize ADP ribose polymers (pADPr) and catalyze the addition of (p)ADPr to target biomolecules. PARP1, the most abundant and well-studied PARP, is a multifunctional enzyme that participates in numerous critical cellular processes. A considerable amount of PARP research has focused on PARP1's role in DNA damage. However, an increasing body of evidence outlines more routine roles for PARP and PARylation in nearly every step of RNA biogenesis and metabolism. PARP1's involvement in these RNA processes is pleiotropic and has been ascribed to PARP1's unique flexible domain structures. PARP1 domains are modular self-arranged enabling it to recognize structurally diverse substrates and to act simultaneously through multiple discrete mechanisms. These mechanisms include direct PARP1-protein binding, PARP1-nucleic acid binding, covalent PARylation of target molecules, covalent autoPARylation, and induction of noncovalent interactions with PAR molecules. A combination of these mechanisms has been implicated in PARP1's context-specific regulation of RNA biogenesis and metabolism. We examine the mechanisms of PARP1 regulation in transcription initiation, elongation and termination, co-transcriptional splicing, RNA export, and post-transcriptional RNA processing. Finally, we consider promising new investigative avenues for PARP1 involvement in these processes with an emphasis on PARP1 regulation of subcellular condensates. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Eleazer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Yvonne N. Fondufe‐Mittendorf
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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17
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Circulating Adiponectin and Its Association with Metabolic Traits and Type 2 Diabetes: Gene-Diet Interactions Focusing on Selected Gene Variants and at the Genome-Wide Level in High-Cardiovascular Risk Mediterranean Subjects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020541. [PMID: 33562295 PMCID: PMC7914877 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is gaining renewed interest since, in addition to its possible protective role against insulin resistance and arteriosclerosis, recent studies suggest other additional favorable effects. However, the influence of gene-diet interactions on plasma adiponectin levels is still little understood. We analyzed the association between plasma adiponectin levels and various metabolic traits in a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, as well as the genetic effect of four candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and their interactions with the Mediterranean dietary pattern. Additionally, we explored, at the genome-wide level, the SNPs most associated with plasma adiponectin levels, as well as gene-diet interactions with the Mediterranean diet. In the 954 participants studied (aged 55-80 years), plasma adiponectin levels were strongly associated with plasma HDL-C concentrations (p = 6.6 × 10-36) and inversely related to triglycerides (p = 4.7 × 10-18), fasting glucose (p = 3.5 × 10-16) and type 2 diabetes (p = 1.4 × 10-7). Of the four pre-selected ADIPOQ candidate SNPs, the one most associated with plasma adiponectin was the -11391G > A (rs17300539) promoter SNP (p = 7.2 × 10-5, in the multivariable adjusted model). No significant interactions with the Mediterranean diet pattern were observed for these SNPs. Additionally, in the exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS), we found new SNPs associated with adiponectin concentrations at the suggestive genome-wide level (p < 1 × 10-5) for the whole population, including the lead SNP rs9738548 (intergenic) and rs11647294 in the VAT1L (Vesicle Amine Transport 1 Like) gene. We also found other promising SNPs on exploring different strata such as men, women, diabetics and non-diabetics (p = 3.5 × 10-8 for rs2850066). Similarly, we explored gene-Mediterranean diet interactions at the GWAS level and identified several SNPs with gene-diet interactions at p < 1 × 10-5. A remarkable gene-diet interaction was revealed for the rs2917570 SNP in the OPCML (Opioid Binding Protein/Cell Adhesion Molecule Like) gene, previously reported to be associated with adiponectin levels in some populations. Our results suggest that, in this high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population, and even though adiponectin is favorably associated with metabolic traits and lower type 2 diabetes, the gene variants more associated with adiponectin may be population-specific, and some suggestive gene-Mediterranean diet interactions were detected.
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18
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Abstract
PARP enzymes are increasingly taking on important roles beyond DNA repair. Huang et al. (2020b) report how the NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation of histone H2B by PARP-1 in complex with a metabolic enzyme suppresses the phosphorylation of an adjacent residue, impacting adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Margulies
- Biomedical Center, Department of Molecular Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Eisbach Bio GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Planegg, Germany.
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19
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Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1) restrains MyoD-dependent gene expression during muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15086. [PMID: 32934320 PMCID: PMC7493885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The myogenic factor MyoD regulates skeletal muscle differentiation by interacting with a variety of chromatin-modifying complexes. Although MyoD can induce and maintain chromatin accessibility at its target genes, its binding and trans-activation ability can be limited by some types of not fully characterized epigenetic constraints. In this work we analysed the role of PARP1 in regulating MyoD-dependent gene expression. PARP1 is a chromatin-associated enzyme, playing a well recognized role in DNA repair and that is implicated in transcriptional regulation. PARP1 affects gene expression through multiple mechanisms, often involving the Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of chromatin proteins. In line with PARP1 down-regulation during differentiation, we observed that PARP1 depletion boosts the up-regulation of MyoD targets, such as p57, myogenin, Mef2C and p21, while its re-expression reverts this effect. We also found that PARP1 interacts with some MyoD-binding regions and that its presence, independently of the enzymatic activity, interferes with MyoD recruitment and gene induction. We finally suggest a relationship between the binding of PARP1 and the loss of the activating histone modification H3K4me3 at MyoD-binding regions. This work highlights not only a novel player in the epigenetic control of myogenesis, but also a repressive and catalytic-independent mechanisms by which PARP1 regulates transcription.
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20
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Huang D, Camacho CV, Setlem R, Ryu KW, Parameswaran B, Gupta RK, Kraus WL. Functional Interplay between Histone H2B ADP-Ribosylation and Phosphorylation Controls Adipogenesis. Mol Cell 2020; 79:934-949.e14. [PMID: 32822587 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although ADP-ribosylation of histones by PARP-1 has been linked to genotoxic stress responses, its role in physiological processes and gene expression has remained elusive. We found that NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation of histone H2B-Glu35 by small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)-activated PARP-1 inhibits AMP kinase-mediated phosphorylation of adjacent H2B-Ser36, which is required for the proadipogenic gene expression program. The activity of PARP-1 on H2B requires NMNAT-1, a nuclear NAD+ synthase, which directs PARP-1 catalytic activity to Glu and Asp residues. ADP-ribosylation of Glu35 and the subsequent reduction of H2B-Ser36 phosphorylation inhibits the differentiation of adipocyte precursors in cultured cells. Parp1 knockout in preadipocytes in a mouse lineage-tracing genetic model increases adipogenesis, leading to obesity. Collectively, our results demonstrate a functional interplay between H2B-Glu35 ADP-ribosylation and H2B-Ser36 phosphorylation that controls adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Cristel V Camacho
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rohit Setlem
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Keun Woo Ryu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Balaji Parameswaran
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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21
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Wang C, Xiao J, Nowak K, Gunasekera K, Alippe Y, Speckman S, Yang T, Kress D, Abu-Amer Y, Hottiger MO, Mbalaviele G. PARP1 Hinders Histone H2B Occupancy at the NFATc1 Promoter to Restrain Osteoclast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:776-788. [PMID: 31793068 PMCID: PMC7465553 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Induction of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for macrophage differentiation into osteoclasts (OCs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The ability of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to poly-ADP-ribosylate NFATc1 in T cells prompted us to investigate the PARP1 and NFATc1 interaction during osteoclastogenesis. However, extensive studies failed to directly link PARP1 to NFATc1. A combination of transcriptomics and proteomics studies was then used to identify PARP1 targets under these conditions. These unbiased approaches in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that PARP1 inhibited NFATc1 expression and OC formation by ADP-ribosylating histone H2B at serine 7 and decreasing the occupancy of this histone variant at the NFATc1 promoter. The anti-osteoclastogenic function of PARP1 was confirmed in vivo in several mouse models of PARP1 loss-of-function or gain-of-function, including a novel model in which PARP1 was conditionally ablated in myeloid cells. Thus, PARP1 ADP-ribosylates H2B to negatively regulate NFATc1 expression and OC differentiation. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathrin Nowak
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kapila Gunasekera
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sheree Speckman
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tong Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dustin Kress
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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22
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The role of ADP-ribose metabolism in metabolic regulation, adipose tissue differentiation, and metabolism. Genes Dev 2020; 34:321-340. [PMID: 32029456 PMCID: PMC7050491 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334284.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Szanto et al. summarize the metabolic regulatory roles of PARP enzymes and their associated pathologies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs or ARTDs), originally described as DNA repair factors, have metabolic regulatory roles. PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals. PARP1 and PARP2 are crucial for adipocyte differentiation, including the commitment toward white, brown, or beige adipose tissue lineages, as well as the regulation of lipid accumulation. Through regulating adipocyte function and organismal energy balance, PARPs play a role in obesity and the consequences of obesity. These findings can be translated into humans, as evidenced by studies on identical twins and SNPs affecting PARP activity.
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Wang C, Mbalaviele G. Role of APD-Ribosylation in Bone Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101201. [PMID: 31590342 PMCID: PMC6829334 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose unit(s) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to acceptor proteins is known as ADP-ribosylation. This post-translational modification (PTM) unavoidably alters protein functions and signaling networks, thereby impacting cell behaviors and tissue outcomes. As a ubiquitous mechanism, ADP-ribosylation affects multiple tissues, including bones, as abnormal ADP-ribosylation compromises bone development and remodeling. In this review, we describe the effects of ADP-ribosylation in bone development and maintenance, and highlight the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Hopp AK, Grüter P, Hottiger MO. Regulation of Glucose Metabolism by NAD + and ADP-Ribosylation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080890. [PMID: 31412683 PMCID: PMC6721828 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells constantly adapt their metabolic pathways to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient availability. During the last two decades, it has become increasingly clear that NAD+, a coenzyme in redox reactions, also mediates several ubiquitous cell signaling processes. Protein ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification that uses NAD+ as a substrate and is best known as part of the genotoxic stress response. However, there is increasing evidence that NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation regulates other cellular processes, including metabolic pathways. In this review, we will describe the compartmentalized regulation of NAD+ biosynthesis, consumption, and regeneration with a particular focus on the role of ADP-ribosylation in the regulation of glucose metabolism in different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Grüter
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Hegedüs É, Kókai E, Nánási P, Imre L, Halász L, Jossé R, Antunovics Z, Webb MR, El Hage A, Pommier Y, Székvölgyi L, Dombrádi V, Szabó G. Endogenous single-strand DNA breaks at RNA polymerase II promoters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:10649-10668. [PMID: 30445637 PMCID: PMC6237785 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular combing and gel electrophoretic studies revealed endogenous nicks with free 3'OH ends at ∼100 kb intervals in the genomic DNA (gDNA) of unperturbed and G1-synchronized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Analysis of the distribution of endogenous nicks by Nick ChIP-chip indicated that these breaks accumulated at active RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) promoters, reminiscent of the promoter-proximal transient DNA breaks of higher eukaryotes. Similar periodicity of endogenous nicks was found within the ribosomal rDNA cluster, involving every ∼10th of the tandemly repeated 9.1 kb units of identical sequence. Nicks were mapped by Southern blotting to a few narrow regions within the affected units. Three of them were overlapping the RNAP II promoters, while the ARS-containing IGS2 region was spared of nicks. By using a highly sensitive reverse-Southwestern blot method to map free DNA ends with 3'OH, nicks were shown to be distinct from other known rDNA breaks and linked to the regulation of rDNA silencing. Nicks in rDNA and the rest of the genome were typically found at the ends of combed DNA molecules, occasionally together with R-loops, comprising a major pool of vulnerable sites that are connected with transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Hegedüs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Kókai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Nánási
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Imre
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Halász
- MTA-DE Momentum Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rozenn Jossé
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (CCR-NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zsuzsa Antunovics
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Aziz El Hage
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (CCR-NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lóránt Székvölgyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Momentum Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktor Dombrádi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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26
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Hurtado-Bagès S, Guberovic I, Buschbeck M. The MacroH2A1.1 - PARP1 Axis at the Intersection Between Stress Response and Metabolism. Front Genet 2018; 9:417. [PMID: 30356649 PMCID: PMC6189284 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exchange of replication-coupled canonical histones by histone variants endows chromatin with specific features. The replacement of the canonical H2A histone for the histone variant macroH2A is one of the most remarkable epigenetic modifications. The three vertebrate macroH2A proteins have a unique tripartite structure consisting of H2A-like domain, unstructured linker, and macrodomain. Macrodomains are ancient globular folds that are able to bind nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) derived metabolites. Here, we will briefly describe the physiological relevance of the metabolite binding in the context of chromatin. In particular, we will focus on the macroH2A1.1 isoform that binds ADP-ribose and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) enzyme, a cellular stress sensor. We will discuss the impact of this interaction in the context of cancer, senescence, cell stress and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hurtado-Bagès
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iva Guberovic
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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27
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Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)10 is a PARP family member that performs mono-ADP-ribosylation of target proteins. Recent studies have linked PARP10 to metabolic processes and metabolic regulators that prompted us to assess whether PARP10 influences mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. The depletion of PARP10 by specific shRNAs increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity in cellular models of breast, cervical, colorectal and exocrine pancreas cancer. Upon silencing of PARP10, mitochondrial superoxide production decreased in line with increased expression of antioxidant genes pointing out lower oxidative stress upon PARP10 silencing. Improved mitochondrial oxidative capacity coincided with increased AMPK activation. The silencing of PARP10 in MCF7 and CaCo2 cells decreased the proliferation rate that correlated with increased expression of anti-Warburg enzymes (Foxo1, PGC-1α, IDH2 and fumarase). By analyzing an online database we showed that lower PARP10 expression increases survival in gastric cancer. Furthermore, PARP10 expression decreased upon fasting, a condition that is characterized by increases in mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, lower PARP10 expression is associated with increased fatty acid oxidation.
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PARP-1 Controls the Adipogenic Transcriptional Program by PARylating C/EBPβ and Modulating Its Transcriptional Activity. Mol Cell 2017; 65:260-271. [PMID: 28107648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification of proteins mediated by PARP family members, such as PARP-1. Although PARylation has been studied extensively, few examples of definitive biological roles for site-specific PARylation have been reported. Here we show that C/EBPβ, a key pro-adipogenic transcription factor, is PARylated by PARP-1 on three amino acids in a conserved regulatory domain. PARylation at these sites inhibits C/EBPβ's DNA binding and transcriptional activities and attenuates adipogenesis in various genetic and cell-based models. Interestingly, PARP-1 catalytic activity drops precipitously during the first 48 hr of differentiation, corresponding to a release of C/EBPβ from PARylation-mediated inhibition. This promotes the binding of C/EBPβ at enhancers controlling the expression of adipogenic target genes and continued differentiation. Depletion or chemical inhibition of PARP-1, or mutation of the PARylation sites on C/EBPβ, enhances these early adipogenic events. Collectively, our results provide a clear example of how site-specific PARylation drives biological outcomes.
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29
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Jackson RM, Griesel BA, Gurley JM, Szweda LI, Olson AL. Glucose availability controls adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes via up-regulation of nicotinamide metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18556-18564. [PMID: 28916720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.791970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of adipose tissue in response to a positive energy balance underlies obesity and occurs through both hypertrophy of existing cells and increased differentiation of adipocyte precursors (hyperplasia). To better understand the nutrient signals that promote adipocyte differentiation, we investigated the role of glucose availability in regulating adipocyte differentiation and maturation. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were grown and differentiated in medium containing a standard differentiation hormone mixture and either 4 or 25 mm glucose. Adipocyte maturation at day 9 post-differentiation was determined by key adipocyte markers, including glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and adiponectin expression and Oil Red O staining of neutral lipids. We found that adipocyte differentiation and maturation required a pulse of 25 mm glucose only during the first 3 days of differentiation. Importantly, fatty acids were unable to substitute for the 25 mm glucose pulse during this period. The 25 mm glucose pulse increased adiponectin and GLUT4 expression and accumulation of neutral lipids via distinct mechanisms. Adiponectin expression and other early markers of differentiation required an increase in the intracellular pool of total NAD/P. In contrast, GLUT4 protein expression was only partially restored by increased NAD/P levels. Furthermore, GLUT4 mRNA expression was mediated by glucose-dependent activation of GLUT4 gene transcription through the cis-acting GLUT4-liver X receptor element (LXRE) promoter element. In summary, this study supports the conclusion that high glucose promotes adipocyte differentiation via distinct metabolic pathways and independently of fatty acids. This may partly explain the mechanism underlying adipocyte hyperplasia that occurs much later than adipocyte hypertrophy in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Jackson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104 and
| | - Beth A Griesel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104 and
| | - Jami M Gurley
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104 and
| | - Luke I Szweda
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104 and.,the Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Ann Louise Olson
- the Program in Aging and Metabolism, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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30
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Kuenzler MB, Nuss K, Karol A, Schär MO, Hottiger M, Raniga S, Kenkel D, von Rechenberg B, Zumstein MA. Neer Award 2016: reduced muscle degeneration and decreased fatty infiltration after rotator cuff tear in a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) knock-out mouse model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:733-744. [PMID: 28131694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed muscular architecture, atrophy, and fatty infiltration remain irreversible in chronic rotator cuff tears even after repair. Poly (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a key regulator of inflammation, apoptosis, muscle atrophy, muscle regeneration, and adipocyte development. We hypothesized that the absence of PARP-1 would lead to a reduction in damage to the muscle subsequent to combined tenotomy and neurectomy in a PARP-1 knockout (KO) mouse model. METHODS PARP-1 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 (WT group) mice were analyzed at 1, 6, and 12 weeks (total n = 84). In all mice, the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles of the left shoulder were detached and denervated. Macroscopic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and histology were used to assess the differences in PARP-1 KO and WT mice. RESULTS The muscles in the PARP-1 KO group had significantly less retraction, atrophy, and fatty infiltration after 12 weeks than in the WT group. Gene expression of inflammatory, apoptotic, adipogenic, and muscular atrophy genes was significantly decreased in PARP-1 KO mice in the first 6 weeks. DISCUSSION Absence of PARP-1 leads to a reduction in muscular architectural damage, early inflammation, apoptosis, atrophy, and fatty infiltration after combined tenotomy and neurectomy of the rotator cuff muscle. Although the macroscopic reaction to injury is similar in the first 6 weeks, the ability of the muscles to regenerate was much greater in the PARP-1 KO group, leading to a near-normalization of the muscle after 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Kuenzler
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katja Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Karol
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Schär
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sumit Raniga
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Kenkel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias A Zumstein
- Shoulder, Elbow and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Shoulder & Elbow Unit, SportsClinic #1 AG, Bern, Switzerland.
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31
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Gani AR, Singh M, Dwivedi M, Begum R. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1: Beyond transcription and towards differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 63:167-179. [PMID: 27476447 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulation mediates the processes of cellular development and differentiation leading to the origin of different cell types each having their own signature gene expression profile. However, the compact chromatin structure and the timely recruitment of molecules involved in various signaling pathways are of prime importance for temporal and spatial gene regulation that eventually contribute towards cell type and specificity. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a 116-kDa nuclear multitasking protein is involved in modulation of chromatin condensation leading to altered gene expression. In response to activation signals, it adds ADP-ribose units to various target proteins including itself, thus regulating various key cellular processes like DNA repair, cell death, transcription, mRNA splicing etc. This review provides insights into the role of PARP-1 in gene regulation, cell differentiation and multicellular morphogenesis. In addition, the review also explores involvement of PARP-1 in immune cells development and therapeutic possibilities to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Amina Rafath Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India; C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
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Jokinen R, Pirnes-Karhu S, Pietiläinen KH, Pirinen E. Adipose tissue NAD +-homeostasis, sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases -important players in mitochondrial metabolism and metabolic health. Redox Biol 2017; 12:246-263. [PMID: 28279944 PMCID: PMC5343002 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic state of energy overload, is characterized by adipose tissue dysfunction that is considered to be the major driver for obesity associated metabolic complications. The reasons for adipose tissue dysfunction are incompletely understood, but one potential contributing factor is adipose tissue mitochondrial dysfunction. Derangements of adipose tissue mitochondrial biogenesis and pathways associate with obesity and metabolic diseases. Mitochondria are central organelles in energy metabolism through their role in energy derivation through catabolic oxidative reactions. The mitochondrial processes are dependent on the proper NAD+/NADH redox balance and NAD+ is essential for reactions catalyzed by the key regulators of mitochondrial metabolism, sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Notably, obesity is associated with disturbed adipose tissue NAD+ homeostasis and the balance of SIRT and PARP activities. In this review we aim to summarize existing literature on the maintenance of intracellular NAD+ pools and the function of SIRTs and PARPs in adipose tissue during normal and obese conditions, with the purpose of comprehending their potential role in mitochondrial derangements and obesity associated metabolic complications. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are the root cause of the adipose tissue mitochondrial derangements is crucial for developing new effective strategies to reverse obesity associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Pirnes-Karhu
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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33
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Mansour HH, El kiki SM, Galal SM. Metformin and low dose radiation modulates cisplatin-induced oxidative injury in rat via PPAR-γ and MAPK pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 616:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Bilan V, Leutert M, Nanni P, Panse C, Hottiger MO. Combining Higher-Energy Collision Dissociation and Electron-Transfer/Higher-Energy Collision Dissociation Fragmentation in a Product-Dependent Manner Confidently Assigns Proteomewide ADP-Ribose Acceptor Sites. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1523-1530. [PMID: 28035797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a physiologically and pathologically important post-translational modification. Recent technological advances have improved analysis of this complex modification and have led to the discovery of hundreds of ADP-ribosylated proteins in both cultured cells and mouse tissues. Nevertheless, accurate assignment of the ADP-ribose acceptor site(s) within the modified proteins identified has remained a challenging task. This is mainly due to poor fragmentation of modified peptides. Here, using an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer, we present an optimized methodology that not only drastically improves the overall localization scores for ADP-ribosylation acceptor sites but also boosts ADP-ribosylated peptide identifications. First, we systematically compared the efficacy of higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD), electron-transfer dissociation with supplemental collisional activation (ETcaD), and electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) fragmentation methods when determining ADP-ribose acceptor sites within complex cellular samples. We then tested the combination of HCD and EThcD fragmentation, which were employed in a product-dependent manner, and the unique fragmentation properties of the ADP-ribose moiety were used to trigger targeted fragmentation of only the modified peptides. The best results were obtained with a workflow that included initial fast, high-energy HCD (Orbitrap, FT) scans, which produced intense ADP-ribose fragmentation ions. These potentially ADP-ribosylated precursors were then selected and analyzed via subsequent high-resolution HCD and EThcD fragmentation. Using these resulting high-quality spectra, we identified a xxxxxxKSxxxxx modification motif where lysine can serve as an ADP-ribose acceptor site. Due to the appearance of serine within this motif and its close presence to the lysine, further analysis revealed that serine serves as a new ADP-ribose acceptor site across the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bilan
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Leutert
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Ph.D. Program in Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Panse
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Vida A, Márton J, Mikó E, Bai P. Metabolic roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:135-143. [PMID: 28013023 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is an evolutionarily conserved reaction that had been associated with numerous cellular processes such as DNA repair, protein turnover, inflammatory regulation, aging or metabolic regulation. The metabolic regulatory tasks of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are complex, it is based on the regulation of metabolic transcription factors (e.g. SIRT1, nuclear receptors, SREBPs) and certain cellular energy sensors. PARP over-activation can cause damage to mitochondrial terminal oxidation, while the inhibition of PARP-1 or PARP-2 can induce mitochondrial oxidation by enhancing the mitotropic tone of gene transcription and signal transduction. These PARP-mediated processes impact on higher order metabolic regulation that modulates lipid metabolism, circadian oscillations and insulin secretion and signaling. PARP-1, PARP-2 and PARP-7 are related to metabolic diseases such as diabetes, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD, NAFLD), or on a broader perspective to Warburg metabolism in cancer or the metabolic diseases accompanying aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Vida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Judit Márton
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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36
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Ciccarone F, Zampieri M, Caiafa P. PARP1 orchestrates epigenetic events setting up chromatin domains. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:123-134. [PMID: 27908606 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic events include reversible modifications of DNA and histone tails driving chromatin organization and thus transcription. The epigenetic regulation is a highly integrated process underlying the plasticity of the genomic information both in the context of complex physiological and pathological processes. The global regulatory aspects of epigenetic events are largely unknown. PARylation and PARP1 are recently emerging as multi-level regulatory effectors that modulate the topology of chromatin by orchestrating very different processes. This review focuses in particular on the role of PARP1 in epigenetics, trying to build a comprehensive perspective of its involvement in the regulation of epigenetic modifications of histones and DNA, contextualizing it in the global organization of chromatin domains in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ciccarone
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Caiafa
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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37
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Jacobsen RG, Mazloumi Gavgani F, Mellgren G, Lewis AE. DNA Topoisomerase IIα contributes to the early steps of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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38
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Abplanalp J, Hottiger MO. Cell fate regulation by chromatin ADP-ribosylation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:114-122. [PMID: 27693398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an evolutionarily conserved complex posttranslational modification that alters protein function and/or interaction. Intracellularly, it is mainly catalyzed by diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs), which attach one or several ADP-ribose residues onto target proteins. Several specific mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation binding modules exist; hydrolases reverse the modification. The best-characterized ARTD family member, ARTD1, regulates various DNA-associated processes. Here, we focus on the role of ARTD1-mediated chromatin ADP-ribosylation in development, differentiation, and pluripotency, and the recent development of new methodologies that will enable more insight into these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Abplanalp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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39
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Ali SO, Khan FA, Galindo-Campos MA, Yélamos J. Understanding specific functions of PARP-2: new lessons for cancer therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1842-1863. [PMID: 27725894 PMCID: PMC5043098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a widespread and highly conserved post-translational modification catalysed by a large family of enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). PARylation plays an essential role in various cardinal processes of cellular physiology and recent approvals and breakthrough therapy designations for PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy have sparked great interest in pharmacological targeting of PARP proteins. Although, many PARP inhibitors have been developed, existing compounds display promiscuous inhibition across the PARP superfamily which could lead to unwanted off-target effects. Thus the prospect of isoform-selective inhibition is being increasingly explored and research is now focusing on understanding specific roles of PARP family members. PARP-2, alongside PARP-1 and PARP-3 are the only known DNA damage-dependent PARPs and play critical roles in the DNA damage response, DNA metabolism and chromatin architecture. However, growing evidence shows that PARP-2 plays specific and diverse regulatory roles in cellular physiology, ranging from genomic stability and epigenetics to proliferative signalling and inflammation. The emerging network of PARP-2 target proteins has uncovered wide-ranging functions of the molecule in many cellular processes commonly dysregulated in carcinogenesis. Here, we review novel PARP-2-specific functions in the hallmarks of cancer and consider the implications for the development of isoform-selective inhibitors in chemotherapy. By considering the roles of PARP-2 through the lens of tumorigenesis, we propose PARP-2-selective inhibition as a potentially multipronged attack on cancer physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed O Ali
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Farhaan A Khan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Miguel A Galindo-Campos
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM)Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Yélamos
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM)Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERehdSpain
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40
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The adaptor protein alpha-syntrophin regulates adipocyte lipid droplet growth. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Jubin T, Kadam A, Jariwala M, Bhatt S, Sutariya S, Gani AR, Gautam S, Begum R. The PARP family: insights into functional aspects of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cell growth and survival. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:421-37. [PMID: 27329285 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP family members can be found spread across all domains and continue to be essential molecules from lower to higher eukaryotes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), newly termed ADP-ribosyltransferase D-type 1 (ARTD1), is a ubiquitously expressed ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) enzyme involved in key cellular processes such as DNA repair and cell death. This review assesses current developments in PARP-1 biology and activation signals for PARP-1, other than conventional DNA damage activation. Moreover, many essential functions of PARP-1 still remain elusive. PARP-1 is found to be involved in a myriad of cellular events via conservation of genomic integrity, chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation. This article briefly focuses on its other equally important overlooked functions during growth, metabolic regulation, spermatogenesis, embryogenesis, epigenetics and differentiation. Understanding the role of PARP-1, its multidimensional regulatory mechanisms in the cell and its dysregulation resulting in diseased states, will help in harnessing its true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - M Jariwala
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Sutariya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A R Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - S Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Pachón-Peña G, Serena C, Ejarque M, Petriz J, Duran X, Oliva-Olivera W, Simó R, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Obesity Determines the Immunophenotypic Profile and Functional Characteristics of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:464-75. [PMID: 26956208 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adipose tissue is a major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which possess a variety of properties that make them ideal candidates for regenerative and immunomodulatory therapies. Here, we compared the immunophenotypic profile of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) from lean and obese individuals, and explored its relationship with the apparent altered plasticity of hASCs. We also hypothesized that persistent hypoxia treatment of cultured hASCs may be necessary but not sufficient to drive significant changes in mature adipocytes. hASCs were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy, adult, female donors undergoing abdominal plastic surgery: lean (n=8; body mass index [BMI]: 23±1 kg/m2) and obese (n=8; BMI: 35±5 kg/m2). Cell surface marker expression, proliferation and migration capacity, and adipogenic differentiation potential of cultured hASCs at two different oxygen conditions were studied. Compared with lean-derived hASCs, obese-derived hASCs demonstrated increased proliferation and migration capacity but decreased lipid droplet accumulation, correlating with a higher expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II and cluster of differentiation (CD) 106 and lower expression of CD29. Of interest, adipogenic differentiation modified CD106, CD49b, HLA-ABC surface protein expression, which was dependent on the donor's BMI. Additionally, low oxygen tension increased proliferation and migration of lean but not obese hASCs, which correlated with an altered CD36 and CD49b immunophenotypic profile. In summary, the differences observed in proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity in obese hASCs occurred in parallel with changes in cell surface markers, both under basal conditions and during differentiation. Therefore, obesity is an important determinant of stem cell function independent of oxygen tension. SIGNIFICANCE The obesity-related hypoxic environment may have latent effects on human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) with potential consequences in mature cells. This study explores the immunophenotypic profile of hASCs obtained from lean and obese individuals and its potential relationship with the altered plasticity of hASCs observed in obesity. In this context, an altered pattern of cell surface marker expression in obese-derived hASCs in both undifferentiated and differentiated stages is demonstrated. Differences in proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity of hASCs from obese adipose tissue correlated with alterations in cell surface expression. Remarkably, altered plasticity observed in obese-derived hASCs was maintained in the absence of hypoxia, suggesting that these cells might be obesity conditioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Pachón-Peña
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Serena
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Petriz
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucemia Josep Carreras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xevi Duran
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - W Oliva-Olivera
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain CIBER de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain CIBER de Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d´Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Robaszkiewicz A, Qu C, Wisnik E, Ploszaj T, Mirsaidi A, Kunze FA, Richards PJ, Cinelli P, Mbalaviele G, Hottiger MO. ARTD1 regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone homeostasis by dampening NF-κB-dependent transcription of IL-1β. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21131. [PMID: 26883084 PMCID: PMC4756713 DOI: 10.1038/srep21131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1 (ARTD1, formerly PARP1) and its enzymatic activity have been shown to be important for reprogramming and differentiation of cells, such as during adipogenesis, their role and mechanism in regulating osteoclastogenesis and bone homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, in cell culture-based RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis models, we show that silencing of ARTD1 or inhibition of its enzymatic activity enhances osteoclast differentiation and function. As a consequence of ARTD1 silencing or inhibition, the recruitment of p65/RelA to the IL-1β promoter, which is associated with transcriptionally active histone marks, IL-1β expression and inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β are enhanced. This subsequently promotes sustained induction of the transcription factor Nfatc1/A and osteoclastogenesis in an autocrine manner via the IL-1 receptor. In vivo, Artd1-deficient mice display significantly decreased bone mass as a consequence of increased osteoclast differentiation. Accordingly, the expression of osteoclast markers is enhanced in mutant compared to wild-type mice. Together, these results indicate that ARTD1 controls osteoclast development and bone remodelling via its enzymatic activity by modulating the epigenetic marks surrounding the IL-1β promoter and expression of IL-1β and subsequently also Nfatc1/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Chao Qu
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ewelina Wisnik
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ploszaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich A Kunze
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8301, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Abdesselem H, Madani A, Hani A, Al-Noubi M, Goswami N, Ben Hamidane H, Billing AM, Pasquier J, Bonkowski MS, Halabi N, Dalloul R, Sheriff MZ, Mesaeli N, ElRayess M, Sinclair DA, Graumann J, Mazloum NA. SIRT1 Limits Adipocyte Hyperplasia through c-Myc Inhibition. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2119-35. [PMID: 26655722 PMCID: PMC4732199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.675645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of fat mass in the obese state is due to increased adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The molecular mechanism that drives adipocyte hyperplasia remains unknown. The NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a key regulator of mammalian metabolism, maintains proper metabolic functions in many tissues, counteracting obesity. Here we report that differentiated adipocytes are hyperplastic when SIRT1 is knocked down stably in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. This phenotype is associated with dysregulated adipocyte metabolism and enhanced inflammation. We also demonstrate that SIRT1 is a key regulator of proliferation in preadipocytes. Quantitative proteomics reveal that the c-Myc pathway is altered to drive enhanced proliferation in SIRT1-silenced 3T3-L1 cells. Moreover, c-Myc is hyperacetylated, levels of p27 are reduced, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is activated upon SIRT1 reduction. Remarkably, differentiating SIRT1-silenced preadipocytes exhibit enhanced mitotic clonal expansion accompanied by reduced levels of p27 as well as elevated levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and c-Myc, which is also hyperacetylated. c-Myc activation and enhanced proliferation phenotype are also found to be SIRT1-dependent in proliferating mouse embryonic fibroblasts and differentiating human SW872 preadipocytes. Reducing both SIRT1 and c-Myc expression in 3T3-L1 cells simultaneously does not induce the adipocyte hyperplasia phenotype, confirming that SIRT1 controls adipocyte hyperplasia through c-Myc regulation. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte hyperplasia will open new avenues toward understanding obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha Madani
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Ahmad Hani
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michael S Bonkowski
- the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
| | - Najeeb Halabi
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed ElRayess
- the Life Sciences Research Division, Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, P.O. Box 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - David A Sinclair
- the Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and
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45
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Lempradl A, Pospisilik JA, Penninger JM. Exploring the emerging complexity in transcriptional regulation of energy homeostasis. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:665-81. [PMID: 26460345 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated diseases are expected to affect more than 1 billion people by the year 2030. These figures have sparked intensive research into the molecular control of food intake, nutrient distribution, storage and metabolism--processes that are collectively termed energy homeostasis. Recent decades have also seen dramatic developments in our understanding of gene regulation at the signalling, chromatin and post-transcriptional levels. The seemingly exponential growth in this complexity now poses a major challenge for translational researchers in need of simplified but accurate paradigms for clinical use. In this Review, we consider the current understanding of transcriptional control of energy homeostasis, including both transcriptional and epigenetic regulators, and crosstalk between pathways. We also provide insights into emerging developments and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Lempradl
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stuebeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Andrew Pospisilik
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stuebeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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46
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New route for the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: a passage that links poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 to lipotoxicity? Biochem J 2015; 469:e9-11. [PMID: 26171833 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Biochemical Journal, Chen and colleagues characterize an interaction between ACBD3 (acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing 3) protein and PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase]-1 through the activation of ERKs (extracellular-signal-regulated kinases). This study envisages a pathway through which ABCD3 translates enhanced fatty acid levels to ERK and consequently PARP-1 activation. The consequences of PARP-1 activation lead to cellular and tissue damage, implying that the ACBD3/PARP-1 pathway is an important pathway in lipotoxicity events.
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47
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Acyl-CoA-binding domain containing 3 modulates NAD+ metabolism through activating poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Biochem J 2015; 469:189-98. [PMID: 25940138 DOI: 10.1042/bj20141487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NAD(+) plays essential roles in cellular energy homoeostasis and redox state, functioning as a cofactor along the glycolysis and citric acid cycle pathways. Recent discoveries indicated that, through the NAD(+)-consuming enzymes, this molecule may also be involved in many other cellular and biological outcomes such as chromatin remodelling, gene transcription, genomic integrity, cell division, calcium signalling, circadian clock and pluripotency. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is such an enzyme and dysfunctional PARP1 has been linked with the onset and development of various human diseases, including cancer, aging, traumatic brain injury, atherosclerosis, diabetes and inflammation. In the present study, we showed that overexpressed acyl-CoA-binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3), a Golgi-bound protein, significantly reduced cellular NAD(+) content via enhancing PARP1's polymerase activity and enhancing auto-modification of the enzyme in a DNA damage-independent manner. We identified that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 as well as de novo fatty acid biosynthesis pathways are involved in ACBD3-mediated activation of PARP1. Importantly, oxidative stress-induced PARP1 activation is greatly attenuated by knocking down the ACBD3 gene. Taken together, these findings suggest that ACBD3 has prominent impacts on cellular NAD(+) metabolism via regulating PARP1 activation-dependent auto-modification and thus cell metabolism and function.
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48
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Ryu KW, Kim DS, Kraus WL. New facets in the regulation of gene expression by ADP-ribosylation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2453-81. [PMID: 25575290 PMCID: PMC4378458 DOI: 10.1021/cr5004248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keun Woo Ryu
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene
Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green
Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program
in Genetics and Development, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Dae-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene
Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green
Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program
in Genetics and Development, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene
Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green
Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Division of Basic Research, Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program
in Genetics and Development, University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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49
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Hottiger MO. Nuclear ADP-Ribosylation and Its Role in Chromatin Plasticity, Cell Differentiation, and Epigenetics. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:227-63. [PMID: 25747399 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein ADP-ribosylation is an ancient posttranslational modification with high biochemical complexity. It alters the function of modified proteins or provides a scaffold for the recruitment of other proteins and thus regulates several cellular processes. ADP-ribosylation is governed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and a subclass of sirtuins (writers), is sensed by proteins that contain binding modules (readers) that recognize specific parts of the ADP-ribosyl posttranslational modification, and is removed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases (erasers). The large amount of experimental data generated and technical progress made in the last decade have significantly advanced our knowledge of the function of ADP-ribosylation at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of nuclear ADP-ribosylation reactions and their role in chromatin plasticity, cell differentiation, and epigenetics and discusses current progress and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Lehmann M, Pirinen E, Mirsaidi A, Kunze FA, Richards PJ, Auwerx J, Hottiger MO. ARTD1-induced poly-ADP-ribose formation enhances PPARγ ligand binding and co-factor exchange. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:129-42. [PMID: 25452336 PMCID: PMC4288160 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARγ-dependent gene expression during adipogenesis is facilitated by ADP-ribosyltransferase D-type 1 (ARTD1; PARP1)-catalyzed poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) formation. Adipogenesis is accompanied by a dynamic modulation of the chromatin landscape at PPARγ target genes by ligand-dependent co-factor exchange. However, how endogenous PPARγ ligands, which have a low affinity for the receptor and are present at low levels in the cell, can induce sufficient co-factor exchange is unknown. Moreover, the significance of PAR formation in PPARγ-regulated adipose tissue function is also unknown. Here, we show that inhibition of PAR formation in mice on a high-fat diet reduces weight gain and cell size of adipocytes, as well as PPARγ target gene expression in white adipose tissue. Mechanistically, topoisomerase II activity induces ARTD1 recruitment to PPARγ target genes, and ARTD1 automodification enhances ligand binding to PPARγ, thus promoting sufficient transcriptional co-factor exchange in adipocytes. Thus, ARTD1-mediated PAR formation during adipogenesis is necessary to adequately convey the low signal of endogenous PPARγ ligand to effective gene expression. These results uncover a new regulatory mechanism of ARTD1-induced ADP-ribosylation and highlight its importance for nuclear factor-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich A Kunze
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Competence Centre for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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